TANG SI KING NURZAWANI BINTI MOHAMAD ZANI SITI FATIA BINTI MOHAMAD ALI INTRODUCTION TONETWORKS eDictionary BAHASA MELAYU & BAHASA INGGERIS
Authors TANG SI KING NURZAWANI BINTI MOHAMAD ZANI SITI FATIA BINTI MOHAMAD ALI POLITEKNIK KUCHING SARAWAK MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION KM22, JALAN MATANG, 93050 KUCHING, SARAWAK. Phone No. : (082) 845596/7/8 Fax No. : (082) 845023 E-mail : [email protected] Website : http://www.poliku.edu.my/ Copyright © 2024 Politeknik Kuching Sarawak eSBN All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be copied, stored in form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying and recording or otherwise or by any means for reproduced without the prior permission of Politeknik Kuching Sawarak. Published by: Politeknik Kuching Sarawak Ministry of Higher Education
Preface The dictionary was created with the intention of assisting students in comprehending the terminology frequently used in the Introduction to Networks course. You'll be able to grasp this material more quickly as a result. It's no longer necessary to waste time and effort asking Uncle chat GPT where to discover reference resources. With the help of this dictionary, hopefully, you will be able to comprehend this subject more quickly and efficiently. The dictionary was created with the intention of assisting students in comprehending the terminology frequently used in the Introduction to Networks course.
Prakata Kamus ini bertujuan untuk membantu pelajar memahami dengan lebih jelas istilah-istilah yang biasa digunakan dalam mata pelajaran Introduction to Networks. Kamus ini dapat memudahkan pelajar untuk menguasai mata pelajaran ini dengan lebih cepat. Pelajar tidak perlu lagi bersusah payah menghabiskan terlalu banyak masa dan tenaga bertanyakan pakcik chat GPT untuk mencari bahan rujukan. Semoga kamus ini dapat membantu pelajar untuk memahami subjek ini dengan lebih baik, cepat dan berkesan.
Abstract "Introduction to Networks" serves as a guide to the fundamental concepts understanding the basic of computer networking network. In an age where connectivity is paramount, this book is designed to equip readers with a solid understanding of network essentials. Through a carefully curated selection of keywords, readers will gain the knowledge needed to navigate the complexities of modern networking with ease. This book covered all the basic keywords in introduction to network include protocol, topology, OSI, transmission media and etc. Each page is crafted to facilitate learning and retention, ensuring that readers can easily recall and apply the information presented. “Introduction to Networks" is your gateway to mastering the fundamentals of networking.
Abstrak "Pengenalan kepada Rangkaian" berfungsi sebagai panduan untuk memahami konsepkonsep asas rangkaian komputer. Pada masa kini, di mana kebolehubungan adalah penting, buku ini direka untuk membekalkan pembaca dengan pemahaman yang kukuh mengenai asas-asas rangkaian. Melalui pemilihan perkataan kunci yang teliti, pembaca akan memperolehi pengetahuan yang diperlukan untuk menavigasi kompleksiti rangkaian moden dengan mudah. Buku ini merangkumi semua perkataan kunci asas dalam pengenalan kepada rangkaian termasuk protokol, topologi, OSI, media transmisi dan sebagainya. Setiap halaman direka untuk memudahkan pembelajaran dan retensi, memastikan pembaca dengan mudah mengingati dan mengaplikasikan maklumat yang dipersembahkan. "Pengenalan Kepada Rangkaian" adalah pintu masuk anda untuk menguasai asas-asas rangkaian.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Foundational Networking Elements Communication Protocols and Technologies Quiz Video 1 2 3 4
Term in ITN Istilah dalam ITN
F O U N D A T I O N A L N E T W O R K I N G E L E M E N T S
Computer network .................................................................................................................................................... Server ............................................................................................................................................................................ Workstation .................................................................................................................................................................. Network Interface Card ........................................................................................................................................... Network Operating System .................................................................................................................................... Host ................................................................................................................................................................................ Connectivity Devices ................................................................................................................................................ Segment ....................................................................................................................................................................... Protocol ........................................................................................................................................................................ Topology ...................................................................................................................................................................... Transmission Media ................................................................................................................................................. Wide Area Networks ................................................................................................................................................. Internet ......................................................................................................................................................................... Extranet ........................................................................................................................................................................ Intranet ......................................................................................................................................................................... Availability ................................................................................................................................................................... Reliability ..................................................................................................................................................................... Scalability .................................................................................................................................................................... Security ........................................................................................................................................................................ Repeaters ................................................................................................................................................................... Hub ............................................................................................................................................................................... Switch .......................................................................................................................................................................... Router .......................................................................................................................................................................... Wireless Access Point ........................................................................................................................................... Modem ........................................................................................................................................................................ Open Standards ....................................................................................................................................................... Copper Media ........................................................................................................................................................... Unshielded Twisted Pair ......................................................................................................................................... Shielded Twisted Pair .............................................................................................................................................. Coaxial Cable ............................................................................................................................................................. Fiber Media Cable ..................................................................................................................................................... Data Access ................................................................................................................................................................ Data Encapsulation .................................................................................................................................................. Frame ............................................................................................................................................................................ Mac Address .............................................................................................................................................................. IP Address ................................................................................................................................................................... IP Protocol ................................................................................................................................................................... IPv4 and IPv6 ............................................................................................................................................................. Subnet Mask .............................................................................................................................................................. Prefix Length ............................................................................................................................................................... Network Address ...................................................................................................................................................... Host Address ............................................................................................................................................................. Broadcast Address ................................................................................................................................................... Legacy Classful Addressing ................................................................................................................................. VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) ......................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Computer network Oxford Dictionary: "Chain of interconnected computers" Knott, Waites, and Callaghan: "A number of computers connected for communication or processing" Forouzan: "A set of devices connected by media links" Rangkaian komputer “Rantaian komputer yang saling berhubung.” kamus Oxford “Beberapa komputer yang dihubungkan bersama bagi tujuan untuk berkomunikasi ” Knott, Waites dan Callaghan, Pengajian Komputer “Rangkaian ialah satu set peranti (nod) yang disambungkan melalui pautan media” Forouzan, Komunikasi data dan rangkaian 1
Server : Manage shared resources on a network. Have more memory, processing power, and disk space than clients. Run network operating software for data, user, group, application, and security management. Pelayan : Menguruskan sumber yang dikongsi di dalam rangkaian. Mempunyai lebih banyak memori, kuasa pemprosesan, dan ruang cakera keras berbanding pelanggan (client). Menjalankan perisian pengendalian rangkaian untuk pengurusan data, pengguna individu, pengguna berkumpulan, aplikasi, dan keselamatan. 2
Workstation: A personal computer, possibly connected to a network, often a workstation. Stesen kerja: Komputer peribadi, mungkin bersambungan dengan rangkaian, seringkali digunakan sebagai stesen kerja. 3
NetworkInterface Card (NIC): The device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media. Kad Antaramuka Rangkaian: Peranti dalam komputer yang menghubungkan komputer kepada media rangkaian yang lain. 4
Perisian pada pelayan yang menguruskan data, pengguna individu, pengguna berkumpulan, aplikasi dan keselamatan dalam rangkaian. Network Operating System (NOS): Software on a server managing data, users, groups, applications, and security. Sistem Pengendalian Rangkaian: 5
Host : A computer that let other computers connected to the same network to share resources. Hos: Sebuah komputer yang membolehkan komputerkomputer lain disambungkan ke rangkaian yang sama untuk berkongsi sumber. 6
Connectivity Devices: A specialized device facilitating data exchange between network parts or networks. Peranti Sambungan : Sebuah peranti khusus yang memudahkan pertukaran data antara bahagian-bahagian rangkaian atau rangkaian-rangkaian. 7
Segment : Part of a network with nodes using the same communications channel. Segmen : Sebahagian daripada rangkaian dengan nod yang menggunakan saluran komunikasi yang sama. 8
Protocol: A format used for communication between devices connected to a network. Protokol: Suatu format yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi antara peranti yang bersambungan dalam rangkaian. 9
Topology: The physical layout of a computer network based on organizational needs, expertise, and hardware. Topologi: Susunan fizikal dalam rangkaian komputer berdasarkan keperluan organisasi, kepakaran, dan perkakasan. 10
Transmission Media: The means for data transmission, physical (cable, wire) or atmospheric (wireless, radio waves). Media Penghantaran: Medium untuk penghantaran data, sama ada fizikal (kabel, wayar) atau atmosfera (tanpa wayar, gelombang radio). 11
Wide Area Networks: LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a network known as a WAN. Rangkaian Luas Wilayah: LAN yang dipisahkan oleh jarak geografi disambungkan oleh rangkaian yang dikenali sebagai WAN (Wide Area Network). 12
Internet: Connects computers worldwide via dedicated servers and routers, facilitating data exchange. Internet: Menghubungkan komputer di seluruh dunia melalui pelayan dedikasi dan penghala, memudahkan pertukaran data. 13
Extranet: Shared content accessed across enterprise boundaries. Extranet: Kandungan yang dikongsi di mana ia dapat diakses oleh kumpulan tertentu melalui lintasan sempadan. 14
Intranet: Shared content accessed within a single organization. Intranet: Perkongsian kandungan yang hanya dapat diakses oleh ahli dalam sebuah organisasi. 15
Availability: Operational and accessible when needed. Ketersediaan: Beroperasi dan boleh diakses apabila diperlukan. 16
Reliability: Consistency and dependability of network performance. Kebolehpercayaan: Kebolehpercayaan melibatkan konsistensi dan kebolehbergantungan kepada prestasi rangkaian. 17
Scalability: Ability to handle increased load and growth without significant degradation. Kebolehskalaan: Kemampuan untuk menangani peningkatan beban dan pertumbuhan tanpa penurunan yang signifikan. 18
Security: Protecting from unauthorized access, data breaches, and malicious activities. Keselamatan: Melindungi daripada akses yang tidak dibenarkan, pelanggaran data, dan sebarang aktiviti yang berbahaya. 19
Repeaters: OSI (Physical layer) device, extends a network inexpensively by retransmitting data. Pemacuulangan: Peranti lapisan fizikal OSI (Physical layer), meluaskan rangkaian dengan kos yang rendah melalui pengulangan semula data. 20
Hub: Operates at the physical layer, broadcasts data to all connected devices. Hub: Beroperasi pada lapisan fizikal, menyebarkan data kepada semua peranti yang bersambung. 21
Switch: Forwards data only to the intended device, reducing congestion. Switch: Menghantar data hanya kepada peranti yang dikehendaki, mengurangkan kesesakan. 22
Router: Directs data packets between networks using routing tables. Penyambung laluan: Mengarahkan paket data antara rangkaian dengan menggunakan jadual penghalaan. 23
Wireless Access Point (WAP): Acts as a bridge between wired and wireless networks. Titik Capaian Tanpa Wayar: Bertindak sebagai jambatan antara rangkaian wayar dan rangkaian tanpa wayar. 24
Modem: Device converting digital data to analog signals for transmission. Modem: Peranti yang menukarkan data digital kepada isyarat analog untuk penghantaran. 25
Open Standards: Encourages interoperability, innovation, and competition. Standard Terbuka: Mendorong interoperabiliti, inovasi, dan persaingan. 26
Cop er Media: Copper cables for transmitting electrical signals. Cop er Media: Kabel tembaga untuk penghantaran isyarat elektrik. 27
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Common copper cable with twisted pairs of wires, widely used in Ethernet networks. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Kabel tembaga dengan pasangan wayar yang berpintal, banyak digunakan dalam rangkaian Ethernet. 28
Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP): Similar to UTP but with additional shielding to reduce EMI. Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP): Sama dengan UTP tetapi dengan pelindung tambahan untuk mengurangkan gangguan elektromagnetik (EMI). 29
Coaxial Cable: Cable consisting of a central conductor, insulating layers, and a metallic shield. Coaxial Cable: Kabel yang terdiri daripada penghantar pusat, lapisan penebat, dan pelindung logam. 30
Fiber Media Cable: Utilizes thin glass or plastic strands for transmitting data through light signals, offering high bandwidth, resistance to interference, and suitability for longdistance transmission. Kabel Serat Optik: Menggunakan gentian kaca atau plastik nipis untuk menghantar data melalui isyarat cahaya, menawarkan jalur lebar tinggi, ketahanan terhadap gangguan, dan kesesuaian untuk penghantaran jarak jauh. 31
Data Access: Involves retrieving or manipulating stored data in a database or network, connecting devices or users to a network, and accessing resources. Akses Data: Melibatkan pengambilan atau pengendalian data yang disimpan dalam pangkalan data atau rangkaian, menyambung peranti atau pengguna ke dalam rangkaian, dan mengakses sumber-sumber. 32
Data Encapsulation: Wraps data and control information into a single unit for transmission, crucial for layered addition of headers and trailers as data moves through the OSI model. Pembungkususan Data: Membalut data dan maklumat kawalan ke dalam satu unit untuk penghantaran. Ianya penting untuk penambahan lapisan tajuk dan trailer semasa data bergerak melalui model OSI. 33
Frame: Data transmission unit at the data link layer of the OSI model, including both data and control information for efficient communication within a local network, e.g., Ethernet. Rangka: Unit penghantaran data pada lapisan pautan data model OSI, termasuk kedua-dua data dan maklumat kawalan untuk komunikasi yang cekap dalam rangkaian tempatan, contohnya, Ethernet. 34
MAC Ad ress (Media Access Control Ad ress): Unique identifier assigned to a device's network interface card (NIC) for directing data frames to the correct destination on aca local network. Alamat kawalan capaian media: Pengecam unik yang diberikan kepada kad antara muka rangkaian (NIC) suatu peranti untuk menghantar bingkai data kepada destinasi yang betul dalam suatu rangkaian tempatan. 35
IP Ad ress (Internet Protocol Ad ress): Numerical label assigned to devices in a network using Internet Protocol, vital for routing data across networks; two types are IPv4 (32-bit) and IPv6 (128-bit). Alamat ProtokolInternet: Label numerik yang diberikan kepada peranti dalam suatu rangkaian dengan menggunakan Protokol Internet yang penting untuk menghantar data di seluruh rangkaian; iaitu IPv4 (32-bit) dan IPv6 (128-bit). 36
IP Protocol: Network layer protocol handling addressing and routing of packets across networks, fundamental for global communication on the internet. IP Protokol: Protokol lapisan rangkaian mengendalikan pengekalan alamat dan laluan paket di seluruh rangkaian, merupakan asas penting untuk komunikasi global di internet. 37
IPv4 andIPv6: IPv4 (32-bit) widely used; IPv6 (128-bit) developed to address IPv4 limitations and provide a larger address space. IPv4 danIPv6: IPv4 (32-bit) banyak digunakan; IPv6 (128-bit) dibangunkan untuk menangani kelemahan IPv4 dan menyediakan ruang alamat yang lebih besar. 38
Subnet Mask: 32-bit number dividing an IP address into network and host portions, expressed in dotted-decimal format for delineating address boundaries. Mask Subnet: Nombor 32-bit yang memisahkan alamat IP kepada bahagian rangkaian dan hos, diungkapkan dalam format titik perpuluhan untuk menentukan sempadan alamat. 39