PREFACE (Bro. Surakit Srisrankulwong, Ph.D.) Director March 2023 Nowadays, learning English is the most essential activity in our daily routine. Needless to say, it is the most fundamental means of communication in the field of education in order to instill in the learner’s positive attitudes towards English language. Consequently, the learner can use the language in multiple life situations, and in search for knowledge to sustain a career and further high level of studies. In addition, it can also aid the ability to understand various cultural differences and challenges. Therefore, the teaching and learning process is considered to be most beneficial as the teacher educates the subject content thus enabling the learner to grasp in a less complex effort. This vocabulary book is published for the exclusive use in teaching and learning of five basic subjects namely Mathematics, Science, Technology and Occupation, Social Studies, Religion and Culture and English for Primary 1 to Secondary 6 students. This book introduces English vocabulary words used in the abovementioned subjects with examples on how to adapt them in daily communication to attain goals and efficiency. It is with great expectation that the contents in this English vocabulary book may benefit the teachers and students in a way that it is genuinely learned as English is a medium of instruction. Every single vocabulary word is related to the learner’s daily life. The contents are expected to respond to the basic learning needs and preferences of the learner and therefore may involve recreational learning and utmost advantage. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the valuable efforts of the teachers of the Foreign Languages Department, the Academic Affairs, and those who in one way or another have been part of the preparation and success of this book. God bless you constantly.
2 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE 565 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND. Tel. 0-2243-0065, 0-2243-7002, 0-2243-2153, Fax: 0-2243-2150 Website: http://www.sg.ac.th All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Saint Gabriel’s College. HONORARY ADVISOR : Bro. Surakit Srisrankulwong, Ph.D. COMMITTEE : Bro. Bhuvarindhara Khemrachanon, M.A. Bro. Pathanant Chaiyara Bro. Siriroj Viriyasirimongkol, Ph.D. Board of Director Mr. Thong-in Sawaengsin, M.A. Mr. Pisit Krittayanawach, M.A. Mr. Avirut Wisetchart, M.A. Mrs. Sureerat Chaisuriya, M.Ed. Ms. Yaowaluck Yoocharoen, M.A. Ms. Pornsirin Watthanasathian, M.A. English Teachers Primary 1 - Secondary 6 EDITORIAL TEAM : Mrs. Sureerat Chaisuriya, M.Ed. Members of the Foreign Language Department DESIGN & LAYOUT : Mr. Wutichart Chatarupacheewin, M.FA. Mr. Sarayut Jorjaroenpanich Mr. Peerawit Arjloi Mr. Pheempapob Chatarupacheewin PRODUCED BY : Saint Gabriel’s College BANGKOK, THAILAND Copyright @ 2023
3 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND CONTENTS Preface 1 Coat of Arms 4 Foreign Languages (English) 6 Mathematics 16 Science and Technology 26 Social Studies 52 Occupation 74
4 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND COAT OF ARMS Coat of arms is a translation of the French COTTE D’ ARMES. Usually it is depicted with the particular heraldic bearings of a person or family on an escutcheon, and from it we can learn much about the person or family which adopted the particular coat of arms. BROTHERS OF ST. GABRIEL The name “the Brothers of St. Gabriel” reminds us of those Brothers who sacrificed their lives, and their mother’s land, in order to help educate and develop our Thai children to grow in the right path. “LABOR OMNIA VINCIT” is the motto of our school. “We can overcome all difficulties through working hard,” or, as the Latin proverb says : “Labor conquers all things.” “Life - Boat” Symbolized By “The Ship in The Sea” “The ship in the Sea” symbolizes that we have to keep on struggling and facing different difficulties in the sea of life, just like the ship or the boat that fights stormy wing, steamy sun and rainy sea in order NOT to capsize in the middle of the sea. This should always remind us that “Life is a Struggle” or “To Live is to Struggle” against the problems and difficulties and not to give up. “DS” (read “D and S”) Cross In The Middle With The Cross “D” or Divinity represents “Religion”. We all need religion in life and mind. The Cross is the symbol of “love” and “sacrifice” just as Jesus sacrificed his life for our love and he redeemed our sins as he said: “There is no other love greater than sacrificing our life for others.” “S” or “Science” means “Knowledge,” which is the root of man’s ability to reason. Everyone should always aim at gaining more knowledge. The
5 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND more we learn about mundane knowledge, the more we should also learn about “Dharma” or religious, ethical virtues. Moreover, DIS also comes from the French phrase, “Dieu Seul,” which means “ALL WE DO IS FOR THE GRACE OF GOD ONLY.” It is to remind us of St. Louis Marie de Montfort, the Founding Father of the Brothers of St. Gabriel’s motto. With this powerful motto, we have the will to work without yielding to difficulties, at studies as well as at work. We all uphold it up to this day. A.M. and The White Lilies “A.M.” is abbreviated from a Latin word, “ALMA MATER,” meaning literally, “Dear Mother,” in Latin and indicating “MOTHER COLLEGE,” which symbolizes that our institution is like our “Alma Mater”, our own birth place and as a part of our own families. We should love our institution as much as we should love our own parents. Moreover, “A.M.” is also abbreviated from “AVE MARIA” (in Latin), the name of Jesus’ Mother. This means that we should love our own Mother with our heart and soul. And the beautiful snow - white lilies are symbols to remind us that we should be clean and sincere with all our thoughts, words and minds, wherever we are. The Star and The Man In a Boat “The Star and the Boat” symbolizes “Spiritual Hope” meaning that religion is “the light of Dharma or Absolute Truth” and all the knowledge or sciences we have learned from the institution is “the Light of the Intelligence”. Altogether they keep conduct and intelligence on track so we are not lost or capsized in the middle of the sea of life. “The man in the boat” reflects us, ourselves, rowing or guiding our own “boat of life”. “The Shield” That Frames The “Four Symbols” The “Shield” that frames the “Four Symbols” is the “COAT OF ARMS” which stands for “HONOUR,” or “PRIDE and DIGNITY”. It also represents the HONOUR, DIGNITY, PRIDE AND PRAISE that our institution has received from the King who reigns over the Kingdom.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 7 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY ENGLISH UNIT 1 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 elimination (n.) การกำ�ำจัด, การทำ�ำลาย There were three eliminations in the first round of the competition. 2 spectacular (adj.) น่าตื่นเต้น I saw something spectacular in the sky last night that I have no explanation for. 3 descend (v.) ร่อนลงมาใกล้พื้น ดิน The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. 4 summit (n.) ยอดสุดของภูเขา The climb to the summit took six hours. 5 encounter (v.) เผชิญหน้า Tomorrow we will encounter the enemy. 6 exceptionally (adv.) อย่างพิเศษ, อย่างโดดเด่น It was exceptionally cold last summer. 7 disability (n.) การไร้ความ สามารถ, ความพิการ You were on disability for three months. 8 potential (n.) ศักยภาพ Human beings are gifted with infinite potential. 9 obstacle (n.) อุปสรรค์ He did the work in spite of many obstacles.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 8 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 10 circumnavigate (v.) ล่องเรือหรือบินไป รอบรอบ Shortly after Columbus’s epochal voyage, Magellan circumnavigated the globe. UNIT 2 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 11 illogical (adj.) ที่ไร้เหตุผล I can't accept someone so illogical as a leader! 12 virtual (adj.) ที่เสมือนจริง OZ is a virtual world that can be enjoyed by people from all over the world. 13 eruption (n.) การปะทุ, การระเบิด The volcanic eruption threatened the village. 14 explosion (n.) การระเบิด The explosion may have been caused by a gas leak. 15 irrelevant (adj.) ไม่สัมพันธ์กัน What he said is irrelevant to the matter. 16 embarrassing (adj.) ที่น่าอาย It's an embarrassing question. 17 anonymous (adj.) ไม่เป็นที่เปิดเผย His name remains anonymous. 18 recognition (n.) การจำ�ำได้ He glanced at her with no sign of recognition. 19 immoral (adj.) ซึ่งผิดศีลธรรม His immoral actions did not go unnoticed. 20 prohibited (v.) ห้าม, ไม่อนุญาต Parking is prohibited here.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 9 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND UNIT 3 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 21 drought (n.) ความแห้งแล้ง Many peasants died during the drought. 22 dystopias (n.) สถานที่ยากลำ�ำบาก Dystopias are goals to be avoided. 23 utopia (n.) ดินแดนในอุดมคติ It is a utopia with no war, disease, suffering or hatred. 24 gorge ( n.) ช่องเขา The wind is blowing down the gorge. 25 devastate (v.) ทำ�ำลายล้าง In South Korea, the forests had been devastated by war. 26 plague (n.) โรคระบาดรุนแรง Rats carry the plague. 27 suspension (n.) การแขวน Nowadays we can see a lot of suspension bridges. 28 contradict (v.) ขัดแย้ง He contradicted the news. 29 groan (v.) คราง The man groaned in pain. 30 smash (v.) แตกเป็นเสี่ยงๆ The bottle smashed to pieces. 31 slam (v.) ปิดดังปัง Don't slam the door. UNIT 4 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 32 apprentice (n.) คนฝึกงาน An apprentice is ordered by his master to do various chores. 33 accountancy (n.) การบัญชี Applicants must be qualified and experienced in accountancy. 34 veterinary (adj.) เกี่ยวกับสัตว์ แพทยศาสตร์ Tim has a degree in veterinary medicine. 35 pseudonym (n.) นามปากกา Writers go by pseudonyms. What does it matter?
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 10 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 36 competitive (adj.) ที่เกี่ยวกับการ แข่งขัน His words aroused my competitive spirit. 37 ambition (n.) ความ ทะเยอทะยาน He has an ambition to get a Nobel Prize. UNIT 5 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 38 graffiti (n.) การวาดภาพหรือ เขียนบนกำ�ำแพงใน ที่สาธารณะ That graffiti was a message. 39 mosque (n.) สุเหร่า, มัสยิด When was the Hagia Sophia made into a mosque? 40 mural (n.) จิตรกรรมฝาผนัง There’s a big mural on the side of an old barn. 41 subtle (adj.) เฉียบแหลม She has a subtle charm. 42 hesitate (v.) ลังเล ชักช้า Don't hesitate to ask for information. 43 thoroughly (adv.) อย่างละเอียดถี่ถ้วน I studied it thoroughly. 44 eventually (adv.) ในที่สุด Everything eventually gets easier with practice. 45 collage (n.) ศิลปการสร้างภาพ จากชิ้นส่วนเล็กๆ ท ี่ นำ�ำมาปะติดปะ ต่อกัน Alison made my dad this collage, and there was a picture of her on a boat. 46 impressive (adj.) ซึ่งน่าประทับใจ Her singing was very impressive as usual. 47 shoelace (n.) เชือกผูกรองเท้า He was kind enough to tie my shoelaces.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 11 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 48 installation (n.) การแสดงผลงาน ศิลปะ I modeled for him, and he did this incredible installation. 49 sculpture (n.) การแกะสลัก การปั้น I'm really excited to see your sculpture. 50 fascinating (adj.) ที่น่าหลงใหล You are a fascinating man. UNIT 6 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 51 Identity (n.) อัตลักษณ์ A student should not lose sight of his own identity. 52 essential (adj.) จำ�ำเป็น, สำ�ำคัญ Effort is essential to studying. 53 cybercrime (n.) อาชญากรรม ไซเบอร์ Cybercrime is illegal. 54 mugging (n.) การทำ�ำร้ายเพื่อ ปล้นทรัพย์สินในท ี่ สาธารณะ Where did the mugging take place? 55 vaccination (n.) การปลูกฝี, การฉีดวัคซีน The vaccination could have worn off. 56 aggressive (adj.) ก้าวร้าว I didn't expect you to be so aggressive. 57 vandalism (n.) การทำ�ำลาย ทรัพย์สิน โดยเฉพาะของรัฐ อย่างไร้เหตุผล More than 40 people were arrested, some of suspicion of vandalism. 58 burglary (n.) การขโมยย่องเบา There are a lot of cases of burglary around here these days. 59 determined (adj.) มุ่งมั่น He is determined to go to England.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 12 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 60 circumstance (n.) สภาวะแวดล้อม Circumstances did not permit me to help you. 61 arrogance (n.) ความเย่อหยิ่ง I get mad at his arrogance. UNIT 7 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 62 fascinated (adj.) หลงใหล I was fascinated by her beauty. 63 inherit (v.) รับมรดก We don't know if the kid inherited anything. 64 dramatic (adj.) ที่เกินจริง, ที่เหมือนละคร The events that led up to her present fame are quite dramatic. 65 grateful (adj.) กตัญญู, ขอบคุณ I am very grateful to you for your help. 66 convertible (adj.) ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงได้ My financial advisor suggested we invest in convertible preferred stock. 67 radical (adj.) โดยทั่วถึง Some politicians are raising more radical change. 68 imaginary ( adj.) ซึ่งสมมุติขึ้น All her imaginary happiness vanished in a moment. 69 imperative (adj.) ท ี่ จำ�ำเป็น, ท ี่ สำ�ำคัญ It is imperative for you to act at once. 70 pointless (adj.) ที่ไร้จุดหมาย I was disgusted with his pointless talk. UNIT 8 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 71 acquaintance (n.) คนคุ้นเคย He has many acquaintances but few friends. 72 frenemy (n.) ศัตรูในคราบมิตร Tim is my frenemy.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 13 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 73 desperately(adv.) อย่างสิ้นหวัง, อย่างเต็มท ี่ He's desperately trying to make up for the delay. 74 hatred (n.) ความเกลียดชัง Hatred is our enemy. 75 optimal (adj.) ที่เหมาะสม The question of how to establish the optimal formula is still open. 76 accuse (v.) กล่าวหา He accused her of having lied to him. 77 threaten (v.) คุกคาม Civilization is now threatened by nuclear war. 78 giggle (v.) หัวเราะคิกคัก If you can’t stop giggling, you’ll have to leave the room. 79 persuade (v.) ชักชวน He tried to persuade her. 80 generous (adj.) ใจกว้าง He is generous to his opponents. UNIT 9 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 81 crunchy (adj.) กรอบ This sweet potato is only half-baked and is still crunchy. 82 savoury (adj.) ที่อร่อย This soup is savoury. 83 consequence (n.) ผล As a consequence of overwork, he became ill. 84 ingredient (n.) ส่วนผสม, เครื่องปรุง Flour is the main ingredient in cakes. 85 mince (v.) สับ Mince the garlic and add to the onion. 86 fizzy (adj.) ดังซ่า, ดังฟู่ It was too fizzy and gassy to drink. 87 pierce (v.) ทิ่ม, แทง, เจาะ His heart was pierced with grief.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 14 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 88 obesity (n.) การอ้วนเกินไป I suffer from obesity. 89 arteries (n.) หลอดเลือดแดง Do you know what lard does to your arteries? 90 addictive (adj.) ซึ่งทำ�ำให้ติดยาได้ He's using addictive substances like thinner. 91 superb (adj.) ที่ดีเลิศ His taste in music is superb. UNIT 10 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 92 asteroid (n.) ดาวเคราะห์ The asteroids will protect us. 93 curiosity (n.) ความอยากรู้ อยากเห็น Curiosity killed the cat. 94 initially (adv.) ในขั้นต้น Initially I found it difficult to deal with my new environment. 95 entrepreneur (n.) นักลงทุนการเงิน Everyone is an entrepreneur. 96 transmit (v.) ถ่ายทอด, สืบทอด His will was transmitted to his younger brother. 97 cathedral (n.) โบสถ์ท ี่ สำ�ำคัญ The cathedral dates back to the Middle Ages. 98 archbishop (n.) หัวหน้าบาทหลวง The archbishop dedicated the church to San Satiro, the brother of Sant’ Ambrogio. 99 launch (v.) ปล่อย, เริ่มดำ�ำเนินการ He is planning to launch his business. 100 efficient (adj.) ที่มีประสิทธิภาพ She is an efficient and reliable assistant.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 15 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 101 establish (v.) สร้าง England established many colonies. 102 supersonic (adj.) ที่เร็วกว่าเสียง The airplane is capable of supersonic speeds. 103 megastore (n.) ร้านค้าขนาดใหญ่ We can buy a lot of stuff in a megastore. MEMO
MATHEMATICS
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 17 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 : SETS No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 well-defined (adj.) แจ่มแจ้ง, อย่างชัดเจน The term “well defined” means that the collection is described in such a way that we can determine whether any given object belongs to that collection. 2 roster form (n.) เซตแบบแจกแจง In the roster form, all elements of the set are listed, the elements being separated by a comma (“,”) and are enclosed within braces (“{ }”). For example : the set representing scores of three students can be a set of three numbers, one of which is repeated as S = {80, 90, 70}. 3 set builder form (n.) เซตแบบบอก เงื่อนไข In the set builder form, all the elements of the set are often characterized by a common property. For example : in the set {a, e, i, o, u} all the elements possess a common property - each of them is a vowel in the English alphabet, and no other alphabet possesses this property. Denoting this set by V, we write V = {x | x is a vowel in the English alphabet}.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 18 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 4 empty set (n.) เซตว่าง The set that has no members or elements is called an “empty set”. For example : the set of integers between 1 and 2 is an empty set because there are no integers in this range. 5 universal set (n.) เอกภพสัมพัทธ์ Define a set that contains all the sets under consideration as subsets. It is denoted by U, and the set U is called “The Universal Set”. 6 finite set (n.) เซตจำ�ำกัด A Finite set is a set that has a finite number of members. 7 infinite set (n.) เซตอนันต์ An infinite set is a set that has an infinite or uncountable number of members. 8 equal sets (n.) เซตที่เท่ากัน Two sets A and B are said to be equal if they have exactly the same elements and we write A = B to represent “A is equal to B”. 9 equivalent sets (n.) เซตที่เทียบเท่ากัน Two finite sets A and B are said to be equivalent if they have the same number of elements. 10 subset (n.) เซตย่อย A set “A” is a subset of set “B”, if each element of set “A” is also an element of set “B”. 11 power sets (n.) เซตกำ�ำลัง Power set is a collection of all possible subsets of a given set.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 19 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 12 Venn diagram (n.) แผนภาพของ เวนน์ The universal set U is represented by a rectangle. Other sets are represented by circles. If A and B are arbitrary sets, then we can use a Venn diagram to represent the relationship between A and B. 13 union of sets (n.) ส่วนรวมของเซต The union of two sets A and B is the set C, which consists of all the elements that are either in A or in B (including those which are in both). 14 intersection of sets (n.) ส่วนร่วมของเซต The intersection between sets A and B is the set of all elements that belong to both sets. 15 complement of a set (n.) ส่วนเติมเต็มของ เซต The complement of A with respect to U is the set of all elements of U that are not the elements of A. 16 difference of sets (n.) ผลต่างของเซต The difference between sets A and B, in this order, is the set of elements that belong to A but not to B. UNIT 2 : EXPONENTS No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 17 base (n.) ฐาน The ‘exponent’ stands for ‘‘how many times the number or variable is being multiplied by itself”. The number that is being multiplied is called ‘base’. 18 exponents (n.) เลขยกกำ�ำลัง Exponents are used as a shorthand representation for multiplications.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 20 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 19 radical (n.) กรณฑ์ The symbol x n is called a radical, n is called the index and x is called the radicand. 20 denominator (n.) จำ�ำนวนส่วนของ เลขเศษส่วน To rationalize the denominator, we multiply the numerator and denominator by a suitable factor that will rationalize the denominator that is, will leave the denominator free of radicals. 21 simplify (n.) ทำ�ำให้ง่ายขึ้น Simplify each of the following, expressing the answers with positive indices. 22 power (n.) เลขยกกำ�ำลัง The exponent is called the “power” which the number is ‘raised to’, like 53 is expressed as 5 raised to the 3rd power. 23 not defined (n.) ให้คำ�ำนิยาม For n = 0 and a ≠ 0, a0 = 1 but 00 is not defined. 24 rational exponents (n.) เลขยกกำ�ำลังที่เป็น จำ�ำนวนตรรกยะ An expression with rational numbers as exponents or power. 25 properties of radicals (n.) สมบัติของกรณฑ์ Properties of Radicals for a positive integer n greater than 1, where x and y are positive real numbers: 1. ( x n ) n = x 2. x n n = |x | 3. x n ⋅ y n = xy n 4. x n y n = x y n
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 21 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 26 square root (n.) กรณฑ์ที่สอง “3 is a square root of 9” because 32 = 9 27 cube root (n.) กรณฑ์ที่สาม “2 is a cube root of 8” because 23 = 8 28 surd (n.) ตัวเลขที่ไม่ สามารถถอด กรณฑ์ได้ Roots of numbers that cannot be completely determined are called surds. UNIT 3 : RELATION AND FUNCTION No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 29 ordered pair (n.) คู่อันดับ The points on the graph sheet (x, y) where x is regarded as the first element and y as the second element, thus (x, y) ≠ (y, x). 30 cartesian product (n.) ผลคูณคาร์ทีเชียน Given two sets A and B, we can take an ordered pair (a, b) where element “a” is taken from A and b from B. The set of all such possible ordered pairs denoted as A × B is called the Cartesian Product. 31 relation (n.) ความสัมพันธ์ A correspondence between the elements of the two sets. Example : {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)}, defines a relation that the x elements are less than the y elements. 32 domain (n.) โดเมน The Domain (D) is the set of all the first component of ordered pairs in a relation as well as in a function.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 22 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 33 range (n.) เรนจ์ The range (R) is the set of all the second component of the ordered pairs. 34 function (n.) ฟังก์ชัน A function is a set of ordered pairs with the property such that no two ordered pairs have the same first component and different second component. 35 inverse of relation (n.) อินเวอร์สของ ความสัมพันธ์ Inverse relation is a relation that gives opposite or inverse of a relation. 36 inverse function (n.) ฟังก์ชันอินเวอร์สห รือฟังก์ชันผกผัน The inverse mapping may be written as h -1 (3) = 8. We call h -1 as the inverse function h. 37 linear function (n.) ฟังก์ชันเชิงเส้น A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx + b where m and b are real numbers and m ≠ 0. 38 quadratic function (n.) ฟังก์ชันกำ�ำลังสอง A function f is a quadratic function if f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. 39 absolute value function (n.) ฟังก์ชันค่าสัมบูรณ์ A function f is an absolute value function if f(x) = a |x – h| + k where a, h, k are real numbers and a ≠ 0. 40 exponential function (n.) ฟังก์ชันเอกซ์ โพเนนเชียล A function f is an exponential function if f(x) = ax-h + k where a, h, k are real numbers and a > 0 but a ≠ 1. 41 Piecewisedefined function (n.) ฟังก์ชันพีซไวส์ A function f is a piecewise-defined function if f is defined by different formulas for different parts of its domain.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 23 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 42 step function (n.) ฟังก์ชันขั้นบันได A function is a step function if f is a piecewise-defined function where each part of its domain is divided into more than 2 parts and is defined by different constant functions. 43 turning point (n.) จุดวกกลับ The lowest or highest point on the parabola, whichever exists is called the “vertex” or the “turning point”. 44 constant function (n.) ฟังก์ชันคงตัว A function of the form f(x) = b is called a constant function and it is not a linear function. 45 slope (n.) ความชัน For example, f(x) = -3x - 2. The slope is -3. 46 x-intercept (n.) ระยะตัดแกน x For example, g(x) = -3x - 6. The x-intercept is 0 = -3x - 6, x = - 2. 47 y-intercept (n.) ระยะตัดแกน y For example, f(x) = 2x + 1. The y-intercept is f (0) = 2(0) + 1 = 1. 48 vertex (n.) จุดยอด The vertex (turning point) of the parabola f(x)= ax2 + bx + c is (h, f(h)) and h = b2a. 49 parabola (n.) พาราโบลา A “parabola” is the graph of a quadratic function. 50 axis of the parabola (n.) แกนสมมาตร A line that passes through the turning point of a parabola that is parallel to the vertical axis denoted by x = h. 51 asymptote (n.) เส้นกำ�ำกับ In the equation f(x) = ax-h + k, the horizontal asymptote is the line y = k.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 24 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND UNIT 4 : PROBABILITY No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 52 probability (n.) ความน่าจะเป็น When dealing with experiments that are random and well-defined, probability describes the statistical number of outcomes divided by the number of all outcomes. 53 tree diagram (n.) แผนภาพต้นไม้ A tree diagram is a tool that we use in general mathematics, probability, and statistics that allows us to calculate the number of possible outcomes of an event. 54 random experiment (n.) การทดลองสุ่ม Before rolling a die you do not know the result, this is an example of a random experiment. 55 sample space (n.) เซตของผลลัพธ์ ทั้งหมดที่อาจเกิด ขึ้นได้ The concept of a sample space is fundamental to probability theory, it is the set of all possibilities of some uncertain process. 56 event (n.) เหตุการณ์ In probability theory, an event is a set of outcomes of an experiment to which a probability is assigned. 57 simple event (n.) เหตุการณ์ที่มี สมาชิกเพียงตัว เดียว Simple event is the event where one experiment happens at a time and it will be having a single outcome. 58 compound event (n.) เหตุการณ์ที่มี สมาชิกมากกว่า 1 ตัว Compound event in math involves finding the probability of more than one event occurring at the same time. 59 equally likely event (n.) เหตุการณ์ที่มีโอกาส เกิดขึ้นเท่าๆ กัน Each number on a die is equally likely event to occur when the die is tossed.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 25 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 60 mutually exclusive events (n.) เหตุการณ์ที่เป็น อิสระต่อกัน Mutually exclusive events are two events that cannot take place at the same time. 61 incompatible events (n.) เหตุการณ์ที่ไม่เกิด ร่วมกัน With incompatible events, it is impossible for both events to happen at the same time, since it is not possible for a single question to be both true and false. 62 toss (n.) การทอย Most people assume the toss of a coin is always a 50/50 probability. 63 unbiased (adj.) เที่ยงตรง Unbiased coin means that the probability of heads is the same as the probability of tails, each being ½.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 27 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 1 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 physical change (n.) การเปลี่ยนแปลง ทางกายภาพ The change of the state is a physical change. 2 chemical change (n.) การเปลี่ยนแปลง ทางเคมี Rust forming on the metal is another example of a chemical change. 3 reversible changes (n.) การเปลี่ยนแปลงท ี่ ผันกลับได้ Melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, condensation, dissolution and changing the shape of a substance are examples of reversible changes. 4 irreversible changes (n.) การเปลี่ยนแปลงท ี่ ผันกลับไม่ได้ Irreversible changes are permanent changes that cannot be undone. Cooking, baking, frying, burning, mixing, rusting, and heating are examples of irreversible changes. 5 dissolution (n.) การละลาย The dissolution of the ice made a large puddle in the playground. 6 expansion (n.) การขยาย Heat causes the expansion of gases. 7 contraction (n.) การหดตัว The hot metal undergoes contraction as it cools. 8 burning (n.) การเผาไหม้ The fire was burning down, so she added more wood.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 28 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND CHAPTER 2 : ATOMIC STRUCTURE No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 9 atomos (n.) ไม่สามารถแบ่งต่อ ไปอีก The word atomos, meaning "uncuttable", was coined by the ancient Greek philosophers Leucippus and his pupil Democritus (c. 460 - c. 370 BC) 10 atom (n.) หน่วยที่เล็กที่สุด ของสสาร The atoms are the smallest particles of matter. 11 nucleus (n.) แกนกลางของ อะตอมมีประจุ เป็นบวก The nucleus is the center of the atom. 12 positive charge (n.) ประจุไฟฟ้าบวก Proton has a positive charge. 13 negative charge (n.) ประจุไฟฟ้าลบ Electron has a negative charge. 14 electron (n.) อนุภาคที่มี ประจุไฟฟ้าเป็นลบ There are seven electrons in a Nitrogen atom. 15 proton (n.) อนุภาคที่มี ประจุไฟฟ้า เป็นบวก Protons have a positive charge and a mass of 1,836 times that of the electron, at 1.6726×10-27 kg. 16 neutron (n.) อนุภาคเป็นกลาง ทางไฟฟ้า The subatomic particle that has no charge is called neutron. 17 subatomic particles (n.) อนุภาคย่อยของ อะตอม The particles that are smaller than the atom are called subatomic particles. 18 electrically neutral (n.) เป็นกลางทาง ไฟฟ้า In any atom, the number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons, meaning that the atom is electrically neutral.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 29 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 19 atomic number or proton number (n.) จำ�ำนวนโปรตอนท ี่ อยู่ในนิวเคลียส The number of protons in the nucleus is called proton number or atomic number. 20 mass number or nucleon number (n.) ตัวเลขที่บอก จำ�ำนวนอนุภาคใน นิวเคลียสของ อะตอม The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom is called nucleon number or mass number. 21 isotopes (n.) อะตอมของธาตุ ชนิดเดียวกันซึ่งใน นิวเคลียสมีจำ�ำนวน โปรตอนเท่ากันแต่ มีจำ�ำนวนวน นิวตรอนต่างกัน There are three isotopes of a hydrogen atom. 22 isobars (n.) ธาตุต่างชนิดกัน แต่มีเลขมวล เท่ากัน The carbon atom 14 6 C and the nitrogen atom 14 7 N are isobars. 23 isotones (n.) ธาตุต่างชนิดกัน แต่มีจำ�ำนวน นิวตรอนเท่ากัน The nitrogen atom 15 7 N and the oxygen atom 15 8 O are isotones 24 radioisotopes (n.) ไอโซโทปของธาตุ ที่ไม่เสถียรมีการ สลายเพื่อลดระดับ พลังงานโดยการ ปลดปล่อยรังสี ออกมา Atoms which are not stable and break down, releasing radiation are called radioisotopes. 25 radiation (n.) การแผ่รังสี Radiation is energy that is transmitted in the form of waves or streams of particles.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 30 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 26 fossil (n.) ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ A fossil is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. 27 carbon dating (n.) การคำ�ำนวณอายุ ของวัตถุเก่าแก่ โดยดูจากปริมาณ คาร์บอน-14 Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. 28 electronic configuration (n.) การจัดเรียน อิเล็กตรอน Electronic configuration of lithium is 2, 1. 29 valence shell (n.) เชลล์อิเล็กตรอนท ี่ มีเลขควอนตัม หลักสูงที่สุดที่มี อิเล็กตรอนบรรจุอยู่ The outermost shell of an atom is called valence shell. 30 valence electron (n.) อิเล็กตรอนที่ระดับ ชั้นพลังงานสูงสุด ของอะตอม The number valence electron of an alkali metal is one. CHAPTER 3 : PERIODIC TABLE No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 31 periodic table (n.) ตารางที่นัก วิทยาศาสตร์ได้ รวบรวมมาตูต่างๆ ไว้เป็นหมวดหมู่ ตามลักษณะและ คุณสมบัติที่เหมือน กันเพื่อเป็นประโยชน์ ในการศึกษา The periodic table is a list all the elements that are known to us 32 period (n.) คาบ, เป็นการจัด ธาตุตามแนวนอน Horizontal rows of elements in the PT are called periods.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 31 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 33 group (n.) หมู่, เป็นการจัด ธาตุตามแนวดิ่ง Vertical columns of elements in the PT are called groups. 34 metal (n.) ธาตุโลหะ A metal is a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity 35 non-metal (n.) ธาตุอโลหะ Non-metals are the elements which form negative ions by accepting or gaining electrons. 36 metalloids (n.) ธาตุกึ่งโลหะ A metalloid is an element that has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. 37 chemical properties (n.) สมบัติทางเคมี A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that may be observed when it participates in a chemical reaction. 38 physical properties (n.) สมบัติทาง กายภาพ Examples of physical properties are color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point and density. 39 basic oxide (n.) สารประกอบ ออกไซด์ของโลหะ เมื่อละลายน้�้ำำจะได้ สารละลายที่เป็นเบส A basic oxide is an oxide that shows basic properties in opposition to acidic oxides and that either reacts with water to form a base. 40 acidic oxide (n.) สารประกอบ ออกไซด์ของ อโลหะเมื่อละลาย น้�้ำำจะได้สารละลาย ที่เป็นกรด Acidic oxides, or acid anhydride, are oxides that react with water to form an acid, or with a base to form a salt.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 32 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 41 amphoteric oxide (n.) สารประกอบ ออกไซด์ของกึ่ง โลหะเมื่อละลายน้�้ำำ จะได้สารละลายท ี่ เป็นทั้งกรดและเบส An amphoteric oxide is an oxide that can act as either an acid or base in a reaction to produce a salt and water. 42 atomic size (n.) ขนาดอะตอม The atomic size can be estimated by measuring the distance between adjacent atoms in a covalent compound. 43 ionization energy (n.) ค่าพลังงานปริมาณ ที่น้อยสุดที่ใช้ใน การดึงอิเล็กตรอน วงนอกสุดหลุด ออกจากอะตอมท ี่ อยู่ในสภาวะกาซ The general trend of ionization energy is its increase moving from left to right across an element period. 44 electron affinity (n.) พลังงานที่อะตอม ในสถานะก๊าซคาย ออกมาเมื่อได้รับ อิเล็กตรอน The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion. 45 electronegativity (n.) ความสามารถใน การดึงดูด อิเล็กตรอนในพันธะ เข้ามาหาตัวเอง As you move across the periodic table from left to right the electronegativity increases while it decreases as you move down a group of elements. 46 alkali metals (n.) ชื่อของธาตุหมู่ที่ 1A All elements in group one are called alkali metals. 47 alkaline earth metals (n.) ชื่อธาตุหมู่ที่ 2A The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 33 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 48 halogens (n.) ชื่อธาตุหมู่ 7A The name halogen means saltproducing. 49 reducing agent (n.) สารที่ให้ อิเล็กตรอน A reducing agent is a substance that tends to bring about reduction by being oxidized and loses electrons 50 oxidizing agent (n.) สารที่รับ อิเล็กตรอน An oxidizing agent is a reactant that removes electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. 51 noble gases (n.) ก๊าซมีตระกูล Noble gases like neon is used as bright lights in sign boards which glow at night. CHAPTER 4 : COMPOUNDS OF LIFE No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 52 cation (n.) ไอออนที่มีประจุ บวก Metals lose electrons and form positive ions called cations. 53 anion (n.) ไอออนที่มีประจุ ลบ Non-metals gain electrons and form negative ions called anions. 54 electrostatic force (n.) แรงไฟฟ้าสถิต Electrostatic force is the attractive or repulsive force between two electrically charged objects. 55 ionic bonding (n.) พันธะที่เกิดจาก แรงดึงดูดระหว่าง ไอออนบวกและ ไอออนลบ Ionic bond forms when a positively charged ion forms a bond with a negatively charged ions and one atom transfers electrons to another. 56 chemical formulae (n.) สูตรเคมี A chemical formula tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 34 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 57 covalent bonding (n.) พันธะที่เกิดจาก อะตอมของธาตุ อโลหะใช้ อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน เพื่อปรับให้เสถียร เหมือนหมู่ที่ 8A Covalent bond, also called a molecular bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. 58 solubility (n.) การถูกละลายได้ Solubility is the ability of a substance (the solute), to mix into a liquid (the solvent). 59 single bond (n.) พันธะที่เกิดจาก สองอะตอมใช้ อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน 1 คู่ A single bond is a covalent bond formed between two atoms by the sharing of one pair of electrons. 60 double bond (n.) พันธะที่เกิดจาก สองอะตอมใช้ อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน 2 คู่ A double bond is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons. 61 triple bond (n.) พันธะที่เกิดจาก สองอะตอมใช้ อิเล็กตรอนร่วมกัน 3 คู่ A triple bond is a chemical bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms in a molecule. 62 volatility (n.) สารอินทรีย์ ระเหยง่าย Volatility is a measure of how readily a substance vaporizes or transitions from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase. 63 metallic bonding (n.) พันธะโลหะ A metallic bond is a type of chemical bond formed between positively charged atoms in which the free electrons are shared among a lattice of cations
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 35 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL REACTION RATE No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 64 reaction speed (n.) อัตราการเกิด ปฏิกิริยาเคมี The reaction speed is defined as the change in concentration over time. 65 rust (n.) สนิม Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or moisture in air. 66 fermentation (n.) การหมัก Fermentation is the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance. 67 erosion (n.) การกร่อน Chemical erosion, also called chemical weathering, causes the breakdown and decay of rocks or other geological features through a chemical process. 68 ignition (n.) การติดไฟ Ignition is a form of combustion, exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. 69 reactant (n.) สารตั้งต้น Reactants are substances initially present in a chemical reaction that are consumed during the reaction to make products. 70 product (n.) สารผลิตภัณฑ์ A product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction. 71 concentration (n.) ความเข้มข้น Concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 36 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 72 surface area (n.) พื้นที่ผิวหน้า The surface area is simply the area of all of the outside surfaces of a three-dimensional object. 73 collision theory (n.) การชน Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, the reacting particles must collide with one another. 74 activation energy (n.) พลังงานท ี่ ต่�่ำำที่สุด ที่ใช้เพื่อกระตุ้น ปฏิกิริยาทางเคมี Activation Energy is the least possible amount of energy (minimum) which is required to start a reaction. 75 catalyst (n.) สารที่ทำ�ำหน้าที่เร่ง ปฏิกิริยาเคมี A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not consumed in the process. CHAPTER 6 : MACROMOLECULES No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 76 organic compound (n.) สารประกอบที่เกิด จากสิ่งมีชีวิต Organic compound is any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. 77 homologous series (n.) สารประกอบ อินทรีย์ที่มีสูตร โมเลกุลเดียวกัน A homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. 78 alternative fuels (n.) พลังงานทดแทน Alternative fuels are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 37 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 79 functional group (n.) โครงสร้างย่อยของ โมเลกุลที่มี องค์ประกอบและ โครงสร้าง เฉพาะตัว A functional group is defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner, which gives the chemical properties of the organic compound and are the centers for chemical reactivity. 80 hydrocarbon (n.) สารประกอบอินทรี ที่ประกอบด้วยธาตุ คาร์บอนและ ไฮโดรเจนเท่านั้น In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. 81 alkane (n.) สารประกอบ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนท ี่ พันธะระหว่าง คาร์บอนยึดเหนี่ยว ด้วยพันธะเดี่ยว An alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. 82 alkene (n.) สารประกอบ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนท ี่ พันธะระหว่าง คาร์บอนยึดเหนี่ยว ด้วยพันธะคู่ 1 พันธะ An alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond 83 alkyne (n.) สารประกอบ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนท ี่ พันธะระหว่าง คาร์บอนยึดเหนี่ยว ด้วยพันธะสาม1 พันธะ An alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. 84 fractional distillation (n.) การกลั่นลำ�ำดับส่วน Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 38 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 85 petroleum (n.) สารผสมของ ไฮโดรคาร์บอนท ี่ เกิดเองตาม ธรรมชาติ Petroleum or crude oil is any naturally-occurring flammable mixture of hydrocarbons found in geologic formations, such as rock strata. 86 natural gas (n.) แก๊สชีวภาพชนิด หนึ่งเกิดจากการ ทับถมของสิ่งมี ชีวิตทั้งพืชและ สัตว์เป็นเวลานับ หลายล้านปี Natural gas (also called fossil gas) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane. 87 oil refinery (n.) โรงกลั่นน้�้ำำมัน An oil refinery is an industrial plant that refines crude oil into petroleum products such as diesel, gasoline and heating oils. 88 fractionating column (n.) หอกลั่น A fractionating column or fractional column is an essential item used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in volatilities. 89 renewable resource (n.) แหล่งทรัพยากรท ี่ ใช้ไม่หมดสิ้น A renewable resource is a resource which can be used repeatedly and replaced naturally. 90 biodiesel (n.) น้�้ำำมันเชื้อเพลิง ชีวภาพที่ผ่านการ ผลิตจากน้�้ำำมันพืช หรือไขมันจากสัตว์ ผสมกับเอทานอล Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel derived from plants or animals and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. 91 biodegradable (adj.) ย่อยสลายได้ตาม ธรรมชาติ Examples of biodegradable substances are dead plants and animals, their waste, fruits, vegetables, flower, paper, etc.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 39 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 92 polymer (n.) สารประกอบที่มี โมเลกุลขนาดใหญ่ Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. 93 polymerization (n.) ปฏิกิริยา การเตรียมสาร โมเลกุลขนาดใหญ่ จากสารโมเลกุล ขนาดเล็ก Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. 94 monomer (n.) สารโมเลกุลขนาด เล็กที่ใช้เตรียมสาร โมเลกุลขนาดใหญ่ A monomer is a small molecule that reacts with a similar molecule to form a larger molecule. 95 addition polymer (n.) โพลิเมอร์เกิดจาก ปฏิกิริยาการเติม Addition polymer is a polymer formed by the direct reaction of two or more monomers, and with no resulting water or other by-product. 96 condensation polymer (n.) โพลิเมอร์เกิดจาก ปฏิกิริยาการ ควบแน่น Condensation polymers are any kind of polymers formed through a condensation reaction-where molecules join together-losing small molecules as byproducts such as water or methanol. 97 vulcanization (n.) กระบานการทางเคมี ที่ก่อให้เกิดการ เชื่อมโยงระหว่าง โมเลกุลของยาง Vulcanization is a chemical process in which the rubber is heated with sulphur, accelerator and activator at 140 - 160o C. 98 synthetic polymer (n.) พอลิเมอร์ สังเคราะห์ Synthetic polymers are human-made polymers derived from petroleum oil.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 40 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 99 natural polymer (n.) พอลิเมอร์ ธรรมชาติ Natural Polymers are those substances which are obtained naturally. 100 saponification (n.) ปฏิกิริยาการเตรี ยมสบู่ Saponification is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called "soap." EARTH SCIENCE (GEOLOGY) No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 geology (n.) สาขาวิชาที่ศึกษา องค์ประกอบ โครงสร้้างและ กระบวนการตาม ธรรมชาติของโลก Geology is the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it 2 astronomy (n.) วิชาที่ว่าด้วยเรื่อง วัตถุบนท้องฟ้า เช่น ดวงดาว ระบบจักรวาล ทางช้างเผือก Astronomy is the branch of science which deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. 3 meteorology (n.) วิชาที่กล่าวถึงเรื่อง ราวของบรรยากาศ Meteorology is a science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena and especially with weather and weather forecasting 4 oceanography (n.) การศึกษาเกี่ยวกับ มหาสมุทร Oceanography is the branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 41 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 5 crust (n.) ชั้นเปลือกโลก The crust is the outermost layer of Earth. 6 mantle (n.) ชั้นเนื้อโลก The mantle is the thick layer of hot, solid rock between the Earth's crust and the molten iron core. 7 core (n.) ชั้นแก่นโลก The center of the Earth is made up of two layers, the outer core and the inner core. 8 convection (n.) วิธีการถ่ายเทความ ร้อนที่เกิดขึ้นใน ของเหลว Convection is a type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, because it involves those liquids or gases physically moving. 9 continental crust (n.) เปลือกโลกบริเวณ พื้นทวีป Continental crust is thicker, 22 miles (35 km) on average and less dense than oceanic crust, which accounts for its mean surface elevation of about 3 miles (4.8 km). 10 oceanic crust (n.) เปลือกโลกบริเวณ พื้นมหาสมุทร Oceanic crust is the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that is found under the oceans. 11 lithosphere (n.) ธรณีภาค Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. 12 asthenosphere (n.) ฐานธรณีภาค The asthenosphere is the highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of the Earth.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 42 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 13 seismic wave (n.) คลื่นเกิดจากแผ่น ดินไหว These seismic waves in the crust are what people feel when they experience an earthquake. 14 meteorite (n.) ลูกอุกาบาต The fossil indicators seeped in after the meteorite hit Earth. 15 continental drift (n.) การเลื่อนไหลของ ทวีป Wegener proposed his theory of continental drift but could not explain how continents move. 16 continental drift theory (n.) ทฤษฎีการไหล เลื่อนตัวของทวีป Fossil remains of similar organisms on widely disparate continents support the continental drift theory. 17 pangaea (n.) ผืนแผ่นดิน เดียวกัน Pangaea existed when all of the Earth's continents were one big continent. 18 seafloor spread- ing (n.) การขยายตัวของ พื้นทะเล As the seafloor spreading axis moves along the margin, thermal uplift produces a ridge. 20 mid oceanic ridge (n.) เทือกสันเขาใต้ มหาสมุทร Geography and mid ocean ridges, contributed greatly to the theory of plate tectonics. 21 trench (n.) ร่องลึกใต้ทะเล Moving away from the mid-ocean ridge, ocean depth progressively increases; the greatest depths are in ocean trenches. 22 abyssal plain (n.) ที่ราบก้น มหาสมุทร The continental margin, between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain, comprises a steep continental slope followed by the flatter continental rise.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 43 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 23 plate (n.) แผ่นเปลือกโลก Subduction of dense cold plates into the mantle leads to plate tectonics. 24 plate boundary (n.) แนวรอยต่อของ แผ่นเปลือกโลก There are three types of plate boundaries : constructive, destructive and transform. 25 divergent plate boundary (n.) แนวแผ่นเปลือก โลกเคลื่อนที่แยก ออกจากกัน Mid-ocean ridges are divergent boundaries that push apart two plates. 26 convergent plate boundary (n.) แนวแผ่นเปลือก โลกเคลื่อนที่ลู่ เข้าหากัน Convergent plate boundaries are formed where one plate dives under another. 27 transform plate boundary (n.) แนวแผ่นเปลือก โลกเคลื่อนที่ผ่าน กัน The San Andreas Fault, a transform boundary, runs south from the junction, separating the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. 28 subduction zone (n.) บริเวณเปลือกโลก มุดตัว Above subduction zones, volcanoes exist in long chains called volcanic arcs. 29 subduction (n.) การมุดตัวของแผ่น เปลือกโลก Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. 30 fault (n.) รอยแยก Fault is the break in the earth’s crust. 31 volcano (n.) ภูเขาไฟ The dormant volcano, sitting 10,000 feet above sea level, is located inside a self-named national park. 32 magma chamber (n.) แอ่งบรรจุหินหนืด As the volcano fractured, gases and volatiles escaped from the magma chamber.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 44 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 33 magma (n.) หินหนืดที่พบใต้ชั้น เปลือกโลก The magma that comes from the ground during a volcanic eruption is referred to as lava. 34 lava (n.) หินหนืดที่พบบน ชั้นเปลือกโลก The magma that comes from the ground during a volcanic eruption is referred to as lava. 35 crater ปล่องภูเขาไฟ This crater is still active. 36 volcanic cone (n.) ภูเขาไฟรูปทรง กรวย Volcanic cone is a conical hill produced by volcanic eruption of ash, cinders, or lava. 37 composite volcano (n.) ภูเขาไฟรูปกรวย, กรวดภูเขาไฟ Mount Papandayan is a large composite volcano. 38 shield volcano (n.) ภูเขาไฟรูปโล่ Mount Alayta is a shield volcano in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. 39 cinder cone volcano (n.) กรวยภูเขาไฟสลับ ชั้น The animal was seen Saturday evening near the summit of Pilot Butte, a 500-foot-tall extinct cinder cone volcano. 40 stratovolcano (n.) กรวยภูเขาไฟสลับ ชั้น Mount Iriga is a stratovolcano about a kilometer from Lake Buhi. 41 ring of fire (n.) วงแหวนแห่งไฟ Volcanoes in Indonesia are a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. 42 hotspot (n.) บริเวณที่มีความ ร้อนมากผิดจาก ปกติบนผิวโลก The ridge was formed by the Nazca Plate moving over the Easter hotspot. 43 active volcano (n.) ภูเขาไฟที่มีพลัง The presence of so many active volcanoes is partially compensated by a wealth of mineral springs.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 45 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 44 dormant volcano (n.) ภูเขาไฟที่สงบ In Owen's Valley is a fine group of extinct or dormant volcanoes. 45 extinct volcano (n.) ภูเขาไฟที่ดับแล้ว In three of them the volcanoes are entirely extinct, while the fourth is still in great activity. 46 pyroclastic (adj.) เศษหินหรือกระ ตอนที่ได้จากการ ระเบิดภูเขาไฟ Pyroclastic fragmental volcanic material that has been blown into the atmosphere by an explosive eruption. 47 hot spring (n.) บ่อน้�้ำำพุร้อน Iceland is full of hot springs, beautifully coloured rocks, and other natural wonders. 48 geysers (n.) น้�้ำำพุร้อนที่พุ่งขึ้น จากใต้ดินเป็น ช่วงๆ The geysers and other hot springs are due to the same causes as the active volcanoes, and the earthquakes are probably manifestations of the same forces. 49 earthquake (n.) แผ่นดินไหว Much damage has been done by earthquakes from time to time. 50 epicenter (n.) ศูนย์กลางแผ่นดิน ไหวที่อยู่บนชั้น เปลือกโลก Because Dan was unlucky enough to be standing on the epicenter of an enormous earthquake, he was killed on the spot. 51 focus (n.) ศูนย์กลางแผ่นดิน ไหวที่อยู่ใต้ชั้น เปลือกโลก The focus is also called the hypocenter of an earthquake. 52 seismograph (n.) เครื่องมือวัดและ บันทึกความสั่น สะเทือนที่เกิดจาก แผ่นดินไหว The goal of a seismograph is to accurately record the motion of the ground during a quake.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 46 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 53 seismologist (n.) นักวิทยาศาสตร์ท ี่ ศึกษาเกี่ยวกับแผ่น ดินไหว Seismologists study earthquakes by going out and looking at the damage caused by the earthquakes and by using seismographs. 54 thrust fault (n.) รอยเลื่อนย้อนมุม ต่�่ำำ A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault that has a dip of 45 degrees or less. 55 normal fault (n.) รอยเลื่อนปกติ A normal fault is a fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. 56 reverse fault (n.) รอยเลื่อนย้อน A reverse fault is one in which one side of the fault, the hanging wall, moves up and over the other side, the foot wall. 57 footwall (n.) ผนังพื้น The block of rock that lies on the underside of an inclined fault or of a mineral deposit is called footwall. 58 love wave (n.) คลื่นพื้นผิวท ี่ เคลื่อนที่ได้เร็วที่สุด โดยจะเคลื่อนท ี่ ในลักษณะจาก ด้านหนึ่งไปอีก ด้านหนึ่ง Love wave is a type of seismic surface wave in which particles move with a side-to-side motion perpendicular to the main propagation of the earthquake. 59 pillow lava (n.) หินหนืดที่เกิดใต้น้�้ำำ Pillow lavas are lavas that contain characteristic pillow-shaped structures that are attributed to the extrusion of the lava under water, or subaqueous extrusion. 60 richter scale (n.) หน่วยที่ใช้วัดความ รุนแรงของ แผ่นดินไหว Richter scale is a logarithmic scale used to rate the strength or total energy of earthquakes.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 47 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 61 rayleigh waves (n.) คลื่นที่มีความเร็ว น้อยที่สุด Rayleigh wave is a seismic surface wave causing the ground to shake in an elliptical motion, with no transverse, or perpendicular, motion. 62 secondary wave (n.) คลื่นทุติยภูมิ สามารถเคลื่อนท ี่ ผ่านของแข็งได้ เท่านั้น Secondary wave is a wave motion in a solid medium where the medium moves perpendicular to the direction of the travel of the wave. 63 mineralogist (n.) นักแร่วิทยา Mineralogist is the scientist who study about minerals 64 mineral (n.) แร่ All rocks are made up of minerals. 65 cleavage (n.) แนวกะเทาะ In earth science, cleavage refers to how some minerals break along flat planes when exposed to stress, such as being hit with a hammer. 66 fracture (n.) ทำ�ำให้แตกร้าว Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break along curved surfaces without a definite shape. 67 hardness (n.) ความแข็็งของแร่่ The degree of hardness is determined by observing the comparative ease or difficulty with which one mineral is scratched by another or by a steel tool. 68 luster (n.) ความสว่างของ พื้นผิว Luster is a property that describes how light is reflected on the surface of a mineral 69 streak (n.) สีของผงแร่ The streak of a mineral is the color it displays in finely powdered form.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 48 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 70 gemstone (n.) เพชรพลอยที่ยังไม่ เจียระนัย A gem, or gemstone, is a type of material that is capable of being cut and polished for use in jewelry or other ornamental applications. 71 ore (n.) สินแร่ที่มีคุณค่า ทางเศรษฐกิจ There are mainly four types of ores such as Oxides; Carbonate Ores; Sulphide; Halide Ores. 72 chemical composition (n.) องค์ประกอบทาง เคมีของสาร Chemical composition is the arrangement, type, and ratio of atoms in molecules of chemical substances. 73 erosion (n.) การสึกกร่อน Erosion can be caused by natural elements such as wind and glacial ice 74 sediment (n.) ตะกอน Sediment is solid material that is moved and deposited in a new location. 75 weathering (n.) การผุพังอยู่กับท ี่ Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms 76 outcrop (n.) ชั้นหินโผล่ Outcrop is an area of bedrock (solid rock that supports the earth above it) that can be seen at the surface of the earth 77 solidify(v.) ทำ�ำให้แข็งตัว Work is under way to solidify the concrete that supports the building. 78 igneous rock (n.) หินอัคนี Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.