MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 49 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 79 sedimentary rock (n.) หินตะกอนหรือ หินชั้น Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. 80 metamorphic rock (n.) หินแปร A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. 81 cementation (n.) กระบวนการเชื่อม ประสาน Cementation is the last stage in the formation of a sedimentary rock. 82 compaction (n.) การอัดแน่น Compaction is what happens when something is crushed or compressed. 83 lithification (n.) กระบวนการกลาย เป็นหิน Lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation. 84 precipitation (n.) การตกตะกอน The emergence of the insoluble solid from solution is called precipitation. 85 foliation (n.) การเกิดริ้วขนาน Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks 86 contact metamorphism (n.) การแปรสภาพ สัมผัส Contact metamorphism is the name given to the changes that take place when magma is injected in the surrounding solid rock (country rock). 87 regional metamorphism (n.) การแปรสภาพที่่ บริิเวณกว้้างใหญ่่ไพศาล Regional metamorphism occurs when rocks are buried deep in the crust. 88 fossil (n.) ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ Fossils are part of a plant or animal, or its shape, that has been preserved in rock or earth for a very long period
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 50 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 89 fossilization (n.) กระบวนการเกิิด ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ Fossilization often results in the impression of an organism being left in a rock. 90 index fossil (n.) ดัชนี ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ Index fossil is the fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found. 91 living fossil (n.) ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ท ี่ มีชีวิต living fossil is an organism (such as a horseshoe crab or a ginkgo tree) that has remained essentially unchanged from earlier geologic times and whose close relatives are usually extinct 92 cast (n.) รูปพิมพ์ An example of a cast fossil is a cast of a plant leave or trilobite. 93 mold (n.) แบบพิมพ์ Mold is a hollow container used to give shape to molten or hot liquid material (such as wax or metal) when it cools and hardens. 94 Permineralization (n.) กระบวนการเกิดแร่ ในช่องว่างของ ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ Permineralization is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. 95 body fossil (n.) ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ เป็นรูปร่างของสิ่ง มีชีวิต Most body fossils are of hard parts such as teeth, bones, shells, or woody trunks, branches, and stems. 96 trace fossil (n.) ซากดึกดำ�ำบรรพ์ ร่องรอยของสิ่งมี ชีวิต Trace fossils provide us with indirect evidence of life in the past, such as the footprints, tracks, burrows, borings, and feces left behind by animals. 97 extinction (n.) การสูญพันธ์ Extinction is part of evolution.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 51 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 98 superposition (n.) การซ้อนทับ Principle of Superposition stats that in an undisturbed sequence of strata, the rocks on the bottom are older than the rocks on the top. 99 relative age (n.) อายุของชั้นหินท ี่ เกิดจากการเปรียบ เทียบ The relative age of a rock is its age in comparison with other rocks. 100 absolute age (n.) อายุที่แท้จริงของ ชั้นหิน The absolute age of an Earth material is a measure of how old it actually is in years. 101 half life (n.) ครึ่งชีวิต Scientists measure the rate of radio- active decay with a unit called halflife. 102 varve (n.) ชั้นของตะกอน A varve is a pair of sedimentary layers deposited in lakes by water that has melted from a glacier. 103 tree ring (n.) วงปี Tree ring patterns provide clues about climates of the past.
SOCIAL STUDIES
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 53 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY SOCIAL STUDIES UNIT 1 : JUDAISM No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 monotheistic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับความเชื่อ ว่าพระเจ้ามีองค์ เดียว Monotheistic belief system usually viewed upon believing in one god or deity. 2 transcendent (adj.) เหนือธรรมชาติ The star player's transcendent performance helped the team to a surprise victory. 3 accordance (n.) การทำ�ำให้ สอดคล้อง In accordance with the school’s policies, The students are supposed to have short hair. 4 scriptures (n.) คัมภีร์ According to Holy Scripture, God created the world in six days. 5 rabbinic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับกฎหมาย ยิว However, the closest and most relevant parallel may be found in rabbinic literature. 6 innumerable (adj.) ซึ่งนับไม่ถ้วน The project has been delayed by innumerable problems. 7 ancestral (adj.) ที่ได้จากบรรพบุรุษ Her musical gifts are a kind of ancestral heritage passed to her from her grandmother. 8 primal (adj.) ที่มีมาดั้งเดิม The universe evolved from a densely packed primal inferno.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 54 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 9 affirmation (n.) การยืนยัน We welcome the government's affirmation of its intention to act. 10 divine (adj.) เกี่ยวกับสวรรค์ Some fans seem to regard the players as divine beings. 11 intimate (adj.) คุ้นเคย The dining room is plush and intimate, set off by some of the most extravagant floral arrangements in the city. 12 disclosure (n.) การเปิดเผย Any public disclosure of this information would be very damaging to the company. 13 presence (n.) การประพฤติตัว She was overawed by the presence of so many people. 14 unique (adj.) แตกต่าง, โดดเด่น Each person's genetic code is unique except in the case of identical twins. 15 sovereignty (n.) อำ�ำนาจสูงสุดใน การปกครอง ประเทศ The sovereignty of the Native Hawaiian race was recognized at the time Hawaii became a state. 16 covenant (n.) ข้อตกลงร่วมกัน Covenants in the ancient world were solemn agreements 17 obedience (n.) อ่อนน้อม He demands unquestioning obedience from his soldiers. 18 summons (n.) การออกหมาย เรียก Mr Clarke's insurance company had issued summons for unpaid mortgage loan. 19 concrete (n.) คอนกรีต The bomb shelter has concrete walls that are three metres thick.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 55 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 20 intimate (adj.) คุ้นเคย The father of three children by three women doesn't have a girlfriend and says he hasn't been intimate with anyone in two months. UNIT 2 : ISLAM No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 promulgate (v.) ประกาศใช้ The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year. 2 illuminate (v.) ทำ�ำให้สว่าง The streets were illuminated with strings of coloured lights. 3 fundamental (n.) รากฐาน We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment. 4 consummate (adj.) ที่เชี่ยวชาญ He lives a life of consummate happiness 5 monotheism (n.) ความเชื่อว่า พระเจ้ามีองค์เดียว Monotheism characterizes the traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and elements of the belief are discernible in numerous other religions 6 adherence (n.) การยึดมั่น He was noted for his strict adherence to the rules. 7 sectarian (adj.) เกี่ยวกับนิกาย ย่อยๆ ในศาสนา He called on terrorists on both sides of the sectarian divide to end the cycle of violence. 8 nascent (adj.) พึ่งเริ่มใหม่ He has established a nascent political party.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 56 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 9 conspicuous (adj.) ที่เห็นได้ชัดเจน In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous. 10 socioeconomic (adj.) เศรษฐกิจเชิงสังคม College Board officials said the difficulties arise more from socioeconomic than from ethnic differences. 11 ethos (n.) ลักษณะพื้นฐาน ทางด้านสังคมที่มี ร่วมกันของกลุ่มคน The ethos of the traditional family firm is being threatened. 12 secular (adj.) เกี่ยวกับทางโลก We live in an increasingly secular society, in which religion has less influence on our daily lives. 13 distinguish (v.) จำ�ำแนกความ แตกต่าง It is not easy to distinguish Thai from Filipinos. 14 commission (n.) คณะกรรมการ The government has set up a commission to investigate the problem of inner city violence. 15 astonish (v.) ทำ�ำให้ประหลาดใจ I was astonished by how much she'd grown. 16 egalitarianism (n.) ลัทธิความเสมอภาค Some people believe in egalitarianism. 17 discrimination (n.) การแบ่งแยก Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such blatant discrimination is now disappearing. 18 autonomy (n.) การปกครอง ตนเอง The universities want to preserve their autonomy from central government. 19 inaugurated (v.) เริ่มต้น The new building was inaugurated last week.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 57 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 20 catalytic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับการเร่ง The compounds are formed through a catalytic reaction called oxidation. UNIT 3 : CHRISTIANITY No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 constituency (n.) ผู้ที่มีสิทธิเลือกตั้ง ในเขตเลือกตั้ง He angered his constituency by voting against the bill. 2 christology (n.) คริสต์ศาสนาวิทยา Christology is the part of theology that is concerned with the nature and work of Jesus, including such matters as the Incarnation, the Resurrection, and his human and divine natures and their relationship. 3 denominational (adj.) เกี่ยวกับการตั้งชื่อ, เกี่ยวกับนิกาย A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity. 4 transcend (v.) อยู่เหนือ The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers. 5 charismatic (adj.) ที่มีเสน่ห์ดึงดูด Few were able to resist this charismatic and persuasive leader. 6 manifestations (n.) การแสดงให้เห็น อย่างเด่นชัด She claimed that the rise in unemployment was just a further manifestation of the government's incompetence. 7 outreach (n.) การเผยแพร่ The centre was awarded a grant for outreach to the homeless. 8 testament (n.) หนังสือพระคัมภีร์ The detail of her wildlife paintings is a testament to her powers of observation.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 58 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 9 artifacts (n.) สิ่งเทียม The museum has artifacts dating back to prehistoric times. 10 merely (adv.) เพียงเท่านั้น I wasn't complaining, It was merely the expression of being tired. 11 polytheism (n.) พหุเทวนิยม Sometimes above the many gods a polytheistic religion will have a supreme creator and focus of devotion, as in certain phases of Hinduism. 12 salvation (n.) ความหลุดพ้น, การไถ่บาป Salvation by faith through grace is the fundamental belief of Christians. 13 redemption (n.) การไถ่ถอน Redemption from the evil bonds and setting our souls free is a priority for believers. 14 plight (n.) สภาพเลวร้าย The plight of the poor/homeless is increasing day by day. 15 intrinsic (adj.) เนื้อแท้, แท้จริง, ที่อยู่ภายใน Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum. 16 devotees (n.) ผู้อุทิศตัว He is a great devotee of the prime minister. 17 salivate (v.) ทำ�ำให้น้�้ำำลายออก The dog was salivating. 18 gospels (n.) คำ�ำสอนของพระ เยซู Gospels can also mean god stories. 19 primitive (adj.) แบบดั้งเดิม Primitive races colonized these islands 2,000 years ago. 20 metaphor (n.) คำ�ำอุปมา Metaphor and simile are the most commonly used figures of speech in everyday language.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 59 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND GEOGRAPHY UNIT 1 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 visible (adj.) ที่สามารถมองเห็น ได้ You should wear some light-coloured clothes when you're cycling at night so that you're more visible. 2 anthropology (n.) มานุษยวิทยา At least three aspects of philosophical anthropology have been of prime interest to philosophers of religion. 3 classify (v.) จัดกลุ่ม A screen-printing firm can have as many as 500 employees and still be classified as a small business. 4 several (adj.) หลากหลาย We are striving to reach an agreement which will satisfy the several interests of the parties concerned. 5 extensive (adj.) กว้างขวาง Elections may be nominally free, but governments engage in extensive gerrymandering, manipulation of voter registration and harassment of opposition parties. 6 landform (n.) ธรณีสัณฐาน The differentiating criterion is the extension of surface vestiges and the different possible landform transformations. 7 settlement (n.) การจัดการ It now seems unlikely that it will be possible to negotiate/reach a peaceful settlement of the conflict. 8 withstand (v.) ทนต่อ The bridge is designed to withstand earthquakes.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 60 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 9 fossil (n.) ซากพืชหรือสัตว์ท ี่ เป็นหิน Chitinozoans and a few graptolites were found in the unit, but no other fossils. 10 mineral (n.) แร่่ A healthy diet should supply all necessary vitamins and minerals. 11 cereal (n.) ธัญพืช Do you want cereal or eggs? 12 suitability (n.) ความคู่ควร, There were doubts about his suitability for the job. 13 interaction (n.) ปฏิกิริยา There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. 14 mountainous (adj.) ที่เป็นภูเขาสูง This area is mountainous region. 15 deposition (n.) การทับถมกันของ สสาร Before the court case, we had to give a deposition. 16 adequate (adj.) พอเพีียง Have we got adequate food for 20 guests? 17 prominent (adj.) ที่ยื่นออกมา The government should be playing a more prominent role in promoting human rights. 18 moisture (adj.) ความชื้น These plants need a rich soil that retains moisture. 19 legend (n.) ตำ�ำนาน The dance was based on several Hindu legends. 20 mangrove (n.) พืชชายเลน Many habitats such as mangroves and wetlands are disappearing fast.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 61 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND UNIT 2 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 peninsula (n.) คาบสมุทร There is a twelve-fold difference in precipitation across the peninsula region. 2 onshore (adj.) ที่อยู่บนฝั่ง The strict regulations imposed by onshore banks make tax evasion difficult. 3 significant (adj.) ซึ่งมีความหมาย There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years. 4 dwarf (adj.) ที่แคระแกร็น You can grow dwarf conifers in pots on the patio. 5 harsh (adj.) กระด้าง The arithmetic was sufficiently unfavorable, even in the short term, certain harsh measures were required. 6 tundra (n.) ที่ราบที่ไม่มีต้นไม้ ในขั้วโลกเหนือ How will the tundra-taiga interface respond to climate change? 7 polar (adj.) เกี่ยวกับขั้วโลก Three polar assumptions about economic openness are successively handled. 8 shrubs (n.) ไม้พุ่ม Shrubs are usually seen during dry season due to lack of rainfall. 9 farther (adj.) ไกลออกไปอีก The distance is much farther than I expected. 10 taiga (n.) ป่าสนผลัดใบ Four patterns are discerned here in the cycle of the northern biotype in the zones of tundra and taiga. 11 possess (v.) เป็นเจ้าของ She was possessed by the devil.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 62 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 12 grassy (adj.) ซึ่งปกคลุมด้วย หญ้า Only a small area was affordable and is used to line the grassy courtyard. 13 erosion (n.) การกัดกร่อน Heavy rainfall and harsh weather conditions contribute to soil erosion from time to time. 14 ancient (adj.) เก่า The ancient structures and monuments stand as a witness for the glorious past. 15 sedimentation (n.) การทับถมของ ตะกอนเป็นชั้นหิน Sedimentation of the coal-bearing succession was controlled by both autogenic and allogenic factors. 16 marsh (n.) แอ่งน้�้ำำ The marshes along the coast are home to many shorebirds. 17 coniferous (adj.) เกี่ยวกับต้นสน The belt of coniferous forest is dominated by evergreen pine, spruce, larch and fir trees. 18 deciduous (adj.) ซึ่งผลัดใบ The semi-deciduous forest canopy in the area is c. 35 - 40 m high. 19 coastal (adj.) ที่ใกล้ชายฝั่ง The introduction of modern machines has improved the effectiveness of coastal rice-growing technology. 20 glacier (n.) ธารน้�้ำำแข็ง Nearly 50% of the shoreline is dominated by the caving ice fronts of the large outlet glaciers. UNIT 3 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 rear (adj.) หลัง There's a sticker on the rear window.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 63 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 2 plateau (n.) ที่ราบสูง Most of the plateau region is dry and less vegetative. 3 meteorology (n.) อุตุนิยมวิทยา The meteorology department has updated the weather forecast an hour ago. 4 archaeology (n.) โบราณคดี We both studied archaeology at university before coming to work at the museum. 5 geological (adj.) เกี่ยวกับธรณีวิทยา, ทางธรณีวิทยา The complex geological structure of the region is clarified. 6 combination (n.) การรวมกัน Strawberries and cream - a perfect combination. 7 invaluable (adj.) ซึ่งประมาณค่ามิได้The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. 8 urban (adj.) เกี่ยวกับเมือง The council is committed to a program of urban regeneration. 9 grid lines (n.) การแสดงข้อมูล เป็นตารางกริดใน แบบแปลนปลายข องเส้นกริดเสาเป็น วงกลม High voltage Grid lines are usually connected away from densely populated areas. 10 vertical (adj.) ซึ่งตั้งตรง She looked over the slope and found she was standing at the edge of a vertical cliff. 11 directional indicator (n.) เครื่องหมาย บอกทิศ Directional indicator is a symbol that indicates direction on a map with arms that point to the cardinal and intermediate
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 64 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 12 horizontal (adj.) ตามแนวนอน Draw a horizontal line across the bottom of the page. 13 power line (adj.) สัญลักษณ์บอกเส้น ระบบไฟฟ้า An overhead power line is a structure used in electric power transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy across large distances. 14 abbreviation (n.) การย่อ There is a list of abbreviations printed in the last page of the book. 15 contour (adj.) ตามรูปร่างของพื้น ดิน The rugged contour of the coast is pointed in the map. 16 trigonometric (adj.) เกี่ยวกับวิชา ตรีโกณมิติ This calculator performs scientific, statistical, and trigonometric calculations. 17 meridian (n.) เส้นวงกลมที่ลาก ผ่านขั้วโลกเหนือ และใต้ตามยาว The prime meridian of longitude passes through Greenwich, London. 18 hemisphere (n.) ซีกโลก There are northern and southern hemispheres. 19 calculate (v.) คาดการณ์ว่า The new tax system would be calculated on the value of property owned by an individual. 20 cultivate (v.) เพาะปลูก The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans. UNIT 4 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 burden (n.) ภาระ The war had put a monumental financial burden on the country.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 65 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 2 crime (n.) อาชญากรรม I’ve admitted committing several crimes, including fraud. 3 overcrowding (n.) ความแออัด ยัดเยียด Overcrowding in classrooms is an important issue in this election. 4 explosion (n.) การระเบิด The fire was thought to have been caused by a gas explosion. 5 access (v.) เข้า It is too difficult for anyone using a wheelchair to access the building. 6 justice (n.) ความถูกต้องตาม กฎหมาย There's no justice in the world when people can be made to suffer like that. 7 tension (n.) ความเครียด You could feel the tension in the room as we waited for our exam results. 8 sanitation (n.) สุขอนามัย Many illnesses in these temporary refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation. 9 hygiene (n.) สุขลักษณะ She is obsessed with personal hygiene and washes constantly. 10 densely (adv.) หนาแน่น Mexico City is one of the most densely populated cities in the world. 11 contagious (adj.) ซึ่งแพร่กระจาย ได้ง่าย The infection is highly contagious, so don't let anyone else use your towel. 12 shelter (n.) ที่พัก They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. 13 orphan (n.) เด็กกำ�ำพร้า The civil war is making orphans of many children.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 66 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 14 mule (n.) คนหัวดื้อ These very poor women who are used as mules by drug barons often get long prison sentences. 15 smuggle (v.) ลักลอบนำ�ำเข้า They managed to smuggle a video of the captive journalists out of the prison. 16 prostitution (n.) การค้าประเวณี Prostitution is a gendered, sexualized, and racialized labor system. 17 pornography (n.) เรื่องเร้ากามารมณ์ Pornography is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the exclusive purpose of sexual arousal. 18 prescribe (v.) แนะนำ�ำ, กำ�ำหนด The doctor prescribed some medicine and told her to have a week's rest. 19 literacy (n.) การอ่านออกเขียน ได้ Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy. UNIT 5 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 feudalism (n.) ระบบศักดินา He furthered some of the ideals of the French Revolution by abolishing feudalism. 2 duke (n.) ขุนนางชั้นสูงของ อังกฤษ They trace their line of descent back to a French duke. 3 originate (v.) กำ�ำเนิดขึ้น The game is thought to have originated among the native of Alaska. 4 brook (n.) ลำ�ำห้วย I could hear the sound of a babbling brook.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 67 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 5 tributary (n.) แม่น้�้ำำสายย่อย The Missouri River is a tributary of the Mississippi River. 6 elevation (n.) การยกให้สูงขึ้น This plan shows the front, side, and back elevations of the new supermarket. 7 erode (v.) กร่อน The cliffs are eroding several feet a year. 8 riverbed (n.) ทางท ี่ น้�้ำำไหลผ่าน Lots of soft soil is collected in the riverbeds during dry season which helps farmers for short term cultivation. 9 meander (v.) ไหลคดเคี้ยว, วกเวียน We spent the afternoon meandering around the streets of the old town. 10 debris (n.) ขยะ, ซากปรักหักพัง Debris from the aircraft was scattered over a large area. 11 grit (n.) กรวด The road had been covered with grit. 12 drainage (n.) การระบายน้�้ำำ The swamp has poor drainage throughout. 13 dendrite (n.) แตกแขนง The neurons had conical somas with well-defined networks of neurites and dendrites extending from the cell body. 14 basin (n.) อ่างน้�้ำำ The central river basins and the great plains of Europe serve as the breadbasket for the whole continent. 15 folklore (n.) ประเพณีเกี่ยวกับ ขนบพื้นบ้าน Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 68 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 16 paddy (n.) นาข้าว Asia’s paddy fields produce large quantity of grains than any place in the world. 17 perishable (adj.) เน่าเปื่อยได้ง่าย It's important to store perishable food in a cool place. 18 livestock (n.) ปศุสัตว์ On the outskirts of the bazaar, livestock dealers lead their swarming herds along narrow village paths lined by millet-stalk fences. 19 expanse (n.) พื้นที่กว้าง The Great Plains are a broad expanse of grassland. 20 levee (n.) เขื่อนกั้นน้�้ำำท่วม Much of the city was under water after floods broke levees and forced the evacuation of 50,000 people. UNIT 6 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 plateau (n.) ที่ราบสูง A plateau is a high flat land which runs through several miles. 2 topography (n.) การทำ�ำแผนท ี่ Volcanoes have sculpted the topography of the island. 3 tableland (n.) ที่ราบสูง A tableland is a butte, flank of a mountain, or mountain, that has a flat top. 4 harvest (n.) การเก็บเกี่ยว We picked the corn that had been missed during harvest. 5 accumulation (n.) การรวมตัวกัน ขึ้นมา We have an accumulation of junk over the years.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 69 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 6 shrimp (n.) กุ้ง Shrimps are decapod crustaceans with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion - most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata. 7 deforestation (n.) การตัดไม้ทำ�ำลาย ป่า Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rainforest. 8 pesticide (n.) ยาฆ่าแมลง The pesticides that farmers spray on their crops kill pests, but they can also damage people's health. 9 depletion (n.) การทำ�ำให้หมดสิ้น Acid rain depletes the region’s fish stocks. 10 Styrofoam (n.) โฟม Styrofoam is a trademarked brand of closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), commonly called "Blue Board". 11 oilfield (n.) บ่อน้�้ำำมัน The Arabian oilfields supply more crude oil to the world than any other country. 12 drill (v.) เจาะ The teacher drills them in arithmetic every day. 13 hazard (v.) อันตราย She wouldn’t hazard a guess about the meaning of the word. 14 aerosol (n.) ละอองของเหลว The gasses used in aerosols were damaging the atmosphere. 15 contaminant (n.) สิ่งปนเปื้อน High levels of contaminants have been found in the groundwater, causing concernsabout possible health risks to nearby neighborhoods.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 70 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 16 peroxide (n.) ออกไซด์ที่มี ออกซิเจน 2 อะตอม Peroxide is a bleach and an antiseptic. 17 hydrosulfite (n.) สารเคมีที่ใช้มาทำ�ำ สารฟอกขาว Hydrosulfite is a white crystalline powder with a weak sulfurous odor. Although it is stable in the absence of air, it decomposes in hot water and in acid solutions. 18 devastated (adj.) ทำ�ำลายล้าง I was so devastated and I was crying constantly. 19 endanger (v.) ถูกคุกคาม Revealing that information might endanger our national security. 20 maginificent (adj.) อลังการ New Orleans is famous for its magnificent old oak trees. UNIT 7 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 advancement (n.) การเคลื่อนไปข้าง หน้า All she was interested in was the advancement of her own career. 2 irrigation (n.) การชลประทาน Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. 3 preservation (n.) การสงวน Janet is very interested in historic preservation. 4 charter (n.) กฎบัตร The United Nations charter sets forth goals we all admire. 5 drift (n.) กองดิน He stopped rowing and let the boat drift.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 71 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 6 swamp (n.) หนองน้�้ำำ Alligators live in these swamps. 7 exotic (adj.) มาจากแหล่งอื่น Exotic pets like snakes and tropical birds. 8 creature (n.) สิ่งมีชีวิต It seems clear to me that people are creatures of emotion. 9 perspective (n.) มุมมอง He brings a new perspective to the job. 10 drastic (adj.) รุนแรงมาก In the desert there’s a drastic change in temperature from day to night. 11 crust (n.) คลุมด้วยเปลือก แข็ง The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. 12 reservoir (n.) อ่างเก็บน้�้ำำ A reservoir is also a large supply of water that could be used if needed. 13 alter (v.) เปลี่ยน The coat was too long, so I took it back to the store to have it altered. 14 satellite (n.) ดาวเทียม The moon is a natural satellite of the earth. 15 meteorologist (n.) นักอุตุนิยมวิทยา An approximation to the former type of body is found in the cup of the meteorologist's anemometer. 16 velocity (n.) อัตราความเร็ว The wind velocity recorded at the airport was 78 miles per hour at 4 p.m. 17 evaporation (n.) การระเหย Ice cover prevents evaporation of water from the lake surface. 18 withstand (v.) ขานต่อ The building has to be strong enough to withstand severe winds and storms.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 72 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 19 microorganism (n.) สิ่งมีชีวิตขนาดเล็ก ที่มองไม่เห็นได้ ด้วยตาเปล่า One could hypothesize the existence of microorganisms that can tolerate this level of sulphuric acid that have not yet been discovered. 20 precautionary (adj.) ป้องกันไว้ก่อน The company has withdrawn the drug from the market as a precautionary measure.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 73 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND TAKE UP ONE IDEA. MAKE THAT ONE IDEA YOUR LIFE - THINK OF IT, DREAM OF IT, LIVE ON THAT IDEA. LET THE BRAIN, MUSCLES, NERVES, EVERY PART OF YOUR BODY, BE FULL OF THAT IDEA, AND JUST LEAVE EVERY OTHER IDEA ALONE. THIS IS THE WAY TO SUCCESS.
OCCUPATION
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 75 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY OCCUPATION UNIT 1-3 : DESIGN TECHNOLOGY AND GRAPHIC DESIGN No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 bradawl (n.) เหล็กสำ�ำหรับเจาะรู เพื่อตอกตะปูไร้หัว The bradawl is then twisted through 90 degrees which displaces the fibers creating a hole. 2 oscillator (n.) เครื่องก่อกระแสไฟ สลับ There are oscillators in computers, metal detectors and even stun guns. 3 composite (n.) สิ่งที่ประกอบขึ้น จากหลายส่วน Plastics are often combined with other material to create a new group of materials called composites. 4 equilibrium (n.) สมดุล,ดุลยภาพ To remain in equilibrium, the hanger exerts an equilibrant force of 12 N vertically upwards. 5 modulation (n.) การปรับ It is impossible to build an antenna this big. Instead, say we give modulation a chance and use a 1000 kHz carrier wave to carry the signal. 6 synchronous (adj.) ตรงกัน, พร้อมกัน A synchronous motor is one in which the rotor normally rotates at the same speed as the revolving field in the machine.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 76 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 7 transmission (n.) การส่งผ่าน An automatic transmission uses sensors to determine when it should shift gears, and changes them using internal oil pressure. 8 peripheral (adj.) อุปกรณ์ต่อพ่วง A peripheral device is any auxiliary device that connects to and works with the computer to either put information into it or get information out of it. 9 experiment (n.) การทดลอง, การทดสอบ This experiment shows you some of the properties of circuits which contain resistors, capacitors, and inductors. 10 torsion (n.) การบิดเป็นเกลียว When a member of a structure, such as the jib of a crane or the shaft of a motor is made to twist, it is in torsion. 11 veneer (n.) แผ่นไม้อัด Veneers are thin slices of wood less than 0.5 mm thick. 12 ergonomic (adj.) ตามหลัก สรีรศาสตร์ Designing for comfort and safety is called ergonomic design. 13 buzzer (n.) ออด, กริ่ง, สัญญาณไฟฟ้า Buzzers make a loud noise when connected to a battery. 14 anthropometric (n.) สัดส่วนของ ร่างกาย Typical anthropometric measurements for wheelchair user. 15 solenoid (n.) ขดลวดแม่เหล็ก ไฟฟ้า A solenoid is a long coil of wire wrapped in many turns. 16 perpendicular (adj.) ตั้งฉาก, ตั้งตรง The parallel and perpendicular color is magenta, and may be locked with shift once you see it indicated on the screen.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 77 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 17 invoke (v.) ก่อให้เกิด, นำ�ำมาซึ่ง The two inferences that are not invoked until you have begun an operation are parallel and perpendicular. 18 persistent (adj.) ที่คงอยู่นาน For new users, this persistent selection can result in accidental moves of geometry. 19 underneath (prep.) ข้างล่าง, ภายใต้ Move spindles up in blue direction to underneath the bottom surface of the tabletop. 20 nuance (n.) ความแตกต่างกัน นิดหน่อย There are some nuances to deleting connected faces and edges in SketchUp. Let’s look at them. 21 animation (n.) การสร้างภาพ เคลื่อนไหวโดยการ ฉายภาพนิ่งหลายๆ ภาพต่อเนื่องกัน ด้วยความเร็วสูง When computer animation is used for movies, it is often called computer-generated imagery (CGI). 22 frame-by-frame (n.) การสร้างภาพที่ต่อ เนื่องกันแล้วนำ�ำมา วางเรียงกันให้ดู เหมือนมีการ เคลื่อนไหวจริง Frame-by-Frame lets you create animation videos using any webcam/ video camera connected to your computer. 23 stop-motion (n.) การถ่ายทีละ เฟรม แล้วนำ�ำมา เรียงต่อกันจนเกิด การเคลื่อนไหว Stop motion animation has a long history in film.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 78 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 24 clay animation (n.) งานแอนิเมชั่น ประเภทนี้ animator จะต้อง เข้าไปทำ�ำการ เคลื่อนไหวโดยตรง กับโมเดล และ ทำ�ำการถ่ายภาพ เอาไว้ทีละเฟรมๆ Clay Animator contains the most in depth information on animation process. 25 ComputerGeneratedImagery (CGI) (n.) โปรแกรมที่สร้าง การเคลื่อนไหว ของภาพโดยใช้ คอมพิวเตอร์ CGI is used for visual effects because computer generated effects are more controllable than other more physically based processes. 26 2D Animation (n.) สร้างภาพ เคลื่อนไหวสองมิติ 2D Animation can be found just by turning on your TV. 27 3D Animation (n.) สร้างภาพ เคลื่อนไหวสามมิติ 3D Animation can be used to create wholly 3D productions as short as an advertisement or as long as a feature film. 28 caricature (n.) การ์ตูนล้อเลียน The trial was a caricature of justice. 29 exaggeration (n.) การพูดเกินจริง Exaggerated his own role in the episode. 30 perspective (n.) มุมมอง, โลกทัศน์ A perspective of history; a need to view the problem in the proper perspective. 31 scene (n.) ฉาก A murderer sometimes revisits the scene of his crime. 32 shot (n.) การถ่ายภาพยนตร์ ในครั้งหนึ่งที่มีช่วง เวลาที่ต่อเนื่องโดย ไม่หยุด The shot show attracts buyers from all 50 states and more than 100 countries.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 79 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 33 script (n.) ขั้นตอนในการ จับใจความสำ�ำคัญ เนื้อเรื่องแต่ละฉาก ทั้งกำำ� หนดมุมกล้อง เทคนิคพิเศษ รวม ถึงเวลาเคลื่อนไหว Following scripts is useful because it saves time. 34 sequence (n.) ตอนหรือช่วง เหตุการณ์ซึ่งเกิด จากซีนหลายๆ ซีน มารวมกัน โดยมี ความสมบูรณ์ของ เนื้อหา A script is important to know the order or sequence that events take place in a story. 35 plot (n.) เค้าโครงเรื่อง Even the simplest statements of plot may include multiple inferences, as in traditional ballads. 36 frame (n.) ภาพนิ่งของ อนิเมชั่น Their movements can be easily manipulated between frames with minimal risk of damage to the puppet itself. 37 storyboard (n.) เครื่องมือที่ใช้ใน การวางแผนสื่อ ภาพวิดีโอ แอนิเมชั่น Using storyboards, directors are better able to control pacing, dialogue and action, among other things. 38 stage (n.) พื้นท ี่ ที่ใช้ในการ แสดง Set the stage for the best way to show off an action. 39 scriptwriting (n.) การเขียนบท Someone who scriptwriting for plays or movies or broadcast dramas.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 4 80 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 40 pixilation (n.) การนำ�ำนักแสดง จริงมาขยับแทน วัตถุทำ�ำให้เกิด ความรู้สึกท ี่ ก้�้ำำกึ่ง ระหว่างภาพความ จริงกับโลกที่เหนือ จริง We love the creative little ideas they were able to make work using pixilation.