INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON P
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING & R
O
MATHEMATICS (ICSTEM2021) G
in conjunction with R
A
9th INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE M
CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE & M
E
MATHEMATICS 2021 (IPCSM2021)
B
7TH AUGUST 2021 O
VIRTUAL PRESENTATION O
‘EMPOWERING AND K
TRANSFORMING INNOVATION’
https://ipcsm2021.upsi.edu.my/
1
2
Foreword by the Vice Chancellor, UPSI
Welcoming Message by Dean, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, UPSI
Welcoming Address by Chairperson ICSTEM2021 & IPCSM2021
Organizing Committee
Programme Tentative
Keynote Abstract 1
Keynote Abstract 2
Keynote Abstract 3
Keynote Abstract 4
Keynote Abstract 5
Parallel Sessions
Abstracts
Biology
Chemistry
Mathematics
Physics
Science
Biology Education
Chemistry Education
Mathematics Education
Physics Education
Science Education
STEM
Sponsors
3
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera.
Alhamdulillah, we have been granted the opportunity to organize the International Conference on
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics 2021 (ICSTEM 2021) in conjunction with 9th
International Postgraduate Conference on Science and Mathematics 2021 (IPCSM 2021). The aim
of this conference is to provide a platform for delegates to exchange novel ideas and establish
mutual cooperation in research and innovation.
At this juncture, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all delegates attending the ICSTEM 2021
in conjunction with 9th IPCSM 2021. I strongly believe that delegates will take this opportunity to
share knowledge in interweaving education with science and mathematics.
I would like to extend our gratitude to our collaborators, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), Indonesia and Padang State University (UNP).
Thank you for your willingness to collaborate and making this conference success. I would also like
to extend our gratitude to our sponsors, Dwicitra Resources, Perkin Elmer, Perniagaan Deanso
and KLG System. Thank you for your most generous contribution and we look forward to a
prosperous future together.
With a central theme of “Empowering and Transforming Innovation”, this conference signifies the
role of researchers and students from various institutions in promoting their findings and innovations
to the international level. In addition, the diverse range of topics that will be presented today may
provide a good platform for participants to enhance the culture of research and knowledge
interchange. Along the way to pursuit UPSI's aspiration as the UPSI No. 1 Education University, I
really hope that all participants are able to explore new knowledge throughout the conference.
Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and thanks to all the organizing committees of
the Faculty of Science and Mathematics for the efforts in making this conference a success. May
this conference be the door to inspire and explore new frontiers of knowledge in the future.
Thank you.
YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Dr. Md. Amin Md. Taff
Vice Chancellor
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
4
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera.
On behalf of the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, UPSI, I would like to extend our warmest
welcome to all honoured participants and distinguished delegates to ICSTEM 2021 in conjunction
with 9th IPCSM 2021.
This annual event organized by FSM aims to build a network of relationships between researchers
as well as postgraduate students in Malaysia and abroad in the field of Science and Mathematics
and education. This virtual platform provides space for postgraduate students as well as
researchers and educators to present their findings and expose to the latest ideas and innovation
in Science and Mathematics and education. In addition, the diverse range of topics discussed
during the conference will provide a good platform to practice high-level professionalism, enhance
the culture of research and knowledge interchange among delegates.
With the theme of Empowering and Transforming Innovation, we hope that our mission as a
platform for researchers to exchange ideas and create networking opportunities in the areas of
science, mathematics, technology and education will be successful and achieve its outcomes. I
would like to express my deepest gratitude to organizing committees that have contributed in
making ICSTEM 2021 in conjunction with 9th IPCSM 2021 a reality. I am optimistic that this
conference will be of great benefit to the participants.
Thank you.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah
Dean
Faculty of Science and Mathematics
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
5
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera.
Alhamdulillah praise be to Allah for His generous favours and blessings to us all. On behalf of the
organizing committee, it is my pleasure to welcome all collaborators, sponsors, speakers and
participants to the International Conference on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
2021 (ICSTEM 2021) in conjunction with 9th International Postgraduate Conference on Science
and Mathematics 2021 (IPCSM 2021).
The ICSTEM 2021 in conjunction with 9th IPCSM 2021 highlights the efforts by the Faculty of
Science and Mathematics, UPSI to promote innovative research activities and inculcate the culture
of scientific publication particularly among the researchers, academicians and postgraduate
students. Through this conference, current discoveries in science, mathematics and education are
gathered, addressed and integrated to empower innovative and creative minds among the
delegates.
This conference is honoured with five prominent keynote speakers in the area of solar cell,
biodiesel, nanomaterial, photocatalysis and STEM education. We have received more than 50
scientific papers to be presented by local and international presenters. The papers are divided into
eleven sub-themes covering various issues in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Science, Mathematics
and Education.
Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all parties who are involved in making this event
a great success. I wish everyone a rewarding time and a fruitful engagement during the conference.
“EMPOWERING AND TRANSFORMING INNOVATION”
Selamat Datang! Welcome!
Thank you.
Dr. Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi W. Salleh
Chairperson ICSTEM2021 & IPCSM2021
Faculty of Science and Mathematics
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Patron YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Dr. Md. Amin Md. Taff
Vice Chancellor
Advisors Profesor Dr. Marzita Puteh
Deputy Vice Chancellor of Academic & International
Chairperson
Vice Chairperson Profesor Ts. Dr. Suriani Abu Bakar
Secretary I Deputy Vice Chancellor of Research & Innovation
Secretary II
Treasurer I Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah
Treasurer II Dean
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Faridah Lisa Supian
Deputy Dean of Academic & International Affairs
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rohaidah Masri
Deputy Dean of Research & Innovation
Dr. Yusnita Juahir
Head of Chemistry Department
Dr. Alene Tawang
Head of Biology Department
Dr. Izan Roshawaty Mustapa
Head of Physics Department
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Azah Samot @ Samat
Head of Mathematics Department (Acting)
Dr. Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi W. Salleh
Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi
Dr. Lee Tien Tien
Dr. Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid
Dr. Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim
Dr. Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad
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Committee Members
Publicity & Dr. Suzaliza Mustafar (Leader)
Documentation Dr. Lilia Ellany Mohtar
Dr. Zamzana Zamzamir @ Zamzamin
Programme Dr. Hafizul Fahri bin Hanafi
Mr. Ibrahim Saidin
Invitations & Mr. Mohd Hashimi Ma’ani
Protocols Dr. Isti Yunita (State University of Yogyakarta)
Dr. Fitri Amelia (Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia)
Sponsorship
Dr. Yuhanis Mhd Bakri (Leader)
Registration, Dr. Mazlina Musa
Certificates & Dr. Rawdah Adawiyah
Gifts Dr. Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin
Programme Book Dr. Aisyah Mohamad Sharif (Leader)
& Abstracts Mrs. Rozita Yahaya
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid
Dr. Nor Zila Abd Hamid
Dr. Nurul Akmal Mohamed
Mrs. Marini Masdar
Mr. Iskandar Zulkarnain Mohamed Ridzuan
Dr. Maizatul Najwa Jajuli (Leader)
Prof. Dr. Illyas Md Isa
Prof. Dr. Ismail Zainol
Prof. Dr. Azlan Kamari
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Azlan Nafiah
Dr. Nor Hafizah Md Husin
Mrs. Norasmeda Amri
Mr. Ahmad Supian Abdullah
Dr. Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim (Leader)
Dr. Noorshida Mohd Ali
Dr. Suzita Ramli
Dr. Nurul Hila Zainuddin
Ms. Siti Noor Farina Mohd Fuad Ooi
Mrs. Johana Jumiran
Nur Fitriyana (State University of Yogyakarta)
Dr. Wan Haslinda Wan Ahmad (Leader)
Dr. Norlinda Daud
Dr. Hamidah Idris
Dr. Rosazley Ramly
Dr. Siti Nursaila Alias
Dr. Nur Hamiza Adenan
Dr. Nor Suriya Abd Karim
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x
Judging Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz (Leader)
Dr. Hafsah Taha
Technical & Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aqil Aryan Wong
Venue Mrs. Mazlina Mat Darus
Preparation Mrs. Noorazrin Abdul Rajak
Prof. Dr. Endang W.L.X (State University of Yogyakarta)
Food, Safety, Dr. Budhi Oktavia (Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia)
Emergency &
Hygiene Dr. Mohamad Idris Saidin (Leader)
Dr. Muhd Ibrahim Muhamad Damanhuri
Publication Dr. Noor Wahida Md. Junus
Mr. Mohd Zurin Mahmood
Mr. Muhammad Hazim Baharudin
Mr. Ahmad Isa Hamizi
Mr. Mohd Akmal Farhan Rashid
Mr. Mohamad Fairuz Misdi
Mr. Ts. Jamal Abdul Nasir Baharuddin
Dr. Siti Munirah Sidik (Leader)
Mrs. Aryani Adnan
Mrs. Radiah Idris
Dr. Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif (Leader)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norhayati Hashim
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azmi Mohamed
Dr. Norlaili Abu Bakar
Dr. Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod
Dr. Sivaranjan Kuppan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rohaidah Masri
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Som Cit Si Nang
Dr. Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin
Dr. Nurul Syafiqah Yap Abdullah
Dr. Afiq Radzwan
Dr. Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad
Metridewi Pimastuti (State University of Yogyakarta)
Guspatni (Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia)
9
7th of August 2021 (SATURDAY)
https://upsi.webex.com/webappng/sites/upsi/meeting/info/4d81805d866e4d509b753881a209ab96
Password : Ipcsm2021
08:00 Online Registration and Arrival of Participants
-
08:30
Opening Ceremony
08:30 08:30 Negaraku and Ibu Kandung Suluh Budiman
- 08:40 Welcoming remarks and Doa
08:45 ICSTEM & IPCSM2021 Chairperson address
09:30 09:00 Dean address
09:30 09:15 VC/DVC opening address
- Keynote Lecture 1
10:00 Insect Larvae as a Potential Sustainable Feedstock for Biodiesel Production
Prof. Dr. Azlan Kamari, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
10:00 Chairperson: Dr. Noorshida Mohd Ali
- Keynote Lecture 2
10:30 Microstructure of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Synthesized using Ostwald
Ripening for Perovskite Solar Cells Application
10:30
- Prof. Dr. Jaslin Ikhsan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Chairperson: Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi
11:00 Keynote Lecture 3
Implementation of Integrated STEM Education: Sharing of a Research-Based,
Research-Validated Pedagogical Approach
Prof. Dr. Ong Eng Tek, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Chairperson: Dr. Lee Tien Tien
11:00 Parallel Session 1
-
Lunch Break
13:00
13:00 Keynote Lecture 4
Visible-Light-Induced Novel C-N, C-S and C-O Bond Formations under Mild
-
14:30 Reaction Conditions
Dr. Ramasamy Anandhan, University of Madras
14:30
- Chairperson: Dr. Yuhanis Mhd. Bakri
15:00
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15:00 Keynote Lecture 5
- Study of Copper Oxide as Active Material for In-Activation of Sars-Cov-2
15:30 Variant Spike
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rahadian Zainul, Universitas Negeri Padang
15:30
- Chairperson: Dr. Siti Munirah Sidik
16:45 Parallel Session 2
17:15
Closing Ceremony and Best Presenter Announcement
-
17:30
11
PARALLEL SESSION 1
Room 1
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Password : Room1
Chair : Dr. Mazlina Musa
11:00 Enhancement of Antimicrobe Activity and Degradability of Pickle Skin by
- C0004 Modification with Nanoparticle Produced by using Red Algae (Gracilaria sp.)
11:15 Prof. Dr. Eli Rohaeti
11:15 Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes and Antibacterial Activity of Graphene
- C0084 Oxide Supported Mono and Bimetallic Nanocomposites
11:30 Dr. Kuppan Sivaranjan
11:30 Preparation of Zirconia-Nickel Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle and Its
- C0008 Application as a Dopamine Sensor
11:45 Mr. Mohamad Rafizie Aiman Mohamed Roduan
11:45 Alkaloids from Alphonsea sp. and Their In Silico Xanthine Oxidase
- C0053 Inhibitory Activities
12:00 Mr. M Nur Sidik
12:00 C0019 Synthesis of Novel Dithiol-Functionalised -Al2O3 Nanocomposite for
- Effective Mercury Adsorbent in Industrial Effluent
Ms. Nur Iraizzati Shaifudin
12:15
12:15 C0020 Visible-Light-Induced Aerobic C-H Oxidation of Propargylamine to Synthesis
- C0090 of Substituted 2-ynamide and Oxazolo[2,3-A]isoquinolinones
C0100 Mr. Mandapati Bhargava Reddy
12:30
Visible Light Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Primary Alcohols with o-
12:30 Aminobenzamides and o-Aminobenzenesulfonamides by Selectfluor
- Mr. Kesavan Prasanth
Improvement of Titania-Based Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of
12:45 Organic Pollutants in Wastewater
12:45 Ms. Nurul Adilah Mohd Noor
-
13:00
12
PARALLEL SESSION 1
Room 2
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Password : Room2
Chair : Dr. Lilia Ellany Mohtar
11:00 The Level of Knowledge and Perception of Secondary School Students
- SE0095 on i-Think in Merlimau District Malacca
11:15 Mr. Muhammad Hafizzi Saiman
11:15 Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri WAO bagi Topik Penyerapan
- SE0045 Sains Tahun Satu
11:30 Ms. Nur Raihana Mohd Razak
11:30 Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri Berasaskan Projek bagi
- SE0046 Topik Keseimbangan Ekosistem untuk Sains Tahun Satu
11:45 Ms. Nurul Hazwani Ariffin
11:45 Hubungan Kompetensi Guru Tadika Swasta dengan Pelaksanaan
- ST0009 Pendidikan STEM di Daerah Hulu Langat
12:00 Mrs. Nurul Hasni Sukri
12:00 Development of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Instrument: A
- PE0034 Systematic Review
12:15 Mrs. Alysuliana Alias
12:15 A Need Analysis for the Development of Physics Game-Based Interactive
- PE0102 Module Among Matriculation Programme Students
12:30 Mrs. Nurul Ain Malek
12:30 PE0015 The Development and Usability of Android Application for Register Terms
- on Malay – English for KSSM Physics
12:45 Mr. Muhamad Zulhelmi Othman
12:45 Contribution of Scientific Creativity and Affective Factors towards Students’
- PE0023 Physics Achievement: A Structural Equation Model Analysis
13:00 Dr. Lilia Ellany Mohtar
13
PARALLEL SESSION 1
Room 3
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Password : Room3
Chair : Dr. Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin
11:00 Entamoeba Genus Infection: Current Prevalence and Risk Factors among
- B0016 Orang Asli Schoolchildren in Perak, Malaysia
11:15 Ms. Nur Insyirah Tokijoh
11:15 Histological Effect of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on
- B0078 Several Organs in ICR Mice
11:30 Mr. Azam Muzafar Ahmad Mokhtar
11:30 Plant Diversity along a Standardized Urbanization Gradient in an Expanding
- B0058 City of Ipoh, Perak (Providing Human Needs vs Protecting Nature)
11:45 Ms. Balqis Aqila Alue
11:45 Agarwood Production of Aquilaria malaccensis using Various Inoculants
- S0051 and Techniques
12:00 Mr. Mohd Zamakhsyary Mustapa
12:00 Development of ARcell Apps for The Topic of the Structure of Cells and
- BE0076 Organelles
12:15 Mrs. Rohani Hashim
12:15 Evaluation of a Higher Order Thinking Skills Test for the Topic of Cell
- BE0107 Division and Subtopic of Gametogenesis (UKBATG)
12:30 Mrs. Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh
12:30 Kertas Konsep Pembangunan Permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’ bagi
- BE0068 Subtopik Pencernaan dalam Matapelajaran Biologi Tingkatan 4
12:45 Ms. Nurul Hanim Mustafa
12:45 B0057 Review of Molecular Analysis of Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila and
- Orthosiphon stamineus using ITS2-RFLP Markers for Rapid Identification
13:00 of the Herbal Substance in Medicinal Tea Product
Dr. Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin
14
PARALLEL SESSION 1
Room 4
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Password : Room4
Chair : Dr. Rawdah Adawiyah Tarmizi
11:00 Analysis of Area Under a Curve (AUC) using C-Programming: Trapezium
- M0028 and Simpson Rules Techniques
11:15 Assoc. Prof. Abu Bakar Ibrahim
11:15 ME0059 Teachers’s Practices in Teaching and Learning Algebraic Problem Solving
- Mrs. Marsilah Anum Marham
11:30
11:30 Regionalization of Rainfall Regimes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using Principal
- M0039 Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis
11:45 Mr. Muhamad Afdal Ahmad Basri
11:45 M0070 Unicyclic Graphs with Maximum Randić Indices
- Dr. Nor Hafizah Md Husin
12:00
12:00 Development of a Platform for STEM Teaching and Learning Resource
- ME0065 Materials in the Field of Discrete Mathematics
12:15 Mrs. Suhaida Shahar Zaman
12:15 Integration of Video Screencast and Sketchup Make (VTS-SUM) to
- ME0003 Enhance Students’ Visual Spatial Skills
12:30 Dr. Faridah Hanim Yahya
12:30 ME0092 Kepuasan dan Kesedaran Pembelajaran Pelajar Sarjana Muda
- Pendidikan Matematik dalam Pembelajaran Atas Talian pada Tempoh
12:45 Pandemik Covid-19
Ms. Izzah Athirah Samsul Kamar
15
PARALLEL SESSION 1
Room 5
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Password : Room5
Chair : Dr. Nor Zila Abd. Hamid
11:00 Pembinaan dan Kesan Modul K5FN bagi Topik Kadar Tindak Balas
- CE0081 terhadap Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Di Palembang
11:15 Dr. Made Sukaryawan
11:15 Enhancing Self-Directed Learning Skills via Blended Problem-Based
- CE0002 Learning in Chemistry Learning
11:30 Dr. Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim
11:30 CE0011 Do Chemistry Teachers Need Flipped Classroom Learning Kit?
- Mrs. Nurul Ain Ashikin Halin
11:45
11:45 Development and Usability of Acid-Base E-Flashcard (ABeF) from the
- CE0037 Perspective of Student Teachers
12:00 Dr. Tien Tien Lee
12:00 CE0047 The Development of Chemistry Matriculation Module: Need Analysis
- Mrs. Nor Syatilla Haerany Abd Ghani
12:15
12:15 Pembangunan Permainan ‘Journey to the Unexpected’ Bagi Kursus
- CE0061 Kimia Alam Sekitar
12:30 Ms. Leily Dayana Zohar Raden Rasol
12:30 A Green Electrochemistry Experimental Kit: Student’s Achievements
- ST0080 on Lectrofun 2.0
12:45 Dr. Aisyah Mohamad Sharif
16
PARALLEL SESSION 1
Room 6
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Password : Room6
Chair : Dr. Yuhanis Mhd. Bakri
11:00 Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial Activity of Cardaria draba
- C0031 against Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa
11:15 Assoc. Prof. Salam Ahmed Abed
11:15 Insightful Discussion of Copper (I) Complexes as Promising Sensitizers
- C0038 for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
11:30 Dr. Suzaliza Mustafar
11:30 Fabrication and Characterisation of Azobenzene-Linked Porpyrin Molecular
- C0027 Wires for Light Harvesting System
11:45 Dr. Suzaliza Mustafar
11:45 C0029 Phytochemical Constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaf Extract and
- Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity against LPS/IFN- Stimulated
RAW 264.7 Macrophages
12:00 Mrs. Manar A. Eissa
12:00 C0087 Influence of CB on Rheological Properties of V-L of T80:B30/H2O/VCO System
- Ms. Nor Ain Mohamed Arifin
12:15
12:15 UV- Curing of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Potential Recognition
- C0077 System of Hydroquinone
12:30 Ms. Norlin Suhaiza Musali
12:30 C0040 Facile Synthesis of Graphene in Alkaline Aqueous Solution
- Dr. Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid
12:45
12:45 Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Lamellar Liquid Crystals of Tween 65/H2O/VCO
- C0085 System: Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties
13:00 Ms. Norzakiatul Husna Isnolamran
17
PARALLEL SESSION 2
Room 1
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Password : Room1
Chair : Dr. Maizatul Najwa Jajuli
15:30 Synthesis and Characterization of Chromone-Based Ligand and Its
- C0056 Fluorescent Property Towards Pb2+/Hg2+ Ion
15:45 Dr. Yusnita Juahir
15:45 Phosphorescent Cyclometallated 1,2,4-Triazolepyridyl-Based Iridium(III)
- C0055 Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Studies
16:00 Ms. Nurul Husna As Saedah Bain
16:00 Visible-Light-Induced Metal-Free Synthesis of Amides from
- C0093 N,N-dibenzylanilnes using Organic Dye as Photocatalyst
16:15 Mr. Nalladhambi Neerathilingam
16:15 C0033 Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus
- Syzygium – A Review
16:30 Ms. Nur Hazwanie Abdul Kadir
16:30 C0062 Electrochemically Modulated Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Enrichment
- Dr. Maizatul Najwa Jajuli
16:45
18
PARALLEL SESSION 2
Room 2
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Password : Room2
Chair : Dr. Afiq Radzwan
15:30 Power Limit for a Stable Optical Trapping of a Single Microcluster of
- P0012 Calix[4]Arene Trapping in Water
15:45 Ms. Nur Izzati Mahadi
15:45 Optical Stiffness of an Optical Trapped 4-Cyano-4’- Pentylbiphenyl (5CB)
- P0014 in the Form of Microdroplet in Water
16:00 Mr. Muhamad Safuan Mat Yeng @ Mat Zin
16:00 Design of Magneto Rheological Suspension of C-Class Car Segment
- P0042 using for Bouc Wen Model for Education
16:15 Dr. Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail
16:15 Magneto Rheological Suspension Control using Matlab and Arduino PID
- P0044 Controller for the Formula Malaysia Education Competition (Formula MEC)
16:30 Dr. Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail
16:30 Transmitting Performance Simulation of Piezoelectric Transducer for
- P0066 Underwater Application
16:45 Ms. Siti Azizah Muhamad Lotfi
19
PARALLEL SESSION 2
Room 3
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Password : Room3
Chair : Dr. Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Kassim
15:30 Effects of Polya Model Adaptation in the Teaching and Learning of
- ST0043 Programming Algorithms on Student Achievement in Matriculation College
15:45 Dr. Jamilah Hamid
15:45 Hello-Microbes: COVID-19 vs Soap Program in Enhancing Preschool Children
- ST0083 Awareness on COVID-19
16:00 Dr. Hamidah Idris
16:00 A Systematic Literature Review with Bibliometric Meta-Analysis of Ai
- ST0030 Technology Adoption in Education
16:15 Mr. Maran Chanthiran
16:15 Exploring Science Teachers’ Instructional Practices: A Need Analysis for
- ST0109 Scientist Teacher-Student Partnership (STSP) in Integrated STEM
16:30 Mr. Mohamad Hisyam Ismail
20
PARALLEL SESSION 2
Room 4
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Password : Room4
Chair : Dr. Nor Suriya Abd. Karim
15:30 Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan Modul Latihan Berasaskan Permainan
- ME0086 bagi Topik Geometri Tingkatan Satu
15:45 Mr. Mohamad Aidie Ikhwan Mohammad
15:45 Kajian Meta-Analisis: Penerapan Elemen Membina Hubungan dalam
- ME0075 Pendidikan Matematik
16:00 Mr. Mohamad Nurizwan Jumiran
16:00 ME0060 The Need and Effectiveness of Form Two Algebraic Expression Training Module
- Mr. Foo Jing Yao
16:15
16:15 ME0071 Analysis of the Relationship Between the Psychosocial Learning
- Environment and Learning Styles to the Achievement of
Form Four Additional Mathematics
16:30 Mrs. Nur Haslisa Isa
21
PARALLEL SESSION 2
Room 5
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Password : Room5
Chair : Dr. Adibah Abu Bakar
15:30 A Need Analysis for Developing MY CHEMISALT for Preparation of
- CE0079 Three Type of Salts’ Topic in Form Four Chemistry KSSM
15:45 Mrs. Marlina Mat Napes
15:45 The Effectiveness of Green Chemistry Experiments on Students’
- CE0022 Achievement in Electrochemistry
16:00 Mrs. Nur Liyana Zahari
16:00 Keberkesanan Amali Kimia Hijau terhadap Pencapaian dan Kesedaran
- CE0049 Kelestarian Alam Pelajar Tingkatan 4
16:15 Ms. Suhaili Mohd Sarjidi
16:15 Keberkesanan Pemikiran Kritis dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran
- SE0041 Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT
16:30 Ms. Siti Sarah Muhammad Raflee
22
PARALLEL SESSION 2
Room 6
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Password : Room6
Chair : Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi
15:30 Phytochemicals from Beilschmiedia as Lead Compounds for New
- C0001 Drug Discovery
15:45 Dr. Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh
15:45 C0032 Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus
- Magnolia – A Review
16:00 Mr. Ahmad Azrul Hakim Yahaya
16:00 C0069 The Potential of Areca catechu as Erectile Dysfunction Cure: A Review
- Mrs. Norkamilah Mohammed @ Abdullah
16:15
16:15 C0048 Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Herbicide of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
- Coated-Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-Quinclorac: A
Controlled Release Purpose for Agrochemicals
16:30 Dr. Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif
16:30 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes using Electric Arc Furnace Slag as a
- C0103 Source of Catalyst
16:45 Dr. Mohamad Saufi Rosmi
23
Insect Larvae as a Potential Sustainable Feedstock for Biodiesel Production
Azlan Kamari*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract
The energy crisis particularly the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels has significantly affected
the global economic development. Biodiesel has been regarded as one of the most promising
alternative renewable biofuels. Edible oils have been widely used as feedstocks, however their high
cost limits the large-scale production of biodiesel. Therefore, the development of cost effective
feedstocks is crucial. In this context, lipid-based biomasses from wastes and by-products have
received great attention from scientists and their application as raw materials could reduce the
production cost of biodiesel. Due to their high lipid content, several insects such as sorghum bugs
(Agonoscelis pubescens), watermelon bugs (Aspongopus viduatus), black soldier fly larvae
(Hermetia illucens), house fly larvae (Musca domestica L.), oriental latrine fly larvae (Chrysomya
megacephala), yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) and darkling beetle larvae (Zophobas
morio) have been investigated by a number of researchers for biodiesel production. In many cases,
these insect larvae were fed by organic wastes such as kitchen wastes, animal manure, fish offal
and rice straw. The crude lipid will be extracted from insect larvae and it will undergo a two-step
bioconversion process, namely acid-catalysed esterification and alkaline-catalysed
transesterification to produce biodiesel. The feasibility of biodiesel production from insect larvae
are dependent upon several aspects such as life cycle and reproductive capacity of insect, and fat
content of larvae. The optimisation of experimental parameters for bioconversion process, quality
of larval biodiesel, issues and challenges related to larval biodiesel production will also be
discussed. Overall, insect larvae have great potential to be used as an environmentally friendly and
sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production.
Keywords: Insect larvae, feedstock, biodiesel, bioenergy, lipid-based biomasses, organic wastes
24
Microstructure of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Synthesized using Ostwald Ripening for
Perovskite Solar Cells Application
Jaslin Ikhsan*, Cahyorini Kusumawardani and Crys Fajar Partana
Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas
Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
*Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have recently reached high efficiencies, through efforts focused on reducing
grain boundaries, by enlarging the size of the crystalline domains that constitute the perovskite
films. Here, we demonstrate that smaller crystallites within perovskite films spontaneously coalesce
into larger ones through the two –step coating method continued by applying Ostwald ripening. The
nucleation and growth mechanisms of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) was
formed by reacting pre-deposited PbI2 thin films with methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution. The
resulting perovskite film was then ripened by MAI solution for the second time to rearrange the
perovskite crystal structure and optimizing the unformed PbI2 convert to MAPbI3. The different
concentrations of MAI solution were applied to study its influence on the structure of resulted
perovskite. We propose that the microstructure of the perovskite material is determined by the MAI
concentration, while Ostwald ripening dominates the perovskite formation process. As the MAI
concentration is increased from 20 to 40 mg/mL, a dense layer is formed at the top of the PbI2 film
that hinders the diffusion of MAI and results in incomplete conversion. Further increase of MAI
concentration above 40 mg/mL leads to the formation of low-dimensional perovskites which allow
the MAI to diffuse throughout the PbI2 layer. The low-dimensional perovskites can be converted
into the appropriate structure with applying Ostwald ripening and a moderate heat treatment,
enabling the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with a power-conversion of 11.2% and
no hysteresis. These results provide important progress towards the understanding of the role of
nucleation and microstructure growth-processing in the realization of low cost and highly efficient
solar cells
Keywords: Perovskite, solar cells, Oswald ripening, CH3NH3PbI3
25
Implementation of Integrated STEM Education: Sharing of a Research-Based, Research
Validated Pedagogical Approach
Ong Eng Tek*
Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract
While it has been given a strong emphasis across the globe, what constitutes an Integrated STEM
Education is still nebulous and that teachers are not implementing what is expected of them in that
they continue to enact and perpetuate the traditional separation or segmentation of disciplinary
content learning in schools. Hence, the deficiencies in the teachers’ understanding of, and
pedagogical competency in, employing an Integrated STEM Education approach needs to be
judiciously addressed. Accordingly, this presentation which aims to circumvent these deficiencies
to a certain extent is divided into two segments. Segment 1 invokes the enactment of a research-
based and research-validated pedagogical approach to integrating STEM Education. Segment 2
describes the provision of an in-service professional development course for science teachers on
integrating STEM Education and subsequently, establishes its effects on their pedagogical
knowledge and skills by means of a triangulation mixed-methods design.
Keywords: STEM education, pedagogical approach, continued professional development
26
Visible-Light-Induced Novel C-N, C-S and C-O Bond Formations under Mild Reaction
Conditions
R. Anandhan*
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025,
Tamil Nadu, India.
*Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract
With increasing environmental awareness, one of the most important tasks of organic chemistry is
discovering new green approaches for existing conventional methods to avoid usage of
carcinogenic chemicals and improve the atom economy. Recently, radical chemistry has begun to
play an immense role in the modern synthetic innovation by single-electron redox activities. In this
regard, visible light mediated synthesis has experienced renewed interest in the research of
chemical science. Photocatalysis promotes complex and challenging bond constructions under
mild reaction conditions. Therefore, we wish to present visible light induced C-N, C-S and C-O bond
formations under mild reaction conditions, as shown in the below schemes.
Scheme 1: Visible light initiated amino group ortho-directed copper(I)-catalysed aerobic oxidative
C(sp)–S coupling reaction.
Scheme 2: Visible light induced chemoselective aerobic Cα–H oxidation of propargylamines.
Keywords: Visible light, Cu catalyst, C-H oxidation, green approach
27
Study of Copper Oxide as Active Material for In-Activation of Sars-Cov-2 Variant Spike
Rahadian Zainul*
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang,
Indonesia.
*Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the ability of copper oxide to inactivate the Sars-Cov-2 Virus by
Physical Chemistry. The method used is computational Molecular Modeling using pyrx-autodock-
vina. The Spike variants analyzed were 6XC2, 71V2, 6XLU, 6MJO, 6MOJ, and 7LX5, from
www.rscb.org. Experiments were carried out on three groups of copper oxides, CuO, Cu2O and
CxOy (x 1, and y 2), from www.materialproject.org. Interaction test data in the form of RMSD and
Binding Energy. As a result, there is the largest interactions, (where RMSD crosses or 0),
CuO2(504100) – 7LX5 Spike Sars Cov 2 variant, with binding affinity -11.5. Meanwhile, low binding
energy occurs in the 6XC2 variant, in the 3.2 – 3.4 range. These results indicate that the copper
oxides CuO2_504100 can be confirmed to play an important role in the inactivation of the Sars
Cov-2 Spike Virus, particularly 7LX5 variant.
Keywords: In-activation, spike, Sars-Cov-2, binding energy, copper oxide
28
BB0016B
Entamoeba Genus Infection: Current Prevalence and Risk Factors among Orang Asli
Schoolchildren in Perak, Malaysia
Nur Insyirah Tokijoh1, Syazwan Saidin1*, Adibah Abu Bakar1, Nurulhasanah Othman2 and
Rahmah Noordin2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang,
Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Amoebiasis, a disease caused by the Entamoeba histolytica parasite, is estimated to cause 0.05-
0.1 million deaths each year and has become a public health concern in many developing
countries. In Malaysia, Entamoeba genus infection is still prevalent among Orang Asli
communities. However, there is still a scarcity of data on the prevalence of this infection,
particularly among Orang Asli children. Thus, this cross-sectional study was aimed to determine
the current prevalence and risk factors of the Entamoeba genus among Orang Asli schoolchildren
in Perak, Malaysia. A total of 544 stool samples were collected (March 2020 until April 2021) from
six selected Orang Asli primary schools in the districts of Muallim, Kinta and Batang Padang. All
samples were subjected to molecular detection using genus- specific PCR that amplifies the small
subunit rRNA gene sequences of Entamoeba species. Univariate and multivariate logistic
regression analyses were performed to measure the risk factors. PCR analysis showed 58.8%
(320/544) stool samples were detected positive for Entamoeba species. Univariate and
multivariate analyses showed that gender (AOR=0.655, CI=0.449,0.954; p=0.018), BMI
(AOR=0.254, CI=0.019,3.468; p=0.002), fathers’ occupation (AOR=0.454, CI=0.239,0.861;
p=0.000), household member (AOR=0.466, CI=0.228,0.955; p=0.027), mothers’ education level
(AOR=0.964, CI=0.523,1.778; p=0.037), not washing hands after defecate (AOR=5.433,
CI=1.291,22.86; p=0.035), and gastrointestinal symptom (nausea) (AOR=1.296, CI=0.518,3.246;
p=0.013) were significant risk factors associated with Entamoeba infection among these
children. Entamoeba genus infection is highly prevalent among Orang Asli schoolchildren in Perak.
Hence, health education focused on good personal hygiene practices and environmental sanitation
are needed to eradicate these parasite infections. Further study using species-specific primers
developed for Entamoeba complex differential diagnosis should also be done to determine the true
prevalence of species infections.
Keywords: Prevalence, Entamoeba genus, Orang Asli, schoolchildren, risk factor
29
BB0057B
Review of Molecular Analysis of Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila and Orthosiphon
stamineus using ITS2-RFLP Markers for Rapid Identification of the Herbal Substance in
Medicinal Tea Product
Siti Nor Amira Mohd Azli and Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin*
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Herbal medicinal products have been used enormously widely around the world for about centuries
until now. Malaysia, as the world's oldest rainforest, bless with multi biodiversity, with more than a
thousand plants having been identified containing the medicinal value. At the same time, more and
more people are worried about the substitution and counterfeiting of plant products, emphasizing
the need for authentication of plant sources used in plant products. This review gives an overview
of DNA barcoding technique on strength and limitations, and the approach on combining with DNA
based methods for successful identification of herbal substances in medicinal product. These
procedures include DNA barcoding and polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length
polymorphism method. DNA barcode is an approach for molecular authentication of plant products,
in which short DNA sequences in standardized areas are sequenced and compared with reference
databases. This review aims studies on molecular analysis by ITS2-RFLP markers for Eurycoma
longifolia, Labisia pumila and Orthosiphon stamineus for identification of the herbal substance in
medicinal product as a case study.
Keywords: Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila, Orthosiphon stamineus, ITS2-RFLP, herbal
medicinal, tea products
30
BB0058B
Plant Diversity along a Standardized Urbanization Gradient in an Expanding City of Ipoh,
Perak (Providing Human Needs vs Protecting Nature)
Balqis Aqila Alue1, Fatimah Mohamed1, Zahid Mat Said1, Kamarul Ismail2 and Noraine Salleh
Hudin1*
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Universiti
Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the leading drivers of plant diversity loss and expected to act as a filter for
plant species by altering their physiochemical environment. Plant communities adapt to urban
expansion in a sensitive way, and serve as a degree of urbanization. Many studies only focused
on the effects of urbanization on plant diversity in temperate countries, hence there is a need to
study how tropical plant species respond towards urbanization, particularly because of the rapid
urbanization in this region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the plant species composition
along an urbanization gradient in Ipoh, Perak. Urbanization gradient was quantified as the
percentage of built-up area within 1km2 area using the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). A
total of 12 sampling plots that sized 1km2 were established to represent different urbanization
intensities (urban, suburban, rural and wild land). In each plot, 40 subplots were arbitrarily picked
to form a total sampling site of 0.1 hectare. Any plants found in the subplots were identified at
species level. The results showed that 96 woody plant species belonging to 71 genera and 42
families. Species richness, evenness and diversity significantly decreased from wild land (d= 8.58,
J՛= 0.97, H՛= 4.11) to urban areas (d= 2.41, J՛= 0.90, H՛= 2.38). Thus, urbanization could significantly
influence plant diversity in Ipoh, Perak. The findings potentially contribute to understanding the
mechanisms behind urbanization's effects on plant diversity, and also how the plant diversity
changes along the urbanization gradient.
Keyword: Plant diversity, species richness, urbanization gradient, Ipoh, built up-area
31
BB0078B
Histological Effect of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Several Organs in
ICR Mice
Azam Muzafar Ahmad Mokhtar1, Haniza Hanim Mohd Zain1* and Mohammed Muayad TA2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Environmental Research Centre, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the histological effects of agarwood or specifically Aquilaria
malaccensis aqueous extract (AMAE) leaves on several organs in ICR mice. Acute toxicity study
was included which focused on finding AMAE toxicities. 39 male and 39 female mice with age of
12 weeks old were used. The mice were divided into 7 groups and each group contained only 12
mice (6 males and 6 females). All mice orally received the AMAE at a certain concentration which
are 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 mg/kg body weight and only one group was used as
control which was treated with normal saline. The extract was administered only once on the first
day. Results showed a significant difference in male mice body weight. Signs of abnormality such
as breathing condition, salivation, drowsiness, fur, faeces, skin, and eyes condition were observed
in all treated mice. All treated mice body fur seems to be affected while female mice face fur
appeared to be balding. Not only that, drowsiness was also detected in all treated mice and some
groups even showed abnormal faeces indicating an adverse reaction in their faecal production.
The histology of liver, kidney and stomach were also affected. Some portal vein and sinusoids in
AMAE treatment located inside liver tissue were filled with blood. All treated mice glomerulus
located in the kidney expanded and some burst glomeruli were also detected. The length of
mucosa located in the stomach tissue also seemed to be reduced and some gastric glands showed
obvious changes. Based on the data obtained, it can be stated that Aquilaria malaccensis is toxic
if taken at a high dosage due to the harmful side effect it caused on mice appearance, behaviour
and organ tissues. This indicates that Aquilaria malaccensis can be hazardous if taken at a dosage
of 4000 mg/kg or higher.
Keywords: Agarwood, Aquilaria, medicinal plants, medicinal properties, toxicity
32
BC0001B
Phytochemicals from Beilschmiedia as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery
Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh1*, Farediah Ahmad2 and Shamsul Khamis3
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia.
3Center for Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are known to contain substances which could be useful for the treatment of
diseases or for the production of drugs. These substances occur naturally in plants and are referred
to as secondary metabolites because they are synthesized to protect the plant other than for
growth. Most of these secondary metabolites possess medicinal potentials which are active against
many diseases. Before the advent of modern analytical techniques for the screening of plant
actives, the traditional plants have been used primitively to alleviate symptoms of illnesses such as
stomach ache, toothache, body pain and inflammation, diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, diabetes etc.
Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the phytochemistry and bioactivities of
Beilschmiedia species (B. madang, B. pulverulenta, B. glabra, B. penangiana, B. maingayi, B.
insignis) from the Lauraceae family. Purification of the extracts of Beilschmiedia species yielded
various types of compounds such as neolignans, lignans, triterpenes, and alkaloids, as well as two
new neolignans, madangones A and B, and two new phenanthrene alkaloids, beilschglabrines A
and B. Bioactivities including antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities
were also investigated. Madangone B (IC50 70.3 µM) found to have strongest DPPH assay,
beilschglabrine A displayed the best acetylcholinesterase (IC50 50.4 µM), while syringaresinol gave
the best activity in lipoxygenase (IC50 21.0 µM) assay. Conclusively, the idea of pushing natural
products' research on drug discovery and development requires constant update and well-
documented literature, as well as their potential in drug development, efficient delivery of drugs,
and therapeutic trial.
Keywords: Beilschmiedia, Lauraceae, phytochemistry, neolignan, alkaloid, inflammatory
33
BC0004B
Enhancement of Antimicrobe Activity and Degradability of Pickle Skin by Modification with
Nanoparticle Produced by using Red Algae (Gracilaria sp.)
E. Rohaeti1*, Z. F. Ramadhani, J. Ikhsan, E. W. Laksono and D. Y. Lestari
Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas
Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to characterize of nanoparticles which prepared with three
methods, i.e. extraction, microwave, and ultrasound, and also to study the effect of nanoparticles
in modification of pickle skin on hydrophobicity properties, mechanical properties, antimicrobial
activity, and biodegradation of skin. A silver nanoparticle was prepared by using extract of red algae
to change silver ion to nano. Extract solution of red algae was produced by using water solvent and
then mixture of extract and nitrate silver solution was shaken for 24 hours in extraction method.
The mixture was treated in microwave for 4 min at a power of 300 W to complete the formation of
nano. In the ultrasound method, the mixture was ultrasound treatment for 30 min. Characterization
was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a particle size analyzer to analysis silver
nanoparticle. Characterization of modified pickle skin was conducted by determining of
hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans, and also biodegradability of pickle. Based on
the results of UV-Vis and PSA analysis, silver nanoparticles were identified at a wavelength of
416.5 nm with a particle size of 77.2 nm for the microwave method, a wavelength of 421.0 nm with
a particle size of 90.4 nm for the extraction method, and a wavelength of 436.5 nm with a particle
size of 73 nm for the ultrasound method. There were significant differences in the hydrophobicity,
mechanical properties, activities of anti-bacteria and anti-fungi, and also degradability of pickle skin.
Keywords: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, nanoparticle, pickle skin, red algae,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
34
BC0008B
Preparation of Zirconia-Nickel Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle and Its Application
as a Dopamine Sensor
Mohamad Rafizie Aiman Mohamed Roduan*, Mohamad Idris Saidin, Siti Munirah Sidik, Illyas
Md Isa, Norhayati Hashim and Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this research, a zirconia-nickel doped with mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Zr-Ni MSN) has
been successfully prepared and characterized. The Zr-Ni MSN was characterized by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). This material was used in the
fabrication of modified glassy carbon electrode (Zr-Ni MSN/GCE) for the analysis of dopamine
(DA). The electroanalytical behavior of Zr-Ni MSN/GCE towards DA was evaluate by cyclic
voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry. Under
optimal conditions, the sensor showed a linear relationship concentration in the range of 0.3 µM
to 0.1 mM with limit detection of 0.13 µM. The relative standard deviation for the 0.1 mM of DA
was 0.7% (n=5). The interferences from other organic compounds and trace metals such as
catechol, saccharose, glycine, lactose, Cr3+, Fe2+ and Na+ did not influence the electrochemical
response of the sensor. The sensor was successfully applied in the analysis of DA in various
water samples. Zr-Ni MSN/GCE can serve as an alternative tool in the analysis of DA.
Keywords: Mesoporous silica, nickel-zirconia, dopamine, electrochemical sensor, voltammetry
35
BC0019B
Synthesis of Novel Dithiol-Functionalised -Al2O3 Nanocomposite for Effective Mercury
Adsorbent in Industrial Effluent
Nur Iraizzati Shaifudin* and Aisyah Mohamad Sharif
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Mercury is one of toxic heavy metals that is highly concerned globally. Minamata Convention was
established to address human’s activities related to mercury in hope to reduce mercury pollution.
Bad effects from consuming over-limit mercury are included memory-related diseases, failure of
organs and eventually lead to death. Not just humans, animals and plants also can get same effects
as humans if consume excessive mercury. To address the issues, many researchers tried and
produced some kind of methods, materials or complexes to reduce or to remove mercury especially
from water body. Adsorption is the most popular methods among them to remove mercury from
water by using a thiol-functionalized adsorbent. In this study, a thiol called 1,4-
benzenedimethanethiol (BDMT) was intercalated with -Al2O3 to form a complex, BDMT--Al2O3
which act as adsorbent to remove mercury from water body. -Al2O3 was produced by precipitation
method and characterized by XRD, BET, FESEM, TEM and XRF before intercalated with BDMT.
Keywords: Dithiol, -Al2O3 nanocomposite, adsorbent, mercury, waste
36
BC0020B
Visible-Light-Induced Aerobic C-H Oxidation of Propargylamine to Synthesis of
Substituted 2-ynamide and Oxazolo[2,3-A]isoquinolinones
Mandapati Bhargava Reddy, Neerathilingam Nalladhambi and Ramasamy Anandhan*
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025,
Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Propargylamines are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range of nitrogen
heterocyclic compounds consist of highly reactive amine and an alkyne moiety on the backbone.
In the oxidation reaction, mostly the oxidizing agent reacts with its nitrogen to give N-oxides and
Wacker-type oxidation of acetylenes into 1,2-diketones. Although, the C-H oxidation reaction of
propargylamine is unknown in the literature and also imperative demand in the synthetic
transformations. Based on literature and demands, we wish to report an efficient approach for
visible light initiated chemoselective aerobic C-H oxidation of propargylamines in the presence of
highly reactive nucleophilic amine and alkyne groups via molecular O2 as an oxidant using rose
bengal as photoredox catalyst and further, to disclose cyclization reaction for the synthesis of
oxazolo[2,3-a]isoquinolinone derivatives.
Keywords: Visible light, chemoselectivity, propargylamines, ynamides
37
BC0027B
Fabrication and Characterisation of Azobenzene-Linked Porpyrin Molecular Wires for Light
Harvesting System
Suzaliza Mustafar*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Azo group is an interesting motif to be integrated into a polymer structure due to their stability and
conductivity. By employing porphyrin monomer comprising anilino group, the tendency to
covalently linked two porphyrin monomers is high. Therefore, in this study azobenzene- linked
porphyrin polymer is fabricated by engaging electrochemical oxidation to induce oxidative coupling.
Since the modified electrode by thin films have many potential applications, three different electrodes
have been used as solid substrates to immobilize the porphyrin monomer on it. Even though these
three solid structures different from one another, the successful polymer immobilization on these
electrodes will open the possibilities to engage these modified electrons in various application
areas such as catalysis and light harvesting system. The generated polymeric film is expected to
show photofunctionality, so that the modified ITO with these polymeric films is engaged in
photocurrent generation measurement. Hence, the photofunctionality of the electropolymerised
porphyrin film was disclosed along with the plausible mechanism for photoelectric conversion.
Keywords: Molecular wires, azobenzene, photocurrent
38
BC0029B
Phytochemical Constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaf Extract and Their Anti-
Inflammatory Activity against LPS/IFN- Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Manar A. Eissa1*, Yumi Z. H-Y. Hashim1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz2, Hamzah Mohd.
Salleh1, Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa3, Nor Malia Abd Warif4, Fauziah Abdullah5, Eman
Ramadan6,8 and Dina M. El-Kersh7,8
1International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic
University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjung Malim,
Perak, Malaysia.
3Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Nursing, Kulliyah of Nursing, International Islamic
University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
4Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
5Phytochemistry Program, Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109
Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia.
6Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in
Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
7Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo
11837, Egypt.
8Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt, Cairo
11837, Egypt.
*Corresponding authors: [email protected]
Abstract
Aquilaria tree (Thymelaeaceae) is a source of the precious impregnated agarwood resin and
several bioactive compounds. However, the phytochemical constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis
leaves were not fully investigated. In the present study, the fractions of A. malaccensis leaf extract
(ALEX-M) offered the isolation of eight known compounds, epifriedelanol (1), 5-Hydroxy-7,4’-
dimethoxyflavone (2), Luteolin-7,3’,4’-trimethyl ether (3), Luteolin 7,4'- dimethyl ether (4), Acacetin
(5), Aquilarinenside E (6), Iriflophenone 2-O--L-rhamnopyranoside (7) and Iriflophenone 3-C--
glucoside (8). The compounds were isolated from the species for the first time. The structures of
the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of the spectroscopic data (IR, UV,
HRESIMS, 1D and 2DNMR). The anti-inflammatory activity of A. malaccensis leaves was
investigated through its crude extract (ALEX-M) and isolated compounds on LPS-stimulated
RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 1-5, 7 displayed inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated NO production,
with IC50 values ranging from 39.35±3.33 g/ml to 91.12±4.09 g/ml.
Keywords: Aquilaria malaccensis, agarwood, phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory, RAW 264.7
39
BC0031B
Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial Activity of Cardaria draba against
Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salam Ahmed Abed*
Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The present study was done to investigate the chemical components of Cardaria draba and, to
evaluate its antibacterial activity C. draba roots were extracted under reflux using 70% ethanol,
while the aerial parts; leaves and stems were extracted by soxhlet using ethanol, then filtered using
buchner system. The filtrates were evaporated to obtain concentrated viscous crude extract. The
antibacterial effect of both extracts was studied on resistance negative bacteria, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa by using Petri dish method to determine the MIC and MBC for both extracts. The results
of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins
in both roots and leaves with the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in higher concentrations in
roots. The result of antibacterial assay showed that MICs were approximately 230 µg/ml and 180
µg/ml for aerial parts and roots respectively, which indicated that a very little concentration of the
plant extract was able to inhibit the cell wall synthesis of the resistance bacteria.
Keywords: Cardaria draba, phytochemistry, antibacterial activity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
40
BC0032B
Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus Magnolia – A Review
Ahmad Azrul Hakim Yahaya and Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The genus Magnolia is comprising of about 219 species and is widely distributed in Asian and
American regions. Magnolia species have unique ornamental values, strong anti-pollution ability,
and have great economic and medicinal relevance due to their essential oils' chemical diversity and
biological potential. This review reports twenty-four Magnolia species growing around the world and
the chemical and biological properties of their essential oils. The data were collected from the
scientific electronic databases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google
Scholar. Chemically, eucalyptol, linalool, limonene, β-eudesmol, β-elemene, β-pinene, and
caryophyllene were reported as the primary components in the Magnolia essential oils. The
essential oils showed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial,
antiphotoaging, antifungal, cytotoxicity, antidermatophytic, nematocidal and cytotoxicity properties.
This review is mainly meant to provide relevant information on Magnolia species, with emphasis on
the essential oil, providing guidance for the selection of accessions or species with the best
chemical profiles. It was also possible to identify species that have not yet started studies and
possible activities of their essential oils. Besides, more preclinical analyses, as well as clinical trials,
are required to evaluate the potential of essential oils from Magnolia species for drug development.
Keywords: Essential oil, Magnolia, eucalyptol, linalool, antioxidant, antimicrobial
41
BC0033B
Essential Oils Composition and Biological Properties of the Genus Syzygium – A Review
Nur Hazwanie Abdul Kadir and Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Syzygium belongs to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae with about 1800 species and found in the tropical
region of Asia. The species present economic, medicinal, and pharmacological properties as well
as a source for pharmacochemistry studies. The local populations often use it for different medicinal
purposes, such as to treat diabetes, dysentery, stomachache, cold, and ulcer. The objective of this
study was to review the essential oils of the genus Syzygium and their biological activities. The
data were collected from the scientific electronic databases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier,
PubMed, and Google Scholar. A total of twenty-six Syzygium species have been reported for their
essential oils and biological activities. Sesquiterpenes were identified as the major group
components for Syzygium species with the presence of α,β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, α-
cadinol, germacrene D, viridiflorol, nerolidol, together with monoterpenes, α-pinene, β-pinene, o-
cymene, β-ocimene, and limonene. The essential oils also presented remarkable bioactivities such
as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, acetylcholinesterase, anti leishmanicidal,
cytotoxicity, larvicidal, oviposition deterrent, toxicity, genotoxicity, antimicrobial, α-amylase, anti-
inflammatory, and molluscicidal properties. Hence, these studies may contribute to the rational and
economic exploration of Syzygium species since it has been identified as potent natural and
alternative sources to the production of new herbal medicines.
Keywords: Essential oil, Syzygium, caryophyllene, pinene, antioxidant, antimicrobial
42
BC0038B
Insightful Discussion of Copper (I) Complexes as Promising Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized
Solar Cells
Anis Kharul Nada Mohd Yusuf1, Suzaliza Mustafar1*, Etty Nurlia Kusumawati2, Yusnita Juahir1,
Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim1 and Noorshida Mohd Ali1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-
0021, Japan.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Energy production must move away from fossil fuels and toward renewableresources such as wind,
solar, geothermal and so forth to replace the depletion of fossil fuels and gas sources. Solar energy
development is an alternative to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels which also helps to offset global
warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Generally, the photovoltaic (PV) cells are used
to convert solar energy to electrical energy. PV cells are generally classified based on the
generation (GEN) or category. Gallium arsenide and mono/polycrystalline silicon cells are the first
GEN whilst thin-film technologies are the second GEN. Third GEN such as Dye-sensitized solar
cells (DSSCs) still one of the best alternatives over silicon-devices due to its sustainability and rapid
improvement in conversion efficiency. However, there are several factors hampering dependency
on DSSCs such as cost and the efficiency of the systems. Therefore, we conducted a systematic
literature review based on the Scopus database to find out possible answers for those questions.
In general, we know dyes are very important in the DSSC to harvest large intensity of light spectrum.
The good dye sensitizers must be economical, practical and biocompatible. To the present time,
transition metal complexes based on ruthenium (Ru) are the most prevailing sensitizers. However,
these noble metal-based devices are not sustainable due to the toxicity and scarcity of Ru metal
which cause the environmental concerns. In addition, the scarcity of related metal salts causes the
price are inevitable high which not economical for consumers to bear. Thus, designing alternatives
that transcend these drawbacks is worthwhile in the long run. Sustainable sensitizers such as
organic dye which are low-priced and metal-free are already been discovered but most of them are
suffering from lower photostability. In this context, copper (Cu) complexes become the prominent
choice. Hence, this paper aims to review about Cu complexes as promising dye sensitizers for
DSSCs. Other than the economic benefits, Cu complexes mainly Cu(I) polypyridyl-based
compounds display numerous photophysical similarities with [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ such as strong
metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption in the visible and a relatively long excited-state
lifetime. In summary, qualities possess by Cu complexes are desirable for DSC sensitizers which
made Cu becomes the suitable replacement of Ru for cheaper yet superior in stability and
efficiencies of DSSCs than conventional silicon-based solar cells.
Keywords: Photovoltaic, dye-sensitized solar cells, copper (I) complexes
43
BC0040B
Facile Synthesis of Graphene in Alkaline Aqueous Solution
Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid1*, Illyas Md Isa1,2, Suriani Abu Bakar1,2 and Norhayati Hashim1,2
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
We report a simple, green and cost effective synthesis of graphene via chemical reduction of
graphene oxide in alkaline aqueous solution. Extensive characterizations have been studied to
confirm the formation of graphene in sodium carbonate solution. Cyclic voltammetry was used to
study the electrochemical properties of the prepared graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode
using potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe. Based on the result, with the addition of graphene
to the glassy carbon electrode the current flow increases and the peak also broadens as compared
to graphite and graphene oxide. This method is fast, cost effectively, and green as nontoxic
solvents are used which will not result in contamination of the products. Thus, this method can
serve for the preparation of graphene which can be effectively used in sensors, electronic devices
and super capacitor.
Keywords: graphene, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical, glassy carbon electrode
44
BC0048B
Polymeric Nanocomposite-Based Herbicide of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Coated-
Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-Quinclorac: A Controlled Release Purpose for
Agrochemicals
Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif1*, Norhayati Hashim1,2 and Illyas Md Isa1,2
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this work, the use of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is highlighted in enhancing the controlled
release behaviour of zinc/aluminium layered double hydroxide-quinclorac (Zn/Al-LDH-QC). The
Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC nanocomposite were characterised using powder x-ray diffraction, Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis and
field emission scanning electron microscopy. The release study was carried out in an aqueous
solution of Na3PO4, Na2SO4 and NaCl, so as to mimic the environmental condition where the QC
is frequently used. The Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC nanocomposites showed better performance in
releasing QC, with prolonged release time ranging from 163–6083 min, compared to 99–2639 min
for the uncoated nanocomposites. The hygroscopic nature of the CMC plays a critical role in
enhancing the release behaviour of the Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC. The kinetic study shows that the
Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model; hence the release
mechanism occurred via dissolution of the CMC matrix and the ion exchange process. These
results, therefore, indicate the potential of Zn/Al-LDH-QC-CMC in dealing with the downside effect
of the excessive usage of herbicide in paddy cultivation.
Keywords: Zinc/aluminium layered double hydroxide-quinclorac, carboxymethyl cellulose,
coating, controlled release formulation, kinetic
45
BC0053B
Alkaloids from Alphonsea sp. and Their In Silico Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities
M Nur Sidik1*, Yuhanis Mhd Bakri1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz1 and Chee Fah Wong2
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak.
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Gout is the most common inflammatory disease or inflammatory arthritis that results in joint pain
which caused by an increase in the level of uric acid in the body. Inhibition of uric acid formation is
done through inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase involved in the formation of uric acid. The
aim of this study was to identify in silico xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of alkaloids isolated
from Alphonsea sp. Two species were studied: Alphonsea cylindrica and Alphonsea elliptica. In
silico based on molecular docking using YASARA program was carried out to study the inhibition
mechanism and interactions of compounds against xanthine oxidase. Atherospermidine,
kinabaline, cyathocaline, N-methylouregidione along with standard allopurinol were
investigated. The results of the molecular docking study revealed that kinabaline has the lowest
docking energies among all the compounds tested at 6.9040 kcal/mol. It can be concluded that
cyathocaline and atherospermidine are competitive inhibitors while kinabaline and N-
methylouregidione showed non-competitive type of inhibition. Therefore, alkaloids are promising
remedy for the treatment of gout and related inflammatory disorders.
Keywords: Alphonsea sp., alkaloid, xanthine oxidase, gout, docking
46
BC0055B
Phosphorescent Cyclometallated 1,2,4-Triazolepyridyl-Based Iridium(III) Complex:
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Studies
Nurul Husna As Saedah Bain1, Noorshida Mohd Ali1*, Yusnita Juahir1, Norhayati Hashim1, Illyas
Md Isa1, Azmi Mohamed1, Azlan Kamari1, Bohari Mohd Yamin2, Amalina Mohd Tajuddin3 and
Muhammad Hazim Baharudin1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia.
3Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes have been considered as one of the most promising phosphors
in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high phosphorescent efficiencies, relatively
long lifespan, and versatile colour tunability. Herein, we report the synthesis, crystal structure and
photophysics studies of cyclometallated Ir(III) complex [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(pyta)Cl], where ppy and
pyta denote 2-phenylpyridine and pyridine-triazole respectively. This complex was successfully
synthesised by reacting dichloro-bridged Ir(III) dimer [Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(µ-Cl)]2 with 2.3 equiv of 2-
(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine and was characterised by spectroscopic methods; NMR, FTIR, UV-
Vis and LC-QTOF/MS. The molecular structure was figured out by the single crystal X-ray
diffraction technique and the study revealed that Ir(III) ion was coordinated to one pyridine-triazole,
one chloro and two difluorophenylpyridine ligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. Steady-state
emission spectroscopy demonstrated that the Ir(III) complex emitted blue-green light in
dichloromethane solution with an emission maximum at 469 nm due to the admixtures of 3LC and
3MLCT character excited states. Therefore, this study proved the photophysical properties of
[Ir(2,4- F2ppy)2(pyta)Cl] complex completely rely on the nature of the cyclometallating ligands
compared to the ancillary ligands.
Keywords: Iridium(III) complex, 1H-1,2,4-Triazole, ancillary ligand
47
BC0056B
Synthesis and Characterization of Chromone-Based Ligand and Its Fluorescent Property
Towards Pb2+/Hg2+ Ion
Yusnita Juahir1*, Wan Mohd Hilmey W Mohd Arifin1, Noorshida Mohd Ali1, Suzaliza Mustafar1,
Norlaili Abu Bakar1, Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad1, Faridah Lisa Supian2 and Uwaisulqarni M.
Osman3
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
3School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Monitoring of Pb2+ and Hg2+ metals is important in view of its utility as well as toxicity. Chromone-
based ligands, namely FCMSH and FCTSC were synthesised and characterised. The binding study
revealed the coordination FCMSH to the Pb2+/Hg2+ is through M-N (imine nitrogen atom) and M-O
(carbonyl and sulfonyl oxygen atoms). While, FCTSC coordinate to the Pb2+/Hg2+ ion through M-N
(imine nitrogen atom), M-O (carbonyl oxygen atom) and M-S (thiolic sulphur atom). Both are in
mononegative tridentate manner via ONO or ONS donor atoms. DCFCMSH exhibited the turn-on
fluorescence (501 nm) behaviour towards Pb2+/Hg2+, whereas the turn-off (quench) fluorescence
behaviour observed in AFCTSC. Thus, DCFCMSH and AFCTSC having good potential to be
developed as alternative fluorescent chemosensor for the determination of Pb2+ and Hg2+.
Keywords: Chromone-based, coordination, Pb2+/Hg2+ ion, fluorescent chemosensor
48
BC0062B
Electrochemically Modulated Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Enrichment
Maizatul Najwa Jajuli1,2, M. Hazwan Hussin1, Bahruddin Saad3, Afidah Abdul Rahim1, Marc
Hebrant2 and Gregoire Herzog2*
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor,
Malaysia.
3School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A new sample preparation method is proposed for the extraction of pharmaceutical compounds
(Metformin, Phenyl biguanide and Phenformin) of varied hydrophilicity, dissolved in an aqueous
sample. When in contact with an organic phase, an interfacial potential is imposed by the presence
of an ion, tetramethylammonium (TMA+), common to each phase. The interfacial potential
difference drives the transfer of ionic analytes across the interface and allows it to reach up to
nearly 100% extraction efficiency and a 60-fold enrichment factor in optimized extraction conditions
as determined by HPLC analysis.
Keywords: Interfacial potential, Metformin, Phenyl biguanide, Phenformin
49
BC0069B
The Potential of Areca catechu as Erectile Dysfunction Cure: A Review
Norkamilah Mohammed @ Abdullah1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz1*, Yuhanis Mhd Bakri1,
Rozita Yahaya1, Chee Fah Wong2, Hasimah Alimon2 and Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan3
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
3Makmal Isyarat Sel, Program Bioaktiviti, Bahagian Hasilan Semulajadi, FRIM, 52109 Kepong,
Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Areca catechu L. is a palm plant, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions, such as
Southern and Southeast Asia including Malaysia, China, Pakistan, Philippines, New Guinea and
Indonesia. This review focuses on the chemical constituents and biological activities of A. catechu,
and its relation to erectile dysfunction (ED) disease. Literature search was conducted on the
Mendelay web, PudMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct with the aim of identifying
all the relevant articles published from 2011 to 2021. Based on reviewed articles, the chemical
constituents isolated from the A. catechu namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes,
steroids, and fatty acids. A. catechu extracts have shown antihelmintic, anti-microbial, antioxidant,
fertility and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, many articles reported that the polar ethanol extracts of A.
catechu exhibited aphrodisiac effect to normal male rates that showed possibility to treat ED. In
conclusion, A. catechu has potential to be developed as pharmaceutical products in relation to ED.
The data provided may help the future researchers to further explore the potential of A. catechu as
an aphrodisiac agent. Therefore, it can help many couples to live their normal life and improve the
social and economy crisis.
Keyword: Areca catechu, fertility, aphrodisiac, Erectile dysfunction
50