IPCSM 2021 PROGRAMME BOOK

BC0077B

UV- Curing of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Potential Recognition System of
Hydroquinone

Norlin Suhaiza Musali1*, Norlaili Abu Bakar1, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim1, Wan Rusmawati
Wan Mahamod1 and Norhayati Hashim1,2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti
Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIPs) was prepared by mixing monomer hydroxyethylmethacrylate
(HEMA) and cross linker triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) using a dummy template p-
xylene. The UV-curing process was carried out at wavelength 405 nm. Extraction of template from
the imprinted polymer is carried out with the mixture of methanol and acetic acid in the ratio of 9:1
(v/v) for 6 hours to ensure the elimination of p-xylene from the polymer. Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of MIP 20/80 1% shows the existence of peak at the range of 840 –
860 cm-1 which represents the stretching outside the aromatic plane C-H at the para position. The
peak was believed to be p- xylene. The peak disappears after the washing and drying stage. This
indicates that all templates have been completely removed. The presence of carbonyl peak at 1719
cm-1 is referring to HEMA and TEGDMA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed some
phases of separation characterized by melting point (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc).
Meanwhile, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) result reveals that the highest decomposition of
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) occurs to polymer 80/20 which in line with the physical
properties of the polymer itself that exhibit the most fragile characteristic compared to the other
synthesized polymer. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) micrograph showed
that non-imprinted polymer (NIP) had no cavity as compared to MIP. The MIP shows positive
recognition against Hydroquinone.

Keywords: Molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP), Non-imprinted polymer (NIP), melting point (Tm),
crystallization temperature (Tc)

51

BC0084B
Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes and Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide
Supported Mono and Bimetallic Nanocomposites
Kuppan Sivaranjan*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Graphene oxide supported mono GO/Ag and bimetallic (GO/Ru–Ag) nanocomposites (NCs) were
prepared via a simple chemical reduction method. The newly designed GO-supported mono and
bimetallic NCs were characterized using various techniques, such as Fourier transform-infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM).
Furthermore, the GO-supported mono and bimetallic NCs were utilized for the reduction of two
organic dyes, crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG), using NaBH4 in an aqueous medium
at 25 ℃. The catalytic reaction followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, as monitored using
UV-visible spectroscopy. In addition to this, the antibacterial activity of these prepared mono and
bimetallic NCs was studied against two Gram (+ve), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and
Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and two Gram (-ve) bacteria, Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and
Escherichia coli (E. coli). The bimetallic NCs exhibited excellent catalytic and antibacterial activity
as compared to the monometallic NCs.
Keywords: Bimetallic nanocompisite, Ag, Ag/Ru, catalytic reduction, antibacterial

52

BC0085B

Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Lamellar Liquid Crystals of Tween 65/H2O/VCO System: Thermal
Stability and Rheological Properties

Norzakiatul Husna Isnolamran1, Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod1*, Norlaili Abu Bakar1, Norhayati
Hashim1 and Siti Aisyah Shamsudin2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Considering the nutrients provided by the virgin coconut oil (VCO) and the uniqueness of the
lamellar liquid crystal (Lα) structure that mimics the skin layer, the VCO-based Lα (V- Lα) system is
the perfect combination for application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. In this study, the
V-Lα of Tween 65 (T65)/H2O/VCO samples have been synthesized via titration method. The effect
of VCO content on thermal stability and rheology of Lα structure was investigated in this paper. The
textures, structural parameters, thermal studies and rheological behavior were characterized via
polarizing optical microscopy (POM), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS), differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) and rheometer, respectively. The POM morphology demonstrated the maltese
cross and oily streak of lamellar phase. The 1:2 periodically ratio of scattering vector value, q in the
SAXS spectrum confirmed the existence of a lamellar structure. The repeat distance (d) slightly
decreased as the VCO content increased. The results showed that all the samples displayed
viscoelastic fluid behaviour with pseudoplastic characteristics (shear thinning). The high VCO
content was found to interfere the thermal stability and rheological behavior and in turn illustrates
the weakness of the internal structure of the V- Lα. This synthesized system meets the criteria as a
good carrier medium and has great potential for topical applications.

Keyword: VCO-based lamellar liquid crystal, structural, thermal, rheological properties

53

BC0087B
Influence of CB on Rheological Properties of V-Lα of T80:B30/H2O/VCO System

Nor Ain Mohamed Arifin1, Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod1*, Norlaili Abu
Bakar1, Norhayati Hashim1 and Siti Aisyah Shamsudin2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Crisaborole (CB) is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that has been prescribed
to treat mild to moderate eczema while lamellar liquid crystal (Lα) is a phase that is gaining
significant attention in current research as a topical drug delivery system due to its structural
uniqueness. However, to date the study of CB incorporation into the Lα phase has yet to be
explored. In this study, virgin coconut oil (VCO) based lamellar liquid crystal (V-Lα) of Tween
80:Brij30(1:9)/H2O/VCO was formulated using titration method. The influence of the CB contents
on the rheological properties of V-Lα samples was investigated. Optical polarising microscopy
(OPM) and rheometer were used to examine how V-Lα responded to the inclusion of CB, in terms
of their rheological characteristics. The existence of oily streak and maltese cross textures on the
OPM images indicate the presence of lamellar texture. These V- Lα samples exhibit typical
rheological properties of lamellar mesophases i.e viscoelastic with shear thinning behaviour. The
results also show that the content of CB does influence the rheological properties of the lamellar
mesophases. The stable internal lamellar network structure was obtained at the 5% of CB content.
The evolution of lamellar microstructure caused by shear was clearly indicated by the values of
different flow indices in different power law regions detected from the flow curve. This formulation
has great potential for use as a topical application in general and as an atopic dermatitis cream in
particular.

Keywords: Liquid crystal, lamellar, virgin coconut oil, Crisaborole, rheological properties

54

BC0090B
Visible Light Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Primary Alcohols with o-Aminobenzamides

and o-Aminobenzenesulfonamides by Selectfluor
Kesavan Prasanth, Mandapati Bhargava Reddy and Ramasamy Anandhan*
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025,

Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Quinazolinones and benzothiadiazines are essential building blocks in various alkaloids and
numerous important biologically active compounds. In recent years the use of visible light-promoted
photoredox catalysis has been attracted significantly towards the development of alpha C(sp3)-H
of alcohols via the HAT process. Herein, a mild and convenient method for oxidative cyclization of
primary alcohols with o-aminobenzamides and o-aminobenzenesulfonamides to achieve
quinazolinones and benzothiadiazines under visible-light irradiation has been reported. Selectfluor
is used as hydrogen atom transfer reagent for oxidative cyclization reaction under visible light
irradiation. This photochemical approach offers broad substrate scope of quinazolinones and
benzothiadiazines under mild reaction conditions.
Keywords: Visible light, oxidative cyclization, quinazolinones, benzothiadiazines

55

BC0093B
Visible-Light-Induced Metal-Free Synthesis of Amides from N,N-dibenzylanilnes using
Organic Dye as Photocatalyst
Nalladhambi Neerathilingam and Anandhan Ramasamy*
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai-600 025,
Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract

The synthesis of structurally ubiquitous amide motifs is essential in the assembly of numerous important
molecules such as peptides, proteins, alkaloids, pharmaceutical agents, polymers, ligands and
agrochemicals. During last decades, amides were synthesized using expensive transition metals and
harsh conditions. In the past few years organic chromophores have played a promising role in photo
catalysis due to broad range of substrate scope and alternatives to transition metal catalyzed examples.
Therefore, we wish to report a visible light mediated metal-free strategy to synthesis amides from N,N-
dibenzylanilnes via highly efficient N-benzylic C–H oxygenations using rose bengal as photocatayst.
During the presentation we will present our strategy for synthesis of series amide compounds, as
well as reaction mechanism through the experimental studies.
Keywords: Visible light, amides, photocatalyst

56

BC0100B
Improvement of Titania-Based Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants in

Wastewater
Nurul Adilah Mohd Noor, Siti Munirah Sidik* and Mohamad Saufi Rosmi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,

35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation has gained attention as an environmentally friendly technology as it
offers mild reaction conditions for wastewater treatment. The present review mainly describes the
strategies to improve the photodegradation of organic pollutants through modification of titania-
based photocatalyst since TiO2 has several drawbacks such as wide band gap (3.2 eV) and rapid
recombination of photogenerated charges that inhibit its full potential towards photocatalysis.
Therefore, much effort to obtain excellent photocatalytic performance including the use of
mesoporous materials and the addition of metal doping into the TiO2 are highlighted to propose a
mechanistic study of promising photocatalytic method. Incorporating mesoporous materials within
the TiO2 enhance the interaction of organic pollutant and photocatalyst as it produces large surface
areas that improve the photocatalytic activity. Doping with metal will suppress the recombination
between electron/hole pairs produced on photon absorption as it acts as electron sinks that may
improve the photocatalytic performance by the quantum yield of superoxide radicals.
Keywords: TiO2, synthesis method, mesoporous material, metal doping, photodegradation,
organic pollutant

57

BC0103B
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes using Electric Arc Furnace Slag as a Source of Catalyst
Ong Suu Wan1, Mohd Shaiful Aidil Mohd Syafaruddin1, Mohamad Saufi Rosmi1, Zaiton Abdul
Majid2, Muhammad Zamir Othman2, Suriani Abu Bakar3, Nor Azuah Buang2, Siti Munirah Sidik1
and Illyas Md Isa1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai,
Johor, Malaysia.
3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Low-cost productions of high quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied. Carbon
nanotubes have been synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition previously. Here, high
purity and quality of carbon nanotubes with about 30 nm in diameter have been successfully
produced using catalyst derived from electric arc furnace slag and acetylene gas (C2H2) as a carbon
source via chemical vapor deposition. Characterization of carbon nanotubes was carried out by
field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon
nanotubes were highly graphitized (ID/IG ratio = 0.25) and have higher purity up to 90 %. Because
the catalyst is unsupported catalyst, they can be removed from carbon nanotubes by simple reflux
with low concentration of hydrochloric acids for only 30 minutes.
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, thermal chemical vapour deposition, unsupported catalyst, electric
arc furnace slag

58

BM0028B

Analysis of Area Under a Curve (AUC) using C-Programming: Trapezium and Simpson
Rules Techniques

Abu Bakar Ibrahim1*, Fauzi Mohammad Yusof2, Sumayyah Dzulkifly1 and Ainul Nadira Tuah1

1Department of Computing, Faculty of Art, Computing and Industry Creative, Universiti
Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the Area Under a Curve (AUC) Using C Programming: Two methods
were selected namely Trapezium Method and Simpson Method. In mathematical solutions there
are many different methods applied and used in an effort to solve numerical integration for different
data spaces. Among them are the Trapezium and Simpson methods widely used to solve numerical
integration equations. The objectives of this study are to study the more accurate calculation of the
area under a curve and to identify the differences between the trapezium and simpson methods in
the calculation of the area under a curve as well as compare between the more relevant Trapezium
and Simpson methods to use. This study focuses on identifying methods that provide more
accurate value in the area under a curve. The purpose of the study was to study the more accurate
values of the area under a curve between the trapezium method and the simpson method using c
programming. This study was conducted to find the accuracy in the area under a curve between
the trapezium method and the simpson method. This study was conducted quantitatively using the
ADDIE method. The results of calculations using c programming show that 6.93% difference in the
area of the area under a curve between the trapezium method compared to the accurate calculation
(using a calculator) and while 6.23% difference in the area under a curve compared to the simpson
method. In general, the data show that the simpson method obtains a relatively low difference of
0.623 compared to the trapezium method of 0.693. The simpson method has a more accurate
approximate value compared to the trapezium method.

Keywords: C-Programming, Trapezium Rules, Simpson Rules, Area under Curve

59

BM0039B
Regionalization of Rainfall Regimes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using Principal Component

Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis
Muhamad Afdal Ahmad Basri and Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin*
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Monthly precipitation data, between years 1970-2019, obtained from Meteorological, Climatological
and Geophysical Agency database, were analyzed to regionalize precipitation regimes in
Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Heirarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was applied to group the
homogenous precipitation regimes. According to the HCA, four distinct and homogenous region
were recognized. Then, the S-mode of principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on
seasonal correlation matrix. Based on the 75 percent of cumulative percentage, 14 factors for Dry
season and Rainy Season and 12 factors for Inter-monsoon were extracted between the
components and varimax rotation was used to enhance interpretability of retained PCA scores.
This study showed that the dataset potentially could be used for regionalization of precipitation
rainfall in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. According to results, use of this dataset in order to group
precipitation regimes is recommended for arid and semi-arid regions of mid-latitudes, especially in
the area of South East Asia.
Keywords: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Heirarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA)

60

BM0070B
Unicyclic Graphs with Maximum Randić Indices

Roslan Hasni1*, Nor Hafizah Md Husin2 and Zhibin Du3
1Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
3School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong, P. R.

China.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
The Randić index R(G) of a graph G is the sum of the weights ( u v)-½ of all edges uv in G, where
u denotes the degree of vertex u. In 2011, Du and Zhou determined the n-vertex unicyclic graphs
with the third for n ≥ 5, the fourth for n ≥ 7 and the fifth for n ≥ 8 maximum Randić indices. Recently,
Li et al. (2016) obtained the n-vertex unicyclic graphs with the sixth and the seventh for n ≥ 9 and
the eighth for n ≥ 10 maximum Randić indices. In this paper, we characterize the n-vertex unicyclic
graphs with the ninth, the tenth, the eleventh, the twelfth and the thirteenth maximum Randić
values.
Keywords: Randić index, maximum values, unicyclic graphs, ordering

61

BP0012B
Power Limit for a Stable Optical Trapping of a Single Microcluster of Calix[4]Arene
Trapping in Water
Nur Izzati Mahadi and Shahrul Kadri Ayop*

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
This study aims to determine the upper and lower limit of laser power density for the purpose of
stable optical trapping of a single microcluster of calix[4]arene in water. Various size of the
microcluster (1µm-10µm) was trapped optically trapped using optical tweezers at 976 nm. in
deionized water (DIW). The optical stiffness of the optical trap is evaluated by determining the corner
frequency from the Power Spectral Density of the microcluster trajectory. It has been found that
the minimum laser power required for the optical trapping of a single microcluster, regardless of
the sizes of the microcluster, is 2.72 mW. However, the maximum laser power for the optical
trapping varies with the size of the microcluster.
Keywords: Optical tweezers, calixarene, microcluster, optical trapping, water, laser power

62

BP0014B
Optical Stiffness of an Optically Trapped 4-Cyano-4’-Pentylbiphenyl (5CB) in the Form of a

Microdroplet in Water
Muhamad Safuan Mat Yeng, Shahrul Kadri Ayop* and Izan Roshawaty Mustapa
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the optical stiffness ( ) of an optically trapped 4-Cyano-4’-
Pentylbiphenyl (5CB) in the form of a microdroplet in water. The optical stiffness is an essential
parameter for the calibration of optical trapping for force related measurements and micro
actuating applications. A 0.5 µL of 5CB was dispersed in 2 mL of deionized water to produce a
solution with a 5CB microdroplet. The optical tweezers with a 976 nm laser were used to optically
trap a single 5CB microdroplet. It was found that 1.1 µm diameter 5CB microdroplet showed a
non-linear relationship of corner frequency and optical stiffness at increasing laser power density
due to weak trapping. However, 2.0 µm diameter 5CB microdroplet showed a linear relationship
of corner frequency and optical stiffness at increasing laser power density in stable trapping
conditions. Thus, the diameter of the 5CB microdroplet has a significant effect on stable optical
trapping. This study was expected to contribute to the control precision for LC-based sensing and
actuating applications.
Keywords: Optical, stiffness, 4-Cyano-4’-Pentylbiphenyl, 5CB, microdroplet, water

63

BP0042B

Design of Magneto Rheological Suspension of C-Class Car Segment using for Bouc Wen
Model for Education

Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail1*, Irdayanti Mat Nashir1, V. Sethuprakash1 and Kazuma Sekiguchi2

1Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education,
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Tokyo City University, 1 Chome-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya City, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This research describes the development of twin tube Magneto rheological suspension system of
Proton Preve car model. Basic information and knowledge were obtained through a literature
review on designing a multiple degree of freedom mass spring damper, the mathematical model
involved, and the controller using Matlab/Simulink. The next step was then to determine the
parameters involved in this project, which were mass, damper spring resistance, etc. Based on the
mathematical model obtained, the system was designed in Simulink using the force disturbance
obtained from data sheet as the input. After successfully simulating the system, the controller was
designed using Simulink and implemented. By using a PID controller, results were obtained and
compared to determine which parameters that enabled the best performance in reducing vehicle
vibrations. A prototype of the MR damper was built, which was a major contribution of this project.
The MR Proton Preve Damper was designed according to the C-class C-class dimensions. A
quarter car system was designed following the equations of a 2DOF system. A PID controller
simulation was performed and compared with the OEM C- class damper. In the next phase, a
simulation was also conducted to aid in the design of the MR C-class damper. The MR damper
was a twin tube design, where the coil was integrated with the piston of the damper. In response
to forces applied, the twin tube design allowed the piston to travel only within a fixed distance in
the cylindrical reservoir. The twin tube design kept the MR fluid within the reservoir. The electrical
wire passed through the channel in the piston rod using a perforation technique.

Keywords: Magneto rheological damper design, Bouc Wen model, C-class segment

64

BP0044B
Magneto Rheological Suspension Control using Matlab and Arduino PID Controller for the

Formula Malaysia Education Competition (Formula MEC)
Mohamad Amiruddin Ismail1*, Irdayanti Mat Nashir1, V. Sethuprakash1 and Kazuma Sekiguchi2

1Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education,
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tamazutsumi, Setagaya
City, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Formula MEC car development using MR suspension system became popular and necessary
nowadays. Basic information and knowledge of FMEC formula car was obtained through a literature
review on designing a multiple degree of freedom mass spring damper, the mathematical model
involved, and the controller using Matlab/Simulink. The next step was then to determine the
parameters for this formula car, which were mass, damper spring resistance, etc. Based on the
mathematical model, the system was designed in Simulink using the force disturbance obtained
from previous experiment. After successfully simulating the system, the controller was designed
using Simulink and implemented. By using a MR damper, results were obtained and compared to
determine which parameters that enabled the best performance in reducing vehicle vibrations. A
prototype of the MR damper was built in Simulink and Arduino micro controller, which was a major
contribution of this research. The MR Damper was designed according to the Formula MEC
specification. A quarter car system for formula car was designed following the equations of a 2DOF
system. the next phase, a simulation was also conducted to aid in the design of the MR Formula
MEC damper.
Keywords: Magneto rheological damper design, Formula Car Malaysia Education Competition (F-
MEC), Matlab, Simulink, Arduino microcontroller

65

BP0066B
Transmitting Performance Simulation of Piezoelectric Transducer for Underwater
Application
Siti Azizah Muhamad Lotfi* and Mohd Ikhwan Hadi Yaacob

Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
This paper reports transmitting performance simulation of the circular piezoelectric transducer
using finite element analysis (FEA) approach. The 3D model of the transducer is designed and
simulated using 6 different piezoelectric materials. FEA simulation and modelling had been carried
out using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 software. Thickness and radius of the piezoelectric
material layer were varied and transmitting performance were compared and analyzed. From this
simulation, transmitting performance of PMUT is decreased as the membrane radius increased,
while it increased as the thickness of piezoelectric material layer increased. The total device
thickness at 430 µm with the membrane radius at 1500 µm, show the best performance at 240
kHz of frequency, tailored for many underwater applications. The thickness and radius have
contributed significantly on the mechanical stress generated at the surface of piezoelectric material
layer, in contact with the electrode. Hence, the device radius and thickness of piezoelectric layer
are considered, regardless of the type of piezoelectric material used.
Keywords: Piezoelectric, underwater PMUT, simulation, transmitting performance

66

BS0051B

Agarwood Production of Aquilaria malaccensis using Various Inoculants and Techniques

M. Z. Mustapa1,4*, M. A. Alias1, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz2, Chee Fah Wong3, Mastura
Ibrahim2, Rozita Yahaya2 and Yuhanis Mhd Bakri2

1Faculty of Forestry and Environment, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia.

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

4Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Menara PGRM, Jalan Pudu Ulu, 50728 Cheras, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Agarwood, the fragrant resinous wood of Aquilaria species, is precious and widely used in
medicine, religion and perfume. Aquilaria malaccensis cultivation and inoculation techniques have
been successfully developed in Malaysian plantations to protect endangered Aquilaria species. In
this paper, five inoculants and four methods of inductions were analysed and compared for their
effectiveness. Two phases of agarwood harvesting were executed after 18 months and 24 months
of incubation period. The results showed that inoculant RAHE Probio had effectively stimulated the
agarwood formation during 24 months of incubation. On top of that, the bamboo stick and dripping
method was the best inoculation technique with a mean yield of agarwood, 22.57 kg/tree. With the
latest induction technologies developed in Malaysia plantation, it is now possible to cultivate high-
value agarwood in young plantation tree.

Keywords: Agarwood, Aquilaria malaccensis, inoculant, plantation

67

BBE0068B

Kertas Konsep Pembangunan Permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’ bagi Subtopik
Pencernaan dalam Matapelajaran Biologi Tingkatan 4

Nurul Hanim Mustafa dan Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad*

Jabatan Biologi, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung
Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak

Pembelajaran berasaskan permainan merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang
mengintegrasikan aktiviti keseronokan semasa dan selepas pembelajaran. Penekanan elemen
bermain sambil belajar dapat memberi impak positif untuk meningkatkan prestasi, minat dan
motivasi murid. Tajuk pencernaan dipilih berdasarkan kajian keperluan yang menunjukkan
kesalahan konsep murid dari segi istilah, proses dan pengetahuan sedia ada. Proses
pembangunan permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’ ini adalah berdasarkan model reka bentuk
ADDIE. Bagi menumpukan elemen bermain sambil belajar, teori yang mendasari kajian ini adalah
Teori Konstruktivisme, Teori Kognitif, Teori Behaviorisme, Teori Game-Based Learning dan model
pembelajaran koperatif. Kajian lepas juga menyatakan bahawa pendekatan bermain sambal
belajar dapat membantu murid untuk memberi tumpuan sepenuhnya kepada istilah, proses dan
pengetahuan sedia ada terutamanya dalam topik pencernaan ini. Melalui pembangunan
permainan ini, sesi pembelajaran dapat dilaksanakan secara bermakna melalui pendekatan
‘learning by doing’ yang mana murid dapat menjana idea pemikiran dan kefahaman semasa
bermain permainan ‘BioDigestix Fun Game’. Diharapkan, pembangunan permainan ‘BioDigestix
Fun Game’ dapat memberi implikasi yang holistik kepada sistem pendidikan di Malaysia
terutamanya dalam matapelajaran Biologi.

Kata kunci: BioDigestix Fun Game, pembelajaran berasaskan permainan, pencernaan dan
pencapaian

68

BBE0076B
Development of ARcell Apps for The Topic of the Structure of Cells and Organelles
Rohani Hashim1, Che Nidzam Che’ Ahmad1*, Nor Nafizah Mohd Noor1, Nur Zakirah Mohd
Nizam1, Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh1 and Endang Setyaningsih2

1Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Muhammadiyah
Surakarta, Indonesia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
This research aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of Augmented Reality apps named
ARcell for the topic of The Structure of Cells and Organelles. The design used was development
research [15],[5]. The development of this ARcell apps was based on the ADDIE model with the
integration of Constructivism learning theory and Mayer Cognitive theory of multimedia learning.
The validity of the ARcell apps was determined by experts, while the reliability was based on the
pilot study. The usability of ARcell apps was determined through 101 Form 6 student’s perceptions
randomly selected from three schools in Malacca. The data were analysed descriptively using the
SPSS. The findings reported that the ARcell apps had good validity and reliability with a CVI of 0.96
and a Cronbach Alpha value of 0.93. ARcell also had good usability in terms of design, functionality,
ease of use, learnability, satisfaction, future use, and system reliability, with a high mean value of
3.94. Essentially, the ARcell apps had good validity, reliability and usability and are very suitable
for the use in the learning of Form 6 biology in the topic of Cell Structure and Organelles. The
implications of this study indicated that the ARcell could be used as an additional teaching aid and
can be a catalyst for a fresh global learning approach in Malaysia.
Keywords: Augmented Reality, biology, usability, education 4.0, ADDIE model, COVID-19

69

BBE0107B

Evaluation of a Higher Order Thinking Skills Test for the Topic of Cell Division and
Subtopic of Gametogenesis (UKBATG)

Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh1, Che Nidzam Che Ahmad1*, Norhamidah Hussain1, Endang
Setyaningsih2, Saidatul Ainoor Shaharim3 and Rohani Hashim1

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Muhammadiyah
Surakarta, Indonesia.

3School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang,
Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This quantitative study aimed to evaluate the quality of a Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Test
instrument for the topic of Cell Division and the subtopic of Gametogenesis (UKBATG). UKBATG
contains 25 items in the form of multiple-choice and 6 subjective items that can measure students'
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The process of validity was conducted by five experts in the
field of Biology and HOTS and two experts in the field of Malay language and English language.
The reliability of UKBATG was determined by calculating the KR-20 coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha
coefficient, and inter-rater reliability (IRR) by determining the intra-class correlation coefficient
(ICC). The quality of UKBATG was also determined by calculating the difficulty index, p and
discrimination index, D for each item. Findings showed that all UKBATG items have a good validity
exceeding 70% agreement among experts. In terms of reliability, it was found that the KR-20
coefficient was 0.774, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.844 and the ICC coefficient in the range of 0.635
to 0.841. The values of p and D indicated that the UKBATG items were at a moderate level and
were accepted as good items. In conclusion, this study successfully developed an instrument that
is good in terms of validity and reliability and also has good item quality. The implication is that the
UKBATG can be used to measure students’ HOTS and increase the number of HOTS test
instruments, especially in Biology.

Keywords: Validity, reliability, difficulty index, discrimination index, biology

70

BCE0002B

Enhancing Self-Directed Learning Skills via Blended Problem-Based Learning in
Chemistry Learning

Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim1, Khairul Azhar Jamludin2*, Mohd Shafie Rosli3, Muhd Ibrahim Muhamad
Damanhuri1, Hafsah Taha1, Mohamad Termizi Borhan4

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Centre of Education Leadership and Policy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia.

3School of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,

35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Students' mastery of the Three Representation Levels of Chemistry Concept (macroscopic,
microscopic, and symbolic) is still weak and this has affected their academic performance in
Chemistry subject. This is resulted from poor engagement of students in the teaching and learning
process. The current teaching practice is teacher-centered learning and does not encourage self-
directed learning. Therefore, there is a need to implement Blended Problem-Based Learning
(BPBL) which encourages students’ self-directed learning in face-to-face and online learning mode.
This study is aimed at: (i) identifying how self-directed learning skills are being applied in the BPBL,
and (ii) identifying how BPBL enhances self-directed learning skills. This study employed a
qualitative approach through a case study research design (exploratory and explanatory). Two
teachers and 20 students were selected using purposive sampling, which became the sample for
this study. Data were collected from observations, students’ documents and semi-structured
interview and analysed thematically. Generally, the findings indicated that the BPBL approach was
able to enhance students’ ability to: (i) plan a problem-solving process, (ii) analyze, assess
understanding and provide justification as well as (iii) evaluate references and information. These
skills have contributed to mastery of the Three Representation Levels of Chemistry Concept and
they were able to avoid the formation of alternative concepts. The findings of this study can serve
as a reference to effectively implement BPBL in the context of Chemistry learning in Malaysia.

Keywords: Three representation levels of chemistry concept, blended problem-based learning,
self-directed learning

71

BCE0011B
Do Chemistry Teachers Need Flipped Classroom Learning Kit?
Nurul Ain Ashikin Halin and Tien Tien Lee*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Flipped classroom is one of the latest teaching methods that is more flexible than conventional
methods. The development of flipped classroom learning kit is one of the efforts to reduce teachers’
burden during teaching and facilitating process. By using flipped classroom approach, it gives
students opportunity to choose an appropriate time to study and train them to make early
preparations before actual class begins. This study was conducted to investigate the needs of
flipped classroom learning kit among Chemistry teachers in Malacca. This study also aims to
identify the appropriate learning area and content for the development of flipped classroom learning
kit. A total of 60 Chemistry teachers were randomly selected from the state of Malacca as sample in
this needs analysis survey. Questionnaire was used as instrument to obtain feedback from the
respondents. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation
were used to analyses the data. Results of the study found that 88.33% of Chemistry teachers
need flipped classroom learning kit to help them deliver the lesson more effectively. In addition,
Periodic Table of Elements (35.24%) especially the elements in Group 1 (50.00%) were chosen by
most teachers as the content for the flipped classroom learning kit. Therefore, a Flipped Classroom
Alkali Metals (FCAM) learning kit will be developed to assist the teachers and students in the
teaching and facilitating process. It is hoped that this learning kit can reduce teachers’ burden as
well as improving students’ achievement in Chemistry, especially in Periodic Table of Elements
topic.
Keywords: Flipped classroom, learning kit, needs analysis, Periodic Table of Elements

72

BCE0022B
The Effectiveness of Green Chemistry Experiments on Students’ Achievement in
Electrochemistry

Nur Liyana Zahari1* and Hafsah Taha2

1Sekolah Menengah Teknik Sejingkat, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
2Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung

Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

Green chemistry should be applied in the implementation of our national chemistry curriculum to
ensure the success of education on sustainability or environmental education. Green chemistry
experiments use the concept of reducing the use of chemicals by replacing chemicals with benign
chemicals and recycled materials to approximate sustainable use of materials. This quasi-
experiment study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of green chemistry
experiments on students’ achievement in electrochemistry. The pre- and post-tests were
administered to 22 high school students who took Form Four Chemistry subject and were randomly
divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group carried out electrochemistry
experiments based on the green chemistry lab manual while the control group carried out
conventional chemistry experiments based on the practical textbook provided by the ministry. Data
obtained were analysed using t-tests. Results showed no significant difference in the pre-
achievement test for the control and treatment groups [t(10) = -1.773, p > 0.05]. However, there
seemed to be a significant difference for the treatment group in the pre and post achievement test
[t(10) = −2.823, p < 0.05]. Therefore, it is indicated green chemistry experiments may have a
positive impact on students’ achievement in electrochemistry. The green chemistry experiments
seemed to engage students in actively learning the topic and facilitate teachers to diversify their
laboratory pedagogy.

Keywords: Green chemistry experiments, education on sustainability, electrochemistry,
environmental education, laboratory pedagogy

73

BCE0037B
Development and Usability of Acid-Base E-Flashcard (ABeF) from the Perspective of
Student Teachers
Lai Yie Lin Emilia and Tien Tien Lee*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop the Acid-Base e-Flashcard (ABeF) and investigate student
teachers’ perception towards the usability of ABeF. The research design of this study is design and
development research. The ABeF development process was based on the five phases of ADDIE
model. Two instruments were used in this study, which are the content validity evaluation form and
usability questionnaire. Two Chemistry lecturers have been appointed to validate the content
validity of ABeF. All the semester seven student teachers from Bachelor of Education (Chemistry)
program (32) were chosen as the sample to identify the reliability of the usability questionnaire
during the pilot study. A total of 201 semester one to six student teachers from Bachelor of
Education (Chemistry) program were selected as the respondents for the field study. The findings
show that the Cohen kappa coefficient value for the validity of ABeF was 1.00. The mean values
for the usability of ABeF in terms of usefulness, satisfaction and ease of use were 3.82 (SD = 0.39),
3.84 (SD = 0.37) and 3.84 (SD = 0.37), respectively. In conclusion, ABeF has a high validity and
usability index. The implication of this study is to help the teachers and student teachers to teach
acid and base topic in a more interesting way. Besides, form four Chemistry students can learn
acid and base topic better with the help of ABeF that can be visualized and touched.
Keywords: Acid base, e-Flashcard, ADDIE Model, validity, reliability, usability

74

BCE0047B
The Development of Chemistry Matriculation Module: Need Analysis
Nor Syatilla Haerany Abd Ghani1 and Tien Tien Lee2*

1Department of Chemistry, Kedah Matriculation College, 06000 Changlun, Kedah, Malaysia.
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
The needs analysis study was conducted to obtain information from matriculation chemistry
students and lecturers about 1) the problems encountered by the students and lecturers during the
teaching and learning of matriculation chemistry subject, 2) the most challenging topics in
matriculation chemistry syllabus and 3) the need for the development of the teaching and learning
module. This needs analysis study is a survey study involving 126 first semester matriculation
students and eight matriculation lecturers selected by random sampling technique. Questionnaire
was used as instrument for this study. It was divided into four parts: demographics, matriculation
chemistry problems, matriculation chemistry topics difficulty level and suggestions to facilitate the
learning of difficult chemistry topics. The results showed that matriculation chemistry is difficult
because the subject is abstract. Besides that, feedback on the difficulty of matriculation chemistry
topics showed the most difficult topic is the chemical bonding. Therefore, there is a need to develop
a module that can be used as supporting materials in the teaching and learning of chemistry for
matriculation students. In conclusion, students and lecturers need teaching and learning aids in
chemical bonding topic to improve student’s achievement. The implication of the findings provided
references to the development of effective teaching and learning modules.
Keywords: Need analysis, matriculation chemistry, module, chemical bonding

75

BCE0049B
Keberkesanan Amali Kimia Hijau terhadap Pencapaian dan Kesedaran Kelestarian Alam
Pelajar Tingkatan 4
Suhaili Mohd Sarjidi1*, Priyashini Letchumanan2 dan Hafsah Taha2
1SMK Batu Muda Persiaran 1/112, Sentul, 51100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala
Lumpur.
2Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung
Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tahap pencapaian dan kesedaran kelestarian alam pelajar
tingkatan empat yang mengambil mata pelajaran kimia di sekolah menengah melalui amali kimia
hijau. Kajian ini melibatkan pembinaan amali kimia hijau dalam tajuk asid dan alkali dan menguji
keberkesanan amali tersebut berdasarkan pencapaian dan kesedaran kelestarian alam. Kajian
dilaksanakan menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif kuasi eksperimen. Sampel bagi kajian
merupakan 39 murid tingkatan empat yang mengambil mata pelajaran Kimia. Hasil analisis ujian-
t menunjukkan pencapaian kumpulan eksperimen dan kumpulan kawalan tidak berbeza secara
signifikan. Namun hasil analisis ujian-t bagi kesedaran kelestarian alam kumpulan eksperimen
dan kumpulan kawalan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan secara signifikan. Implikasi kajian
menunjukkan amali kimia dapat dijadikan sebagai amali alternatif yang mampu meningkatkan
kesedaran kelestarian alam dalam kalangan pelajar.
Kata Kunci: Kimia hijau, kesedaran kimia hijau, kelestarian alam

76

BCE0061B
Pembangunan Permainan ‘Journey to the Unexpected’ Bagi Kursus Kimia Alam Sekitar
Leily Dayana Zohar Raden Rasol dan Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim*

Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung
Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak
Kesedaran masyarakat Malaysia tentang pengurusan bahan buangan terjadual masih rendah.
Bahan buangan terjadual yang tidak diurus dengan betul akan membahayakan alam sekitar.
Tinjauan awal telah dibuat kepada 66 pelajar Fakulti Sains dan Matematik (FSM) berkaitan aspek
kategori, kesan pembuangan yang tidak betul, cara pelupusan dan akta berkaitan bahan buangan
terjadual. Dapatan kajian mendapati ada keperluan untuk memperkasakan kesedaran pengurusan
bahan buangan terjadual di kalangan pelajar FSM. Oleh itu, satu papan permainan dibina sebagai
pendekatan yang menyeronokkan dalam meningkatkan kesedaran dan pengetahun pelajar. Papan
permainan ini dibangunkan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang merangkumi lima fasa iaitu
analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Terdapat tiga instrumen kajian
yang dibina dalam kajian ini iaitu borang kesahan kandungan, kesahan permainan, dan kesahan
soal selidik persepsi yang dinilai oleh pakar dengan nilai pekali persetujuan Cohen Kappa sebanyak
1.00, 1.00 dan 1.00, masing-masing. Kajian rintis telah ditadbir kepada 30 responden menunjukkan
nilai Cronbach’s Alpha bagi kebolehpercayaan adalah 0.93. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan
perisian Statistical Package for Social Science 23.0 (SPSS 23.0) versi 23.0. Kesimpulannya, papan
permainan yang dibina menunjukkan nilai indeks kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Papan
permainan ini berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai alat bantu mengajar pensyarah bagi
meningkatkan kesedaran pelajar dalam topik pengurusan buangan terjadual.
Kata kunci: Pembelajaran berasaskan permainan, papan permainan, pengurusan buangan
terjadual, kimia alam sekitar

77

BCE0079B
A Need Analysis for Developing MY CHEMISALT for Preparation of Three Type of Salts’
Topic in Form Four Chemistry KSSM
Marlina Mat Napes and Aisyah Mohamad Sharif*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
The objective of this research is to obtain input from Chemistry teachers and Form Four students
that study Chemistry subjects. This research will identify problems that arise during teaching and
learning of the preparation of three types of salt topic and needs to develop game based learning
(GBL)’s tools. The topic of preparing three types of salt is included in Acid, Bases and Salt’ s chapter
as stated in Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) for Form Four students. In the survey
that had been carried out, 224 students and 207 teachers in and outside of Selangor completed the
questionaires that had been shared randomly via social media such as Telegram dan Whatsapp
channell. Statistical analysis shows 80.4% of students have the difficulty to master this topic. 88.7%
of students and 85.0% of teachers chose game based learning (GBL) using board and cards games
during a lesson. The data shows that there is the need to develop 21-st Century Learning (PAK-
21) learning tools in order to produce human capital with Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The
implication of this study illustrates that the board game MY CHEMISALT should be developed as it
fulfills the elements in gamification such as narrative, different level of difficulty, challenges, score
board and reward. MY CHEMISALT is innovated to enable students playing it in hybrid learning,
in both face to face mode or online class, to adapt the changes in current style of learning due to
pandemic Covid-19.
Keywords: MY CHEMISALT, game based learning (GBL), combination of board and cards games

78

BCE0081B

Pembinaan dan Kesan Modul K5FN bagi Topik Kadar Tindak Balas terhadap Pelajar
Sekolah Menengah Di Palembang

Made Sukaryawan1*, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul Azziz2 dan Muhd Ibrahim Muhammad
Damanhuri2

1Jabatan Kimia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jalan
Palembang Prabumulih KM 32 (30662) Palembang, Indonesia.

2Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung
Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak

Kajian bertujuan membina dan menilai kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan teori
konstruktivisme menggunakan model instruksional Lima Fasa Needham (K5FN) bagi topik kadar
tindak balas, berdasarkan kurikulum kimia kebangsaan Indonesia. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti
kesan modul K5FN terhadap pencapaian akademik, sikap saintifik dan minat pelajar. Selain itu,
kajian juga meneliti persepsi pelajar tentang modul K5FN sebagai sebuah bahan bantu mengajar.
Modul K5FN dibina berdasarkan gabungan model instruksional Rowntree-Tessmer. Kesan modul
ini diuji menerusi kajian eksperimen kuasi. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada ujian pra dan pasca,
soal selidik sikap saintifik, minat, persepsi dan satu protokol temu bual. Sejumlah 189 pelajar
tingkatan sebelas dipilih secara rawak daripada tiga buah sekolah menengah di Palembang.
Seterusnya, 89 pelajar dalam kumpulan eksperimen mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan
Modul K5FN, manakala 100 pelajar kumpulan kawalan menggunakan kaedah konvensional.
Analisis ANCOVA dibuat untuk menentukan perbezaan pencapaian akademik di antara
kumpulan, sementara analisis deskriptif dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti sikap saintifik, minat dan
persepsi pelajar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan apabila ujian pra dikawal, terdapat perbezaan yang
signifikan (F(l,186)=31.417; p<.05) dalam pencapaian akademik pelajar yang menggunakan
Modul K5FN berbanding konvensional. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa min sikap
saintifik (min=3.77; SP=0.59) dan minat (min=3.67; SP=0.56) yang menggunakan Modul K5FN
lebih tinggi berbanding pelajar kumpulan kawalan. Dapatan ini disokong oleh persepsi positif
pelajar terhadap Modul K5FN di mana 82.02% pelajar menyokong penggunaan Modul K5FN
sebagai bahan bantu mengajar yang berkesan. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan Modul K5FN
berpotensi untuk meningkatkan tahap pencapaian, sikap saintifik dan minat pelajar bagi topik
kadar tindak balas. Justeru, Modul K5FN boleh digunakan sebagai bahan pengajaran altematif
bagi topik kadar tindak balas.

Kata Kunci: Modul, K5FN

79

BME0003B

Integration of Video Screencast and Sketchup Make (VTS-SUM) to Enhance Students’
Visual Spatial Skills

Faridah Hanim Yahya1, Nur Hamiza Adenan2, Wasilatul Murtafiah3 and Norin Rahayu
Shamsuddin4

1Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

3Universitas PGRI Madiun, Jl Setia Budi No 85 Madiun, East Java, Indonesia
4Fakulti Sains Komputer & Matematik, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Kedah,

Kampus Merbok, 08400 Merbok, Kedah Darulaman, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Problems in learning 3-dimentional Geometry are related to a low level of visual spatial skills. The
purpose of this study is to test a learning approach, using video tutorial screencast SketchUp Make,
or VTS-SUM. The approach combines screencast video and 3D software for topic Plans and
Elevations. SketchUp Make is a free 3D software, which can be downloaded from the internet.
Using this software, students were trained to rotate, view, transform and cut objects, using tools
provided to enhance their visual spatial skills, before drawing the plan and elevations of the objects.
The video tutorials demonstrate steps in using the software. The study involved a total of 54 Form-
Three high achievers, 25 of whom were male and 29 females. The study was conducted for six
weeks using a quasi-experimental single group design, in the form of pre-posttest. The instruments
used for this study were selected from visual spatial mental tests and the data obtained was
analyzed, using paired sample t-test. The results showed that, there were significant differences
in the mean scores of visual spatial skills, before and after learning via VTS-SUM (t=26.87; p<0.05).
Hence, learning via VTS-SUM proved to be effective to enhance the students’ level of visual spatial
skills.

Keywords: Video screencast, SketchUp Make, visual spatial skills, Geometry, VTS-SUM, Plans
and Elevations

80

BME0059B
Teachers’s Practices in Teaching and Learning Algebraic Problem Solving
Marsilah Anum Marham1*, Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah1 and Lee Tien Tien2

1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Algebraic problem solving is one of the important areas in learning mathematics. However, the
result shows that student’s performance in algebra mainly in solving problem is not satisfying. This
study had two folds aim that are capturing teacher’s view on the teaching and learning algebra
problem solving and also to grasp the idea whether the teacher have implicitly implemented
problem posing strategy in a classroom. Thus, the objectives of this study are 1) to gain teacher
practices in teaching and learning algebra problem solving, 2) to find out the difficulties faced by
teachers while teaching Form Two students to solve algebra problem solving, and 3) to find out
whether the teachers have implicitly imposed problem posing strategy in a classroom. Participants
in the study were 8 experienced teachers who were been teaching mathematics especially
mathematics Form Two syllabus and have teaching experience for more than five years. Data were
gathered through qualitative technique that is using semi structured interview. Results from the
study showed that teachers are still using teacher center approach in teaching and learning algebra
problem solving, students lack of mathematics skills, and teachers rarely used problem posing
strategy in a classroom. This study provides an overview that teacher should implement new
strategy in teaching problem solving algebra in order to increase student’s performance. One of the
promising strategies is known as problem posing strategy.
Keywords: Algebraic problem solving, problem posing strategy

81

BME0060B
The Need and Effectiveness of Form Two Algebraic Expression Training Module
Foo Jing Yao*, Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah and Nur Hamiza Adenan

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
This study aims to determine the need and effectiveness of Algebraic Expression Training Module
(Mi-T2) in improving higher order thinking skill of Form Two students. The level of thinking skill of
Malaysian students is still low. A descriptive study and quasi-experimental study was conducted at
a secondary school in North Kinta, Perak in order to determine the need and effectiveness of
module Mi-T2. The instruments being used in the study were questionnaires about the need of
module Mi-T2, pre-test and post-test. The school teacher provided responses by completing
questionnaires to determine the need of module. Two Form Two classes were selected to be the
sample study through clustered random sampling which were the control group and experimental
group. The pre-test and post-test were answered by both groups before and after the treatment.
The findings showed that 80% mathematics teachers indicated that there is a need for the module
Mi-T2. The comparison of the mean scores for the control group and the treatment group showed
that there was a significant improvement in the post-test result, but the increase of the mean score
for the treatment group was higher which from 50.87% to 78.27%. In conclusion, the study shows
that there is a need of module Mi-T2 and the module Mi-T2 can help the students to master the
topic of algebraic more effectively. It is in the hope that module Mi-T2 can be used extensively to
help more students in mastering the concept of algebra more effectively and improving their thinking
skill.
Keywords: Module, algebra, need, effectiveness, thinking skill

82

BME0065B
Development of a Platform for STEM Teaching and Learning Resource Materials in the
Field of Discrete Mathematics
Suhaida Shahar Zaman*, Raja Noor Farah Azura Raja Maamor Shah and Marzita Puteh
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Past studies have found that there are constraints on teachers in developing teaching and learning
(TnL) resources to implement STEM education in the classroom. Based on this issue, this research
has developed a platform containing a variety of STEM TnL resource materials that focus on the
field of Discrete Mathematics learning. This field of study is an area of learning in KSSM
Mathematics for form four students. It encompasses three titles, namely Logical Reasoning, Set
Operations, and Network in Graph Theory. Discrete Mathematics was the focus in the development
of this platform as it is often considered difficult for students to understand. Additionally, as teachers
find it challenging to find suitable learning materials to get students to be more interested. The
platform was developed using an interactive multimedia medium that makes learning fun for
students. The wide range of TnL STEM source materials contained in this platform makes it easier
for teachers to choose and apply them in TnL. The ADDIE model was used as the development
model for this platform. This model is among the most systematic and effective development
models, consisting of five phases, i.e. analysis, design, and development, implementation, and
evaluation. Besides that, the elements of skills in critical thinking and problem-solving are also
integrated. Both skills are needed today to ensure students can have a competitive edge in the
future job market.
Keywords: Platform, TnL STEM Resource Materials, Discrete Mathematics, ADDIE Model,
Critical Thinking Skills, Problem-solving

83

BME0071B

Analysis of the Relationship Between the Psychosocial Learning Environment and
Learning Styles to the Achievement of Form Four Additional Mathematics

Nur Haslisa Isa*, Mazlini Adnan and Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the relationship of psychosocial learning environment, learning
styles with the Additional Mathematics achievement. The study also aimed to identify psychosocial
differences in the learning environments and learning styles by gender and school type in
achievement. Quantitative approaches with a survey design were used for this study. A number of
205 form four Additional Mathematics students from 13 secondary schools in Setiu district were
chosen using strata sampling methods as studied subjects. Research instrument were employed
which are ‘What is Happening in This Classroom’ (WIHIC) and Dunn and Dunn learning styles.
Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis describes the
level of perception about psychosocial learning environment and the most dominant learning style
while inferential analysis involved the MANOVA and Spearman’s Rho correlation test. The findings
showed that the students’ familiarity had the highest level of level of perception while the emotional
category learning styles was the dominant of the students. The results also showed that students
from Boarding Schools are concerned with the aspects of relationship with each other compared
the students in other schools. While the learning style in three types of schools showed no
significant differences in gender and school type. Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis showed that
was significant relationship between psychosocial learning environments with achievement while
no significant relationship between learning styles with achievement. As a conclusion, psychosocial
learning environment and learning style are elements that need to be attention to enhance the
achievement of these subjects. The implicates of the study are the psychosocial are the elements
that need to be addressed in order to improve the achievement of this subjects.

Keywords: psychosocial learning environment, learning styles, achievement

84

BME0075B
Kajian Meta-Analisis: Penerapan Elemen Membina Hubungan dalam Pendidikan Matematik

Mohamad Nurizwan Jumiran*, Rohaidah Masri dan Mazlini Adnan
Jabatan Matematik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900

Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak
Elemen membina hubungan ini adalah satu elemen yang boleh diterapkan kepada murid yang
mampu menyumbang kepada peningkatan pencapaian dan motivasi murid dalam proses
pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) matematik di bilik darjah. Justeru itu, terdapat keperluan
untuk menganalisis secara kritikal dan sintesis trend pendidikan dan kaedah yang digunakan dalam
kajian untuk menerapkan elemen membina hubungan dalam pendidikan matematik dalam konteks
di Malaysia. Kajian ini telah menganalisis 4 artikel yang berkaitan yang dipilih secara rawak yang
dilaksanakan oleh pengkaji di Malaysia terhadap penerapan elemen membina hubungan dalam
matematik dari tahun 2016-2021. Hasil penemuan ini telah menunjukkan bahawa penyelidik lepas
lebih cenderung memilih pendekatan penyelidikan kuantitatif yang menggunakan reka bentuk
tinjauan dalam kajian yang dijalankan. Sampel yang digunakan pula melibatkan pelajar di sekolah
menengah dan di institusi pengajian tinggi. Secara keseluruhannya kajian yang telah dilaksanakan
oleh penyelidik di Malaysia ini membuktikan bahawa elemen membina hubungan ini sesuai untuk
diterapkan dan akan memberikan impak yang baik terhadap motivasi dan pencapaian pelajar
dalam proses PdPc matematik di bilik darjah.
Kata kunci: elemen membina hubungan, pendidikan matematik, pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan
(PdPc)

85

BME0086B
Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan Modul Latihan Berasaskan Permainan bagi Topik
Geometri Tingkatan Satu
Mohamad Aidie Ikhwan Mohammad* dan Raja Lailatul Zuraida Raja Maamor Shah
Jabatan Matematik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900
Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak
Dalam pendekatan kajian reka bentuk dan pembangunan, analisis keperluan perlu dijalankan bagi
mengenalpasti keperluan membangunkan sesuatu produk. Kajian tinjauan ini dilakukan bagi
mengenal pasti persepsi murid terhadap penggunaan modul latihan berasaskan permainan dalam
proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) dan mengenal pasti keperluan pembangunan sebuah
modul latihan berasaskan permainan bagi topik geometri tingkatan satu. Satu set borang soal
selidik analisis keperluan telah ditadbir kepada 457 orang murid tingkatan satu daripada 3 buah
sekolah menengah di bawah pentadbiran Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah (PPD) Kota Bharu. Data
yang diperolehi dianalisi menggunakan perisian SPSS (Statistical Package For The Social
Sciences) versi 27.0. Hasil dapatan analisis deskriptif menunjukkan persepsi murid terhadap
penggunaan modul latihan berasaskan permainan berada pada tahap tinggi iaitu (M = 4.09, SP =
0.856). Dapatan seterusnya juga menunjukkan peratusan yang tinggi terhadap keperluan modul
latihan berasaskan permainan bagi topik geometri tingkatan satu iaitu 85.5% responden bersetuju
modul latihan perlu dibangunkan manakala hanya 15.5% yang tidak bersetuju. Kesimpulannya,
hasil daripada kajian ini memberikan satu petanda bahawa perlunya sebuah modul berasaskan
permainan dalam proses PdP geometri tingkatan satu dan majoriti responden menunjukkan
kemahuan yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan modul latihan berasaskan permainan dalam proses
PdP di sekolah.
Kata kunci: Pembelajaran berasaskan permainan, analisis keperluan, geometri

86

BME0092B

Kepuasan dan Kesedaran Pembelajaran Pelajar Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik
dalam Pembelajaran Atas Talian pada Tempoh Pandemik Covid-19

Izzah Athirah Samsul Kamar dan Rohaidah Masri*

Jabatan Matematik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan tahap kepuasan dan kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar
Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) dalam
pembelajaran kursus matematik secara atas talian pada tempoh pandemik Covid-19 dan
seterusnya untuk menentukan sama ada terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tahap
kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar dengan tahap kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar. Kajian ini
dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan. Instrumen yang
digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah satu set soal selidik tahap kepuasan dan kesedaran
pembelajaran pelajar secara atas talian. Item kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar terdiri daripada lima
konstruk, iaitu pengendalian struktur kursus, penglibatan dan interaksi pelajar, keberadaan tenaga
pengajar, dan kepuasan pelajar. Seramai 265 sampel kajian telah dipilih melalui teknik
persampelan rawak mudah daripada populasi kajian, iaitu 839 pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda
Pendidikan Matematik UPSI program AT14 dan AT48. Data telah dianalisis melalui analisis
deskriptif (min dan sisihan piawai) dan korelasi Pearson. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa
skor min bagi kedua-dua tahap kepuasan dan kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar dalam
pembelajaran kursus matematik secara atas talian adalah pada tahap yang sederhana. Hasil
kajian turut menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara tahap kepuasan
pembelajaran pelajar dengan tahap kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar. Secara kesimpulannya,
terdapat hubungan yang positif secara langsung antara tahap kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar
dengan tahap kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Matematik UPSI
dalam pembelajaran kursus matematik secara atas talian. Implikasinya, kajian ini telah dapat
membantu dalam memberi cadangan kepada tenaga pengajar, pihak universiti dan pihak yang
terlibat bagi memastikan pembelajaran secara atas talian dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan
berkesan sepanjang pandemik Covid-19.

Kata Kunci: Kepuasan pembelajaran pelajar, kesedaran pembelajaran pelajar

87

BPE0015B
The Development and Usability of Android Application for Register Terms on Malay –
English for KSSM Physics

Muhamad Zulhelmi Othman, Shahrul Kadri Ayop* and Siti Nursaila Alias

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
This research aims to develop an Android application for register terms in Malay – English for KSSM
Physics for Physics student teachers use. A need analysis has been done to obtain the feedback
from ten student teachers about the existence of this application. This application is developed
based on ADDIE development model and undergoes pilot test using qualitative approach to obtain
the application initial feedback. After improvement, this application undergoes application validity
process through three experts by using face and content validity forms. A quantitative approach
has been done by using Heuristic Evaluation Questionnaire (HEQ) survey on 30 student teachers
to obtain the application usability. This research has produced an application on an Android
platform containing 418 extracted terms from Standard Document for Curriculum and Assessment
(DSKP) for Form 4 and Form 5 Physics with the application name is FiPhyNeo. FiPhyNeo receives
Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.96. FiPhyNeo also has obtained a high usability (mean = 4.37 ±
0.34). This research develops an application which is FiPhyNeo that contains register terms in
Malay – English for KSSM Physics for student teachers use that is valid with high usability. This
research will benefit not only the student teachers, but also current teachers and students for a fast
and easy search of register terms and operates in offline mode in order to support the teaching and
learning of Physics.

Keywords: Translation, Android, Physics Form 4 and Form 5

88

BPE0023B

Contribution of Scientific Creativity and Affective Factors towards Students’ Physics
Achievement: A Structural Equation Model Analysis

Lilia Ellany Mohtar1*, Lilia Halim2, Siti Nursaila Alias1, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud1 and Muhammad
Syukri3

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Faculty of Education & IDEA-UKM, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia.

3Physics Education Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Physics achievement at the secondary school level is not encouraging, and physics teachers are
not keen to implement creativity-based learning. This affects students’ involvement in physics
learning and is compounded by the affective aspects of students not given attention because it is
considered not to influence students' examination grades. The main purpose of this study was to
propose a model for how creativity in physics, creativity in general (drawing product) and affective
factors, namely attitude towards physics, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation affect physics
achievement. The research employed a survey design with a data collection method using tests
and questionnaires among 400 form four students in the public secondary school in Johor. The
data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of
Moments Structures (AMOS) version 21. The structural equation modeling analysis results showed
that scientific creativity and divergent thinking in physics affect physics achievement directly with
the strongest relationships. In contrast, general creativity and affective factors affect indirectly. The
study's implication suggests that vigorous effort needs to be focused on the development of physics
divergent thinking and scientific creativity as these factors are the most influential and are directly
related to physics achievement. It is equally important that the affective factors, namely students’
self-efficacy and students’ attitudes towards physics are emphasized as these factors have
significant effect on students’ physics divergent thinking which would eventually lead to better
physics achievement.

Keywords: Physics achievement, scientific creativity, creativity drawing products, attitude towards
physics, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation

89

BPE0034B
Development of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Instrument: A Systematic Review
Alysuliana Alias*, Lilia Ellany Mohtar and Shahrul Kadri Ayop
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving (CTPS) is one of the soft skills crucial to be applied for
students nowadays, congruent to the development of 21st-century learning. A few types of
instruments have been developed to measure the CTPS skills of the students. The purpose of this
review is to identify the type of instrument and the context used by the researcher to measure the
CTPS’s skills. The research methodology is based on the systematic literature search in online
databases, mainly in Scopus and ERIC and supported by Google Scholar and My Cite. Keyword
used during the searching process includes the instrument, test, assessment, critical thinking, and
problem-solving. The screening process is considered the type of paper that is only articles written
in Malay or English language and the year between 2017 to 2021. The result of this review reveals
that the paper test, rubric, observation sheet, and questionnaire is the dominant type of instrument
and the context of measurement is by group discussion, experimental report, quiz, and answer
sheet. This finding will provide educators with guidance to develop the CTPS’s instrument most
suitable for their subject area. It can also guide the researcher who is interested in the research of
soft skills, especially critical thinking and problem-solving.
Keywords: instrument, CTPS skills, assessment, critical thinking and problem-solving

90

BPE0102B
A Need Analysis for the Development of Physics Game-Based Interactive Module Among

Matriculation Programme Students
Nurul Ain Malek, Nurul Syafiqah Yap Abdullah* and Mazlina Mat Darus
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,

35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
The online interactive modules encourage active student involvement in the classroom and fulfil
the students’ needs of various levels of mastery during learning, which can be accessed anywhere
and anytime. Furthermore, applying gamification elements into the developed modules will
increase students’ interest and motivation to use the module in their learning process. Thus, a
need analysis study was conducted among matriculation college lecturers to identify the need to
develop game-based interactive modules among Matriculation Programme students. A survey was
conducted to obtain information from 24 lecturers who teach Physics DP014 course from seven
matriculation colleges. The questionnaire contains five primary constructs; demographics, topics
that students find challenging to master, the use of the internet and electronic devices, the need to
develop a game-based interactive module, and the factors that make game-based interactive
modules suitable for matriculation colleges. Data were analysed descriptively to obtain percentage
and mean values for all the items involved. The results found that game-based interactive modules
among students of the Matriculation Programme should be carried out, especially for difficult topics
for students to master. This needs analysis study can provide preliminary information related to
the need for the development of game-based interactive modules in helping to improve the
achievement of Matriculation Programme students, especially in physics subjects.
Keywords: Need analysis, interactive module, game-based interactive module, physics,
matriculation programme

91

BSE0041B

Keberkesanan Pemikiran Kritis dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Penyelesaian Masalah
KBAT

Siti Sarah Muhammad Raflee* dan Lilia Halim

Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak

Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) menjadi fokus dalam pentaksiran bilik darjah. KBAT sering
dikaitkan dengan soalan penyelesaian masalah pada aras tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, pengkaji
mendapati penguasaan penyelesaian masalah KBAT masih di tahap sederhana dalam kalangan
murid. Oleh itu, kajian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan penerapan pemikiran kritis dalam
penguasaan penyelesaian masalah KBAT dijalankan di peringkat sekolah. Tiga objektif khas bagi
kajian ini ialah (i) mengenal pasti item yang sukar dijawab oleh murid, (ii) mengenal pasti punca-
punca murid sukar menguasai penyelesaian masalah KBAT dan (iii) melihat pencapaian murid
menyelesaikan soalan-soalan KBAT setelah intervensi Kaedah Cungkil + Cetus dilaksanakan.
Reka bentuk kajian yang digunakan ialah kajian tindakan. Sampel yang terdiri daripada
persampelan bertujuan melibatkan murid-murid tingkatan tiga yang lemah atau gagal dalam
pentaksiran bilik darjah bagi mata pelajaran Sains. Kaedah Cungkil + Cetus digunakan dalam
kaedah pengajaran guru untuk membimbing murid menyelesaikan masalah KBAT secara
sistematik dan berkesan. Bagi melihat perubahan penyelesaian murid terhadap masalah berbentuk
KBAT selepas menggunakan Kaedah Cungkil + Cetus, data dikumpulkan melalui perbandingan
ujian pra dan ujian pasca, catatan pemerhatian melalui catatan diari dan temu bual separa
berstruktur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa murid-murid masih lemah menguasai soalan-
soalan yang berbentuk membuat inferens dan ramalan. Beberapa punca murid lemah semasa
menjawab soalan KBAT dikenal pasti iaitu kurang yakin menjawab soalan KBAT, anggapan soalan
KBAT susah dan menganggap soalan KBAT memerlukan jawapan yang panjang. Dapatan ujian
pra dan ujian pasca menunjukkan peningkatan pencapaian pentaksiran Sains sebanyak 40%. Ini
disokong oleh hasil temu bual yang menunjukkan murid lebih yakin untuk menjawab soalan KBAT
apabila dibimbing oleh rakan dan guru. Hasil kajian ini diharap dapat menyumbang kepada
pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam bilik darjah di samping dapat menambah baik amalan guru
dalam membantu murid menyelesaikan masalah KBAT.

Kata kunci: Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi, KBAT, pemikiran kritis, penyelesaian masalah

92

BSE0045B
Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri WAO bagi Topik Penyerapan Sains Tahun
Satu
Nur Raihana Mohd Razak1*, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud2, Nurul Hazwani Ariffin1 dan Norazilawati
Abdullah1
1Jabatan Pengajian Pendidikan, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Jabatan Fizik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung
Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak
Pembelajaran menggunakan modul merupakan salah satu kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran
di Rumah (PdPR) yang boleh dilaksanakan untuk membantu guru bagi mengajar subjek Sains.
Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk membangunkan modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO
(water absorption object) bagi topik Penyerapan Sains Tahun Satu. Modul ini dibangunkan
berasaskan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing. Pembangunan kandungan modul
pembelajaran kendiri WAO melibatkan dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan dan fasa penilaian
tetapi artikel ini hanya membincangkan fasa pembangunan modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO.
Modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO yang dibangunkan terdiri daripada tiga unit iaitu Unit 1 (objek
menyerap air), Unit 2 (jenis bahan dan keupayaan menyerap air) dan Unit 3 (objek menyerap air
dan kehidupan seharian). Modul ini dijangka dapat menarik minat murid untuk mempelajari subjek
Sains, menggalakkan penglibatan pelajar secara aktif ketika sesi PdPR dan meningkatkan
kefahaman pelajar bagi topik Penyerapan. Implikasi kajian ini ialah modul pembelajaran kendiri
WAO yang dibangunkan boleh digunakan sebagai modul pembelajaran untuk sesi PdPR.
Kata kunci: Pembangunan, modul pembelajaran kendiri WAO, topik Penyerapan, Sains Tahun
Satu

93

BSE0046B

Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri Berasaskan Projek bagi Topik Keseimbangan
Ekosistem untuk Sains Tahun Satu

Nurul Hazwani Ariffin1*, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud2, Nur Raihana Mohd Razak1 dan Norazilawati
Abdullah1

1Jabatan Pengajian Pendidikan, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Jabatan Fizik, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung
Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak

Pembelajaran berasaskan projek merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai
dilaksanakan untuk menarik minat murid dan meningkatkan kefahaman mereka terhadap konsep
Sains yang dipelajari. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan satu modul pembelajaran kendiri
berasaskan projek bagi topik Keseimbangan Ekosistem untuk Sains Tahun Satu. Modul ini
dibangunkan dengan mengintegrasikan empat standard kandungan untuk Sains Tahun Satu iaitu
bahagian tumbuhan, bentuk muka bumi, tanah dan binaan daripada bongkah dan bentuk asas.
Modul ini dibangunkan berdasarkan strategi pembelajaran berasaskan projek yang melibatkan
penghasilan buku skrap dan pembinaan model taman berbentuk diorama. Pembangunan modul
ini melibatkan dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan dan fasa penilaian. Kajian ini hanya memfokuskan
pada fasa pembangunan modul pembelajaran kendiri sahaja. Modul pembelajaran ini dijangka
dapat menarik minat murid Tahun Satu untuk mempelajari subjek Sains serta menerapkan
kemahiran saintifik dan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam diri mereka. Implikasi kajian ini ialah
modul pembelajaran kendiri berasaskan projek ini dapat membantu guru dalam pelaksanaan
kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah sebagai alternatif pembelajaran norma baharu.

Kata kunci: Pembangunan, Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri, Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek,
Keseimbangan Ekosistem, Sains Tahun Satu

94

BSE0095B

The Level of Knowledge and Perception of Secondary School Students on i-Think in
Merlimau District Malacca

Muhammad Hafizzi Saiman and Mai Shihah Abdullah*

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
This study was carried out to identify the level of students’ knowledge and perception as well as to
compare between genders on the i-Think in Merlimau district, Malacca. A survey design was
employed using a five-point Likert Scale structured questionnaire, modification from the previous
study. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling involving 343 forms one, two
and four students. Descriptive analysis was conducted to find the mean and percentage, while
inferential analysis using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, t-test and post-hoc to determine the
relationship between knowledge and perception of i-Think. This study demonstrated the form four
students had the highest knowledge level of 83.72 percent (excellent) followed by form two and
form one students with a value of 82.46 percent (excellent) and 79.49 percent (good) respectively.
The perceptions level among the respondents towards i-Think was moderately high and uniform
(mean value of 3.01 – 4.00). Female students’ knowledge was higher (mean value of 3.66) than
male (mean value of 3.54). The study also found that there was a significant difference between
the level of knowledge and perception of male and female students with significant values of 0.007
and 0.001 respectively. This study concludes that i-Think is well received by students. Hence, these
findings have the potential to be benchmarked on the status of i-Think implementation in Malaysia,
particularly in Malacca. Continuous monitoring should be carried out to view its consistency among
students. This study implicates that i-Think should be used to enhance the students' content
knowledge on a larger scale.

Keywords: i-Think knowledge, i-Think perception, thinking tools, science

95

BST0009B
Hubungan Kompetensi Guru Tadika Swasta dengan Pelaksanaan Pendidikan STEM di
Daerah Hulu Langat
Nurul Hasni Sukri* dan Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud
Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Pengarang utama: [email protected]

Abstrak
Guru berperanan sangat penting dalam mendidik murid sejak di bangku prasekolah. Guru yang
kompeten merupakan guru yang mempunyai amalan pedagogi yang tinggi, efikasi kendiri yang
tinggi serta pengetahuan yang mendalam dalam subjek yang diajar bagi menghasilkan pelajar yang
kreatif dan inovatif khususnya dalam bidang STEM. Kompetensi guru tadika swasta yang rendah
boleh memberikan impak yang besar terhadap pelaksanaan Pendidikan STEM di dalam bilik
darjah. Justeru, kajian dilaksanakan bagi mengenalpasti hubungan kompetensi guru tadika swasta
ke atas pelaksanaan pendidikan STEM di tadika. Kaedah kajian berbentuk tinjauan dipilih dengan
mengagihkan soal selidik secara rawak kepada seramai 72 orang guru tadika swasta yang
mempunyai latar belakang akademik dan pengalaman mengajar yang berbeza. Dapatan kajian
menunjukkan terdapat hubungan linear positif yang tinggi antara min kompetensi dan min
pelaksanaan pendidikan STEM. Justeru, sokongan padu wajar diberikan oleh Kementerian
Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dalam menyediakan modul khas atau latihan profesionalisme dalam
pendidikan STEM kepada guru swasta bagi meningkatkan kompetensi guru. Kesimpulannya,
kompetensi guru yang tinggi akan melancarkan pelaksanaan pendidikan STEM dalam PdP.
Kata kunci: Kompetensi guru, pendidikan STEM, guru tadika

96

BST0030B
A Systematic Literature Review with Bibliometric Meta-Analysis of Ai Technology
Adoption in Education
Maran Chanthiran, Abu Bakar Ibrahim* and Mohd Hishamuddin Abdul Rahman

Department of Computing, Faculty of Art, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
Education has undergone various developments and changes according to the current’s world
circulation as well as the development of technology and science. Covid-19 has realized the
aspirations of every national government in optimizing the use of current technology in education.
The use of technology in education for the purpose of teaching and collaborating with students has
been remembered as a whole. The use of the Artificial Intelligent (Ai) has become a trend in 21st-
century education in providing learning aids that are technological and digital. The purpose of this
systematic survey is to identify peer-reviewed literature on the adoption of the Artificial Intelligent
(Ai) in education among educators. Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE citation databases are used
in the data-gathering phase. PRISMA approach and keyword search were extracted and analysed.
This bibliographic data of articles published in the journals over the seven years were extracted.
VOS viewer was used to analysing the data contained in all journals. The findings show that studies
are showing the use and acceptance of Ai technology in education. Also shows the use of this
technology has a positive effect in mastering a subject among students. However, there is still room
to optimize its usability in education, which is currently in the 4.0 education shift in line with the
development of the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, bibliometric analysis, educational technology, meta-analysis

97

BST0043B

Effects of Polya Model Adaptation in the Teaching and Learning of Programming
Algorithms on Student Achievement in Matriculation College

Jamilah Hamid1, Saira Banu Omar Khan1, Zafirah Mohd Adnan1 and Ummu Salmah Mohamad
Hussin2

1Department of Computer, Faculty of Art, Computing & Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Information Technology Department, Sultan Azlan Shah University, Kuala Kangsar, Perak.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Literature review shows that students with poor problem-solving skills in programming fail to obtain
good results in programming subject. Polya model is quite well-known problem-solving method in
mathematics field. However, in programming subject this method is uncommon. Therefore,
purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Polya Model adaptation in teaching and learning
(T&L) programming algorithm on students’ achievement in Matriculation College. A quasi-
experimental study with pre-test and post-test was conducted to assess student achievement
consisting of 30 students using random sampling method. The intervention was implemented for
seven weeks on two groups of students: control and treatment. In first group, lecturer used
conventional method in T&L, and Polya Model adaptation for second group. Research instruments
used for pre-test and post-test consisting of six subjective questions; categorized to three levels
(easy, intermediate, and difficult) based on Bloom taxonomy. Descriptive statistics were used to
analyze quantitative data. Results of t-test showed that there was a significant mean difference
between the post-test achievement between 2 groups (t (28) = 6.39, p = 0.00, p <0.05).
Furthermore, there is a wide gap of achievement between these groups when it comes to
answering difficult questions which requires the highest-level thinking skills. This shows that Polya
Model adaptation method in programming algorithm T&L is effective for problem-solving skills
especially in HOTS, hence improving students’ achievement. As a conclusion is that Polya Model
adaptation can be used as one of the T&L methods in programming subject to overcome the
difficulty of learning this subject.

Keyword: Algorithm, Polya Model, teaching and learning, HOTS, problem-solving skills

98

BST0080B
A Green Electrochemistry Experimental Kit: Student’s Achievements on Lectrofun 2.0

Aisyah Mohamad Sharif1*, Ong Suu Wan1, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim1, Lee Tien Tien1, Suzaliza
Mustafar1, Mohamad Saufi Rosmi1, Mohd Zurin Mahmood1 and Murbangun Nuswowati2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

2Chemistry Education Study Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract
The study aimed at developing and evaluating a simple green electrochemistry experimental kit
named Lectrofun 2.0. Lectrofun 2.0 is an educational kit equipped with a module built with the
criteria of user-friendly, cost-effective, and laboratory free. The basic concept of electrochemistry
was introduced through a guided learning approach via the module. The objectives of this research
were to (1) develop Lectrofun 2.0 module using green chemicals, recyclable and easily accessible
materials and (2) evaluate the module effectiveness in terms of student achievement/understanding
of the Electrochemistry topic. This is a Design and Development Research (DDR) using the ADDIE
model as an instructional design model. The development phase involves the first objective of the
study, while the evaluation phase involves the second objective. Total of 46 respondents of pre-
post tests were involved in evaluating effectiveness of Lectrofun 2.0 in terms of student
achievement/understanding of the topic. The findings showed that 73.9% of students from the
treatment group showed 4-grade increment (from grade E to grade A). This study showed that
Lectrofun 2.0 has a significant impact on enhancing learner comprehension of Electrochemistry
topic, enjoyment in learning, and learning to care for the environment.
Keywords: Green electrochemistry, chemistry, STEM education, teaching aid, soft skill

99

BST0083B

Hello-Microbes: COVID-19 vs Soap Program in Enhancing Preschool Children Awareness
on COVID-19

Hamidah Idris1*, Mohd Nor Syahrir Abdullah2, Nur Nadhira Nadzaruddin1 and Noraida Othman3

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak.

2National Children Development Research Centre, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900
Tanjung Malim, Perak

3Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The spike of COVID-19 cases in the country has become a major concern nowadays and all
stakeholders need to take actions on preventing and controlling the spread of this pandemic. This
includes educating and enhance awareness among young children on the importance of preventing
the disease as they are vulnerable, and very fragile physically and emotionally. For this purpose,
this study has been conducted to educate preschool children and increase their awareness about
the COVID-19 and the importance of hand washing with soap using proper technique. An
interactive 3D model of Corona Virus has been developed together with other teaching tools
including videos, augmented reality application, activity booklet and experiment, and a series of
program have been conducted to educate preschool children at a preschool located in Perak. A
total of thirty preschool children involved in this workshop. For the purpose of this study, ten
preschool children were selected to look at how this workshop using the 3D model of coronavirus
can enhance their awareness about COVID-19. This study employed a qualitative method where
the participants were being interviewed and observed how they wash their hands before and after
the workshop. The interview and observation data revealed that children awareness about the
purpose of wash hands using soap on preventing the virus increase. They are aware that soap can
kill the virus and the importance of always washing their hands. The observation analysis also
revealed that the children know the proper handwashing technique following the Ministry of Health
procedure. This study showed that educating preschool children on preventing the COVID-19 using
the 3D model can enhance their awareness and the importance of handwashing in preventing the
spread of the COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19, STEM, Early childhood education

100