Copy of NC Social Studies 4th Grade Textbook (4)

How do the words that Division of Labor
make up the term division
of labor give you clues to its Many businesses in North Carolina specialize
meaning? in making one kind of product or providing one
kind of service. To increase production, work is
Study the illustration. Place often divided into different jobs or tasks. This is
an X over two examples of called division of labor.
division of labor.
Division of labor allows businesses to provide
products and services more quickly and for less
money. Instead of making items one at a time,
workers make several at the same time by using
different steps. Each worker specializes in one
part of a larger job.

In North Carolina’s textile industry, for exam-
ple, some workers specialize in running machines
that spin raw cotton into threads. At the same
time, other workers specialize in using machines
to weave threads into cloth. Still others specialize
in coloring or printing patterns on the finished
cloth.

A Textile Mill

Cotton is spun by machines
into thread or yarn.

Raw materials, such as
cotton, are delivered to the
mill.

238 ■ Unit 7

Interdependence Write down the subject to
which the context clues refer.
As businesses specialize, they depend on
other businesses for raw materials, products, • mills depend on cotton farmers
and services. Depending on one another for
products and services is called interdependence • mills depend on transportation
(in•ter•dih•PEN•duhns).
• mills depend on chemical
For example, textile mills in North Carolina manufacturers
depend on cotton farmers for raw materials.
They also depend on chemical manufacturers for Subject:
synthetic (sin•THET•ik) fibers and dyes. Synthetic
fibers are made from chemicals, not from plants Classify two details from
or animal hairs. Dyes are used to color cloth. this page under the category
of interdependence.
Textile mills often depend on transportation
companies to bring raw materials to them. They
also use transportation companies to deliver fin-
ished products to stores, customers, and other
businesses. Textile mills sometimes depend on
other businesses to sell their products to stores
and customers.

Cloth and cloth products
are packaged for delivery
to businesses.

Thread is woven by machines
into cloth.

Unit 7 ■ 239

Lesson Review

1. SUMMARIZE Why do North Carolina Circle the letter of the correct answer.
workers and industries specialize?
5. Which of these is an effect of division of
2. What does interdependence mean? labor?
A Products costs more.
3. What are the effects of specialization? B Workers make more goods.
C Work takes a longer time.
4. How are specialization and interdependence D Workers make fewer products.
related?
6. How do most industries use division of
labor?
A Workers depend on others to do their
work for them.
B Workers perform all the steps in making
a product.
C Workers in the company perform one
part of a larger job.
D Workers divide natural resources to
make more products.

7. Which of these supplies raw materials to
textile mills?
A dairy farmers
B cotton farmers
C lumber mills
D tobacco farmers

Draw an Illustration Using information from this lesson, draw an
illustration showing the steps needed to make a product.

240 ■ Unit 7

Lesson

Economic
Relationships

A CARGO PLANE AT RALEIGH-
DURHAM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Like most states, North Carolina trades with other states and countries for
products and resources. This trade creates interdependence. As a result,
economic relationships are formed between North Carolinians and people in
other states and countries. What will you learn from this lesson about North
Carolina’s economic relationships with other states and nations?

NORTH CAROLINA
STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY
6.08 Cite examples of interdependence in North Carolina’s
economy and evaluate the significance of economic
relationships with other states and nations.

Unit 7 ■ 241

Explain the difference International Trade
between an export and an
import. Many of the products made in North Carolina
are sold to other states and to countries outside
Classify the following the United States. International trade, or trade
products as North Carolina with other nations, is important to the growth of
exports or imports. North Carolina’s economy.
Computers:
Chemicals: Imports and Exports
Machinery: North Carolina’s products that are sold to

other countries are exports. North Carolina’s top
manufacturing exports are machinery, chemicals,
clothing, and plastic products. North Carolina
agricultural products—such as tobacco, soy-
beans, sweet potatoes, turkeys, and peanuts—are
also sold to other countries.

North Carolina also buys many different
imports, or goods made in other nations and brought
into the state. The state’s top imports include
food, electronic goods, and automobiles. North
Carolina buys food, clothing, and furniture from
Mexico. The state buys computer goods, televi-
sions, and other electronic products from Japan.

CONTAINER SHIPPING Many goods are shipped in truck-sized
metal boxes called containers.

242 ■ Unit 7

North Carolina’s Leading Trade Partners

ARCTIC OCEAN DENMARK
BELGIUM
SOUTH KOREA NETHERLANDS
UNITED GERMANY
KINGDOM
CANADA
FRANCE

CHINA JAPAN

PACIFIC OCEAN NORTH ITALY
CAROLINA
TAIWAN INDIA
DOMINICAN
HONG KONG MEXICO REPUBLIC SAUDI
EL SALVADOR ARABIA
HONDURAS
INDIAN
MALAYSIA COSTA RICA OCEAN

Equator

SINGAPORE N BRAZIL
AUSTRALIA W
PACIFIC OCEAN E ATLANTIC
S OCEAN

0 2,000 4,000 Miles More than $1 billion
$400 million–$1 billion
0 2,000 4,000 Kilometers $200 million–$400 million
Winkel Tripel Projection

Trading Partners REGIONS Study the map.
In recent years, North Carolina has traded Circle the countries that do
more than $1 billion worth of
with more than 200 different places around the trade with North Carolina.
world. The country of Canada is North Carolina’s
largest trading partner. The value of exports sent Scan the text on this
to Canada reached $5 billion in 2005. page. Then underline North
Carolina’s leading trade
North Carolina’s other leading trade partners partners.
include Mexico, Japan, Honduras, and the United
Kingdom. Each of these countries spends more Unit 7 ■ 243
than $500 million a year on products exported
from North Carolina. Trade with India, Italy,
China, and France has also grown.

International goods are often transported by
cargo ships. Cargo ships carry more goods and
are less expensive to use than airplanes. North
Carolina’s largest shipping ports are Wilmington
and Morehead City. Imports received at these
ports are shipped throughout the state and country.
Businesses throughout the United States also ship
their exports from these ports.

How do you think that Businesses and Markets
markets are affected by the
resources of a region? Through trade, North Carolina has become
interdependent with many other places—states,
Why does North Carolina regions, and countries. North Carolina depends
import oranges and grapefruits on resources and products from other places.
from other places? In turn, those other places depend on North
Carolina’s resources and products.

All businesses depend on markets, or places
to buy and sell goods. North Carolina sells raw
materials, machinery, crops, and products to
markets around the world. Factories in other
countries use North Carolina’s raw materials and
machinery to make finished products.

The imports and exports of a market often
depend on the resources of a region. For exam-
ple, crops such as tobacco, cotton, and soybeans
grow well in North Carolina. However, fruits
such as oranges and grapefruits grow well in
warmer climates. North Carolinians must buy
oranges from other states and countries. At the
same time, those places buy certain crops that
grow well only in North Carolina.

NORTH CAROLINA’S EXPORTS include apples (left), appliances
(center), and computer electronics.

Agricultural Products Appliances and Machinery High-Tech and Electronics

244 ■ Unit 7

International Businesses in North Carolina

VIRGINIA CAMDEN

CURRITUCK
CHEROGKRTECAELEHANAYSMWNMAAEICNSOSJNAEHCEAKYSWOTRNOMAONABDHSDUYEINSLNVOCDAONMENMRYIISTAABCONEMHNPCRCEOELUDYLLTOKHWAEVWERELFBRALCOCUYTLARARELDUVKDAGEEWSLAAHECNALELAAGLLIDNWETLAALXCSIEWAOLTMGKONLBHEEINNDRASCAEEKNDRLYEYESLACNULADBRRBDKUROAAIRYNWRVGDRIAFEAUSOSNVTSTRIOADSNKMYSELTOOYSHRNNRROGAITCCUGNHKIODILMNMFOOOGLEAPRNHMRLHDYADAOCMMCAOHSARWAONETRECHLALECELAPNUEMEGDMRHEUSBAOGRERHNRRNAWALEANMTANVTKJVDIOELALHFNERNCASEWNTOKANLWRNIWRNAAEYSINLHNSEEOHDGNANLGRELOEENIFERCOANTOXIHEJRMOPABINMTCEMTEPRSATHAORVEBTNREEBITNNREFTAOGWICPUERAAHAFDTMOOSEHWRLSITICANONGTOTYPNRERRHQEYLDULEIPMDAAASRQNEUS OTANK
UNION ANSON HOKE SAMPSON DUPLIN
CARTERET
SCOTLAND ONSLOW

Foreign-Owned Businesses N ROBESON BLADEN PENDER
SOUTH CAROLINA
10 or more businesses
WE

1–9 businesses COLUMBUS NEW HANOVER

S0 50 100 Miles ATLANTIC

None 0 50 100 Kilometers BRUNSWICK OCEAN

Albers Equal-Area Projection

International Businesses REGIONS Study the map.
The cost of natural, human, and capital In what region are most
international businesses
resources is different in different places. The cost located?
of these resources can also change over time.
Entrepreneurs weigh these costs when making Scan the text on this page.
business decisions. Underline reasons that some
mills and factories have closed
Some businesses have closed factories and in North Carolina.
mills in North Carolina in recent years. This is
especially true in the textile and furniture indus-
tries. In some cases, the way a product was made
or the demand for a product changed. In other
cases, businesses moved to other states or coun-
tries because the resources were less expensive
there.

In recent years, some businesses from outside
North Carolina have moved into the state. In fact,
more than 750 international businesses are now
located in the state. These businesses are based
in more than 35 different countries. International
businesses now provide more than 200,000 jobs
in North Carolina. Some are part of the high-tech
industry.

Unit 7 ■ 245

Lesson Review

1. SUMMARIZE How does North Carolina Circle the letter of the correct answer.
depend on trade with other states and
nations? 4. Which of the following is a large shipping
port in North Carolina?
2. How are imports and international trade A Charlotte
related? B Wilmington
C Winston-Salem
3. How are exports and interdependence D Asheville
related?
5. Which country is North Carolina’s leading
trade partner?
A Mexico
B Great Britain
C China
D Canada

6. What do entrepreneurs consider when
deciding where to locate their businesses?
A interdependence
B imports and exports
C cost of resources
D specialization

Create a Chart Using information from this lesson, make a chart
listing North Carolina’s main imports and exports. Then use the chart
to explain to other students the interdependence between North Carolina
and other places.

246 ■ Unit 7

Review and Test Prep

The Big Idea

North Carolinians use many different resources to meet their
needs and wants.

Summarize the Unit

Focus Categorize and Classify Complete the organizer to classify
Skill

and categorize information about North Carolina’s economy.

People in North North Carolina’s People in North
Carolina use human, Economy Carolina work in
natural, and capital many industries.
resources.

Use Vocabulary

Fill in the missing term using a vocabulary term from the Word Bank.

1. is depending on one another for products and Word Bank
resources.
human resources
2. are products sent from one country to another. p. 227

3. are the workers that businesses use. income p. 231
interdependence
4. are products brought from one country to another.
p. 239
5. The money that people receive for their work is called . exports p. 242
imports p. 242

Unit 7 ■ 247

Think About It

6. List three kinds of services for which tax money pays.

7. How does interdependence affect North Carolina’s economy?

8. What are some of the leading industries in North Carolina?

Circle the letter of the correct answer. 10. What kind of resource includes machines?

9. Which of these is a renewable resource? A human resource
A minerals B natural resource
B trees C capital resource
C oil D agricultural resource
D fossil fuels

Writing Write a Paragraph To play a game that reviews
the unit, join Eco in the
Imagine that you work in one of the industries North Carolina Adventures
in North Carolina. Write a paragraph telling how your online or on CD.
job is affected by interdependence.

Activity Make a Bulletin Board

Make a bulletin board about economics in
North Carolina. Include information about resources,
industries, imports, exports, specialization, and inter-
dependence in your display.

248 ■ Unit 7

Technology in
North Carolina

A HIGH-TECH WORKER AT
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK

North Carolina Interactive Presentations

NORTH CAROLINA
STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY
COMPETENCY GOAL 7 The learner will
recognize how technology influences
change within North Carolina.

Unit 8 ■ 249

The Big Idea

How has technology affected the lives of people in
North Carolina?

Technology continues to change life and work in North Carolina. People use
new inventions or ideas to make life easier and help businesses grow. Changes
in technology can have both positive and negative effects.
Give one example of how each invention listed below has changed
everyday life in your community.
Airplane

Computer

Television

250 ■ Unit 8

Reading Social Studies

%MASQ Draw Conclusions
2IGJJ

A conclusion is a general statement about an idea or event. It is reached
by using what you learn from reading, combined with what you already know.
Keep in mind what you already know about the subject and the new facts you
learn. Look for clues, and think about what they mean. Combine new facts with
the facts you already know to draw a conclusion.

What you learn What you already know

A broad statement about an idea or event

Read the paragraphs. Draw a conclusion for the second paragraph. The
first paragraph has been done for you.

Businesses at Research Triangle Park do many different kinds of high-tech Evidence
research. People who do research think of ways to improve products that Knowledge
people use every day.
Conclusion
Conclusion: Researchers at the park work to invent new computers and
other high-tech equipment that people use every day.

In addition to high-tech research, scientists at Research Triangle Park
work to improve medicines and find cures for diseases. Medical research is
important to providing better hospital care.

Conclusion:

Unit 8 ■ 251

Read the article. Then complete the activities below.

Research Triangle Park

Research Triangle Park is one About 50 years have passed
of the largest research parks in since Research Triangle Park
the United States. The triangle was started. During that time,
is formed by the three major the park has become well known
universities in nearby towns—the throughout the world as a center
University of North Carolina at for medical research and computer
Chapel Hill, Duke University in technology.
Durham, and North Carolina State
University in Raleigh. Today, more than 130 companies
and organizations from the United
The park began in 1959. The States and around the world have
planners of Research Triangle Park offices in Research Triangle Park.
decided to make the park look like More than 39,000 people work
a college campus. The planners there. The park is sometimes called
thought that a college atmosphere the Virtual Valley because of the
would make workers feel more high-tech companies that are
creative. located there.

1. Circle evidence in the article that supports the conclusion that

Research Triangle Park encourages the growth of high-tech jobs
in North Carolina.

2. From the second paragraph, what conclusion can you draw about

life in Research Triangle Park?

3. Underline the sentences that draw a conclusion about the popularity

of Research Triangle Park.

252 ■ Unit 8

Lesson

Changes in
Technology

Technology has changed greatly over time. These changes have affected
how people travel and move goods and how people share ideas. What do you
think you will learn about technology and the movement of people, goods,
and ideas in this lesson?

SATELLITE DISH IN ROSMAN

NORTH CAROLINA
STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY
7.01 Cite examples from North Carolina’s history of the impact
of technology.
7.03 Explain how technology changed and influenced the
movement of people, goods, and ideas over time.

Unit 8 ■ 253

Skim the text on this page. Movement of People
Circle the paragraph that and Goods
describes how trains, ships,
and automobiles have changed Technology affects the way people travel. It
over time. also affects the way they move goods. Over time,
forms of transportation have changed greatly.
Use the facts on this page
to draw a conclusion about Road, Rail, and Sea
changes in transportation. The first major railroads in North Carolina

were built in the early 1800s. The first trains were
powered by steam engines. Many ships and even
some automobiles also used steam engines. The
steam engine allowed people to travel without
using horses or other animals. It also allowed
people and goods to move more quickly over
long distances.

Today, most trains, ships, and automobiles
have engines that are powered by fuels made
from petroleum. Others are powered by electric-
ity. These engines are more powerful and much
safer than earlier engines. As a result, trains,
ships, and automobiles travel faster and are able
to carry more people and goods.

CHANGING TRANSPORTATION Early automobiles in Warrenton (left);
an electric streetcar in Charlotte (below)

254

AIR TRAVEL Charlotte Douglas International Airport serves Study the chart. Circle the
about 30 million passengers a year. fastest way to travel.

Aviation Changes in Transportation
Wilbur and Orville Wright made their first
VEHICLE SPEED
flights on the Outer Banks in 1903. There have
been many changes in aviation since then. Covered Wagon 2 mph
Aviation is the making and flying of airplanes.
Steamboat 5 mph
As with other forms of transportation, bet-
ter airplane engines were invented over time. Steam Locomotive 30 mph
During the 1940s, some airplanes began using
jet engines. Jet engines were able to power much Early Automobile 45 mph
larger airplanes. They also allowed airplanes to
travel faster and to carry more weight. Jet Airplane 550 mph

Today, traveling by airplane is the fastest
way to travel. In fact, more than 700 million
airplane trips are taken each year. In just a few
hours, people can travel from North Carolina
to California. In less than a day, they can travel
halfway around the world.

Many industries use airplanes to ship goods
throughout the world. Because air travel is so
fast, customers can often have goods shipped to
them in one day.

Unit 8 ■ 255

How did people Movement of Ideas
communicate before the
telephone and telegraph? Technology also affects how people share
ideas. In the past, it often took weeks or even
Study the illustration. Why months to communicate by letter over long
are satellites used to send distances. Today, changes in technology allow
signals? people to share information instantly.

New Ways to Communicate
During the late 1800s, the telegraph and tele-

phone helped people communicate faster. Later
inventions such as the radio and television also
improved communication.

Today, many radios, televisions, phones and
other devices run on batteries. In addition, many
devices today are wireless. This means they can
be used almost anywhere.

Wireless devices do not depend on electric lines
for signals. They receive signals from stations
and satellites. A satellite is an object that orbits
Earth. Satellites receive information in signals
from Earth. Satellites then send the signals back
to devices on Earth.

Global Communication

Stations on Earth send signals
to satellites in orbit.

Because of their
position in space,
satellites can send
signals to devices
almost anywhere on
Earth.

256

Computers EARLY
The first electronic computer was built in COMPUTERS were
large and bulky.
1945. Early computers were so big that just one Computers made
filled an entire room. This changed with the with silicon chips
invention of the silicon chip in 1958. These tiny (above) are smaller,
devices replaced larger parts inside comput- lighter, and faster.
ers. Computers became smaller, faster, and less
expensive. Review the word Internet.
What do you already know
Today, computers are an important part of about the Internet?
everyday life for many people. Most people with
computers use the Internet. The Internet is a net- Scan the text. Why were
work that links computers around the world for silicon chips important?
the exchange of information and ideas. Many
government agencies, libraries, businesses, and Unit 8 ■ 257
schools have websites on the Internet. People visit
websites to find information and resources.

Computers and the Internet have changed the
way that people live and work. Many people
now communicate through electronic mail, or
e-mail. Some schools offer online classes to stu-
dents. Class assignments, homework, and tests
are completed by using a computer.

Lesson Review

1. SUMMARIZE How have changes in tech- Circle the letter of the correct answer.
nology affected the movement of people,
goods, and ideas? 4. Which form of transportation was most
affected by the jet engine?
2. Use the word Internet in a sentence about A airplane
education. B automobile
C truck
3. How have wireless devices affected com- D train
munication?
5. What are satellites used for?
A to receive and send information
B to make silicon chips
C to improve engines
D to make computers smaller

6. Which are used by students to take online
classes?
A computers
B radios
C satellites
D telephones

Interview a Person Interview a parent, a grandparent, or another
adult to find out how transportation and communication have
changed during that person’s lifetime. Prepare questions before the inter-
view, and be sure to ask how changes in technology have impacted life in
North Carolina. Write down the answers, and present them to your class.

258 ■ Unit 8

Lesson

Technology
Affects Life

Technology often makes work easier for people. As technology continues to
change, it affects the ways in which people live and work. How will reading
this lesson improve your understanding of the effects of technology?

A LAPTOP COMPUTER USER,
PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST

NORTH CAROLINA
STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY
7.02 Analyze the effect of technology on North Carolina’s
citizens, past and present.
7.04 Analyze the effect of technology on North Carolina citizens
today.

Unit 8 ■ 259

WATER-POWERED MILLS were built near the rivers or streams they used. Some
mills ground corn while others cut wood or made textiles.

Write a fact about how Technology in the Past
technology changed the textile
industry. Technology has always affected industries in
North Carolina. Many technologies helped indus-
Scan the text on this page. tries grow by making work easier.
How was water used to power
early mills? Around 1815, Michael Schenck built the state’s
first water-powered textile mill in Lincolnton.
260 ■ Unit 8 Flowing water from rivers and streams turned
machinery inside early mills. Later, mills were
powered by steam engines.

By 1920, several mills used electricity to power
machines. The textile industry grew quickly and
soon became one of the state’s top industries. As
industries grew, so did the cities near them. The
cities of Greensboro and Durham grew around
textile mills.

Technology also helped the tobacco indus-
try grow. Tobacco farming is one of the oldest
industries in the state. In the mid-1800s, many
farmers in North Carolina grew tobacco. One of
the largest tobacco growers in the state was the
Duke family. In 1870, the family built a factory in
Durham to make tobacco products.

In the 1880s, James B. Duke bought a ciga- What invention helped the
rette-making machine. This machine, which cut tobacco industry grow?
the cost of making cigarettes in half, caused the
tobacco industry to grow. Duke’s tobacco com- Study the photograph.
pany and others in the state provided hundreds What task do you think the
of jobs for North Carolinians. machines are performing?

For many years, farmers in North Carolina
prepared their fields by hand. They used plows
pulled by horses or by mules to turn the soil.
Farmers often hired workers to help them plant
and harvest crops. Even with extra workers,
planting and harvesting crops was difficult and
often took a long time.

During the 1920s, technology changed agri-
culture throughout North Carolina. During this
time, much of the work done on farms became
mechanized (MEH•kuh•nyzd), or powered by
machines. Machines helped farmers prepare land
faster. As a result, they could plant more crops.
New machines also helped farmers take care of
their crops and to harvest them easier and faster
than by hand.

MECHANIZED FARMING Early farm machines were pulled by
animals (right). Most farm machines today have gasoline engines.

261

HIGH-TECH Technology Today
BUSINESSES in North
Carolina include those Technology continues to change industries
in the aerospace, in North Carolina. For example, many textile
aviation, computer, mills now make materials out of synthetic fibers.
and health care People make synthetic fibers instead of getting
industries. them from plants and animals.

Review the meaning of the Farmers today add fertilizers to the soil to help
term e-commerce. Then draw crops grow. Often they use airplanes or other
an illustration to help show its machines to spray fields with chemicals. These
meaning. chemicals kill weeds and insects that damage
crops. Some farmers even use computers to plan
262 ■ Unit 8 when to plant and harvest their crops.

Technology is also changing the way people
buy and sell goods and services. Electronic com-
merce, or e-commerce, allows businesses and
people to buy and sell products worldwide by
using the Internet.

Today, people can use computers to check their
bank accounts and pay bills. Businesses use com-
puters and the Internet for meetings. People have
more free time because they do not have to travel
for business as much.

Many new technologies are developed in Use the facts on this page
North Carolina. Researchers and scientists work to draw a conclusion about the
on these technologies at universities throughout use of technology today.
the state. Much work also takes place at Research
Triangle Park in the Piedmont region. How do people you know
use technology?
Several businesses in Research Triangle Park
are related to health care. Some work on making
new medicines. Others make tools, such as lasers,
that can be used in surgery.

Some businesses in Research Triangle Park are
part of the aerospace industry. The aerospace
industry builds and tests equipment for air and
space travel, including satellites.

In addition to improving communications,
satellites are used to track and forecast weather
patterns on Earth. Satellites are also used with
Global Positioning System, or GPS, receivers.
Satellites are able to find the location of GPS
receivers anywhere on Earth. Many automobiles,
airplanes, trains, and ships now have GPS receiv-
ers and computers. With GPS, people can find
directions to any location on Earth.

SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY is used for many things including
GPS (right) and weather forecasting (below). Hundreds of
satellites orbit Earth today.

263

1958 Susan Helms
Susan Helms was born in Charlotte. She joined
Born
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) in 1990 and became an astronaut the fol-
lowing year. Her first space flight was on the shuttle
Endeavour in 1993. Helms participated in a total
of five space missions and worked aboard
the International Space Station for 163 days.

Present

2001 Helms works aboard
the International Space Station

Lesson Review

1. SUMMARIZE What are some of the effects 3. How has technology changed agriculture in
of technology? North Carolina?

2. Write a sentence using the term 4. How has technology changed health care in
e-commerce. North Carolina?

Write an Internet Advertisement Imagine that you are
a business owner. Write an Internet advertisement for your
business. In your advertisement, be sure to explain how e-commerce
works and how it will affect your customers.

264 ■ Unit 8

Lesson

Technology Today

In many ways, technology has made the lives of North Carolinians easier.
However, technology can also make life more difficult. What do you think you
will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of technology as you read
this lesson?

AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

NORTH CAROLINA
STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY
7.05 Identify the advantages and disadvantages of technology
in the lives of North Carolinians.

Unit 8 ■ 265

Use the facts on this page Life with Technology
to draw a conclusion about the
effects of technology. As you have read, technology affects the way
people live and work. Many of the effects of tech-
Break the word nology are positive. However, some of the effects
telecommute into the word of technology are negative.
parts tele- and commute. How
might these parts help you The use of technology in manufacturing has
remember the meaning of the helped industries grow. New tools and machines
word? make goods faster than ever before. Machines
also do dangerous work. For example, many
furniture makers today use computer-controlled
tools to cut wood. Many textile mills stitch and
weave materials with machines.

Many workers in manufacturing today need
special training to use high-tech machines and
tools. In some industries, machines now do much
of the work once done by people. As a result,
businesses sometimes need fewer workers.

Today, some workers telecommute, or do their
jobs from home. With computers, these workers
are able to send and receive information through
the Internet. This technology also allows people
to communicate by using computers.

COMPUTERIZED MACHINES perform difficult and dangerous
work in many industries today.

266 ■ Unit 8

356P TK High tech
class room

TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOLS Many students today use computers Scan the text on this page.
in their classrooms. Underline two technologies
used at school.
The Information Age
Most people today depend on technology. How many homes in North
Carolina had computers in
Businesses, schools, and governments rely on 2001?
technology. It is used every day to gather, share,
and store information. Computers allow data to Computers in North Carolina
be stored and shared quickly and at a low cost.
Data is factual information. It is often shared or YEAR HOMES WITH COMPUTERS
stored using computers.
2001
Technology also creates challenges for people.
When problems with computers or the Internet 2003 = 100,000 homes
happen, people are not able to work. Sometimes = 200,000 homes
computers are damaged. When this happens,
great amounts of data can be lost. In addition,
some people have found ways to steal data off
computers using the Internet. For this reason,
businesses and individuals must be very careful
when they share and use data.

The time we live in today is sometimes called
the Information Age. This name is used because
almost every part of life is now connected in
some way to technology and information. As
technology grows, it will continue to bring
advantages and disadvantages to everyday life.

Unit 8 ■ 267

Lesson Review

1. SUMMARIZE What are some advantages 4. How do businesses rely on technology?
and disadvantages of technology?

2. Use the word telecommute in a sentence. 5. Why must people be careful when they
share and use data?

3. How has technology affected the way goods 6. Why is the time we live in sometimes called
are manufactured? the Information Age?

Conduct a Survey Survey your classmates. Ask them what types
of technology they use. List some of the advantages and disadvan-
tages of using those types of technology.

268 ■ Unit 8

Review and Test Prep

The Big Idea

Changes in technology affect the way people in North Carolina
live and work.

Summarize the Unit

Focus Draw Conclusions Complete the organizer to draw conclu-
Skill

sions about how technology affects life in North Carolina.

Many people in North Technology can help
Carolina use technology people in their jobs.
in their jobs.

Use Vocabulary

Fill in the missing word in each sentence using a vocabulary word from
the Word Bank.

1. is information.

2. is the making and flying of airplanes. Word Bank

3. A is an object that orbits the earth. aviation p. 255
satellite p. 256
4. means powered by machines. mechanized p. 261
aerospace p. 263
5. The industry is related to the building and data p. 267

testing of equipment for air and space travel. Unit 8 ■ 269

Think About It

6. List two technologies that are used to share ideas and information.

7. How has technology changed life in North Carolina?

8. List three ways that technology has affected work in North Carolina.

Circle the letter of the correct answer. 10. Which of the following was invented first?

9. How did machines help farmers? A the telephone
B the Internet
A They planted new crops. C the television
B They could prepare only a small amount D the telegraph

of land.
C Crops took longer to grow.
D They could prepare land faster.

Writing Write a Diary Entry To play a game that reviews
the unit, join Eco in the
Write about technologies that you use every North Carolina Adventures
day. Explain how your life would be different without online or on CD.
technology.

Activity Design a Website

Design a website about technology in North
Carolina. On paper, draw a display of your home page
with links to other sections. Complete your sections
with articles, illustrations, maps, and graphs.

270 ■ Unit 8

For Your Reference

GLOSSARY
R2

INDEX
R9

Glossary

The Glossary contains important history and social science words and their definitions, listed in alphabetical
order. Each word is respelled, as it would be in a dictionary. When you see the mark ´ after a syllable,
pronounce that syllable with more force. The page number at the end of the definition tells where the word is
first used in this book. Guide words at the top of each page help you quickly locate the word you need to find.

add, āce, câre, pälm; end, ēqual; it, īce; odd, ōpen, ôrder; t k, p l; up, bûrn; y as u in fuse; oil;
pout; ə as a in above, e in sicken, i in possible, o in melon, u in circus; check; ring; thin; is; zh as in vision

A bill (bil) An idea for a new law. p. 171

abolitionist (a•bə•li´shən•ist) A person who bill of rights (bil uv rīts) A list of rights all
wanted to abolish, or end, slavery. p. 91 citizens should have, such as freedom of
speech and religion. p. 79
absolute location (ab´sə•l t lō•kā´shən) The
exact location of a place on Earth. p. 5 blockade (blä•kād´) To use warships to
prevent other ships from entering or leaving
adapt (ə•dapt´) To change in order to make a harbor. p. 95
more useful, such as fitting one’s way of
living into a new environment. p. 24 bluegrass (bl ´gras) A style of country music.
p. 200
aerospace (âr´ō•spās) Having to do with the
building and testing of equipment for air budget (bə´jət) A plan for spending money.
and space travel. p. 263 p. 172

amendment (ə•mend´mənt) An addition or C
change to a constitution. p. 97
candidate (kan´də•dāt or ka´nə•dət) A person
appeal (ə•pēl´) To ask a higher court to change who is running for public office in an
a decision made by a lower court. p. 173 election. p. 166

assembly (ə•sem´blē) A group of people canyon (kan´yən) A deep, narrow valley with
elected to make laws and decide how money steep sides. p. I6
should be spent. p. 56
cape (kāp) Point of land that extends into
aviation (ā•vē•ā´shən) The making and flying water. p. I6
of airplanes. p. 255
capital (ka´pə•təl) The city in which a
B government meets. p. 88

backcountry (bak´kən•trē) The area beyond, capital resources (ka´pə•təl rē´sôrs•ez) The
or in back of, the area settled by Europeans. tools, machines, buildings, and money
p. 61 needed to run a business. p. 227

barter (bär´tər) To exchange goods without capitol (ka´pə•tōl) The building where
using money. p. 71 lawmakers meet. p. 88

basin (bā´sən) Low, bowl-shaped land with cardinal directions (kär´də•nəl di•rek´shənz)
higher ground all around it. p. I6 The main directions: north, south, east, and
west. p. I9
bay (bā) Inlet of the sea or of some other body
of water, usually smaller than a gulf. p. I6 cash crop (kash krop) A crop people raise to
sell to others rather than to use themselves.
p. 55

R2 ■ Reference

category e-commerce

category (ka´tə•gôr•ē) A group of things that contrast (kän´trast) To think about how two or

has something in common. p. 217 more things are different. p. 121

cause (koz) An action or event that makes county (koun´tē) A part of a state, usually
something else happen. p. 85 larger than a city, that has its own
government. p. 88
ceremony (ser´ə•mōn•nē) A celebration that
honors an event. p. 47 county seat (koun´tē sēt) The center of
government for a county. p. 174
channel (cha’nəl) Deepest part of a body of
water. p. I6 culture (kul´chər) The way of life of a group of
people. p. 13
charter (chär´tər) A document giving a person
or group official approval to take a certain custom (kus´təm) A usual way of doing
action. p. 56 things. p. 140

citizen (si´tə•zən) A member of a community,
city, state, or country. p. 163

civil rights (si´vəl rīts) The rights given to all D
citizens by the United States Constitution.
p. 114 data (dā´tə) Factual information that is often
shared or stored using computers. p. 267
civil war (si´vəl wôr) A war fought between
groups of people in the same country. p. 93 delta (del’tə) Triangle-shaped area of land at
the mouth of a river. p. I6
classify (kla´sə•fī) To sort information into
categories. p. 217 democracy (di•mä´krə•sē) A form of
government in which the people rule by
clogging (klog´ing) A kind of traditional folk making decisions themselves or by electing
dancing that is done to Appalachian folk people to make decisions for them. p. 45
music. p. 200
depression (di•pre´shən) A time when there
coastal plain (kōs´təl plān) An area of low land are few jobs and people have little money.
that lies along the shoreline. p. I6 p. 107

colony (kä´lə•nē) A settlement that is ruled by descendants (di•sen´dənts) The children
a faraway government. p. 51 or grandchildren of a person or group of
people. p. 15
compare (kəm•pâr´) To think about how two
or more things are similar. p. 121 detail (di•tāl´) More information about the
main idea. p. 3
compass rose (kum´pəs rōz) A drawing on a
map that shows directions. p. I9 diverse (dī•vərs´) Made up of different people
or groups. p. 129
conclusion (kən•kl ´zhən) A general
statement about an idea or event. p. 251 division of labor (də•vi´zhən uv lā´bər)
Dividing work into different jobs or tasks.
confederation (kən•fe•də•rā´shən) A p. 238
government made up of smaller groups that
work for the same goals. p. 47

constitution (kän•stə•t ´shən) A plan of E
government. p. 79
e-commerce (e´kä•mərs) The buying and
consumer (kən•s ´mər) A person who buys a selling of products and services worldwide
product or service. p. 219 by using the Internet. p. 262

continent (kän´tə•nənt) One of the seven
largest land areas on Earth. p. I4

Glossary ■ R3

economic choice human resources

economic choice (e•kə•nä´mik chois´) A G
decision about how to use resources. p. 219
generalize (jen´rə•līz) To make a statement
economics (e•kə•nä´miks) The study of how about how different facts are related. p. 149
money, goods, and services are used in a
society. p. 216 glacier (glā´shər) A huge, slow-moving mass of
ice. p. I6
economy (i•kä´nə•mē) The way people use
resources to meet their needs. p. 216 government (guv´ərn•mənt) A system for
making decisions for a group of people.
effect (i•fekt´) What happens because of an p. 45
action or event. p. 85
governor (guv´ər•nər) The leader of a colony
elevation (e•lə•vā´shən) The height of the land or the head of the executive branch of state
above sea level. p. 32 government. p. 52

entrepreneur (än•trə•prə•nər´) A person who grid system (grid sis´təm) A set of lines
sets up a new business. p. 226 that cross each other to form a pattern of
squares. p. I10
equator (i•kwā´tər) An imaginary line that
divides Earth into the Northern Hemisphere gulf (gulf) A part of an ocean or sea extending
and the Southern Hemisphere. p. I4 into the land. p. I6

ethnic group (eth´nik gr p) A group of people H
from the same country, of the same race, or
with a shared culture. p. 124 hemisphere (he´mə•sfir) A half of Earth. p. I5

executive branch (ig•ze´kyə•tiv branch) A heritage (her´ə•tij) Traditions, beliefs, and
branch of government whose main job is to ways of life that have been handed down
see that laws passed by the legislative branch from the past. p. 136
are carried out. p. 172
high-tech (hī tek) Shortened form of the words
expedition (ek•spə•di´shən) A journey into a high technology; having to do with inventing,
new land to learn more about it. p. 51 building, or using computers and other
kinds of electronic equipment. p. 223
export (ek´spôrt) A product shipped from one
country to be sold in another; to sell goods to historical map (his´tôr•i•kəl map) A map that
people in another country. p. 242 shows parts of the world as they were in the
past. p. I8
F
holiday (hä´lə•dā) A day set aside for
fall line (fôl līn) A place where a river drops remembering a special person or event.
from higher to lower land. p. I6 p. 192

festival (fes´tə•vəl) A celebration that usually hub (hub) The center of something, such as a
happens every year. p. 194 business or industry. p. 154

free enterprise (frē en´tər•prīz) An economic human feature (hy ´mən fē´chər) A feature
system in which people are able to start made by people. p. I2
and run their own businesses with limited
control by the government. p. 225 human resources (hy ´mən rē´sôrs•ez) The
workers who make goods or provide
frontier (frən•tir´) Land beyond the settled services. p. 227
lands. p. 33

R4 ■ Reference

hurricane locator

hurricane (hûr´ə•kān) A huge rotating storm international trade (in•tər•na´shə•nəl trād)
with heavy rains and wind speeds of at least Trade with other countries. p. 242
74 miles per hour. p. 152
Internet (in´tər•net) A network that links
hydroelectricity (hī•drō•i•lek•tris´ə•tē) computers around the world for the
Electricity produced by using waterpower. exchange of information and ideas. p. 257
p. 26
invest (in•vest´) To buy something that will
grow in value. p. 232

isthmus (is’məs) A narrow strip of land

I connecting two larger areas of land. p. I6

immigrant (i´mi•grənt) A person who moves
to one country from another. p. 130

impeach (im•pēch´) To accuse a government J
official of wrongdoing. p. 179
judicial branch (j •di´shəl branch) A branch
import (im´pôrt) A good, or product, that is of the government whose main job is to see
brought into one country from another to be that laws are carried out fairly. p. 173
sold; to bring in goods from another country
to sell. p. 242 jury (j r´ē) A group of citizens who decide a
case in court. p. 165
inauguration (i•nô•gyə•rā´shən) A ceremony
held when a government leader, such as the
United States President, takes office. p. 182

income (in´kəm) The money that people L
receive for their work. p. 231

independence (in•də•pen´dəns) Freedom to labor union (lā´bər y n´yən) A group of
govern oneself. p. 73 workers who act together to get employers
to listen to their demands. p. 113
industry (in´dus•trē) All the businesses that
make one kind of product or provide one landform (land´fôrm) A natural feature
kind of service. p. 19 that makes up Earth’s surface, such as
mountains, hills, plains, and valleys. p. 6
inlet (in´let) Any area of water extending into
the land from a larger body of water. p. I6 legislative branch (le´jəs•lā•tiv branch) The
lawmaking branch of government. p. 171
inset map (in´sət map) A smaller map within a
larger map. p. I8 limited (li´mə•ted) Scarce. p. 220

interdependence (in•tər•di•pen´dəns) lines of latitude (linz uv la´tə•t d) Lines that
Depending on one another for resources and run east and west on a map. p. I10
products. p. 239
lines of longitude (linz uv län´ja•t d) Lines
interest (in´tə•rest) The money a bank pays that run north and south on a map. p. I10
people for using their money or charges
them for loaning money to them. p. 232 location (lō•kā´shən) The place where
something is found. p. I2
intermediate directions (in•tər•mē´dē•at
də•rek´shənz) The directions between the locator (lō•kā´tər) A small map or globe that
cardinal directions: northeast, southeast, shows where the place on the main map is
southwest, northwest. p. I9 located within a larger area. p. I9

Glossary ■ R5

main idea prime meridian

MO

main idea (mān´ i´dē•ə) The most important opportunity cost (ä•pər•t ´nə•tē kôst) What
idea of a paragraph or passage. p. 3 people decide to give up in order to get
something else. p. 221
manufacturing (man•yə•fak´chə•ring) The
making of products from raw materials by P
hand or by machinery. p. 102
pastime (pas´tīm) An activity that people do
map key (map kē) A box on a map in which for recreation. p. 144
map symbols are explained. p. I8
patriotism (pā´trē•ə•ti•zəm) Love of country.
map scale (map skāl) A part of a map that p. 192
compares a distance on a map to a distance
in the real word. p. I9 peninsula (pə•nin´sə•lə) Land that is almost
completely surrounded by water. p. I7
map title (map ti´təl) A title that tells what a
map is about. p. I8 petition (pə•ti´shən) A written request for
action signed by many people. p. 126
marsh (märsh) Lowland with moist soil and
tall grasses. p. I6 physical environment (fi´zi•kəl in•vī´rən•mənt)
The surroundings in which people live. p. 23
mechanized (me´kə•nīzd) Powered by
machines. p. 261 physical feature (fi´zi•kəl fē´chər) A feature
formed by nature. p. I2
mesa (mā’sə) Flat-topped mountain with steep
sides. p. I7 pioneer (pī•ə•nēr´) A person who is among
the first to settle in a place. p. 62
migrant worker (mī´grənt wûr´kər) A worker
who moves from place to place, harvesting plain (plān) An area of flat or gently rolling
crops. p. 133 low land. p. I7

migration (mī•grā´shən) The movement of plateau (pla•tō´) An area of high, flat land.
people from one place to another. p. 30 p. I7

modify (mäd´ə•fī) To change. p. 25 political map (pə•li´ti•kəl map) A map that
shows cities, states, and countries. p. I8
mountain pass (moun’tən pas) A gap between
mountains. p. I7 political party (pə•li´ti•kəl pär´tē) A group
that tries to elect officials who share the
mountain range (moun’tən rānj) A row of group’s beliefs and ideas. p. 166
mountains. p. I7
pollution (pə•l ´shən) Anything that makes a
mouth of river (mouth uv ri´vər) The place natural resource dirty or unsafe to use.
where a river empties into a larger body of p. 228
water. p. I7
potter (pä´tər) A person who makes pottery.
municipal (my •ni´sə•pəl) Having to do with p. 198
city or town government. p. 174
powwow (pou´wou) A gathering at which
N people celebrate American Indian culture.
p. 126
natural resource (nach´ə•rəl rē´sôrs)
Something found in nature, such as water, prime meridian (prīm mə•rid´ē•ən) The
soil, or minerals, that people can use to meet line that divides Earth into the Western
their needs. p. 10 Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere.
p. I5

R6 ■ Reference

protest suffrage

protest (prō´test) To object to a policy. p. 75 rural (r r´əl) An area in the countryside. p. 20

public office (pub´lik ô´fəs) An elected or S
appointed job in local, state, or national
government. p. 164

Q satellite (sa´təl•īt) An object that orbits Earth.
p. 256
quilting (kwilt´ing) The act of sewing together
different pieces of cloth in a pattern to make savanna (sə•va’nə) Area of grassland and
a blanket. p. 199 scattered trees. p. I7

sea level (sē lev´əl) The level of the surface of
the ocean. p. I7

R secede (si•sēd´) To leave the United States, or
Union. p. 94
ration (ra´shən) To allow the purchase of only
a certain amount of some goods. p. 109 segregation (se•gri•gā´shən) The practice of
keeping people apart because of their race or
raw material (rô mə•tir´ē•əl) A resource in its culture. p. 114
natural state, such as a mineral, that can be
used to manufacture a product. p. 52 sequence (sē´kwəns) The order in which
events happen. p. 39
recognize (re´kəg•nīz) To grant official state or
national acceptance. p. 124 service worker (sər´vəs wər´kər) A person who
provides services to other people for pay.
recycle (rē•sī´kəl) To reuse a product. p. 229 p. 153

region (rē´jən) An area with features that shag (shag´) A style of dance that became
make it different from other areas. p. 13 popular in the coastal areas of North
Carolina and South Carolina. p. 201
relative location (re´lə•tiv lō•kā´shən) The
position of a place in relation to one or more sharecropper (sher´krä•pər) A farmer who
other places on Earth. p. 5 rents farmland by paying the owner a share
of the crops. p. 97
religious toleration (ri•lij´əs täl•ə•rā´shən) The
acceptance of religious differences. p. 160 slavery (slā´vər•ē) The practice of holding
people and forcing them to work against
representation (re•pri•zen•tā´shən) Acting their will. p. 91
or speaking on behalf of someone or for a
group. p. 74 source of river (sôrs uv ri´vər) The place where
a river begins. p. I7
research (ri•sərch´) The careful study or
investigation of information. p. 183 specialize (spe´shə•līz) To work at one kind of
job and learn to do it well. p. 237
revolution (rev•ə•l ´shən) A sudden,
complete change in government. p. 76 states’ rights (stāts rīts) The idea that slavery
and other issues should be decided by state
river system (ri´vər sis´təm) A system that governments. p. 94
drains, or carries away, water from the land
around it. p. 9 stock (stäk) A share of ownership in a
company. p. 107
royal colony (roi´əl kä´lə•nē) A colony ruled
directly by a king or queen. p. 59 strait (strāt) A narrow channel of water
connecting two larger bodies of water. p. I7

suffrage (su´frij) The right to vote. p. 112

Glossary ■ R7

summarize wildlife refuge

summarize (sə´mə•rīz) To state in your own U
words a shortened version of what you read
or heard. p. 189 unemployment (un•im•ploi´mənt) The
number of people without jobs. p. 107
swamp (swämp) An area of low, wet land with
trees. p. I7 urban (ûr´bən) Like, in, or of a city. p. 18

T V

tax (taks) Money that a government collects veto (vē´tō) To reject. p. 172
from people to pay for services. p. 57 volcano (vol•kā´nō) An opening in Earth’s

technology (tek•nä´lə•jē) The use of surface out of which hot gases, ash, and lava
knowledge and tools to make or do are forced. p. I7
something. p. 99 volunteer (vä•lən•tir´) A person who chooses
to work without pay. p. 167
telecommute (te´li•kə•my t) To work at a job
from home, using a telephone or computer. W
p. 266
wildlife refuge (wīld´līf re´fy j) A place
tourism (t r´iz•əm) The selling of goods and where birds and animals are protected,
services to travelers. p. 19 usually by the government. p. 207

trade-off (trād´ôf) What you have to give
up buying or doing in order to buy or do
something else. p. 221

tradition (trə•dish´ən) A custom or an idea
that has been handed down from the past.
p. 140

treaty (trē´tē) A written agreement between
groups or countries. p. 69

tributary (trib´yə•ter•ē) A stream or river that
flows into a larger river. p. I7

R8 ■ Reference

Index

Page references for illustrations are set in italic type. An italic m indicates a map.
Page references set in boldface type indicate the pages on which vocabulary terms are
defined.

A Meherrin, 124 B
Moravian settlements and, 64
Abolitionists, 91 Mountain region, 46–47, 46, 47 Backcountry, 61, 62–63
Absolute location, 5 Occaneechi, 44, 124 Bahama, North Carolina, 208
Activities, 12, 34, 36, 48, 82, 110, 118, Oconaluftee, 143 Bald Head Island, 17
Pamlico, 42, 57 Banjo, 137, 200
128, 144, 146, 158, 168, 184, 186, 204, Pee Dee, 144 Banking, 154, 217, 218
214, 224, 236, 240, 246, 248, 258, Piedmont region, 44–45, 123, 124
268, 270 powwows, 126, 207 capital resources, 227
Adapt, 24 recognized, 124, 125, 126, 127 Federal Reserve, 218
Aerospace, 263 Saponi Nation, 124, 125 Baptists, 63, 160
Africa, 137 settlements, 33 Barbecue, 141
African Americans Siouan, 42, 44, 122 Barbecue Festival, 141
barbecue, 141 Trail of Tears, 90 Barker, Penelope, 75, 75
education for, 181 tribes, 41 Barlowe, Arthur, 52
equal treatment, 97 Tuscarora, 42, 57, 57, 58 Barrier islands, 6
free African Americans, 131 village life, 42 Barter, 71
museums, 142 Waccamaw-Siouan, 42, 125, 207 Basin, I6
segregation, 114–115 American Red Cross, 180 Basketball, 209, 209
sharecroppers, 97 American Revolution Basketmaking, 199, 199
slavery, 51, 59, 65, 91–93, 91, 92, 97 battles, 76, 78, 209 Bath, North Carolina, 40
soldiers, 105 map, m78 Battle of Fort Fisher, 93
vote, 97, 115 time line, 76–77 Battle of Guilford Courthouse, 78,
Air pollution, 228, 228 American Tobacco Company, 232 209
Air traffic controller, 265 Angelou, Maya, 182, 182 Battle of Kings Mountain, 78
Airplanes, 103, 103, 227, 241, 255 Anlyan, William, 183 Battle of Moores Creek Bridge, 76,
Airports, 29, 255 Appalachian Mountains, 7, 68 209
Alabama, 7, 39 Appalachian Storytelling Festival, Bay, I6
Albemarle Sound, 56 141 Beach music, 201
Algonquian, 42 Appeal, 173 Beasley, Karen, 167
Alice Freeman Palmer Memorial Appellate courts, 173 Beaufort, North Carolina, 95
Institute, 181 Apples, 20, 20, 157, 244 Bennett, James, 96
Allied Powers, 109 Army, 152 Bethabara, 64
Amadas, Philip, 52 Arts and crafts, 193, 197, 210. See also Bethania, 64
Amendment, 97, 112 Music Big Idea, The, 2, 38, 84, 120, 148, 188,
American Dance Festival, 201 basketmaking, 199, 199, 210 216, 250
American Indians dance, 190, 200, 201, 201 Bill, 171–172, 172
Algonquian, 42 drama, 203, 203 Bill of Rights, 79, 149
arts and crafts, 126, 198 glassmaking, 197, 199, 220 Biltmore Estate, 194
Catawba, 44, 45 museums, 202 Biographies
Cheraw, 122 patchwork, 126 Penelope Barker, 75
Cherokee, 33, 46–47, 69, 85, 90, 122, pottery, 198, 198, 220 James B. Duke, 232
preserving arts, 202 Henry Frye, 176
125, 127, 143, 203 quilting, 139, 199 Billy Graham, 161
clans, 47 schools, 199, 202 Susan Helms, 264
Coastal Plain, 42–43, 42, 124, 125 Asheville, North Carolina, 69, 100, Harriet Jacobs, 92
Coharie, 125, 207 182, 194, 210, 210 Dock Rmah, 200
Croatan, 122 Asian Americans, 129, 132, 200 Carlota Santana, 208
dance, 200 Assembly, 56 Sequoyah, 128
democracy, 45 Assembly line, 102 John White, 12
employment, 125 Astrolabe, 50 Blackbeard, 58, 58
festivals, 119, 121, 123 Atlantic Ocean, 6, 8, 14 Blockade, 95
Haliwa-Saponi, 125 Australia, 132 Blue Ridge Mountains, 7, 9, 33, 62,
Indian removal, 85, 90 Automobiles, 102, 102, 228, 254, 263 67, 69
Iroquoian, 42, 46 Aviation, 103, 103, 227, 241, 255 Blue Ridge Parkway, 27, 27, 157
languages, 42, 44, 46, 127 Axe, 70 Blue Ridge Parkway Folk Art Center,
legends, 141 Ayllón, Lucas Vásquez de, 51, 51 210
Lumbee, 121, 122, 125, 126, Azalea Festival, 194 Bluegrass, 200

181, 207

Index ■ R9

Boats Conservation programs

Boats. See Ships and boats Charles II, King of England, 56 Reconstruction, 97, 114
Boll weevils, 183 Charlotte, North Carolina, 18, 78, slavery and, 93
Bonny, Anne, 58, 58 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC),
Boone, Daniel, 68, 68 102, 102, 103, 112, 130, 154, 194, 197, 108
Borders, 3 203, 208, 209, 218, 227, 255, 264 Clans, 47, 211
Boston Tea Party, 75, 76 Charlotte Bobcats, 209 Classify, 217
Brickmaking, 223 Charlotte Douglas International Clay, 11
Britain, 63, 73 Airport, 29, 255 Clayton, Eva, 180, 180
Charter, 56, 56 Clement, Lillian Exum, 112
English colonies, 52–53, 73 Charts and Graphs Climate, 4, 40, 152, 156, 263
World War I, 106 Branches of the North Carolina Clogging, 200, 201
Broadleaf trees, 11 Clothing, 43, 63, 140, 235
Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 181 State Government, 170 Coastal Area Management Act of
Buddhists, 160 Changes in Transportation, 255 1974, 221
Budget, 172 Computers in North Carolina, 267 Coastal plain, I6
Factors of Production, 226 Coastal Plain region, 6, 6, 14, 15
C Ford Automobiles Made in American Indians, 42–43, 42, 124,

Caber, 211 Charlotte, 102 125
Cabins, 33, 67, 70 How a Bill Becomes a Law, 172 cash crops, 55
Campbellton, North Carolina, 130 Leading Agricultural Products in culture, 43, 152–153, 206–207
Canada, 74, 243 early people, 42
Candidate, 166 North Carolina, 20 farms, 20
Canyon, I6 Morse Code, 101 festivals and celebrations, 206–207
Cape, I6 North Carolina Foreign-Born hurricanes, 152
Cape Fear area, 59, 207 map, m152
Cape Fear Museum of History and Population, 132 movement in, 31
North Carolina Population, 1790– natural resources, 10
Science, 142 population, m152
Cape Fear River, 9, 51 1820, 33 recreation, 21
Cape Hatteras, 31 North Carolina Tax Spending, 235 rivers, 8
Capital, 88 North Carolina Industries, 222 settlers, 18, 55–59
Capital resources, 227, 245 Ships Built in Wilmington, 1941– working on, 153
Capitol, 83, 87, 88, 169 Coffin, Levi, 91, 91
Cardinal directions, I9 1945, 109 Coharie, 125, 207
Carolina, 56, 56, 57, 59 State Fair Attendance, 1995–2005, Colony, 51
Carolina Hurricanes, 209, 209 charter, 56
Carolina Panthers, 209 193 conflicts in, 40, 57
Cash crops, 55, 91 Unemployment in North Carolina, English colonies, 52–53, 73–75
Caswell, Richard, 77 first town in North Carolina, 40
Catawba, 44, 45 107 French colonies, 74
Categorize and classify, 217–218, 247 United States Tax Spending, 234 pirates, 58, 58
Category, 217 Cheraw, 122 proprietary colony, 56
Catholics, 160 Cherokee, 33, 46–47, 69, 85, 90, 122, protests, 75
Cause, 85 125, 127, 143, 203 Roanoke Island, 52–53, 53, 59
Cause and effect, 85–86, 117 Cherokee children, 48 taxes and, 57
Celebrations. See Festivals and cel- Cherokee Phoenix, 128 thirteen colonies, 74
Chickens, 20, 222 Coltrane, John, 182, 182
ebrations Child labor, 113, 113 Columbia, North Carolina, 195
Ceremony, 47 Children in History Columbus, Christopher, 50
Chadbourn, North Carolina, 206 Cherokee children, 48 Communication
Change junior historians, 142 mail, 103
North Carolina Big Sweep, 158 radio, 256
cultural change, 137 textile mill workers, 113 technology and, 256, 256
economic change, 59 China, 132, 243 telegraph, 101
social change, 57, 111–115 Christianity, 63, 159–161 telephone, 101, 101
Channel, I6 Christmas trees, 20, 157 television, 256, 256
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 18, 114 Cities, 18 Compare, 121
Character Citizen, 163, 164 Compare and contrast, 121–122, 145
caring, 208 active citizens, 166 Compass rose, I9
citizenship, 128, 232 informed citizens, 165 Computers, 257, 259, 266, 266
cooperation, 264 responsibilities of, 165 Conclusions, 251
honesty, 161 rights of, 164 Concord, Massachusetts, 76
justice, 176 volunteers, 167 Confederate States of America, 94
perseverance, 92 City council, 175 Confederation, 47
respect, 200 City manager, 175 Congressional Gold Medal, 161
responsibility, 75 Civil rights, 114, 114–115 Conservation programs, 221
trustworthiness, 12 Civil War, 92, 93
battles, 93, 95
blockade, 95
Civil War states, m94
Constitution of North Carolina

and, 170
flags, 94
North Carolina, m96

R10 ■ Reference

Constitution Fall Line

Constitution, 79 customs and traditions, 140–141 Eastern Woodlands people, 41
Constitution of North Carolina, 164 diversity, 136 E-commerce, 262
heritage and, 136 Economic change, 59
amendments of, 170 Mountain region, 156–157, 210–211 Economic choices, 219
Declaration of Rights, 149 movement and, 135 Economics, 216
functions of state leaders, 148 museums, 142 Economy, 216. See also Money;
rights of citizens, 149, 164 pastimes, 144
versions of, 150, 170 physical environment and, 205 Natural resource; Taxes; Trade
Constitution of United States Piedmont region, 154–155, 208–209 banking, 154, 217, 218
Amendments, 97, 112 pioneer culture, 71 capital resources, 227, 245
Bill of Rights, 79, 149 reenactments, 143 changes in North Carolina
Constitutional Convention, 79 religion, 159–161
ratify, 79 traditions, 140–141, 144 economy, 222
rights of citizens, 79, 149, 164 tribal culture, 42–45 choices, 221
writing of, 79 Cumberland Gap, 68 conservation programs, 221
Constitutional Convention, 79 Custom, 140–141 demand, 239
Consumers, 219 division of labor, 238
Continents, I4 D e-commerce, 262
Contrast, 121 free enterprise, 225
Cooking, 70 Dams, 9, 108 human resources, 227, 245
Corn, 10, 11, 20, 71 Dance, 190, 200 interdependence, 239, 241
Cornwallis, Charles, 78 international trade, 242–243, 245,
Cotton, 20, 55, 59, 183, 238 clogging, 200, 201
Cotton mills in 1899, 113 flamenco, 208 245
Council-manager form of govern- folk dance, 208 markets, 244
ment, 175 modern dance, 201 opportunity costs, 221
County, 88, m175 Scottish dance, 211 specialization, 237
County government, 174 shag, 201 technology and, 261, 261, 262
County seat, 174 Data, 267 trade-offs, 221, 221
County sheriff, 174 Dayton, Ohio, 103 Edenton Peanut Festival, 206
Courthouses, 147, 175 De Soto, Hernando, 51, 51 Edenton Tea Party, 75, 75
Covered wagons, 61 Declaration, 76 Education, 65, 65, 89, 114
Cows, 222 Declaration of Independence, 77, 77 education center, 154
Crafts. See Arts and crafts Declaration of Rights, 149 Educators, 181
Crimes, 164 Deep River, 9 Effect, 85
Croatan, 122 Deer, 43 Egypt, 183
Croatan Indian Normal School, 181 Delta, I6 Electricity, 26, 101
Croatoan, 53 Democracy, 45, 148, 165 Elevation, 32, m32
Crops. See also Farming Depression, 107 Elion, Gertrude B., 183
apples, 157 Descendants, 15, 85 Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 52
cash crops, 55, 91 Details, 3, 35 Ellis, John W., 94
Christmas trees, 20, 157 Disease, 40, 51, 183 Emancipation Proclamation, 97
corn, 10, 11, 20, 71 Distance scale, I9 Emeralds, 11
cotton, 20, 55, 59, 183, 238 District of Columbia, 218 Endeavour space shuttle, 264
peanuts, 10, 206, 242 Diverse, 129 England, 198
rice, 55, 59 Division of labor, 238 Entrepreneurs, 226, 226,
soybeans, 10, 242 Dogwood Festival, 194 Environment. See Physical environ-
strawberries, 206 Dole, Elizabeth, 180, 180 ment
sweet potatoes, 10, 20, 242 Drake, Sir Francis, 52 Equal Suffrage League, 112
tobacco, 10, 20, 55, 56, 59, 153, 155, Drama, 203, 203. See also Outdoor Equator, I4–I5, I10
drama Ervin, Sam J., 180, 180
157, 223, 242, 260–261 Draw conclusions, 251–252, 269 Ethnic group, 124, 139, 142, 193. See
top agricultural products, 20 Duke, James B., 232, 261 also American Indians
watermelons, 10, 206 Duke University, 183, 201, 232, 252 European settlers, 25, 32
wheat, 10, 20 Dulcimers, 200 Executive branch, 170, 172
CSS Neuse, 95 Durant, George, 57 Expedition, 51
Cuba, 133 Durham, North Carolina, 18, 100, Exploration
Culpeper, John, 57 183, 201, 232, 260 early explorers, 50
Culpeper’s Rebellion, 57 Dyes, 239 Roanoke Island, 52
Cultural regions, 15 trade and, 49
descendants, 15 E Exports, 242, 244
Culture, 13. See also American
Indians; Festivals; Ethnic group Early people, 24, 30, 42, 44 F
backcountry culture, 63 Eastern Continental Divide, 9
changing, 137 Eastern Hemisphere, I5 Factors of production, 226, 226
Coastal Plain region, 43, 152–153, Fair Bluff, North Carolina, 206
Fair trial, 164
206–207 Fall Line, I6, 14
customs, 140–141

Index ■ R11

Farming High Rock Lake

Farming, 70. See also Crops Five themes of geography, I2–I3, 2 American Indian government, 45
American Indians, 45, 47 Flags, 94 branches of North Carolina state
Coastal Plain region, 153 Flamenco Vivo dance company, 208
early farming, 24 Floodplain, 8 government, 170, 170
location and, 20 Florida, 56 constitutions and, 170
machines, 222 Flotilla, 207 executive branch, 170, 172
mechanized farming, 261, 261 Folk Art Center, 139, 210 federal government, 166, 169
migrant workers, 133 Folk music, 140 government leaders, 177–180
mixed farming, 222 Folk wisdom, 4 judicial branch, 170, 173
Mountain region, 157 Folkmoot USA, 189, 201 legislative branch, 170, 171
Piedmont region, 155 Fontana Dam, 23, 26, 108 levels of, 169
plantations, 25, 59 Fontana Lake, 9, 26 local government, 169, 174–175
settlers, 30 Food, 43, 109, 140, 141, 155, 190, 193, municipal services, 235
technology and, 261, 261, 262 national services, 234
top agricultural products, 20 208, 220, 235 state government, 169
Food processing, 223 state services, 235
Farmville, North Carolina, 194 Ford, Henry, 102 workers, 223
Fayetteville, North Carolina, 106, Forest Festival, 195 Governor, 52, 89, 172
Forestry, 153, 157, 195 budgets and, 172
130, 152, 234 Forests, 11, 32 veto power, 172, 173
Federal government, 166 Fort Bragg, 152, 234 GPS, 263
Federal Reserve Bank, 218 Fort Macon, 143 Graham, Billy, 161, 161
Federal Trade Commission, 180 Fort Raleigh, 52, 53 Graham, Ruth, 161
Feldspar, 10, 157, 220 Fort Sumter, South Carolina, 94 Grandfather Mountain, 27
Festival, 194 Fourteenth Amendment, 97 Grandfather Mountain Highland
Festivals and celebrations Fourth of July celebration, 191, 192 Games, 211
France, 243 Granite, 11, 220
American Dance Festival, 201 Gravel, 11
American Indian festivals, 119, French explorers, 50 Graveyard of Atlantic, 31
World War I, 106 Great Depression, 107, 107, 108
121, 123 Fraser fir trees, 20 Great Dismal Swamp, 31
Appalachian Storytelling Festival, Free enterprise, 225 Great Lakes, 74
Freedmen’s Bureau, 97 Great Smoky Mountains, 7, 27, 51
141 Freedom of press, 164 Great Wagon Road, 32, 62, m62, 63
Azalea Festival, 194 Freedom of religion, 164 Green Corn Ceremony, 47
Barbecue Festival, 141 Freedom of speech, 164, 165 Greensboro, North Carolina, 18, 103,
Biltmore Estate’s Festival of French and Indian War, 74 111, 115, 142, 200, 260
Frontier, 33 Greensboro sit-in, 111, 115
Flowers, 194 Frye, Henry, 176 Grid system, I10
cultural events, 188 Furniture industry, 155, 157, 223, 225 Gristmill, 40
Dogwood Festival, 194 Guaranteed rights, 137
Edenton Peanut Festival, 206 G Guilford Native American
Fiesta del Pueblo, 190, 208 Association, 125
First Night, 194 Gap, 68 Guitars, 200
Folkmoot USA, 189, 201 Garbage collection, 235 Gulf, I6
Forest Festival, 195 Gaston, North Carolina, 100 Guthrie, Frank E., 183
Fourth of July celebration, 191, 192 Gathering of Scottish Clans, 211
Gathering of Scottish Clans, 211 Gavel, 173 H
Grandfather Mountain Highland General Assembly, 150, 171, 176, 180
Halifax Resolves, 77, 192
Games, 211 process of bills becoming law, Haliwa-Saponi, 125
local celebrations, 194–195 171–172, 172 Hang gliding, 152
Mecklenburg Declaration Day, 192, Hanging Rock State Park, 1
Generalize, 149, 149–150, 185 Hatteras Indians, 42
192, 209 Generation, 70 Haw River, 9
military parade, 106 Geography Review, I2–I10 Haze, 228
Mule Days, 195 Geography terms, I6–I7 Health care, 263
New Year’s celebrations, 194 Georgia, 39, 46, 90, 96 Helms, Jesse, 180
North Carolina State Fair, 187 Germany, 63, 109 Helms, Susan, 264
Outer Banks Coastal Land Trust Glacier, I6 Hemispheres, I5
Glassmaking, 197, 199 Heritage, 136
Festival, 194 Global Positioning System (GPS), Heritage Award, 136
Roanoke Festival Island Park, 143 Hewes, Joseph, 77
Scuppernong River Festival, 195 263 High Point, North Carolina, 18
seafood festivals, 206 Glossary, R2–R8 High Rock Lake, 9
state celebrations, 192–193 Gold, 51, 90
Strawberry Festival, 206 Goods, 63, 65, 71
Fiddle, 200 Government, 45. See also North
Fiesta del Pueblo, 190, 208
Fifteenth Amendment, 97 Carolina
Finance, 227
Firefighting, 175, 235
First Night, 194
Fishing, 19, 43, 71, 153, 153

R12 ■ Reference

High-tech Maps

High-tech, 223 Jackson County Courthouse, 147 Locator map, I9
Highways. See Roads and highways Jacobs, Harriet, 91, 91, 92 Locomotives, 100
Hindus, 160 Jacobs Free School, 92 Log cabin, 67
Hispanic Americans, 115, 133, m133, James, King of England, 56, 56 Longhouses, 43
Jamestown, Virginia, 56 Longitude, lines of, I10, m7
190, 208 Japan, 109, 132, 242, 243 Lords Proprietors, 56, 56
Historical map, I8 Jews, 160 Lost Colony, 53
Hockey, 209 Johnson, Andrew, 179 Loyalist, 76
Hogs, 20, 20, 222 Johnston, Joseph E., 96 Lumbee, 121, 122, 125, 126, 181
Holiday, 192, 207 Judicial branch, 173
Honduras, 243 patchwork, 126
Hooper, William, 77 appellate courts, 173 powwows, 207
Horses, 195 North Carolina Supreme Court, Lumber, 226
House of Representatives, 77, 171, 180 Lumber River, 122
Housing, 235 173, 176 Lutherans, 63, 160
trial courts, 173
longhouses, 43 United States Supreme Court, 114 M
new housing, 219 Junior historians, 142
wigwams, 45 Jury, 165, 173 Machines, 222, 266
Hub, 154 Mail, 103
Human-environment interactions, K Main idea, 3
I3, 2 Main idea and details, 3–4, 35
Human features, I2 Kentucky, 68 Mammoths, 24
Human resources, 227 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 114 Manufacturing, 102, 155, 157
Hunting, 43, 45, 47, 48, 71 Korea, 132 Manteo, North Carolina, 143
Hurricanes, 152 Map key, I8
Hydroelectric dam, 26 L Map scale, I9
Hydroelectricity, 26, 229 Map title, I8
Labor union, 113 Maps
I Lake Mattamuskeet, 8
Lakes, 8, 9, 26, 74 American Indian Groups in North
Immigrant, 130–133 Land routes of early people, 30 Carolina, m124
Asian immigrants, 132 Landfills, 228
routes of early immigrants, m130 Landforms, 6–7 American Indians of the Coastal
Lane, Ralph, 52 Plain, m43
Impeach, 179 Languages
Imports, 242 American Indians of the
Inauguration, 182 American Indian, 42, 44, 46, 127 Mountains, m46
Income, 231 Laptop computer, 259
Income taxes, 233 Latitude, lines of, I10, m7 American Indians of the Piedmont,
Indentured servants, 59 Lawson, John, 40 m44
Independence, 73, 76, 77 Leadership
India, 132, 243 American Revolution in North
Indian Removal Act, 90 functions of North Carolina Carolina, The, m78
Indies, 50 leaders, 148
Industry, 19, 222 Lee, Robert E., 86, 96 Blue Ridge Parkway, m27
Inlet, I6 Legend of map, I8 cardinal directions, I9
Inner Coastal Plain, 6 Legislative branch, 171 Civil War in North Carolina, The,
Inset map, I8 House of Representatives, 171
Interdependence, 239, 241 Senate, 171 m96
Interest, 232 Lexington, Massachusetts, 76 Coastal North Carolina, 1750, m57
Intermediate directions, I9 Library, 40, 235 compass rose, I9
International businesses, m245, 245 Limited, 220 distance scale, I9
International trade, 242–243, 245, 245 Lincoln, Abraham, 94, 97, 179 Early Explorers in North Carolina,
Internet, 257, 266–267 Lincolnton, North Carolina, 260
Intracoastal Waterway, 21 Linn Cove Viaduct, 27, 27 m51
Invest, 232 Linville, North Carolina, 211 Great Wagon Road, m62
Ireland, 63, 130, 200 Lithium, 10, 157 grid system, I10
Ironclads, 95 Litter, 158 Hispanic Population of North
Iroquoian, 42, 46 Local celebrations, 194–195
Isthmus, I6 Location, I2 Carolina, m133
Italy, 109, 243 absolute location, 5 historical map, I8
cities, 18 Immigration in Early North
J farming, I2, 2, 20
industry, 19 Carolina, m131
Jackson, Andrew, 178, 178 recreation, 21 inset maps, I8
relative location, 5 intermediate directions, I9
International Businesses in North

Carolina, m245
Land Routes of Early People, m30
Land Use, Products, and

Resources, m10
North Carolina Latitude and

Longitude, m7
legend, I8

Index ■ R13

Markets North Carolina

lines of latitude, I10, m7 mica, 10, 157, 220 Mint Museum of Art, 203
lines of longitude, I10, m7 olivine, 10, 157 North Carolina Museum of Art,
locator, I9 zinc, 220
map scale, I9 Mint Museum of Art, 203 202
map title, I8 Mixed farming, 222 North Carolina Museum of
North Carolina Cotton Mills, 1899, Modify, 25
Monck, George, Duke of Albemarle, History, 142
m113 56 Music, 71, 182, 190. See also Arts and
North Carolina Counties, m174 Money, 64, 217, 227
North Carolina Elevations, m32 income, 231 crafts
North Carolina Landform Regions, interest, 232 beach music, 201
investing, 232 bluegrass music, 137, 200
m14 saving, 232 folk music, 140
North Carolina Manufacturing, spending, 232 orchestras, 203
Monk, Thelonious, 182 Scottish music, 211
m223 Moore, William Luther, 181 at University of North Carolina at
North Carolina Rivers and Lakes, Moores Creek Bridge, 76, 209
Moravian settlements, 64–65, 131, 143 Charlotte, 208
m9 Moravians, 161
North Carolina’s Frontier, m69 Morehead City, North Carolina, 152, N
North Carolina’s Protected Lands, 206, 243
Morgan, Lucy, 199 Nantahala Forest, 11
m206 Morse, Samuel F. B., 101 National Aeronautics and Space
North Carolina’s Top Trading Mound Builders, 44
Mounds, 39 Administration (NASA), 264
Partners, m243 Mount Mitchell, 7, 14 National Park Service, 234
physical map, I8 Mountain Heritage Center, 142 National services, 234
Piedmont Urban Crest, m18 Mountain pass, I7 Native Americans.
political map, I8 Mountain range, I7
Population of the Coastal Plain, Mountain region, 6, 14, 14 See American Indians
American Indians, 46–47, 46, 47 Natural resource, 10
m152 Appalachian Range, 7
Population of the Mountains, m156 Blue Ridge Mountains, 7, 9 animals, 11
Population of the Piedmont, m154 climate, 156 environmental change, 228
reading maps, I8 farms, 20 factors of production, 226–227
Routes of Early Immigrants, m130 festivals and celebrations, 210 international business, 245
Thirteen Colonies, The, m74 Fontana Dam, 23 land, 10
Trail of Tears, The, m90 Great Smoky Mountains, 7 limited resources, 220
Transportation in North Carolina, Indian removal, 85 minerals, 10
pioneers, 67–71 nonrenewable resources, 220
1860, m100 population of, m156 plants, 11
Underground Railroad Routes, skiing, 205 protection, 155
tourism, 19, 156, 157, 205 raw materials, 52, 226, 227, 244
m91 trade, 69 renewable resources, 220, 229
United States, 1861, The, m94 Wilderness Road, 68, 68 types of, 226–227
Wilderness Road, The, m68 working in, 157 wants and, 220
Markets, 244 Mouth of river, I7 water, 26
Marsh, I6 Movement, I3, 2, 29. See also Settlers Needleleaf trees, 11
Maryland, 32, 62, 218 in Coastal Plain, 31 Neuse River, 42
Massachusetts, 75, 76 culture and, 135 New Bern, North Carolina, 88, 95,
Mattye Reed African Heritage environment, 30 102, 131
Center, 142 land routes of early people, 30 New Deal, 108
Mayor-council form of government, migration, 30 New Year’s celebrations, 194
175 in Mountain region, 33 New York, 208
Mechanized, 261, 261 in Piedmont region, 32 Newspapers, 229
Mecklenburg Declaration Day, 192, transportation and, 254 Nigeria, 132
192, 209 Mule Days, 195 Nineteenth Amendment, 112
Mecklenburg Declaration of Municipal, 174 Nobel Prize, 183
Independence, 192 Murals, 108 Nonrenewable resources, 220
Mecklenburg Resolves, 76, 192 Murphey, Archibald, 89 North Carolina. See also Constitution
Meetinghouses, 45 Museum of the Cherokee Indian, of North Carolina
Meherrin, 124 127, 127 borders, 3
Mesa, I7 Museums, 21, 111 Civil War and, 93–96, m96
Methodists, 160 African Americans, 142 cotton mills in 1899, 113
Metrolina, 154 Cape Fear Museum of History and counties, m174
Mexico, 133, 242, 243 cultural regions, 15
Mica, 10, 157 Science, 142 elevations, 32, 32, m32
Michigan, 102 Cherokee Indian, 127, 127 federal government leaders from,
Micronesia, 132
Migrant worker, 133 180
Migration, 30 first town, 40
Mills, 25, 26 foreign population, 132
Minerals, 229 General Assembly, 77, 150, 171–172,
feldspar, 10, 157, 220, 220
granite, 11, 220 172, 176, 180
lithium, 10, 157

R14 ■ Reference

North Carolina Arts Council Reading Social Studies

governors, 77, 89, 94, 172 Paper, 11, 153, 157, 226 Place, I2, 2
Halifax Resolves, 77, 192 Pastime, 144 cities, 18
history, 84 Patriot, 76
international businesses, m245, 245 Patriotism, 192 Plain, I7
land use, 11 Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, Plank roads, 88, 89
landforms, 6–7 Plantations, 25, 59
locations, m7 207 Plateau, I7, 7
Mecklenburg Resolves, 76, 192 Peanuts, 10, 206, 242 Pledge of Allegiance, 135, 163
natural resources, 10, 11 Pearl Harbor, 109 Plymouth, North Carolina, 195
physical regions, 14 Pee Dee Indians, 144 Police, 175, 235
Presidents from, 177–178, 177 Pee Dee River, 39 Political map, I8
products, m223 Peninsula, I7 Political party, 166
professional sports teams, 209, 209 Penn, John, 77 Polk, James K., 179, 179
protected lands, m206 Pennsylvania, 32, 62, 64, 77 Pollution, 228, 228, 229
regions, 6–7 Pennsylvania State House, 79 Population
“Rip Van Winkle” state, 87 People
secedes, 94 foreign-born population, 132
settlement time line, 59 early people, 24 Population of Coastal Plain, m152
state capital, 88 European settlers, 25 Population of Mountain region,
state capitol, 83, 87, 169 geography and, 2
Tar Heel State, 86 movement, 29 m156
top industries, 222 Persons with disabilities, 115 Population of Piedmont region,
trading partners, m243 Petition, 126
voting districts, 171 Phelps Lake, 9 m154
water bodies, 8–9 Physical environment. 23, See also transportation and population
weather, 4 Natural resource
North Carolina Arts Council, 136 adapting to, 24 growth, 33
North Carolina Big Sweep, 158 early people, 24 Potters, 198
North Carolina Museum of Art, 202 European settlers, 25 Pottery, 198, 198, 220
North Carolina Museum of History, hydroelectricity, 26 Power
142 modify, 25, 27
North Carolina Patriots, 76 movement, 30 solar power, 220
North Carolina State Fair, 187 physical regions, 14 water-powered mills, 260
North Carolina State University, 252 pollution, 228 wind power, 220, 229
North Carolina Supreme Court, 173, protection, 207 Powwows, 126, 207
176, 180 wildlife refuge, 207 Precipitation, 4
North Carolina Symphony Physical features, I2 Presbyterians, 63, 160
Orchestra, 203 Physical map, I8 Presidents, 177–179, 177, 179
Northern Hemisphere, I5 Piedmont region, 6, 14, 14 impeachment, 179
Northwest Passage, 50 American Indians, 44–45, 124 Prime meridian, I5
backcountry, 61, 62–63 Property tax, 233
O education, 154 Proprietary colony, 56
European settlers, 25 Proprietor, 56
Occaneechi, 44, 124 festivals and celebrations, 208 Protected lands, m206
Oconaluftee, 143 furniture industry, 225 Protest, 75
Ocracoke Inlet, 58 Metrolina, 154 Public office, 164
Ohio Valley, 74 Moravian settlements, 64–65 Public school, 89
Oklahoma, 90 mounds, 39
Olivine, 10, 157 movement in, 32 Q
Opportunity cost, 221 natural resources, 10
Oranges, 244 plateau, 7 Quakers, 63, 91, 161
Orchestras, 203 population, 154, m154 Quilting, 139, 199
Outdoor drama, 203, 203 potters, 198
Outer Banks, 6, 12, 21, 31, 52, 58, 152, recreation, 21 R
religious groups, 161
207 rivers, 8 Radios, 256
Outer Banks Coastal Land Trust settlers, 61–65 Railroads, 100, 100, 227, 254
state capital, 88 Raleigh, North Carolina, 18, 100, 101,
Festival, 194 trade, 43
Outer Coastal Plain, 6 Triad, 154 103, 142, 179, 190, 193, 194, 208, 209,
Triangle, 154 241
P working in, 155 Ratify, 79
Piedmont Urban Crescent, 18, m18 Rationed, 109
Paint, 10 Pine trees, 25 Raw material, 52, 226, 227, 244
Pamlico, 42, 57 Pioneer, 62, 67 Reading Social Studies
Pamlico River, 40 lifestyle, 70–71, 70, 71 Categorize and Classify, 217-218,
pioneer homes, 70, 70
Pirates, 58, 58, 141 247
Pisgah Forest, 11 Cause and Effect, 85–86, 117
Compare and Contrast, 121–122,

145
Draw Conclusions, 251–252, 269
Generalize, 149–150, 185

Index ■ R15

Rebelled Sudan

Main Idea and Details, 3–4, 35 Pamlico River, 40 English colonies, 52–53
Sequence, 39–40, 81 Pee Dee River, 39 map of settlements, 1800, m131
Summarize, 189–190, 213 source, 8 Moravian settlements, 64–65
Rebelled, 57 South River, 9 Mountain region, 67–71
Recognized, 124, 126, 127 Tar River, 42 North Carolina time line, 59
Reconstruction, 97, 114 tributary, 9 Old Salem, 37
Recreation, 21 Rmah, Dock, 200 Piedmont region, 61–65
Recycle, 229 Roads and highways Shag, 201, 201
Red Cross, 180 development of, 102 Shallotte, North Carolina, 206
Reenactments, 143, 192 Great Wagon Road, 32, 62, m62, 63 Sharecropper, 97
Region, I3, 2, 13. See also Coastal plank roads, 88, 89 Shenandoah National Park, 27
Plain region; Mountain region; toll roads, 89 Sheriffs, 174
Piedmont region Underground Railroad, 91, 91 Shipbuilding, 25, 109, 153
cultural regions, 15 Wilderness Road, 68, 68 Ships and boats, 227
physical regions, 14 Roanoke Festival Island Park, 143 CSS Neuse, 95
regional diversity, 151 Roanoke Island, North Carolina, exploring and, 50, 50
Relative location, 5 52–53, 53, 59, 95, 122 ironclads, 95
Religion Royal colony, 59 Elizabeth II, 49, 143
American Indian religion, 47 Rural, 20 steam engines, 254
Baptists, 63, 160 Russia, 106 Shipwrecks, 31
Buddhists, 160 Shopping mall, 231
Catholics, 160 S Single Brothers’ House, 65, 65
conflict, 40 Single Sisters’ House, 65
culture, 159–161 Salem, North Carolina, 37, 64–65, 64 Siouan, 42, 44, 122
freedom of religion, 164 Sales tax, 233, 233 Skiing, 205
Hindus, 160 San Salvador, 50 Slavery, 59, 65, 91
Jews, 160 Sand, 11 abolitionists, 91
Lutherans, 63, 160 Sandhills, 6, 11 books about, 92
Methodists, 160 Santana, Carlota, 208 Civil War and, 93
Moravians, 161 Saponi Nation, 124–125 Emancipation Proclamation, 97
Presbyterians, 63, 160 Satellite, 256, 256, 263, 263 Underground Railroad, 91, 91
Quakers, 63, 91, 161 Satellite dish, 253 Smog, 228
settlers, 63 Savanna, I7 Snowboarding, 156
toleration, 160 Savings accounts, 232 Social change, 57, 111
Religious toleration, 160 Sawmills, 25 civil rights, 114–115
Renewable resources, 220, 229 Schenck, Michael, 260 suffrage for women, 112
Repeal, 75 School, 65, 65, 114, 235, 235, 267 Solar power, 220
Representation, 74 Scientists, 183 Source, 8
Research, 183, 251 Scotch-Irish, 130, 141, 142 Source of river, I7
Research Triangle Park, 183, 249, 251, Scotland, 63, 130, 200 South Carolina, 46, 122, 218
252, 263 Scottish clans, 211 Southern Hemisphere, I5
Reservoirs, 9 Scottish hammer, 211 Soybeans, 10, 242
Responsibilities, 165 Scruggs, Earl, 182 Spain
Retirement communities, 156 Scuppernong River Festival, 195 Spanish explorers, 50
Revolution, 76 Sea level, I7 war and, 53
Rhododendron, 194 Sea Turtle Rescue and Rehabilitation Specialize, 237
Rice, 55, 59 division of labor, 238
Richmond, Virginia, 218 Center, 167 interdependence, 239
Rights Seafood Festival, 206, 207 Speech, 164, 165
Bill of Rights, 79, 149 Seafood industry. See Fishing Spinning wheel, 70
of citizens, 149, 164 Seagrove, North Carolina, 198 Sports, 144, 156, 205, 209, 209
civil rights, 114–115 Secede, 94 State capitol, 83, 87, 169
guaranteed rights, 137 Secotan, 42 State celebrations, 192–193
states’ rights, 94 Secretary of Labor, 180 State fair, 187
voting rights, 150, 164, 165 Secretary of Transportation, 180 States’ rights, 94
River system, 9 Segregation, 114, 115 Steam engines, 254
Rivers Senate, 77, 171, 180 Steam locomotive, 99
Cape Fear River, 8, 9, 51 Sequence, 39–40, 81 Stephens, Stanley, 183
floodplain, 8 Sequoyah, 128 Stock, 107, 232
Haw River, 9 Service industries, 223 Stock car racing, 144, 154
Lumber River, 122 Service workers, 153, 155, 157 Storytelling, 136, 141, 141
mouth of river, I7 Settlers. See also Movement Strait, I7
Neuse River, 42 Strawberry Festival, 206
North Carolina, 8 Coastal Plain, 55–59 Sudan, 132
diverse peoples, 38

R16 ■ Reference

Suffrage Watson, Arthel “Doc”

Suffrage, 112 Toll roads, 89 United States Supreme Court, 114
Summarize, 189, 189–190, 213 Tools, 63, 71 University of North Carolina at
Summarizing activities, 12, 16, 22, 28, Topsail Island, North Carolina, 167,
Chapel Hill, 114, 176, 252
34, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 80, 92, 98, 104, 167 University of North Carolina at
110, 116, 128, 134, 138, 144, 158, 162, Tourism, 19, 156, 157, 223
168, 184, 196, 204, 212, 213, 224, 230, Town Creek Indian Mound, 44 Charlotte, 208
236, 240, 246, 258, 268 Trade, 43. See also Economy University of North Carolina at
Swamp, I7
Sweet potatoes, 10, 20, 242 Cherokee and European trappers, Pembroke, 181, 181
Switzerland, 63 69 Unto These Hills, 203, 203
Synthetic fibers, 239 Urban, 18
colonies and, 57
T economic change, 59 V
exploration and, 49
Taiwan, 132 exports, 242, 244 Verrazano, Giovanni da, 50–51, 50, 51
Tar Heel Junior Historian imports, 242 Veto, 172–173
international trade, 242–243, 245, Viaduct, 27
Association, 142 Vietnam, 132
Tar Heel State, 86, 95 245 Virginia, 32, 56, 62, 218
Tar River, 42 trading partners, 243 Virginia Company, 56
Tax, 57 trading partners of North Vocabulary, 35, 81, 117, 145, 185, 213,
Taxes, 57, 74, 89, 174
Carolina, m243 247, 269
colonies, 57 Trade-off, 221, 221 Volcano, I7
income taxes, 233 Tradition, 140–141 Volunteer, 167, 167
property taxes, 233 Trail of Tears, 90, m90, 203 Vote
tax spending, 234–235, 234, 235 Trains, 100, 100, 227
Teach, Edward, 58 Transportation, 239 African Americans and the, 97, 115
Technology, 99–103. See also festivals and, 190
Transportation airplanes, 103, 103, 227, 241, 254 power of, 169
changes in, 250, 253, 262 automobiles, 102, 102, 228, 255, 263 register to vote, 165, 166
communication and, 101, 101, 103, changes, 254 responsibility, 165
hubs, 154 voting districts, 171
256 improvements, 89 voting rights, 150, 164, 165
computers, 257, 259, 266, 266 interdependence, 239 women, 112
data, 267 map, m100
dependence on, 266–267 movement and, 254 W
effects of, 259, 265, 266 plank roads, 88, 89
farming and, 261, 261–262 population, 33 Waccamaw-Siouan, 42, 125, 207
history, 260–261 railroads, 100, 100, 227, 254 Wachovia, 64
ideas, 256–257 ships and boats, 49, 50, 50, 95, 95, Wake Forest University, 182
Research Triangle Park, 183, 249, Wallpaper, 10
143, 227 Wants, 220
251 speed, 254 War
satellites, 253, 256, 256, 263, 263 technology, 99–103, 99
telecommuting, 266 Trappers, 69 African American soldiers, 105
Telecommute, 266 Trash, 228 American Revolution, 73–80
Telegraph, 101 Treaty, 69 Civil War, 93–95, 92, 94
Telephone, 101 Trees, 11, 19, 20, 229 French and Indian War, 74
Television, 256, 256 Christmas trees, 157 Tuscarora War, 57, 58
Tennessee, 46, 68 Triad, 18, 154 World War I, 106, 106
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Trial, 164 World War II, 109, 109
108 Triangle, 18, 154 War bonds, 106, 106
Textile industry, 113, 155, 223, 238, Triangle Native American Society, Washington, George, 78
238, 260 125 Water bodies
Textile mill workers (children), 113 Tribes, 41 dams, 9
Thirteen Colonies, m74 Tributary, I7, 9 hydroelectricity, 26
Thirteenth Amendment, 97 Trucks, 227 lakes, 8, 9, 26, 74
Tidewater, 6, 42 Turkeys, 20, 222, 242 as natural resource, 26
Time lines Tuscarora, 42, 57, 57, 58 reservoirs, 9
American Revolution in North Tuscarora War, 57, 58 rivers, I7, 8–9, 40, 42, 122
Watermelons, 10
Carolina, 76 U Water-powered mills, 260
Reconstruction, 97 Waters, Gilbert, 102
settlement of North Carolina, 59 Ukraine, 132 Watson, Arthel “Doc”, 182, 182
Tobacco, 10, 20, 55, 56, 59, 153, 155, Underground Railroad, 91, 91
157, 223, 242, 260–261 Unemployment, 107
United States Postal Service, 234

Index ■ R17