Extended Abstract : STEM and Innovation

Faculty of Science, Thaksin University
Phatthalung (August 26-29, 2022)
STEM and Innovation

12th SCiUS Forum

12th SCiUS Forum
August 26 – 29, 2022
at Thaksin University

organized by
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation

and Thaksin University

12th SCiUS Forum

คำนำ

คณะกรรมการบริหารโครงการห้องเรียนวิทยาศาสตร์ในโรงเรียน โดยการกากับดูแลของมหาวิทยาลัย
(โครงการ วมว.) เห็นชอบให้มีการจัดกิจกรรม 12th SCiUS Forum ในระหว่างวันที่ 26 – 29 สิงหาคม 2565
เพ่ือให้นักเรียนโครงการ วมว. ระยะท่ี 2 ชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 5 ประจาปีการศึกษา 2564 ได้นาเสนอผลงานโครงงาน
วทิ ยาศาสตรแ์ ละแลกเปล่ียนองค์ความรู้กับเพื่อนๆ นักเรยี นต่างโรงเรียนในโครงการ วมว. จานวน 19 แห่ง ได้แก่

1. โรงเรียนสาธิตมหาวิทยาลยั เชยี งใหม่ – มหาวิทยาลยั เชียงใหม่
2. โรงเรยี นมัธยมสาธติ มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร – มหาวทิ ยาลัยนเรศวร
3. โรงเรยี นราชสีมาวิทยาลัย – มหาวิทยาลยั เทคโนโลยีสรุ นารี
4. โรงเรยี นสาธิตมหาวิทยาลยั ขอนแกน่ ฝ่ายมัธยมศกึ ษา (ศกึ ษาศาสตร์) – มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น
5. โรงเรียนสาธิตมหาวิทยาลยั มหาสารคาม (ฝา่ ยมธั ยม) – มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
6. โรงเรยี นดรณุ สกิ ขาลยั – มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าธนบุรี
7. โรงเรียนสาธิตแห่งมหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ วิทยาเขตกาแพงแสน ศูนย์วิจัยและพัฒนาการศึกษา –

มหาวทิ ยาลยั เกษตรศาสตร์ วิทยาเขตกาแพงแสน
8. โรงเรียนสาธิต "พิบูลบาเพ็ญ" มหาวทิ ยาลัยบูรพา – มหาวิทยาลยั บรู พา
9. โรงเรยี น มอ.วิทยานุสรณ์ – มหาวิทยาลยั สงขลานครนิ ทร์ วิทยาเขตหาดใหญ่
10. โรงเรียนสาธติ มหาวิทยาลยั สงขลานครินทร์ – มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครนิ ทร์ วิทยาเขตปตั ตานี
11. โรงเรียนป่าพะยอมพิทยาคม – มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ
12. โรงเรียนสาธติ มหาวทิ ยาลยั พะเยา – มหาวิทยาลัยพะเยา
13. โรงเรียนลอื คาหาญวารนิ ชาราบ – มหาวิทยาลัยอุบลราชธานี
14. โรงเรยี นสิรนิ ธรราชวทิ ยาลัย – มหาวทิ ยาลัยศิลปากร
15. โรงเรียนสวนกุหลาบวทิ ยาลัย รังสิต – มหาวทิ ยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
16. โรงเรียนสาธติ มหาวิทยาลยั ขอนแก่น ฝา่ ยมธั ยมศกึ ษา (มอดนิ แดง) – มหาวิทยาลยั ขอนแกน่
17. โรงเรยี น มอ.วิทยานสุ รณ์ สุราษฎร์ธานี – มหาวทิ ยาลัยสงขลานครนิ ทร์ วทิ ยาเขตสุราษฎรธ์ านี
18. โรงเรยี นสรุ วิวัฒน์ – มหาวิทยาลยั เทคโนโลยสี ุรนารี
19. โรงเรียนสาธติ อสิ ลามศกึ ษาฯ – มหาวทิ ยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ วทิ ยาเขตปตั ตานี

กิจกรรม 12th SCiUS Forum ดาเนินการภายใต้มาตรการป้องกันการระบาดของโรคติดเช้ือไวรัส
โคโรนา 2019 (COVID-19) และแนวปฏิบัติในการเข้าร่วมกิจกรรม 12th SCiUS Forum ซึ่งในการนาเสนอ
ผลงานประกอบด้วยการนาเสนอโครงงานประเภท Oral presentation และ Poster presentation จาแนก
สาขาวิชาโครงงานวิทยาศาสตร์ออกเป็น 7 สาขา ได้แก่ สาขาวิชาเคมี สาขาวิชาชีววิทยาและความหลากหลาย
ทางชีวภาพ สาขาวิชาฟิสิกส์และดาราศาสตร์ สาขาวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ส่ิงแวดล้อมและนิเวศวิทยา สาขาวิชา
คณิตศาสตร์และสถิติ สาขาวิชาเทคโนโลยีและคอมพิวเตอร์ และสาขาวิชาสะเต็มและนวัตกรรม สาหรับ
เอกสารเล่มน้ีเป็นการรวบรวม Extended Abstract ของโครงงำนวิทยำศำสตร์ประเภท Oral
presentation สำขำวชิ ำสะเตม็ และนวัตกรรม

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12th SCiUS Forum

คณะผู้จัดทาหวังเป็นอย่างย่ิงว่า เอกสารฉบับนี้จะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อนักเรียน ครู คณะกรรมการตัดสิน
ผูเ้ ข้าร่วมกิจกรรม รวมถึงคณะทางานจากทุกหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้อง และขอขอบพระคุณผู้เก่ียวข้องทุกท่านที่ได้
ใหค้ วามร่วมมือสนับสนุนการจัดกจิ กรรม 12th SCiUS Forum ในครัง้ น้ี

คณะผู้จดั ทา
กรกฎาคม 2565

-ข-

12th SCiUS Forum

สารบญั

คานา หน้า
สารบญั ก
รายชอ่ื โครงงานวทิ ยาศาสตร์ ประเภท Oral presentation สาขาสะเตม็ และนวตั กรรม ค

กล่มุ ท่ี 1 วันที่ 27 สิงหาคม 2565 1
กลุ่มท่ี 1 วันท่ี 28 สิงหาคม 2565 58
กล่มุ ที่ 2 วนั ที่ 27 สิงหาคม 2565 83
กล่มุ ท่ี 2 วันท่ี 28 สิงหาคม 2565 131

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12th SCiUS Forum

List of Science Projects 12thSCiUS Forum
Oral presentation

STEM and Innovation Group 1
Saturday August 27, 2022

No. Code Title Author School

1 OS1_03_03 Product development of Mr. Peeranut Surawatpunya Naresuan University
vacuum fried plant-based Mr. Nut Nilnon Secondary
Demonstration School
nuggets
2 OS1_09_06 Smart Low-cost Grow Light Miss Phattraporn Saenghirun Engineering Science
Classrooms
for Cactus Culture Miss Lanlalit Jiamtaweeboon (Darunsikkhalai School)
Miss Thanaporn Daowadueng
Islamic Science
3 OS1_19_02 Sound absorbent material Mr. Muhammad-Ilham Duerasor Demonstration School

based on natural rubber foam Miss Sofia Keeya

4 OS1_03_04 Interpretation of β0– Miss Kamonchanok Rungsuwan Naresuan University
thalassemia gene by Mr. Kongpukun Chantawarang Secondary
Demonstration School
hydroxynaphthol blue
Piboonbumpen
indicator dye with Demonstration School,
Burapha University
smartphone Mr. Sukhabutr Kaewyok
5 OS1_13_02 The study of sound testing Naresuan University
Secondary
properties with acoustic Mr. Krittapak Jairak Demonstration School
Paphayomphittayakom
panels fabricated from latex School

foam by adding natural fibers Engineering Science
Classrooms
6 OS1_03_05 Package design and shelf life Miss Titichaya Jindapong (Darunsikkhalai School)
of "bEta-THAL"testing kit Miss Chanlakan Suphalap
Paphayomphittayakom
7 OS1_14_03 The Thermoelectric Vaccine Mr. Chaloemwong Sukming School
Refrigerator using Solar and Miss Nattawadee Nakleg
Energy Storage System

8 OS1_09_03 The study of tomato disease Miss Apinda Boonjarat

detection robot by using Mr. Kittipon Wonglekha

image processing and deep Mr. Thaksin Klangsathorn
learning

9 OS1_14_02 Low-pressure drying cabinet Miss Papawarin Namvong

with solar radiation : in case Mr. Napon Thongwisat

of Anchovy

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12th SCiUS Forum

No. Code Title Author School

10 OS1_13_03 The study of mechanical Mr. Saksorn Singhasenee Piboonbumpen
Demonstration School,
properties using impact force Burapha University

testing latex foam and non-

Newtonian fluid

11 OS1_04_01 Study of hydrophobic Mr. Theeraphat Jamfoong Demonstration School

materials in oil skimmer Mr. Phatsakorn Likitwongkhajohn of Khon Kaen
machine University

12 OS1_08_01 Development of soil quality Miss Peeyaporn Dangduar Lukhamhanwarinchamr
ab School
monitoring system in Miss Paveen-On Dangduar

agriculture using smart sensors Mr. Kongkidakorn Onsuwanna

13 OS1_06_03 The Development of Blood Miss Supisara Buahom Rajsima Witthayalai

Pressure Monitoring from Miss Nawapas Jornpagdee School

Phonocardiogram Portable

Device

14 OS1_09_05 Development of Enriched Miss Teeranart Roobab Engineering Science

Protein Cookies with Cricket Miss Thannicha Tunkijjaroen Classrooms

Powder Addition Miss Suchavadee Trairongchitmoh (Darunsikkhalai School)

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12th SCiUS Forum

Title : OS1_03_03Product development of vacuum fried plant-based nuggets
Fied :
Author : Stem and Technology
Mr. Nut Nilnon
Organization : Mr. Peeranut Surawatpunya
Advisor : Naresuan University Secondary Demonstration School
Asst. Prof. Dr. Riantong Singanusong

Abstract

Nowadays people are starting to concern about their way of eating food. Therefore, healthier foods
are needed. Vacuum frying is a process that frying food under vacuum condition in a close system, so boiling

point of oil become lower so foods can be cooked at lower temperature and less time ,also has a centrifuge
system which helps to reduce oiling texture of product. So researcher choose vacuum fried to develop plant-

based nugget that widely popular around the world and select plant to be main ingredients to be meat substitute
infuture . type of vegetable for making plant- based nuggets. 60 types of vegetable were selected by
investigators. From the research show the condition of 120°C 20 min was the most suitable condition for
develop plant-based nugget

Keywords : vacuum fried plant-based nuggets

Introduction
Nuggets, food made from deep-fried breaded meat, are widely known all over the world. Nuggets are

now a very popular food, as a snack that could be found in almost every restaurant. It is normally made from
chicken, fish, pork, beef or prawn. However, plant- based chicken style nuggets or veggie nuggets are also
available. These nuggets are made from soy protein or mixed vegetables such as carrot, broccoli, etc. There
are a few plant-based nuggets available in the market, particularly in Thailand.

As nuggets are deep-fried products, it provides fat from frying oil. Many studies have been reported
that fried products with a traditional (atmospheric pressure) frying method contained more oil than those fried
with a vacuum fryer. Vacuum frying process starts with putting food into a vacuum fryer that pressurizes and
cooks it with the use of hot oil, but at much lower temperatures than traditional frying methods. At these
temperatures, the oil does not decompose so readily, therefore, carcinogens are less present. During a low-
heat/ high- pressure fry, simple fruits and vegetables become superbly crisp and intense distillations of
themselves. The fried products are then centrifuged to remove surface oil on the products. Some studies
indicate that vacuum frying retains more nutrients than traditional frying. Most of the products retained their
original colors when fried under vacuum. These features support the applicability of vacuum frying technology
to provide high-quality fruit and vegetable snacks (Da Silva and Moreira, 2008).

Nowadays people are starting to concern about their way of eating food, thus healthier foods are
needed. Some people start to change their eating way to more vegetables, and less meat and carbohydrates or
even change to be vegetarians. Therefore, plant-based proteins are one of their choices.
Due to above information, this project aims to produce a healthier food, plant- based nuggets from the idea of
“ food which is healthy but not boring” . For development of plant- based nuggets, we focus on production of
nuggets with the concept of “plant-based protein”, foods that are based on high protein plants. This could be
possibly achieved by making nuggets from vegetables or plants that are suitable for making nuggets and are
rich sources of protein, deep-frying in a vacuum fryer due to maintaining their nutrients, and centrifugation to
remove excess oil from frying process. In the end, this project will not only help farmers by adding value to
their agricultural crops but also providing an alternative protein sources of foods for vegetarians and health-
conscious consumers.

Methodology
The methodology of this project can be divided into 5 parts as following.

Part 1 Study of suitable type of vegetable for making plant-based nuggets
Thirty types of vegetables that are possible for making plant- based nugget will be collected. A

questionnaire for surveying at least 50 consumers to select the top 5 out of 30 vegetables that are suitable for
making plant- based nugget will be created and used. One out of 5 selected vegetables that is high in protein
content for developing plant-based nugget will be selected.

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12th SCiUS Forum

Part 2 Investigation of the appropriate recipe of plant-based nuggets
2.1 Raw material preparation
Peeled, split and dried mung bean kernels will be soaked in water overnight. It will drained,
then steamed for 40 minutes, and ground to fine particles using a food processor. Fresh potatoes will
be peeled and cut into pieces and then steamed for thirty min. It will be drained and ground to fine
particles using a mortar.
2.2 Nugget recipe and preparation
Ground mung bean, ground potato, garlic powder, salt, pepper, soy sauce and wheat flour
of each recipe as shown in Table 1 will be mixed well. It will be then put in a square mold with the
thickness of 1 cm and steamed for 20 minutes. It will be cooled down to room temperature and cut
into round pieces. It will be dipped in the batter ( crispy flour was mixed with water) and frozen for
at least 24 hours
2.3 Frying of nugget
frozen nuggets from 9.2.2 will be fried in a conventional fryer at 170C for 3 min.
2.4 Sensory evaluation of fried plant-based nuggets
Three recipes of fried plant-based nuggets will be evaluated by 30 untrained panelists using
9-point hedonic scale method. The recipe that received the highest overall acceptability score will be
selected for further experiment.

Table 1. Recipe for plant-based nuggets

Part 3 Determination of optimum frying condition of plant-based nugget using a vacuum fryer
The nuggets with the selected recipe from Part 9.2 will be prepared and fried at 100, 110 and 120C

for 10, 20 and 30 min using a vacuum fryer at a pressure of 85.33 kPa and 580 rpm for 1 min of centrifugation.
The 9 treatments of fried plant-based nuggets will be analyzed for the following properties.

1. Physical properties:
- Colour (Hunter lab)
- Hardness (Texture Analyzer, INSTRON)

2. Chemical properties
- Water activity (Water Activity Analyzer)
- Moisture content (AOAC, 2005)
- Oil content (AOAC, 2005)

3. Sensory evaluation : Using 9-point hedonic scale and 30 untrained panelists
The frying condition that received the highest overall acceptability score will be selected for

further microbiological analysis and oil content analysis.
1. Microbiological analysis:
- Salmonella spp. (BAM, 2001)
- Staphylococcus aureus (BAM, 2001)
- Escherichia coli (BAM, 2001)

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12th SCiUS Forum

- Yeast and Mold (BAM, 2001)
- Total Plate Count (BAM, 2001)

2. Oil content analysis

The selected plant- based nugget fried with the suitable vacuum frying condition
will be analyzed for oil content compared with commercial chicken nugget and plant-based
nugget fried with the conventional frying method at 170C for 3 min.

Part 4 Design for logo, label and package of fried plant-based nuggets
The selected fried plant- based nuggets will be packed in an aluminium foil bag with zip lock and

flushed with nitrogen. A sachet of moisture absorber was added in the package. The logo and label will be
designed by a designer and then put on the package.

Part 5 Calculation of production cost of fried plant-based nuggets
The cost of production of fried plant-based nuggets in a suitable package with label will be calculated

due to setting a selling price.

Statistical analysis

A Completely Randomized Design ( CRD) will be used for an experiment Part 9. 3 and
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) will be used for the sensory test. All experiments will
be conducted in triplicates and the results will be expressed as mean ± SD. The statistical examination
of the data will be performed, using the SPSS program. A different of mean values will be analyzed,
using an analysis of the variance (ANOVA) test. These means will be compared, using the Duncan’s
New Multiple Range Test ( DMRT) and p < 0. 05 will be applied, in order to establish significant
differences.

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge our advisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Riantong Singanusong. This project was
supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS). The funding of SCiUS is provided
by Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. This extended abstract is not for citation.

Conclusion

A development of plant-based nuggets by using vacuum fryer couldn’t reduce fat content of plant-
based nuggets as expected. Which can perceived by using extractor for fat extraction. Which shown slighly
higher fat content compared to normal fried commercial chicken nuggets.

References

1. AOAC.Official methods of analytical of AOAC International. 18th ed. Virginia: The
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington. 2005

2. BAM. Bacteriological Analytical Manual. U.S. Food and Drug Administration [Internet].

Silver spring. 2001 [cited September 24, 2021]; Avaliable from

https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bacteriological-analytical-manual-bam

3. Etemadian, Y., Ghaemi, V., Shaviklo, A.R., Pourashouri, P., Mahoonak, A.R.R. and Rafipour,

F. Development of animal/plant-based protein hydrolysate and its application in food, feed and

nutraceutical industries: State of the art. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021;278:123-219.

4. Lastriyanto, A., Soeparman, S., Soenoko, R.and Sumard, H.S.Analysis frying constant of

pineapples vacuum frying. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2103;23(11):1465–1470.

5. Mariscal, M. and Bouchon, P. Comparison between atmospheric and vacuum frying of apple
slices. Food Chemistry. 2008;107:1561–1569.

6. Nunes, Y. and Moreira, R.G. Effect of osmotic dehydration and vacuum-frying parameters to
produce high-quality mango chips. Journal of Food Science. 2009;74:355–362.

7. Perez-Tinoca, M.R., Pérez, A.M., Salgado-Cervantes, M.A., Reynes, R.M. and Fabrice

Vaillant, F. Effect of vacuum frying on main physicochemical and nutritional quality

parameters of pineapple chips. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2008;88(6):
945–953.

8. Pan, G., Ji, H., Liu, S. and He. Vacuum frying of breaded shrimps. LWT- Food Science and
Technology. 2015;62(1):734–739.

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12th SCiUS Forum

Title : Smart Low-cost Grow Light for Cactus Culture OS1_09_06
Field :
Author : STEM and Innovation

School : Ms. Thanaporn Daowadueng
Adviser :
Ms. Phattraporn Saenghirun

Ms. Lanlalit Jiamtaweeboon

Darunsikkhalai Science School, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi

Asst.Prof. Werapon Chiracharit, Ph.D. (King Mongkut’s University of Technology

Thonburi)

Supachai Puengsungwan, Ph.D. (King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi)

Nion Vinarukwong, Ph.D. (Darunsikkhalai Science School)

Jiravatt Rewrujirek (Darunsikkhalai Science School)

Abstract
This project presented a smart low-cost grow light system for cactus culture. The devised system

consisted of 4 subsystems: 1) the lighting system, 2) the light sensor system, 3) the rotation system, and 4) the
Internet of Things (IoT) system. These smart systems were designed to allow users to control the invention by
activating and disabling various components, such as the ability to control the lighting system and perceive
the color and intensity of monitored light with a smartphone. To make it easier for consumers to take care of
the cactus in terms of lighting, which would result in a different cactus appearance depending on the pattern
of light received and to create a cactus appearance that matched customer needs and increased the cactus'
value. By allowing the light sensor system to spin around the cactus, inventions could be made and operated
at a low cost and reduced the number of light sensors used. All of the systems in this invention affected the
cactus' growth factors, which were discovered through the light factor, air factor, and rotation factor
experiments. According to the experiments, the lighting and rotation factors played a role in the plant's edge
growth. Since the air factor slowed plant growth, it was not included in the invention.

Keywords : cactus, light system, light sensor system, rotation system, Internet of Things

Introduction
After a period of COVID-19, tree and decorative plant planting has regained appeal. This includes

cultivating the popular cactus, which could fetch up to 20-30 million baht on the open market. (Thairath
Online, 2020) According to The Global Succulent & Cactus Plants Market Report 2021, the cactus and
succulents’ market would increase at a rate of 16.8% per year on average over the next six years, from now to
2027. (HardcoreCEO, 2021)

According to Alexey Chalimov (2020), the notion of ordering inventions through the Internet of
Things (IoT) system was currently being used in many agricultural domains, such as growing organic
vegetables, but not in the maintenance of ornamental plants. For example, to assist cactus in achieving the
features necessary to raise the value of the cactus and expand cactus business to become one of Thailand's
primary export industries.

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12th SCiUS Forum

This study, design, and implementation focused on a lighting system that could be tuned to suit the
demands of the cactus or user via the IoT. The light sensor and rotation systems would be employed to assist
the light system in becoming more efficient and lowering production costs. It worked by rotating a light sensor
around the cactus to detect the light intensity at each location and sending the value to be processed and
forwarded to modify the light intensity of each spot according to the needs of the cactus or users through the
IoT system

Methodology

The experimental section was separated into three parts.

The first part was factor testing and function selection.

1. Chose three factors related to the desired function: blue-red light, air circulation, and rotating

decorative plants to get light from all sides.

2. The three factors were examined using three varieties of ornamental plants: Dracaena palm, Baby

sun rose, and Devil's ivy, all of which grown quickly and provided results quickly.

2.1. Determined the effect of blue-red light on growth. The experiment was separated into

two groups, with the first group received natural light and the LED light with blue wavelengths of

430-460 nm and red wavelengths of 630-660 nm. The second group was lit entirely by natural light.

Tested for 30 days.

2.2. To determine the amount of air circulation. The experiment was divided into two

groups, the first of which involved covered decorative plants in boxes to saw if they could flourish in

non-circulating air. The second set would be put to the test in ventilated settings. Tested for 30 days.

2.3. To evaluate the ornamental plant rotation factor. The ornamental plants were rotated 90

degrees every hour from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM in the first set of the experiment. The ornamental plants

were always placed in the same direction in the second series of tests. Tested for 30 days.

3. Summarized and analyzed experimental results, then choose appropriate functions for the invention.

The second part was the system's functioning.

1. The functional part of a system could be separated into two parts: hardware and software.

2. The hardware was divided into three sections: light sensor, rotation, and light.

2.1. The light sensor system employed with a single LDR

(Light Dependent Resistor) as a light intensity sensor,

which was linked to the rotating system. Used a

10,000 ohm resistor and wired the microcontroller to

pin A0.

2.2. The rotating mechanism was driven by a stepper

motor model 28BYJ-48 and ULN2003 driver board.

Connected the wires to the battery and the

microcontroller at D1, D2, D5, and D6.

2.3. To control the light intensity, the light system

Figure 1 : Light sensor and motor system employed with red-blue LEDs coupled to the
processor board.

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3. In terms of software, there were two parts: the design of the instruction code and the control of

inventions via the IoT system.
3.1. Arduino IDE was used to create the command code, which was

written in C and then run on the board.

3.2. To control IoT inventions over the Internet via an application by

uploading instructions to the Arduino Cloud IoT.

The third part was the prototype creation.

1. Designed the invention.

2. Created an experimental model using basic gadget.

3. Chose materials for each segment. The opaque section was made of

PVC plastic, while the transparent section was made of clear acrylic.

4. Created a prototype used the materials supplied.

Figure 2 : light sensor’s output 5. Evaluated the prototype

Results

Figure 3 : The graph showed the growth of the 3 tree species Figure 4 : The graph showed the growth of 3 tree species
under purple light and natural light. under covered and uncovered conditions.

During 30 November 2021 - 29 December 2021 ( 30 days ) During 24 November 2021 - 23 December 2021 ( 30 days )

The light factor, rotation factor, and air factor were all tested in this experiment. The results
demonstrated that both light and rotation factors could aid plant growth. The size, height, number of leaves,

and width of the plant that were affected by those parameters would grow better if they were observed.
The factor of air was originally intended to have a cover layer, but after the experiment, the results

showed that trees that were covered had reduce or slower development than trees that were not covered. As a
result, this component has been deleted from current design inventions.

The rotating system was controlled by motors and light sensors. Both of these systems were made to
work together. By using programming commands with the light sensor system to rotate the light sensor, the
rotating system would rotate around the cactus and to the desired angle. The light sensor system, on the other
hand, could report light intensity via the program. Made both systems worked as intended.

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Figure 5 : The graph showed the growth of the 3 tree species
under the condition that they were rotated and not rotated.
During 30 November 2021 - 29 December 2021 ( 30 days )

Conclusion
All of the experiments showed that this project excluded the air component and focused solely on the

rotation and light factors. This innovation included a light system, a rotation system, and a light sensor system,
which allowed the cactus to receive all of the critical components that influenced its growth. There is also the
issue of developed 3D inventions, designed programs to control other systems via the Internet of Things (IoT)
and designed applications to connect to IoT devices. And then made a working prototype that could be used
for the desired purpose.

Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS). The

funding of SCiUS is provided by Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. This
extended abstract is not for citation.
References

1. Steven (pseud.). Why Are Grow Lights Purple? (And Are “Blurple” LEDs Effective?) [Internet].
2020 [cited 2021 July 22]. Available from : https://growlightinfo.com/why-are-grow-lights-purple/.

2. อภิรักษ์ พนั ธุ์พณาสกลุ , ฟิ ตรี ยะปา และอลั นิสฟาร์ เจะดือราแม. การพฒั นาระบบเปิ ด-ปิ ดไฟดว้ ยไมโครเซนเซอร์ควบคู่กบั แอพพลิเคชนัH บนสมาร์ทโฟน
[อินเทอร์เน็ต]. 2563 [เขา้ ถึงเมHือ 17 กนั ยายน 2564]. เขา้ ถึงไดจ้ าก : http://www.hu.ac.th/conference
/proceedings2020/doc/G5/G5-3-102Sc-OP_อภิรักษ%์ 20%20พนั ธุ์พณาสกลุ %20(P-994-1012).pdf.

3. Chalimov, A. IoT in Agriculture: 5 Technology Use Cases for Smart Farming (And Challenges to
Consider) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 July 22]. Available from : https://easternpeak.com/blog/iot-in-
agriculture-technology-use-cases-for-smart-farming-and-challenges-to-consider/.

4. ไทยรัฐออนไลน์. แคคตัสคืออะไร เลPียงยากไหมทําไมถึงฮิต [อินเทอร์เน็ต]. 2563 [เข้าถึงเมHือ 22 กรกฎาคม 2564]. เข้าถึงได้จาก :
https://www.thairath.co.th/lifestyle/life/1880459.

5. HardcoreCEO. เทรนดป์ ลูก “แคคตสั ” ส่งออกตลาดเอเชียมาแรงช่วง Lockdown ส่งถึงในวนั ถดั ไป [อินเทอร์เน็ต]. 2564 [เขา้ ถึงเมHือ
31 มีนาคม 2565]. เขา้ ถึงไดจ้ าก : https://hardcoreceo.co/cactus-export/.

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Title : OS1_19_02Sound Absorbent Material Based on Natural Rubber Foam

Field : STEM and Innovation
Author : Mr.Muhammad-Ilham Duerasor
Ms.Sofia Keeya
School : Islamic Sciences Demonstration School Prince of Songkla University
Advisor : Asst. Prof. Dr. Nabil Hayeemasae
Asst. Prof. Dr. Areefen Rassamesard
( Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus)

Abstract
Noise pollution is one of the problem that face to the people who lives in the city. It is caused by

many factors depending on the surroundings. The easiest way to avoid exposing to the noise is to live
somewhere in the rural areas. Anyhow, it may solve only in a short-term period and can be applied for certain
people. For long-term solutions, noise can be reduced by using sound absorbing materials. There are plenty of
this material available in the market where the price varies. In this work, sound absorbent material based on
natural rubber has been prepared. Their noise reduction coefficient was also compared with commercial
product. Natural rubber was converted into cellular structure to gain sound absorbing capacity. Some
experimental designs were applied to optimize the formulation and processing. Here, natural rubber latex foam
(NRLF) was prepared at different densities by selecting proper beating speed to gain proper density. The
beating speeds were 90, 120, 150 and 170 rpm respectively where higher speed reduced foam density. It was
observed that there was not much different on the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) when reducing the density
of the foam. The NRC was more or less the same over the beating speed. However, it is interesting to highlight
that all NRLF showed higher NRC than commercial product regardless of beating speed or density. Another
interesting point to be focused here is the manufacturing cost of NRLF. As the density is reduced, the NRC
still remains the same. Lower density can save more in the aspect of production cost as the mass of NRLF is
lower while keeping certain amount of volume. The weight of the product is also reduced, making this easier
to mount the samples.

Keywords : Natural Rubber Latex Foam, noise reduction coefficient, noise pollution

Introduction
In the present age, noise pollution can occur anywhere. Especially the occurrence of the COVID-

19 epidemic that causes many people to work and doing various activities at home. Some activities may cause

noise and disturb other people. The problem can be solved by using sound absorbing material. At present,

sound-absorbing materials are made from synthetic materials such as polymers and glass fibers, which are all
quite expensive and must be imported from abroad. The researchers therefore came up with the idea to use a
cheaper material with better sound absorption performance. From natural rubber (NR) is natural material from

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milky sap of Para rubber tree. It can produce into various types of products. One of them is the NR foam. By
controlling proper condition, it can produce the foam with various densities to find compromising
characteristics of materials. This project repeated on the properties of NR foam as sound absorbent material.
The efficiency of sound absorption can be seen from the noise reduction coefficient (NRC), it is a single number
value ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 that describes the average sound absorption performance of a material.

Methodology
The experiments were divided into 2 parts as follows,

Part 1: Characterization of the latex properties
1.1 Total Solid Content
1.2 Dry Rubber Content
1.3 Alkalinity
1.4 Mechanical Stability Time

Part 2: Characterization of Sound absorption
2.1 Preparation of NRLF
At this stage, the speed used for hitting the foam rubber is adjusted according to the intended

purpose.
2.2 Physical properties of rubber sponges
It is the product that has been tested for density, Compression set, Stress at 25% compression

and cell characteristics.
2.3 Sound absorption properties test
The test specimen was cut to a diameter of 11.8 cm by using a still-wave pipe sound

absorption test kit in accordance with ASTM C384-03 test standard to determine the first maximum
and minimum sound pressure values. Then to find the sound absorption coefficient.

The test piece was tested at the sound frequency at 250 Hz. The first value of the lowest and
highest sound pressure level was repeated at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz respectively. After that, the
collected data were analyzed for the sound absorption coefficient (α) according to equations 1, 2 and
3 (Russel, 2006), respectively. The values of each sound absorption coefficient frequency (α) were
then taken. Calculate the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) according to equation 4.

Figure 1 : An example of a graph obtained from a standing wave tube at 2000 Hz

Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) = | | (1)

| | (2)
(3)
and Reflection Coefficient (R) = −1 (4)
+1

and Sound Absorption Coefficient (α) = 1 − 2

and NRC = ( 250 + 500 + 1000+ 2000)

4

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Results, Discussion and Conclusion

Characterization of the latex properties

Table 1 shows the properties of latex performed in accordance with ASTM D 1076. The

results showed that the values found were in line with the standard properties of latex properties.

Therefore, high ammonia NRLs could be used for further experiments.

Table 1 Properties of High Ammonia NRL

latex properties Standard Output

Total Solid Content 60% 60.55%

Dry Rubber Content 58-59% 59.82%

Alkalinity (as NH3) 0.6% 0.64%
Mechanical Stability Time (MST) >650s 926s

Physical properties of rubber sponges

Table 2 shows the experimental density of the sound absorbing plates calculated from the
mass. and the volume of the sample. The density reduced over the beats speed. This is because the
air phase of the foam increased and made the foam less density.

Table 2 Indicates the density of the sound-absorbing sheet

Material Density (g/cm³)

Acoustic foam from market 0.025 ± 0.0003

Natural rubber foam at 90 rpm 0.160 ± 0.003

Natural rubber foam at 120 rpm 0.138 ± 0.004

Natural rubber foam at 150 rpm 0.113 ± 0.003

Natural rubber foam at 170 rpm 0.106 ± 0.01

Sound absorption properties test

The sound absorption coefficients at frequencies 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz, when
calculated to determine the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) according to equation 4, are as
follows.

Table 3 Noise reduction coefficient at different frequencies of the tested specimens

Material Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)
No material 0.17 ± 0.002

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Ceiling 0.28 ± 0.01
Acoustic foam from market 0.46 ± 0.008
NRLF 90 rpm 0.56 ± 0.008
NRLF 120 rpm 0.59 ± 0.01
NRLF 150 rpm
NRLF 170 rpm 0.54 ± 0.0
0.57 ± 0.005

Natural rubber foam hit at 120 rpm has the highest sound absorption performance due to the highest
sound reduction coefficient.

Conclusion
From the results of the experiment and test the sound-absorbing properties of natural rubber foams

compared to the sound-absorbing panels that are commercially available in the market, it was found that natural
rubber foams have better sound-absorbing properties than the sound-absorbing panels that are commercially
available in the market. This is due to the fact that natural rubber foam has porous sizes of different sizes, so
that when the sound hits it, it can absorb sound better than the commercially available sound-absorbing panels
that do not have multiple porous sizes. Same as natural rubber sound-absorbing sheets the natural rubber foam
that uses a rotation speed to hit the foam rubber at 120 rpm provides the best sound absorption efficiency.

However, the sound absorption coefficient of natural rubber foam using different speed of foaming.
This leads to the density of natural rubber foam that varies with the speed used. It was found that the sound
absorption coefficient was not significantly different. In other words, the density of natural rubber foam does
not affect the sound absorption coefficient much.

Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS) under

Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus of Islamic Sciences Demonstration School. The funding of
SCiUS is provided by Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. This extended abstract
is not for citation.

References
Abeedeen Dasaesamoh Darika Jaaoh. Sound Absorption of Brick Containing Para Rubber Wood Fly ash.
National academic conference. 2553.
Nureeda Kalupae. Sound Absorption of Natural Rubber Fill with Fiber From the Trunk of Betel Palm and
Sugar Palm. 2562.
Nasura Samoh Khusuhaida Jehwae and Darika Jaaoh. Sound Absorbing Material from Natural Rubber
Composites. The 3rd National Conference on Science and Technology Network in Southern Region. 2561:560-
569.

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:Title Interpretation of β0–thalassemia gene by OS1_03_04

Field : hydroxynaphthol blue indicator dye with smartphone
Stem and Innovation

:Author Mr. Kongpukun Chantawarang

Ms. Kamonchanok Rungsuwan

:School Naresuan University Secondary Demonstration School, Naresuan University

:Advisor Asst. Prof. Lt. Saisiri Mirasena, Ph.D.

Abstract
β0-thalassemia is a common inherited blood disorder and represent approximately 3–9 of prevalent

in Thailand. The symptoms of beta-thalassemia can vary widely from asymptomatic, mild symptoms leading
to death. Due to β0-thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of
hemoglobin, there is currently no curative therapy and significant success rate. Therefore, the prevention
method of screening could be reduce the risk of the newborn baby developing beta-thalassemia. However, the
medical technology has contributed to the high cost that making it impossible for community hospitals use. A
device to interpret the beta-thalassemia gene by hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) indicator was developed using
the Vivo V9 smartphone. Moreover, TinkerCAD was designed and also fabricated with acrylic cutters to
measure RGB values with the Color Picker application. By use beta-thalassemia gene mutation samples for 6
samples and use noemal gene sample for 4 samples. The result shown that G and B values of the normal gene
samples and beta-thalassemia gene mutations samples were similar. The mean of normal samples of G and B
values show 131.25 and 176.83, respectively. The beta-thalassemia gene mutation samples of G and B values
represent 125.83 and 184.00 except R value of the beta-thalassemia gene mutation samples was found less than
normal gene samples. However, the mean normal gene sample was 83.67, while the mean beta-thalassemia
gene mutation samples was 54.33. Therefore, R values are used as the cut-off point to show which samples had
the beta-thalassemia gene mutation.

:Keywords β0-thalassemia, case device, LAMP technique

Introduction
Beta-thalassemia (β0-thalassemia) is a type of anemia that is prevalent in Thailand, accounting for

about 3 - 9 percent. It is caused by a genetic disorder of the red blood cells. This causes the red blood cells to
weaken and have a short life expectancy. The severity of symptoms varies. Symptoms range from no pallor,
being able to live like a normal person without treatment, to very severe symptoms such as pallor, jaundice,

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enlarged liver, and spleen, or death in the womb. The severe forms of beta-thalassemia are homozygous
β0-thalassemia and compound heterozygous β0-thalassemia/hemoglobin E. Since thalassemia is a genetic
disease, we cannot cure it. It must be treated according to the symptoms. The solution to this disease is for the
couple to go for screening before having a child to assess the risk to the child if there is a possibility of
thalassemia. This helps to reduce the incidence of thalassemia. Techniques currently used in the diagnosis of
beta-thalassemia include real-time PCR, allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) and automated sequencing. These are
techniques that take 2 to 3 hours to evaluate, require specialized equipment, and are expensive, making primary
hospitals and secondary hospitals unable to thoroughly investigate the disease. The research team, therefore,
used the LAMP technique, a method that takes less time to evaluate, is more convenient, and costs less. In
addition, the results can be interpreted in many ways. With used to screen for severe beta thalassemia genes by
using the indicator dye, hydroxynapthol blue (HNB) when interpreting test results, in which the color of HNB
changes from purple-blue to blue when positive. However, in some cases, the color change of the dye is similar
to the original color of the dye, so it is difficult to recognize, and each person perceives the color differently
with the naked eye. This can lead to misinterpretation of the results. To increase the accuracy of interpretation,
we invent case device using with a smartphone to interpret β0-thalassemia genes with HNB dye by analyzing
the RGB value of the HNB color change from negative and positive. This tool will strengthen the interpretation
of β0-thalassemia genes on-site. Leading to a reduction in the incidence of beta thalassemia of newborns in
Thailand.

Methodology
The experiments were divided into 3 parts as follows,

Part 1 : Invention of devices for β0-thalassemia interpretation
1.1 Design a smartphone case by TinkerCAD
1.2 Cut the acrylic sheet with a acrylic cut machine
1.3 Install electrical circuits and a lamp to control the brightness
1.4 Verify the correctness of the assembled case device with smartphone

Part 2 : Test β-thalassemia gene interpretation using case device with smartphone
2.1 Prepare samples with β0-thalassemia gene mutation and normal
2.2 Apply all samples from 2.1 to case device, measure RGB value and interpret

with a smartphone
Part 3 : Analysis of RGB value

3.1 Recorded and analysed RGB values in positive and negative results
3.2 Calculate RGB values of each group were compared and prescribe the cut-off point

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Results, Discussion and Conclusion
It was a design of case device from experiment 1.1 and assembled case device by acrylic sheet with

smartphone from experiment 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4

When normal gene samples and β0-thalassemia gene mutation samples
were measured RGB value with case device for interpret beta-thalassemia gene by
hydroxynaphthol blue with the Vivo V9 smartphone. Using the Color Picker app,
RGB color values were measured and the samples were repeated 3 times, then
averaged. The results are as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 : Comparing RGB values of normal gene samples and β0-thalassemia gene mutation samples

RGB value of normal gene RGB value of β0-thalassemia

samples gene mutation samples

R (mean) 72 - 94 (83.67) 48 - 60 (54.33)

G (mean) 125 - 135 (131.25) 108 - 138 (125.83)

B (mean) 172 - 185 (176.83) 163 - 198 (184.00)

From Table 1, it is shown that the G and B values of the normal gene and beta thalassemia gene
mutation are close together. But the R value of the normal gene and the beta thalassemia gene are different. So
we use the R value as the cut off point. So if your R value is more than 72, you won’t be β0-thalassemia. And
if your R value is less than 72, you have a chance to be β0-thalassemia.

The device for Interpretation of β0-thalassemia gene by hydroxynaphthol blue indicator dye with a
smartphone can be used.

Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS) under

Naresuan University and Naresuan University Secondary Demonstration School. The funding of SCiUS is

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provided by Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, which is highly appreciated.
This extended abstract is not for citation.
References
1. Kittipop Jamjang, Pattaraphon Bodeerat, Saisiri Mirasena. (2020). Development of mobile application for

Thalassemia screening by One-Tube Osmotic Fragility test. In Proceeding of the 10th SCiUS Forum 2020.
2. Saisiri Mirasena, Sirikan Sonthipho, Pornpan Hongsriphan. (2021). Novel detection of IVS I-1, G>T

mutation on b-globin gene. In Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology (BMB 2021). (online conference) 6-7 July: Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
3. Suthat Fucharoen, David J. Weatherall. (2019). The Hemoglobin E Thalassemia. (online conference)
30 September: (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405827/?fbclid=IwAR2JC5AcIflpIoJuj
xDYxp1aR28ImmXsHN7m5G0HE7qa1AzBGN0X-j_qaWU)

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Title: The study of sound testing properties with acoustic panels OS1_13_02
fabricated from latex foam by adding natural fibers
Field: STEM and Innovation
Author: Mr. Krittapak Jairak
Mr. Sukhabutr Kaewyok
School: Piboonbumpen Demonstration School, Burapha university
Advisor: Mr. Aukrit Natkaeo, Faculty of Science, Burapha University

Abstract

In this work, we are interested in the sound pollution problem that we need to turn the latex foam by
adding natural fibers to become more valuable by investigating sound barriers. Latex foam is a product from latex
by churning then pour it in a mold and steam it through the process called vulcanization. It has a property to absorb
sound. So, it can be the main material for acoustic panel. The variables that affect the efficiency of acoustic panel
is its material and its surface area which, in our study, we use latex foam mix with 5%W/W natural fiber (bamboo
and bagasse) for the material and we have four different surface areas which are a flat surface, a right-angled prism,
an isosceles triangle prism and a square pyramid. In this study, we have test four standard properties that related
to an efficiency of sound in several forms such as sound absorption coefficient, transmission loss, Noise Reduction
Coefficient (NRC) and Sound Transmission Class (STC) and we have studied the morphology of the acoustic
panel. The best acoustic panel is the one with the bagasse fiber with NRC = 0.38 and STC = 33.7

Keyword: sound absorption coefficient, transmission loss, NRC, STC

Introduction
Noise pollution can be found in daily life, in industrial, office, classroom, house and dormitory, which

our group has met. Most of the noise came from people whether it is talking, playing music, cleaning noise etc.
These issues were caused by the thinness of the wall. Because of this the wall can’t absorb noise, which can be
solve by increase the thinness of the wall by stick acoustic panel next to the wall.

Latex and rubber are an industrial crop of Thailand. They are a product from rubber tree which can
transform into a lot of products e.g., rubber sheet for flooring, liquid latex for road marking, latex foam for pillow.
We found that bagasse and sugarcane is a leftover material which can be transform into natural fiber. Our group,
therefore, saw that latex foam has a flexible property and has porous which is a basic property of acoustic panel,
adding with natural fiber to increase the efficiency of acoustic panel.

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From the foregoing, our group want to fabricate an acoustic panel that can use for a long time and can be
produce from readily available materials and low cost which has been mentioned above. We will be testing acoustic
panel using sound absorption coefficient (α), sound transmission loss (Tl) and study the morphology of it.
Methodology

The 3D models are a flat surface, a right-angled prism, an isosceles triangle prism, and a square pyramid,
were printed by a 3D printer as sample molds in silicone rubber. The latex foams were churned with DPG, ZnO,
and SSF, mixed with 5%W/W natural fiber (bamboo and bagasse), and cast in silicone rubber.

The latex foams will be investigated surface morphology by compound light microscope and investigated
sound properties such as sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss with impidence tube (frequency
range 50-6400 Hz); low frequency range 50 to 550 (large wide), medium frequency range 350 to 1620 (large).
High frequency range 500 to 6500 (small) as shown in Fig. 1. In addition, we can be indicated the best performance
of sound in term Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) and Sound Transmission Class (STC), respectively.

Figure 1: Impedence tube equipment for (a) sound absorption and (b) transmission loss.
Results, Discussion and Conclusion

Figure 2: (a) Absorption coefficient of different fiber, (b) Absorption coefficient of different surface area
From Fig. 2. (a) we can observe the performances of the sound absorption coefficient of different natural

fiber we added in ranges 50-6,400 Hz. At around the frequency of 1000 Hz, the best performance of sound
absorption coefficient is over 0.7 with 5% bagasse fiber sample. In the high frequency range (1250-6400 Hz), the
latex foam without fiber has lowest sound absorption coefficient and the foams with fiber have uncertain value. In

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Fig. 2. (b), the best performances of the sound absorption coefficient at around the frequency of 1000 Hz, is over

0.55 with square pyramid sample. In the high frequency range (1250-6400 Hz), the sound absorption coefficient

of flat surface start rising.

However, to indicate the sound properties of materials, we used noise reduction coefficient (NRC) that

can be calculated using below the equation.

= 250 + 500 + 1000 + 2000
4

Figure 3: (a) Charts of NRC which are latex foams with different fiber and (b) different surface area

From Fig. 3. (a) the best performance of NRC is the 5% bagasse fiber has 0.38 which greater than 0.30,
so this can be an acoustic panel. In Fig. 3. (b) the best performance of NRC is the square pyramid has 0.30. This
is because it has the most surface area compared to the others. We notice the right-angle triangle prism has the
worst performance. This may occur while churning latex, which it maybe has less porous than others.

Figure 4: (a) Transmission loss of no fiber acoustic panel (b) Transmission loss of 5% Bamboo fiber
.(c) Transmission loss of 5% Bagasse fiber (d) Sound Trasmission Class of (a)-(c)

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a bc

Figure 5: The surface morphology by compound light microscope (a) no fiber, flat surface
(b) no fiber, right-angle triangle prism (c) 5% bagasse fiber, flat surface

From Fig 4 (a)-(c) shown Sound Transmission Class (STC), is sound properties, that be a single number
rating of a assembly's barrier effect. It was calculated by taking the Transmission Loss (Tl) values tested with the
range of 125 Hz to 4000 Hz using 16 standard frequencies as plotted on a graph. It can be seen that the best
performance of STC is the 5% Bagasse fiber (STC=33.7) as shown in Fig. 4 (d). From Fig. 5., we found that in
sample (a) and (c) have similar porous. We can be concluded that, by adding fiber, it cne be affected energy
absorption ability significantly. And we also found that in sample (b), there were less porouse than sample (a) and
(b).
Acknowledgements

This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS). The funding
of SCiUS is provided by Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation.. We are deeply thankful
to Mr. Aukrit Natkaeo for supporting knowledge, laboratory experiment and equipments in this project. Lastly, we
specially thank Geonoise (Thailand) Co.,Ltd. for sound tesing facilities. This extended abstract is not for citation.
References
1. Porramat C., Kotchaphan P. Investigation of sound absorption and transmission performances with acoustic
panels frabricated by Indian almond leaves
2. Ancuta B., Tiberiu R., Silvio I., Mihaiella C., Alina I., Acoustical Material-Sound Absorbing Material Made of
Pine Sawdust. Materials Science. 2011; 8: 95-98.

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Title : Package design and shelf life of “bEta-THAL” testing kit 12th SCiUS Forum

OS1_03_05

Field : Stem and Innovation
Author : Ms. Chanlakan Suphalap

Ms. Titichaya Jindapong
School : Naresuan University Secondary Demonstration School
Advisor : Asst. Prof. Lt. Dr. Saisiri Mirasena

Abstract
Thailand is one of the countries that have a particularly high prevalence of, a hereditary disease,

β0-thalassemia, with about 35 percent of people at risk of developing the disease. β0-thalassemia is caused by
a β-globin gene mutation.In Thailand, 5 main genes mutations are found: codons 41/42, codon 17, IVS I-1,
codons 71/72 and HbE, codon 26.The LAMP-LFD method (Loop mediated isothermal amplification – lateral
flow dipstick method) is chosen. It is developed to be done in a more time-saving way with only one
temperature and the results from the LFD can be read with the naked eyes so it can detect and analysis easily
and make it convenient to use in each area in Thailand. The researcher design three different packages of
“bEta-THAL” testing kit for different purposes of the user : detecting mutation of 5 genes, two genes, and
one gene. The researcher tests shelf life of the reagents stored at 4°C and -20°C is tested by 2% agarose gel
electrophoresis and a lateral flow dipstick (LFD). At day 1, 7, 14 and 21, the results are found that the reagents
stored have more efficiency to test 5 genes of β0-thalassemia so the results can cause the reagents stored have
long shelf life and easily to use it.

:Keywords package design, shelf life, β0-thalassemia, test kit

Introduction
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal

or synthesize abnormal ones. Thalassemia can cause anemia, leaving you fatigued. Patients suffering from
anemia will require regular blood transfusions. Some cases will be so severe that the child will not survive
the fetal stage. In general, thalassemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Thalassemia and
hemoglobinopathy are prevalent genetic disorders in Thailand, with 3 0 % of all Thais being carriers of
such conditions. There are 2 main types of thalassemia caused by gene mutation: α-thalassemia and
β-thalassemia.

Causation of severe β0-thalassemia is point mutations on β0-globin gene. There are many molecular
biology techniques to diagnose β0-globin gene mutations and need specialists with high throughput specific
equipment to diagnose and take times. To control the incidence of homozygous β0-thalassemia and compound
heterozygous β0-thalassemia/HbE in Thailand is to define risk couple with β0-thalassemia at primary hospital

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e.g. Tambon Health promoting Hospital or on-site. We succeed to establish easy and less time-consuming
technique with simple equipment to detect the most frequent 5 β-globin gene mutations in Thailand.

Our “bEta-THAL kit” covered the most common 4 β0-thalassemia genes in Thai population: codons
41/42, -TCTT; codon 17, A->T; IVS I-1, G->T; codons 71/72, +A and abnormal HbE, codon 26, G->A that
took 1.30 hour to proceed. Our objectives are to design the “bEta-THAL kit” package and check the shelf life
of this test kit. This “bEta-THAL kit” will launce to define risk couple with homozygous β0-thalassemia and
compound heterozygous β0-thalassemia/HbE at primary, secondary hospitals and on-site. This strategy could
define high risk couple and control the newborn with severe β0-thalassemia disease in Thailand.

Methodology
1. Study β0-thalassemia diagnostic technique and protocol
2. Design the package of “bEta-THAL kit” in 3 packages, considering the efficiency.
3. Test shelf life that effect to efficiency of “bEta-THAL kit”
3.1 Vary efficiency temperature to keep reagents of “bEta-THAL kit” (4,-20°C)
3.2 Vary efficiency time of “bEta-THAL kit” reagents (1, 7, 14, 21 day)

Results
In each package, there’ ll be total 20 reagent samples and DNA probe, 20 tubes of LFD buffer and

dipsticks.
In the first package, the test kit includes 5 types of β0-globin gene
mutations: codons 41/42, -TCTT; codon 17, A->T; IVS I-1, G->T;
codons 71/72, +A and abnormal HbE, codon 26, G->A. Each type
includes 4 reagents, so the total reagent samples will be 20.

In the second package, the test kit includes the highest 2 types of
b0-globin gene mutations found in Thailand: codons 41/42,
-TCTT; and codon 17, A->T. Each type includes 10 reagents,
so the total reagent samples will also be 20.

In the third package, the test kit includes the highest type of
β0 -globin gene mutations found in Thailand: codons 41/42,
-TCTT. The total reagent samples will be 20.

The package sample includes the outer box, which is made of solid bleached sulfate paperboard (SBS),
6x9.5x24 3 in size, then the dividers in the same material. From the left side, the 0.2 ml test tubes of reagents
and probe will be arranged into 5 rows and 5 columns, and the 1. 5 ml test tubes of LFD buffer will be in the
next 4 columns. The box of LFD dipsticks is at the right side. Lastly, design the manual, print out as a leaflet,
and place it on top of the dividers.

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Figure 1 : Unfolded layout of the outer box
Figure 2 : Outside of the outer box Figure 3 : Inside of the outer box

We tested the shelf life of bEta-THAL testing kit, reserved in 4 degrees Celsius and -20 degree Celsius,
by interpreting the efficiency of the reagents in day 1, 7, 14 and day 21. And compare between samples with
and without β0 -thalassemia mutations. In order to interpret the efficiency, we used 2% agarose gel
electrophoresis, and Lateral flow dipstick ( LFD) . In LFD technique, there always has to be one line on the
control line to indicate that the technique is done correctly. And if another line appears on the test line, the
result is positive, which means β0- thalassemia genes are detected. If else, the result is negative. And in 2%
agarose gel electrophoresis, there’ s a ladder- like pattern of DNA only in mutant ones, showing that the result
is positive. After the experiment, the result showed that in both 4 and -20 degree Celsius, the reagents are
capable of detecting all mutations accurately in both methods.

Figure 4 : The result, from
testing shelf life of the testing
kit using 2% agarose gel, from
day 1, 7, 14, to day 21

Figure 5 : The result, from testing shelf life of the testing kit using LFD, from day 1, 7, 14, to day 21

Conclusion
The “ bEta- THAL” testing kit is designed to be as userfriendly as possible, both in usability and time

efficiency. There are 3 packages for different purposes. The first package is capable of detecting 4 types of
β0-thalassemia genes, and HbE; in order to find the types of disease. The second package is capable of detecting

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2 most found β0-thalassemia genes, and the third one is for 1 most found type. Both second and third package
are suitable in case types of diseases are already diagnosed before in previous generation.

This research also finds the shelf life of “ bEta- THAL” testing kit by testing the efficiency of
the reagents, kept in 4 and -20 degrees Celsius. In both 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and lateral flow dipstick
( LFD) , the result shows that test kit can detect β0- thalassemia genes accurately from day 1, 7, 14, to day 21.
Further testing is not done yet, so the exact shelf life is still unknown. Normally all reagents should be kept in
-20 degrees Celsius, then shift to 4 degrees for a while before using.

Discussion
- LFD box can be kept separately from other reagents in the bEta-THAL testing kit, due to different

preservation temperatures.
- Our research tested the shelf life of reagents until day 21 in limited time. Since the shelf life could

be longer, this research can be further studied.
- Budget of a “bEta-THAL” kit

Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS) under

Naresuan University Secondary Demonstration School. The funding of SCiUS is provided by Ministry of
Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. This extended abstract is not for citation.

References
1. Mirasena, S.; Shombhu, D.; Sanguansermsri, M.; Sanguansermsri, T. Detection of β-thalassemia mutations

using a multiplex Amplification Refractory Mutation System assay. Hemoglobin 2008, 32, 1-7.
2. Mirasena S, Sonthipho S and Hongsriphan P. Novel detection of IVS I-1 G>T mutation on β-globin gene.

In Proceeding of the 7 th Internationa Conference on Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB 2 0 2 1 ) .
(online conference) 6-7 July: Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
3. Thongphueak Dueantem, Chansiri Kosum. Development of the Rapid Test Kit for the Identification of
Campylobacter spp. Based on Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) in Combination with
a Lateral Flow Dipstick (LFD) and GoldNano-DNA Probe (AuNPs). Science & Technology Asia; Vol.24
No.1 ; 63-71.

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Title : The ThermoelectricVaccine Refrigerator OS1_14_03
using Solar and Energy Storage System

Field : STEM and Innovation

Author : Mr. Chaloemwong Sukming

Miss Nattawadee Nakleg

School : Paphayom Phitthayakhom School, Thaksin University Phatthalung Campus
Advisor : Assoc.Prof.Dr.Jompob Waewsak (Thaksin University Phatthalung Campus)

Abstract

The importance of public health access and proper immunization, which is a vaccine, is demonstrated by
the COVID-19 pandemic situation. However, because so many areas in Thailand are rural and still lack electricity,
vaccine transportation and quality control are hampered. As a result, this project proposes the study, design, and
construct of a vaccine refrigerator using thermoelectric module as a cooling material and is powered by solar panel
to maintain the vaccine quality at 2-8°C, which electricity from solar panel can be stored in the battery. It can also
be charged by a residential power supply. From theexperiment, it was found that the use of the vaccine refrigerator
from the thermoelectric modules can be used for 1 hour with the lowest temperature of 11.42°C when the external
temperature is 25°C by using 2 thermoelectric modules together with 2 air heat sinks. When power-on, it was
found that the temperature decreased and reached the minimum temperature by about 20 min. The average
temperature insidetherefrigerator was15.06 °C, 13.58 °C, 12.58 °C, 12.14 °C and 12.58 °C in 10, 15, 20, 25 min.
respectively. The temperature inside the vaccine refrigerator depends on the ambient temperature and cooling of
the thermoelectric module is related to the battery capacity as well. From this result, it can be developed into a
portable solar-powered thermoelectric vaccinerefrigerator which close to appropriate temperaturefor the vaccine,
suitable for deployment in remote areas and more efficient in the future.

Keywords : Vaccines, Thermoelectric, Solar energy

Introduction
Nowadays, there are many different epidemics. whether caused by bacteria or different viruses can

cause epidemics. The severity of these epidemics dependson the immune system of the individual. Regularly. We
can also have immune in another way, that is to be vaccinated. The COVID-19 situation illustrates that vaccines
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necessary for everyone. Vaccines are antigens or biologics made by viruses or bacteria. It must be kept at the
appropriate temperature. This is normally between 2 and 8°C. necessitating the use of a vaccine refrigerator to
keep the vaccine effective must go via a cold chain system transit process. This is a process that keeps the
vaccination at the proper temperature all of the time. However, because so many areas in Thailand are rural and
still lack electricity, vaccine transportation and quality control are hampered but everyone need a high quality
immunization. As a result, this project proposes thestudy, design, and construction of a vaccine refrigerator using
thermoelectric module as a cooling material and is powered by solar cells to maintain the vaccine quality at 2-8
°C becausesolar energy is a non-polluting source of energy, can be used continuously and is eco-friendly, which
electricity from solar cells can be stored in the battery to reduce the inaccessibility of a good quality basic
immunity. Moreover it can also be charged into a residential energy supply when there is none.

Methodology
This project is divided in to 2 parts as follow.

Part 1: Design and assemble thermoelectric vaccine refrigerator using solar energy and energy storage system.
1.1 Design the structure of the vaccine refrigerator. The material used to make the
refrigerator is a cold storage plastic box.

1.2 Design an electrical circuit where thesolar panel will charge a 12v 12ah battery
and will be connected to 2 6v 3a thermoelectric modules by connecting them in
parallel. And all 4 12v 0.20a heat sinks are parallel to get 12v 0.80a and will take
both of them is the thermoelectric modules and the heat sinks are connected in
parallel, together with the fan distributing thecooling to get 12v 7.1a, which will be
enough with the battery.
1.3 Once the circuit is connected, it is attached to the cold storage
box, where the thermoelectric modules is located on both sides of
the cooling box and thecooling fan is assembled inside thevaccine
ref rigera tor.

1.4 Install a temperature sensor in the refrigerator with an LED
display on the front of the refrigerator and an LED display showing
the amount of battery. with an on-off switch

1.5 Assemble a case for cooling boxes, batteries and other
equipment such as air cooler, and install solar panel at the
top of the case. The solar panel can be adjusted the angle
of the panel to receivelight, by manual adjustment.

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Part 2 : Test the efficiency of a thermoelectric vaccine refrigerator using solar energy and energy storage system.
2.1 Time to charge the battery from 0-100 percent.
2.2 Measure thetemperature inside thevaccine refrigerator before power on.
2.3 Activatethe vaccine freezer. Then time to cool. From themeasured starting temperature to 2-8°C.
2.4 Measure thetemperature reduction in the refrigerator every 5 min.
2.5 Time the use of thevaccine sincestart until a battery is exhausted.
2.6 Test the battery charging using the solar panel. by time thebattery charging from 0-100 percent.

Results
From the experiment, it was found that the useof thevaccine refrigerator from thethermoelectric modules can be
used for 1 hour with the lowest temperature is 11.42°C when the external temperature is 25°C by using 2
thermoelectric modules together with 2 air coolers are used to cool thetemperature quickly to save an energy from
a battery so that, the vaccinerefrigerator is able to keep the temperature longer.

Temperature Difference (Every 5 min. )

Temperature Difference (Every 5 min.)

20
15
10
5
0

5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 25 min

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

Time / min.

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From the graph, when testing the cooling of the thermoelectric modules from a temperature of 25°C, it was
found that the temperature decreased. The average temperature inside the refrigerator was 15.06 °C, 13.58 °C,
12.58 °C, 12.14 °C and 12.58 °C in 10, 15, 20, 25 min. respectively. The lowest temperature is 11.42°C, the
temperature inside the vaccine refrigerator depends on the temperature outside the refrigerator as well. If the
outside temperature is high, then the temperature insidethe refrigerator would slower decreases. On the other hand,
if the temperature outside the refrigerator is low, the temperature inside can drop quickly. The cooling of the
thermoelectric modules is related to thebattery capacity. Due to the limitation of the power source, the cooling of
the thermoelectric modules cannot work at full capacity all the time because the amount of electricity available in
the battery gradually decreases as the battery remains at 7 volts. The vaccine will gradually stop working, after
which the battery from thesolar panel can be recharged. It will take 9-10 hours for thebattery to be fully charged.
The homeelectric charge takes 1 hour.

Conclusion
The use of 2 thermoelectric modules together with solar energy is possible for thecooling within 2-8°C. However,
we haveto develop a refrigerator that can cool 2-8°C. Thereforewe may need to increasethe size of the battery to
be larger in order to have enough energy for more efficient cooling of the thermoelectric modules and also have
to design of a moreefficient cooling system in order to keep the vaccine refrigerator well cooled, this would result
in more cooling of the thermoelectric modules. Besides we may try to use others form of energy sources such as
hybrid energy and the material needs to be more durable and the refrigerator should usable while charging the
electricity from a solar panel to a battery.

Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS). The funding of SCiUS
is provided by Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. This extended abstract is not for
cita tion.

Reference
Henning Buitedach, Immanuel N. Jiya, Rupert Gouwn. Solar powered peltier cooling storage for vaccines in
ruralaeeas. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Science 2020 ; Vol 17 : pp. 36-46.

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Title : The study of tomato disease detection robot OS1_09_03
Field : by using image processing and deep learning
Author :
STEM and innovation
School :
Advisor : Mr. Kittipon Wonglekha

Mr. Taksin Klangsathorn

Ms. Apinda Boonjarat

Darunsikkhalai Science School, King Mongkut’s University of technology Thonburi

Mr. Kitsada doungjitjroen (Darunsikkhalai Science School)

Ms. Jintana Wongta (Darunsikkhalai Science School)

Abstract

Tomato disease is one of the significant problems of the tomato farm, which impacts the quality and
quantity of the products, therefore the disease should be detected before it spreads to other plants. The aim of
this study is to create a tomato disease detection robot. For this purpose, the field was collected in matrix map
form including target, obstruction, and a possible pathway. This data along with the robot’s position from a
gyroscope will be sent to the Raspberry pi to process and command the Arduino nano for the movement. After
the robot moved to the plants, image processing was used by raspberry pi to detect leaves and diseases. Then,
deep learning that was trained by Keras and the tomato leaves images dataset was used for classified diseases.
The disease images that were identified will be included in the dataset to train later. Disease classification by
deep learning can classify 10 types of leaves, consisting of 9 types of disease and healthy leaves. The result
of training is 94 percent accuracy on the train and 87 percent accuracy on the test. In addition, the interface
app was created to make it easier to use. During the process, the tomatoes were planted for collecting the
disease information and testing the robot's performance. The result found that the most common diseases are
Septoria leaf spot, Tomato yellow leaf curl, and Early bright. The biggest challenge of this study is designing
robots that can walk properly and a camera height should be at least 50 cm to see the tomato leaves according
to the average of tomatoes that were planted for testing. Unfortunately, under the covid-19 situation, testing
robots with a real plant is the task that is needed to do in the future.

Keyword : Tomato, disease detection, image processing, deep learning,

Introduction
Thailand is a country that relies heavily on the agricultural sector. Tomato is the most common

vegetable used in our daily life which makes it high market value and also can be exported in large quantities.
However, ineffective disease management of the tomato can cause tomato disease problem that is one of the
significant problems, which impact the quality and quantity of the products. Effective disease management

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includes monitoring and early treatment before it spreads to other plants. The aim of this study is to create a
tomato disease detection robot that can help farmers monitor crops and detect the disease on leaves.

tomato disease detection robot can monitor with AI that helps the robot calculate the appropriate
route according to the environment by avoiding obstacles such as deep basins, mud, and equipment on the
farm. A camera on the robot will take pictures of the tomato leaves as the robot moves to the tomato plant and
then, use image processing and deep learning for disease detection.

Apart from the software aspect that has been mentioned such as AI that controls the robot’s movement
and disease detection. Modifying robots to achieve the desired performance is the work that still occurs during
robot testing performance. Many challenges and problems have been found in this part and still need to be
studied and improved in the future.

Methodology
The project was divided into 3 parts as follows,

Part 1: Software creating include 1.1 disease detection, 1.2 Robot’s movement and 1.3 Application interface.
1.1 The dataset includes over 16,000 images of tomato leaves that have been taken from tomato

cultivation and Kaggle dataset [1] was used for train and test a neural network. The neural network was created
into 2 layers which include input layer and output layer. The input layer has 150528 neural and the output has
ten neutrals that were activated by activation softmax.

1.2 The robot’s movement was controlled by AI. In the train section, the matrix map was created to
collect field data in the number forms 0 (obstacle: can’t go) 1 (mean route: can go), and 2 (destination: must
go). After that, the AI will read the matrix map and analyze it to find possible and the most nearly pathways
to go to the target. However, there is a target that the robot can’t go so AI will skip the target. If it is out of the
possible way that AI can criticize, the AI will use random movement until reaching the target.

1.3 The interface application made by pyqt 5 for running 3 commands such as test train and use.
The test button was used to check the quality of the robot before starting the program by verifying and running
the code that read the matrix map. Therefore, the robot need to finish the test section before train. The train
button was used for making the matrix map, but the test button was not finished today. The use button was
used to run the index code for starting the primary system, and then the robot will read the matrix map file and
go to the first target.

Part 2: Creating the robot Figure 1: Robot system
2.1 The robot system shown in Figure 1.

Raspberry Pi 4 was used as the main processor for disease
detection. The 32 GB SD is only used for collecting data.
Raspberry Pi 4 received the image data from the camera
and the current position data from the Arduino nano that
is connected with the Gyroscope sensor. Raspberry Pi 4

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processed the data such as matrix map and image then go to the next position by sending commands to Arduino
nano. After that, Arduino nano commanded the encoding motor to move the robot.

2.2 PETG material was to create the robot. The overall

model is shown in Figure 2 and robot equipment is shown in Figure

3. The robot’s shape look like a car with 1 encoding motor for each

side. Caterpillar wheels were used because this type of wheel is

suitable on rough ground like the real environment. A Servo motor

was used to make the camera able to move in a bend-down direction

to detect the leaf easier. The average height of the tomato that was Figure 2: The overall model

measured every week will be used as the reference for the appropriate height of the camera to make sure that

the camera can detect the leaf from the above view.

Inside the robot will separate into 2 spaces. The

main hardware such as Raspberry pi 4b, Arduino

nano, gyroscope, encoding motors, and the battery

were be installed in the main room. Another room

have a hole for setting up the screen display to show

the status of the Raspberry pi.

Figure 3: The overall model

Result
1. The average height of the tomatoes for the period of 9 weeks of the first crop was 61.7 cm. and

the second crop is 35.1 cm. This information will be the reference to design the camera height and perspective.
2. From 1.1 the neural network was trained for disease detection. The result can divide into 3 types

success, error, and loss. The loss was a case that doesn’t make anything happen so, it needs to be least as
possible by developing the data set. The success rate of the train was 94 %t and the test was 87 %. The loss
rate of the train was 1.7 % and the test was 1.2 %

3. From the robot testing. The robot can follow the matrix map but still have a little discrepancy. In
the hardware aspect, it has an issue with the movement problem from the caterpillar design that didn’t fit with
the drive wheels in the actual test as shown in Figure 4. However, this problem can be solved by changing the
caterpillar wheel to a normal four-wheel design. The robot with a four-wheel design is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 4: Caterpillar wheel problem Figure 5: The robot with four-wheel design

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Conclusion
In the proposed work, we have developed the disease detection robot that can detect tomato disease

from leaves with a success rate of 87%. In theory, we have been able to complete the robot's movement system
which is part of monitoring. Now, the robot can follow the matrix map but still have a little discrepancy.
From the robot testing, many challenges have been found in this part, and unfortunately, under the covid-19
situation, complete monitoring farm testing is still unable to be provided.
Acknowledgements

This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS) under
Suranaree University of Technology and Rajsima Wittayalai School. The funding of SCiUS is provided by
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, which is highly appreciated. This extended
abstract is not for citation.
References
[1] Nouaman Lamrahi,Mohammed Hmimou. Tomato [dataset]. [date unknown]. [cited 2021 may 23].

Available from: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/noulam/tomato

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Title : Low-pressure drying cabinet with solar radiation : in case of Anchovy
Field :
Author : Stem and Innovation OS1_14_02

School : Mr. Napon Thongwisat
Advisor :
Miss Papawarin Namvong
Paphayompittayakom School, Thaksin University
Asst.Prof.Dr.Thawatchai Tepnual (Thaksin University)

Abstract
The objectives of the study were (1) to study and design an anchovy drying by using the pressure

reduction method and use solar radiation; and (2) to compare the percentage of moisture and drying time of
anchovies obtained from Low pressure drying cabinet low pressure with solar radiation with the conventional
method of drying.

The study was qualitative research. A sample was selected from 900 g of fresh anchovies. After that,
measure the CIE L*a*b* before being dried and then dried in a Low-pressure drying cabinet with solar
radiation at a pressure of -300 mmHg. A total of 3 times, then measured the CIE L*a*b* and weighed after
drying.

Research findings were as follows : (1) At the pressure of -300 mmHg, the total drying time of
anchovy was about 90-120 minutes. The average residual moisture content of anchovy was found to be 21.33%.
(2) The color measurement of anchovy before drying showed that the mean brightness (L*) was 62.77 The
color coefficient (a*) averaged +1.95 The color coefficient (b*) averaged +10.56 The results from the CIE
L*a*b* measurement of the dried anchovy showed that the mean brightness (L*) was 62.65 and the color
coefficient (a*) was -8.19 The color coefficient (b*) averaged +21.36 And the average weight after drying was
g. The pressure-reducing method of drying anchovies was 6 hours faster than drying by conventional methods,
and the percentage of moisture in dried anchovies (6 hours) was less than the percentage of moisture obtained
from drying. Dry by conventional method (72 hours) at 9.12%

:Keywords Anchovy, Drying, Vacuum, Low-pressure

Introduction

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Anchovy is a tiny surface fish that may be found from the shore to a depth of 70 meters in the Gulf of
Thailand. Sardines, baby head fish, lizard fish, jasmine fish, rice fish, squid, and other native names for

the Andaman Sea. Anchovies are a valuable fish in Thailand's economy. Consumers in Thailand and throughout
the world prefer it. This group of fish may be utilized for a number of applications due to its high nutritional
content, including fresh eating, drying, processing to manufacture fish sauce, Budu Thai southern styled fish
sauce, and so on. According to the Department of Fisheries' export data, the amount and value of exports of
anchovy products issued in 2014 were 633.6 tons and 23.49 million baht, respectively.

Drying is a food preservation technique. This has been done for a long time at both the village and
industrial levels. Drying may be done in a variety of ways. such as exposure to the sun Various techniques of
drying, for example, the process of drying by sunshine. It will be more convenient and less expensive. However,
there will be dust issues. microbes, and when it rains or it's chilly It's possible that drying will cause fungal
issues. As a result, it won't survive long. Solar low-pressure drying cabinets with a combination of solar panels
are a suitable option.

Methodology
The experiments were divided into 4 pasts as follows,

Part 1: Data collection

A study on food drying and food drying in various ways was undertaken by the researcher. to be
utilized as a source of information for study the researcher's drying cabinet will employ dehydration and will
be made up of two parts: the drying cabinet and the vacuum.

Part 2: Design and Creation of low-pressure drying cabinet with solar radiation

Behind Side

Top Front

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Past 3: Experiment procedure of low-pressure drying cabinet with solar radiation
1) The color values of the anchovies were measured using a colorimeter before drying according to

the CIE standard (L*a*b*) to record the findings of the experiment. 2) Before drying the anchovies fish,
determine its moisture level. keep track of the experiment's outcomes 3) Divide the anchovies evenly between
the two pans, weighing 0.45 kilogram each. 4) Place the anchovies in the incubator, separated into two trays.
5) Dry the anchovies until they have a moisture content of 20-30% wd. 6. After the anchovies have dried,
remove them. Come to calculate the humidity, weigh the experiment, and measure the CIE (L*a*b*) color. 7)
Perform the tests three times, following steps 1-6 each time. 8) Calculate the color difference using the
information you've gathered. Now compare the moisture percentage achieved with conventional drying.

Results
It was found from experiment 3 the optimal time for preliminary drying was 90-120 minutes. And the

remaining moisture is approximately 21.33% [Fig 1],[Fig 2],L before drying and after drying averages of 62.77
and 62.25, respectively [Fig 3],[Fig 4] a* Average after drying and before drying Values+1.95 and -8.19
respectively [Fig 5],[Fig 6] b*Average before drying and after drying Values +10.56 and +21.36 respectively
[Fig 7],[Fig 8].

FIGER 1

FIGER 2

FIGER 3 FIGER 4

FIGER 5 FIGER 6

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FIGER 7 FIGER 8

Conclusion

It was found that from the experiment of drying the anchovy at -300mmHg pressure, it was found that
the drying time was in the range of 90-120 minutes. Depending on the daily weather conditions, the residual
moisture content of the fish was 21.33%, which was less than that of normal drying with a moisture content of
23.4%. But it takes about 8 hours to dry. In order to put it up for sale, if you want to keep it for more than 3
days, it takes 72 hours to dry to prevent mold. But if use of low-pressure drying cabinet with solar radiation
can shorten the remaining time. Only 6 hours, and the percentage of moisture in dried anchovies (2 hours) was
9.12% less than the percentage of moisture obtained by conventional drying (8 hours), and the drying rate was
0.0423.

The color measurement of anchovy before drying showed that the mean brightness (L*) was 62.77
The color coefficient (a*) averaged +1.95 The color coefficient (b*) averaged +10.56 The results from the CIE
L*a*b* measurement of the dried anchovy showed that the mean brightness (L*) was 62.65 and the color
coefficient (a*) was -8.19 The color coefficient (b*) averaged +21.36

Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS). The

funding of SCiUS is provided by Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. This
extended abstract is not for citation.

References
Xiaojian Quan.Low oil French fries produced by combined pre-frying and pulsed-spouted microwave vacuum
drying method.Food and Bioproducts Processing.1st ed.UK: EFCE; 2016

Christine H Scaman ,Timothy D Durance. Combined Microwave Vacuum-drying. Emerging Technologies for
Food Processing. 1st ed. Canada: University of British Columbia; 2005

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Title: The study of mechanical properties using impact force 12th SCIUS Forum
testing latex foam and non-Newtonian fluid
Field: STEM and Innovation OS1_13_03
Author: Mr. Saksorn Singhasenee
School: Piboonbumpen Demonstration School, Burapha university
Advisor: Mr. Aukrit Natkaeo, Faculty of Science, Burapha University

Abstract

The study of mechanical properties using impact force testing latex foam and non-Newtonian fluid was
conducted for studying mechanical properties of latex foam and non-Newtonian fluid from corn starch though the
impact pact force testing. We aim to invent, design, and form reusable cushioning material instead of using bubble
wrap and seal which cause plastic waste and pollution. The latex forming was done by a recipe from Natural
Rubber Innovation Research Institute, Prince of Songkla University along with 3D designing for prototype to make
the silicone mold as 50 mm rubric and 50 mm rubric box with 30 mm rubric space for containing non-Newtonian
fluid. The study feature that the best weight ratio for non-Newtonian fluid is 60:40 corn starch by water. According
to primary pendulum impact energy test along with supporting software Tracker and Origin9.0 found that
averagely whole latex rubric can absorb energy at 59.22% In comparison, box-like latex with non-Newtonian fluid
can absorb about 66 .3 0 %. The study indicates that latex foam and non-Newtonian fluid from corn starch can be
used to develop reusable cushioning material in future.

Keyword: Latex foam, non-Newtonian fluid, impact energy, corn starch

Introduction

Now a day the highly increasing development of technology makes connection and routine more
comfortable and easier involve the shopping which adapt to online pathway including to Covid-19 pandemic have
increase confidence in online shopping pathway although pandemic has ended the trend of online shopping is still
slightly increasing. This change makes more transportation and delivery specially on health product, electronic
device and furniture which can be damaged easily while transportation, so more and more bubble wrap is produced
for protecting products from getting damaged. Its performance is great but it still one time used product which not
only non-reusable but also hard to decompose belonging to what it made of, so it had made extremely high amount
of plastic waste and pollution over decades and still getting increase every day.

Refer to mentioned problem, researcher aim to invent, design, and form reusable cushioning material
instead of using bubble wrap and seal thought the using of latex foam which not only reusable, diversity to form
and has a great bouncy mechanic but also an economic plant for exporting of Thailand together with interesting

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material for applying the cushioning material, non-Newtonian fluid which had used in D3O corporation with great
result on invented safety equipment for motocross but along with very high cost so this study attempt to substitute
it with basic non-Newtonian fluid like corn starch.

According to all reason, researcher demand to invent, design and form cushioning material which eco
and reusable without efficiency lost on low cost while also increase earns of agriculture opportunity in Thailand
by using economic plants such as latex and corn starch.

Methodology

This research can be spit in to 4 main part mole forming, latex forming, non-Newtonian fluid conditioning
and mechanical properties testing

Part 1: Mole forming

1.1 Prototype preparing: this part was done by design 2 separate parts follow by 50 mm cubic, 50 mm
box with 30 mm cubic space in 3D sketch programs then they PLA prototypes were printed by 3D
printer.

1.2 Silicone mole forming: this part done by drown prototype under silicone mixture with catalyst until
it set and remove it out of silicone mole.

Part 2: Latex forming

Latex foam was prepared with the ratio of latex: DPG: ZnO: SSF as 167: 3: 10 :3 grams then it was spun
latex for 5 minutes, added DPG into latex and spun for 1-minute. After that, it was added ZnO into mixture
then it was spun for 1 minute with pure SSF into mixture for 15 seconds. After all pure mixture was
poured in silicone mole then it was steamed at 100 degrees Celsius for 1 hour and washed latex and baked
at 80 degrees Celsius for 50 minutes.

Part 3: Non-Newtonian fluid conditioning

Non-Newtonian fluid was prepared by the ratio of 1: 1 weight of corn starch with water. After that, it was
poured in latex box for mechanical properties testing with pendulum experiment. Therefore, it was
repeated all over Part3 process with 10% more ratio of corn starch.

Part 4: Mechanical properties testing

For mechanical properties testing with pendulum experiment which was vertically set to stand for
clashing latex foam while was capturing the video and added the data in tracker program for pendulum
position tracking. The value of starting and maximum bounce position was collected and repeated the
experiment with different starting height. After that, we plotted a graph of starting height to max bounce
height by using Origin9.0 and found a different of starting height and max bounce height for energy
absorption as the equation (1) refer to Law of conservation of energy.

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12th SCIUS Forum

(%) = − × 100(%) (1)


Measurement of compression set was performed by using 4.5 mm spacer bar aging oven
(ELASTROCON: model EB 04II-60) under 70 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. The compressive modulus
test was measured by using Universal testing machine (INSTRON 5569) as 1 kN load, pressing 10
mm/minute until 29 mm diameter with 11 mm height cylindric latex until it attains 50% height, thought
the equation (2).

= 50% (2)

( ×0.5)

Results and discussion

Figure 1: latex cubic and latex foam box Figure 2: Latex foam texture though stereo microscope

The study feature that we can form latex foam and box as figure 1 and non-Newtonian fluid found the

best weight ratio for non-Newtonian fluid is 60:40 corn starch by water and with less than 50% ratio of corn starch

the non-Newtonian fluid will act like normal fluid and with more than 60% of corn starch it will act like solid. For

basic pendulum impact test feature that plain blank cubic latex can absorb energy at 59.22% In comparison, box-

like latex with non-Newtonian fluid can absorb about 66.30% as shown in table 2 and table 3. Compression set of

cylindric latex can stable at 87.6±1.6% and compressive modulus at 0.104±0.020 MPa.

Table 1: Compression set and compression modulus measured
by RTEC

Mechanical properties Results

Compression set (%) 87.6 ± 1.6
Compressive modulus at 50% 0.104 ± 0.020
strain (MPa)

Figure 3: Latex and NNF’s Pendulum test height graph

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Table 2: Latex foam’s Energy Absorption 12th SCIUS Forum

Start height (m) Max bounce height (m) Difference (m) Energy absorption (%)
0.230 58.8
0.391 0.161 0.196 59.0
0.144 55.4
0.332 0.136 0.123 58.0
0.79 65.3
0.260 0.116
Energy absorption (%)
0.212 0.089 64.0
64.4
0.121 0.042 66.6
68.2
Table 3 - Latex foam and Non-Newtonian Fluid’s Energy 68.7

AbSsotarrpt thioeinght (m) Max bounce height (m) Difference (m)

0.373 0.134 0.239

0.312 0.111 0.201

0.213 0.071 0.142

0.170 0.054 0.116

0.128 0.040 0.088

Conclusions

The invented cushioning material from latex foam and non-Newtonian fluid is reusable and the study
indicates that latex foam and non-Newtonian fluid from corn starch can be used to develop reusable cushioning
material in future

Acknowledgements

This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School (SCiUS) under Burapha
University and Piboonbumpen demonstration School. The funding of SCiUS is provided by Ministry of Higher
Education, Science, Research and Innovation, which is highly appreciated. This extended abstract is not for citation

References
Pornsiri K, Preparation of high impact absorber material prepared from natural rubber, Prince of Songkla
University; 2019

Warawut S, Development of Cushioning Material from Natural Latex Foam. Songkla, Prince of Songkla
University; 2009

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12th SCiUS Forum

Title : Study of hydrophobic materials in oil skimmer machine OS1_04_01
Field : STEM and Innovation
Authors :
Mr. Theeraphat Jamfoong
School :
Advisor : Mr. Phatsakorn Likhitwongkhajohn

Demonstration School of Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Apishok Tangtrakarn

Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,
Khon Kaen University

Abstract :

Oil spills pollute marine ecosystem by preventing the dissolution of oxygen in water. One of the effective
methods in handling oil spill is oil skimming. There are several types of oil skimmers depending on oil collector
configurations which are a disk, a drum, a belt, a screw, a brush, a weir, etc. Among those tools, the researchers
found the disk type easy to build and use. Thus, it became a subject of interest in the study. Typical commercial
materials used for the disk collector are steel and Teflon. Teflon is more effective than steel in term of separating
oil from water since it is more hydrophobic. Herein, Teflon was compared to acrylic regarding oil recovery rate
(ORR) and oil recovery efficiency (ORE) as a function of rotation speed for retrieving cooking oil and diesel
engine oil.

Keywords : Oil recovery rate, Oil recovery efficiency, Disc type oil skimmer, Teflon, Acrylic.

Introduction

Nowadays, there are a lot of problems in marine ecosystems. To illustrate, the leaked oil would coat
plants and animals, and grasses may absorb oil, causing damage to plants and rendering the region unfit for use as
a natural habitat. Oil spills can kill fish, shellfish, and other marine life, especially if a large number of fish eggs
or larvae are exposed to the oil. Oil spills also harm nesting places, which can have far-reaching long-term
repercussions for the entire region. Moreover, contamination caused by oil spills could disrupt migratory patterns.
Oil spills frequently kill marine mammals as the oil could block their respiratory system, making it impossible for
those animals to breathe properly. Various techniques have been proposed to solve this problem. One of the
effective methods of handling oil spills is the oil skimmer machine.

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12th SCiUS Forum

There are several types of oil skimmers depending on oil collector configurations. Among those tools,
mechanical skimming of oil from oil spills using disk has been an active research area. Various factors are affecting
the performance of the oil skimmer machine. For example, the rotation speed of the disk, the disk surface area
dipped into the oil spill, and the material of the disk.

In this project, we decided to focus on the material of the disk. The purpose is to test the effectiveness of
oil skimmer machine in oil spill recovery under various conditions, including disk rotation speed, and the type of
spilled oil.

Methodology

The methodology is divided into 2 parts

Part 1: Designing and materials selecting

Our oil skimmer machine was designed for sample usage, compact, and easy to use. The setup comprises
a medium plastic box, a compact disc (CD) as acrylic, a compact disc (CD) with a Teflon sheet on it, a dc motor,
a motor shaft set, PVC pipes, and a slit. The purpose of this method was to make the machine easy to adjust and
can disassemble the disk for the materials changed.

1.1 Design the disk-type oil skimmer machine and define the materials and sizes.
1.2 Create our oil skimmer machine by assembling a dc motor, motor speed controller, disk,

and the plastic box together.
Part 2: Performance test and comparisons

Our oil skimmer machine was tested at the same amount of oil and water. The rotation speed
was varied from 70 to 120 rpm. Both of our disk material performances were investigated by recording the oil
recovery rate (ORR) and the oil recovery efficiency (ORE), where:

ORR = Voil time
collection

ORE = (VVtootial l) × 100

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12th SCiUS Forum

Where Voil = amount of oil and Vtotal = amount of the collected mixture (oil + water). To find out the oil recovery
rate (ORR) and the oil recovery efficiency (ORE), the amount of the collected oil combined with water during a
particular time was measured. The combined oil and water were left for at least 12-24 h in the cylinder to separate
oil and water from each other. The volume of oil and water was then obtained by measurements using the cylinder.
Result

Figure 1: Graph of oil recovery rate using cooking oil.

Figure 2: Graph of oil recovery efficiency using cooking oil.

Figure 3: Graph of oil recovery rate using diesel engine oil.

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Figure 4: Graph of oil recovery efficiency using diesel engine oil.
According to Fig. 1,2,3, and 4, Teflon had the highest performance of all 3 materials at all rotational
speeds but there were slight differences between those 3 materials, especially Teflon and acrylic. If we look at
both the oil recovery rate (ORR) and oil recovery efficiency (ORE) graph, we can see that the increase in rpm will
increase oil recovery rate (ORR) but will decrease oil recovery efficiency (ORE).

Conclusion
Adding more disk rotation speed can increase the oil recovery rate, but it also decreases the oil recovery

efficiency. From our result, both Teflon and acrylic disk’s oil spill recovery performance were slightly higher than
regular steel disks and the Teflon disk had the highest performance. In spite of that, it could still be developed
further by adding more roughness or including other materials that have more hydrophobic characteristics.

Acknowledgments
This project cannot be completed without the help and advice from advisors,

Asst. Prof. Apichok Tagtrakarn. This project was supported by Science Classroom in University Affiliated School
(SCIUS). The funding of SCIUS is provided by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and
Innovation. This extended abstract is not for citation.

References
1.D. A. El-Gayar, M. A. Khodary, M. H. Abdel-Aziz, M. F. Khalil. Effect of Disk Skimmer Material and

Oil Viscosity on Oil Spill Recovery [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 17]. Available from:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-021-05150-y

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