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. Asking and Giving Opinion Reading Have you ever asked your friends about something that you have? Like watches, shoes, and so on. And how do they respond? In English, this is called asking and giving opinion. Asking opinion is a way for someone to ask their opinion or thoughts on an object or other thing. While giving opinion is a way for someone to give their opinion. Elsa, what do you think about my new shoes? I think your new shoes are shiny
Here’s some expressions that can be used to expressing asking and giving opinion. Asking Opinion Giving Opinion What do you think about……? I think……. What do you think of……? Well, I think that……. Do you have any idea about………? I believe that…… Do you have an opinion about……...? In my mind……… What is your opinion about……? In my opinion Would you mind to give your opinion? my opinion is……. Listening Asking and Giving Opinion Practice with your friends to say several expressions of asking and giving opinion above!
Exercise 1 Write down an asking and giving opinion expression for the situation on the pictures below! Writing Asking and Giving Opinion 1 E.g. Ronald: Hey Mila! What do you think about the mountain? Mila: I think it is so big, Ronald. 2 3 4
Practice with your friend with these conversations about asking and giving opinion! Dialogue 1 Maya: Hello Ellie, how are you? Ellie: Hello Maya, I am very well, how about you? Maya: I am also good, thank you. By the way, do you have idea about the weather? Ellie: Well, I think it is going to rain, it is already dark in here. Maya: I agree with you. I think I will go to my home right now, see you Ellie. Ellie: Okay Maya, see you later. Dialogue 2 Steven: Hi James! James: Hi Steven! Steven: What is your opinion about the final exam tomorrow? James: I believe that it will be easy because I already studied. Steven: I think I will do it too now, see you James. James: See you Steven. Asking and Giving Opinion Speaking
Invitation is a request, a solicitation, or an attempt to get another person to join you at an event. The purpose of an intivitation is to invite someone attend / come an event. For Example birthday, anniversary, wedding, graduation, competition, etc. 1. Formal Invitation Formal invitation is an invitation which follows a dignified form, tone or style in agreement with established norms, customs or values. For Example an invitation to the opening of a school, an invitation to a graduation ceremony and an invitation to a wedding. Generic Structure of a formal invitation: The name of the person who invite The occasion for invitation The day and date The request for reply The place The name of the person invited The time D. Types of Invitation C. What is Invitation?
2. Informal Invitation This kind of invitation is found a lot in social interaction. The informal invitation can be written or spoken and commonly given or addressed to family member, friend, mate, etc. Students’ Organization SMA N 4 Lubuklinggau Dear Santah We invite you to attend our meeting to discuss about the preparation of class meeting completion. The meeting will be held : Day/date : Wednesday, 15 June 2023 Time : at 10.00 a.m Place : at Osis room Please come on time. See you there Sisi Andi Secretary Chairperson The Example of Formal Invitation Reading
Generic Structure of informal invitaition : The name of the person who invited The day and date The time The Inviter The occasion for invitation The place To : Rahma Would you like to come to my birthday party? The party will be held : Day/date : Thursday, June 20th 2023 Time : 08:00 a.m. Place : at my house No meaning without your coming. Your best friend Nitania The Example of Written Informal Invitation Reading
Listen and repeat the following sentences! The expression spoken invitation to invite someone : • Would you like to …..? • Could you come to …..? • I’ll really happy if you come to ….. • I’m sure that you won’t disappoint me to come to….. The expression accepting a spoken invitation : • Thank you for inviting me. • I would • That would be very nice. • I’d love to come. • That’s fine. • Sure, why not. The expression declining a spoken invitation : • I am sorry, I don’t think I can. • I’d like to, but ….. • Thank you for asking me, but ….. • Unfortunately, I can’t ….. Listening
Invitation to Dinner Joko : Would you like to come over for dinner tonight? Yeni : Thank you I’d love to. Would you like me to bring something. Joko : No, nothing, just come. Yeni : Ok. What time? Joko : AT 7 p.m Yeni : Ok see you there Invitation to the grand opening ABC software company Ariyanto : Mr. Budi, I would like to invite you to the opening of my software company. Mr. Budi : When and where? Ariyanto : This Saturday at 10 a.m. Mr. Budi : I am afraid I won’t be able to come. I have prior engagement. The Example of Spoken Informal Invitation Speaking
Read the following text and then answer the question! 1. What kind of party held by Juwita? 2. Who is the name of the person who invited of the text above? 3. When will the party be held? 4. What kind of the text is it? 5. Where will the party be held? Dear my best friend, I would like to invite you to come to my wedding party. It will be held: Date : Sunday, September 28th, 2014 Place : Pancasila Building Bandar Lampung Time : 08.30 a.m. Hopefully you can come to my precious moment, your coming in my honor, Thank you very much for your coming. Your best friend Juwita Exercise Writing
We often encounter opinion texts in newspapers, product review texts in conveying opinions, the author's point of view or evaluating a problem/product to provide arguments or evidence to support opinions or judgments, analytical exposition text is one type of text that we can use to make opinion or provide a review of a product. Before we discuss analytical exposition text, we must first know what is analytical exposition text? Analytical exposition text is a type of text that aims to persuade the readers or listeners by presenting arguments and opinions A. What Is Analytical Exposition text?
in a logical and analytical manner. It provides a detailed analysis of a particular topic or issue, presenting evidence, examples, and logical reasoning to support a specific viewpoint or course of action. The structure of an analytical exposition text is the arrangement used in writing an exposition analysis text, to communicate the views or opinions of the author logically and persuasively to the reader. This structure usually consists of several sections that sequentially address the topic to be analyzed. B. Structure of Analytical Exposition text
1. Introduction: • An opening sentence that catches the reader's attention. • Presentation of issues or problems to be analyzed. • The thesis statement which describes the views or opinions of the author. 2. Argument : • Arguments that support the author's opinion. • Each argument is explained separately with relevant evidence or facts. 3. Explanation and Elaboration: • Detailed explanation of each argument that has been presented. • Use of examples, statistics or authoritative references to support arguments. 4. Reiteration of Thesis: • Reaffirmation of the thesis presented in the introduction. 5. Conclusion: • Summary of the arguments that have been presented. • Strong conclusions that strengthen the views or opinions of the author. Language features that are commonly used in analytical exposition text include:
1. Verbs of Opinion: Used to express personal opinion or refer to expert opinion. For example: believe, argue, suggest, claim, state, assert. 2. Present Tense (Presentation Tense): Used to give the impression of timelessness or general truth. For example: "The earth revolves around the sun." 3. Connectives (Conjunctions): Used to link between arguments and paragraphs. For examples: firstly, secondly, furthermore, in addition, however, on the other hand. 4. Generalized or Abstract Nouns: Used to convey arguments in general or abstract. For example: freedom, justice, equality, benefits, and drawbacks. Listen to the recording and put a tick ( ) next to the correct items, if you can’t find the items, write them down. The purpose of reading
C. Analytical Exposition Text Speaking
Practice in pairs and then answer the questions
1. What is the topic of the conversation above? 2. What do you think about the smoke free public places campaign? 3. What makes cigarette smoke dangerous?
Read the following article and answer the questions. Written Analytical Exposition
Really? Do you know where the dictionary is now? Yes, the dictionary was brought by Keita. Hi Sally! Did you see my dictionary on this table yesterday? Yes, I saw there was a dictionary yesterday. Listen to the dialogue read by your friends and understand the following conversation! LISTENING
A. Passive Voice Passive voice is a sentence whose subject is subject to a job or action from the verb. Learning the passive voice will not be separated from the active voice. following are the differences between the two: Table 4.1. Active and Passive Voice Active Voice Passive Voice Tells us a person or thing does. The subject performs the action (verb) on the object. Subject+ Verb+ Object Tells us what is done to someone or something. The subject is being acted upon. Object+ Verb+ Subject There are several things that must be considered in changing active sentences into passive sentences, namely as follows: 1. Intransitive verbs (verbs that don't need an object) cannot be used in passive sentences, for example: ➔ The girl slept in her room S P C ➔ He walks in front of the corridor 2. The change of active sentences into passivesentences follows the form of the tenses.
Passive Verb B. Steps to Change the Active Form to Passive Form To change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice: 1. The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence. 2. We change the main verb of the active voice sentence into the passive voice. The tense remains unchanged. 3. The subject of the active voice sentence becomes the agent of the passive sentence. It is placed after the past participle and it is preceded by the preposition by. Active: John paints the house Passive: The house is painted by John Passive verb Active: Dewi has typed the letters Passive: The letters have been typed by Dewi PASSIVE VOICE = TO BE/AUXILIARY VERB + PAST PARTICIPLE/V3
C. Passive Sentences Based on Tenses Table 4.1. Passive Voice Formula 1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Positive Passive Sentence Interogative Passive Sentence Subject + to be + V3 Am Is Are A: She Eats fried chicken P: Fried chicken is eaten by her To be + subject + V3 Am Is Are A: Does she eat fried chicken? P: Is fried chicken eaten by her? 2. SIMPLE CONTINUOUS TENSE Positive Passive Sentence Interogative Passive Sentence Subject +to be+ being +V3 Am Is Are A: You are learning English P: English is being learned by you To be+subject + being+V3 Am Is Are A: Do you learning English? P: Is English being learned by you? 3. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Positive Passive Sentence Interogative Passive Sentence Subject + to be + V3 Was Were A: She Ate manggoes P: Manggoes were eaten by her To be + subject + V3 Was Were A: Did she eat fried chicken ? P: Were manggoes eaten by her? 4. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Positive Passive Sentence Interogative Passive Sentence Subject + to be + being V3 Was Were A: Ray was painting the house P: The house was being painting by Ray To be + subject + being V3 Was Were A: Was Ray painting the house? P: Was the house being painting by Ray? 5. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Positive Passive Sentence Interogative Passive Sentence S +Have/has been+ V3 A: She has written the letter Have/has+subject+ been V3 A: Has she written the letter?
P: The letter has been written by her P: Has the letter been written by her? 6. PAST PERFECT TENSE Positive Passive Sentence Interogative Passive Sentence Subject + had been+ V3 A: He had said something P: Something had been said by him Had + subject + been V3 A: Had he said something? P: Had something been said by him? 7. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Positive Passive Sentence Interogative Passive Sentence Subject + will be + V3 A: Tobi will start this game P: This game will be started by Tobi Will + subject + be + V3 A: Will Tobi Start this game? P: Will This game be started by Tobi? A. Analyze the following types of sentences based on their tenses and change them into passive sentences! WRITING
1. A: They are putting the car away. P: Tense: 2. A: He carried the heavy box. P: Tense: 3. A: The salesman was helping the customer. P: Tense: 4. A: Tamada will try the chalange. P: Tense: 5. A: They have disscused the novel. P: Tense: 6. A: He had delivered the letters. P: Tense: 7. A: Robin answered the question easily. P: Tense: 8. A: Luffy drinks five glasses of orange juice. P: Tense: 9. A: The flies were covering the food on the table. P: Tense:
10. A: The farmers are not plowing the fields. P: Tense: B. Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice. 1. They will build a new bridge next year. _________________________________________ 2. Brian Brody directed The Ultimate Space Adventure. __________________________________________ 3. Pierre Matie will design her costume. __________________________________________ 4. Someone found my wallet. __________________________________________ 5. One of the students broke the window. __________________________________________ 6. They will deliver my computer on Monday. __________________________________________ 7. Mary invited Paul to her birthday party. __________________________________________ 8. British astronomers discovered a new planet. __________________________________________ 9. Someone stole Jim’s bike lat night. __________________________________________ 10. The police will arrest the robbers.. __________________________________________
C. Form the question. 1. Paper is made from wood. Is paper made from wood ? 2. The telephone was invented by Mr Bell. ? 3. This picture was painted by Peter. ? 4. The thieves will be arrested by the police. ? 5. Champagne is made in France. ? 6. The letters will be sent next week. ? 7. The animals are fed three times a day. ? 8. This article was written by Stanley. ? 9. CDs are made of plastic. ? 10. The party was organised by Paul. ?
A. Practice the following dialogue with your partner and analyze the tense of the passive voice in the following dialogue! Dialogue 1: Kay : Iva, do you want to go somewhere, wearing thatdress and heels? Iva : We were invited to the wedding of Galih and Ratna this evening, Kay. How come you’re noteven ready yet? Kay : Oh my God, I’m really forget that we were invited there. Okay, I will get ready now and wewill go immediately. SPEAKING Dialogue 2: Marie : Wow, your house is really great, Ann! It’s like anew house with this new door and bright paint color. Ann : The renovation was done entirely by my father, from changing the door to paint the wall. Marie : Your father has a great skill, then! The renovation was really well done, like the work of professionals.
Candra : Excuse me, do you mind if I’m (1)… you? Chef : Not at all. What can I do for you? Candra : Can you tell me what bread is (2) … from? Chef : Bread is made from wheat flour dough that is (3)… with yeast, allowed to rise, and finally in (4) … an oven. Candra : What about brown bread? Can you (5) … it? Chef : Brown bread can also refer to white bread with added coloring usually caramel. Candra : I would like to know about the serving. Could you (6) … it? B. Complete the dialog below by using the correct answer in the box! Dialogue 3: Mia : Tsumu, you look different today. Why didn't you wear your usual glasses? Atsumu : My usual glasses is being repaired in the optic. I broke the lenses yesterday. Mia : I hope the repair goes well and you can use your usual glasses again. Atsumu : Thank you, I hope so.
Chef : Bread can be (7) … at many temperatures. Once baked, it can be subsequently (8)…. Candra : is it possible to eat bread by itself? Chef : (9) … yes. It’s just based on the personal taste. For your additional information, bread may also be (10) … as an ingredient in other culinary preparation, such as the use of breadcrumbs to provide crunchy crust. be toasted definitely used cultured baked inform describe served interviewing made
A. Work in pairs. Underline the passive sentences in the text below! B. Find the passive sentences in the following text. Then using those sentences, construct the active sentences. Compare them by completing the following table. READING A TSUNAMI HIT There is very little warning before tsunamis hit. This means that people living in towns and villages on the coast do not have time to escape. Unfortunately, one of the biggest and worst effects of a tsunami is the cost to human life. Hundreds and thousands of people are killed by tsunamis. People may be instantly killed or drowned as water rushes on the land. Mentawai Islands was hit by a tsunami on Monday, 25 October 2010, triggered by a 7.2 magnitude earthquake. The quake was hardly felt because most residents were inside their homes due to rain. It was confirmed that more than 400 people were killed and 100 more missing. Many of the missing was swept out to sea.
Tense Subject Verb Others Simple past (passive) The quake was hardly felt Because the most recidents were inside their homes due to rain A tsunami warning that had been issued immediately after the temblor struck was lifted. The West Sumatra Disaster Mitigation Agency Operation Control Centre had not established a tsunami early warning system for Mentawai Islands, and even the most advanced equipment could not have processed warning signs fast enough to avoid disaster in the regency after the earthquake. As many as 2,000 families were displaced and 900 families in 22 villages were relocated 9 to 12 kilometers from their original homes.One family stated that they had stayed at an evacuation center for two months before moving into a house provided by the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) for three years before finally moving into their new home. They received cash aid only for the first year at the temporary house and after depended on aid given by local people to meet their needs. Today, this family has built a new life in their new home. They planted banana trees and taro for their own consumption and make extra money by catching fish in his old village. The relocation site is fertile, but limited land prevents them from earning more. They hope the government will soon give them additional land to farm and build a road to their old villages, which would be the best way to get them back on their feet.
Simple past (active) The most reciden ts hardly felt The quake because they were inside their homes due to rain Simple past (passive) Simple past (active) Simple past (passive) Simple past (active) Present perfect (passive) Present perfect (active)
Personal letters is a type of informal letters that contain personal information such as expressions of feelings, experiences, stories, or news about you. Personal letters can be written conversationally. They can be about anything you want. There are no rules about what you want to write. There are several types of personal letters as follows: https://images.app.goo.gl/HGvTL9iW6sX5hea49 A. What is a Personal Letter? B. Types of Personal Letter Reading
A. C. Please Say Format of a Personal Letter! Greeting Date Introduction Body Conclusion Signature Speaking
1. Rewrite the following statements into a meaningful personal letters! a. How are you? I hope you and your family are fine. My family and are fine too. b. Dear Evan, c. Do you have any plans to visit me? I hope to hear from you soon. d. Raka e. Your loyal friend, f. August 21st g. Thank you for the bag you sent me. I like it very much. However my sister says shouldn't wear it to school because it is very big. My sister is the best but sometimes feel that she talks too much. D. Exercise of Personal Letters B. Writing
2. You will hear Sammy reading an e-mail from his father. Scan the QR code on the side. Fill in the blanks! My Dear Son, I was very (1)……. yesterday. I only saw your e-mail this morning. Are you sure you want to work with children after (2)………. Your master’s degree? Last month, you wanted to be a businessman. Two weeks ago, you wanted to be a (3)………. Last week, you wanted to be a famous designer. I suggest you read “Seven Choices for success and (4)……..,” written by Dr. Nido R. Qubein. He is the (5)……… of many best-selling books and one of the most sought-after speakers in the United States. Besides that, he is also the (6)…….. of Great Harvest Bread and the President of High Point University in High Point, North Carolina. I hope that how he got to where he is today will (7)….. you . I’II be back home next (8)………, so we can talk about this further then. Love, Dad Listening
‘ Cause and effect is a sentence that is constructed by involving an action that makes something happen and the result of that action. Cause and effect itself is more often used in writing essays or explanatory texts. Cause and Effect Have you ever heard of the theory of cause and effect? Yep, people usually call it the domino effect, or what you do will definitely have an impact. Well, the material is also studied in English, it is called cause and effect. Let’s learn about it! B. Characteristics of cause and effect A. Definition of cause and effect Reading
Cause and effect in a sentence have characteristics that will make it easy for you to identify them; here are the characteristics of cause and effect: Cause Effect The reason why something happens The result for an action To find a cause, ask: why it happened? To find an effect, ask: what happened? Always happens first Happens doe to a cause Example: I left my ice cream in the park during the summer The ice cream melted Why the ice cream melted? What happened if you left the ice cream in the park during the summer?
We can easily identify sentences that contain cause and effect if the sentence contains words or phrase. Pay attention to the signal word below: ➔ I left my ice cream in the park during the summer so the ice cream melted. ➔ The ice cream melted because I left it in the park during the summer. Signal word: a. Cause → because b. Effect → so FORMULA Because Since As a result C. Signal Word Because of So Due to As a consequence of Cause and effect + nouns Cause and effect + Subject/verb Signal word + cause + comma + effect Or Effect + signal word + cause
If the signal word is located at the beginning of the sentence we need to add a comma (,) but, if the signal word is in the middle we don’t need to use a comma. Example: 1. Because I like to reading books, I have a lot of knowledge. or I have a lot of knowledge because I like to reading books. ➔ Signal word: because ➔ Cause: like to reading books ➔ Effect: have a lot of knowledge. 2. He is always late because of his gaming habits ➔ Signal word: because of ➔ Cause : his gaming habits ➔ Effect: He is always late