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{H$Vm~ Io Vmbr_r gmb 2019-20 Im§ _wp™Vga Vm¡a _ݵOyar {Sš>Zr doB© Amho.
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dmao Q.R. Code µO[aEo Digital Xgu {H$Vm~ E| g~µH${Z gm§ bmJšmnmo
aI§X‹S> n‹T>U / n‹T>mBU bmB H$mamB{V`y§ qbŠg {_b§{X`y§.
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g^w hµH$ dmñVm _hµ\y$µOw Am{h{Z. {hZ {H$Vm~ Omo H$mo {~ Qw>H$é S>m`oaŠQ>a, _hmamï´> amÁ`
nmR²>`nwñVH$ _§S>b Or {b{I`b BOmµOV Im§ gdmB IUr ZWmo g{KOo.
qgYr ^mfm g{_{V E| Aä`mg JQ> g{_{V
· S>m°. X`mb "Amem' (g^mnVr) · lr JmodY©Z Zm_Xod e_m© "Km`b', _oå~a
· lr AemoH$ H$_bXmg _wŠVm, _oå~a · Hw$_mar amOolr OšoR>mZ§X Q>oH$M§XmUr, _oå~a
· lr_Vr _ram§ _hoe {JXdmUr, _oå~a · lr A{_V JmoqdXam_ am_M§XmUr, _oå~a
· lr_Vr H$mOb AZrb am_M§XmUr, _oå~a · S>m°. d§XZm AemoH$ am_dmUr, _oå~a
· lr {dO` amOHw$_ma _§JbmUr, _oå~a · S>m°. ~šbXod ~™VamB _Q>bmUr, _oå~a
_w»` H$mo. AmS>uZoQ>a : lr_Vr àmMr a{dÝÐ gmR>o
g§`moOH$ : lr_Vr Ho$VH$s OmZr, BÝMmO© {deof A{YH$mar qgYr
g§`moOH$ ghm` : lr_Vr JrVm JUoe R>mHw$a, H$m°nr amB©Q>a, qgYr
Q>mB©n goqQ>J : gV²Zm_ gmIr, CëhmgZJa, Hw$_mar _ram§ Mmdbm
{Z{_©Vr : lr g{MÎmmZ§X Am\$‹S>o, _w»` {Z{_©Vr A{YH$mar
lr amOoÝÐ qMXaH$a, {Z{_©Vr A{YH$mar
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H$mµJµO : lr {ddoH$ CÎm_ Jmogmdr
qàqQ>J AmS>©a nmR²>`nwñVH$ {Z{_©Vr _§S>b
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VBbr_ Om _µŠgX ~agdm~ {W`U bmB _mñVa Or ^y{_H$m Ah_² Amho. VBbr_ Omo dmñVmo {gYmo
{µOÝXJrA gm§ Amho. Bhm C_oX Wr H$Oo V em{J©X hm{gb H$`b B{b_ E| OšmU n§qhOr {µOÝXJrA _| _wZm{g~
Z_yZo H${_ AmUo. n§qhOr {µOÝXJr bmB VaµH$s H$ao g_mO Sš>m§hþ§ n§qhOo µ\$µO©{Z Omo nmbZw H$ao. BZ H$ao _mñVa
Io Bhmo _yb _µH$gX nyamo H$aU _| BãVXmB© {hgoXma {W`Uw Kw[aOo.
XOm} `mhm], `wdH$ ^maVr qgYr {H$Vm~w ZE§ Aä`mg H«$_ _yOw~ R>m{h`mo d`mo Amho. VBbr_r g¥îVo _|
Bhmo {Q>`m| Sš>mH$mo Amho. àmB_ar E| goH§$S>ar Im§ nmoB em{J©X hm`a goH§$S>ar _| Xm{˜b {W`{Z Wm. {O{Z n§qhOo
ñHy$br Xm¡a _| H$Sš>qh {~ qgYr ~šmobrA Omo Aä`mg Z H$`mo hþOo, BÝh{Z em{J©X{Z Sš>m§h§ _mñVa{Z Or ˜mg
{µO_odmar ah§Xr. XO} `mh] {H$Vm~ _| {Sš>Zbw _dmXw em{J©X ML>rA Vah g_wPo, {Sš>Zb _eµJy{b`y§ ny[a`y§ H$aU
_| µH$m{~b hþO{Z "nmU H$[a`m§ nmU {gIm§' _Vo Vo hbr VBbr_ Omo {hHw$ ZAm| AmµO_yXmo dR>{Z, BÝh{Z
g{^Zr H«$`mC{Z _| _mñVa{Z Io AJšamo ahUmo Amho. Am{h‹S>m ~šma OoHo$ qgYr ~šmobr H$Sš>qh {~ Z {g{I`m
Am{h{Z `m A{h‹S>m ~šma {O{Z Omo qgYr ~šmobrA _| KUmo dmhnmo {W`bw Z hþOo, BÝh{Z ~šma{Z Io goImaU
bmB _mñVa ho{R> {Sš>Zb {hXm`Vy§ AVmV H§$Xm.
1. ~šmb^maVr qgYr XOm} n{h[a`m| E| {gÝYw ^maVr XOm} n§Om| (Aa~r E| XodZm{Jar) BÝh{Z {H$Vm~{Z Or
_XX dR>r ~šma{Z Io qgYr hµ\©$, gm¡bm bµâµO g_Pm`mo.
2. gm¡bm bµâµO, gm¡bm Ow_bm goImao nmoB n‹T>U E| {bIU Omo Aä`mg H$am`mo.
3. amoµOmZo dqhdma _| H$_w BªX‹S> bµâµO{Z Or OšmU {Sš>`mo.
4. qgYr {Sš>U{Z Or OšmU {Sš>`mo.
5. qgYr ImYm, arVy§ añ_y§ nwN>mo E| CÝh{Z Vo Šbmg _| ~hg H$am`mo.
6. ^m{Oš`y§, OmZda, Sš>th§, _hZm, AmoµOma, dmhU, a§J BÝh{Z ~m~{V OšmU {Sš>`mo.
7. {gÝYr AX~ Oy§ em˜y§ {_gmb boI, H$hmUr, ZmQ>H$, emBar BÝh{Z ~m~{V OšmU {Sš>`mo. `wdH$ ^maVr
{H$Vm~ _| {hHw$ ˜mgw ^mL>mo "AX~' {gao gm§ {Sš>Zb Amho O§qh _| ~šmobr E| ZmQ>H$ ~m~{V KUo µH$Xwa kmZ
{Sš>Zb Amho. O§qh Omo A_br Aä`mgw H$aUmo Amho.
8. ha g~µH$ Im§ nmoB {Sš>Zb _íµJy{b`y§ nmU g_wPmE em{JX©{Z Im§ H$am`mo. gm{JšE dµŠV J«wn R>hamE
em{JX©{Z Im§ Z`y§ _eµJy{b`y§ Omo‹S>m`mo.
9. Z§T>r {gVh Vo JšmëhmBU Oo bµâµO{Z Or OšmU {Sš>`mo.
10. ˜mgw bµâµO{Z Vo µOê$a Aä`mgw H$am`mo. Ah{‹S>`y§ _íµJy{b`y§ gwµ\o$ 82 Im§ 88 "qdXwa' {gao ho{R> "AIa
Or am§{X' {Sš>Zb Am{h{Z. {_gmb : O, Oš, µO, µ\$, \$ gm§ ewê$ WtX‹S> bµâµO.
E
àñVmdZm
ß`mam em{JX© XmoñVmo,
Vìhm§ g{^Zr Omo XO} `mh] _| gwdmJVw Amho. BZ Im§ AJšx Vìhm§ JwµO[a`b XO©{Z _| qgYr Hw$_ma^maVr / {gÝYw ^maVr Bho
{H$Vm~ n{‹T>`m Am{h{Z. `wdH$ ^maVr, XOm} `mhm], Bhmo {H$Vm~ Vìhm§ Oo hW{Z _| Sš>tXo Agm§ Io ~oh{X ˜wer Wr ahr Amho.
~X{b`b Aä`mg H«$_ Omo _µŠgXw Amho V AOšx Or MoQ>m^oQ>rA dmao µO_mZo _| em{JX© Omo Mm¡Vaµ\$s {dH$mg {WE E| OwXm
OwXm {b`mµH$Vw{Z _| hÿ µH$m{~b ~UO{Z OrA§ hÿ kmZdmZ ~UOo E| g§ñH$mar {dMma aIr Xoe Om AmXe© ZmJ[aH$ ~UOr gK{Z.
H§$qh {~ g_mO Or gä`Vm CZOr _mÌ^mfm µO[a`o µOm{ha WtXr Amho, ~šmobr g{^Zr {df`{Z Omo _w»` _aH$µO Amho.
{gIU-goImaU VaVr~ _| kmZ Omo‹S>OH$ dmX, _íµJy{b`w{Z Vo _Xma aI§X‹S> emZXma Aä`mg H«$_ Om Sš>mH$m Ü`mZ _|
aI§Xo BZ Xgu {H$Vm~ Or aMZm H$B© doB© Amho.
Xgu {H$Vm~ _| {Sš>Zb g~µH$ n‹T>r, CÝh{Z A§Xa g_m`b _w™Vbµ\$ {df`{Z Io g_Pr kmZ hm{gb H$ao V˜brµH$s gmoMo
n§qhOr ~šmobrA _| drMma µOm{ha H$aU Omo _m¡µH$mo {Sš>Zbw Amho.
Xgu {H$Vm~ _| amoµOmZmo {gIU Io {h_WmBU bmB bmB~«oar, BÝQ>aZoQ>, àMma \$hbmC _mÜ`_, BÝh{Z _m§ hm{gb WtX‹S>
kmZ Io _wZm{g~ Z_yZo BñVo_mb H$aU, OwXm OwXm {b`mµH$Vy§ dYmBU, nmU B©-_ob ãbmJ V¡`ma H$aU, Abh¡{X`y§ _íµJy{b`y§,
àmoOoŠQ>, {bIU Or µH$m~{b`V dYmBU A{h‹S>m {df` ~˜y~r {Sš>Zb Am{h{Z.
gmJšo Z_yZo dYrH$ OšmU hm{gb H$aU bmB Xgu {H$Vm~ Oo n{ha| gwµ\o$ Vo Š`y.Ama H$moS> µO[aE {S>OrQ>b Xgu {H$Vm~ _|
g~µH${Z hdmbo {gIU-goImaU VaVr~ bmB H$_mBVmo AmS²>`mo-{dµÁ`yAb gm{hË` {~ _oga Wr gK§Xmo OoH$mo ˜mVarA gm§
Aä`mg H$aU _| H$mam`Vmo WtXmo.
BZ Xgu {H$Vm~ Omo Aä`mg H$ao ˜~y AmZX§ dR>mo E| {H$Vm~ ~m~{V nq§ hOm am`m Agm§ Io Oµ ê$a ~Yxš mBXª m. Vìhm§ g{^Zr Io
V_m_ K{U`y§ ew^ H$m_ZmD§$.
nUw o (S>m°. gwZrb _Ja)
Vmar˜ : 20-6-2019 g§MmbH$
^maVr` gy`© Vmar˜ : 30 OšoR> 1941
_hmamîQ´> amÁ` nmR²>`nwñVH$ {Z{_©{V d
Aä`mgH«$_ g§emoYZ _§S>b, nwUo
Bb_r {b`mµH$V
~šxYUw
· H$m°boO, Ka, nm‹S>mo E| g_mO _| _w˜Vbµ\$ h§Y{Z Vo WtX‹S> Obg{Z dµJ¡ah _| OwXm OwXm _mÊhþ{Z
(OšmVb / AU OšmVb), ZoVmC{Z Oy§ VµH$arê§$ ~šxYUw.
· Am{S>`mo Q>on, Q>r.dr, ao{S>`mo dgrbo _mXar ~šmobr E| µJ¡a _mXar ~šmo{b`w{Z _| Zdm§ bµâµO ~šxYUw.
· Šbmg _| Vmo‹S>o ~šm{ha OwXm OwXm {df`{Z Vo WtX‹S> ~hg _w~mhg{Z _| {~š`{Z Om drMma ~šxYUw.
· XñVyar {H$Vm~{Z _| Am`b gm{hË` Oo _w»` A§J{Z Zgwé E| ZµÁ_ _| ght CMma ~šxYUw, Xgu
{H$Vm~{Z Im§ gdmB dYrH$ gm{hË` n‹T>U Or MmhZm n¡Xm H$aUw.
· µJµOb, ~oV, eBa, Xmohm, é~mB`y§, ^OšZ, JrV ~šxYU E| g§X{Z bwVµ\w$ dR>Uw.
· Am_ OJš{h`w{Z Vo WtX‹S> KmofUmD§$ ~šxYUw E| g_PUw.
· Abh¡X{Z gmhdma{Z E| gmµO{Z Om AmdmµO ~šxYr gwÄmmUUw.
· AX~r E| µJ¡a AX_r ~šmobrA _| µ\$µH©$ g_Pr gKUw.
F
· ~šxYb AmdmµO _m§ JšmëhmBªX‹S> Omo ^md g_PUw.
JšmëhmBUw
· ghr CMma _wZm{g~ bmhr Mm‹T>r, AmdmµO Omo _mXmo E| _µH$Xma Ü`mZ _| aIr bµâµO JšmëhmBUw.
· Šbmg _| Vmo‹S>o Šbmg Im§ ~šm{ha WtX‹S> _w˜Vbµ\$ {df`{Z Vo ~hg _w~m{hg H$aU Or µH$m~{b`V
hþAUw.
· bmJšmnmo aI§X‹S> Vmo‹S>o µJ¡a bmJšmnmo aI§X‹S> bµâµO{Z dgrbo H$hmUr `m dmµH$mo ~šxYmBUw.
· n§qhOmo am`mo VwµO E| _wZm{g~ bµâµO{Z _| A{Jš`m§ aIUw.
· VµH$ara H$aU Or µH$m~{b`V hþAUw.
· AbJš AbJš hmbVw{Z _| _wZm{g~ drMma noe H$aU Or µH$m~{b`V hþAUw.
· C_«, ZmVmo, {OÝg, AXXw Or g_P aIr JšmëhmBUw.
· ghr bµâµO{Z Or My§S> E| AmdmµO Oo OwXm OwXm A§XmµO{Z Or OšmU hþAUw.
{_gmb : ao{S>`mo ñQ>oeZ, Q>obrµ\$moZ, ñQ>oO dµJ¡ah Vo JšmëhmBU.
· Jwµ\$VJy H$aU E| Ý`mnm {Sš>`U Or µH$m~{b`V hþAUw.
· n§qhOo e™gr AmµO_yX{Z Io ~šxYmBU Or µH$m~{b`V hþAUw.
· ZmQ>H$ _| _wZm{g~ AXmH$marA Or OšmU hþAUw.
n‹T>Uw
· Zmå`ma{Z boIH${Z E| emBa{Z Oo Ord{Z`w{Z E| aMZmC{Z ~m~{V OšmU hm{gb H$aUw.
· qgYr AX~ Or ML>r MmoIr gwÄmmUn aIr Xgu E| µJ¡a Xgu aMZmC{Z Omo ñdmX dR>Uw.
· A˜~ma, àMma, XñVmdoµO, _¡µ½µOZ, ˜V, Eg.E_.Eg, _m°ZrQ>a ñH«$sZ, ~¡Zg©, Am_ OJš{h`w{Z
Vo {Sš>Zb {hXm`Vy§ dµJ¡ah g_P gm§ n‹T>Uw.
· OwXm OwXm {df`{Z Or OšmU hW H$aU bmB BÝQ>aZoQ> E| {~š`{Z dgrb{Z Omo Cn`moJ H$aUw
AMUw.
· n‹T>U dµŠV _wZm{g~ ~rhH$ Oy§ {Zem{Z`y§, CMma, _wZm{g~ bmhr Mm‹T>r E| gwa Vmb BñVo_mb
H$aUw.
· _wµH$aa dµŠV _| {Sš>Zbw Qw>H$é n‹T>U Or µH$m~{b`V hþAUw.
· "N>m n‹T>Uw KwaOo' BZ Or g_P hþAUw.
· {S>ŠeZarA Omo ghr BñVo_mb H$aUw AMUw.
{bIUw
· {bIU Oo µH$m`Xo Io g_PU E| CÝh{Z Or nmoBdmar H$aUw.
· ~oV, boI, OwXm OwXm {df`{Z Vo drMma, ˜V {bIU Or µH$m~{b`V hþAUw.
· {bIU _| _wZm{g~ h§Y{Z Vo BñVbmh, nhmH$m, a§JrZ {µO~mZr, ghr J«m_a BñVo_mb H$aU Or
µH$m~{b`V hþAUw.
· S>m`ar {bIU Or H$bm E| AmXV n¡Xm H$aUw.
· ~šxYb, {Sš>R>b, dmµH$m, e™gr AmµO_yXm n§qhO{Z bµâµO{Z _| AgamBVo Z_yZo {bIUw.
J«m_a
· {µOX, BñVbmh Ow_b{Z _| H$_w AmUUw, µO_mZ E§ CZ Om {µH$ñ_, Bñ_ _m§ gwµ\$V, gmJšr _mZm
dmam bµâµO, Zgar ê$n, {OÝg _Q>m`mo E| AXXw ~Xbm`mo.
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µ\${hagV
Zgwé
1) _w§qhOmo VOw~m} B©ídar OmoVdmUr 1
2) _{h_mZw `m Ow{R> gamoO Jmonmb ^madmUr 6
3) A{˜bmµHw$ _Zmohé {ZhmbmUr 10
4) XmXm OeZ dmgdmUr S>m°. X`mb "Amem' 14
5) g_PmoVmo _Zmohé MwKw 19
6) A_wëh gm¡µJmV -------- 24
7) {_b{H$`V B©ída M§Ð 28
8) V_mHw$ `m {ghV gånmXH$ _§S>b 35
9) gmUoh Or {gH$ boIamO "AµOrµOw' 39
10) Z I{g`mo _w§qhOmo ˜µOmZmo --------- 43
ZµO_
1) nrarA Omo ào_w H$_b "ß`mgr' 49
2) gm_rA Om gbmoH$ gm_r M¡ZamB bw§Sw> 52
3) gw{hUr Vw§qhOr gy§h§ bú_U Xw~o 55
4) µJµObw hÿ§XamO "XwIm`b' 58
5) Ino Wr JmodY©Z e_m© "Km`b' 61
6) H$mo H$sA§ Mdo gMb gmBª 64
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1) ~šmobr nmonQ>r hramZ§XmUr 71
2) a{I‹S>r 74
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u 1. _w§qhOmo VOw~m}o v
w Bí© dar OmVo dmUr x
B©ídar OmoVdmUr (1930 - 2013) nyZm _| g|Q> _ram Jb©g H$m°boO Or boŠMaa hþB©. hþZ Om {H$Vm~ Am{h{Z
"Cëµ\$V Or AmJ', "_wh~V Omo Ë`mJšx', "_hmdra AO©wZ' E| "^rf_ {nVm_h'. hþZ Oy§ H$hm{U`y§ E| boI
A˜~mé{Z E| _™µOZ{Z _| em`B WtXm hþAm.
{hZ aMZm _| AmXe© _mñVa Or g_wPmUr {Sš>Zb Amho.
nm{H$ñVmZ Im§ nmoB _m§ nyZm _| Am`{g E| gmBH$mbm°Or hÿ§Xmo hþAmo. BÝhr {hgm~ gm§ _m§ g_Pm§
dm{T>`m H$m°boO _| Xm{˜b {W`{g. CVo hm°ñQ>b _| Wr V _mC Im§ dYrH$ Q>rMa Omo Agé ~šma Vo dYrH$
ah§Xo _y§ ~å~B© `y{Zd{g©Q>rA _| ~r.E. (AmZg©) nmg ndo Wmo.
H$B© E| nmoB 1955 _| AÜ`m{nH$m Wr H$_w H$`w{_ E|
{nU E_.E. BåVhmZ {~ nyZm `y{Zd{g©Q>rA _m§ nmg ""N>mo! Ka _| H$mo A{h‹S>mo àmãb_ Amho N>m?
H$`w{_. _m§ _¡{Q´>H$ Šbmg Io qgYr nm‹T>tXr hþA{g E| Omo Vìht Io{g _XX ZWm H$ao gKmo?'' _y§ Ab~V
{~š`{Z {Q>{Z Šbmg{Z Io g§ñH¥$V goImatXr hþA{g. _w§V{µOé Wr nw{N>`mo.
_w§qhOo Šbmg _| AQ>H$b Q>rh n§OQ>rh em{JX© hÿ§Xm
hþAm. N>moH$am E| N>moH$[a`y§ ~šoB© hþAm. CÝh{Z em{JX©{Z ˜mgw àmãb_ H$mÝho. µ\$µH${V Om{M`mo AW{_
_| {hH$‹S>mo hmo Jmoq~Xw. N>moH$amo, Omo {Sš>gU Omo R>mhÿH$mo V OSš>qh _w§qhOmo KmoQw> {~š`{Z nwQ>{Z gm§ J{Sš>Or Jšmpëh
E| µH$X ~wV _| gwR>r ep™g`V dmamo hmo. H$n‹S>m dµJ¡ah ~šmopëh H§$Xmo Amho V Jmoq~X Io OšUw AHo$bmo H$ao
{~ gwR>m E| T>§J gm§ nmBªXmo hmo. µH$_rµO Omo H$m°ba N>Sš>tXm Am{h{Z. N>mo V hÿ Z§T>mo nwQw> Amho E| {~š`mo V
b{‹S>`bw `m BñÌr Z {W`b, H$Sš>qh Z {Sš>R>mo_m§{g. hÿ CZ Sš>m§hþ§ Ü`mZw K{Q> AW{g. hÿ§ n§qhOo Y§Yo Ym‹S>rA Oo
N>moH$amo {hH$ Jšmpëh _| {~š`{Z Im§ AëhXmo bJš§Xmo Jšmpëh`w{Z _| _íµJyb Wr dÄm{Z. BÝhrA H$ao Jmoq~X
hmo. N>mo V hÿ Cg Omo Q>monbmo µOê$a nmBªXmo hmo, OSš>qh Io {Sš>gm§ Wr V Io{g AMr A{hgmg-E-H$_Var
Šbmg Im§ ~šm{ha d|Xmo hmo. Šbmg _| Sš>mT>mo Jw_ gw_ E| n¡Xm Wr Amho. H§$qh Jšmpëh _| {XbMñnr ZWmo Sš>oImao,
n§qhOr B© YwZ _| bJš§Xmo hmo. JšmëhmBªXmo {~ K{Q> hmo. Z ImBU nrAU _| E| Z am§{X`w{Z ê§${X`w{Z _|. O§qh
Io{g AUbImo OmMtXo _{hgygw {W`w{_ V {hZ Io bmB _y§ Io {MÝVm Wr noB© Amho. _X© V Bhm Jšmpëh
{_‹S>oB© A{hgmg-E-H$_Var Amho. Ho${Vam Xµ\$m V g_P{Z ZWm. _y§Io AOšx Vìhm§ gm§ JSš>OU Omo drMma
Mwn Mmn n{hat µH$Vma _m§ CWr nw{R>`m§ AmIat µH$Vma Am`m.o Vìht {hZ ~mš a Io V_m_w gRw >mo ZJadmgr ~UmE
_| ˜mbr OmB Vo dohr ah§Xmo hmo. {hH$ Sš>th§ g§X{g gKmo Wm. _w§qhOmo Bhmo {dídmg, {hH$ Q>rMa Oo ZmVo
_mVm _y§ gm§ JSš>OU AmB©. _y§Io M`mBª V _{ha~mZr Amho.
H$ao Jmoq~X gm§ Wmoamo ß`ma ^[a`mo dh§dmé H$[a`mo E|
h{Q>H§$Xo M`mBª Wmoamo ˜mgw Ü`mZw aImo{g. _y§ AO~ hZþ Or Jmš pëh ~Yxš r _§y I{o g {XbXmar S>štXo M`m,o
_m§ Sš>m§hþ§{g {Zhm[a`mo. _w§qhOy§ gdmbr {ZJmhÿ§ {Sš>gr ""{µ\$H«$ Z H$[a _m§ H$mo{ee H§$Xw{g!''
M`mBª H§$qh d{µŠV Hw$Pw Wmoamo Agm} _y§ {nUw Q>rMa Wr
H$_w H$`mo hmo. Hw§$dmao hÿ§Xo ~r.E _| _w§qhOmo {hH$ {df` CZ Sš>th§ Im§ nmoB _m§ Jmoq~X _| Mmhþ dR>U
bJš{g. _y§ {hHw$ VOw~m} H$aUw {WE Mm{h`mo V
AÜ`mnH$ Omo ß`mé E| Ü`mZw ~šma _| H${h‹S>mo ~{XbmC
AmUo gKo Wmo. BVµ\$mµHw$ A{h‹S>mo {W`mo Omo {hH$ Xµ\o$
Šbmg _| H$mo em{JXw© Mmoar H§$Xo n{H${‹S>Or n`mo.
1
em{JX© CZ N>moH$ao Io g™V gµOm {Sš>`U bmB dmH$m Jmoq~Xw Q>monbo g_oV n[a`m§ ~mµJ Or OšUw MH$mg H$ao
H$aU bJšm. _y§ Amo{MVmo Jmoq~X Io _w˜m{V~ Wr M`mo a{h`mo hm.o _§y `H$X_ I{o g gS>šo M`m,o ""Jmqo ~X! BÝhrA
""BZ hmbV _| Vy§ OoH$a N>m H$at Jmoq~X.'' Jmoq~Xw H$moQ> gyQ> E| Q>monbo gm§ V Vy§ OšUw àmoµ\o$gé n`mo bJšt.''
n{hat V h¡amZ Wr d`mo. na nmoB hmbV g_Pr g§X{g Jmoq~X Im§ Iw{b`mo Q>{hHw$$ {ZH$ar d`mo E| hÿ {Zhm`V
{X_mµJw gmoMU bJšmo. gmo{MU ewê$ H$`mBª E| dmh Omo ˜y~gyaV {WE bJšmo. {hH$X_ Q>monbmo _Wo Vm§ bmho
µ\¡${gbmo ~šxYm`mBª. M`mBª, ""{Sš>gU _| AMo Wmo V hþZ hW _| Pbo A{Jš`m§ AMr M`mBª, ""µ\$_m©`mo H$mo ˜mgw
H§$qh _{O~yarA g~{~ Mmoar H$B© Amho. gmo Oo Iwb_ H$_?w ''
Iwbm _m°µ\$s Kwao Wmo V BhmB© g§X{g dSš>r gµOm Amho.
BÝhrA H$ao I{o g g{w YaU bmB {hH$w dPw {S>š`Uw S>šmT>mo {~bHw$b hmUo Vy§ Bhmo Q>monbmo _Wo Vo ^br nmB
gwR>mo WtXmo.'' AO~w bJšx{_ Omo gOšmo Šbmg Jmoq~X E| dÄmr nmUrA Or Vbme H$[a. {H$Wo Z {H$Wo {hZ
gm§ gh_V {W`mo E| Jmo{~ÝX Io em~mg - em~mg ~mµJ Omo _mëhr doR>mo hÿ§XwB E| {nUw Amµ\$sg {~ {H$Wo
MdU bJšm. Jmoq~X Oo A{I`w{Z _| M_H$ AMr µOê$a hÿ§Xr.
doB©! _y§ Chm M_H$ {Sš>R>r E| g_P`w{_ V VO~} Or
Sš>mH$U Vo n{h[a`m| µH$X_ M‹T>r MwH$s Am{h`m§. hmUo ""Amo Ho$! XmXr {µ\$H«$ Z H$[a`mo _m§ nmUrA
_m§ Jmoq~X Im§ VH$ama Om Z§T>m dSš>m H$_ H$amBªXr {~Zm Z _moQ>§Xw{g.''
hAþ {g E| I{o g ApñgQ>Q§ > _mZ° rQ>a Omo XOm} S>šBo © N>{S>š`m.o
hþZ _| OšUw ZBª OmZ AMr doB©. qµOXJrA _| Mmhþ _y§ a{‹S> H$ao M`mo, ""B©E| Z! Vy§ dmng µOê$a
dYU bJšx{g. ñHy$b Oo haH§$qh àmoJ«m_ _| C{^`w{Z _moQ>§X|.'' bo{H$Z BZ Im§ AJšx hÿ dSš>m dSš>m µH$X_ IUr
Iw{‹S>`w{Z Vo ~rhr _XX H§$Xmo hmo. ˜~a n`{_ V A{Jš`m§ h{b`mo d`mo.
am§{X`w{Z _| {nUw ~ohX hmo{e`mé Amho. N>mo{H$[a`w{Z
Vmo‹S>o N>moH$a{Z gm§ h_XXuA gm§ noe AMr Io{Z ghr Agt nmU _| CÝhrA Jmqo ~X Or MMm© H$ao a{h`m
Z_yZo _| am§{X goImaU bmB V`ma Wr d|Xmo hmo. _y§ _| hþAmgt, V hþZ _| Ho${Vamo Z \o$amo AMr d`mo Amho. hÿ
hþZ Omo Sš>mT>mo {dídmg hmo, O§qh {dídmg A{JšVo hbr V {bH$bw bmbw Amho. {hZ bmB H$m{~ Jšmpëh
BµOV E| ß`ma Omo ê$n d[aVmo. htAa Io{g H$m {~ Zm_w_{H$Z H$sZ Amho.
{XµH$V BªXr hþB©, Ka _| `m ~šm{ha, Mwn Mmn _y§ gm§
AMr hmbw Amao tXmo hm.o _m§ gX§ {g {Xb dR>X§ r E| _gBbo AQ>H$b AYw H$bmH$ A§Xa {Sš>gy§ V n[a`m§
Omo hbw JšmoëhU _| _XX H§$Xr hþA{g. Jmo{~ÝX nmUrA Omo dSš>mo _Q>H$mo {~šÝhr hW{Z _| Pbo
dY§Xmo n`mo AMo. `H$X_ ~š N>moH$am Io{g _XX H$aU
{hH$ Xµ\o$ ñHy$b Oo _¡{Q´>H$ Šbmg Io {npŠZH$ bmB A{JšVo Smo{‹S>`m. bo{H$Z hþZ nmU _Q>H$mo IUr
Vo dR>r d`mgt. Q>rh nO§ Q>rh {dÚmWu E| Mma AÜ`mnH$ AMr _w§qhOo A{Jš`m§ a{I`mo E| H$moQ> Oo Irg{Z _m§ ~š
J{Sš>Or d`mgt. I‹S>H$sA _| ~m°Q>ZrH$b ~mµJ Omo {Jbmg H$T>r daVmBª. g^w em{JX© Io{g dmh dmh
g¡é H$aU. Kw_r {\$ar CW`mgt V Mnmo Myamo H$aU H$ao damE d`m. hþZ {Z_«Vm gm§ M`mo V _m§ Amµ\$sg _|
Im§ AJšx g™V CÄm _{hgygw Wr. nE hoSš>m§hþ§ hmoSš>m§hþ§ dÄmr _¡ZoOa gm§ J{Sš>Or Io{g doZVr H$ao nmUr dR>r
{ZhmaU bJšmgt. Ho$ N>mo{H$[a`y§ nmUrA Or Vbme _| Am`{w g.
A{JšVo hbU b{Jš`y§ na nmUrA Omo nVmo ZXmaXw.
A{I`y§ _Wo IUr OrA§ gmåhÿ§ {Zhm[a`w{_ V {Sš>Rw>{_ ~g _y§Io V A{h‹S>r ˜wer Wr Omo _y§ {N>Ho$ IUr
Jmoq~X Io ^mHw$é nmVmo! Eo{Vao _| N>moH$am Io{g h§O _|
IUr dmh Jmo{~ÝX! dmh Jmo{~ÝX! MB© \o$am nmBU
bJšm. _w§qhOy§ A{I`y§ Am{b`y§ Wr do`y§ E| M`w{_ :
""_q§w hOmo VO~w m} H$må`m~w d`m.o ''
2
bµâµO{Z Omo ˜µOmZmo
Jw_ gw_ hþOUw = ~o gwa{V hþAUw {XbXmar = AmWVw
_w˜m{V~ {W`Uw = ê$~ê$ JšmpëhmBUw _wÝV{µOé = BÝVµOmé H§$X‹S>
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. {hH$ {~š{Z Ow_b{Z _| Odm~ {bImo :- (2) {gµ\$Vy§ {bImo :-
1) Jmoq~X {~š`{Z em{JX©{Z Im§ AbhXmo H$sA§ 1) ep™g`V ....................
hmo? 2) A{hgmgw ....................
2) bo{IH$m Io Jmoq~Xr Or _mC H${h‹S>mo AµO©w 3) _XX ....................
H$`mo? 4) Agé ....................
3) Jmo{~ÝX Omo {H$bmg _| H${h‹S>mo dh§dmé hÿ§Xmo 5) _{O~yar ....................
hmo? 6) qµOXJr ....................
4) bo{IH$m H${h‹S>mo VOw~m} H$aUw Wo Mm{h`mo? (3) {Sš>Zb {hXm`V _y{O~ µO_mZ ~Xbm`mo :-
5) ~šma {npŠZH$ Vo {H$Wo d`m hþAm? 1) _y§ Ab~V _wÝV{µOé Wr nw{N>`mo.
6) g^w ~mš a Jmqo ~X Or dmh dmh N>mo H$aU bJmš ? (µO_mZw hmb _| ~{Xbm`mo)
gwdmb 2. Wmo‹S>o _| Odm~ {bImo :- 2) _m§ H$mo{ee H§$X{g.
1) Jmoq~X Ka Oo H${h‹S>o _mhmob H$ao nmU Io (µO_mZw _mµOr _| ~{Xbm`mo)
AHo$bmo g_wP§Xmo hmo? 3) _mC Im§ dYrH$ Q>rMa Omo Agé ~šma
2) gµOm {Sš>`U ~m~V Jmoq~X H${h‹S>r amB {Sš>Zr? Vo dYrH$ ndo Wmo.
3) bo{IH$m Omo VOw~m} H$sA§ H$må`m~ d`mo? (µO_mZw _wñVµH$~b _| ~{Xbm`mo)
gwdmb 3. ho{R> {Sš>Zb Ow{_bm H§$qh H§$qhIo M`m 4) BhmB© g§X{g dSš>r gµOm Amho.
Am{h{Z?
(µO_mZw _mµOrA _| ~{Xbm`mo)
1) ""Omo Vìht Io{g _XX Z Wm H$ao gKmo?''
_íµJybr - 1
2) ""{µ\$H«$$ Z H$[a _m§ H$mo{e{e H§$X{g.''
3) ""{Sš>gU _| AMo Wmo V hþZ H§$qh _O~yarA
g~{~ Mmoar H$B© Amho.'' Qw>H$é n‹T>r A_br H$_ H$[a`mo :-
{hH$ Xµ\o$ ñHy$b _o _¡{Q´>H$ Šbmg ................
4) ''Vy§ dmng µOê$a _moQ>§X|.''
_w§qhOmo VOw~m} H$må`m~w d`mo.
gwdmb 4. (1) {µOX {bImo :- 1. Mm¡Hw§$S>o _m§ _wZm{g~ Odm~ Jšmoëho brH$ {Sš>Zb bµâµO
1) AbhXmo .................... ~Xam§ H$_w AmUo Ow{_bm dar {bImo.
2) ß`mé ....................
3) ˜mgw ....................
4) _íµJybw .................... {MÝVm, Jšmoëhm
{ZhR>mB©, g\$bw
5) hmo{e`mé ....................
6) AJxš ....................
3
1) _w§qhOmo VOw~m} H$må`m~w d`mo. 5. ~«¡Ho$Q> _| {Sš>Zb {hXm`V _yOw{~ Ow{_bm ~XbmE
2) XmXr {µ\$H«w$ Z H$[a`mo. {bImo :-
3) hþZ Z_«Vm gm§ M`mo. 1) hÿ dSš>m dSš>m µH$X_ IUr A{Jš`m§ h{b`mo d`mo.
(µO_mZw _wñVµH$~b _| ~Xbm`mo)
4) Ho$ N>mo{H$[a`y§ nmUrA Or Vbme _| A{JšVo hbU
2) _w§qhOy§ A{I`y§ Am{b`y§ Wr d`y§.
b{J`š .§y (µO_mZw hmb _| ~{Xbm`mo)
2. Qw>H$a _m§ ho{R> {Sš>Zb bµâµO{Z Om {µOX Jšmoëho {bImo:- 3) _m§ nmUrA {~Zm Z _moQ>§Xw{g.
(brH$ {S>šZb bâµ Oµ ~Xam§ "Vìhm'§ H${_ Am{U`m)o
1) _wpåH$Z ....................
4) hþZ _| Ho${Vamo Z \o$amo AMr d`mo Amho.
2) nmoB .................... (brH$ {Sš>Zb bµâµO ~Xam§ _wZm{g~ bµâµO H${_
Am{U`mo)
3) gOšmo ....................
6. XmXr E| Jmqo ~X {dM _| N>h{Z {gQ>w{Z _| J\µw $VJy {bIm:o -
4) K_§Sw> .................... 7. ""{h_WmBU gm§ Omoew \y$Ho$ g{KOo Wmo.'' BZ ~m~V
3. ho{R> {Sš>Zb Ow{_b{Z Omo {gb{gbmo R>mho {bImo :- n§qhOm drMma {bImo :-
1) em{JX©{Z Io g™V CÄm bJšr. 8. H§$qh H§$qh Io M`mo :-
1) µ\$a_m`mo! H$mo ˜mgw H$_w.
2) em{JX© {npŠZH$ Vo Kw_U d`m. 2) XmXr! {µ\$H«w$ Z H$[a`mo _m§ nmUrA {~Zm Z
_moQ>§Xw{g.
3) ~šma{Z Jmoq~X Or gmamh H$B©. 3) BE§ Z! Vy§ dmng µOê$a _moQ>§X|.
4) Jmoq~X! BÝhrA H$moQ> gyQ> E| Q>monbo gm§ V Vy§
4) Jmoq~X nmUr Am§Xmo. OšUw àmoµ\o$gé n`mo bJšt.
4. _wZm{g~ Odm~ Jšmoëho Mm¡Hw§$S>{Z _| {bImo :- 9. n§qhOo ñHy$br OrdZ Omo H$mo {~ {hH$ dmµŠAmo ~`mZ
{hHw$ {hÝXr bµâµOw H$[a`mo :-
~š A§J«oµOr bµâµO 10. n§qhOo XmoñV `m gmho‹S>rA Io A{hgmg H$_VarA
_m§ ~šm{ha H$T>U bmB Vìhm§ N>m H§$Xm?
Q>o Xµ\$m H$_w Am§Xb
bµâµO _íµJybr - 2
1) Vìhm§ n§qhOo ñHy$b `m H$m°boO _| {npŠZH$ Vo d`m.
h{o R>`m§ _Xw m BñV_o mb H$ao {hH$w Z{§ T>S‹ >mo \µ $w {Hµ $amo {bIm:o
Mma Bñ_ Ka _| V`mar, {npŠZH$ Omo h§Yw,
Vmar˜, am§{X`y§,
ZBª OJšh Omo AmµÁ_yXmo,
ghH$ma ^mdZm
4
2) Omo‹S>m {_bm`mo :- 1. _wå~B© {Z~mVmV ~mµJw {hHw$ VhµH$sµH$s _H©$µOw {~ Amho.
2. Abr~mµJ {dkmZ Om em{JX© CVo AMr Z`y§ Z`y§ ImoOZmD§$ H$ao
1. AOÝVm Eobmoam µJwµ\$mD§$ 3. _hm~boída gK{Z Wm. ñHy$b, H$m°boO Om em{JX© CVo AMr Zdm§
2. H$mabm µJwµ\$mD§$ 4. Am¡aJm§~mX Zdm§ ~o{_gb ~šzQ>m {Sš>gr Sš>mT>mo ˜we WtXm Am{h{Z E|
3. JoQ> do Am°µ\$ B§{S>`m 5. Zm{gH$ AU b^w OšmU hmgwbw H§$Xm Am{h{Z.
4. qghJš‹T> {µH$bmo 6. bmoZmdbm
5. nM§ JZr 7. nUw o g^ Im§ n{h[a`mBª {Z~mVmV ~mµJ `yamon _| AmaQ>mo
6. _wŠVr Ym_ _§Xé ~mQ>ZrH$mo Xr {ngm Zmbo gm§ gZ² 1544 B©. _| Omo{‹S>`mo
7. H$mobm~m {µH$bmo d`mo.
dYrH$ OšmU · _hmamîQ´> Om _ehÿa ~mQ>ZrH$b ~mµJ
"~mQ>ZrH$b JmS>©Z' _{Vb~w {Z~mVmV ~mµJw CZ 1) Eåàog JmS>©Z, nwUo
Io MBOo Wmo {OVo H§$qh _wµH$aé H$`b EoamµOrA _| ~šzQ>{Z 2) _amR>dm‹S>m `yZrd{g©Q>r ~mQ>ZrH$ JmS>©Z,
Or nmoI H$B© dÄmo. ~šzQ>{Z Io gm§{T>`mo dÄmo. Xw{Z`m ^a
Oo {µH$ñ_| {µH$ñ_| ~šzQ>{Z Io JSšx> H$ao _hµ\y$µOw H$`mo dÄmo. Am¡a§Jm~mX
3) dra _mVm OrOm~šmB© ^mogbo CÚmZ ^m^m
CZ ~mµJ _| ha{hH$ ~šzQ>o _Wm§ g§X{g {dkmZr Zmbmo
{b{I`bw hÿ§Xmo Amho. _w™V{bµ\w$$ hmbVw{Z _| n¡Xm WtX‹S> EQ>m{_H$ argM© g|Q>a
~šzQ>m {_gmb ~`m~mZr, µHw$V~r E| µJ¡aadmOr hmbVw{Z 4) gmVnw‹S>m ~mQ>ZrH$ JmS>©Z, ZmJnwa
_| n¡Xm WtX‹S> ~šzQ>{Z ~m~{V ga~ñVr OšmU BZ {Z~mVmV · ^maV Om _ehÿa ~mQ>ZrH$b ~mµJ
~mµJ _m§ {_br gK§Xr Amho. CZ {Z~mVmV ~mµJ _| ~šzQ>{Z
Im§ gdmB å`yµÁ`_, bmB~«ar, ZmQ>H$ Ka E| g§JrV Ka 1) g§O` Jm§Yr O¡{dH$ CÚmZ, {~hma
O{h{‹S>`y§ ghy{b`Vy§ {~ _m¡OyX hÿ§{X`y§ Am{h{Z. 2) h¡Xam~mX ~mQ>ZrH$b JmS>©Z, Vob§JmZm
3) n§Om~ `yZrd{g©Q>r ~mQ>ZrH$b JmS>©Z, M§XrJš‹T>
4) Ama.~r. ~mQ>ZrH$b JmS>©Z, JwOamV
5) Š`y~b nmH©$, H$aZmQ>H$
6) Odmhabmb Zhê$ {Q´>nrH$b ~mQ>ZrH$b JmS>©Z,
Ho$ambm
5
u 2. _{h_mZw `m Ow{R> v
w gamoO Jmonmb ^madmUr x
lr_Vr gamoO Jmonmb ^madmUr Ho$V[a`y§ B© amoMH$ H$hm{U`y§, H${dVmD§$ E| boI {b{I`m Am{h{Z. "Hy§$O'
{H$Vm~ Vo NCPSL Omo _o[aQ> àmB©µO {_{b`b AW{g. "Zo{R> _ybo Or emXr Wr' {H$Vm~ Io µOhrZ nmR>H${Z {~
gmam{h`mo Amho.
{hZ g~µH$ _| _{h_mZ ~m~{V ~šxYm`bw Amho.
AmV©dma Omo Sš>thþ§ hþAmo, KmoQw> d`mo hþA{_ gµ\$a {Xb gMr hOþ o V H$mo ~hmZmo Jmš ëo hU Or Oµ ê$aV
Vo, gmo{M`w{_ V amoQ>r R>m{hU Omo ˜µ\$mo K{Q> Amho N>mo H$moÝho, AmV©dma V Amho!
Z AOšx Ka Or ML>rA Vah gµ\$mB© H$ao dR>m§. a§YUmo
gmµ\$ H$E {~ _hrZmo Sš>oTw> {W`mo hþAmo. CZ hmbV _| {~š`y§ {~ V _moH$by§ Am{h{Z H$Sš>qh V _mÊhÿ _w§hþ§
H$mH$amoM V n§qhOmo hµHw$ g_Pr a§YUo _| Xoamo Oš_mBªXm S>šIo ma.o ˜a¡ , Jmš pëh`§y H$§ Xo _{h_mZ{Z Or _ah~m H$aUw
Am{h{Z. CZH$ao ~šma{Z Io Zoa{Z noQw> ^ao Imam`{_ E| V bmOµ _r Amh.o ag_ _Vw m{~Hµ $ H$w Pw {_R>mB,© Z_H$sZ,
a§YUo Om H$~šQ> dµJ¡ah H$T>r doR>{g gµ\$mB© H$aU. Ho$H$, {~ñHo$Q> dµJ¡ah IUr AMr g§X{Z A{Jš`m§
AMr _§P§{X Wr. Sš>mT>r WH$b hþA{g, ñZmZ H$ao Wmoamo a{I`{_ E| M`mo_m{Z : IUmo ^mB©, n{hat V Wmoar
ZmíVmo nmUr H$ao ~šma{Z Io M`w{_ dohr n‹T>mB© H$a`mo AmZmH$mZr H$`mD§$ E| nmoB Omo ßboQw>{Z Io bJšm, BE|§
V _m§ Wmoamo Amam_ H$ao dR>m§. AÄmm bo{Q>`{g _g V ßboQy>§ gmµ\$ H$`mD§$ Omo ßboQw>{Z Io gmµ\$ H$aU Or
`mX Am`mo àog Oo$H$n‹S>{Z Omo T>oé bJšmo n`mo Amho E| µOê$aV B© _hgyg Z {WE. _Wm§ dar Mm§{h Or MwíH$s
MmXa do‹T>o a{I`{_ H$~šQ> _| E| H$n‹S>m àog H$aU h§`mD§$ gm¢µ\$ gmonmar ImamB©_m{Z V _Z admZm {W`{Z
dRo >{g. AÄmm ~š H$nS‹ >m _g àgo H$`{_ V Xa Vo IS‹ >H$mo V _m§ n§qhOo H$_ Io bJšm§ na hÿ {~ Ka _| Ho$ XoJš‹S>m
{W`mo. _w§qhOo Z§T>‹S>o {H$Ho$ Omo Xa Vo I‹S>H$mo ~šxYmo gmo D§$Ym H$ao Am`m hþAm AbmE N>m! Am{˜a H$bmH$
dÄmr Xa Im{o b`mBª E| _q§w hOr gmhS‹o >rA Io {S>šgr S>wH$§ Xmo Sš>oT> Im§ nmoB C{W`m, _w§qhOr gmho‹S>rA M`mo dÄmy§ Wm
Am`mo. M`mBª : __r __r! Am§Q>r AmB© Amho. {hZ Oo XmoñV Oo K[a, ^mB© N>m H$[a`y§ ha AmV©dma Vo
{ZH$ê§$ E| {~š{Z MB{Z Io ˜we H§$Xm Am{h`y§. hµâVo
_y§ àog Omo gwBMw ~§X H$`mo E| ~šmha Am`{g. N>m Om N>h Sš>th§ V {Z{H$aU Omo dµŠVw ZWmo {_bo.
{Sš>gm§ V _w§qhOr gmho‹S>r n§qhOo KmoQ> E| {Q>{Z ~šma{Z gm§
AMr nhþVr hþB© E| hþOmBVo Z_yZo ^mHw$é nmBªXo {gH$ {Z{H$aU d{µŠV KmoQ>{g M`w{g Bhm Woëhr BVo
gm§ JSš>r. Sš>mT>m Sš>moamnm {Sš>`U bJšr V Vy§ V H$Sš>qh B© aIw, _moQ>§Xo IU§Xm hb§Xmgt, BE§ B© amoQ>r ImBU
añVmo ^wbOr {~ H$moZ AMt, _m§ {Sš>gw H$sA§ n§qhOo {hVo AMUmo Amho Z!
Hw$Qw>å~ gyYr AMr nhþVr Am{h`m§.
_m§ dmB‹S>r Wr d`{g ""_mZ² Z _mZ² _¢ Voam
_§y _O~ay r S>šIo matXo M`m,o ^mB© N>m H$[a`!§y ZmoH$ar _{h_mZ'' _y§ amoQ>rA Or AmN> B© H$moZ H$B© E| hrC
H$§ XS‹ > _mÊh{þ Z Or V BhmB© hmbV Amho Z, AYw S>šth§þ Ka {~Zm ME amoQ>r {hVo ImBªXm!
Omo H$_,w AYw S>šth§þ ZmHo $ar, ~mš a{Z gm§ {~ gOoš S>šth§ Im§
nmBo amV Omo B© Jmš ëhmBU ~mš ëo hmBU Omo dŠµ Vw {_bX§ mo _w§qhOr gmho‹S>rA {Ib§Xo M`mo, ""^mB© {ZH$Vm
Amho gmo K_w U {\$aU Omo V gdmb B© H$mÝo h.o Am{h`y§ {~š{Z MB{Z Ka{Z _| Kw_§Xo amV V Wr d|Xr gmo
_§y M`mo _m{Z amQo >r _q§w hOr gmhS‹o >rA d{Q> ImBXª mgt''.
6
{_R>r {~ _m{R> _wR>r {~ _m{R>. M`mo_m{Z, R>rH$ Agm§Omo Zgr~w hþAmo. N>m `mX H§$Xmgt V amoQ>r V
Amho. _m§ amoQ>r R>mho Wr aIm§ Vìhm§ amoQ>r {hVo B© ImBªXm ImYrgt Vmo d{Q>, hÿ§A§ V ha hµâVo H§$qh Z H§$qh d{Q>
d{ÄmOmo, na gw^mUo gVqh Amho AÄmm _y§Io {_{R>`y§ amoQ>r ImBªXm Am{h`y§, na h{h‹S>r gdmXr amoQ>r {H$Wo
_m{Z`y§ dµJ¡ah {~ nMmB{U`y§ Am{h{Z. {~ ImBU bmB Z {_br Amh.o Obo r H$ñQ>S>© Om ˜mbr
X~šm a§{YUo _| aIU d`{g V KmoQ>{g a{‹S> H§$Xo M`mo,
V§qh Vo R>h nh gmho‹S>rA M`mo nmoB V nmU ^mB© gm¢µ\$, gmonmar IU§Xm A{MOmo, gm¢µ\$ gmonmar
gm¡bmB© WtXr gw^mUo bmB nH$mo‹S>m V Vy§ B© R>mBªXrA§, ImB© _moH$bmBªXo M`mD§$, W¢H$ `y! hmUo Vìhm§
~šr ^mOšrA Omo H$_w BÝh{Z _m§ Wr d|XwB, na amoQ>r A{MOm.o ! _q§w hOr gmhS‹o >rA M`m,o hrA gñw V N>m BXª r?
gmT>o AR>| ~Oo V`ma a{IOm§B. dar {~ AgmI§ o {N>H$ WtXr, AgmI§ o B© A{MUmo ndX§ m.o
ZoR> OrA§ VrA§ H$ao hþZ{Z Io admZmo H$ao amoQ>r Xé ~§X H$ao ~šma{Z Io M`w{_, ""AMmo ~šmamo
R>m{hU Io bJšr d`{g amoQ>r R>mhtXo _{h_mZ{Z Vo hmUo Agt amoQ>r ImD§$, Sš>mT>r ~wI bJšr Amho.''
µJwgmo n`mo AMo. hrC H${h‹S>m _{h_mZ OoHo$ ~o µOw~mZ Mm§da{Z Or {S>e Imo{b`{_ V ˜mbr. gmo{M`w{_
Or _O~yar ZWm g_P{Z na OoH$mo Jbo ndo CZ Im§ hoSš>r dSš>r {S>e gOšr ˜mbr! ML>mo \w$bH$mo B© Wm
_wŠVr nmBU bmB V gV{Z Iyh{Z Omo nmUr nrVbw ImD§$, X~šmo Imo{b`m§ V Chmo {~ ˜mbr! n§qhOo nwQ>
_mÊhÿ KwaOo. Io M`w{_ ~«oS> ~mŠg _m§ ~«oS> IUr AMw V Chm B© Wm
^mOšrA gm§ ImD§$.
K{‹S>`mb gmT>{Z AR>{Z Omo R>H$mC h§`mo E| Xé
{~ I‹S>{H$`mo, dµŠV Om nm~§X _{h_mZ hmµOwé hþAm, haoe M`mo, ~«oS> ~mŠg _| ~«oS> {H$Wo Amho Chm V
_y§ V Q>o~b Vo AJšo B© amoQ>r V`ma aIr hþB© haH$mo n§qhOr gdob Am§Q>rA Om ~šma ImB© d`m. ^mOšrA Or {S>e
n§qhOr ßboQ> IUr amoQ>r ImBU _| _íµJyb Wr d`mo. Imo{b`m§ V Chm {~ ˜mbr, _y§Io nmU Vo Sš>mT>mo µJwgmo
ha ha Md{Z, ^mB©! Agt Vìhm§Oo ImBU VmBª Z AMU bJšmo, _m§ EoVar Za_ {Xb N>mo Am{h`m§! Omo
Vag§Xmgt N>mo V Agm§Or ~g hbr d|Xr, KmoQ>{g nmUIo E| n§qhOo Ka Io VH$brµ\$ _| Wr {dPm§? ˜¡a!
AmLw>[a`y§ MQ>tXo M`mo, ^mB© amoQ>r V Sš>mT>r bµOrµOw R>mhr haoe Io M`w{_, hmUo {hH$ ~«oS> dR>r AMw V _m§ Mm§{h
AWd, Vìhm§Io V gQ>u{µ\$Ho$Qw> {Sš>`Umo nd§Xmo. _m§ Wr R>mho dR>m§, doMmamo dµ\$mXmé nwQw> d`mo E| dÄmr ~«oS>
{\$H$s _wíH$ _wíH§$Xo _Z _| noB© Mdm§, OëXw admZm dR>r Am`mo E| amoQ>r ImYrgt. CZ Im§ nmoB doR>{g àog
{W`mo, Vìhm§Oo H$ao _w§qhOmo gmao Sš>th§ Omo eoS²>`yb B© H$aU, AMr amV Om ~šmahm§ {W`m E| Amo{MVmo Xé
˜am~w Wr d`mo Amho. {hH$ Vaµ\$ àog Om H${n‹S>m I‹S>{H$`mo, gmo{M`w{_ ˜~a Zmho {hZ d{µŠV dar
a{hOr d`m, {~Eš Va\µ $ VìhmO§ o dÄmU Im§ nmBo g^w mUo H${h‹S>m _{h_mZ Am`m Am{h{Z. Xé Imo{b`w{_ V
Or V`mar {~ V H$aUr AW{_ Z! KmoQ>{_ JíV Vm§ dmn{g Am`mo hþAmo, _y§ gdmbw H$`mo
Vìhm§ V gw~wh Omo AMUm hþAm htAa H$sA§?
amoQ>r ImB© _Wm§ Omo WYmo nmUr {Sš>Zmo_mZ² V
nw{N>`mD§$, {µ\$O© daVr AWoB© N>m? _y§ n§qhOmo amo~w hþZ {Ib§Xo M`mo, N>mo n§qhOo Ka _| AMU bmB
Sš>oImatXo M`mo, hm ^mB©! Agm§Or {µ\$O© Im§ gdmB gao H$mo dŠµ V _Hµw $aé hX§ÿ mo Amho N>m? _I§y o gdbo ~g {_br
B© H$moZ, \«y$Q> WYmo {µ\$O© Omo Ino, nmUr WYmo {µ\$O© doB© V hbr Am`w{g Vmo N>m g_Pmo H$mo _{h_mZ hÿ§Xmo!
Omo, E| dar ~šma{Z Io {~ em¡µH$ Amho V H$Sš>qh
AmBñH«$s_ H$Sš>qh Oobr H$ñQ>S>© noB© R>mhtXr Am{h`m§. _§y M`mo ˜~a Zmho AOmš Ho $mo S>šth§þ H$sA§ JOµw [a`m!o
Z Amam_w H$`w{_ Z gwR>o Z_yZo amoQ>r.
gmho{‹S>`{_ M`mo, Vw§qhOo Oobr H$ñQ>S>© _| {~
7
""N>mo N>m {W`mo?'' hþZ AO~w ImBªXo nwN>`mo? _y§ _wíH§$Xo M`mo, ""hm _{h_mZ ZdmµOr Vìhm§Io
H$aUr ndo hm V ˜~a ndo hm V _{h_mZ N>m WtXm
{~Zm H$moR>E A{h‹S>m _{h_mZ Am`m {O{Z Or Am{h{Z!''
_{h_mZ ZdmµOrA _w§qhOmo ho{Vamo dµŠVw ~~m©X H$`mo.
yyy
_w§qhOo KmoQ> {Ib§Xo M`mo, Vw§qhOo ImYo Vo hþZ{Z
Or _wha bJšb hÿ§Xr V µOê$a hÿ ImBU BªXm Z BZ _|
H§$qhOmo Sš>mohþ H$moÝho _{h_mZ V {µH$ñ_V dma{Z Oo Ka
BªXm Am{h{Z.
bµâµO{Z Omo ˜µOmZmo
_ah~m = gwdmJVw R>h nh = CVo Omo CVo B©
Xoamo Oš_mBUw = Ké H$ao dohUw Sš>moamnm {Sš>`Uw = _{hUm {Sš>`Uw
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. {hH$ {~š{Z {gQw>{Z _| Odm~ {bImo :- gwdmb 4. {gµ\$Vy§ R>m{h`mo :-
1) AmV©dma Sš>th§ gµ\$mB© H$aU Omo µ\¡$gbmo N>mo 1) _O~yar .......................
H$`mo d`mo?
2) AmN> .......................
2) _{h_mZ{Z bmB Xé H§$qh Imo{b`mo?
3) ~šma{Z amV Omo H${h‹S>r _mZr ImYr? 3) gm¡bmB© .......................
4) Zgr~w .......................
gwdmb 2. Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :- gwdmb 5. {µOX {bImo :-
1) ~šmh[a Z {Z{H$ar gKU Or H${h‹S>r _O~yar 1) ~hmXéw .......................
~šxYm`b Amho?
2) ˜ew .......................
2) b{o IH$m, gmhS‹o >rA Omo gdw mJVw H$sA§ H$`m?o
3) _{h_mZ{Z Vaµ\$m§ _mZrA Or gmamh Vo 3) _íJµ by .......................
bo{IH$m N>m gmo{M`mo? _íµJybr - 1
gwdmb 3. H§$qh, H§$qhIo M`mo :- {Sš>Zbw Qw>H$é n‹T>r A_br H$_w H$[a`mo :-
{Xb gMr hþOo V H$mo ..............................
1) ""Vy§ V H$Sš>qh añVmo ^w{bOr {~ H$moZ amoQ>r _w§qhOr gmho‹S>rA d{Q> ImBªXmgt.
AMt.'' (1) ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :-
2) ""ha AmV©dma Vo {ZH$ê§$ E| {~š{Z MB{Z Io _{h_mZ{Z Omo
˜we H§$Xm Am{h`y§.'' gwdmJVw
3) ""gw^mUo gVqh Amho. AÄmm _y§Io {_{R>`y§
_m{Z`y§ dµJ¡ah {~ nMmB{U`y§ Am{h{Z.''
4) ""Agm§ Or {µ\$O© Im§ gdmB gao B© H$moZ!''
8
(2) ˜mZo _| {Sš>Zb bµâµO{Z _m§ a§{YUo Omo gm_mZw My§S>o 2. hm{U Agm§ Io n{hat Im§ dYrH$ ..............
{bImo :- gm§ H$_w H$aUw KwaOo.
(_{hZVmUmo, _{hZV, _{hZVr)
Xo{Jš‹S>mo, gmoµ\$m, ßboQy>§
MåMm, _oµO, Q>r.dr., 3. goR> gm§ Agm§ Or ................. g§X{Z B©
J¡g {gb|S>a, Hy§${S>`y§ {hH$ AµOrµO H$amB©.
(gwÄmmUn, gwÄmmUtX‹S>, gwÄmmU)
(3) {Sš>Zb Ow{_bm {gb{gbodma {bImo :-
4. AOxš Oo g_mOr hmbV{w Z _| H$o {S>š`§y ..............
1. bo{IH$m gmo{M`mo, "_mZ² Z _mZ², _¢ Voam AMr a{h`y§ Am{h{Z?
_{h_mZ.' (VãXrbr, VãXrb, VãXr{b`y§)
2. _{h_mZ{Z M`mo V hÿ amV Or amoQ>r ImB© 5. BÝgmZr Om_mo YUrA Or {hH$ n{dÌ ...........
d|Xm. Amho.
(A_mZVy§, A_mZV, A_mZVr)
3. bo{IH$m gmo{M`mo, _{h_mZ{Z Or _ah~m
H$aUw V bmµO_r Amho. 6. hþZ Omo M{hamo {Sš>gr _m§ ............... _| nBOr
d`w{g.
4. bo{IH$m _{h_mZ{Z Io Mm§{h nrAmar. (AOr~, AO~, AOr~r)
5. bo{IH$m _{h_mZ{Z Oo gwdmJVw _| Z_H$sZ,
7. _y§ Io ............... ZWmo AMo.
Ho$H$ E| {~ñHo$Q> dµJ¡ah Am§Xm. ({dídmgr, {dídmgw, {dídmgZ)
(4) Vìhm§ Oo Ka _{h_mZ BªXm V CÝh{Z Omo ñdmJVw 8. Bhmo ................ H$_mbw Amho.
H$sA§ H§$Xm :- (µHw$XaV, µHw$XaVr, µH$mXwé)
(5) {gQ> n‹T>r gwdmb{Z Om Odm~ {bImo :- 9. Agm§ Io g§JrV _m§ gMmo ............. {_bo Wmo.
(AmZ§Xw, AmZ§Xr, AmZ§XXm`H$)
"n{hat V Wmoar AmZmH$mZr H$`mD§$'
1. Bhm {gQ> H§$qh ~m~{V M`b Amho? 10. JšmoR>{Z _| .............. hdm hþB©.
2. AXX dmamo bµâµO Jšmopëh`mo. (VmµOmo, VmµOJr, VmµOr)
3. A§XmµOw Sš>oImatX‹S> bµâµOw Jšmopëh`mo.
4. "BÝH$ma' ~Xam§ H${h‹S>mo bµâµOw H$_w Am§Xb _íµJybr - 2
Amh?o AU R>hH§$X‹S> bµâµO _Wm§ Jmob nm`mo :-
(6) BñVbmh{Z E| CÝh{Z Or _mZm Om Omo‹S>m {_bm`mo:- 1) _{h_mZw, _oµO~mZw , {_µO_mZw, XmdVr
2) naoemZr, VmXr, Ow{R>, ˜wer
1. _ah~m H$aUw 1. CghUw 3) µH$s_V, _wëhþ, n¡gm, AKw
4) _ah~m, ˜m{VaXmar, AmXwé^mC, Z{µ\$aV
2. bmµO_r hþAUw 2. BÝH$mé H$aUw 5) Ahdmbw, µH$m{gXw, ˜~a, g_H$
6) dm§Xmo, éYbw, _gê$µ\w$, _íµJybw
3. AmZmH$mZr H$aUw 3. µOê$ar hþAUw 7) Amam_w, µ\$ahV, AmgmBe, VŠbrµ\$
8) dm§XH$mB©, JíVw, gµ\$é, MH$é
4. admZmo {W`Uw 4. gwdmJVw H$aUw 9) Q>mUmo, dµŠVw, dob, C_«
(7) _{h_mZ{Z Oo H${h‹S>o dh§dma _m§ _oµO~mZ Io VH$brµ\$
WtXr Amho?
(8) qSš>J`{Z _m§ _wZm{g~ bµâµO Jšmoëho ˜mb ^[a`mo:-
1. _m§ Vìhm§ Omo V_m_ KUmo ............ Am{h`m§.
(ewH«$JwµOma, ewH«$JwµOmar, ewH«$)
9
u 3. A{˜bmµHw$ v
w _Zmohé {ZhmbmUr x
lr _Zmho é {ZhmbmUr Omo OÝ_ 1940 B.© _| qgYw Oo {_{R>`mUr {Oµ bo Zdm~emh _| {W`m.o hZþ Om em`m {W`b
AgbmHo $m {H$Vm~ Am{h{Z : "dra ~mš bH$w ', "qgYr gm{hV Om {gVmam', "{d{MÌ amOH$w _mar' E| "e_A ObX§ r ahr.'
{hZ boI _| A{˜bmµH$ ~m~V ~šxYm`mo d`mo Amho.
H$mo dµŠVw hmo OSš>qh em{JX© Agwa dobo CWr A{˜bmµH$ dmam {Sš>R>m d`m Am{h{Z. na ~šxYrA Omo
^JšdmZ Or ~§XJr H$aU ~¡{X n§qhOr n‹T>mB© H§$Xm {dH$mgw, {~Zm Vmbr_ Oo ZWmo {WE. _mÊhþA Io ^bo
hþAm. OrdZ Oo g{^Zr JwU{Z, AmgyXJr, ˜wehmbr ~wao Or gwÄmmUn, kmZ E| Vmbr_ dgrbo B© {WE Wr.
~h~yXrA Omo AmYmé ZoH$ A{˜bmµH$ Vo Amho. Vmbr_ gm§ _mÊhAþ Oo _Jµ Oµ Om XadmOµ m Ibw r nd{Z
OoH$Sš>qh Agm§Omo A{˜bmµHw$ gwR>mo Amho V Xw{Z`m Oy§ Wm. V§qhH$ao M[aÌdmZw {W`U bmB gwR>r Vmbr_ Or
g^w ZB_Vy§ ~šbw, ~šxYr, AmgyXJr Agm§Oo µH$X_{Z _| g™Vw µOê$aV Amho. gwR>r Vmbr_ gm§ JSšx> gwR>r g§JV
AMr nd{Z {W`y§. na OoH$Sš>qh Agm§Or qµOXJr ~X- {~ hþAUw Ino. Md§Xm Am{h{Z V g§Jw Vmao Hw$g§Jw
A{˜bmµHw$$ E| {Zhm`V µJbrµOw Amho V Agt g_mO ~šmo‹S>o. BE§ {Sš>gU _| Am`mo Amho V n{‹T>`b Jš{‹T>`b
_| {Jbm E| Zµ\$aV Om hµH$Xma ~UOy§ Wm. n§qhOr _mÊhþ {~ ˜am~w g§J _| AMr {~J‹S>r nd{Z Wm. Chmo
~šxYr, ~šbw E| AmgyXJrA Io n§qhO{Z B© hW{Z gm§ gOmš o gJ§ Omo Agé Amh.o ˜am~w gJ§ V {hZOr Vmbr_
{dÄmmE Wm dohÿ§. ~XA{˜bmµHw$ _mÊhþ n§qhOmo nmU Or {b`mµH$V Io {~ YmoB© Wr N>Sš>o. Md§Xm Am{h{Z
Io, n§qhOo Hw$Qw>å~ Io E| n§qhOo g_mO; O§qhOmo hÿ "O{h‹S>mo g§Jw V{h‹S>mo a§Jw'. _mÊhþ O{h‹S>{Z e™g{Z gm§
µ\$X© Amho, ISš> _| Wmo Ho$amE. M[aÌ hrUw e™gw n§qhOo CW§Xmo {dh§Xmo CÝh{Z Or {dMma Ymam, AmXVw{Z,
g_mO bmB µOh_V gm{~Vw {WE Wmo. OSš>qh {H$ ZoHw$$ ™dm{hew{Z, gwR>o ˜am~w H$_©{Z Omo Agé hþZ Vo µOê$a
A{˜bmµHw$ a{h_V. ~XA{˜bmµHw$ e™gw Hw$H$_©{Z nd§Xmo. V§qh H$ao ZoH$ A{˜bmµH$ {W`U bmB VBbr_
dgrbo n§qhOmo OrdZ ZJšx© ~UmE Wmo. OSš>qh {H$ Im§ dYrH$ µOê$aV gwR>o g§J Or Amho. gwR>mo g§Jw ZrM
M[aÌdmZ bmB gwJš© Om XadmµOm h_oeh Iw{b`b _| ZrM _mÊhþA Io {~ CÎm_ ~UmE Wmo N>Sš>o. OrA§
ah§Xm Am{h{Z. M[aÌ hrU Omo OrdZw A§YH$ma gm§ nmag bmoh Io Nw>h§Xo B© Chmo gmoZw ~{UOr Wmo ndo.
^[a`b hX§ÿ mo Amh.o hmSo >šmh§ §þ M[aÌdmZw kmZ Or ameo ZrA A{h‹S>rA ar{V M[aÌ hrU _mÊhþ {~ gwR>mo g§Jw nmE
gm§ AmoOb dm`y_§S>b _| JwµOmao Wm. do{XH$ _§Ì{Z _| g{w Yar Wm dÄm{Z.
BÝhrA H$ao Agm§Oo F${f`w{Z ^JšdmZ Io àmW©Zm H$B©
Amho, ""ho B©ída _y§Io Hy$‹S> Im§ gM Sš>m§h§ dR>r hbw, e™gr AmµO_yXm {~ _mÊhþA Io ~mA{˜bmµHw$
D§$X{h Im§ amoeZrA Sš>m§h§ dR>r hbw.'' Hy$‹S> E| D§$X{h ~UmBU _| _XXJmé WtXm Am{h{Z. OSš>qh ~šma Or
Omo dmñVmo _mÊhþA Oo ~XA{˜bmµH$ gm§ Amho. AmLw>a {hHw$ Xµ\$mo ~m{h _| g‹S>r nd§Xr Amho V nmoB
{~š`mo Xµ\$mo hÿ ~m{h _| AmLw>a Z {dP§Xmo. H$Mo Mmoa Io
ZoHw$$ A{˜bmµHw$ ~{UOU bmB ho{R>`{Z Mmoar H§$Xo n{H$‹S>Or ndU Vo OSš>qh nmobrg Or
˜wgbVw{Z Omo hþAUw µOê$ar Amho Bë_, gwR>r g§JV, µOmoaXma _ma {_b§Xr Amho, VSš>qh hÿ Mmoar H$aUw
e™gr AmOµ _Xy mo E| _Oµ ~Vy BamXm.o hA§ÿ § V AU n{T‹ >`b ^{w bOr dX| mo Amh.o A{hS‹ >rA Vah ñH$y b _| H$m eamaV
_mÊhþ {~ gwR>o g§J _| AmµO_yXo Oo AmYma Vo ZoH$ H§$Xo OSš>qh em{JXw© n{H$‹S>Or nd§Xmo Amho E| Io{g
10
gµOm {_b§Xr Amho, VSš>{h§ hÿ ~šrha eamaV Z H§$Xmo Io g§ñH$ma {_b{Z Wm. hþZ Om n{dÌ drMma n{dÌ
Amho. _Vb~ V e™gr AmµO_yXmo _mÊhþA Io ZoH$ ^mdZmD§$ _wh{H$_w BamXm gXmBª {hZ bmB g_mO _|
A{˜bmHµ $sA S>šmh§ § dR>r dÄmo Wm.o A{˜bmHµ $ _| AmË_m {hHw$ ˜mgw AmñWmZw ~UmB{Z Wm. A{˜bmµH$s
Omo AmdmµOw {~ dSš>mo amob AXm H$ao Wmo. H$mo H$_w _mÊhAþ Io h_eo h gIw w E| gV§ mfo {_bo Wm.o hÿ gmV§ rH$mo
H$aU bmB AmË_m Mdo V H$aUmo, AmË_m Z ~šmobo V OrdZ JwµOmao Wmo. _mÊhþ g§X{g AmXe© Vo hbr n§qhOo
Chmo H$_w ha{JµO Z H$aUmo. dSš>{Z Oo AmXe©{Z E| OrdZ Io g\$bmo H${Z Wm. A{˜bmµH$ gm§ JSšx>
Cgyb{Z Vo hbU gm§ A{˜bmµH$s ~{UOr gKOo Wmo. ~hmXwar, g~é E| ~o S>nmB© Bho JwU n§qhOmo nmU AMr
_Z Vo nyaZ µOmãVmo aIUw {~ µOê$ar Amho. _Zw ~o dÄm{Z Wm. {hZ Or Anma {h_W A{Jš`m§ H$mo {~
bµJm_ Kmo‹S>o dm§Jwé S>mo‹S>§Xmo aho Wmo. N>mo Omo _Zw Sš>mT>mo Xíw _Zw gQ> Pbo Z gKX§ m.o ZHo $w $ A{˜bmHµ $ gm§ _mÊhAþ
M§Mbw Amho. AmµO_yXJma Kmo‹S>ogdma dm§Jwé _Z Or Io gwR>r V§XwéñVr E| gwb{Pb` ~šxYr hm{gb {WE
bµJm_ Io µH$m~yA _| a{IUmo Amho. OoH$Sš>qh Agm§Oy§ Wr. O§qh Ûmam§ Sšx>IE _| Sšx>I`mo H$_w hÿ gm¡bmB©A gm§
BpÝÐ`y§ Agm§Oo dg _| Am{h{Z V H$mo {~ µJ¡adm{O~w nyamo H$ao gKo Wmo. A{˜bmµH$ E| D$M M[aÌ Or µJ¡a
H$_w Agm§ Im§ Z WtXmo. _m¡OyXJrA _| _mÊhþ Xa Xa Oy§ R>moH$ê§$ Wmo ImE E|
ngw{Z dm§Jwé OrdZw Kmao Wmo. CÝhrA H$ao Omo
A{˜bmµH$s ~{UOU gm§ Ho${VamB© µ\$m`Xm A{˜bmµHw$ {µOÝXJrA Or gy§h§ Amho. A§J«oµOrA _|
Am{h{Z. A{˜bmµH$ _mZm H$mo ˜mg JwUw Z Amho na {hH$ MdUrA _yOw~ :
Ho${Va{Z JwU{Z gMmB©, h_XXu, µ\$am˜{Xbr,
{Z_mUmB,© {ZhR>mB,© \µ $Oµ rbV, ghZerbVm O{hS‹ >{Z ""OoH$Sš>qh _mÊhþA dQ>m§ n¡gmo d`mo V OšUw Hw$Pw
JwU{Z Omo _wOg_w Amho, OoHo$ BÝgmZ Or ep™g`V {~ Z d`m,o VX§ éw ñVr dBo © V OUš w H$w Pw d`mo na OHo $S>šqh
Io _hmZ ~UmB{Z Wm. A{h‹S>o A{˜bmµH$s nwéf Omo M[aÌ d`mo V OšUw g^w Hw$Pw d`mo.''
g_mO _| Zmbmo E| ZoH$s {WE Wr E| CZ Io _mZw E|
BµOV {_bo Wr. A{˜bmµH$ gm§ _mÊhþA Or AmË_m yyy
bµâµO{Z Omo ˜µOmZmo
A{˜bmµHw$ = M[aÌ µJbrµOw = ˜am~ AmgyXJr = A_rar AmµO_yXmo = VOw~m}
˜wgbV = ˜m{g`V _wh{H$_w = nH$mo
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. {hH$ {~š{Z {gQw>{Z _| Odm~ {bImo :- gwdmb 2. Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :-
1) Agm§ Omo A{˜bmµH$ gwR>mo N>mo hþAUw Kw[aOo? 1) M[aÌdmZw {W`U bmB gwR>r Vmbr_ E| gwR>o
2) do{XH$ _§Ì{Z _| Agm§Oo F${f`w{Z ^JšdmZ g§J Or µOê$aV N>mo Amho?
Io H${h‹S>r àmW©Zm H$B© Amho? 2) A{˜bmµH$s BÝgmZ _m§ H${h‹S>m µ\$m`Xm
3) A{˜bmµHw$$ {µOÝXJrA Or gy§h§ H$sA§ Amho? Am{h{Z?
4) ZoHw$$ BÝgmZw ~{UOU bmB H${h‹S>r`y§
˜w{gbVy§ µOê$ar Am{h{Z?
11
gwdmb 3. AXXw ~Xbm`mo :- (3) {µOX{Z Om Omo‹S>m {_bm`mo :-
em{JX©w ....................
hWw .................... 1. M[aÌdmZw 1. CÎm_w
XadmµOm ....................
~šma .................... 2. n{‹T>`bw 2. M[aÌhrUw
gwdmb 4. {gµ\$Vy§ R>m{h`mo :- 3. ZrMw 3. AU n{‹T>`bw
AmË_m ....................
g_mOw .................... (4) g_Pm`mo ""Vmbr_ gm§ _mÊhþA Oo _µJµO Om XadmµOm
M[aÌw .................... Iwbr nd{Z Wm.''
e™gw ....................
µOê$aV .................... (5) M[aÌdmZw - M[aÌ + dmZw
Agé .................... ho{R> {Sš>Zb Mm¡Hw§$S>o _| H${h‹S>{Z bµâµO{Z _| "dmZ'
_XX .................... bJšmBU gm§ ghr bµâµO R>ho Wmo.
gwdmb 5. {µOX {bImo :- emZw, YZw, Vmbr_, X`m,
Z{µ\$aV .................... _{ha, {H$Vm~w, eŠVr
µOh_V ....................
ZJx©š .................... (6) {_gmb g_wPr AJšx-nw{R> AIa{Z Omo ghr
gMw .................... {gb{gbmo R>mho bµâµO {bImo :-
dm{O~w ....................
µ\$mBXm .................... {_gmbw : J V g§ = g§JV
_míµJybr - 1 1. _ µO V ~y =
Qw>H$é n‹T>r A_br H$_w nyamo H$a`mo :- 2. a ê$ µO V =
ZoH$ A{˜bmµH$ ~{UOU bmB .....................
.................. gwR>mo g§Jw nmE gw{Yar dÄm{Z Wm. 3. µO _y Am Xmo =
(1) Mm¡Hw§$S>{Z _| _wZm{g~w bµâµO {bImo :-
4. ~w am ˜ =
A{˜bmµH$ bmB ˜w{gbVy§
(7) ~«¡Ho$Q> _m§ _wZm{g~w Odm~ Jšmopëh`mo E| CZ Om ~š
(2) Qw>H$a _| BñVo_mb {W`b ~š Md{U`y§ Jšmopëh`mo.
H$maU {bImo :-
1. Ka _| nT‹ >mB© H$aU bmB Aìhm§ H${hS‹ >mo dŠµ Vw dYrH$
_wZm{g~w g_wPmo Wm?
(Agwa dobmo, _§P§{X, amV)
2. {~ObrA Omo {~bw KQ>mBU bmB amoeZrA Omo
H${h‹S>mo gmYZw dYrH$ _wZm{g~w Amho?
(~ë~, Q²>`y~ bmB©Q>, Eb.B©.S>r. ~ë~)
12
(8) Mm¡Hw§$S>o _| gwR>r AmXV / ˜am~w AmXV {bImo :- dYrH$ OšmU
1. a_oe n§qhOo XmoñV Om {n{H${ZH$ Om n¡gm ^[a`m.
A{˜bmµH$ ~m~{V _ehÿa hñVr`w{Z Om dMZ.
2. JrVm grVm Om {H$Vm~ \$m{‹S>`m.
1) _mñVar {hHw$ {Zhm`V B© ZoH$ noemo Amho OoH$mo
3. {dH$mgw {~Zm bmBg|g Oo JmSš>r hbmE Wmo. H§$qh {~ µ\$X© Omo M[aÌ E| _wñVµH${~bw ~UmE
gKo Wmo. OoH$Sš>qh Adm_w _y§Io {hHw$ AmXe©
4. amHo$ew ~wµOwJ©{Z Or eodm H§$Xmo Amho. _mñVa Vmoa `m{X H§$Xmo V Chmo _w§qhOo bmB dSš>o
_| dSš>mo Ogw hÿ§Xmo.
(E.nr.Oo. AãXwb H$bm_)
5. H$_boew hm°ñnrQ>b _| dÄmr ~r_ma{Z Or _XX 2) _y§ Io {hHw$ gnZmo Amho V _w§qhOm Mma ~šma
H§$Xmo Amho. A{h‹S>o _wëH$ _| ah§Xm, {OVo Cho M{_‹S>rA Oo a§J
g~{~ Z na n§qhOo A{˜bmµH$ Ûmam§ gwÄmmVm
_íµJybr - 2 dX| m.
(_m{Q>©Z byWa qH$J Oy{Z`a)
Mm¡Hw§$S>o _| "A{˜bmµH$s' `m "µJ¡a A{˜bmµH$s' {bImo:-
1. goR> X`mbXmgw B©_mZXmarA gm§ Q>¡Šg ^atXmo 3) bJš ^Jš g^w _mÊhþ _wgr~Vw{Z Omo _wµH$m{~bmo
Amho. H$ao gK{Z Wm. na OoH$Sš>qh Vìhm§ H§$qh Omo
M[aÌw AmµO_mBUw Wm Mm{h`mo V CÝh{Z Io
2. Agm§ Io H$Sš>qh {~ {~Zm {Q>Ho$Q> _wgm{µ\$ar Z VmµH$V {Sš>`mo.
H$aUw Kw[aOo. (A~«mh_ qbH$Z)
3. amBXmgw n¡gm Sš>oB© Hy$‹S>r {S>J«r hmgwbw H$B©. 4) BÝgmZr _hmZVm CZ Or {_b{H$`V `m VmµH$V
_| Z hÿ§Xr Amho na M[aÌ E| wgR>mB©A _| hÿ§Xr
Amho.
(EoZr µ\¢$H$)
4. drZm ~m~yA n§qhOo nwQ> Or emXrA dµŠV {~Obr 5) nmU Io {~š`{Z Oo godmC{Z _| {dÄmmBªXm V
Mmoar H$B©. nmU Io Jšmoëho gK§Xm.
(_hmË_m Jm§Yr)
5. Agm§ Io h_oeh n§qhOr µJbVrA Omo A{hgmgw
hþAUw Kw[aOo E| CZ Io µH$~yb {~ H$aUw Kw[aOo.
13
u 4. XmXm OeZw dmgdmUr v
w S>m°. X`mb "Amem' x
S>m°ŠQ>a X`mb Ym_oOm "Amem' (OÝ_ 16 goßQ>å~a 1936 B©.) Mm§Xr~šmB© H$m°boO, CëhmgZJa, _m§ à§grnmb Vm¡a
[aQ>m`a H$`mo. hÿ Z§T>{nU Im§ g_mO eodm bmB éµJ~V aI§Xo "OZVm OZmaXZ n[afX²' g§ñWm Omo ê$h admZ
~{UOr nmoBVo n`b V~µHo$ Or _mbr ghm`Vm H§$Xmo a{h`mo Amho. qgYr Bë_ AX_ _| {nUw hþZ Oo {Sš>`mQ>r`w{Z
Im§ AZoH$ aMZmC{Z OÝ_ daVmo Amho, O{Z _m§ "qgYr eBa Or Vmar˜' OmoJšmo _wµH$m_ dmbmao Wr.
{hZ g~µH$ _| XmXm OeZ dmgdmUr ~m~{V ~šxYm`mo d`mo Amho.
gy§hmar qgYw _| gd{Z g§V{Z gËnwéf{Z OÝ_ {dÚmWu hmo. 17 gmb{Z Or Z§T>‹S>r C_« _| {hZ
daVmo. CÝh{Z g§V{Z _m§ H${Z Or gw[ahmU qgY VmBª ~r.Eggr BåVhmZ nmg H$ao `y{Zd{g©Q>rA _| Zmbmo
gr{_V ahr V H${Z Or hmH$ qhXwñVmZ _| {~ µH$m`_ amoeZ H$`mo. hÿ gmJšo H$m°boO _| µ\o$bmo Wr H$_ {~
ahr V {H${Z Or gwJš§Y gmao g§gma Io gwJš§{YV H$`mo. H§$Xmo a{h`mo E| E_.Eggr Omo Aä`mg H§$Xmo a{h`mo.
ß`mamo XmXm OeZ dmgdmUr A{h‹S>{Z OJš à{gÕ 19 gmb{Z Or C_« _| _åw ~B© `{y Zd{gQ© >rA _m§ E_.Eg
g§V{Z _m§ hþAmo. g§X{g gmamh Oy§ gwa{H$`y§ gÝgmé ^ao gr. ({µ\${µOŠg) µ\$ñQ>© Šbmg µ\$ñQ>© gm§ nmg H$B©. hÿ
a{h`mo Amho. hþZ gm{h~ ^maV Oo F${f`w{Z _w{Z`w{Z, Mmho hm V {dkmZ Oo joÌ _| Z`y§ Z`y§ ImoOZmD§$ H$ao
gä`Vm gñ§ H$¥ {VA Omo gX§ eo w gÝgma Io gUw m`m.o ß`mao {díd Omo dSš>mo {dkmZr ~{UOr gKo hm `m
XmXm OeZ dmgdmUrA Omo OÝ_ 2 AmJñQ> gZ² 1918 AmB.gr.Eg. BpåVhmZw nmg H$ao H$bŠo Q>a `m H${_íZa
B©. h¡Xam~mX (qgYw) _| n{hbmOam` dmgdmUrA Oo Wr gKo hm. na hÿ JwéXod gmYy Q>r.Eb dmgdmUr Or
Ka _| {W`mo. n{hbmOam` dmgdmUr, gmYy Q>r.Eb. godm E| g§J _| gMmo g§Vw Wr n`mo.
dmgdmUrA Omo dSš>mo ^«mVm hmo. _mVm {nVm Oo ew^
g§ñH$ma{Z Omo ~šmbH$ OeZ Vo H$mµ\$s à^mC n`mo. gmYy dmgdmUr nyZm _| "g|Q> _ram H$m°boO µ\$ma
Jb©g' ewê$ H$`mo. ß`mamo XmXm OeZ dmgdmUr CZ
O§qh Hw$b _| n¡Xm {W`mo qgY Omo AdVmar nwéf H$m°boO Omo à§{gnb ahr {dÚm{W©`w{Z Or amh amoeZ
_hmZ {d^yVr gmYy Q>r.Eb. dmgdmUr CZ Hw$b _| H§$Xmo a{h`mo. gmYy dmgdmUrA Or gy§hn _| hÿ X[adoew
OšmAmo ß`mamo OeZ dmgdmUr. H$_©, kmZ, ^JšVrA ^JšVr gmYZm E| ˜ëµH$ {˜µÁ_V Om H$m`© H§$Xo ê$hmZr
Or gyaV {Z_mUr, O§qhOo _wI _m§ gXmBª Q>nHo$ A_¥V ah~é {W`mo. gmYy Q>r.Eb. dmgdmUr Oo ~«÷brZ
dmUr, g§X{Z AI{‹S>`w{Z _| Zya ZyamZr M_H§$Xmo hmo. {W`U ~mX {hZ ˜wXm Vg© Xoe {dXoe Oo OwXm OwXm
eha{Z _| n§qhOo JwéXod gmYy dmgdmUrA Oo
ß`mamo XmXm OeZ {dÚmWu OrdZ Im§ B© amoeZ {g»`mC{Z Omo \${hbmC H§$Xo emÝVr, X`m E| ào_ Omo
{X_mµJ E| hmo{e`ma hmo. Voah{Z gmb{Z Or Z§T>‹S>r C_« nJµ¡ m_w {S>šZm.o CZ H$ao Am_ao rH$m _| I{o g "D$WmQ§ > em{§ V
_| {hZ _¡{Q´>H$ nmg H$ao {gÝY _| [aH$mS>© Q>mo{‹S>`mo. CZ nwañH$ma' gm§ gÝ_m{ZV H$`mo d`mo. {hZ gm{h~ gmYy
H$ao Io{g Ho${VamB© BZm_ AVm {W`m. hÿ S>r.Oo. qgY dmgdmUr {_eZ V[aµ\$m§ Ho${VamB© ˜ëµH$ {˜µÁ_V Om
H$m°boO _| Xm{˜bw {W`mo. Bhmo n{h[a`m| {_gmb hmo H$m`© H$`m. gm¡ gmb{Z Or C_« _| {hZ g§V 12 OwbmB
Omo Voah{Z gmb{Z Omo {dÚmWu {S>J«r H$m°boO _| 2018 B©. Vo gÝgmar gµ\$a nyamo H$`mo.
Xm{˜b {W`mo. hÿ H$m°boO Oo b¡~maoQ>arA _| n`mo Zdm§
Zdm§ VOw~m© H§$Xmo hmo. hÿ ~šxYr Ordr, àVr^mgånÞ
14
AMmo V CZ Am{b_ \µ $m{Oµ b ep™g`V, OeZ Anm{hO{Z Omo AµOrµOw
dmgdmUrA Oo OrdZ _m§ Hw$Pw {nam`y§. ß`mamo XmXm OeZw H$Sš>qh H$Sš>qh Anm{hO{Z,
_{N>`w{Z Io OrdZ XmZw AZmW{Z E| gay Xmg{Z Oo ñH$y b{Z E| Aml_{Z _| dÄmr
{hH$ Xµ\o$ XmXm gmYy Q>r.Eb dmgdmUrA Io CÝh{Z Or gma g§^mb bh§Xmo hþAmo. Io{Z Z {gµ\©$
nmbH$sA _| dohmao XmXm OeZ E| {~š`m ào_r n§Yw Q>mob Sš>tXmo hþAmo na CZ Im§ dYrH$ Io{Z n§qhOo {Xb
H$aU {ZH$Vm. CVo ZXrA Oo {H$Zmao Vo Hw$Pw dµŠVw Omo ß`mé Sš>tXmo hþAmo.
dRo >m. AMmZH$ ^mC$ OeZ Or ZOµ a dÄmr {hH$ _hw mUo ~šmbH${Z Oy§ Q>§Jy§ H${n`b {Sš>gr nmU Io amoHo$
Vo noB©, Omo _{N>`y§ \$mgmE a{h`mo hmo. ^mC OeZ Z g{K`mo! g§X{g AI{‹S>`w{Z _m§ h_XXuA Om Jšmo‹T>m
{hH$X_ CZ _whmUo d{Q> d`mo, g§X{g Ošma _| Ho$V[a`y§ Jš‹S>r Am`m. {hH$ Hw§$S> _| nmgramo Wr ~šma{Z dm§Jwé
B© _{N>`§y \$WH$s a{h`§y h`þ !§y Omš a _| \$mgm`b _{N>`{w Z AmoqN>Jê§$ {Sš>`U bJšmo. gÝV{Z Or {Xb _IU Im§
Io {Sš>gr ß`mao ^mC$OeZ Or {X{b ^[aOr AmB©. hþZ {~ Za_w WtXr Amho. CVo Anm{hO{Z Oo ñHy$b _|
_whmUo Im§ nw{N>`mo, ""ß`mam! VmoIo {hZ{Z _{N>`w{Z XmXm Anm{hO{Z bmB na_mË_m Io àmW©Zm H$B©. CZ
{dH$UU _m§ KUmo {_b§Xmo'' _whmUo dam{U`mo d{µŠV XmXm OeZ M`mo V hrC {~ Agm§Om ~šma
""A{Q>H$b 50 `m 60 én`m {_b§Xm'' ^mC$ OeZ Am{h{Z, N>mo Z Io{Z gwR>m {~ñVam {Sš>O{Z. XmXm O{Z
60 én`m H$T>r CZ _whmUo Io {Sš>Zm E| M`mo V hmUo B© gm§ JSšx> Ho$ ào_r gmUw hþAm. Cho {hH$X_ MmXê§$,
V§y BÝh{Z g^Zr _{N>`{w Z Io _Šw V H$ao ZXrA _| {dP.w µ\$am{g`y§ E| {dhmUm dR>r Am`m. ~[ad{µŠV B© XmXm
VmoIo AOšx Or H$_mB© V hWm| hW {_br doB©. _whmUmo Cho {~ñVam CÝh{Z Anm{hOw ~šma{Z Io {Sš>Zm. ß`mamo
Ošmé Imobo g^w _{N>`y§ ZXrA _| {dPo Wmo. \$mgm`b XmXm nmU Io Anm{hO{Z AZmW{Z Omo AµOrµOw H$ao
_{N>`w{Z Io OrAXmZ {_br d`mo. CZ dµŠV ^mC$ g_wP§Xmo hþAmo.
OeZ Oo _w§h§ Vo àgÝVm Oy§ aoImD§$ hþ`y§. ß`mamo XmXm H§$qh {~ XwIrA Omo XwIw ghr Z
^mC$ OeZ CZ _whmUo Io ß`ma dMm§ g_PmBªXo gK§Xmo hþAmo. CZ XwI Io Xya H$aU Omo `VZ H§$Xmo
M`mo ""ß`mam! hr _{N>`y§, nbm Am{h{Z Ob Ma, hþAmo E| {~š`{Z Io _XX H§$Xmo hþAmo. {hH$ Xµ\o$ {hHw$
Obw CÝh{Z Omo OrdZ Amho. Ob Im§ gdmB hr Anm{hO N>moH$amo Kmo{‹S>`w{Z Oo ghmao nwZm ñQ>oeZ Sš>m§h§
doMm[a`y§ \${WH$s \${WH$s gmhþ {Sš>`{Z {W`y§. BÝh{Z dÄmr a{h`mo hmo. g§X{g {hH$ ~šm§h§ _| {H$Vm~{Z Omo
Io \$mgmE {dH$UUw V nmnw Amho na ImBUw {~ ~§S>bw ~šYbw hmo, em`X g§X{g Q´>oZ Omo dµŠVw ^aOr
_hmnmnw Amho. Vy§ OoH$a n§qhOo n[adma Or nmbZm Am`mo hmo E| hÿ V{H$‹S>mo hbU Or H$mo{ee H$ao a{h`mo
bmB AOšx Im§ B© _{N>`w{Z \$mgmBU Omo H$_w N>Sš>o hmo. añVo _| _mÊhþ{Z Or ^r‹S> g~{~ Io{g hbU _|
{~š`mo H$mo Y§Ymo H$a, nmoa{h`mo H$a. Vy§ CÝh{Z OrdZ Vo {XµH$V Wr ahr hþB©. ß`mao XmXm OeZ Or ZµOa CZ
X`m H§$X| V à^y VmoVo X`m H§$Xmo.'' XmXm OeZ Oo Anm{hO Vo noB©. XmXm CZ Im§ {H$Vm~{Z Omo ~§S>bw
CnXoe Omo CZ _whmUo Vo {hH$X_ Agé {W`mo E| hþZ d[aVmo, OrA§ hÿ Kmo{‹S>`w{Z µO[a`o AmgmZrA gm§ hbr
AmOr{dH$m bmB {~`š mo H$mo H$_w H$mé H$aU Omo AO§ m_w gKo. Chmo N>moH$amo {hH$ AOZ~rA Io n§qhOmo h_XX©
H$`mo. ^mC OeZ CZ _whmUo Io ß`mao XmXm gmYw {S>šgr dmBS‹ >mo Wr d`m!o ß`mamo XmXm CZ Anm{hO N>mHo $a
dmgdmUrA d{Q> dR>r Am`m.o XmXm dmgdmUrA I{o g Io Q´>oZ _| Mm‹T>U bmB nwZm ñQ>oeZ Vo Am`mo. XmXm
˜Mu Sš>tXo Amgrg H$B©. CZ _whmUo Oo OrdZ _| Io{g Q´>oZ _| Mm‹T>o Sš>h én`m ˜Mu V {Sš>Zr, CZ Im§
n[adV©Z AMr d`mo.
15
dYrH$ Io{g ß`ma {Sš>Zmo. Chmo N>moH$é ß`mao XmXm Omo XmXm H$sA§ Z {hH$ AUgwÄmmVb Anm{hO Or
h_XXu E| ß`ma dmamo daVmC {Sš>gr Sš>mT>mo ˜we {W`mo. dµŠVmBVr _XX H$B©.
g§X{g A{I`w{Z _| ewH«$JwµOmarA Om Am§gy§ hþAm. yyy
bµâµO{Z Omo ˜µOmZmo
gy§hmar = gw{hUr gwahm{U = gwJš§Y n¡µJm_w = g§Xoew
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. {hH$ Ow_bo _| Odm~ {bImo :- gwdmb 4. H§$qh H§$qhIo M`mo :-
1) ""A{Q>H$b 50 `m 60 én`m {_b§Xm.''
1) XmXm OeZ dmgdmUrA Omo OZ_w {H$Wo E| 2) ""Vy§ BÝh{Z OrdZ Vo X`m H§$X| V à^y VmoVo
H$Sš>qh {W`mo? X`m H§$Xmo.''
2) g§X{g {nVm Omo Zmbmo N>mo hmo? gwdmb 5. "à§{gnb OeZ dmgdmUr' Vo n§O Ow_bm
3) OeZ dmgdmUrA E_.Eggr. H$Sš>qh nmg {bImo.
H$B©? _íµJybr - 1
4) AmB.gr.Eg. nmg H$ao hÿ N>mo Wr gKo hm?
gwdmb 2. Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :- Qw>H$a Vo AmYm[aV A_br H$_w H$[a`mo :-
1) gy§hmar {gÝY Or H${h‹S>r ˜m{g`V Amho? ß`mamo XmXm OeZ {dÚmWu .................. gµ\$é
2) g|Q> _ram H$m°boO _| ~Vmoa à§{gnb OeZ nyamo H$`mo.
Ÿ H${h‹S>m H$_ H$`m? 1. ho{R>`{Z bµâµO{Z bmB Qw>H$a _| Am`b bµâµO
3) \$mgm`b _{N>`w{Z Io OrAXmZ H$sA§
Jšmopëh`mo :-
{_{b`mo?
4) Anm{hO{Z Oo ñHy$b _| OeZ dmgdmUrA eodm g§Vw OZVm
N>m {Sš>R>mo? ........... ........... ...........
5) AU gwÄmmVb Anm{hO N>moH$ao Or XmXm
2. Mm¡Hw§$S>{Z _| _wZm{g~ bµâµO {bImo :-
H${h‹S>r _XX H$B©?
gwdmb 3. ˜mb ^[a`mo :- gmYw dmgdmUrA Oy§ {gI`mD§$
1) ............. gmYy Q>r.Eb. dmgdmUrA Omo ........... ........... ...........
dSš>mo ^mC hmo.
2) Am_oarH$m Io{g ............. gm§ gÝ_m{ZV
H$`mo.
3) hþZ gyµ\$s Xadoe .............. gmb nyam
H$ao g§gmar gµ\$a nyamo H$`mo.
4) N>moH$a Io .............. _| Mm‹T>U bmB hÿ
nwZm ñQ>oeZ Vo Am`mo.
16
3. "˜' AIa gm§ ewê$ WtX‹S> Q>o bµâµO {bImo :- (2) _wZm{g~ bµâµO {bImo :- =
1. _{N>`y§ \$mgmBU Omo gmYZw =
........... ........... ........... 1. _{N>`y§ \$mgmBªX‹S>
4. ho{R>`m§ Ow_bm {gb{gbodma {bImo :- _íµJybr - 3
1) OeZ dmgdmUrA Io "D$Wm§Q> em§{V nwañH$ma'
{_b`mo. Vìhm§ ho{R> {Sš>Zb hmbVw{Z _| N>m H§$Xm? _wV~Xb Odm~
2) OeZ dmgdmUrA _¡{Q´>H$ nmg H$B©. My§S>o g~~ {~ ~šxYm`mo :-
3) hÿ _ram H$m°boO Omo à§{gnb ~{U`mo. 1. añVo Vo Vìhm§ {hHw$ ~r_mé Hw$Vmo {Sš>gmo Wm .......
4) hþZ ~r.Eggr. nmg H$B©.
(1) `H$X_ Hw$Vo Io OmZda{Z Oo S>m°ŠQ>a d{Q>
5. ho{R>`{Z gwdmbZ Om Odm~ {bImo :- dR>r dÄmU Omo ~§Xmo~ñV H§$Xm.
1) OeZ dmgdmUrA E_.Eggr. H${h‹S>o {df`
_| H$B©? (2) H§$qh _m{ha Or _XX dR>§Xm.
2) Zm¡H$arA Om H${h‹S>m _moµŠAm OeZ dmgdmUrA (3) OmZda ajm g§ñWm Io BVbmC H§$Xm.
A{Jš`m§ _m¡OyX hþAm?
2. Vìhm§ Oo XmoñV Io n¡g{Z Or VH$‹S>r KwaO Wr Amho:-
6. Vìhm§ H$m {S>J«r hmgwbw H$ao Xoe _| Zm¡H$ar / H$_w H§$Xm (1) Vìhm§ n¡g{Z Or _XX H§$Xm.
`m {dXoe dÄmUw MmhtXm? (2) Vìhm§ Omo {dídmg Amho ""AmoY[a XmoñVrA
Or H¢$Mr Amho.''
7. BÝQ>aZoQ> Or _XX dgrbo H§$qh qgYr gyµ\$s g§V Oo ~mao (3) Vìhm§ ~¢H$ dµJ¡ah Im§ µH$µO©w {Sš>`maU _| _XX
_| OšmU hmgwbw H$ao {bImo E| {MÌ JSšx> H$[a`mo. H§$Xm.
8. Vìhm§ JwJXm_{Z, ngw{Z E| n{I`w{Z Vo X`m H$sA§ 3. Vìhm§ doeZy ImYmo ImBªX‹S> Am{h`mo, na Vìhm§ Omo
H§$Xm. g_wPm`mo. doPmo XmoñVw µJ¡a-doeZy Amho. {hZ Im§ Vìhm§ Io Bho
ImYm N>Sš>mBUm Am{h{Z :-
_íµJybr - 2 (1) gÝV{Z Om CnXoe ~šxYmBªXm.
(2) _mgw ImBU _m§ ZwµŠgmZ ~šxYmBªXm.
(1) ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :- (3) ImYo Or Jšmpëh Vo n§qhOm am`m Z _‹T>tXm.
XmXm OeZw dmgdmUrA 4. Vìhm§ {hHw$ AmXeu ZJadmgr {W`Uw Mm{h`mo Wm :-
Omo {dÚmWu (1) _hmnwéf{Z Om {H$Vm~ n‹T>§Xm.
OrdZw (2) hm{gb H$`bw kmZw A_b _| AmUtXm.
(3) g§V{Z Oo Aml_{Z _| d|Xm.
5. Vìhm§ Oo Šbmg `m nm‹S>o _| H$mo AnmhOw Amho :-
(1) Vìhm§ ha dµŠV g§X{g _XX H§$Xm.
(2) Vìhm§ h_XXu Sš>oImatXm.
(3) µOê$ar hmbV _| B© Vìhm§ _XX H§$Xm.
17
_w™V{gé ˜mH$mo
S>m°ŠQ>a MmoBWam_ {JXdmUr AmµOmXrA Omo qgYw Omo hrC Xeo ^JVš gnVy 13 gßo Q>å~a 1957
nadmZmo hmo. hþZ AmµOmXrA bmB {hH$ nV§J {O`m§ B©. Vo µ\$mZr Xw{Z`m Io Ab{dXm H§$Xo hµH$ gm§ {hHw$
g^w Hw$Pw µHw$~m©Zw H$ao N>{Sš>`mo. hÿ {gÝY àJšUo bmB {W`m.o
AmOµ mXrA Omo ê$h adm§ hAþ m.o hZþ Omo OÝ_ 25 {S>gå~a
1889 B©. Vo h¡Xam~mX (qgYw) _| {W`mo. ewê$AmVr {Sš>Zb OšmU _y{O~w _w™V{gé ˜mH$mo V¡`mé
VBbr_ H$amMr E| dYrH$ VBbr_ h¡Xam~mX Or H$[a`m.o
EZ.EM. AH$mX_r _m§ d[aVmBª.
Zmbmo :
MmoBWam_ {JXdmUrA _¡{Q´>H$ nmg H$aU Im§
nmoB "~y~H$' Zmbo {hH$ Z§T>o JšmoR> _| AMr _mñVar OZ_ Or Vmar˜ :
H$B©. hÿ CVo gw~wh Omo gdoa à^mV \o$ar E| em{JX©{Z _|
A{˜bmµH$ ^aU bmB eam~ Oo {˜bmµ\$ àMma {nUw OZ_ ñWmZ :
H§$Xmo hþAmo. ~BX _| h¡Xam~mX AMr S>m°ŠQ>arA bmB
V¡`mar H$`mBª. hþZ µH$m¡_ nañV{Z gm§ J{Sš>Or ~«÷M`© Vmbr_ :
Aml_ ~nm© H$`mo.
~«÷M`© Aml_ R>m{hU :
1914 B©. _| bmoH$_mÝ` {VbH$ _m§S>bo Oob _m§ bmB gh`moJr
AmµOmX Wr ñdamO g§K ~nm© H$`mo. hþZ g§K Oo qgYw
dmar em˜ bmB gXa O§y Odm~Xm[a`§y S>mŠ° Q>a MmBo Wam_ _hmË_m Jm§YrA :
{JXdmUrA Vo a{I`y§. hÿ 1915 B©. _| ~å~B© H$m§J«ogr gm§ bh d M‹T>
BObmg Xmoam{Z _hmË_m Jm§YrA gm§ bh d M‹T> _|
Am`mo. {hZ Jm§YrA Io {nUw qgYw AMU Or XmdV hµH$ gm§ {hHw$ {W`Uw :
{Sš>Zr; O§qh Oo ZVrOo _| {hH$ gmb A§Xa B© _hmË_m
Jm§Yr 1916 B©. _| qgY Oo Xm¡ao Vo Am`mo. 1919 B©. _|
amobQ> EŠQ> {˜bmµ\$ hbMb _| ~{hamo dR>§Xo S>m°ŠQ>a
gmh~w gË`mJ«hr {nUw ~{U`mo.
18
u 5. g_PmoVmo v
w _Zmohé MwKw x
_Zmohé MwKw AmH$medmUr _wå~B© ñQ>oeZ Vo qgYr goŠeZ _| àmoJ«m_ EŠµOrŠ`y{Q>d Am°µ\$sga Vmoa {˜µO_V
A§Om_ Sš>tXo qgYr H$bMa Io µ\$amoµJw {Sš>`U bmB ha _w_{H$Z H$mo{ee H§$Xo CVm§ [aQ>m`a_|Q> daVr. hþZ Oy§
Ho$V[a`y§ B© H$hm{U`y§ ao{S>`mo Vm§ Z{ea Wr Mw{H$`y§ Am{h{Z E| g§X{g ~š H$hmUr g§J«h "ZAm| `wJw' E| "amV JwµOar
d|Xr' {b{I`b Am{h{Z.
{µOÝXJrA Omo {~š`mo _Vb~ g_PmoVmo Amho, Bhmo {hZ H$hmUrA µO[aE g_wPm`b Amho.
emÝVrA n§qhOo _w{‹S>g Jmoq~Xam_ Io a§{YUo _m§ AMU Omo BÝVµOma H$ao ahr hþB©. OSš>qh QoŠgr AMr
gSšx> H§$Xo M`mo, ""OëXr V`ma {W`mo, {µ\$bmB©Q> V Ka Oo ~mš {ham§ nhVþ r, VS>šqh emÝVrA S>mS‹o >r dÄmr nq§ hOr
XohbrA _m§ `mh] ~Oo nhþMr d|Xr. BE§ Z {WE Omo OšmB©A gm§ ^mHw$é nmE {_br. {~šÝhr Oo A{I`w{Z _|
dMo mar {Z`mUr gZw rVm hdmB© AS>šo Vo Aìhm§ Omo BÝVOµ mé ß`ma Om Jšmo‹T>m hþAm. _mZr ImBU d{µŠV OSš>qh {hH$
H§$Xr aho. hm gwZrVm n{h[a`m| Xµ\$mo gmhþa{Z _m§ Wr Q>o~b Vo Q>oB© J{Sš>Or doR>m, VSš>qh {Ib§Xo {Ib§Xo
AMo, Io{g Q>oŠgrA _| Ka dR>r AMOmo. _Vm§ Io{g Jmqo ~Xam_ nq§ hOr YrA Io M`m,o ""nQw > gZw rVm! hdmB©
~g _| ébmBªXm AMmo. Jmo{~ÝXam_ Xa Or Mm§C{R> Vo AS>šo Vo _m§ VmIo o n{h[a`mBª V gÄw mmUo B© H$mZo g{K`{w g.
nhMþ r _ñw H$amBXª o em{§ VA Io M`m,o {~`š mo {~ H$mo hHþ $w _w _§y H$S>šqh VmIo o dño Q>Z© {b~mg _| {S>šR>mo B© H$mZo Amh.o ''
Amho N>m? gwZrVm µ\$µŠV Vw§qhOr YrA Z _w§qhOo {~ emÝVr {hHw$$ Q>{hHw$ Sš>oB© {Ibr doR>r, na gwZrVm Wmoamo
{OJa Omo Q>wH$é Amh.o emÝVr AZmIo o AX§ mOµ gm§ nq§ hOo J^§ ra Wr dam{U`m,o ""nnm! N>m H$O,o hrC g^w {dZmXo
KmoQ> Io {Sš>g§Xr ahr. Omo {µOXw Amho. {dZmoX Io gbdma Hw$Vm} `m gm‹T>r dUo
B© H$moZ. Xhbr E| ZmJnwa Or qµOXJrA _| Sš>th§ amV
{W`mo BE§ B©. OrA§ emÝVrA gmo{M`mo hmo. Omo µ\$µH©w$ Amho. Agm§ {~šÝhr Or em_ JwµOao H§$qh Z
Jmoq~Xam_w OSš>qh ZmJnwa hdmB© ASš>o Oo doqQ>J hmb _| H§$qh Šb~ _| {OVo Chm B© S>m§g. ^bm gm‹T>rA gm§
nhþVmo, VSš>qh gwZrVm n§qhOo nrC Omo AmogrA‹S>mo H$ao S>m§g H$sA§ {WE? emÝVr AO~ _| nBOr doB©. dmH$mo
ahr hþB©. {hH$ nb bmB Jmoq~Xam_w V n§qhOo YrA Io H$`mBª, ""gwZrVm Vy§ E| Šb~ _| S>mÝg!''
gwÄmmUo B© Z g{K`mo. {hZ Oo µOhZ _| n§qhOr ZddaZr
YrA Or {hH$ Vñdra hþB©. gwZrVm {hH$ D$Mr gm‹T>rA gZw rVm, _mC Io M`m,o ""AO~ w N>mo Wr ImBª __m!
_| hÿ§Xr. hÿ Z§h§ Im§ MmoQ>rA VmBª JšhU{Z _| gOm`b S>mÝg {gIU bmB {dZmXo {hH$ _hrZo bmB _mñVa aIr
hÿ§Xr. g§X{g _ñVH$ Vo q~{X`m E| gt{Y _| qgXya hÿ§Xmo. {S>šZmo hm.o CZ dmVmdaU _| nmU Io R>{hH$mBU w S>šmT>mo
MmQo >rA _| JOamo hX§ÿ m,o gC gHo $S‹ >mo ^maVr` Zmar _q§w hOo S>xš{I`mo hm.o N>m H$O,o {_R>r {~ _m{R> _Rw >r {~ _m{R>.''
gmåhÿ§ hÿ§Xr. na {hZ Oo gmåh§ÿ hþB© {hH$ {dXoer JwSš>r,
{_Zr ñH$Q>©-Q>m°n, Hw$ëho VmBª H$Q> dma, dSš>r Iw‹S>rA emÝVrA R>ha gm§ M`mo, ""nwQ>! _m§ V Vw§qhOo
gm§ g¢S>bw, Mohao Vo nmCS>a Omo _Iw E| Mn{Z Vo Jwbm~r nrC Io emXrA Im§ AJšx B© M`mo hmo V µJar~ Ka Or
{bnpñQ>H$. gwZrVm n§qhOo nrC Io {Sš>g§Xo B© {hZ Oo N>moH$arA Io emhÿH$ma Ka _| dÄmr nmU gm§ dSš>mo
AmµJmoe _| g_mBOr doB©. g_PmVo mo H$aUmo ndX§ m.o gZw rVm, _mC Io {dM _| amHo $sX¨ o
M`mo, ""__m! gdmb µJar~r E| A_rarA Omo Z Amho.
emÝVr Xa d{Q> ~rhr ML>o dµŠV Im§ QoŠgrA Oo emXrA Im§ nmoB gmhþao Ka _| N>moH$arA Io nmU gm§
19
g_PmVo mo Wmo H$aUmo nd,o Z V {Oµ ÝXJr Oµ hé ~U{O`mo dJšr. Xa emÝVrA B© Imo{b`mo, hdm Oo VoµOw PyQ>o {O`m§
ndo.'' Jmoq~Xam_w Jšmpëh Io ˜V_w H$aU bmB YrA gwZrVm nnm-nnm H§$Xo A§Xa b§Ko AmB©. Q>o~b VmBª
Im§ nw{N>`mo, ""{dZmoX H$Sš>qh Wmo AMo?'' gwZrVm nhþM§Xo, H§$qh YmaE _mÊhþA Io nrC gm§ JSšx> doR>bw
dam{U`mo, ""AR>{Z Sš>th§{Z Im§ nmoB. Mma Sš>th§ ah§Xmo. {Sš>gr, g§J_a_a Oy _yVuA {O`m§ ~wVw ~{UOr ~rhr
_m§ V {hZ _hrZo Oo {nN>m‹S>rA VmBª ahU Or _moH$b ahr. ~XZ Vo Jwbm~r g{bdma Hw$Vm}, Jbo _| Jwbm~r
dR>r AmB© Am{h`m§.'' nmoVr, b§~r MmoQ>r, O§qh Io hÿA {~šÝhr hW{Z _| Pbo
amV Omo OSš>qh emÝVr E| Jmoq~Xam_w n§qhOo H$_ao ghbmE ahr hBþ ,© A{I`{w Z _| AZmIo mo VObm,o Mn{Z
_| AHo$bm {W`m, VSš>qh Jmo{~ÝXam_ ˜werA Oo Vo _Xhmeo w _ñw H$amhQ>, {hH$ {IU bmB Vagr e_mB© Or
A{hgmg _m§ M`mo, ""emÝVr! _y§Io V gwZrVm V_m_w V{H$‹S>mo {~šE H$_ao _| hbr doB©. {hZ Or dmµH${µ\$`V
gwIr Wr bJšo. emXrA d{µŠV VmoIo AOm`mo {µ\$H«w$ Jmoq~Xam_ B© {Sš>Zr. _w§qhOr YrA gwZrVm Amho. {hZ
hmo.'' emÝVrA _w{‹S>g Io amoH$s¨Xo M`mo ""{µ\$H«w$$ V gmb ~r.Eggr. nmg H$B© AWmBª. htAa H$åß`yQ>a
_y§Io AÄmm {~ Amho. {hZ{Z {~š{Z OwXm OwXm Z{hé{Z Šbmg _| Xm˜bm daVr AWmBª. gmoM`m§ n`mo H$mo
`mZo {~{š Z OXw m H$ëMag Oo MH$sA _,| dMo mar {Z`mUr gwR>mo N>moH$am {_bo V {hZ Or emXr H$amE N>{Sš>`m§,
Z {H$Wo nr{gOr dÄm!o H${hS‹ >r hX VmBª g_PmVo mo H$§ Xr! na AXm AOšx H$ëh KmoQ> _mC Om dmV \$mQ>m n`m
˜¡a! aImo gmBªA Vo g^w ML>mB© WtXr. Am{h{Z. ^bw hmU {H$Wo Zm¡H$ar H$ao E| Hw$Pw Sš>moH$‹S>
{Sš>`U bmB O_m H$ao, OSš>qh {Z`mUrA Omo boIw
emÝVr V nmgmo damE gwåhr noB©, na Jmoq~Xam_ hÿ§Xmo VSš>qh g^w Wr d|Xmo, Zmam`UXmg Oy§ ZµOê§$ XmoñV
Io N>h _{hZm AJšx Omo Chmo Sš>thþ§ A{I`w{Z A{Jš`m§ Oo Mohao Vo hþ`y§. {OVo {dídmg Oo aoImC{Z Oo nw{R>`m§
{\$aU bJšmo, OSš>qh {hZ Oo Ka ~šm{ham§ AMr {hH$ gmµ\$ ~odgrA Oy§ aoImD§$ {~ PbH$s a{h`y§ hþ`y§.
H$ma ~rR>r hþB© E| goR> Zmam`UXmg H$ma _m§ bhr hoSš>m§h§
hmoSš>m§h§ {Zhmao a{h`mo hmo. Jmoq~Xam_w ^mHw$é nmE Io{g Zmam`UXmg Hw$Pw gmo{M`mo. XmoñV Oo hW _Wm§
n§qhOo Ka dR>r Am`mo. Sš>h gmb AJšx ~šB© {hH$ B© hWw aI§Xo M`mBª, ""AXm! Oo Vy§ Mmht V Agm§ Or
Am°µ\$sg _| ŠbmH©$$ hþAm. Zmam`UXmg Io H$m Y§Yo XmoñVr [aíVo _| ~{X{bOr gKo Wr. _w§qhOmo nwQw> {dZmoX
Or bmB©Z hW AMr doB©. {hZ X{hbrA dÄmr, n§qhOr n§Odrh{Z gmb{Z Omo Amho, Y§Yo _| _y§gm§ ~šm§h§ ~šobr
noS>r Imobr, AOšx hþZ d{Q> g^w Hw$Pw Amho. Am°µ\$sg, Amh.o Vq§w hOr YrA _I§y o {hH$ gmT‹ >rA _| Hµ $~by w Amh.o
H$ma˜mZmo, ~§Jbmo E| Jšm{Sš>`y§. Jmoq~Xam_w AOšx {~ _m§ {µ\$Xm Am{h`m§ Vw§qhOr ZoH$ {Z`V, gMmB© E|
CÝhrA Am\µ° $sg _| Amh.o ŠbmH$© $ _m§ dYr hSo > ŠbmH$© $ gmXJrA Vo. Vy§ Mmht V _m§ gw^mUo {dZmoX Io {h{V
Oo ChXo Vo a{g`mo Amho. {hZ bmB g^w {µH$ñ_V Omo Kwam`m§. Vy§ {Sš>gw E| nmU µ\o${gbmo H$[a.'' Zmam`UXmgw
Iob Amho. hÿ ha hmb _| amµOr Amho. ~šoB© XmoñV JSšx> Bhmo g^w MB© CWr I‹S>mo {W`mo.
_mZr ImBªXo {hH$ {~šE Io hmbw Ahdmbw Sš>oB© a{h`m nQ> Oy§ Jš§{T>`y§ Am{h{Z. ~šoB© µOmb _w{‹S>gw naoemZ
hþAm. H$Sš>qh _mµOrA _| {W`b KQ>ZmC{Z Io `mX hþAm. ~šoB© {hH$ {~šE Sš>m§hþ§ gdmbr {ZJmhþ{Z gm§ {Zhmao
H$ao Q{hH$ Sš>oB© a{h`m hþAm V H$Sš>qh Sš>h{Z gmb{Z Oo a{h`m hþAm. Jšmpëh Or ewê$AmV emÝVrA B© H$B©.
Aago A§Xa {hH$ {~šE gm§ nyamo gånH©$ Z aIU bmB ""Agm§ nyam nwZm, hÿ H$amo‹S>n{V. {~šÝhr Omo H${h‹S>mo
{hH$ {~šE Io Sš>moamnm Sš>oB© a{h`m hþAm. _obw! [aíVmo gy§ho {hH$ O{h‹S>{Z gm§, Agm§ Or gwZrVm
emÝVr gmåhÿ§ doR>o doR>o {~šÝhr XmoñV{Z Oo gmXr gyXr, hÿA H$sA§ R>hH$mE gK§Xr CZ Ka Or
Jšmpëh`w{Z Vo _wñH$amE ahr hþB©. AmoMVmo Xa Vo K§Q>r a{hUr H$[aUr gm§! {dPmo bmoQ>mo nmUrA Omo.''
20
Jmoq~Xam_ R>ha gm§ Odm~ {Sš>Zmo. ""~šxYw emÝVr! hm.o {~Eš S>šthþ§ g~w hw Omo OS>šqh {dZmXo Oo hW _| emÝVrA
Zmam`UXmg Io _m§ gwÄmmUm§. hÿ ZoHw$$ BÝgmZw Amho. _y§ H$m°µ\$sA Omo H$nw {Sš>Zmo VSš>qh gwZrVm n§qhOo _mC Io
gm§ Am°µ\$sg _| ŠbmH©$$ hmo. hþZ Or ^b_mÝgmB© V M`mo, ""__m! amV {hZ{Z Io Am°µ\$sg _m§ µ\$moZ Am`mo
{Sš>gw! hÿ gwZrVm Io {hH$ gm‹T>rA _| µH$~ybw H$aU hmo. {hZ{Z Io AOšx B© _§P§{X dmar {µ\$bmB©Q> _| dmng
bmB V`ma Amh.o '' emÝVrA dam{U`mh,o ""_m§ Jmš pëh hbr d{ÄmUmo Amho.'' emÝVr E| Jmoq~Xam_w {~ hþZ Io
Zmam`UXmg Or ZWr H$a`m§. N>moH$amo H$sA§ hÿ§Xmo Chmo ~š Sš>th§ ahU bmB AmµOr ZrµOmar H$B© na CZ Sš>thþ§ B© hÿ
g^w {~ gmo{M`mo. dmng XhbrA nhþMr d`mo.
gwZrVm E| {dZmoX Or emXr N>h _hZm AJšx Wr CZ amV OSš>qh goR> Zmam`UXmg nwQ> Io Ka _|
doB©. Zmam`UXmg hW Omo‹S>o Jmoq~Xam_ Io M`mo, doR>bw {Sš>R>mo VSš>qh hoamZ Wr d`mo. nwQ> Im§ nw{N>`mBª,
""Xmño V! dŠµ Vw ~{X{b`mo Amh.o Agm§ Io {~ ~{X{bOUw ""Vy§ V MB{Z Sš>th§{Z bmB ZmJnwa gmhþao d`bw hþE§.
Kaw O,o S>šVo r bVo r {~bH$w b Z, Vmo nq§ hOo Ka Omo A_ëw hþ {hH$ Sš>th§ _| dmng H$sA§ hbr AmE§? g^w R>rHw$$V
hramo Agm§Io {Sš>Zmo Amho E| ~g.'' Amho Z? {dZmoX Omo ~§Xw Qw>Q>r n`mo. ""g^w R>rH$ dar
AOšx gwZrVm N>h{Z _hZ{Z Im§ nmoB n{h[a`m| ˜mH$ Amho. hþZ{Z Omo Ké {~ H$m ahU Or OmB
Xµ\$mo noHo$ AmB© Amho. nnm!Ÿ AOšx gw~wh Omo {dZmoX Amho? Z Eo.gr. Z å`y{µOH$ {gñQ>_, éJšmo {hH$ nwamUr
Omo µ\$moZ Am`mo hmo. AOšx em_ gV| ~Oo dmar {µ\$bmB©Q> Q>r.dr E| _N>a{Z Or ^y§ ^y§. _y§Io V gOšr amV qZS> {~
_| hÿ AMr a{h`mo Amho. Agm§ ~šoB© hþZ Io dR>U H$moZ AmB© nmoB dYrH$ ahr N>m H$[a`m§? gwÄm{Z Io
hb§Xmgt, Am°µ\$sg _m§ OëXr A{MOmo. ""Z nwQ>! _m§ _w§qhOo bmB H§$qh hmoQ>b _| ahU Omo ~§Xmo~ñVw H$aUw
AOšx Am°µ\$sg B© H$moZ d|Xw{g. ZmR>r _mÊhÿ n{h[a`m| Kwa~mo hmo.'' Zmam`UXmgw Amnmo {dÄmmE doR>mo. a{‹S>
Xµ\$mo AMr a{h`mo Amho. KUoB© H$_ H$ma Am{h{Z. H$ao nwQ> Io M`mBª, ""Vy§ C^m_t N>m Vo Wmo? Vmo hþZ{Z
_mH$} Q> _m§ ˜arXmar H$[aUr Amh.o Ka Or gm\µ $ g\µ $mB© Omo {gH$ ß`mé H$moZ {Sš>R>mo, µ\${µŠV n§qhOmo gwIw E|
Amho, X[a`w{Z Om naXm ~XbmBUm Am{h{Z. Zdm§ _Zmoa§OZ {Sš>R>mo. hþZ{Z Oo µJar~rA Or _µOmµH$ Wmo
gmoµ\$m nmoe ˜arX H$aUm Am{h{Z.'' CSš>mBª! AOšx Oo _w§qhOr _{hZV E| B©ída Or H¥$nm Z
hþOo hm V Vy§ {~ ZmJnwa Oo H§$qh Mm°b _| a{h`mo n`mo
OSš>qh {dZmoX Ka nhþVmo VSš>qh {hZ Or ggw hþOt hm. `mX aIw V _m§ {~ Jmoq~Xam_ gm§ JSšx> gmJšrA
ghþao hþZ bmB Sš>h{Z Am§Lw>[a`w{Z Vo Sš>rAm ~šm[a`m, na Am°µ\$sg _| ŠbmH©$ hmo{g. Vy§ hþZ{Z Io ZmamµOw H$ao
{dZmoX ˜m_moew hmo. Z {Ib Z ˜wer µ\${µŠV gdmb {h{V h{b`mo Am`mo Amht. Vmo Bhmo {~ Z gmo{M`mo V
Omo Odm~. OSš>qh amV Omo {dZmoX E| gwZrVm H$_ao _| gwZrVm Or {X{b Vo N>m d{h`mo hÿ§Xmo. Am¡aV H$Sš>qh {~
AHo$bm hþAm, VSš>qh gwZrVm hþZ Im§ g§X{g éImB©A n§qhOo noH${Z Or ~oBµOVr ~Xm©eV H$moZ H§$Xr Amho.
Omo g~~w n{w N>`m.o {dZmXo {~Zm H$§ qh ^{y _H$m Oo Odm~w hþZ V ha hmb{V _| g_PmoVmo H$`mo Amho. N>m ah§Xr
{Sš>Zmo ""_m§ {h{V ahr H$moZ gK§Xw{g. ~š añVm Am{h{Z. Vw§qhOr BµOV gwZrVm Oo _Z _|! Chmo BÝgmZ B© H${h‹S>mo
hbw V H§$qh hmoQ>b _| hbr ahÿ§ `m gw^mUo _m§ dmng Omo hmbVw{Z gm§ nmU Io Z R>{hH$mE.'' Bhmo g^w MB©
hbr dÄmm.§ '' gZw rVm g_Pr dBo ,© na {h_W H$ao M`mB,ª Zmam`UXmg hW bmSo >štXmo nq§ hOo H$_ao _| h{b`mo d`m.o
""{~Ýhr hmbV{w Z _| _q§w hOo _mBQ>{Z Or ~o BOµ Vr Amh.o
_{ha~mZr H$ao _y§ Vo, A{hgmZw H§$Xo µ\${µŠV ~š Sš>th§ {dZmoXw `{H$X_w C{W`mo. µ\$moZ Vo gmhþao Ka Omo
{h{V ahmo, dar H$Sš>qh {~ _m§ Vìhm§Io {h{V ahU bmB Z§~a \o$am`mBª. µ\$moZ gwZrVm B© I§`mo. ""gwZrVm! I am
µOmoa H$moZ H§$X{g.'' na {dZmoX Omo ZZmo AIé Z B© Sorry! _y§Io BE§ hbr AMUw Z Kw[a~mo hmo. __r E|
21
nnm Im§ _w§qhOo V[aµ\$m§ _m°µ\$s d{R>{O. _m§ {~šE hµâVo gZw rVm Oo A{I`{w Z _| A{hgmZ Om Jmš T‹o >m hAþ m.
dmn{g AMm§ Wmo. Mma Sš>th§ JSšx> ahr, XhbrA J{Sš>Or hþZ µ\${µŠV M`mo, Thank You!
dmn{g BXª mgt.''
bµâµO{Z Omo ˜µOmZmo
AmogrA‹S>mo = BÝVµOmé Sš>moamnmo {Sš>`Uw = _{hUmo {Sš>`Uw
^b_mZgmB© = gwR>mB© ~šm§h§ ~šobr {W`Uw = _XXJmé {W`Uw
ZddaZr = ZBª emXr H$`b AmµOr ZrµOmar H$aUw = {_ÝWy§ H$aUw
Amnmo {dÄmmBU = H$m{d‹S>OUw
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. {hH$ `m {~š{Z {gQw>{Z _| Odm~ {bImo :- (3) AXX ~{Xbm`mo :-
1) emÝVrA n§qhOo KmoQ> Io OëXr V`ma {W`U 1) emXr ......................
bmB N>mo M`mo? 2) H$ma˜mZmo ......................
2) gwZrVm ~wVw ~{UOr N>mo ~rhr ahr? 3) Jšmo‹T>mo ......................
3) em§{VA Io H${h‹S>r Jšmpëh Omo {µ\$H«w$$hmo? 4) Am°µ\$sg ......................
gwdmb 2. Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :- _íµJybr
1) emXrA Im§ nmB gwZrVm _| H${h‹S>mo ~XbmC
Am`mo? Qw>H$é n‹T>r A_br H$_w nyamo H$[a`mo :-
2) Jmoq~Xam_ E| Zmam`UXmg Or XmoñVr, em§{VA R>ha gm§ M`mo, ""nwQ>! ......................
aImo gmBª Vo, g^w ML>mB© WtXr.
[aíVoXmarA _| H$sA§ ~{X{bOr dB©? (1) ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :-
3) {dZmoX dmng gmhþao Ka dÄmU Omo µ\o$gbmo Ow_bmo 1 : gwdmbw A_rar µJar~rA Omo Z Amho.
Jmš pëhmBXª S‹ >x : ...................................
N>mo H$`mo? ~Yxš X§ S‹ >x : ...................................
Ow_bmo 2 : {dZmoX H$Sš>qh Wmo AMo?
gwdmb 3. (1) {gµ\$Vy§ R>m{h`mo :- Jmš pëhmBXª S‹ >x : ...................................
~Yxš X§ S‹ >x : ...................................
1) AO~w ...................... Ow_bmo 3 : _y§Io V gwZrVm gwIr Wr bJšo.
Jmš pëhmBXª S‹ >x : ...................................
2) amV ...................... ~Yxš X§ S‹ >x : ...................................
Ow_bmo 4 : _m§ V Vw§qhOo nrC Io emXrA Im§ AJšx
3) hdm ......................
B© M`mo hmo.
4) gmbw ...................... Jmš pëhmBXª S‹ >x : ...................................
~Yxš X§ S‹ >x : ...................................
(2) {µOX {bImo :-
1) µJar~w ......................
2) A{Jš`m§ ......................
3) ~šm{ha ......................
4) Sšx>{I`mo ......................
5) ˜V_w ......................
6) A§X[a ......................
22
(2) {H$aXma{Z Om [aíVm {bImo :- emÝVr 3) aImo gmBª Vo, g^w ML>mB© WtXr.
Jmo{~ÝXam_w (C_oX, ß`ma, ˜wer)
Jmo{~ÝXam_ Or ................ gwZrVm
emÝVrA Omo ................ gwZrVm Odm~ :
{dZmoX Or ................ Jmo{~ÝXam_w 4) {µ\$H«$ V _y§Io AÄmm {~ Amho.
Jmo{~ÝXam_ Or ................ {dZmoXw ({MÝVm, _wh~V, Z{µ\$aV)
{dZmoX Omo ................
emÝVrA Omo ................ Odm~ :
(3) "emXrA Im§ nmoB gmhþao Ka _| N>mo{H$arA Io nmU (6) Qw>H$a _m§ Jšmopëh`mo :-
gm§ g_PmoVmo Wmo H$aUmo ndo.' g_wPm`mo. 1) {hHw$ A§J«oµOr bµâµOw
2) C~V‹S> _mZm dma{Z bµâµO{Z Omo {hHw$ Omo‹S>mo
(4) ho{R> {Sš>Zb Jmob _m§ _wZm{g~w bµâµO Jšmoëho brH$ 3) {hHw$ AXXw Sš>oImatX‹S> bµâµOw
{Sš>Zb bµâµO{Z ~Xam§ H${_ Am{U`mo :- 4) "{dhþ' Omo gmJšrA _mZm dmamo bµâµOw
R>mhþ, Jš{UVr, nyamo, (7) "OrAUw {hH$ H$bm Amho' BZ H$bm _| "g_PmoVmo'
Sš>thþ§, ^bmB©, MH$s Or A{hå`V {bImo.
1) VmoIo AOm`mo {µ\$H«w$ hmo. (8) ho{R> {Sš>Zb bµâµO{Z Io dY§X‹S> {gb{gbo _| {bImo.
2) aImo gmBªA Vo g^w ML>mB© WtXr.
3) gmhþao Ka _| N>mo{H$arA Io nmU gm§ g_PmoVmo 1) emXr, OZ_w, Z§T>{nUw, ~wµOwJ©w
Wmo H$aUmo ndo. 2) em_, Agwé, amV, gw~hþ
4) Jmo{~ÝXam_ Jšmpëh Io ˜V_w H$aU bmB
3) Zha, ZXr, VbmC, g_w§Sw>
YrA Im§ nw{N>`mo.
(5) {Sš>Zb {gQw>{Z _| g_m`bw OµÁ~mo My§S>o {bImo :- 4) bµâµOw, AIé, Ow{_bmo, boIw
1) emÝVrA R>ha gm§ nw{N>`mo
({gH$, Z{µ\$aV, g~wé)
Odm~ :
2) Jmo{~ÝXam_ ˜werA Oo A{hgmg _m§ M`mo
(µJ_w, OµO~mV, Zµ\$aV)
Odm~ :
23
u 6. A_wëhþ gm¡µJmV v
w x
Xw{Z`m Oo {_‹S>Zr ˜y~gyaVw [aíV{Z _m§ {hHw$$ Aìhm§Oo {X{b Or Jšmpëh Io g_Po E| gOšUw ~{UOr
[aíVmo Xmño VrA Omo {~ Amh.o Xmño V, ñQ>´rQ> bmBQ© > dmJ§ éw ghr añVmo ~VmE.
hÿ§Xm Am{h{Z. hÿ Agm§ Oo OrdZ Or amh amoeZ H§$Xm
Am{h{Z. BZ arV Agm§Omo gµ\$é AmgmZ Wr nd§Xmo gwR>mo XmoñVw hm{gb H$sA§ H$Oo! H$sA§ Jšmoëho
Amho. {hHw$ ghr E| gwR>mo XmoñVw, Agm§ Or {µOÝXJr H${T>Oo E| H$sA§ gwÄmmUo g{KOo! XmoñVrA Or H$m hX
~XbmBU _| Ah_ ^y{_H$m Wmo {Z^mE. µOê$ar Z `m n¡_mZmo Z hÿ§Xmo Amho. gwR>mo XmoñVw hm{gbw H$aU
Amho V Aìhm§ Om XmoñV n§qhOo g_m{OH$ XmBao dmam bmB Aìhm§ n§qhOr _ob Omob aIU dma{Z _m§ CÝh{Z
B© hþO{Z. Ho${VamB© ^oam ^JšdmZw Io{Z Ab{Jš Ab{Jš Vo µJm¡é H$`mo, {O{Z gm§ Aìhm§ ghO Z_yZo JšmpëhmE
ê$n{Z _| _mo{H$btXmo Amho. ngy§-nIr {~ Aìhm§ Om ~šmoëhmE gK§Xm hþOmo. CÝh{Z Oo Jšmpëh`w{Z Vo Aìhm§Io
XmoñV Wr gK{Z Wm. Ho${VamB© ^oam AMmZH$ A{h‹S>m ˜wer WtXr hþOo `m Aìhm§Oo naoemZw {W`U Vo CÝh{Z
_mÊhÿ {_br dX| m Amh{Z, OHo $o ˜Xw {~ {hH$ B_© mZXma Omo _Zw {~ CXmg WtXmo hþOo. µOê$ar Zmho V Aìhm§Omo
XmoñV Or Vbme _| hÿ§Xm Am{h{Z. XmoñVw Aìhm§Omo h_X_w hþOo, Aìhm§Oo XO} Omo hþOo,
Aìhm§ {~šÝhr Omo Y_w© `m ^mfm {hH$$ hþOo.
~«Vm{Z`m Or `yZrd{g©Q>r Am°µ\$ ZmoQ>tK_ Or
ImoOZm _yOw~w Cho _mÊhy dYrH$ ˜we ah§Xm Am{h{Z, XmoñVr H$Sš>qh {~ H§$qh gm§ {~ Wr gKo Wr.
{O{Z d{Q> nwamU{Z XmoñV{Z Omo VmXmX dYrH$ hÿ§Xmo Am\µ° $sg _| AìhmO§ r grQ> ^[agm§ dRo >bw JS>xš H$_w H$§ XS‹ >x
Amho. ImoOZm _| Bhmo {~ {Sš>R>mo d`mo Amho V {O{Z {~ Aìhm§ Omo XmoñVw Wr gKo Wmo. XmoñVrA Io b§~o
_mÊhþ{Z Io Sš>h `m dYrH$ XmoñV Am{h{Z, Cho n§O{Z dµŠV VmBª µH$mB_w aIU bmB Aìhm§ Oo ào_ E| {dídmg
`m K{Q> XmoñV{Z dma{Z _mÊhþ{Z Or ^oQ> _| dYrH$ Omo hþAUw {~ KUmo µOê$ar Amho.
˜we ah§Xm Am{h{Z. ImoOZrH${Z _yOw~w nwamUZ E|
Hµ $ar~r Xmño V{Z Omo hAþ U e™gr ˜ew rA gm§ O{w S‹ >`bw gwR>m XmoñV Aìhm§ Oo OrdZ Io gŠ`maWmo Wm
Amho. {µOÝXJrA _| ˜we ahU bmB {gµ\©$ én`{Z Omo ~UmB{Z. hmH$mar VdmZmB©A gm§ Cho Aìhm§Oo OrdZ
T>oé, dSš>m _{hbmV, _hm§{J`y§ Jm{Sš>`y§, D$Mo nX Omo OrAU Or hmogbm Aµ\$µOmB© H${Z Wm. OSš>qh
hm{gbw hþAUw B© ˜we ahU bmB H$mµ\$s Z Am{h{Z, {µOÝXJrA _| añVm ~§X Wr Wm dÄm{Z E| H$m{~ C_oX
Bho g^w e`y§ Hw$Pw nb{Z bmB ˜wer {W`y§ {Sš>`{Z. ~mµH$s ZWr ~Mo V gwR>m XmoñV B© OrAU Omo ghmamo Wm
b{o H$Z Xmño V h_eo h AgmO§ r ˜ew rA Io Hµ $mB_ XmB_ ~{UO{Z. gwR>m XmoñV Agm§ Io ~wao dµŠV _m§ ~šm{ha
aIU Omo H$_w H${Z Wm. Xmño V Agm§ Io H$w Pw ~{hVarZ H$T>r Wm dR>{Z. XmoñVr ˜werA Io ~šrUmo H$ao XwI Io
{Sš>`{Z Wm. OrdZ Or ~¡Q´>r MmO© H$aU bmB XmoñVrA {dahmE _wgr~Vy§ KQ>mBªXr Amho. {hHw$ gMmo XmoñVw ha
Or µOê$aV hÿ§Xr Amho. {hHw$ ~{hVa E| gƒmo XmoñVw hmb _| Aìhm§Omo gmWw Sš>tXmo Amho. {~Zm XmoñV{Z Oo
Chmo Amho, OoH$mo Aìhm§Or amh _| Am`b _wpíH$bmV {µOÝXJr Xwídmé hÿ§Xr Amho. Agm§Io Mmho amoAUmo hþOo
Omo hbw Wmo H$T>o. {hHw$ gMmo XmoñVw Chmo Amho OoH$mo `m {I{bUm,o {~Ýš hr hmbV{w Z _| Xmño V Oµ ê$ar Am{h{Z.
("{hÝXdw mgr' Vm§ d[aVb)w
yyy
24
bµâµO{Z Omo ˜µOmZmo
{_‹S>Zr = g{^Zr Ah_ = _w»` hmH$mar VdmZmB© = eµ\$s ~šbw
Vbme = ImoO, OmM µH$ar~r = doPm ImoOZrH$ = ImoOZm H§$Xh‹Sx>
gŠ`maWmo = gOm`mo Xwídmé = _wpíH$bw
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. {hH$ Ow_bo _| Odm~ {bImo : hmogbm Aµ\$µOmB© H$aUw ....................
1) boIH$ H${h‹S>o ˜y~gyaV [aíVo Omo {µOH«w$$ H$`mo gmWw {Sš>`Uw ....................
Amh?o
(2) {µOX {bImo :-
2) g~µH$ _| Am`b {hH$ `yZrd{g©Q>rA Omo
Zmbmo {bImo. XmoñVw ....................
nwamUmo ....................
3) XmoñV Agm§ Io N>m {Sš>`{Z Wm? ˜ew r ....................
4) XmoñVrA Io b§~o dµŠV VmBª µH$mB_ aIU µOê$ar ....................
hmH$mar ....................
bmB H${h‹S>r Jšmpëh µOê$ar Amho?
gwdmb 2. Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :- (3) {gµ\$Vy§ R>m{h`mo :-
1) Xmño V ñQ>´rQ> bmBQ© > dmJ§ éw H$sA§ hX§ÿ m Am{h{Z? ImoOZm ....................
2) gMmo XmoñVw Ho$é Amho? Ow‹S>Uw ....................
3) XmoñVrA bmB N>m µOê$ar Amho? naoemZr ....................
4) gwR>m XmoñV H$sA§ _XXJmé hÿ§Xm Am{h{Z? XmoñVr ....................
Xw{Z`m ....................
gwdmb 3. ˜mb ^[a`mo :-
_íµJybr - 1
1) Xmño V h_eo h Agm§ Or ˜ew rA Io ..........
Omo H$_w H§$Xm Am{h{Z. (1) Qw>H$é n‹T>r A_br H$_w H$[a`mo :- KUmo
2) XmoñVrA Or H$m hX `m ............... Z ~«Vm{Z`m Or `yZrd{g©Q>r ....................
hÿ§Xmo Amho. µOê$ar Amho.
1. {hH$ bµâµO _| Odm~ {bImo :-
3) gMm XmoñV Aìhm§ Oo OrdZ Io ............
Wm ~UmB{Z.
4) Agm§ Io Mmho amoAUmo hþOo `m .............
{~šÝhr hmbVw{Z _| XmoñV µOê$ar Am{h{Z.
gwdmb 4. (1) BpñVbmh{Z Or _mZm {bIr Ow_b{Z 1) `yZrd{g©Q>rA Omo Zmbmo =
_| H$_w Am{U`mo :-
µH$mB_ XmB_ aIUw .................... 2) {hH$ Xoe Omo Zmbmo =
_obw Omobw aIUw ....................
µJm¡é H$aUw ....................
25
(2) ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :- (7) ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :-
˜we ahU bmB BÝgmZ Oo ˜werA
µOê$ar Z Am{h{Z Om gmYZ
(3) ~`mZ nyam H$[a`mo :- (8) Vìhm§ "µ\«|$S>{en S>o' _ëhmBªXm Am{h`mo CZ Oo ~mao
_| n§qhOm drMma noe H$[a`mo :-
1. XmoñV Agm§ Io Hw$Pw ................
2. XmoñVrA Or H$m hX ................. (9) "XmoñVw Chmo Omo Am¡IrA dob H${_ AMo' g_wPm`mo.
3. XmoñVr H$Sš>qh {~ ....................
4. {O{Z d{Q> nwamU{Z XmoñV{Z ............. _íµJybr - 2
(4) qSš>J`{Z _| ghr `m µJbV {bImo :- (1) Qw>H$é n‹T>mo E| ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :-
1. gMmo XmoñVw _wpíH$bmVw{Z _| H$_w AMo Wmo. ( ) Hw$Pw em{JX© BåVhmZ{Z _| Zmnmg {W`{Z Wm,
Bhmo {hHw$ _gBbmo Amho. BZ Om Ho${VamB© H$maU
2. gMmo XmoñVw AqhH$mé H§$Xmo Amho. () Am{h{Z. n‹T>mB©A _| K{Q> {XbMñnr, gOšmo dµŠVw Q>r.dr.
{Sš>gUw `m _mo~mB©b _| am§{X H$aU, dµŠVw {dÄmmBUw `m
3. gMmo XmoñVwy h_ ™`mbr hþAUw KwéOo. ( ) XmoñV{Z gm§ Jn en H$aU H$ao A{h‹S>m em{JX© BåVhmZ
bmB nyar V¡`mar Z Wm H$ao gK{Z. ZVrOo Vm¡a CÝh{Z Io
4. gMmo XmoñVw AdJwU ~šxYmBªXmo Amho. () ZmH$må`m~rA Omo _w§hþ§ {Sš>gUmo ndo Wmo.
5. gMmo XmoñVw H§$qh {~ Y_© Omo Wr gKo Wmo. ( ) Bhm Jšmpëh {~ Ü`mZ OmoJšr Amho, _mBQ>{Z `m
goImatX‹S>{Z dQ>m§ Io{Z nyar ahZw_mB© Z Wr {_bo. Bhmo
(5) "gMo XmoñV _| H${h‹S>m JwU hþAUw KwaO{Z?' BZ Vo {~ {hHw$ H$maUw Wr gKo Wmo. ˜am~ g§JV H$ao {~ Ho$
n§qhOm drMma {bImo :- em{JX© n‹T>mB©A Io A{hå`V Z Wm {Sš>`{Z.
(6) ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :-
gMo XmoñV
Oy§ ˜y{~`y§
BåVhmZ{Z _| Zmnmg
{W`U Om H$maU
26
(2) _wZm{g~ bµâµO My§S>o ˜mb ^[a`mo :- 4. _wpíH$b gm¡bmo
1. D$§ X{h amoeZr 1) Xw{Z`m _| H$mo{~ H$_w ............. H$moÝho.
2) {hH$ {~šE Io _XX H$aU gm§ Sšx>{I`mo H$_w {~
1) H$_ao _| ................ g~{~ Hw$Pw {~ ZµOa
Z n`mo AMo. .............. Wr nd§Xmo Amho.
2) {gO Oo .............. _| ~šzQ>m n§qhOmo ImYmo 5. WYmo Ja_w
R>m{h{Z Wm.
1) g§^m{b! Mm§{h Sš>mT>r ................. AWoB©.
2. AmµOmXr µJwbm_r 2) .............. nmUr Sš>§X{Z Vo ˜am~w Agé H$ao
1) ^maV Xoe Io gZ² 1947 B©. _| ............... Wmo.
{_br.
6. dSš>mo Z§T>mo
2) ............... Im§ ha{hHw$ AmµOmXw {W`Uw
Mmho Wmo. 1) A§~ Omo dUw .............. Amho.
2) Jwbm~ Omo ~šzQ>mo ................. Amho.
3. ˜Mw© O_m
1) Agm§ Io ~M{V Or AmXV aI§Xo Hw$Pw aµH$_
............. H$aUw Kw[aOo.
2) Agm§ Io µOê$aV _yOw~w ................ H$aUw
Kw[aOo.
27
u 7. {_b{H$`V v
w B©ída M§Ð x
B©ída M§Ð (1937 - 1992 B©.) {gÝYr H$hmUr Zdrg{Z Or ZBª nr‹T>rA _| Ah_w OJšh dmbmao Wmo. hþZ Oo
H$hm{U`w{Z Om _O_yAm Am{h{Z "WYm Mn', "_wAb _mH$m‹oS>m', "n§qhOo B© Ka _|', "g™V Mohao dmamo _mÊhþ'
E| "_moQ>r Am`bw _mµOr'.
{hZ H$hmUrA _| ~šxYm`b Amho V gahXw{Z Oo Ama nma ah§X‹S> Am_ _mÊhþ{Z Oo {X{b`w{Z _| {hH$ {~šE bmB
Ho${Vamo ß`mé g_m`bw Amho.
X[admµOmo ImobU gm§ Adb V _m§ Sš>m§hþ{g AmUo M`mo, ""Agt em`X AÄmm {hH$ {~šE bmB
{ZhmatXmo B© a{h`w{g na nmoB _m§ AÄmm gdmbw nwN>U AOZ~r Am{h`y§... Z...? ... E| _m§ g_Pm§ Wmo, V
bmB n§qhOm Mn Imo{b`m§ B© Imo{b`m§, CZ Im§ AJšx _wbmµH$mV `m gwÄmmUn dµJ¡ah Im§ AJšx g^w BÝgmZ
B© hþZ e™g {Zhm`V AX~ {dMm§ nw{N>`mo, ""Agt {hH$ {~šE bmB AOZ~r B© hÿ§Xm Am{h{Z...''
A§X[aAMr gKy§ Wm?''
_y§ {~ Wmoamo _wH$s© dar n§qhOm gm{Jš`m ~š bµâµO
""hm hm! N>mZo ! N>mZo ! AMmo AMm!o '' E{o Vamo MdX§ o Xwham`m ""hm! em`X...!''. CZ Vo, hþZ `{H$X_
B© _w§qhOr {ZJmh CZ Am¡aV Sš>m§h§ IOšr doB© Om CZ n§qhOmo Vméµ\w$ {Sš>Zmo.
e™g gm§ JSšx> AmB© hþB© E| X[admµOo Im§ Hw$Pw na^amo,
Mwn Mmn ~rR>r hþB©. _y§ CZ AmoaV Sš>m§h§ {Zhm[a`mo V ""˜mŠgma Io _hw _X A_rZw MdX§ m Am{h{Z...
g§X{g {hHw$ hWw {Zhm`Vw ZµOmH$V {dMm§ Wmoamo _{WVo E| hrA ... OoH$m _y§ gm§ JSšx> Amho, _w§qhOr Kadmar
IOšr Am`mo nmoB© g§X{g Mn{Z hëHo$ AmdmµO _| Amh.o \µ $m{V_m!'' {IZw V[agr {hZ dar _§y Im§ gdmb
"AmXm~' MdU Oo A§XmµO _| Hw$Pw ^wU{H$`mo. _y§Io H$`mo ""Vìhm§ Omo Bñ_w earµ\$...?''
bJšmo V nH$ B© nH$, hÿ H§$qh gwR>o E| gä` Hw$Qw>å~ gm§
VmbwµHw$ aI§X‹S> Am{h{Z. _§y I{o g nq§ hOmo Zmbmo ~Yxš m`m,o V hZþ dar nq§ hOr
Jšmpëh Io A{JšVo dYm`mo. ""Agt gahX Oo hþZ nma
_§y {~ A{I`§y PHw $mE gX§ {g "AmXm~' Io BOµ V Im§ Am`m Am{h`y§ ... {dahmL>o Im§ AJšx Agt {hVo B©
{S>šZr. ah§Xm hþAmgt ... {gµ\©$ ah§Xm B© N>m, Ošmdm - {ZnZm
B© {hVo Am{h`y§ ... CZ H$ao {Xb V KU{Z gmb{Z Im§
A§X[a AMr _y§ Io{Z gmoµ\$m Vo dohU Omo Bemamo hþB©, V {hHw$ Xµ\$mo CZ Ka, CÝh{Z {K{Q>`w{Z _m§ Kw_r
H$`mo E| nmoB gdmbr {ZJmhþ{Z gm§ _m§, Sš>m§hþ§{Z {ZhmaU AMy§; {OVo Or {_Q>rA _| `ma{Z gm§ am§{X`y§-[ahm{U`y§
bJ{xš g. H$`y§ hþ`y§gt... na AXm! gahXy§ ~§X hþ`y§... CZ H$ao
{X{b n{b`mo doR>m hþAmgt... hmUo OSš>qh {~šÝhr
_w§qh{O`w{Z {ZJmhþ{Z _| {bH$b gdmb Io CZ _wëH${Z {dM_| gUmAmo dmC bJšmo Amho, VSš>qh dÄmr
e™g em`X ^m§no daVmo. BZ H$ao Wmoamo _wH$s© M`mBª, {~Ýš hr nmg{Z Om _mÊhþ {hH$ {~Eš gm§ _Iw m_bo mo H$aU
""Vìhm§ gm§ em`X hrA n{hat _wbmµH$mV Amho...''! bmBµHw$$ ~{U`m Am{h`y§...!''
_§y {g\µ $© hmH$ma {dMm§ H$§ Yw bm{o S>š`m.o OUš w MdX§ mo _I§y o ~ho {X ˜ew r Wr V _m§ CZ e™g gm§ J{S>šOr
hþOm§, ""hm! em`X...!'' a{h`mo hmo{g Omo _w§qhOo _wëH$ _m§ Am`mo hmo E| O§qh
CZ Vo CZ e™g, dar {~ Mn{Z Vo gmJšr _wH©$$
28
_wëH$ Or {_Q>rA Omo hþJšmC AOšx {~ OšUw _w§qh{O`w{Z hOo V hþHw$_w H$[a`mo...!''
Zgw{Z _| Kw_r a{h`mo Amho. _y§ CZ e™g Io ~šxYm`mo V
_m§ {~ gahX Oo hþZ nma OšmAmo hmo{g... E| bSš>nbmU _y§Io bJšmo, V WmoarA Xoa bmB hÿ e™gw OšUw
_| Agt {~ n§qhOmo _wëH$ N>Sš>o Am`m hþAmgt. H§$qh ~šr Xw{Z`m _| dÄmr nhþVmo hmo. _w§qhOo gdmb Vo
{hZ OUš w Wmao mo {N>aH$w ^ao M`m,o ""Z... Z... {˜Oµ _V
V§qh Vo hþZ M`mo, ""_y§ Io ˜~a Amho... Vìhm§ dµJ¡ah H$m{~ H$mÝho... Agt V ~g, BE§ B© Vìhm§ Io
Omo Xa ˜‹S>H$mBU Im§ AJšx Vìhm§ Oo nm‹S>o Oo B© N>moH$ao Wmoar VH$brµ\$ {Sš>`U hbr Am`mgt...!''
Im§ _§y Vìhm§ ~m~{V Wmao r Omš U hmgbw w H$ao daVr hBþ .© ..
VSš>qh V BªXo B© _y§, Vìhm§ gm§ {hVo Or _H$mZr ~šmobrA _m§ g_Pr Z g{K`w{g V hÿ Am{˜a MdUw N>m
_| H$moZ Jšmpëhm`mo...! Agt {~ hm{U CVo Vìhm§ Or Wmo Mmho! ... `m dar, Oo Am`mo Amho V H${h‹S>o H$_
~šmobr JšmpëhmBU {gIr d`m Am{h`y§.'' gm§!... hþZ em`X _w§qhOo _Z Or hmbV OšmUo daVr.
M`mBª, ""Agt Vìhm§ Omo _H$mZw {Sš>gU Am`m
BZ {dM _| _w§qhOmo Ü`mZ CZ e™g Or µOmb Am{h`.§y ..!''
Sš>m§h§ h{b`mo d`mo, OoH$m Mwn Mmn Agm§ {~šÝhr Oy§
Jšmpëh`y§ ~šxYr ahr hþB©. hÿA doMmar ~moa Z {WE, CZ _m§ dmBS‹ >mo Wr d`{w g V _q§w hOo _H$mZ _| A{hS‹ >r
H$ao {~šE H$_ao _m§ _y§ n§qhOr µOmb Io gSšx> H$`mo. hÿA H${h‹S>r ˜mg Jšmpëh Amho, Omo hÿ CZ Io {Sš>gU Wm
AmB© V _y§ Io{g ~šxYm`mo, V hrC ~šoB© gahX Oo hþZ nma Mm{h{Z.
Im§ Am`m Am{h{Z.
{hZ e™g dar JšmpëhmBU ewê$ H$`mo,
_w§qhOr µOmb {~ Sš>mT>r ˜we Wr E| _wh_X Or ""hµH$sµH$V _| bSš>nbmU Im§ AJšx, Agt {hZ _H$mZ
µOmb Oo ^a _| dohr Io{g IrH$m[a`mBª. nmoB hÿ ~šoB© {~ _| B© ah§Xm hþAmgt... Agm§ Or C{_[a Omo {hHw$ b§~mo
nmU _| Jšmpëh`y§ ~šmopëh`y§ H$aU dohr a{h`y§. hþZ Oo Agm,} {hZ{Z Xrdmé{Z _| B© JOµw [a`mo Amh,o ... AbmE
Jšmpëh`w{Z _m§ ˜~a noB©, V _Z Or H$m _wamX nyar N>mo, gmb{Z Im§ _y§Io Am§Y _m§Y gVmE ahr hþB©, V
{W`U bmB hþZ{Z gwIm H$B© hþB©, V Oo Abmhþ Vmbm dÄmr CZ AmL>U Or {_Q>rA Io {hHw$ Xµ\$mo n§qhO{Z
g§X{Z _wamX nyar H$B©, V hÿ ~šoB© {hH$ Sš>th§ ™dmOm hW{Z gm§ N>whm,§ Oq§ h Vo em_ Omo H$bmH${Z Om H$bmH$
gmh~ Oo XaJmh Vo MmXa Mm‹T>U µOê$a d|Xm. dohr, Agt Ka dmam ™dmh XmoñV X‹S>m [ahm{U`y§ H§$Xm
hþAmgt.'' E{Vamo MB© hÿ e™gw gmoµ\$m Vm§ CWr ~šm{ha
E| em`X CZ B© _µŠgX gm§ hÿ ~šoB© {hVo Am`m AL>U _| Q>hbU bJšmo. nw{R>`m§ g§X{g Kadmar {~
hþAm. Agm§ AÄmm Jšmpëh`y§ B© H$ao a{h`m hþAmgt, Omo CWr AmB©. aIr aIr hÿ e™gw Agm§ Oo Ka Oo
CZ {dM_| _w§qhOr YrA _{h_mZ{Z bmB Hw$Pw Mm§{h {^{V`w{Z Io BE§ Nw>hr a{h`mo hþAmo, OrA§ H$mo Sš>mSš>mo,
ZmíVmo IUr AmB©. gmb{Z Im§nmoB naSš>oh _m§ _moQ>r Am`b n§qhOo nmoQ>o
Io Nw>h§Xmo hþOo. {hZ Or µOmb {~ hgaV ^[a`b
hÿ ~šoB© Mm§{h nrA§Xm a{h`m E| {dM {dM _| {ZJmhþ{Z gm§ _H$mZ Oo MmoVa{µ\$$ {ZhmatXr ahr.
Agm§ Oo H$_ao _m§ AmJš§Y dµJ¡ah Io Ü`mg gm§ {Sš>g§Xm
a{h`m. hÿ e™gw H$Sš>qh H$Sš>qh n§qhO{Z AN>{Z dma{Z Hw$Pw Xoa ~¡{X, CZ e™g dar JšmpëhmBU ewê$
Vo hWw \o$ao a{h`mo hþAmo V H$Sš>qh dar A{I`y§ ~§X H$ao H$`mo, ""gMw nwN>mo!... Agm§ V CVo BE§ g_Pr doR>m
OšUw Hw$Pw gmoMU nE bJšmo. hþAmgt, V Agm§Omo _H$mZw H§$qh S>mhamE nQw> H$`mo
hX§ÿ m.o .. E| nmBo , CVo nq§ hOr _Oµ uA _Vw m{~Hµ $ H$mo ~J§ bmo
OSš>qh {~šÝhr OšU{Z Mm§{h nr bmWr, V _y§ CZ dµJ¡ah R>ham`mo hÿ§XmBª... hµH$sµH$V _| Agm§ Omo _H$mZw
e™g Im§ nw{N>`mo, ""ZmMrµO bmBµH$ H$m {˜µO_V
29
Sš>mT>mo nwamUmo hþAmo....!'' {Ibr MdUw ewê$ H$`mo, ""Vìhm§Io {hH$ _µOoXma
Jmš pëh ~Yxš m`m!§ Agm§ Or JmS>šr OS>šqh gahX Vo nhVþ r,
_y§ {~ g§X{g Jšmpëh Or nwR>^amB© H§$Xo M`mo, VS>šqh _q§w hOr {ZJmh AbmBOo N>mo Amg_mZ S>šmh§ § IOrš
""hm, Agm§ OSš>qh hrC _H$mZw daVmo hmo, VSš>qh gMw doB©. CZ dµŠV _m§ gmoMU bJšx{g V gahXw{Z Om hrC
nMw H$mµ\$s nwamUmo {nE bJšmo. na nmoB, h‹S>m§ ~š n¡gm brH$m Amg_mZ _| N>mo Zm{h{Z? nIr nIU {hH$
bJšmE, Agm§ BZ Or _am_V H$amB©... AXb! _wëH$ _wëH$ Im§ {~šE _wëH$ Sš>m§h§ CSš>m_r a{h`m hþAm. CÝh{Z
H${h‹S>o _| {~ ahOo, APmo V g^ Io Ino...!'' bmB {~ gahXw{Z Om brH$m H$moÝh{Z. nmoB ^bm Agm§
BÝgmZ{Z Oo {dM _| Bho brH$m H§$qh n¡Xm H$`m
hþZ Oo A{I`w{Z _| hëH$m bw‹S>H$ C^ar Am`m. Am{h{Z?''
^[a`b AmdmµO _| M`mBª, ""_y§Io BE§ n`mo bJšo, OšUw
_w§qhOo CKm‹S>o _H$mZ Io Vìhm§ H$n‹S>m n{hamE N>{Sš>`m H$mo {~ Odm~w Z Sš>oB©, _y§ {gµ\©$ Wmoamo _wH$s© {Sš>Zmo.
Am{h{Z.'' hþZ __Vm dMm§ dar Ka Oo {^{V`w{Z Vo
hW \o$aU ewê$ H$`m. nmoB _y§ Im§ nw{N>`mBª, ""Vìhm§ VSš>qh dar Jšmpëh Omo éIw ~XbmBU Oo ™`mb
CVo {H$Wo ah§Xm hþAm?'' Im§, _y§ Io{Z M`mo, ""~šxYmo, {hHw$ AµOw© Amho. C_oX V
Vìhm§ BÝH$mé Z H§$Xm.''
_y§ Io{g n§qhOo JšmoR> Omo Zmbmo ~šxYm`mo, V hþZ
dar {~`š mo gdmb H$`m,o ""CVo Vìhm§ d{Q> nq§ hOmo _H$mZw hþZ `H$X_ \w$‹S>VrA dMm§ Odm~ {Sš>Zmo, ""Z!
dµJ¡ah {~ hÿ§Xmo?'' Z! Vìhm§ hþHw$_w H$[a`mo...!''
n§qhOmo nmU {hHw$ WYmo eyH$mamo _w§qhOo dmV _m§ VS>šqh _§y dar dZo VrA ^aE bhOo _| I{o Z M`m,o
{ZH$ar d`mo. M`w{_, ""hm! hþAmo!'' nmoB _y§ Io{g ""_w§qhOo _wëH$ _m§ Am`m Am{h`mo... _{h_mZ V
~Yxš m`mo V H$sA§ Agt nq§ hOo Ka Io gtJmao aIr Am`m Am{h`mo... na JSš>mo JSšx> OšUw Agm§ Om n§qhOm {~
hþAmgt, V dmng V AMUmo B© Amho... gmo{M`mo Am{h`mo! Am`m Am{h`mo V {hHw$ dobmo Agm§ d{Q>
hþAmogt, V hrA bSš>nbmU V g^w AmaµOr Amho. _mZr ImB© dÄmm.o ..!''
CZ Jšmpëh Omo hÿ H${h‹S>mo Odm~ {Sš>E; Bhmo gmoMo hþZ Wmoao bOšmao bhOo _| M`mo, ""Z! Vìhm§
hÿ OšUw _w§Pr ~rhr a{h`mo. hþZ Io {~ em`X gm{Jš`mo hê$^ê$ Bhm VH$brµ\$ N>mo Wm H$[a`mo?''
B© A{hgmg {W`mo V, VSš>qh ^bm H§$qh Wo OšmVmo V
gahXw{Z Om brH$m AÄmm {~ Jham H$`m d|Xm E| _y§ M`mo, ""BZ _| VH$brµ\$ Or H$m Jšmpëh
gahX{w Z Oo H$§ S>{Z dm[a`§y Vmê$§ , BE§ BÝgmZ{Z Io nq§ hOo H$mÝho... AbmBOo N>mo, _y§Io ˜wer Wr ahr Amho...
{_Q>rA Im§ {dN>mo‹S>o N>Sš>t{X`y§. {Sš>gmo Z! amoQ>r V`ma {WE noB©... Vìhm§ bmB H$m ˜mg
V aYmB© H$mZ AW{_...!''
hþZ Or ZµOa nmoB AmL>U _| bJšb {Z_ Oo dU
Sš>m§h§ IOšr doB©. Wmoamo _wH$s© M`mBª, ""{Z_w Oo dU _m§ _w§qhOr µOmb {~ µ\$m{V_m Vo amoQ>r ImBU bmB
amoµOw Vm{µO`y§ Q>m[a`y§ nQ>o, Agt Sš>§XUw H§$Xm hþAmgt.'' µOmoé~mé AmUU bJšr. VSš>qh {hZ{Z {~ dar H$mo
Eo{Vamo MB©, {hH$ Z§T>‹S>r Q>mar nQ>o, CZ Om nZ AbJš BÝH$mar {µOXw Z H$`mo.
H$ao, hþZ Q>marA Io M~šm‹S>Uw ewê$ H$`mo. na dar Wmoamo
OÁµ ~mVr WtXo M`mB,ª ""gdmX _| H$m{o ~ \µ $Hµ $© H$mÝo h.o .. A§X[a H$_ao _| BªXo BªXo, {hZ {hHw$ Xµ\$mo a§YUo
CVo Or {Z_ Omo {~ gm{Jš`mo B© gdmXw Amho. O{h‹S>mo Sš>m§hþ§ brAmo nmVmo E| nmoB a§{YUo Or XarA Sš>m§h§ `H$
{hZ {Z_ Omo Amho...! {IZw Vagr, {hZ dar hëH$mo Q>H$ {ZhmatXmo a{h`mo. Hw$Pw Vagr {hZ _y§ Im§ nw{N>`mo,
""a§YUo Io Vìhm§ ^Ämr R>{ham`mo Amho `m ~g {gµ\©$
_Wm§ B© _am_V H$amB© AWd?''
30
_§y M`m,o ""{g\µ $© _Wm§ B© _am_V H$amB© AWD$§ .'' _m§ gOšmo dµŠVw Bhmo B© gmoMtXmo a{h`w{g, V nmU _| V
H$mo {Zµ\$mµHw$ Amho B© H$moZ... nmoB hrC g^w drN>m
hÿ CZ Jšmpëh Vo ~g Wmoamo _w{H©$`mo E| nmoB g^w H§$qh {dYm Am{h{Z Agm§ _|! ... H§$qh {dYm
A§X[a H$_ao _| h{b`m Am`mgt. Am{h{Z!''
Oogt agmoB© V`ma {WE, Vogt Agt nmU _| hÿ ~oh{X OµÁ~mV _| AMr d`mo hmo. CZ H$ao _y§
Jšmpëh`y§ H§$Xm a{h`mgt. hþZ{Z Oo Jšmpëh`w{Z _m§ bJšmo Mwnw ahUw B© dm{O~w g_wPmo.
V {~šE Sš>th§ hÿ {hVm§ admZm Wr d|Xm E| nmoB {~š`m Hw$Pw
eha Kw_§Xm Kw_§Xm n§qhOo _m{Jš _moQ>r d|Xm. VSš>qh dar hþZ _w§qhOr YrA Io nmU Sš>m§h§ gSšx>
H$ao g§X{g Hw$ëho Vo hWw aIr, _y§ Sš>m§h§ _w˜m{V~w Wr
amoQ>r ImBU d{µŠV ~šoB© OšUm ˜m_moe a{h`m. M`mo, ""AXb! hrA Vìhm§ Or B© Z, Agm§ Or {~
_y§Io bJšmo, _wh_X OšUw H§$qh J{har Qw>~šrA _| nBOr {Z`mUr Amho... d|Xo d|Xo {hHw$ ZµOamZmo Wmo {Sš>`m§d...
d`mo hþAmo. _mQo >mBOmo Z!'' H$w Pw X[o a V[agr hZþ dar M`m,o ""Vìhm§
Oo a§YUo Or XarA hoR>m§ OoH$mo VmHw$ Amho, CZ Io
amoQ>r nmUr ImB©, {hZ{Z Agm§ Im§ _moH$bmBU ^ÄmmBOmo... {_b§Xwd ... bSš>nbmU d{µŠV, d|Xo d|Xo
Mm{h`m.o BZ ZT§ >S‹ >r _bw mHµ $mV _| Agm§ {~Ýš hr H$w Q>wå~{Z Agm§ CVo n§qhOr Hw$Pw {_b{H$`V {bH$mE, {^V Io
Oo {dM _| EoVar V n§qhOmBn n¡Xm Wr doB© hþB©, Omo d|Xo qb~mE d`m hþAmgt! Vìhm§ Oo ~oBÝVhm {gH$ E| Vìhm§
d|Xo hÿ Agm§ Io {~ ZtS> Sš>tXm d`m V H$Sš>qh Agm§ Oo Omo µHw$~w© {Sš>gr gmo{M`w{_...!'' hÿ AÄmm dYrH$ Mdo B©
_wpëH$$AMmo... Vìhm§Or V n§qhOr {_Q>r Amho. Mdo; CZ Im§ AJšx _y§ Io{g MB© {Sš>Zmo, ""AXm! Vìhm§
Or {_b{H$`V Amho, Vìhm§ IUr dÄmmo... Agm§ Io
Odm~ _| _y§ ~g Io{Z EoVamo B© M`mo, ""OoH$s {~šE Omo Z Ino...!''
AZ Ob Oo Ap™V`ma, AXm!''
na {hZ `H$X_ _w§qhOr YrA Io ^mHw$a _| ^ao
Wmoamo V[agr E| Hw$Pw {h{MH§$Xo {hZ dar M`mo, M`mo, ""Vìhm§ Io ˜wXm Omo µH$g_w Am... _w§qhOmo AµO©w
""AXm! n§qhOr {Z_w Oy§ Hw$Pw Q>m[a`y§ _y§Io Q>mo‹S>U µH$~ybw H$[a`mo! AXb, YrA Or emXrA Vo Chmo g^w
Sš>tXm?... _m§ ~Vmoa `mXJma Bho nmU gm§ IUr dÄmUw H$w P,w Agm§ Oo Va\µ $m§ nq§ hOr {Z`mUrA Io {S>šOm.o ..!''
Wmo Mm{h`m.''
EVamo MdX§ o B© bS‹w >H$ Q>n Q>n H$ao hZþ Oo A{I`{w Z
_y§ M`mo, ""hm! hm! N>mo Z! ^br IUr dÄmmo...! _m§ dhU bJšm. µ\$m{V_m Oo A{I`w{Z _m§ {~ bw‹S>H$
b‹S>r Am`m! nmoB {~šÝhr `{H$X_ _w§hþ§ \o$amE V{H$‹S>m
{hZ CWr {Z_ Oy§ Hw$Pw Q>m[a`y§ Q>mo{‹S>`y§ E| BE§ VH$‹S>m µH$X_ ^aUw ewê$ H$`m.
g§^mbo hW{Z _| I§`mBª, OšUw H$mo H$M‹S>mo H$mo_b
~šmé hW{Z _| I§`mo hþOo{g. BZ ~¡{X hÿ dÄmU bJšm. Agt {Sš>g§Xm B© a{hOr d`mgt.
Agt ~šoB© µOmb _w{‹S>g, nmoB Io{Z ~šmh[aE| OS>šqh hÿ A{I`{w Z Im§ AmPo b {W`m V {S>šR>w{_;
XadmOµ o Or MmC§ R> VmBª CnS‹ >mBU d`mgt. _q§w hOr YrA µO_rZ V {hZ{Z Oo bw‹S>H${Z Or AmbmU AÄmm {~
{~ ~šm{ha {ZH$ar AmB©. _m¡OyX hþB©. _y§ Io bJšmo, OšUw n§qhOo bw‹S>H${Z Or
{_b{H$`V hÿ _w§qhOo Mm§C{R> ~šm{ham§ hmao d`m hþAm.
hþZ{Z {~šÝhr {hHw$ Xµ\$mo gOšo _H$mZ Io dar µJmoa
gm§ {Sš>R>mo. Hw$Pw Xo[a BE§ B© _H$mZ Io {Sš>g§Xm a{h`m. yyy
nmBo dar OUš w H$§ qh qZS> _m§ gOw mJxš WtX,o _hw _X
M`mo, ""{Sš>gmo! Vìhm§ Agm§Io Ho$Sš>mo Z _mZw {Sš>Zmo...
Agm§Or Ho$Sš>r Z _{h_mZ ZdmµOr H$B©... gMw nwN>mo,
31
bµâµO{Z Omo ˜µOmZmo
AmXm~ = IrH$ma, Am{O`m§ Bñ_w earµ\w$$ = Zmbmo Am[aµOr = Wmoao dµŠV bmB
^m§nUw = OšmUo dR>Uw Vméµ\w$ = gwÄmmUn _w˜m{V~w {W`Uw = ê$~ê$ JšmëhmBUw
˜mŠgma = ˜grgw [ahm{U`y§ = Jšmpëh`y§ Qw>~šrA _| ndUw = gmoM drMmé H$aUw
{XVb nbUw = ghgmBUw hþJšmC = ˜we~y gUmAmo dmC bJšUw = hmbVy§ gw{YaUw
hgaV = AmaµOy, V_Zm ~o BÝVhm = ~ohX gwIm H$aUw = ~mg ~m{gUw
OµÁ~mV = C_§J, ^mdZmC§ bhOmo = T>§Jw, Z_yZmo
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :- gwdmb 4. (1) {µOX {bImo :-
1) gahX Oo hZþ nma Im§ Am`b OmS‹o >o Or H${hS‹ >r {bH$bw ......................
AmO`m§ Wr? ewê$ ......................
JšmoRw> ......................
2) _wh_X A_rZw E| µ\$m{V_m boIH$ Oo Ka _| dm{O~w ......................
N>mo OµÁ~mVr {W`m? V{H$‹S>mo ......................
WYmo ......................
3) "{_b{H$`V' {gamo Ho${Vao µH$Xw[a R>hH§$X‹Sx> A§X[a ......................
Amh?o
gwdmb 2. {hH$ {~š{Z {gQw>Z _| Odm~ {bImo :- (2) {gµ\$Vy§ R>m{h`mo :-
1) _wh_X A_rZw E| µ\$m{V_m H${h‹S>r X[aJmh _µOmo ......................
{Sš>gU Am`m hþAm? gdmXw ......................
gdmbw ......................
2) AOZ~rA {Z_w Oy§ Q>m[a`y§ N>mo I§`y§? {X{b ......................
3) _wh_X A_rZw E| µ\$m{V_m H${h‹S>r {_b{H$`V
N>Sš>o d`m hþAm?
gwdmb 3. gmJšr _mZm dma{Z bµâµO{Z Om Omo‹S>m (3) {OÝg ~Xbm`mo :-
{_bm`mo :-
YrA ......................
1. _wH©$$ 1. Zmbmo µOmb ......................
N>moH$ar ......................
2. ˜mŠgma 2. Ym[a`mo (4) AXX ~Xbm`mo :-
3. AOZ~r 3. _wíH$ gahX ......................
AmoaV ......................
4. Bñ_w earµ\w$ 4. ˜grgw {ZJmh ......................
XadmµOmo ......................
MmXa ......................
32
(5) BñVbmh{Z Or _mZm {bIr Ow_b{Z _| H${_ (4) Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :-
1) _wh_X A_rZw Oo OµÁ~mV Omo {µOH«w$$H$[a`mo.
Am{U`mo :- 2) {dahmL>o dm[a`w{Z bSš>nbmU Oo VŠbrµ\w${Z
Omo {µOH«w$$H$[a`mo.
gUmAmo dmC bJšUw ....................
(5) {hH$ bµâµO _| Odm~ {bImo :-
_w˜m{V~w {W`Uw ....................
1) Xrdmê§$
gwIm H$aUw ....................
2) _H$mZ
gwdmb 5. H§$qh H§$qhIo M`mo Amho :-
3) Sš>oh Omo {µOXw
1) gmoM`mo hþAmogt hrA bSš>nbmU V g^w
Am[aµOr Amho. 4) Jšmo‹T>m
2) Agt A§Xa AMr gKy§ Wm.
3) OoH$s AZ Obw A™V`mé AXm!
_íµJybr 5) "W{Y' Or {gµ\$V
Qw>H$é n‹T>r A_br H$_w H$[a`mo. 6) A§J«oµOr bµâµO
_m§ dmB‹S>mo Wr d`w{g V .................... V
7) "eha' Omo {µOXw
hrA bSš>nbmU g^w Am[aµOr Amho.
(1) {Sš>Zb {gQ> gm§ dmñVoXma {gQ> Qw>H$a _m§ Jšmopëh`mo. 8) "naoemZr' Or _mZm
1) _m§ g§X{g Jšmpëh _ÄmtXo M`mo. (6) "_am_V' bµâµO _| H${_ Am§Xb AIa Jšmoëho Zdm§
2) Bhmo {dahmL>mo V Wmoao dµŠV bmB Amho. bµâµO R>mho gKO{Z Wm. {_gmb :
3) ahU Or OJšh V g{^Zr Io Kw[aOo. amV - aVw - _V - am_ - __V
4) _m§ AO~ _| nBOr d`w{g. A{h‹S>o Z_yZo "bSš>nbmU' bµâµO _| H$_w Am§Xb
(2) dµŠV gm§ bmJšmnmo aI§X‹S> bµâµO Jšmoëho Mm¡Hw§$S>o _| AIa Jšmoëho Zdm§ bµâµO R>m{h`mo.
{bImo :- (7) ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :-
dµŠV _wh_X A_rZ Oy§
_H$mZ ~m~V {µOH«w$
H$`b Jšmpëh`y§
(3) {hH$ {gQ> _| Odm~ {bImo :-
1) _wh_X A_rZw {^{V`w{Z Io N>mo Nw>hr a{h`mo
hAþ m?o
2) _wh_X A_rZw Io boIH$ Oo Ka _| H$_w
H$amBU ~m~V N>m M`mo d`mo?
3) _wh_X A_rZw bSš>nbmU Im§ AJšx {H$Wo
ah§Xmo hþAmo?
33
(8) gwdmb{Z Om Odm~ {bImo :- Ow_bmo 2 : AXb! _wëH$ H${h‹S>o _| {~ ahOo APmo V
g^ Io Ino!
1) _wh_X A_rZw n§qhOo _H$mZ ~m~V N>m
g_Pr doR>mo hmo? H§$qh : ...........................
H§$qh Io : ...........................
2) _y§Io B©E§ n`mo bJšo, OšUw _w§qhOo CKm‹S>o _H$mZ (11) {dahmL>o ~m~{V ~šxYb H§$qh {~ KQ>Zm Omo {µOH«w$
Io Vìhm§ H$n‹S>m nhamE N>{Sš>`m Am{h{Z.
_wh_X A_rZ B©E| N>mo M`mo? n§qhO{Z bµâµO{Z _| H$[a`mo.
(9) Qw>H$a _m§ _wZm{g~w bµâµO Jšmoëho Mm¡Hw§$S>m nyam H$[a`mo. (12) "n§qhOmo Ké Jwê$A Omo Xé' g_Pm`mo.
h{gaV ^[a`b A{I`w{Z _| hëH$m dYrH$ OšmU
Ka dmam ™dmh C_« Omo {hHw$ b§~mo Xoe Omo {dahmL>mo gZ² 1947 B©. _| {W`mo. O§qh g~{~
Adm_ Or dSš>o VBXmX Io bSš>nbmU H$aUr noB©. {gÝY
(10) _wZm{g~ {~`mZ {bImo :- _m§ Ho${VamB© {hÝXy {gÝYr n§qhOy§ {_b{H$`Vy§ N>Sš>o
Ow_bmo Ÿ1 : Vìhm§ CVo {H$Wo ah§Xm hþAm? {hÝXwñVmZ Oo Hw§$S> Hw$‹S>N> _| OµO~ WtXm d`m.
{dahmL>o ~m~V dYrH$ OšmU bmB Aìht ho{R>`m§ {H$Vm~
H§$qh : ........................... n‹T>r gKmo Wm.
H§$qh Io : ........................... 1. The making of Exile : Sindhi Hindus and Partition
of India.
2. Unbordered Memories : Sindhi Stories of Partions.
By : Rita Kothari
dYrH$ OšmU Aìht BÝQ>aZoQ> Vm§ {nU hm{gb H$ao gKmo
Wm.
www.partition1947.sindhibooks
34
u 8. V_mHw$$ `m {ghV v
w gånmXH$ _§S>bw x
gånmXH$ _S§ >b Va\µ $m§ V`ma H$`b {hZ bIo _| V_mH$ g~{~ {ghV Vo WtXS‹ > ZŠµw gmZ{Z ~m~{V ~Yxš m`mo d`mo Amh.o
^maV gaH$ma {nU w CZ {Zg~V Q>r.dr.A Vo BíVhma{Z E| A˜~mé{Z dgrbo g_mO _| OmJVš« m AmUo ahr Amh.o
(àmoµ\o$ga Šbmg _| Xm{˜b {WE Wmo E| g^w ~šma CZ Oo H$maU {X{b Oo ~r_m[a`w{Z E|
CWr ~rh{Z Wm) {\$\$‹S>{Z Or H¡$Ýga {W`U Omo BåH$mZw
dYr dÄmo Wmo. V_mHw$$ {N>H$U `m M~šm‹S>U
àmoµ\o$gé : AOšx _m§ Sš>mT>mo ˜we Am{h`m§! _y§ Vìhm§ Io g~{~ dmV Or Ho$Ýga Wr gKo Wr. AmC§
{hHw$ H$_w gm|{n`mo hmo. Chmo Vìhm§ {X{b AOšx Vìhm§ Om a§J~a§Jr nmoñQ>a {Sš>gr JX²
gm§ H$ao a{h`m Am{h`mo. JX² Am{h`m§. nmoñQ>a{Z _| V_mH$ Oo
BñVo_mb {˜bmµ\$ Ab{Jš Ab{Jš Zmam
Jw{µO[a`b hµâVo Agm§ V_mH$ dmhno Oo {Sš>Zb Am{h{Z. {X{b YmoSš>tX‹S> ˜m¡µ\$ZmH$
˜am~ AgamV ~m~{V Vµâgrb gm§ Jšmpëh ZVrO{Z dmam ~`mZ Am{h{Z. Vìhm§ OoH$mo
~šmopëh H$B© hþB©. nmoñQ>a R>m{hU Omo H$_w H$`mo Amho, CZ
Irê§$ bh{U`y§!
V_mH$ _| {ZH$moQ>rZ g_m`b {WE Wr AMmo V BÝh{Z nmoñQ>a{Z Or OšmU dRy>§.
OoH$m CVo{OV$H§$X‹S> (Stimulant) {WE Wr.
CZ Omo KUmo dmhnmo µOharbmo Agé H$ao drZm Vy§ ~šxYmB.
Wmo. V_mHw$${N>H$U g~{~ gmhþ IUU Oo
Zbr Or gmo{Oš (Bronchitis), _mXo E| drZm : ga! hrC {Sš>gmoŸ&
{S>`yS>o{Z_ _| \$Q> (Ulcer) {W`{Z Wm.
V_mH$ {˜bmµ\w$$ Sš>thþ§
Vìhm§ {gJ«oQw> Z nrA§Xm Am{h`mo
na {gJ«oQw> Vìhm§ Io
nrA§Xmo Amho!
àmoµ\o$gé : dmh drZm! Vw§qhOo BZ Z§{T>‹S>o noµJm_ _| J{hamo _{Vb~w g_m`bw Amho.
_wHo$e! Vy§ ~šxYmB.
_wHo$ew : ga! V_mHw$$ dmnamBU Sš>mT>r ˜am~w AmXV Amho. CZ gm§ Agm§ Oo {Oñ_ Oo g_ya{Z C{µOd{Z Vo
~XVarZ Agé ndo Wmo. BZ bmB _y§ hrC nmoñQ>a R>m{h`mo Amho :
35
V_mH$ E| Agm§ Om CµÁdm
_Jµ Oµ w {X{b
V_mH$ _| {ZH$moQ>rZ _m¡OyXw Amho, Om · {ZH$moQ>rZ {X{b Oo aVw dmhU{Z Io gmo‹T>mo H$ao
_Jµ Oµ AX§ [a H$s_`mB© VãXrb AmUo Wr, Wr E| {X{b A§X[a aV Omo Xm~šx dYr dÄmo Wmo.
OoH$m ha K‹S>rA CZ bmB {N>H$ n¡Xm
H$ao Wr E| CZ Omo BñVB_mb H§$X‹Sx> · V_mH$ aV Oo {l`m{Z`w{Z _| a§S>H$ {dP§Xo {Xb
AmXVr ~{UOr ndo Wmo!
Or ~r_mar noXm H$ao Wmo E| hmQ>© AQ>¡H$ Omo BåH$mZw
aho Wmo!
nmUw ~Mm`mo V_mH$ Im§ Xya ahmo!
M{_‹S>r E| dma dmVw E| Sš>§X
{gJ«oQw> / ~šr‹S>r {N>H$U gm§ M{_‹S>rA _| V_mH$ Oo BñVB_mb gm§ Sš>§X ˜am~w {W`{Z Wm. dmV
Kw§O nd{Z Wm E| Z§T>r C_« _| B© dma _m§ ~{X~y AMo Wr. H¡$Ýga O{h‹S>r ˜m¡µ\$ZmHw$$ ~r_mar
{nUw N>{UO{Z Wm! {nUw Wr gKo Wr!
àmoµ\o$gé : _wHo$e! Vw§qhOo nmoñQ>a Agm§ Oy§ A{I`y§ Imobo N>{Sš>`y§ Am{h{Z. g_PXmé _mÊhÿ V h_oeh V_mH$ Im§
nao B© ah§Xmo.
à_rbm! Vmo H${h‹S>mo g§Xoe {Sš>Zmo Amho?
à_rbm : ga! _w§qhOo g§Xoe _| µ\${µŠV {hH$ B© {gQ> Amho!
V_mHw$$$`m {ghV
Vìhm§ Io N>m Ino!!!
àmoµ\o$gé : à_rbm! V_m_w gwR>mo! Vw§qhOr {hH$ {gQ> KmK[a _| gmJé Amho!
amo{hV! Vmo N>mo R>m{h`mo Amho?
amo{hV : ga! _y§ "à{Vkm' R>mhr Amho!
à{Vkm
Z! Z! Z!
H$Sš>qh {~ Z!
Z _m§ {gJ«oQw> {N>H$s¨Xw{g!
Z _m§ ~šr‹S>r nrA§Xw{g!
Z _m§ V_mHw$$ ImBªXw{g!
Z _m§ JwQ>H$mo ImBªXw{g!
Z! {~ëHw$b Z!
36
àmoµ\o$gé : AmC§ MmhtXw{g V g^w em{JX© amo{hV Or `mX aImo! 31 _B© "{díd V_mH$ {˜bmµ\$
"à{Vkm' _y§ gm§ JSšx> Xw{hamB{Z. Sš>thþ§' Amho. nyar Xw{Z`m _| BZ bmB H$m`©H«$_ H$`m
dÄm{Z Wm. _yb _µŠgXw Amho "V_mH$ dmhno {˜bmµ\w$$
(em{JX© CWr ~rhr à{Vkm H${Z Wm) b‹S>mB©A _| OrV!'
àmoµ\o$gé : AOšx _y§ Io nyamo {dídmgw Amho V Vìhm§ yyy
H$Sš>qh {~ V_mHw$$Z dmnamBªXm E| Ka Ka _|
Bhmo Ý`mnmo nhþMmBªXm. g^w {ghV_§Xw hÿ§Xm
V Xoew {ghV_§Xw WtXmo.
Aä`mgw
gwdmb Ÿ1. {hH$ {gQ> _| Odm~ {bImo :- _íµJybr - 1
1) àmoµ\o$gé JX² JX² N>mo {W`mo? (1) {Sš>Zbw ˜mH$mo nyamo H$[a`mo :-
2) drZm Oo nmoñQ>a Omo Zmamo {bImo.
3) V_mHw$ dmnamBU gm§ _µJµO Vo H${h‹S>mo Agé
{WE Wmo?
4) à_rbm nmoñQ>a _| H${h‹S>r {gQ> {bIr?
gwdmb 2. ˜mb ^a`mo :- nmoñQ>a R>mhtX‹S> em{JX©
1) AMmo V CÝh{Z nmoñQ>a{Z Or .............
dRy>§. (2) "g_PXmé' bµâµO _| "Xmé' nN>m‹S>r Amho.
2) V_mHw$ dmnamBUw V_m_w ˜am~ ........... {Sš>Zb Mm¡Hw§$S>o _m§ Cho bµâµO My§{S>`mo, O{Z gm§
Amho. "Xmé' nN>m‹S>r bJšmE g{KOo Wr.
3) Vw§qhOr BZ Z§{T>‹S>r ............... _| J{hamo
_{Vb~w g_m`bw Amho. hdm - ˜am~ - emZ - _mb - V_mH$
4) ............... _mÊhÿ V h_oeh V_mH$ Im§ ˜wX - OmZ - dµ\$m - dµOZ - H$_
nao ah§Xmo.
(3) "˜moµ\$ZmHw$$' bµâµO _| Am`b "ZmHw$' nN>m‹S>rA
gwdmb 3. Wmoao _| Odm~ {bImo :- O{h‹S>m Hw$Pw {~š`m bµâµO ~šxYm`mo.
1) V_mH$ Oo dmhno _m§ H${h‹S>m ZwµH$gmZ
Am{h{Z? (4) {Sš>Zb Mm¡Hw§$S>o _m§ {ghV gm§ bmJšmnmo aI§X‹S> _wZm{g~w
2) Vìhm§ Io H${h‹S>mo nmoñQ>é d{U`mo E| N>mo? bµâµO My§S>o {bImo.
gwdmb 4. {gµ\$Vy§ R>m{h`mo :- {gO Or amoeZr - VmµOr hdm - H${gaV - P{Jš‹S>mo
H$_w ....................... V_mHw$$ - H$md{‹S> - Amam_w - _odm - V{H$‹S>mo ImBUw
Agé .......................
~`mZw .......................
OšmU .......................
37
(5) Am_XaµâV Om {Z`_ Z Q>mo‹S>U bmB "à{Vkm' Omo (2) www.http.gov.inquittobacco Vo dÄmr V_mH$
nmoñQ>a R>m{h`mo. Om ~aw m Aga nT‹ >mo E| Chmo gX§ eo g{^Zr VmBª nhMþ m`m.o
(6) _mo~mBb µ\$moZ Oo µJb{V BñVB_mb g~{~ H${h‹S>m (3) Xoe V_mH$ _wŠV {WE, BZ bmB Vìhm§ H${h{‹S>`y§
ZwµŠgmZ Am{h{Z? H$mo{eey§ H§$Xm?
(7) "aV-XmZw Sš>th§þ' ~m~{V nmoñQ>a V`ma H$[a`mo. dYrH$ OšmU
_íµJybr - 2 V_mH$ dmhnmo amoH$U bmB ^maV gaH$ma Ho${VamB©
µH$X_ I§`m Am{h{Z. OrA§ V :-
(1) Omo‹S>m {_bm`mo :-
1. Enactment of the "Cigarettes and other Tobacco
1. àOmdmXr Sš>th§þ 1. 30 OZdar Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and
Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production,
2. `moJw {Xdg 2. 12 OZdar Supply and Distribution) Act, (COTPA) 2003".
3. Q>rMg© S>o 3. 31 _B© 2. Ratification of WHO Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control (FCTC).
4. AmµOmXr Sš>thþ§ 4. 8 _mM©
3. Launch of the National Tobacco Control.
5. ZoeZb dmoQ>g© S>o 5. 29 Am°JñQ> 4. Issuance of the Food Safety and Standards
6. A§VaamîQ´>r>` _{hbm {Xdg 6. 5 goßQ>å~a (Prohibition and Restrictions on Sales)
Regulations, 2011 dated 1st August 2011, under
7. A§VaamîQ´>r>` V_mHw$$ 7. 12 OyZ the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which
lays down that tobacco and nicotine shall not be
{˜bmµ\$ Sš>thþ§ used as ingredients in any food products.
5. Notification to regulate depiction of tobacco
8. ehrXr Sš>thþ§ 8. 25 OZdar products or their used in films and TV
programmes.
9. H$mo_r am§{X Sš>thþ§ 9. 26 OZdar 6. Public awareness campaigns through a variety of
media.
10. ZoeZb `yW S>o 10. 15 Am°JñQ> 7. Increase in the Central Excise Duty and decrease
in the duty free allowance of cigarettes and other
tobacco products.
38
u 9. gmUoh Or {gH$ v
w boIamO "AµOrµOw' x
boIamO {H$íZM§X "AµOrµOw' Ho$.gr. H$m°boO ~å~B© _| qgYrA Omo àmoµ\o$gé Wr a{h`mo Amho. qgYrA Vmo‹S>o
nmagrA Omo ML>mo OšmUy hmo. hÿ ~Iw© emBa hmo, na Zgwa _| {~ Ho$ _µO_yZ {bI§Xmo ah§Xmo hmo.
O{h‹S>rA Vah {hHw$ _wgr~V µOwXh B© OšmUo Wmo Sš>oh Sš>moao dV{Z da§Xmo Amho; VSš>qh OrA§ OrA§ dVZ
V _wgr~V N>m Amho E| {dah Oo dmT>mo{‹S>E Io B© ˜~a Io doPmo nd§Xmo d|Xmo Amho, VrA§ VrA§ g§X{g {X{b Oo
Amho V {dN>mo‹S>mo H${h‹S>r ~bm Amho, V{h‹S>rA Vah X[a`mh _| Cho C_w§J{Z Oy§ N>mo{b`y§ CW§{X`y§ Am{h{Z,
gmUoh Or {gH$ Omo {~ CÝhrA Io B© namo hÿ§Xmo, O§qh Omo Ho${Vamo {~ Jhamo J§^ré gw^md dmamo BÝgmZw hÿ§Xmo,
Ka Im§ nao Kma`mo hÿ§Xmo. gmUoh Or {gH$ `m dVZ Or VSš>qh {~ {hH$ dmar Cho ZµOmam O{Z gm§ AmeZm hÿ§Xmo,
hþ~ A{h‹S>r Amho, Omo Sš>ogmda{Z _| hµOma| Xm¡bVy§ go OSš>qh ZµO[a M‹T>§X{g, VSš>qh ~o A{™V`mé {X{b
{_b{Z, ~o BÝVhm ZB_V§y E| Vah Vah Om Eeo E| Amam_ _m§ {Z{H$ar dX| {w g; Hw$Pw dµŠVw n§qhO{Z gm§ dÄmr [abr
_w`ga hþO{Z, VSš>qh {~ Cho dVZ Io ~wI{Z, Sšx>I{Z {_br AMm.§ H$o V[a`{w Z hmbV{w Z _| BE§ {~ {W`mo Amho
E| Sš>mI‹S>{Z gm§ {~ _Qw> Wr Z Wm gK{Z. {~š`mo V V Oo µO_mZo Or J{X©e Im§ n§qhOo dVZ Omo µ\${µŠV Ké
~OmB ˜wX a{h`mo na dVZ _| {~ g{^Zr Im§ Chm N>Sš>o ~šrA OmB _| a{hUmo n`mo Amho E| nmoB Oo Ka Oo
{KQ>r ng§X BªXr E| Chmo nm‹S>mo dYrH$ ß`mamo bJš§Xmo H$§ qh ^mVrA gm§ ~˜V`mdar H$B© Amho V Ogo t nq§ hOm
{OVo n§qhOmo Ké hÿ§Xmo; {_‹S>Zr Ka{Z Im§ Chmo Ké A~mUm H$I _moQ>r ˜arX Z H$`m hÿ§XmBª, Vogt gwI
dU§Xmo, {OVo _mÊhþ nbOr dS> amo {W`mo hÿ§Xmo E| Hw$br Z gwVmo hÿ§Xmo.
_mJš{Z Im§ Cho _mJš {_R>m bJš§Xm {O{Z gm§ Zg~Vy§ Ab~Vm dVZ Im§ ~šm{ha {ZH$aU Im§ nmoB B©
a{h`y§ hÿ§{X`y§. {dbm`Vw{Z _| H${h‹S>r`y§ {~ ˜w{e`y§ haH§$qh eB Omo _mZw E| _wëhþ {WE Wmo. µ\$µŠV _moVrA
hm{gbw {W`{Z E| H${h{‹S>`y§ {~ eJµ\${V{J`y§ gwh~Vy§ Omo {_gmb dR>mo V Chmo g_w§S> Oo Vao _| {gn Oo noQ> _|
{_b{Z, V {~ dVZ Or g{IUr g§JV E| µJar~mUo ahr Wm;o na OS>šqh {gn Io Jµ dmgw ~mš {ha H$T>r, gX§ {g
JwµOamZ Or {~ Vwb Z Vwar gK§{X`y§. OšUw V µHw${XaV noQw> Mrao _moVr H$T>o Wmo, VSš>qh B© CZ Omo AKw nm[a
dVZ Or ˜mH$ E| nmUrA Io Jšmoho hr µH$m{b~w R>m{h`mo {WE Wmo E| _{h~y~{Z Oo {JšMrA Omo gtJmé ~{UOo
Amho, Omo naXog _| Ho${Va{Z gwI{Z hÿ§Xo {~ gmUoh Or Wm.o H$o V[a`{w Z hmbV{w Z _| AmOµ _m`mo AW{Z V _mVo rA
{gH$ {X{b Vo XmJµ w ~{UOr Wr ndo E| dVZ Im§ ~mš {h[a Omo aµâVm aµâVm Am~w Vm~w PH$mo Wr dÄmo E| dar {~
OSš>qh H$Sš>qh {~ dVZ Omo {µOH«w$$ {WE Wmo `m `mXJrar g_w§S> Oo nmUrA A§Xa aIU gm§ _§P{g gmJšr M_H$
ndo Wr, `m dVZ Or H$m eB {Sš>gOo Wr V Chmo XmµJw Y_H$ noXm {W`mo ndo.
{MV _| A{h‹S>mo µOmoa gm§ {MUHo$ Wmo, Omo g§X{g Vm~
Im§ {~š`y§ g^w µ\$ahVy§ µJmB~w {W`mo dÄm{Z. B©amZ Oo ~mXemh emnmoa Xmo_ Or Jšmpëh H§$Xm
Am{h{Z V amo_ _| {JaµâVma Wr AMU ~B{X hþZ Or
Hµ $w {XaVr Vmao {Oñ_ bmB dVZ Or ha eB _\µw $sX V~r`V Abrbw Wr noB©. amo_ Or ehµOmXr Om _W{g
Amho; Am~hdm, ImYmo nrVmo, d|Xo Xdm X[a_b VmBª Am{eHµ $ hBþ ,© gm Obo _| {bH$s AMr gX§ {g V_o maXmar
g§X{g Agé aho Wmo. {Sš>R>mo d`mo Amho V OSš>qh _mÊhÿ H§$Xr hþB© na OrA§ nmoB VrA§ hÿ d`mo ndUmo nd§Xmo.
39
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