aanand sanskrut sampurn 9th

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gpÝV & ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>bñ¶ g#mmbH$ñ¶
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n§. Jwbm‘ XñVJra {~amgXma g§ñH¥$V^mfmä¶mgJUgXñ¶m:
(Aܶj:)

lr‘Vr Va{“Ur ImoV S>m°. ‘mYdr Omoer lr‘Vr A{XVr ‘mYdZ² lr‘Vr eodÝVr Xm“Q>
S>m°. àgmX {^S>o lr‘Vr {dkmnZm JmoH$U©H$a S>m°. ‘mYdr Zagmio
S>m°. ‘mYd Ho$iH$a S>m°. àgmX Hw$bH$Uu lr‘Vr F$Mm d¡Ú lr‘Vr ñdmVr OmYd
lr. OJXre BÝXbH$a lr‘Vr H$mÄMZ Omoer lr‘Vr AM©Zm Omoer
S>m°. ‘mYd ^wñHw$Q>o

S>m°. àkm XoenmÊS>o

lr‘Vr g{dVm dm¶i
(gXñ¶-g{Md)
àñVmdZm
g§¶ moOZ‘² … AmË‘r¶m: N>mÌm:,
lr‘Vr g{dVm A{Zb dm¶i
Aï>‘r-H$jm¶m§ g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: gwðw> n[aM¶: OmV: ñ¶mV² ¶wî‘mH$‘² & Ho$
{deofm{YH$mar, ‘amR>r {Z˶à¶w³Vm: eãXm:, H$W§ eãXmZm§ nañnagå~ÝY:, H$sÑe§ dUm©Zm‘² CƒmaU§,
H$sÑer dm³¶aMZm M B{V {df¶o ñnï>Vm ñ¶mV² & EV¡: Ed ^mfmgmYZ¡: AYwZm
{MÌH$mam¡ … gm{h˶n[aM¶: A{n àmáì¶: & g§ñH¥$Vo Ho$ H$d¶:, H$m{Z ZmQ>H$m{Z, Ho$ à‘wIm:
’$méI ZXm’$, ¶edÝV Xoe‘wI J«ÝWm: M B{V {df¶o eZ¡: eZ¡: km¶Vo Apñ‘Z² df} &

‘wIn¥ð>‘² … ^mfmgyÌofw ZyVZeãXmZm§, bH$mamUm§ {d{dYì¶mH$aU{~ÝXÿZm§ M kmnZ§
¶edÝV Xoe‘wI ^d{V & Ahmo ! ì¶mH$aU{Z~ÕVm g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: B˶{n H$Xm{MV² CÛoJ:
^doV² & qH$ {dZm ì¶mH$aU§ ^mfmܶ¶Z§ Z e³¶Vo ? Am‘² e³¶Vo & Apñ‘Z²
Aja¶moOZ‘² … nwñVHo$ "aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘²' B{V {deofnmR>‘m{bH$mÛmam ^mfm¶m: à˶jà¶moJ:,
^mfm{d^mJ: "^mfmgyÌ'Ûmam ^mfm{gÕmÝV: M B˶Z¶mo: {‘lar{V: Añ‘m{^: Am{lVm &

nmR>çnwñVH$‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo. gd©Xm ñ‘aV-
Aì¶mH$aU‘YrV§ {^ÞÐmoʶm Va{“UrVaU‘² &
{Z{‘©{V: … ^ofO‘n϶g{hV§ ̶{‘X‘H¥$V§ da§ Z H¥$V‘² &&
g{ƒXmZÝX Am’$io, AdJ‘ZoZ {dZm n{R>V§ a{Q>V§ M {dñ‘¥V§ ^d{V, AdJ˶ Aä¶mgoZ
à¶w³V§ gd©Xm Ed ñ‘aUo {Vð>{V &
‘w»¶{Z{‘©{V-A{YH$mar eãXgånX: {dZm, ^mfm{Z¶‘mZm§ kmZoZ {dZm ZyVZ^mfmܶ¶Z‘² AnyU©‘² &
ldU§-^mfU§-nR>Z§-boIZ‘² B{V ^mfmgmonmZm{Z H«$‘e: AmamohV &
amOoÝÐ {MÝXaH$a, AZoZ nwñVH$‘mܶ‘oZ doXm:, Cn{ZfX:, ‘hmH$mì¶m{Z, n#mVÝ̧,
gw^m{fVm{Z M B{V g§ñH¥$VJ«ÝWgånX² ¶wî‘mH§$ nwaV: CnñWm{nVm & Añ¶m§
{Z{‘©{V-A{YH$mar {MaZyVZm¶m§ g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶g¥îQ>çm‘² AmZÝXoZ a‘Üd‘² &

H$mJX‘² …
70 GSM Creamwove

‘wÐUmXoe: …


‘wÐH$: …


‘w»¶g‘Ýd¶H$:
lr‘Vr àmMr aqdÐ gmR>o

àH$meH$: nwUo (S>m°. gw{Zb ‘Ja)
{ddoH$ CÎm‘ Jmogmdr {XZm‘$: - 28 E{àb, 2017, Ajæ¶V¥Vr¶m gÄMmbH$:
^maVr¶ gm¡a : 8 d¡emI 1939
{Z¶ÝÌH$: ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm
nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V‘ÊS>b‘², Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo.

à^mXodr, ‘wå~B© - 25.

^maVñ¶ g§{dYmZ‘²

àñVmdZm

d¶§, ^maVñ¶ OZm:, ^maV§ gånyU©à^wËdgånÞ§, g‘mOdm{XZ§,
gåàXm¶{Zanoj§, bmoH$VÝÌmË‘H§$ JUamÁ¶§ {dYmVw§, Vñ¶
g‘ñVmZ² ZmJ[aH$m§ü

gm‘m{OH$‘², Am{W©H§$, amOZr{VH§$ M ݶm¶§,
{dMmañ¶, A{^춺o$:, AmñWm¶m:, Y‘©ñ¶,
CnmgZm¶mü ñdVÝÌVm§,
à{Vð>m¶m:, Adgañ¶ M g‘Vm§ àmn{¶Vw§;
Vofw gd}fw M
ì¶{º$Jm¡adñ¶ amï´>ñ¶ EH$Vm¶m:,
AIÊS>Vm¶mü gw{Züm{¶H$m§ ~ÝYwVm§
dY©{¶Vw§;
H¥$VÑT>g‘ ënm: Añ¶m‘² Añ‘Xr¶m¶m§ g§{dYmZg^m¶m‘²
AÚ, p¼ñVr¶o 1949 V‘o df} Zdå~a‘mgñ¶ 26-V‘o {XZo
(2006-V‘o {dH«$‘g§dËgao ‘mJ©erf} ewŠbnjo gáå¶m§ {VWm¡)
EVoZ BX§ g§{dYmZ‘² A“rH¥$V‘², A{Y{Z¶{‘V‘², AmË‘m{n©V§ M
Hw$‘©ho &

 amï´>JrV‘²

OZJU‘Z-A{YZm¶H$ O¶ ho
^maV-^m½¶{dYmVm &

n§Om~, {g§Yw, JwOamV, ‘amR>m,
Ðm{dS>, CËH$b, ~§J,

{d§Ü¶, {h‘mMb, ¶‘wZm, J§Jm,
CÀN>b Ob{YVa§J,

Vd ew^ Zm‘o OmJo, Vd ew^ Am{eg ‘mJo,
Jmho Vd O¶JmWm,

OZJU ‘§JbXm¶H$ O¶ ho,
^maV-^m½¶{dYmVm &

O¶ ho, O¶ ho, O¶ ho,
O¶ O¶ O¶ O¶ ho &&

à{Vkm

^maVmo ‘‘ Xoemo@¶§ ^maVr¶mü ~mÝYdm: &
namZwap³Vapñ‘Z² ‘o Xoeo@pñV ‘‘ gd©Xm &&1&&

g‘¥Õm {d{dYmümñ¶ ¶m Xoeñ¶ naånam: &
gpÝV Vm: à{V ‘o {Z˶‘{^‘mZmoÞV§ {ea: &&2&&

à¶{Vî¶o gXm Mmh‘mgmX{¶Vw‘h©Vm‘² &
¶oZ Vmgm§ ^{dî¶m{‘ lÕm¶w³V: nXmZwJ: &&3&&

g§‘mZ¶o¶§ {nVam¡ d¶moÁ¶oð>mZ² Jwê§$ñVWm &
gm¡OݶoZ¡d dV}¶ VWm gd£ah§ gXm &&4&&

ñdH$s¶oZ {h XoeoZ ñdXoer¶¡ü ~mÝYd¡: &
EH$mÝV{Zð>‘mMma§ à{VOmZo {h gd©Wm &&5&&

EVofm‘od H$ë¶mUo g‘wËH$f} VW¡d M &
ZyZ§ {d{Z{hV§ gdª gm¡»¶‘m˶pÝVH§$ ‘‘ &&6&&

g§ñH¥$V‘² &

Zd‘rH$jmÀN>mÌmUm§ g§ñH¥$V^mfm{df¶o AYmo{bpIVmZm§ j‘VmZm§ {dH$mg: ^doV² B{V Anojm dV©Vo &

joÌ‘² j‘Vm{dYmZm{Z
ldU‘²
1. AmH$medmʶm VWm Xÿa{MÌdmʶm àgm[aVñ¶ g§ñH¥$VdmVm©nÌñ¶ ldU‘² &
2. {ejHo$U g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ àXÎmmZm§ X¡ZpÝXZgyMZmZm§ ldU‘² AdJ‘Z§ M &
3. nmR>‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ ¶m: aMZmË‘H$H¥$Vr… {ejH$… g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ gyM¶{V, Vmgm§ ldU‘² AdJ‘Z§ M &
4. g§ñH¥$Vo nÚñ¶ N>ÝXmo~ÕVm, d¥Îmm{Z EVofm§ ldUoZ A{YH$… Aä¶mg… &

^mfU‘² 1. g§ñH¥$Vñ¶ CƒmaUd¡{eîQ>çmZm§ gå^mfU‘mܶ‘oZ A{YH$… Aä¶mg… &
nR>Z‘² 2. {ejHo$U n¥ï>mZm§ àýmZm§ g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ g{dñVa§ à˶wÎmam{U &
boIZ‘² 3. {‘Ì¡… gh g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ g§dmX… &

1. g§ñH¥$VnmR>çñ¶ AW©nyUª dmMZ‘² &
2. doX-‘hmH$mì¶-ZmQ>H$m{Xgm{h˶ofw {dÚ‘mZm: ¶m: gy³V¶… ì¶dhmao àM{bVm…, Vmgm§ nR>Z‘² &
3. g§ñH¥$VñVmoÌmUm§ ¶Wm¶mo½¶§ nR>Z‘²  &

1. Xmof{da{hV§ lwVboIZ‘² &
2. boIZ{Z¶‘mZ² AZwg¥Ë¶ n[aÀN>oXboIZ‘²  &
3. H¥$VrZm§ g§jonoU {ddoMZ‘² &

Aܶ¶Z‘² 1. g§ñH¥$VeãXH$mofñ¶ {Z¶Vmon¶moJ… eãXg‹L²>J«ho A{^d¥{Õ… M &
2. g‘ñ¶mny{V©-àho{bH$m-AmXrZm§ H$mì¶àH$mamUm§ agmñdmXZ‘² &
3. ^m{fH$H«$sS>mZm‘² AmZÝXmZw^y{V: &
4. JÚnÚmZwdmXñ¶ ñdmܶm¶… &
5. emóJ«ÝWmZm§ {df¶o {Okmgm¶m… d¥{Õ… &
6. A‘aH$mofñ¶ Aܶ¶Z‘² &

^mfmä¶mg: 1. g§ñH¥$VeãXOmbñ¶ ny{V©… &
2. ì¶dhmao g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ gabgå^mfU§ bH$mamUm‘² C{MV… à¶moJ… M & (AmkmW©: {dܶW©: M &)
3. A춶mZm§ dmŠ¶ofw C{MV… à¶moJ… &
4. gpÝY{dJ«h§ gpÝY§ M H¥$Ëdm nmR>çdmMZ‘² &
5. g‘mgmZm§ gÝX^©‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ {dJ«h… &
6. EH$V: eVn¶©ÝV§ (1-100) gL²>»¶mZm§ kmZ‘² &

nmR>çnwñVH$ñ¶ Ano{jVn[aUm‘mWª gdm©gm§ j‘VmZm§ gw¶mo½¶{dH$mgmWª à{Vgámh§ >{Vò: (3) Vm{gH$m: Ano{jVm: &

{H$‘² ApñV nwñVHo$ ?

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• nXmä¶mg: & ... 76 • KQ>H$narjm àmê$n‘² ...79

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àmW©Zm & (Ho$db§ H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

A^rpßgVmW©{gX²Ü¶Wª ny{OVmo ¶: gwamgwa¡: &
gd©{d¿ZhañVñ‘¡ JUm{YnV¶o Z‘: &&1&&

¶m Hw$ÝXoÝXþVwfmahmaYdbm ¶m ew^«dómd¥Vm
¶m drUmdaXÊS>‘pÊS>VH$am ¶m ídoVnÙmgZm &
¶m ~«÷mÀ¶wVeL²>H$aà^¥{V{^X}d¡: gXm dpÝXVm
gm ‘m§ nmVw gañdVr ^JdVr {Z:eofOmS>çmnhm &&2&&
AkmZ{V{‘amÝYñ¶ kmZmÄOZebmH$¶m &
MjwéÝ‘r{bV§ ¶oZ Vñ‘¡ lrJwado Z‘: &&3&&

H$mbo df©Vw nO©Ý¶: n¥{Wdr gñ¶em{bZr &
Xoemo@¶§ jmo^a{hV: g‚mZm: gÝVw {Z^©¶m: &&4&&
gd}@Ì gwpIZ: gÝVw gd} gÝVw {Zam‘¶m: &
gd} ^Ðm{U ní¶ÝVw ‘m H${üÔþ:I‘mßZw¶mV² &&5&&

{ejHo$U AdYmVì¶m: A§em: &
Aï>å¶m§ H$jm¶m§ ^mfm¶m: gwðw> n[aM¶: OmV: & AV: ¶mdÀN>³¶§ g§ñH¥$Vñ¶ g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ¡d nmR>Z§ ^dVw &
H$jm¶m§ g§ñH¥$VdmVmdaU§ ^doV² & ZyVZeãXmZm§ n[aM¶mW©‘² AZwdmXñ¶ Anoj¶m dñVw/H¥$qV Xe©{¶Ëdm A{^Z¶Ûmam nmR>Z§
^doV² & "aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘²/gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘²' EV¶mo: ‘mܶ‘oZ {df¶àdoe: ^doV²& "^mfmgyÌñ¶' ‘mܶ‘oZ {Z¶‘kmZ§ ^doV² &
CnñWmnZ‘², Aä¶mg: à¶moJ: M B{V {ÌgyÌr AܶmnZo Aml¶Ur¶m & nmR>[^Þm: Z¡Ho$ nyaH$m: ‘ZmoaÄOH$m: A§em:
nwñVHo$ ¶mo{OVm:, ¶Wm- nR>V-~moYV, hgV-ZÝXV, JrVm{Z, agàíZm: B˶mX¶: & Vo ^mfm{dH$mgmW©‘² Amdí¶H$m: &
^mfmä¶mgo XÎmm: H¥$V¶: nmR>ñ¶ AmH$bZmW©‘² Amdí¶H$m: & narjm{Z{‘Îm§ àmê$nmZwgma‘² Ano{jVm: àíZm: {ejH¡$:
ñd¶§ aMZr¶m: &

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & gL²>»¶m: &

1. EH$‘² 21. EH$qde{V: 41. EH$MËdm[a¨eV² 61. EH$f{ï>: 81. EH$mer{V:
82. Ûçer{V:
2. Ûo 22. Ûmqde{V: 42. {ÛMËdm[a¨eV² 62. {Ûf{ï>: 83. Ͷer{V:
84. MVwaer{V:
3. Ìr{U 23. ̶moqde{V: 43. {ÌMËdm[a¨eV² 63. {Ìf{ï>: 85. n#mmer{V:
86. fS>er{V:
4. MËdm[a 24. MVw{dªe{V: 44. MVwíMËdm[a¨eV² 64. MVw:f{ï>: 87. gámer{V:
88. Aï>mer{V:
5. n#m 25. n#mqde{V: 45. n#mMËdm[a¨eV² 65. n#mf{ï>: 89. Zdmer{V:
(EH$moZZd{V:)
6. fQ² 26. fS²{d§e{V: 46. fQ²MËdm[a¨eV² 66. fQ²f{ï>: 90. Zd{V:
91. EH$Zd{V:
7. gá 27. gáqde{V: 47. gáMËdm[a¨eV² 67. gáf{ï>: 92. {ÛZd{V:
93. {ÌZd{V:
8. Aï> 28. Aï>mqde{V: 48. Aï>MËdm[a¨eV² 68. Aï>f{ï>: 94. MVwZ©d{V:
9. Zd 29. Zdqde{V: 95. n#mZd{V:
10. Xe 49. ZdMËdm[a¨eV² 69. Zdf{ï>: 96. fÊUd{V:
11. EH$mXe (EH$moZqÌeV²) 97. gáZd{V:
12. ÛmXe 30. qÌeV² (EH$moZn#mmeV²) (EH$moZgá{V:) 98. Aï>Zd{V:
13. ̶moXe 31. EH$qÌeV² 99. ZdZd{V:
14. MVwX©e 32. ÛmqÌeV² 50. n#mmeV² 70. gá{V:
15. n#mXe 33. ̶qóeV² (EH$moZeV‘²)
16. fmoS>e 34. MVwqóeV² 51. EH$n#mmeV² 71. EH$gá{V: 100. eV‘²
35. n#mqÌeV²
36. fQ²{̧eV² 52. {Ûn#mmeV² 72. {Ûgá{V:

53. {Ìn#mmeV² 73. {Ìgá{V:

54. MVwîn#mmeV² 74. MVwñgá{V:

55. n#mn#mmeV² 75. n#mgá{V:

17. gáXe 56. fQ²n#mmeV² 76. fQ²gá{V:

18. Aï>mXe 37. gáqÌeV² 57. gán#mmeV² 77. gágá{V:

19. ZdXe 38. Aï>mqÌeV² 58. Aï>n#mmeV² 78. Aï>gá{V:

39. ZdqÌeV² 59. Zdn#mmeV² 79. Zdgá{V:
(EH$moZqde{V:) (EH$moZMËdm[a¨eV²) (EH$moZf{ï>:) (EH$moZmer{V:)
20. qde{V:
40. MËdm[a¨eV² 60. f{ï>: 80. Aer{V:

1000 - ghò‘², 10,000 - A¶wV‘², 1, 00,000 - bj‘², 10,00,000 {Z¶wV‘², 1,00,00,000 - H$mo{Q>:

EH§$ Xe eV§ M¡d ghò‘¶wV§ VWm & bj§ M {Z¶wV§ M¡d H$mo{Q>a~w©X‘od M &&
d¥ÝX§ Idm} {ZId©íM eL²>I: nX²‘íM gmJa: & AÝ˶§ ‘ܶ§ namYª M Xed¥X²Ü¶m ¶WmH«$‘‘² &&

H«$sS>m - gL²>»¶mÝdofU‘² & 5 100 37 97 14 43 30 66 81 23
g‘rno {dÚ‘mZo MVwîH$moUo EH$V: eVn¶©ÝV§ gL²>»¶m: 82 41 96 65 31 60 71 87 3 59
{b{IVm: gpÝV & EH$: JU: gL²>»¶m§ dX{V & 99 80 9 42 72 64 12 32 8 48
Ana: JU: MVwîH$moUo {dÚ‘mZm§ gL²>»¶m‘² ApÝdî¶{V & 38 74 16 35 51 15 98 36 63 58
¶Wm - EH$mXe 6 24 67 1 73 25 46 20 33 10
75 44 52 34 21 62 88 47 83 40
91 26 11 84 61 50 22 76 4 57
17 85 53 89 27 78 2 93 70 28
39 92 7 95 79 55 45 56 13 86
29 54 68 49 18 94 19 69 90 77

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & {MÌnXH$mof: &

Ûma‘² a“d„r nmXH$Q>: àYmZH$j:

Od{ZH$m n¶©L²>H$: Vën: CnYmZ‘²

AmÀN>mXH$‘² g‘rH$a: jmbZ¶ÝÌ‘² nwînmYmZr

nmH$embm ^moOZnrR>‘² dm¶wMw{„: nmÌ‘²

Xdu {‘lH$: ñWm{bH$m H$Q>mh:

1

d¥Îm¶: &

XÝVd¡Ú: n[aMm[aH$m d¡‘m{ZH$: AÝVambdra:

d¡km{ZH$: AmajH$: VjH$: Hw$å^H$ma:

^madmh: Yrda: Amn{UH$: gm¡{MH$:

VÝVwdm¶: A{^¶ÝVm nÌdmhH$: ¶mZMm{bH$m

‘mbmH$ma: bonH$ma: {ejH$: nmMH$:

2

{H«$¶m: &

O¥å^Vo कासते जिघ्रति e¥Umo{V

H¥$f{V {ZîH$mg¶{V ‘W{V/‘ÏZm{V {^Z{Îm

àjmb¶{V {ZînrS>¶{V nwQ>rH$amo{V grì¶{V

A{^Z¶{V Am{bI{V Xe©¶{V IZ{V

Adgn©{V CËßbdVo b”Vo Q>L²>H$¶{V

3

• n#mXe dm³¶m{Z & nwZ:ñ‘maU‘² &

bQ²> (dV©‘mZH$mb:) bL²> (^yVH$mb:)
nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²
nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

}g: nwéf: JÀN>{V a‘Vo AJÀN>V² Aa‘V
a‘oVo
gm H$ݶm
VX² An˶§
Vm¡ nwéfm¡
}àW‘:
nwéf: Vo H$ݶo JÀN>V: AJÀN>Vm‘² Aa‘oVm‘²

Vo An˶o

}Vo nwéfm: JÀN>pÝV a‘ÝVo AJÀN>Z² Aa‘ÝV

Vm: H$ݶm: AJÀN>: Aa‘Wm:
Vm{Z An˶m{Z AJÀN>V‘² Aa‘oWm‘²
AJÀN>V Aa‘Üd‘²
‘ܶ‘: Ëd§ JÀN>{g a‘go AJÀN>‘² Aa‘o
AJÀN>md Aa‘md{h
nwéf: ¶wdm§ JÀN>W: a‘oWo AJÀN>m‘ Aa‘m‘{h
¶y¶§ JÀN>W a‘Üdo

CÎm‘: Ah§ JÀN>m{‘ a‘o

nwéf: Amdm§ JÀN>md: a‘mdho
d¶§ JÀN>m‘: a‘m‘ho

• AdJÀN>V H$maH$m{U &

H$maH$m{U {d^³V¶: CXmhaUm{Z

1. H$Vm© àW‘m AmewVmof: Jm¶{V & (~mb) {bI{V &
a{gH$m ImX{V & (ar‘m) dX{V &
2. H$‘© {ÛVr¶m ¶mZ§ Mb{V & (nU©) nV{V &
3. H$aU‘² V¥Vr¶m gwYm§ew: ‘oK§ ní¶{V & amOm
(godH$) Amˆ¶{V &
Ah§ ‘wIoZ dXm{‘ & ajH$:
(XÊS>) VmS>¶{V &

4. gåàXmZ‘² MVwWu ‘mVm nwÌm¶ ^moOZ§ n[adof¶{V &

Y{ZH$: (¶mMH$) YZ§ XXm{V &

5. AnmXmZ‘² n#m‘r ñ¶yVmV² dó§ nV{V & (d¥j) ’$b§ nV{V &

(AmH$me) Vmo¶§ nV{V &

6. A{YH$aU‘² gá‘r N>mÌm: dJ} Cn{depÝV & IJm: (d¥j) Hy$OpÝV &

‘Ëñ¶m: (ZXr) VapÝV &

* fð>r {d^p³V: Z {H«$¶mnXgå~pÝYZr & AV: gm Z H$maH${d^p³V: &

4

àW‘: nmR>: & gwðw> J¥hrV: Mm¡a: & àW‘: KQ>H$: &

XodXÎm: Zm‘ H$mo@{n Y{ZH$: AmgrV² & EH$Xm
Vñ¶ YZñ¶yV: bwá>: & Vñ¶ J¥ho fS>² ^¥Ë¶m: AmgZ² &
Vofw Ed EH$: Mm¡a: ñ¶mV², B{V Vñ¶ ‘V‘² & Mm¡a§
J«hrVw§ g: dra~b§ gmhm涑² A¶mMV& dra~b:
AdXV², ""{‘Ì! AÚ gm¶L²>H$mbo Vd gdm©Z² ^¥Ë¶mZ²
‘‘ J¥h§ àof¶'' B{V&

¶Wm{ZpíMV§ gd} godH$m: dra~bñ¶ J¥h‘²
AmJVm: & dra~boZ nyd©‘od gd}fm§ H¥$Vo
g‘mZmoÞV¶: ¶{ï>H$m: AmZrVm: & g: godH$mZ²
AdXV², ""^mo: ní¶ÝVw, EVm: ‘m¶m¶{ï>H$m: &
Vmgw EH$m§ ¶{ï>H$m§ ñdrH¥$˶ gdo£: XodXÎmñ¶
J¥h§ JÝV춧, œ: à^mVo nwZamJÝV춑² & ¶oZ
Ho$Zm{n YZñ¶yV: Mmo[aV: ñ¶mV² Vñ¶ ¶{ï>H$m
A“x{b‘m̧ XrKm© ^{dî¶{V &''

amÌm¡ gd} ^¥Ë¶m: gwIoZ {ZÐm‘² AHw$d©Z²
F$Vo EH$ñ‘mV² & g: A{MÝV¶V², ""œ: àmV:
‘‘ Mm¡¶ª àH${Q>V§ ^doV² & AV: Ah‘² AYwZm
Ed ‘‘ ¶{ï>H$m‘² A“x{b‘m̧ H$V©¶m{‘ &''
B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm VWm H¥$Ëdm g: gwIoZ gwßV: &

AݶoÚw: bKw¶{ï>H$m§ ÑîQ‰>¡d dra~boZ Mm¡a:
gå¶H²$ kmV: J¥hrV: M & AnamYr ^¥Ë¶:
dra~bñ¶ nmX¶mo: n{VËdm ñdñ¶ AnamY‘²
A“rH¥$VdmZ²  YZñ¶yV§ M à˶{n©VdmZ² &

5

1. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MZwV & ^mfmä¶mg:

1. H$ñ¶ YZñ¶yV: bwá: ?

(A) XodXÎmñ¶ (Am) dra~bñ¶ (B) ^¥Ë¶ñ¶ > (B©) Z¥nñ¶

2. J¥ho H${V ^¥Ë¶m: AmgZ² ?

(A) n#m (Am) gá (B) fS²> (B©) EH$:

3. dra~b: H$ñ¶ {‘Ì‘² ?

(A) ^¥Ë¶ñ¶ (Am) Y{ZH$ñ¶ (B) ¶{ï>H$m¶m:> (B©) Mm¡añ¶

4. "œ: ‘‘ Mm¡¶ª àH${Q>V§ ^doV² &' B{V {MÝVm H$ñ¶ {MÎmo Om¶Vo?

(A) Xmgñ¶ (Am) dra~bñ¶ (B) Y{ZH$ñ¶> (B©) Z¥nñ¶

2. H$: H§ dX{V ?
1. ""ní¶ÝVw EVm: ‘m¶m¶{ï>H$m: &'' 2. ""{‘Ì, AÚ gm¶L²>H$mbo Vd gdm©Z² ^¥Ë¶mZ² ‘‘ J¥h§ àof¶ &''

3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & 1. dra~boZ Mm¡a: H$W§ J¥hrV: ?

4. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV & {deo² 5. {déÕmW©H$eãXmZm§ ¶w½‘§ {MZwV {bIV M &
{deofU‘² YZñ¶yV:
g‘mZmoÞV¶: nyd©‘² JVm: XrKm© OmJ[aV:
gdm©Z² Mm¡a: ^¥Ë¶: õñdm gwá: ñdm‘r
bwá: ¶{ï>H$m:
J¥hrV: ^¥Ë¶mZ² Y{ZH$: níMmV² AmJVm: X[aÐ:

6. nmR>mV² g‘mZmW©H§$ eãX§ {MËdm aoIm{M̧ nya¶V &

1) YZmT>ç: 2) nmQ>ƒa:
ñVoZ:

YZdmZ² Bä¶: VñH$a: ‘mofH$:
YZgånÞ: 4) godH$:
Xmg: n[aMmaH$:
gw{á: ñdnm MoQ>H$: {H$L²>H$a:

e¶Z‘² ñdmn: Xmgo¶:
6

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ H¥$Ëdm ?

~mbH$: nwñVH§$ nR>{V nmR>embm§ JÀN>{V M &

{dÚm{ZHo$VZ‘²

~mbH$: nwñVH§$ n{R>Ëdm nmR>embm§ JÀN>{V &

‘mVm nmH§$ H$amo{V ^moOZ§ n[adof¶{V M &

‘mVm n mH§$ H¥$Ëdm ^moOZ§ n[adof¶{V &
n{R>Ëdm, H¥$Ëdm B˶oVm{Z nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ËdmÝV-A춶m{Z &

AÛ¡V: d¥j‘² Amamoh{V Cn{de{V M &

AÛ¡V: d ¥j‘² Améø Cn{de{V &

d¥Õm Xod§ àmW©¶Vo {ZÐm§ H$amo{V M &

d¥Õm Xod§ àm϶© {ZÐm§ H$amo{V &

Améø, àm϶© B˶oVm{Z nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ë¶~ÝV-A춶m{Z &
7

ew^Xm AmnU§ JÀN>{V YZ§ XXm{V nwñVH$‘² AmZ¶{V nR>{V M &

ew^Xm AmnU§ JËdm YZ§ XÎdm nwñVH$‘² AmZr¶ nR>{V &
dmŠ¶m{Z {Zarú¶ ^oX‘² AdJÀN>V -
1. gmYd: ’$bm{Z XÎdm {ZJ©ÀN>pÝV & 1. gmYd: ’$bm{Z àXm¶ {ZJ©ÀN>pÝV &
2. d¥Õm Xod§ ZËdm H$m¶©‘² Ama^Vo & 2. d¥Õm Xod§ àUå¶ H$m¶©‘² Ama^Vo &
3. AmajH$m: Mm¡a§ VmS>{¶Ëdm H$mamJ¥h§ Z¶pÝV & 3. AmajH$m: Mm¡a§ gÝVmS>ç H$mamJ¥h§ Z¶pÝV &
4. YZ§ öËdm Mm¡a: nbm{¶V: & 4. YZ‘² Anö˶ Mm¡a: nbm{¶V: &

1. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV & 2. JUÛ¶o {bIV & gå^mfmnÌ‘²

ImX{V gpå‘ë¶ CŠËdm, nyO{¶Ëdm, gånÚ, g§ö˶, Y¥Ëdm, Ym{dËdm,

{n~{V ñ‘¥Ëdm à{dí¶, ñZmËdm, CÈ>r¶, {Z‘Á¶, AdVr¶©, CËWm¶,

gpå‘b{V Im{XËdm Améø, CËn˶, {gŠËdm, pñWËdm, M{bËdm, {ZînrS>ç,

ñ‘a{V àm߶ CX²KmQ>ç, {ZîH$mñ¶

àmßZmo{V nrËdm

3. nyd©H$mbdmMH$¶mo: Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm XrKª dmŠ¶§ Hw$éV &

‘H©$Q>: d¥jmV² -----no{Q>H$m§-----Q>mo{nH$m§ ----- ‘ñVHo$ ------ d¥j‘² Amamoh{V &
H«$sS>m - nyd©H$mbdmMH$¶mo: Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm A{VXrKª dmŠ¶§ dXV &
nR>V ~moYV ! ¶moJoZ {MÎmñ¶ nXoZ dmMm§

‘b§ earañ¶ M d¡ÚHo$Z &
¶mo@nmH$amoV² V§ àda§ ‘wZrZm§
nVÄOqb àmÄO{bamZVmo@pñ‘ &&
nmXm¡ hñVm¡ OmZwZr Ûo CaümW bbmQ>H$‘² &

Aï>m“ oZ ñn¥eoX ² ^yq‘ gm ï>m“àU{V ü gm &&

Am{X˶ñ¶ Z‘ñH$mamZ² ¶o Hw$d©pÝV {XZo {XZo &
OÝ‘mÝVaghòofw Xm[aÐç§ ZmonOm¶Vo &&

8

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ H$Vw©‘² ?

¶wdH$: {MÌnQ>J¥h§ JÀN>{V {MÌnQ>§ ní¶{V M &
¶wdH$: {H$‘Wª {MÌnQ>J¥h§ JÀN>{V? ¶wdH$: {MÌnQ>§ Ðï§w> {MÌnQ>J¥h§ JÀN>{V &

~mbH$m: J¥h‘² AmJÀN>Z² Ob§ M A{n~Z² &
~mbH$m: {H$‘Wª J¥h‘² AmJÀN>Z² ? ~mbH$m: Ob§ nmVw§ J¥h‘² AmJÀN>Z² &

• N>mÌm¡ nwñVH$mb¶§ JÀN>Vm‘² & {H$‘W©‘²? N>mÌm¡ n{R>Vw§ nwñVH$mb¶§ JÀN>Vm‘² &

• ‘oKm ’o$ZH§$ ñdrH$amo{V & {H$‘W©‘² ? ‘oKm dóm{U àjmb{¶Vw§ ’o$ZH§$ ñdrH$amo{V &

Ðïw>§, nmVw§, n{R>Vw§, àjmb{¶Vw‘² B˶oVm{Z hoËdW©H$-Vw‘ÝV-A춶m{Z &

nR>V AdJÀN>V M -

1. ewZH$m: Im{XVw‘² BÀN>pÝV & 2. Ah§ d³Vw‘² EoÀN>‘² & 3. ^madmhH$: ^ma§ dmoTw>§ e³Zmo{V &

4. Vm: Zm¶©: é{Ma§ n³Vw§$ e³ZwdpÝV & 5. OZm: ^moOZ§ H$Vw©‘² Ama^ÝV &

1. MVwWª nX§ {bIV & gå^mfmnÌ‘²
1. Ì¡-ÌmVw‘² :: J¡ -
3. nyO² - nyO{¶Vw‘² :: H$W² - 2. {‘b² -‘o{bVw‘² :: {bI² -
4. hZ² - hÝVw‘² :: ‘Z² -
5. b^²-bãYw‘² :: a^² - 6. Ñe²-Ðïw>‘² :: ñn¥e² -

2. $YmVmo: hoËdW©H$‘² A춶§ à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &

1. e¥Jmb: Ðmjm’$b‘² (ImX²) CËnV{V & 2. H$mH$: Ob§ (nm-{n~²) KQ>o Cn{de{V &

3. e¥Jmb: ‘m§gIÊS>§ (b^²) H$mH$ñ¶ ñVwqV H$amo{V & 4. ^r‘§ (hZ²) Xþ¶m}YZ: H$nQ>‘² AH$amo>V² &

5. eeH$: {ZÐm§ (H¥$) AJÀN>V² & 6. g: ņ ({bI²) boIZr§ ñdrH$amo{V &

9

{ÛVr¶: nmR>: & A춶‘mbm & (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

^mfmgw ‘w»¶m ‘Ywam {Xì¶m Jrdm©U^maVr &
Vñ¶m§ {h H$m춧 ‘Ywa§ Vñ‘mX{n gw^m{fV‘² &&
gw^m{fV§ Zm‘ emo^Z§ ^m{fV‘² & g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶o {dnwbm{Z gw^m{fVm{Z gpÝV & AënmjaËd§ gw^m{fVmZm§
d¡{eï瑲 & ‘Ywam{U Jo¶m{Z AW©nyUm©{Z EVm{Z gw^m{fVm{Z & gw^m{fVmZm§ nR>ZoZ dmUr gwg§ñH¥$Vm {ZXm}fm M
^d{V & d³V¥ËdH$bm¶m§ {ZnwUVmgånmXZmW©‘² CËH¥$ï>-{Z~ÝYboIZmWª M Vm{Z AVrd Cn¶w³Vm{Z & AV: B¶§
gw^m{fVmZm§ ‘mbm N>mÌ¡: Adí¶§ H$ÊRo> YmaUr¶m &

lmoVw§ H$Um£, d³Vw‘mñ¶§ gwhmñ¶§
K«mVw§ K«mU§ nmX¶w½‘§ {dhVw©‘² &

Ðïw>§ ZoÌo hñV¶w½‘§ M XmVw§
ܶmVw§ {MÎm§ ¶oZ g¥ï>§ g nmVw &&1&&
[¶oZ lmoVw§ H$Um£, d³Vw§ gwhmñ¶‘² Amñ¶§, K«mVw§ K«mU§, {dhVwª nmX¶w½‘§, Ðïw>§ ZoÌo, XmVw§ hñV¶w½‘§ ܶmVw§ M {MÎm§ g¥ï>§

g: (B©ída:) nmVw &]

JwUm: Hw$d©pÝV XÿVËd§ Xÿao@{n dgVm§ gVm‘² &
Ho$VH$sJÝY‘mK«m¶ ñd¶‘m¶mpÝV fQ²nXm: &&2&&
[Xÿao dgVm‘² A{n gVm§, JwUm: XÿVËd§ Hw$d©pÝV & (¶Wm) fQ²>nXm: Ho$VH$sJÝY‘² AmK«m¶ (‘YwnmZm¶) ñd¶‘² Am¶mpÝV &]

^wŠËdm V¥Um{Z ewîH$m{U nrËdm Vmo¶§ Obme¶mV² &
Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV bmoHo$ä¶mo YoZdmo bmoH$‘mVa: &&3&&
[YoZd: ewîH$m{U V¥Um{Z ^w³Ëdm Obme¶mV² Vmo¶§ nrËdm bmoHo$ä¶: Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV & (Vm:) bmoH$‘mVa: (Ibw) &]

¶ñ¶ fð>r MVwWu M {dhñ¶ M {dhm¶ M &
Ah§ H$W§ {ÛVr¶m ñ¶mV², {ÛVr¶m ñ¶m‘h§ H$W‘² &&4&&
[¶ñ¶ (H¥$Vo) {dhñ¶ (B{V) fð>r, {dhm¶ (B{V) MVwWu, Ah§ H$W§ M (B{V) {ÛVr¶m ñ¶mV² (Vñ¶) Ah§ {ÛVr¶m

(nËZr) H$W§ ñ¶m‘² ?]

ñWmZ^«ï>m Z emo^ÝVo XÝVm: Ho$em ZIm Zam: &
B{V {dkm¶ ‘{V‘mZ² ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² &&5&&
[ñWmZ^«ï>m: XÝVm:, Ho$em:, ZIm: Zam: M Z emo^ÝVo B{V {dkm¶ ‘{V‘mZ² (Za:) ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² &]

^mfmä¶mg:

ûcmoH$: 1-
1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

A) B©œaoU lmoVw§ qH$ XÎm‘² ?
A m) Amñ¶§ H$sÑe‘² ?
B) B©œaoU {dhVwª qH$ XÎm‘² ?

10

2. Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V & 3. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {MZwV {bIV M &
g‚mZm:, ^«‘am:, AmJÀN>pÝV &
qH$ XÎm‘² qH$ H$Vw©‘²? {H$‘W©‘² ?
4. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & JwUm:, Xÿao, Am¶mpÝV &
H$Um©¡ XÎmm¡ lmoVw‘² ldUmW©‘²/ldUm¶
ûcmoH$: 3 -
Amñ¶§ XÎm‘² d³Vw‘² dMZmW©‘²/dMZm¶ 1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

K«mU§ XÎm‘² K«mUmW©‘²/ A) YoZd: qH$ ^w³Ëdm Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV ?
Am) YoZd: Obme¶mV² qH$ {n~pÝV ?
nmX¶w½‘§ XÎm‘² /{dhmam¶ B) bmoH$‘mVa: H$m: ?
ZoÌo XÎmo Ðïw>‘² /Xe©Zm¶
2. ûcmoH$mV² ËdmÝV-A춶o {MËdm {bIV &
3. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV &
3. dm³¶§ n{R>Ëdm H$Vm©, H$‘© {H«$¶mnX§ M ApÝdî¶V
A Am {bIV M & Xþ½Y§ ¶ÀN>pÝV YoZd: &
H$U©: H$a:
Amñ¶‘² ajVw 4. EH$dMZo n[adV©¶V &
K«mU‘² bmoMZ‘²
nmX: lmoÌ‘² bmoH$‘mVa: YoZd: ewîH$m{U V¥Um{Z ImXpÝV &
ZoÌ‘² VwÊS>‘²
hñV: Zm{gH$m ûcmoH$: 4 -
nmVw MaU: 1. ûcmoH$mV² ë¶~ÝV-A춶m{Z {MZwV &
2. ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {MZwV &
ûcmoH$: 2 -
A) fð>r- {dhñ¶/Xodñ¶ &
1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & Am) MVwWu- {dhm¶/Johm¶ &
A) Ho$ XÿVËd§ Hw$d©pÝV ? B) àW‘m- Ah‘²/H$W‘² &
Am) Ho$ Ho$VH$s‘² Am{OK«pÝV ?
ûcmoH$: 5 -
2. g˶§ dm Ag˶§ {bIV & 1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &
A) g‚mZm: XÿVËd§ Hw$d©pÝV &
Am) fQ²>nXm: ñd¶‘² Am¶mpÝV & A) ñWmZ^«ï>m: Ho$ Ho$ Z emo^ÝVo ?
B) g‚mZm: Ho$VH$sJÝY‘² Am{OK«pÝV & Am) {H$§ {dkm¶ ‘{V‘mZ² ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² ?

2. g‘mZmW©H$eãX¡: dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
ñWmZ^«ï>m: XÝVm: Ho$em: ZIm: Zam: Z emo^ÝVo &

3. ûcmoH$mV² àW‘m{d^³Vo: ê$nm{U {MËdm {bIV &

11

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & dUm©Zm§ gmhM¶©‘²&

A B C F$ Añ‘mH$§ {^Þm{Z CƒmaUñWmZm{Z ¶y¶§
b¥ E Eo Amo Am¡ OmZrW & d¶§ gd} gh¡d {Vð>m‘…& Añ‘mH§$
nañnagmhM¶ª amoMH$‘² & ¶Xm Añ‘mgw Û¶mo…
AVrd g{ÞH$f©… ^d{V VXm ¶X² Üd{Zn[adV©Z§
^d{V g… Ed gpÝY…&

Amd¶mo… g§¶moJoZ AmH$ma… Amd¶mo: g{ÞH$f©… B©H$mao n[aU‘Vo &
^d{V& ¶Wm- ¶Wm- a{d + BÝÐ: = adrÝÐ: &
Z + ApñV = ZmpñV&

Amd¶mo… A{n D$H$ma… ^d{V & Amd¶mo… g§¶moJoZ G H$ma: ^d{V &
¶Wm-^mZw+CX¶: = ^mZyX¶: & ¶Wm- ‘mV¥+F$U‘² = ‘mV¦U‘² &

(A¶§ g‘mZmZm§ dUm©Zm§ XrK©ê$n… gpÝY… & AV… g… gdU©XrK©gpÝY… B{V CÀ¶Vo &)

¶{X Amd¶mo: A{Ve{¶V: g{Þ{Y: AC Amd¶mo: g{ÞH$f©ñ¶ n[aUm‘ê$noU
V{h© Amd¶mo: ñWmZo EH$ma: Û¶moa{n ñWmZo "AmoH$ma…' Am¶m{V &
Cn{Vð>{V & ¶Wm JU+B©e: ¶Wm-  bå~+CXa… B{V  bå~moXa…&
B˶ñ¶ CƒmaU§ JUoe: &

Amd¶mo: g§¶moJoZ Eo B{V Amd¶mo: g§¶moJoZ Am¡ B{V
gpÝYê$n: AmXoe: ^d{V & gpÝYê$n: AmXoe: ^d{V &
¶Wm- gXm + Ed B{V gX¡d & ¶Wm- J“m+AmoK: B{V J“m¡K: &

¶Xm ‘‘ g§¶moJ… ñdaoU ^d{V (B/B© ñdaoU gh (C/D$ dO©{¶Ëdm) g§¶moJoZ
dO©{¶Ëdm) VXm ‘‘ n[adV©Z§ "¶²' B{V ‘‘ ñWmZo "d²' B{V dU©: Am¶m{V &
dU} ^d{V & ¶Wm- Ibw + EVV² B{V IëdoVV² &
¶Wm- H$amo{‘ + Ah‘² B{V H$amoå¶h‘² &

Ed‘² Añ‘mH§$ {‘W: à^md: Ñí¶Vo & ¶Wm ñdagpÝY: VW¡d {dgJ©gpÝY: ì¶ÄOZgpÝY: M A{n ^dV: & gpÝYê$noU
¶X² Üd{Zn[adV©Z‘² Añ‘mgw ^d{V V{Ûf¶H$m: {Z¶‘m: dV©ÝVo & ¶{X VX² Üd{Zn[adV©Z§ gwðw> Z AdJV§, gpÝY{Z¶‘m:
Z n{R>Vm: V{h© AWm©d~moYZ§ Z ^d{V &

12

V¥Vr¶: nmR>: & qH$ {‘϶m ? qH$ dmñVd‘²?

AmYw{ZH§$ VÝÌkmZ§ ‘mZdñ¶ H¥$Vo ^m¡{VH${dH$mgñ¶ {dñVrUª joÌ‘² CX²KmQ>¶{V B{V Vw • Mb^mf: {d¿Z:
g˶‘od & VWm{n VÝÌkmZgmYZmZm‘² A˶{YH$mo@n¶moJ: ZyVZmZ² àíZmZ², {d¿ZmZ² gm‘m{OH$g‘ñ¶m: CV daXmZ‘² ?
M {Z‘m©{V & {‘϶m VWm M dmñVd‘² EV¶mo: ‘ܶo ^oX: kmVì¶: Añ‘m{^:& AmYw{ZH$H$mbñ¶
B¶‘odmdí¶H$Vm & - bo{IH$m :- lr‘Vr ‘w½Ym [ag~yS> & • ¶{X Mb^mf: Z
^doV²?

(̶moXedfu¶m VZ¶m gwImgÝXo Cn{dí¶ EHo$Z hñVoZ Hw$Hw©$[aH$m§ ImX{V & AnaoU

hñVoZ Mb^mf§ Mmb¶{V & VXmZt ÛmaKpÊQ>H$m‘² AmH$ʶ© ‘mVm Ûma‘² CÓmQ>¶{V &

VZ¶m¶m: g»¶m¡ Ûmao Ed pñWËdm Vm‘² Amˆ¶V: &)

lw{V: - VZ¶o, gËda§ H«$sS>Zm¶ AmJÀN>, ~{h:

Iobm‘: &

VZ¶m - Ah§ J¥ho Ed Iobm{‘ &

amOgr - qH$ Iob{g ?

VZ¶m - (Mb^mf§ Xe©{¶Ëdm) EVpñ‘Z² Mb^mfo

¶{ï>H$ÝXþH$H«$sS>m, nmXH$ÝXþH$H«$sS>m,

dmhZH«$sS>m, nÌH«$sS>m, MVwa“H«$sS>m,

B˶mX¶: gdm©: H«$sS>m: gpÝV & $$H«$sS>m“U§

JËdm IobZñ¶ Amdí¶H$Vm Ed ZmpñV &

Ah§ Z AmJÀN>m{‘ & (g»¶m¡ H«$sS>mWª

{ZJ©ÀN>V: & ‘mVm nmH$J¥h§ JÀN>{V & VZ¶m

Mb^mfo ¶wÕH«$sS>m¶m§ ‘¾m &)

VZ¶m - (ñdJV‘²) EVñ¶m§ H«$sS>m¶m§ Ef: g¡{ZH$: ‘¥V: Ana: M ‘maUr¶: & ..... gd} g¡{ZH$m: ‘¥Vm: & ho@@

.....{OV§ ‘¶m & Iob: g‘má: & (VZ¶m nmH$J¥h§ JÀN>{V &) Aå~, ~w^w{jVm Apñ‘ &

‘mVm - VZ¶o, ‘‘ Mb^mfo EVm{Z N>m¶m{MÌm{U ní¶ & (VZ¶m ImÚnXmWm©Zm§ N>m¶m{MÌm{U ní¶{V &)

VZ¶m - ‘mV:, {nÂPm, nmd^mOr, {gObg© B˶mXr{Z ImÚm{Z ÑîQ‰>m bmbm{¶V§ ‘o ‘wI‘²& H¥$n¶m {H$‘{n

¶ÀN>Vw &

‘mVm - Mb^mfo Ñï>dVr Ibw ? AYwZm ImÚnXmWm©Zm‘² Amdí¶H$Vm Ed ZmpñV & Ah§ Z ¶ÀN>m{‘ &

VZ¶m - Mb^mfo ^moOZ§ ÑîQ‰>m ~w^wjm emÝVm H$W§ ^doV² ?

‘mVm - ¶{X EVV² g˶§, V{h© H$W§ Z OmZm{g ¶V² Mb^mfoU H«$s{S>Ëdm ì¶m¶m‘: Z ^d{V? ñdmñ϶ajU§ Z

^d{V ?

VZ¶m - na§ ‘mV:, ‘ø§ amoMVo VV² Mb^mfoU H«$sS>Z‘² &

‘mVm - VZ¶o, ¶X² ¶X² amoMVo VV² VV² gdª ñdmñ϶H$a§, {hVH$a‘², Amamo½¶nyUª Z ^d{V & gå¶H²$ H«$sS>m,

nm¡{ï>H$‘² AÞ§, amÌm¡ {ZÐm Amamo½¶m¶ ^d{V & Mb^mfo Am^mgmË‘H§$ {dœ§ Z dmñVd‘² &

VZ¶m - V{h© qH$ Mb^mfñ¶ Cn¶moJ: Ed Z H$aUr¶: &

‘mVm - VWm Z & Amdí¶H$VmZwgma§ ¶mo½¶: Cn¶moJ: H$aUr¶: Ed & {H$ÝVw A{V gd©Ì dO©¶oV² &

VZ¶m - Am‘² ‘mV:& BV: na§ nwZ: Mb^mfñ¶ ¶mo½¶‘² Cn¶moJ§ H$amo{‘ &

13

^mfmä¶mg:

1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & Am. Mb^mfo H$sÑe§ {dœ‘² ?
A. Mb^mfo H$m: H«$sS>m: gpÝV ? B©. ñdmñ϶ajUm¶ qH$ {H$‘² Amdí¶H$‘² ?

B. qH$ qH$ ÑîQ‰>m VZ¶m¶m: ‘wI§ bmbm{¶V‘² ?

2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & A. ‘mVm VZ¶m¶m: {dMman[adV©Z§ H$W§ H$amo{V?
Am. "qH$ {‘϶m ? qH$ dmñVd‘² ?' B{V nmR>ñ¶ VmËn¶ª ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m {bIV ?

3. A) gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & $H$) VXod = + Ed & I) ZmpñV = Z +  &
Am) H$mbdMZn[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &
1) Ah§ Z AmJÀN>m{‘ & (bL²>bH$mao n[adV©¶V &)
2) ~w^w{jVm Apñ‘ & (~hþdMZo n[adV©¶V &)
3) g»¶m¡ H«$sS>mWª à{VJÀN>V: & (EH$dMZo {bIV &)
4) EVm{Z N>m¶m{MÌm{U ní¶ & (CÎm‘nwéfo n[adV©¶V &)
B) eãXñ¶ dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 1) Ûma‘² 2) ñdmñ϶‘² 3) ~w^wjm 4) nm¡{ï>H$‘²
B©) ‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

{deo² 1. ~w^wjm 2. g¡{ZH$m: 3. Iob: 4. AÞ‘² 5. {dœ‘²

{deofU‘² 1. nm¡{ï>H$‘² 2. emÝVm 3. Am^mgmË‘H$‘² 4. g‘má: 5. ‘¥Vm:

C) nmR>mV² ËdmÝV-ë¶~ÝV-A춶m{Z {MZwV {bIV M &

4. A) g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {MZwV & ^Q>:, H«$sS>m, OZZr, jwYm, ñdmn:
Am) {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & g‘má:, ñdmñ϶‘², Am^mgmË‘H$‘², ‘¥V:

hg>V ZÝXV !

gpÝYa{n {dZmoXm¶...

nwam ‘hmamï´>ofw àOm{hVXj: H$mo@{n Z¥n: AmgrV² & Vñ¶ ‘{hfr g§ñH¥$V^mfmàdrUm {dXþfr M & EH$Xm Vm¡
Ob{dhmamWª {H${#mV² a嶧 Obme¶‘JÀN>Vm‘² & ObH«$sS>m¶m§ ‘¾: Z¥n{V: ‘{hî¶m§ Ob{~ÝXÿZ² joáw§ àma^V & amkt
e¡Ë¶‘² A~mYV & AV: gm b‚m¶m Z¥n§ g§ñH¥$V^mf¶¡dmdXV², ""‘moXH¡$ñVmS>¶ ‘m‘²&'' Vñ¶m: VX² dMZ§ lwËdm
M{H$V: amOm godH§$ gwdU©ñWmë¶m§ ‘moXH$mZmZoVw‘m{XeV² & ¶Xm g: V¡b©Kw‘YwaJmobH¡$: amkt VmS>{¶Vw‘¡ÀN>V² VXm
gm pñ‘Vnyd©H$‘JXV², ""^mo amOZ², e¡Ë¶§ ‘m§ ~mYoV B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm "‘m CXH¡$: VmS>¶ ‘m‘²', Ob{~ÝXþ{^:
(CXH¡$:) ‘m Ìmg¶, B{V d³VwH$m‘mg‘² &'' ^yn{Va{n Cƒ¡: h{gËdm A^UV², ""‘moXH$eãXldUoZ AݶWm
J¥hrV§ ‘¶m & VoZ A¶§ n[ahmgàg“: CØÿV: &''

14

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ H$adm{U?

N>mÌm: - AmMm¶}, Z‘mo Z‘:&

{e{jH$m - Z‘mo Z‘: & gwà^mV‘² & Cn{deV &
gm¡a^: VZ¶: M - AmMm¶}, A{n ‘mO©¶md ’$bH$‘²?
{e{jH$m: - Adí¶‘² & ‘mO©¶V‘² & gwdMZ‘{n {bIV‘² & ZraOo, dmVm¶Z‘² CÓmQ>¶ & AVrd Cî‘m ~mYVo &

A{¶ ‘¥Xþbo, ì¶OZm{Z Mmb¶ &
YraO: - AmMm¶}, A{n à{dem{Z dJ©‘²?
{e{jH$m - Am‘² AmJÀN> & ñWmZo Cn{de & lmÝV: Ñí¶go & {H${#mV² Ob§ {n~ &

A{¶ N>mÌm:, AYwZm Ah§ àýmZ² n¥ÀN>m{‘  & gå¶H²$ {d{MÝ˶ CÎmaV ¶y¶‘² & H$mobmhb: ‘mñVw &
EH$: Ed CÎma§ dXVw &

• H¥${V:- 1. g§dmX§ n{R>Ëdm ñ’w$Q>eãXmZm‘² AW©‘² AdJÀN>V & V‘² AW©‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ n#mXe dmŠ¶m{Z nR>V &

n#mXe dmŠ¶m{Z & (nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX§ M)

1. g:/^dmZ² ImXVw/b^Vm‘² & 2. Vm¡/^dÝVm¡ ImXVm‘²/b^oVm‘²& 3. Vo/^dÝV: ImXÝVw/b^ÝVm‘²&

1. gm/^dVr ImXVw/b^Vm‘²& 2. Vo/^d˶m¡ ImXVm‘²/b^oVm‘²& 3. Vm:/^d˶: ImXÝVw/b^ÝVm‘²&

1. VV² ImXVw/b^Vm‘²& 2. Vo ImXVm‘²/b^oVm‘²& 3. Vm{Z ImXÝVw/b^ÝVm‘²&

4. Ëd§ ImX/b^ñd & 5. ¶wdm§ ImXV‘²/b^oWm‘²& 6. ¶y¶§ ImXV/b^Üd‘²&

7. Ah§ ImXm{Z/b^¡ & 8. Amdm§ ImXmd/b^mdh¡ & 9. d¶§ ImXm‘/b^m‘h¡ &

EVofw dmŠ¶ofw {d{dY{H«$¶mnXmZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm nwZ: dXV ñ‘aV M &

• H¥${V:- 2. $H¥${Vn{ÌH$m¶m§ ¶m: {d{dYm: gyMZm: gpÝV, Vm: EH$Ì {bIV &
¶Wm- JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

3. J¥ho dm nmR>embm¶m§ dm gyMZm: bmoQ²bH$mao Xr¶ÝVo, Vmgm§ gL²>J«h§ Hw$éV &

¶Wm- Cn{deV, nR>V, {bIV B˶mX¶: &

15

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

1. dmŠ¶m{Z nya¶V &

(dY©Vm‘², Jm¶m‘, ¶ÀN>, Amamohmd, nR>Vw, VaV, IZV‘², a‘ñd, b^oVm‘²)

1. Aå~, ^moOZ§  & 4. ¶y¶§ Obo & 7. ¶wî‘mH§$ gwI§ &
&
2. g: nmR>§ & 5. Amdm‘² Am‘«d¥j§ & 8. N>mÌm¡ ¶e:
9. Ëd§ ñdmܶm¶o &
3. d¶§ JrV§ & 6. ¶wdm§ ^yq‘ &

2. ^dmZ²/^dVr-ñWmZo Ëd§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm dmŠ¶m{Z {bIV &

1. ^dmZ² AÌ Cn{deVw & 2. ^dVr ~ÝYZ§ ‘w#mVm‘² & 3. ^dVr àmW©¶Vm‘² &

4. ^dmZ² erK«§ n¥ÀN>Vw & 5. ^dÝV: ^Ðm{U ní¶ÝVw & 6. ^d˶: nmH§$ nMÝVw &

nR>V-~moYV VV² Ëd‘² A{g & Jm¶V-ZÝXV

CÔmbH$: ídoVHo$Vmo: {nVm & ídoVHo$Vw: CÔmbH$ñ¶ nwÌ: & {d‘mZ¶mZ§ aM¶m‘ &
EH$Xm {nVm CÔmbH$: nw̧ ídoVHo$Vw‘² An¥ÀN>V²- ""gm¡å¶, A{n amKd ! ‘mYd ! grVo ! b{bVo !
VV² OmZm{g ¶ñ¶ kmZoZ gdª kmV§ ^d{V ?''
{d‘mZ¶mZ§ aM¶m‘ &

nwÌ: - Z OmZm{‘, {nV: & H¥$n¶m H$W¶Vw & Zrbo JJZo {dnwbo {d‘bo
{nVm - ObnyUª nm̧ ‘w{ï>{‘V§ bdU§ M AmZ¶ & (nwÌ: VWm dm¶w{dhma§ H$adm‘ &&1&&

H$amo{V &) CÞVd¥j§ Vw“§ ^dZ‘² &
{nVm - Ob§ bdU§ M {‘l¶ & H«$mÝËdmH$me§ Ibw ¶m‘ &
nwÌ: - {‘{lV§ {nV: & H¥$Ëdm {h‘dÝV§ gmonmZ§
{nVm - AYwZm ObmV² bdU§ n¥W³Hw$é & MpÝXabmoH§$ à{dem‘ &&2&&
nwÌ: - VV² H$Vwª Z eŠZmo{‘ {nV: &
{nVm - AñVw & Cn[a^mJñW§ Ob§ Z{bH$¶m AmñdmX¶ & VV² ewH«$íMÝÐ: gy¶m} Jwé[a{V
J«hmZ² {h gdm©Z² JU¶m‘ &
H$W‘² ApñV ? {d{dYm: gwÝXaVmampíMËdm
nwÌ: - bdU‘¶‘² ApñV, VmV & ‘m¡p³VH$hma§ aM¶m‘ &&3&&
{nVm - ‘ܶ^mJñW§ Ob§ Z{bH$¶m AmñdmX¶ & VV² H$W‘²
Aå~wX‘mbm‘² Aå~a^yfm‘²
ApñV ? AmXm¶¡d {h à{V¶m‘ &
nwÌ: - VX² A{n bdU‘² ApñV & Xþ:{IV-nr{S>V-H¥${fH$OZmZm§
{nVm - Ob§ ~{h: {jßËdm AmJÀN> & JUofw hfª OZ¶m‘ &&4&&
nwÌ: - {jnm{‘ VmV &(Ob§ {jßËdm AmJÀN>{V)
{nVm - Obo bdU§ gd©Ì ì¶m᧠Ibw ?

nwÌ: - Am‘², VmV & S>m°. {dídmg, ~|Jbyê$ &
{nVm - VW¡d ~«÷ OJV: H$maU‘² AV: gd©Ì ì¶mᑲ & ¶Wm Ëd§

Obo ì¶m᧠bdU§ Ðïw>§ Z eŠZmo{f VW¡d Ëd§ gd©Ì ì¶má§
~«÷ Ðïw>§ Z nma¶{g & {H$ÝVw VV² gd©Ì ApñV & VXod

kmV춑² &
H¥${V: - JÚm§eV: bmoQ²>ê$nm{U {MZwV &

(ídoVmídVa-Cn{ZfX: A¶§ g§dmX: &)

16

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 1
(A) Zm‘m{Z &

ñdamÝVeãXmZm§ ^oXm: - nw§{b“‘² ór{b“‘² Znw§gH${b“‘²
Xod - dZ
AH$mamÝV: - ‘mbm -
AmH$mamÝV: H${d ‘{V dm[a
BH$mamÝV: - ZXr -
B©H$mamÝV: ^mZw YoZw ‘Yw
CH$mamÝV: - dYy -
D$H$mamÝV: -
F$H$mamÝV: A) {nV¥ Am) H$V©¥ A) ‘mV¥ Am) ñdg¥

{MÌ‘²

AH$mamÝV: eãX: Xod: gy¶©: dmV: d¥j:
Vé:
g‘mZmW©H$: CH$mamÝV: eãX: à^w: ^mZw:, ghòm§ew: dm¶w:

{MÌ‘²

AH$mamÝV:/B©H$mamÝV: {ejH$: gÎd: MÝÐ: d§er
eãX: Jwé: new: BÝXþ:, {h‘m§ew: doUþ:

g‘mZmW©H$: CH$mamÝV: eãX: 17

nR>V ^oX‘² AdJÀN>V M & ^mZw: Zm‘ VoOmoJmob: & ^mZmo:
dU©Z§ F$½doXo dV©Vo & ^mZmo: gd}
gy¶©: Zm‘ VoOmoJmob: & gy¶©ñ¶ àH$me§ b^ÝVo & ^mZw§ n[aV: gd}
dU©Z§ F$½doXo dV©Vo & gy¶m©V² gd} J«hm: ^«‘pÝV & ^mZwZm J«h‘ÊS>b§
àH$me§ b^ÝVo & gy¶ª n[aV: gd} emo^Vo & ^mZm¡ AVrd D$Om© dV©Vo &
J«hm: ^«‘pÝV & gy¶}U J«h‘ÊS>b§ ^mZw: Añ‘mH§$ XodVm & ^mZdo Z‘:&
emo^Vo & gy¶} AVrd D$Om© dV©Vo & ho ^mZmo, aj ‘m‘² &
gy¶©: Añ‘mH§$ XodVm & gy¶m©¶ Z‘:&
ho gy¶©, aj ‘m‘² &

^mZw (gy¶©:)- "C'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ CH $mam ÝVZm‘m{Z & YoZw (Jm¡:) "C'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

^mZw: ^mZy ^mZd: àW‘m YoZw: YoZy YoZd:

^mZw‘² ^mZy ^mZyZ² {ÛVr¶m YoZw‘² YoZy YoZy:

^mZwZm ^mZwä¶m‘² ^mZw{^: V¥Vr¶m YoÝdm YoZwä¶m‘² YoZw{^:

^mZdo ^mZwä¶m‘² ^mZwä¶: MVwWu YoZdo/YoÝd¡ YoZwä¶m‘² YoZwä¶:

^mZmo: ^mZwä¶m‘² ^mZwä¶: n#m‘r YoZmo:/YoÝdm: YoZwä¶m‘² YoZwä¶:

^mZmo: ^mÝdmo: ^mZyZm‘² fð>r YoZmo:/YoÝdm: YoÝdmo: YoZyZm‘²

^mZm¡ ^mÝdmo: ^mZwfw gá‘r YoZm¡/YoÝdm‘² YoÝdmo: YoZwfw

ho ^mZmo ho ^mZy ho ^mZd: gå~moYZ‘² ho YoZmo ho YoZy ho YoZd:

^mZwdV² Aݶo eãXm: - ‘Zw, AUw, {dîUw, YoZwdV² Aݶo eãXm: - VZw, M#mw, a‚mw, hZw
gmYw, BÝXþ, new, dmé, à^w, Jwé B˶mX¶: & B˶mX¶: &

‘Yw "C'H$mamÝV§ Znw§gH${b“§ Zm‘ BÀN>mW©H$-CH$mamÝV-{deofUm{Z &
EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: ¶Wm-kmVw‘² BÀN>m {Okmgm &
‘Yw ‘YwZr ‘Yy{Z àW‘m {Okmgm ¶ñ¶ ApñV g: {Okmgw: &
‘Yw ‘YwZr ‘Yy{Z {ÛVr¶m Ed§ - nmVw‘² BÀN>m ({nnmgm) ¶ñ¶ ApñV
‘YwZm ‘Ywä¶m‘² ‘Yw{^: V¥Vr¶m
‘YwZo ‘Ywä¶m‘² ‘Yþä¶: MVwWu g:/gm {nnmgw:, ^mo³Vw‘² BÀN>m (~w^wjm)
‘YwZ: ‘Ywä¶m‘² ‘Ywä¶: n#m‘r ¶ñ¶ ApñV g:/gm ~w^wjw:, {dOoVw‘²
‘YwZ: ‘YwZmo: ‘YyZm‘² fð>r BÀN>m ({d{OJrfm) ¶ñ¶ ApñV g:/gm
‘Yw{Z ‘YwZmo: ‘Ywfw gá‘r
ho ‘Ymo, ‘Yw ho ‘YwZr ho ‘Yy{Z gå~moYZ‘² {d{OJrfw: & H$Vw©‘² BÀN>m ({MH$sfm©) ¶ñ¶
‘YwdV² Aݶo eãXm:- dñVw, Aå~w, OmZw, Xmé B˶mX¶: & ApñV g:/gm {MH$sfw©: &
CH$mamÝV-{deofUm{Z & X¶mbw, H¥$nmbw, ñZohmbw, ào‘mbw &

1. ¶mo½¶ê$n§ ¶moO¶V & {OkmgmnÌ‘²
1. ‘hmXod:
3. gd} n{V: & (new) 2. ho , aj ‘m‘² & (à^w)
5. ZmaX:
7. ‘¶yañ¶ kmZ§ nyO¶pÝV & ({Okmgw) 4. Vñ‘¡ Z‘: & (Jwé)
8. {h‘mb¶ñ¶
eaU§ JÀN>{V & ({dîUw) 6. H¥$frdbñ¶ g‘rno n#m gpÝV & (YoZw)

XrKm© & (M#mw) 9. ag>: ‘Ywa: & (Bjw)

{h‘mÀN>m{XVm{Z & (gmZw)10. nyU} ZoÌo & (Alw)

2. MVwWª nX§ {bIV &  & 2) YoZw - YoÝdm :: a‚mw -  &
1) eå^w - eå^wZm :: {eew - & 4) hZw - hZy: :: VZw -  &

3) Aå~w - Aå~y{Z :: dñVw - 

18

F$H$mamÝVZm‘m{Z &

A) gå~ÝYdmMH$m{Z Am) YmVwV: {Z{‘©Vm{Z

nw§{b“‘² ór{b“‘² H$V¥© XmV¥
ZoV¥ d³V¥
{nV¥ (OZH$:) ‘mV¥ (OZZr) hV¥© {dYmV¥
lmoV¥ A{^ZoV¥
^«mV¥ (ghmoXa:) Xþ{hV¥ (H$ݶm) ¶moÕ¥ ~moÕ¥

Xod¥ (n˶w: ^«mVm) ¶mV¥ (Xodw: nËZr)

Om‘mV¥ (H$ݶm¶m: n{V:) ZZmÝÑ (n˶w: ^{JZr)

• >Z¥ (‘Zwî¶:) • g{dV¥ (nw§)(gy¶©:), ñdg¥ (ór.)(^{JZr),
Zᥠ(nw§.) (nm¡Ì:/Xm¡{hÌ:)
"A' àH$ma: - {nV¥ "F$'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘
‘mV¥ "F$'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²
{nVm {nVam¡ {nVa: àW‘m ‘mVm ‘mVam¡ ‘mVa:
{nVa‘² {nVam¡ {nV¦Z² {ÛVr¶m ‘mVa‘² ‘mVam¡ ‘mV¦:
‘mV¥{^:
{nÌm {nV¥ä¶m‘² {nV¥{^: V¥Vr¶m ‘mÌm ‘mV¥ä¶m‘² ‘mV¥ä¶:
{nÌo {nV¥ä¶m‘² {nV¥ä¶: MVwWu ‘mÌo ‘mV¥ä¶m‘²
‘mV¥ä¶:
{nVw: {nV¥ä¶m‘² {nV¥ä¶: n#m‘r ‘mVw: ‘mV¥ä¶m‘² ‘mV¦Um‘²
{nVw: {nÌmo: {nV¦Um‘² fð>r ‘mVw: ‘mÌmo:
‘mV¥fw
{nV[a {nÌmo: {nV¥fw gá‘r ‘mV[a ‘mÌmo: ho ‘mVa:
ho {nVa²,{nV: ho {nVam¡ ho {nVa: gå~moYZ‘² ho ‘mVa²,‘mV: ho ‘mVam¡

"Am' àH$ma: (YmVwV: {Z{‘©Vm{Z)

YmVw: Zm‘ AW©: nw§. àW‘m E. d. ór. àW‘m E. d.
¶: H$amo{V & H$Vm© H$Ìu
1. H¥$ H$V¥© ¶: ha{V & hVm© hÌu
¶: Z¶{V & ZoVm ZoÌr
2. ö hV¥© ¶: aj{V & a{jVm a{jÌr
¶: e¥Umo{V & lmoVm lmoÌr
3.Zr-Z¶² ZoV¥

4. aj² a{jV¥

5. lw lmoV¥

H$V¥© "F$'H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:

H$Vm© H$Vm©am¡ H$Vm©a: àW‘m

H$Vm©a‘² H$Vm©am¡ H$V©¦Z² {ÛVr¶m

ho H$V©:, ho H$V©a² ho H$Vm©am¡ ho H$Vm©a: gå~moYZ‘²

V¥Vr¶mV: gá‘rn¶©ÝV§ eãXê$nm{U {nV¥dV² ^dpÝV & Ed‘² Ed "Am'àH$maH$mUm§ eãXmZm§ ê$nm{U ^dpÝV &

19

"Am' àH$maH$mUm§ ór{b“eãXmZm§ ê$nm{U ZXrdV² ^dpÝV & ¶Wm -
H$Ìu "B©'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:
àW‘m
H$Ìu H$Ͷm£ H$Ͷ©: {ÛVr¶m
gå~moYZ‘²
H$Ìu‘² H$Ͷm¡© H$Ìu:

ho H${Ì© ho H$Ͷm£ ho H$Ͷ©:

1. [a³VñWmZm{Z nya¶V & - JUoeñ¶ Hw$Qw>å~‘² &
1) eL²>H$a: JUoeñ¶ ------& ({nV¥)
2) nmd©Vr JUoeñ¶ -------& (‘mV¥)
3) H$m{V©Ho$¶: JUoeñ¶ ------& (^«mV¥)
4) ----- (‘mV¥) nmd©Ë¶m: AmXoe‘² EVm¡ -----nmb¶V: & (^«mV¥)
5) ‘mVm‘hñ¶ {h‘mb¶ñ¶ EVm¡ AmXem¡© ------ & (ZßV¥)

(Am) gd©Zm‘m{Z &

àW‘nwéfdmMH$m{Z VX², ¶X², EVX², BX‘², ^dV²
‘ܶ‘nwéfdmMH$‘² ¶wî‘X²
CÎm‘nwéfdmMH$‘² Añ‘X²
àýmW©H$‘² {H$‘²

"BX‘²' gd©Zm‘ nw§{b“‘² "BX‘²' gd©Zm‘ ór{b“‘²
EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²
EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:
B¶‘² B‘o B‘m:
A¶‘² B‘m¡ B‘o àW‘m B‘m‘²/EZm‘² B‘o/EZo B‘m:/EZm:
{ÛVr¶m AZ¶m/EZ¶m Amä¶m‘² Am{^:
B‘‘²/EZ‘² B‘m¡/EZm¡ B‘mZ²/EZmZ² V¥Vr¶m
MVwWu Añ¶¡ Amä¶m‘² Amä¶:
AZoZ/EZoZ Amä¶m‘² E{^: n#m‘r Añ¶m: Amä¶m‘² Amä¶:
fð>r Añ¶m: AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Amgm‘²
Añ‘¡ Amä¶m‘² Eä¶: gá‘r Añ¶m‘² AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Amgw

Añ‘mV² Amä¶m‘² Eä¶:

Añ¶ AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Efm‘²

Apñ‘Z² AZ¶mo:/EZ¶mo: Efw

"BX‘²' gd©Zm‘ Znw§gH${b“‘² - {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:
EH$dMZ‘² B‘o B‘m{Z àW‘m
BX‘² {ÛVr¶m
BX‘²/EZV² B‘o/EZo B‘m{Z/EZm{Z

(V¥Vr¶mV: gá‘rn¶©ÝVm{Z ê$nm{U nw§{b“gÑem{Z & )

20

^dV² AmXamW©H§$ gd©Zm‘ &

^dV² - nw§{b“‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: ^dV² - ór{b“‘²(^dVr)
EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ^dÝV: àW‘m EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²
^dmZ² ^dÝVm¡ ^dV: {ÛVr¶m
^dÝV‘² ^dÝVm¡ ^d{Ø: V¥Vr¶m ^dVr ^d˶m¡ ^d˶:
^dVm ^dX²ä¶m‘² ^dX²ä¶: MVwWu ^dVr‘² ^d˶m¡ ^dVr:
^dVo ^dX²ä¶m‘² ^dX²ä¶: n#m‘r ^d˶m ^dVrä¶m‘² ^dVr{^:
^dV: ^dX²ä¶m‘² ^dVm‘² fð>r ^d˶¡ ^dVrä¶m‘² ^dVrä¶:
^dV: ^dVmo: ^dËgw gá‘r ^d˶m: ^dVrä¶m‘² ^dVrä¶:
^d{V ^dVmo: ho ^dÝV: gå~moYZ‘² ^d˶m: ^d˶mo: ^dVrZm‘²
ho ^dZ² ho ^dÝVm¡ ^d˶m‘² ^d˶mo: ^dVrfw
ho ^d{V ho ^d˶m¡ ho ^d˶:

* Ho$db§ àW‘nwéfñ¶ {H«$¶mnXoZ gh Cn¶wÁ¶Vo {H$ÝVw ‘ܶ‘nwéfñ¶ Xe©H$‘² &

H$V¥©nX‘² bQ²>bH$ma: bL²>bH$ma: bmoQ²>bH$ma: {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:
^dmZ²/^dVr JÀN>{V AJÀN>V² JÀN>Vw JÀN>oV²
JÀN>{g AJÀN>: JÀN> JÀN>o:
Ëd‘²

nR>V AdJÀN>V ! ñdamUm§ g¥{ï>: &

npL²>³VÛ¶§ nR>V &
1. ZmpñV {dÚmg‘mo ~ÝYw: & ZmpñV = Z + ApñV & (A + A = Am)
2. Zañ¶m^aU§ ê$n‘² & Zañ¶m^aU§ = Zañ¶ + Am^aU‘² (A + Am = Am)

1. gdU©XrK©gpÝY: & Am) B/B© + B/ B© = B©
1. nR>{V + B{V = nR>Vr{V &
A) A/Am + A/Am = Am 2. + Bd = ZXrd &
1. Zd + A{n = Zdm{n & 3. n[a + = narjm &
2. + AÌ = VWmÌ &
3. boIZñ¶ + = boIZñ¶me¶: & B©) F$/G + F$/G = G
1. ‘mV¥ +F$U‘² = ‘mV¦U‘² &
B) C/D$ + C/D$ = D$ 2. {nV¥ + = {nV¦V‘² &
1. Jwé + CnXoe: = Jwê$nXoe: & 3. ^«mV¥ + = ^«mV¦f^: &
2. + CËgmh: = dYyËgmh: &
3. + D$Om© = ^mZyOm© &

21

(B) YmVwgm{YVm{Z A춶m{Z &

YmVwgm{YVm: Zm‘ YmVw‘ybH$m: eãXm: &

{H«$¶mnX‘² Zm‘ {deofU‘² A춶‘²

nR² - nR>{V nR>Z‘², nmR>: n{R>V n{R>Ëdm

nyO² - nyO¶{V nyOZ‘², nyOm ny{OV gånyÁ¶

a‘² - a‘Vo a‘m , a‘U‘² aV aËdm

d¥V² - dV©Vo dV©Z‘², d¥{Îm: d¥Îm d{V©Vw‘²

A춶‘² &

춶: Zm‘ n[adV©Z‘² & ¶pñ‘Z² eãXo n[adV©Z§ Z ^d{V, Zm‘ ¶: eãX: {Ìfw {b“ofw, {Ìfw dMZofw A{n M

gdm©gw {d^{³Vfw g‘mZ: Ed ^d{V, g: eãX: "A춶‘²' B{V CÀ¶Vo & ¶Wm-

1. ~m{bH$m Xod§ ZËdm nR>{V & 2. JUoe§ ZËdm Ëd§ JÀN>{g & 3. AmMm¶ª ZËdm N>mÌm: dJª à{depÝV &

AÌ H$V¥©nXmZwgma§ {H«$¶mnX§ n[adV©Vo & na§ "ZËdm' B˶pñ‘Z² ê$no n[adV©Z§ Z ^d{V & AV: VX² A춶‘² &

YmVwgm{YVm{Z A춶m{Z

nyd©H$mbdmMH$Û¶‘² hoËdW©H$‘²

ËdmÝV‘² ë¶~ÝV‘² Vw‘ÝV‘²
( Ëdm + AÝV‘² ) ( ë¶n² + AÝV‘² ) ( Vw‘²+AÝV‘² )

‘ybYmVw: + ³Ëdm (Ëdm) CngJ©: + ‘ybYmVw: + ë¶n² (¶) ‘ybYmVw: + Vw‘wZ² (Vw‘²)

nyd©H$mbdmMH$-A춶-Û¶‘² &
• ËdmÝVaMZm -
1) am‘: embm§ JÀN>{V & am‘: dJª à{de{V &

AÌ EH$: Ed H$Vm© & (am‘:), {H«$¶mÛ¶‘² (J‘Z{H«$¶m, àdoe{H«$¶m)

nydª H¥$Vm {H«$¶m J‘Zñ¶ & AV: JÀN>{V B{V {H«$¶mnX§ nyd©H$mbdmMH$‘² ApñV & J‘² YmVmo: AJ«o

Ëdm-à˶¶‘² Cn¶wÁ¶ A춶ê$n§ ^d{V - JËdm &
am‘: embm§ JËdm dJª à{de{V &

2) ‘¡{Wbr nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bI{V & VËnümV² àý§ n¥ÀN>{V &

‘¡{Wbr nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bpIËdm àý§ n¥ÀN>{V & AdYo¶‘² -
• ë¶~ÝVaMZm - ËdmÝV/ë¶~ÝVaMZmg‘¶o "A{n' "VXZÝVa§',
1) ZraO: dJª à{de{V & VXZÝVa‘² AmgZo Cn{de{V & "VV:', "M', "AW', "AZÝVa§', "VËnümV²'
B˶mX¶: eãXm: {ZîH$mg{¶Vì¶m: &
ZraO: dJª à{dí¶ AmgZo Cn{de{V & {ÛVr¶dm³¶ñW§ H$V©¥nX§ (Zm‘ gd©Zm‘ dm) A{n
2) ^maVr AmgZo Cn{de{V nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bI{V M & {ZîH$mg{¶V춑² &

^maVr AmgZo Cn{dí¶ nwpñVH$m¶m§ {bI{V &

22

hoËdW©H$‘² A춶‘² &

hoVw + AW©H$‘² = hoËdW©H$‘² & hoVw: Zm‘ C{Ôï>‘² & hoËdW©H$‘² A춶§ {H«$¶m¶m: C{Ôï>§ H$W¶{V &

1) am‘: n{R>Vw§ embm§ JÀN>{V & am‘: {H$‘Wª embm§ JÀN>{V? n{R>Vw‘² &
2) Xod§ nyO{¶Vw§ ‘mVm Xodmb¶§ JÀN>{V & ‘mVm {H$‘Wª Xodmb¶§ JÀN>{V ? Xod§ nyO{¶Vw‘² &
3) N>mÌm: Io{bVw§ H«$sS>m“U§ JÀN>pÝV & N>mÌm: {H$‘Wª H«$sS>m“U§ JÀNpÝV ? Io{bVw‘² &

nR>V ñ‘aV &

YmVd: ³Ëdm ë¶n² Vw‘wZ² YmVd: ³Ëdm ë¶n² Vw‘wZ²
Xm XÎdm àXm¶ XmVw‘² dh² D$T²>dm {Zdø dmoTw>‘²

nm nrËdm {Znr¶ nmVw‘² dg² C{fËdm {Zdñ¶ d{gVw‘²

ñWm pñWËdm CËWm¶ ñWmVw‘² dX² C{XËdm àmoÚ/AZyÚ d{XVw‘²

km kmËdm {dkm¶ kmVw‘² H$W² H$W{¶Ëdm [dH$϶ H$W{¶Vw‘²

J¡ JrËdm àJm¶ JmVw‘² Mwa² Mmoa{¶Ëdm A{^Mmo¶© Mmoa{¶Vw‘²

ܶ¡ ܶmËdm AZwܶm¶ ܶmVw‘² jb² jmb{¶Ëdm àjmë¶ jmb{¶Vw‘²

{O {OËdm {d{O˶ OoVw‘² aM² aM{¶Ëdm {daMæ¶ aM{¶Vw‘²

Zr ZrËdm AmZr¶ ZoVw‘² JU² JU{¶Ëdm {dJUæ¶ JU{¶Vw‘²

lw lwËdm Cnlw˶ lmoVw‘² nyO² nyO{¶Ëdm gånyÁ¶ nyO{¶Vw‘²

^y ^yËdm AZw^y¶ ^{dVw‘² Kwf² Kmof{¶Ëdm g”moî¶ Kmof{¶V‘²

H¥$ H¥$Ëdm CnH¥$˶ H$Vw©‘² Z¥V² Z{V©Ëdm A{^Z¥Ë¶ Z{V©Vw‘²

ñ‘¥ ñ‘¥Ëdm {dñ‘¥Ë¶ ñ‘Vw©‘² H«$ÝX² H«$pÝXËdm AmH«$ÝÚ H«$pÝXVw‘²

g¥ g¥Ëdm AZwg¥Ë¶ gVw©‘² nR²> n{R>Ëdm AZwnR>ç n{R>Vw‘²

{Xe² {XîQ²dm Am{Xí¶ Xoïw>‘² {bI² {b{IËdm {dbo»¶ {b{IVw‘²

Ñe² ÑîQ‰>m gÝÑí¶ Ðïw>‘² hg² h{gËdm {dhñ¶ h{gVw‘²

àÀN>² n¥îQ‰>m Amn¥ÀNç àïw>‘² dÝX² dpÝXËdm AZwdÝÚ dpÝXVw‘²

ñn¥e² ñn¥îQ‰>m g§ñn¥í¶ ñàïw>‘² J«h² J¥hrËdm gL²>J¥ø J«hrVw‘²

{gM² {g³Ëdm A{^{fÀ¶ go³Vw‘² J‘² JËdm AmJå¶ JÝVw‘²

‘wM² ‘w³Ëdm {d‘wÀ¶ ‘mo³Vw‘² Z‘² ZËdm àUå¶ ZÝVw‘²

dM² C³Ëdm àdmÀ¶ d³Vw‘² a‘² aËdm Ama˶ aÝVw‘²

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V AdJÀN>V ! ñdamUm§ g¥{ï>: &

1. ‘mVod aj{V {nVod {hVo {Z¶wL²>³Vo$& ‘mVod = ‘mVm + Bd & {nVod = {nVm + Bd &

2. {H«$¶m{g{Õ: gÎdo dg{V ‘hVm§ ZmonH$aUo & ZmonH$aUo = Z + CnH$aUo &

2. JwUgpÝY: & B) A/Am + F$/G = Aa²

A) A/Am + B/B© = E Am) A/Am + C/D$ = Amo

1. Xod + BÝÐ: = XodoÝÐ: & 1. JUoe + CËgd: = JUoemoËgd: & 1. Xod + F${f: = Xod{f©: &

2. + Bd = MpÝÐHo$d & 2. d¥jñ¶ + = d¥jñ¶moÜd©‘² & 2. ‘hm +  =‘h{f©: &

23

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

1. nyd©H$mbdmMH$-YmVwgm{YV-A춶m{Z Cn¶wÁ¶ dmŠ¶m{Z {bIV &

1. g: JÀN>{V & (ImX²)

2. Am{X˶: Jw鑲 (AZw + g¥) XoemÝVa‘² Ad«OV² &

3. ~«÷Xod: dmë‘r{H$‘² (Cn + {Xe²) AdXV² &

4. ^³V: {dîUw§ (ñ‘¥) VnûMaU§ H$amo{V &

5. ~mbH$: B©ûda§ (ܶ¡) Aä¶mg§ àma^Vo &

6. qgh§ (Ñe²) ‘wHw$b: ^rV: &

7. Zm¡H$m‘² (Am + Zr) AO¶: àdmg‘² Ama^V &

2. hoËdW©H$-A춶m{Z à¶wÁ¶ dmŠ¶§ nwZ{b©IV &

1. ^mJ©d: (ñZm) J“mZXt JÀN>{V &

2. JX©^: (J¡) Ama^V amÌm¡ &

3. YZ§ (b^²) gmo‘XÎm: ‘hmZJa‘² AgaV² &

4. àý§ (àÀN²) g: Y¡¶}U AJ«o AmJÀN>V² &

(B©) bmoQ²>bH$ma: &

1) am‘: nmR>§ nR>{V & (bQ²bH$ma:) (dV©‘mZH$mb:) 2) am‘: nmR>‘² AnR>V² & (bL²>bH$ma:) (àW‘^yVH$mb:)

dmŠ¶Û¶o H$mbñ¶ ~moY: ^d{V & AYwZm EVm{Z CXmhaUm{Z nR>V &

1. àVrH$, Ëd‘² C{Îmð> & (AmXoe:) 2. H$mbo df©Vw nO©Ý¶: & (Anojm) 3. gd} gwpIZ: ^dÝVw & (ew^me§gm)

4. A{n Ah§ dJª à{dem{Z ? (AZw‘{V:)

EVm{Z gdm©{U dmŠ¶m{Z H$mb§ Z ~moY¶pÝV & na‘² AmXoe:, BÀN>m, ew^me§gZ‘², AZw‘{V: B˶mXrZ²

^mdmZ² H$W¶pÝV & AV: Vm{Z "AW©' B{V àH$maofw JʶÝVo & AW©Û¶‘² - AmkmW©: (bmoQ²bH$ma:), {dܶW©:

({bL²>bH$ma:) &

nañ‘¡nX‘² bmoQ²>à˶¶m: & (AmkmW©à˶¶m:) AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

Vw Vm‘² AÝVw àW‘: Vm‘² BVm‘² AÝVm‘²

- V‘² V ‘ܶ‘: ñd BWm‘² Üd>‘²

Am{Z Amd Am‘ CÎm‘: Eo Amdh¡ Am‘h¡

‘ܶ‘nwéf-EH$dMZñ¶ à˶¶: "{h' ApñV & {H$ÝVw JUmZm§ àW‘{d^mJo (1, 4, 6, 10) Vñ¶ bmon: ^d{V &

nR²> (1 n. n.) a‘² (1 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

nR>Vw nR>Vm‘² nR>ÝVw àW‘: a‘Vm‘² a‘oVm‘² a‘ÝVm‘²

nR> nR>V‘² nR>V ‘ܶ‘: a‘ñd a‘oWm‘² a‘Üd‘²

nR>m{Z nR>md nR>m‘ CÎm‘: a‘¡ a‘mdh¡ a‘m‘h¡

24

Z¥V² (4 n. n.) ‘Z² (4 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

Z¥Ë¶Vw Z¥Ë¶Vm‘² Z¥Ë¶ÝVw àW‘: ‘ݶVm‘² ‘ݶoVm‘² ‘ݶÝVm‘²

Z¥Ë¶ Z¥Ë¶V‘² Z¥Ë¶V ‘ܶ‘: ‘ݶñd ‘ݶoWm‘² ‘ݶÜd‘²

Z¥Ë¶m{Z Z¥Ë¶md Z¥Ë¶m‘ CÎm‘: ‘ݶ¡ ‘ݶmdh¡ ‘ݶm‘h¡

{bI² (6 n. n.) {Xe² (6 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

{bIVw {bIVm‘² {bIÝVw àW‘: {XeVm‘² {XeoVm‘² {XeÝVm‘²

{bI {bIV‘² {bIV ‘ܶ‘: {Xeñd {XeoWm‘² {XeÜd‘²

{bIm{Z {bImd {bIm‘ CÎm‘: {Xe¡ {Xemdh¡ {Xem‘h¡

nyO² (10 n.n.) ‘Ý̲ (10 Am. n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

nyO¶Vw nyO¶Vm‘² nyO¶ÝVw àW‘: ‘Ý̶Vm‘² ‘Ý̶oVm‘² ‘Ý̶ÝVm‘²

nyO¶ nyO¶V‘² nyO¶V ‘ܶ‘: ‘Ý̶ñd ‘Ý̶oWm‘² ‘Ý̶Üd‘²

nyO¶m{Z nyO¶md nyO¶m‘ CÎm‘: ‘Ý̶¡ ‘Ý̶mdh¡ ‘Ý̶m‘h¡

***

25

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & g‘¶:& {ÛVr¶: KQ>H$: &

n#mmoZ-{ÛdmXZ‘² XemoZ-{ÌdmXZ‘² nÄMm{YH$-nÄMdmXZ‘² Xem{YH$-fS²>dmXZ‘²

q de{V-A{YH$- n#m qde{V-A{YH$- n#m{̧eV²-A{YH$- MËdm[a¨eV²-A{YH$-
Aï>dmXZ‘² ZddmXZ‘² XedmXZ‘² EH$mXedmXZ‘²

CXmhaUmZwgma§ K{Q>H$m¶ÝÌo g‘¶{ZX}eZ§ Hw$éV & 2) N>mÌ: XemoZXedmXZo nmR>embm§ JÀN>{V &
1) N>mÌ: àmV:H$mbo n#mm{YH$fS²>dmXZo C{Îmð>{V & 4) XemoZgádmXZo N>mÌ: gm¶§àmW©Zm§ H$amo{V &

3) qde˶{YH$-n#mdmXZo N>mÌ: H«$sS>m“Uo Iob{V &

g‘¶‘² Aja¡: {bIV nR>V M &

1) AM©H$: Xodmb¶§ (4.50) dmXZo JÀN>{V & 2) AܶmnH$: H$jm§ (11.05) dmXZo à{de{V &

3) gm¶L²>H$mbo (6.20) dmXZo gy¶m©ñV: ^d{V& 4) d¶§ gd} amÌm¡ (8.40) dmXZo ^moOZ§ Hw$‘©:&

5) XÿaXe©Zo e{Zdmgao gm¶L²>H$mbo (7.00) dmXZo g§ñH¥$VdmVm©dbr-H$m¶©H«$‘ñ¶ àgmaU§ ^d{V &

6) d¶‘² AmH$medmʶm§ à{V{XZ§ àmV: (6.55) dmXZo g§ñH¥$VdmVm©: lmoV§w e³Zw‘: &

&&lr:&&
Añ‘mH§$ {dÚmb¶ñ¶ dm{f©H$moËgdñ¶ H$m¶©H«$‘n{ÌH$m &

7.30 - N>mÌmUm‘² AmJ‘Z‘² & 8.45 - gm§ñH¥${VH$H$m¶©H«$‘m: &

7.45 - g^mJ¥ho ‘obZ‘² & 9.45 - A{VWrZm§ ^mfU‘² &

8.10 - A{VWrZm‘² AmJ‘Z‘² & 10.10 - àYmZmMm¶©ñ¶ CnXoe: &

8.15 - XrnàÁdmbZ§ emaXmnyOZ§ M & 10.30 - nm[aVmo{fH${dVaU‘² &
8.30 - A{VWrZm§ ñdmJV‘² &
12.05 - H$m¶©H«$‘g‘m{á: &

26

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & qH$ Hw$¶m©V²? qH$ ^doV²?

OZm… AmЪ ewîH§$ M Ëd§ ^«‘UÜd{ZZm AÚ Amaä¶ d¶‘²
AdH$a§ n¥WH²$ {jno¶w…& A{YH$g‘¶§ Z H«$sS>o…& Am{XZ§ nR>o‘ &

ûd… Ah§ nwñVH$‘² AmZ¶o¶‘² & EV§ Vmb§ ¶wdm§ nwZ…nwZ… dmX¶oV‘² & Amdm§ ’$bHo$ gw^m{fV§ {bIod &

n#mXedm³¶m{Z nR>V & 2. Vm¡/^dÝVm¡ nR>oVm‘²/a‘o¶mVm‘² & 3. Vo/^dÝV: nR>o¶w:/a‘oaZ² &
1. g:/^dmZ² nR>oV²/a‘oV & 5. Vo/^d˶m¡ nR>oVm‘²/a‘o¶mVm‘²& 6. Vm:/^d˶: nR>o¶w:/a‘oaZ² &
4. gm/^dVr nR>oV²/a‘oV & 8. Vo nR>oVm‘²/a‘o¶mVm‘²& 9. Vm{Z nR>o¶w:/a‘oaZ² &
7. VV² nR>oV²/a‘oV & 11. ¶wdm§ nR>oV‘²/a‘o¶mWm‘² & 12. ¶y¶§ nR>oV/a‘oÜd‘² &
10. Ëd§ nR>o…/a‘oWm… & 14. Amdm§ nR>od/a‘od{h & 15. d¶§ nR>o‘/a‘o‘{h &
13. Ah§ nR>o¶‘²/a‘o¶ &

nwZ:ñ‘maU‘² & CnnX{d^³V¶: (A춶m{Z) &

H$m{ZMZ A춶m{Z {d{eï>-{d^p³Vê$n‘² AnojÝVo & Vm{Z AY: {Z{X©ï>m{Z &

1. A{^V: = ({ÛVr¶m) ^mZw‘² A{^V: J«hm: ^«‘pÝV &
2. n[aV: = ({ÛVr¶m) ‘mVa§ n[aV: JUoe: àX{jUm§ H$amo{V &
3. C^¶V: = ({ÛVr¶m) ZXr‘² C^¶V: joÌm{U {dÚÝVo &
4. à{V = ({ÛVr¶m) gm¶L²>H$mbo dËg: YoZw§ à{V doJoZ JÀN>{V &
5. {dZm = ({ÛVr¶m/V¥Vr¶m/n#m‘r) MÝБg‘²/MÝБgm/MÝX‘g: {dZm {Zem Z emo^Vo &
6. gh = (V¥Vr¶m) {nÌm gh A{ZHo$V: AmnU§ JÀN>{V &
7. Ab‘² = (V¥Vr¶m) Ab§ {Zжm & Ab§ ^r˶m & Ab§ dmVm©bmnoZ &
8. Z‘: = (MVwWu) JUnV¶o Z‘: & Jwado Z‘: & ‘éVo Z‘:& ‘hmbú嶡 Z‘: &
9. ~{h: = (n#m‘r) J¥hmV² ~{h: ‘mVm AmJVm &
10. H¥$Vo = (fð>r) ñdgw: H¥$Vo ~ÝYw: Cnhma‘² AmZ¶{V &
11. g‘rno = (fð>r) ZJañ¶ g‘rno CÚmZ§ dV©Vo&

27

MVwW©: nmR>:& {dܶW©‘mbm & (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

gw^m{fVm{Z g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: d¡{eîQ>çnyUm©{Z nÚaËZm{Z & gw^m{fVm{Z Añ‘mH§$ ‘Z: aÄO¶pÝV, Añ‘mH§$ kmZ§ dY©¶pÝV,
H$W§ ì¶dhma: H$aUr¶:, qH$ H$V©ì¶§, qH$ M Z H$aUr¶‘² B{V gå¶H²$ ~moY¶pÝV &

gwImWu MoV² ˶Oo{ÛÚm§ {dÚmWu MoV² ˶OoËgwI‘² &
gwIm{W©Z: Hw$Vmo {dÚm Hw$Vmo {dÚm{W©Z: gwI‘² &&1&&

[ gwImWu MoV² {dÚm§ ˶OoV² & {dÚmWu MoV² gwI§ ˶OoV² & gwIm{W©Z: {dÚm Hw$V: ? {dÚm{W©Z: gwI§ Hw$V: ?]

Ñ{ï>nyV§ ݶgoV² nmX§ dónyV§ {n~oV² Ob‘² &
g˶nyVm§ dXoV² dmUt ‘Z:nyV§ g‘mMaoV² &&2&&

[ Ñ{ï>nyV§ nmX§ ݶgoV² & dónyV§ Ob§ {n~oV² & g˶nyVm§ dmUt dXoV² & ‘Z:nyV§ g‘mMaoV² &]

YZ‘bãY§ H$m¬oV, bãY§ ajoV² à¶ËZV: &
a{jV§ dY©¶oV² gå¶H²$, d¥Õ§ VrW}fw {Z{jnoV² &&3&&

[AbãY§ YZ§ H$mL²>joV & bãY§ (YZ§) à¶ËZV: ajoV² & a{jV§ (YZ§) gå¶H²$ dY©¶oV²& d¥Õ§ (YZ§) VrW}fw {Z{jnoV² &]

AH«$moYoZ O¶oV² H«$moY‘² AgmYw§ gmYwZm O¶oV² &
O¶oV² H$X¶ª XmZoZ O¶oV² g˶oZ MmZ¥V‘² &&4&&
[AH«$moYoZ H«$moY§ O¶oV² & gmYwZm AgmYw§ O¶oV²  & XmZoZ H$X¶ª O¶oV² & g˶oZ M AZ¥V§ O¶oV²  &]

à˶h§ à˶dojoV Zaü[aV‘mË‘Z: &
{H$Þw ‘o new{^ñVw붧 {H$Þw gËnwéf¡[a{V &&5&&

[Za: AmË‘Z: M[aV§ à˶h§ à˶dojoV qH$ Zw ‘o (M[aV§) new{^: Vw붑²? qH$ Zw (‘o M[aV§) gËnwéf¡: (Vw붑²) B{V &]

ûcmoH$: 1- ^mfmä¶mg:

1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & 2. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {MËdm {bIV &
(A) {dÚmWu qH$ ˶OoV² ? 1) dmH²$ 2) n{dÌ‘² 3) F$V‘² 4) CXH$‘² &
(Am) gwImWu qH$ ˶OoV²?

2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & 2) ˶OoËgwI‘² 3. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV &
1) ˶Oo{ÛÚm‘² {deofU‘² Ñ{ï>nyV:, dónyV‘², ‘Z:nyV‘², g˶nyVm
3) Hw$Vmo {dÚm 4) Hw$Vmo {dÚ{W©Z: {deo² dmUr, AmMaU‘², nmX:, Ob‘²

3. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & ûcmoH$: 3-
1) {dÚm 2) {dÚmWu 1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV &

ûcmoH$: 2. (A) ‘ZwO: H$sÑe§ YZ§ H$m¬oV ?
1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV &
(Am) d¥Õ§ YZ§ Hw$Ì {Z{jnoV²?
(A) H$sÑe§ Ob§ {n~oV² ?
(Am) H$sÑer§ dmUr§ dXoV² ?

28

2. H«$‘mZwgma§ aM¶V & (2) VrW}fw XmZ‘² & ûcmoH$: 5 -
1) YZñ¶ ajU‘² & (4) YZñ¶ dY©Z‘² & 1) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV &

(3) YZñ¶ BÀN>m & A) à˶h§ qH$ à˶dojoV ?
Am) M[aV§ Ho$Z Vw붧 ‘m@ñVw ?
ûcmoH$: 4 - B) M[aV§ Ho$Z Vw붑² AñVw ?
1. EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎmaV & 2. gpÝY§ Hw$éV &
A) new{^: + Vw붑² Am) {H$‘² + Zw
A) H«$moY§ Ho$Z O¶oV²? Am) XmZoZ qH$ O¶oV²? B) gËnwéf¡: + B{V B©) Za: + M[aV‘²

B) g˶oZ qH$ O¶oV²? 3 g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZm§ ¶w½‘§ {MZwV &
A à˶h‘² , Za:, M[aV‘², new:, Vwë¶:, gËnwéfm:
2. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV &
H«$moY:, AgmYw:, g˶‘², XmZ‘² & Am dV©Z‘², ‘¥J:, à{V{XZ‘², ‘ZwO:, g‚mZm:, g‘:

3. ûcmoH$mV² V¥Vr¶mÝVnXm{Z {MËdm {bIV &

4. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & MmZ¥V‘²

nR>V AdJÀN>V ! ñdamUm§ g¥{ï>: &

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V & 1. godm Z {H${#mXñVr{V {^jm Z¡d M Z¡d M & Z¡d = Z + Ed

2. aWñ¶¡H§$ MH«§$ ^wOJ¶{‘Vm: gá VwaJm: & aWñ¶¡H$‘² - aWñ¶ + EH$‘² &

3) d¥{ÕgpÝY: & Am) A/Am + Amo/Am¡ = Am¡

A) A/Am + E/Eo = Eo

1. Z + EVX² = Z¡VX² & 1. ‘‘ + AmoO: = ‘‘m¡O: &

2. ‘‘ + = ‘‘¡íd¶©‘² & 2. Vd + = Vdm¡Xm¶©‘² &

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V & 1. ¶moJjo‘§ dhmå¶h‘² & dhmå¶h‘² = dhm{‘ + Ah‘² &

2. Añ˶wÎmañ¶m§ {X{e XodVmË‘m {h‘mb¶mo Zm‘ ZJm{YamO: & Añ˶wÎmañ¶m§ = ApñV + CÎmañ¶m‘² &

4. ¶U²gpÝY: &

A) B/B© + {dOmVr¶: ñda: = ¶² & Am) C/D$ + {dOmVr¶: ñda: = d² &

1. B{V + A{n = B˶{n & 1. Ibw + EVV² = IëdoVV² &

2. H$amo{‘ + = H$amoå¶h‘² & 2. ‘Zw + = ‘ÝdÝVa‘² &

np‘VÛ¶§ nR>V & 1. Ûm{d‘m¡ nwéfm¡ bmoHo$ jaümja Ed M & Ûm{d‘m¡ = Ûm¡ + B‘m¡ &
2. ‘mVm{nVam{dh ‘‘ Z ñV:, EH$mH$s Ibw {IÞmo@h‘² & ‘mVm{nVam{dh - ‘mVm{nVam¡ + Bh &
5. A¶m{XgpÝY: &

A) E/Eo + H$mo@{n ñda: = A¶²/Am¶² Am) Amo/Am¡ + H$mo@{n ñda: = Ad²/Amd²

1. g‘rno + Ed = g‘rn¶od / g‘rn Ed & 1. Ûm¡ + Ed = Ûmdod &

2. H¥$Vo + = H¥$V¶m¶m{h / H¥$V Am¶m{h & 2. Vm¡ + = Vmd{n &

3. + A{n = ‘˶m¶{n / ‘˶m A{n & 3. + A{n = C^md{n &

4. Vñ‘¡ + = Vñ‘m¶{n / Vñ‘m A{n & 4. + AmñVm‘² = gwöXmdmñVm‘² &

29

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & {H«$¶mnX"§ qH$ H$W¶{V? - 1

"{H«$¶mnX‘²' B{V dm³¶ñ¶ ‘hÎdnyU©‘² A“‘² & AYwZm EVm{Z dm³¶m{Z nR>V &
~mbH$: J«ÝW§ nR>{V & B{V dm³¶o "nR>{V' B{V {H«$¶mnX‘² & (1) ~mbH$: J«ÝW§ nR>{V &
VoZ H$ñ¶ ~moY: ^d{V ? (2) ~mbH$m¡ J«ÝW§ nR>V: &
(3) ~mbH$m: J«ÝW§ nR>pÝV &
(1) nR>Zñ¶ {H«$¶m P (4) Ah§ J«ÝW§ nR>m{‘ &
(5) Ëd§ J«ÝW§ nR>{g &
(2) nañ‘¡nX‘² P
(3) àW‘: nwéf: P EVofw dm³¶ofw {H«$¶mnX§ H$V¥©nXñ¶ nwéf§
dMZ§ M AZwga{V & ¶{X H$V¥©nX§ n[adV©Vo
(4) EH$dMZ‘² P V{h© {H«$¶mnX‘² A{n n[adV©Vo AV:
(5) bQ²>bH$ma: P H$V¥©àYmZm{Z dm³¶m{Z B‘m{Z &

(6) YmVmo: JU{dH$aU‘² P

(7) H$Vw©: nwéf: dMZ§ M ?

"nR>{V' B{V {H«$¶mnXñ¶ ldUoZ¡d H$Vm© àW‘nwéfñ¶ EH$dMZo B{V km¶Vo & VW¡d "nR>m{‘' B{V nXoZ H$Vm©
CÎm‘nwéfñ¶ EH$dMZo B{V ñnï>§ ^d{V & Ed§ {H«$¶mnXoZ H$V¥©nXñ¶ nwéfñ¶ dMZñ¶ A{n ~moY: ^d{V &

H$V¥©dmÀ¶: à¶moJ: & (H$V©[a à¶moJ:)

H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘²

àW‘m {d^p³V: {ÛVr¶m {d^p³V: H$V©¥nXñ¶ nwéfdMZmZwgma‘²

(1) ‘Yþam gwYmIÊS>mZ² AmZ¶{V & 2) d¶§ J«ÝW§ nR>m‘: &

‘Ywam gwYmIÊS>mZ² AmZ¶{V & d¶§ J«ÝW§ nR>m‘: &
H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘²
H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘²

àW‘m {ÛVr¶m àW‘m {ÛVr¶m

à.nw. à.nw. C.nw. C.nw.
E. d. E. d. ~. d. ~. d.

{H«$¶mnX§ H$V¥©nX‘² AZwga{V & {H«$¶mnX§ H$V¥©nX‘² AZwga{V &
AV: H$V¥©dmÀ¶§ {H«$¶mnX‘² BX‘² & AV: H$V¥©dmÀ¶§ {H«$¶mnX‘² BX‘² &

30

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² & H$: H¥$VdmZ² ? H$m H¥$VdVr?

~mb: Ob§ {n~{V & ~mb: Ob§ nrVdmZ² & AZre: JÀN>{V & AZre: JVdmZ² &

N>mÌm: IobpÝV & N>mÌm: Io{bVdÝV: & d¶§ nR>m‘: & d¶§ n{R>VdÝV: &

‘{hbm {jn{V & ‘{hbm {jádVr & Xrnm Z¥Ë¶{V & Xrnm Z{V©VdVr &

Vm: àjmb¶pÝV & Vm: àjm{bVd˶: & N>mÌm: {bIpÝV & N>mÌm: {b{IVd˶: &
nrVdmZ², JVdmZ², Io{bVdÝV:, n{R>VdÝV: B˶mXr{Z ^yVH$mbdmMH$m{Z ³VdVw-à˶¶mÝV-{deofUm{Z &

1. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV & gwádVr & gå^mfmnÌ‘²
1. {ejH$m: à{dï>dÝV: &
2. ~m{bH$m: ny{OVd˶: & 2. ewÕ§ dm AewÕ‘²?
3. ajH$: Vm{S>VdmZ² & 1. qgh: V§ hVdmZ² &
4. {~S>mbr 2. Vo ~mbH$m: AÞ§ Z ˶³VdÝV: &
3. Amn{UH$: Xod§ ZVdVr &
4. EVm: AÚ H«$s{S>VdÝV: &
5. Ah§ emH$m{Z H${V©VdmZ² &

31

3. Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &

g: Vo gm Vm:

ImX{V Im{XVdmZ² Im{XVdÝV: Im{XVdVr Im{XVd˶:

H$amo{V H¥$VdmZ² H¥$VdÝV: H¥$VdVr H¥$Vd˶:

dX{V C{XVdVr

ní¶{V Ñï>dÝV:

Jm¶{V JrVd˶:

C{Îmð>{V CpËWVd˶:

Z¶{V ZrVdmZ²

¶ÀN>{V XÎmd˶:

nyO¶{V ny{OVdÝV:

b^Vo bãYd˶:

4. n [aÀN>oXo ³VdVw-ê$nm{U AYmoaopIVm{Z Hw$éV &

Xrnmd{b-CËgdg‘¶: AmgrV² & OZm: J¥hm{U ñdÀN>rH¥$VdÝV: & ‘mVm {‘ï>mÞm{Z H¥$VdVr & OZH$:

ZyVZdóm{U H«$sVdmZ² {H$ÝVw ñ’$moQ>H$m{Z Z AmZrVdmZ² & ^{JZr gwÝXat a“d„r‘² Am{bpIVdVr & ‘{hbm:

‘¥ÔrnmZ² à‚dmë¶ ñWm{nVd˶: & Ah§ {‘Ì¡: gh ^«‘UmWª ~{h: JVdmZ² & gd©Ì hf©: àH$me: M &

nR>V AdJÀN>V ! {dgJ©gpÝY:

{díd§ {dgJ©ñ¶

AdJ«hg{hV: AmoH$maê$n:
(gmo@h‘²)

{dgJm}@h‘² A{dH$mar ( È H$, I È n, ’$)
Ç Ç
(H$: na:)

AmoH$maê$n: bmonr
(am‘mo JÀN>{V>) a² ê$n: (gy¶© Bd)
(V¡a{n)(Xod¡Z©)
g² ê$n:
(XodñVWm>) f² ê$n: e² ê$n:
(~mbîfð:>) (h[aíeoVo)

32

n#m‘>: nmR>: & drad{ZVm {dínbm&

F$½doXmV² CX²Y¥Vm AVrd AØþVm amo‘m#mH$m[aUr M Efm H$Wm órUm§ • H$m Aݶm ¶wÕ{ZnwUm amkr à{gÕm?
gm‘϶ª Xe©¶{V (F$.1.116.15)& eë¶{H«$¶m{demaXm¡ A{œZrHw$‘mam¡ • H$: ¶wÕàg“: ¶wî‘m{^: g{dñVa§
àJVd¡ÚH$VÝÌkmZñ¶ ‘ybmYmam¡ ñV: & {dínbm¶m: M[a̧ àoaUmXm¶H§$ Ibw
gd}fm§ H¥$Vo &- gå^mfUgÝXoe-‘m{gH$mV² & lwV: dm n{R>V: ?
• A{n lwVm: Am¶wd}Xñ¶

‘mhmËå¶{df¶H$m: H$Wm:?
• Ho$ àmMrZm: eë¶{demaXm: ?

IobamO: Zm‘ H$píMV² Z¥n: & {dínbm
Vñ¶ nËZr & gm ¶Wm ‘hm{dXþfr AmgrV²,
VW¡d aUHw$ebm A{n AmgrV² & IobamO:
A{n eya: namH«$‘r M AmgrV² & g: {dínb¶m
gh gwIoZ Ord{V ñ‘ &

AW H$Xm{MV² eÌd: IobamOñ¶
amÁ¶o AmH«$‘U§ H¥$VdÝV: & ‘hV² ¶wÕ‘²
AmaãY‘² & goZm¶m: Zm¶H$: IobamO: aUa“§
à{dï>dmZ² & {dínbm A{n aUa“§ à{dï>dVr & ^wd‘² AdVrUm© Mm‘wÊS>oœar Bd gm eÌyUm§ g§hma§ H¥$VdVr &
Vñ¶m: em¡¶ª namH«$‘§ M ÑîQ‰>m eÌd: A{n M{H$Vm: A^dZ² &

"Efm aUa“mV² ¶mdV² Z {Zdm¶©Vo VmdV² O¶: gd©Wm Z àm߶Vo' B{V {MÝV{¶Ëdm eÌwg¡{ZH$m: ¶wJnV² AmH«$å¶
Vm‘² AdéÕdÝV: & eÌwg¡{ZH$m: Vo AgL²>»çm:
AmgZ², {dínbm Vw EH$m{H$Zr ! VWm{n Vñ¶m:
‘Z{g Z ^r{Vboe: A{n AmgrV² & à˶wV {ÛJw{UVoZ
CËgmhoZ ¶wÕ§ H¥$VdVr & ¶wÕg‘¶o eÌwg¡{ZH$m:
Vñ¶m: EH§$ nmX§ H${V©VdÝV: & AZÝVa‘² "BV:
na‘² EVñ¶m: H$maUmV² nrS>m Z ^{dî¶{V' B{V
{ZU©¶§ H¥$Ëdm Vo {e{~a§ à{VJVdÝV: &

¶Ú{n {dínbm¶m: nmX: ^¾: VWm{n gm
hVmoËgmhm Z OmVm & M¡Vݶ‘y{V©: gm dram“Zm Ed
AmgrV² & "œ: ‘¶m ¶wÕ§ H$aUr¶‘² Ed' B{V {Z{ü˶
gm nmX§ nwZ: àmáw‘² EoÀN>V² & AV: gm {ZübV¶m
Cn{dí¶ A{œZrHw$‘ma¶mo: ܶmZ§ H¥$VdVr & Vñ¶m:

33

^³Vo$: H$maUmV² A{œZrHw$‘mam¡ bmoh¶w³V§ nmX§
¶moO{¶Ëdm Vm§ ¶Wmnydª H¥$VdÝVm¡ & EVñ‘mV²
{dínbm ¶Wmnydª M{bVw§ ¶wÕ§ H$Vwª M g‘Wm©
OmVm &

AZÝVa{XZo àmV: gm ‘hVm CËgmhoZ
aUa“‘² AmJVdVr & aUa“o Vm§ ÑîQ‰>m Ed
eÌwg¡{ZH$m: M{H$Vm: ^rVm: M & Vñ¶m:
Xe©Z‘mÌoU Ed Vofm§ Y¡¶ª Zï>§ OmV‘² & gm
¶Xm Am¶wYàhma‘² AmaãYdVr VXm Vo
gd©Wm hVmoËgmhm: OmVm: & {dínbm eÌyZ²
H$Xbrd¥jmZ² Bd brb¶m H${V©VdVr &
ghóm{YH$m: g¡{ZH$m: V¶m g§öVm: &

Ed§ {dínbm¶m: em¡¶©ñ¶ H$maUV: Vpñ‘Z² ¶wÕo IobamOñ¶ Ed O¶: A^dV² &

drad{ZVm {dínbm ^Ìm© gh aUa“§ à{dí¶ em¡¶}U ¶wÕ§ H¥$VdVr & nmXH$V©ZmZÝVa‘{n A{œZrHw$‘ma¶mo:
AZwJ«hoU nmX§ nwZ: àmßVdVr eÌyZ² g§öVdVr M & EVoZ gmhgoZ gm doXdmL²>‘¶o ~hþYm àe§{gVm &

{dínbm¶m em¡¶ª VWm M ApídZrHw$‘ma¶mo: eë¶{H«$¶mH$m¡eb§ ñ‘aÝVw B{V Añ‘mZ² Cn{Xe{V B{Vhmg: &

^mfmä¶mg:

1. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MËdm [a³VñWmZm{Z nya¶V &

A) eÌd:  & (H¥$VdmZ²/H¥$VdÝV:) Am) IobamO:  & (à{dï>dÝV:/à{dï>dmZ²)

B) {dínbm  & (à{dï>dmZ²/à{dï>dVr) B©) gm ¶wÕ§  & (H¥$VdmZ²/H¥$VdVr)

C) eÌwg¡{ZH$m:  & (AdéÕdÝVm¡/AdéÕdÝV:) D$) g¡{ZH$m: {e{~a§  & (JVdÝV:/JVdÝVm¡)

E) eÌwg¡{ZH$m: nmX§  & (H${V©VdÝV:/H${V©VdÝVm¡) Eo) gm aUm“U‘²  & (AmJVd˶m¡/AmJVdVr)

Amo) {dínbm ܶmZ‘²  & (AmaãYdmZ²/AmaãYdVr)

Am¡) A{œZrHw$‘mam¡ Vm§ ¶Wmnydª  & (H¥$VdÝVm¡/H¥$Vd˶m¡)

2. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

A 1. bmoh¶w³V‘² 2. dram“Zm 3. ^rVm: 4. ‘hV² 5. eya:
Am 1. ¶wÕ‘² 2. eÌwg¡{ZH$m: 3. IobamO: 4. nmX‘² 5. {dínbm

3. AYmoXÎmofw {deofUofw ¶m{Z {deofUm{Z {dínbm§ Z dU©¶pÝV Vm{Z n¥Ww³Hw$éV &
M{H$Vm:, AYram, àe§{gVm, ^rVm, g‘Wm©, {Zübm, EH$m{H$Zr, M¡Vݶ‘y{V©:, AdéÕm, Mm‘wÊS>oœar,

‘hm{dXþfr, aUHw$ebm, eya:, Zm{¶H$m, Xþ:{IVm

4. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & 1. {dínbm¶m: em¡¶©ñ¶ dU©Z§ Hw$éV &
2. {dínbm A{œZrHw$‘ma¶mo: ܶmZ§ {H$‘Wª H¥$VdVr ?

34

nmR>mV² YmVwgm{YV-A춶m{Z {MZwV n¥W³Hw$éV M &

5. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ nmR>mV² {bIV& A[a:, MaU:, dr¶©‘², g“a:, aUm“U‘², ajH$m:, npÊS>Vm, drú¶,
doXZm, AJ{UVm: &

6. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ nmR>mV² {bIV & {‘Ì‘², H$mVaVm, Ag‘Wm©, H$mVa:, namO¶: &

‘m¡{IH$H$m¶©‘²-AYmoXÎm§ H$m¶ª $Ho$Z H¥$V‘² B{V {bIV &

(A) goZm¶m: Zm¶H$Ëdñ¶ ñdrH$aU‘² & (Am) amÁ¶o AmH«$‘U‘² &

(B) IobamOñ¶ níMmV² aUa“§ àdoe: & (B©) O¶§ àmáw§ ¶wJnV² AmH«$‘U‘² &

(C) {ÛJw{UV-CËgmhoZ ¶wÕ‘² & (D$) EH$nmXH$V©Z‘² &

(E) {e{~a§ à˶mJ‘Z‘² & (Eo) {dínbm¶m: Xe©Z‘mÌoU Y¡¶©ZmeZ‘² &

(Amo) ghòm{YH$g¡{ZH$mZm‘² g§haU‘² & (Am¡) Am¶wYàhmaoU CËgmhZmeZ‘² &

({dgJ©ñ¶ n[adV©Z§ {ZarjÜd‘² &) nR>V AdJÀN>V ! {díd§ {dgJ©ñ¶ &

• Aå^mo{YO©b{Yn©¶mo{YéX{Ydm©am{Þ{Ydm©[a{Y: & • ‘m ‘Zmo ‘Ywnmo ‘oKmo ‘Únmo ‘H©$Q>mo ‘éV² &
} a²ê$n: {dgJ©: ‘{jH$m ‘ËHw$Umo ‘Ëñ¶mo ‘H$mam Xe M#mbm: &&
Aå^mo{Y: + Ob{Y: ‘Z: + ‘Yþn: + ‘oK: + ‘Ún: + ‘H©$Q>: + ‘éV² &
+ n¶mo{Y: + CX{Y: ‘ËHw$U: + ‘Ëñ¶: + ‘H$mam: & AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©:
‘H$mam: + Xe & bmonr {dgJ©:
+ dmam{Þ{Y: + dm[a{Y: & • g {h ^d{V X[aÐmo ¶ñ¶ V¥îUm {dembm &
‘Z{g M n[aVwï>o H$mo@W©dmZ² H$mo X[aÐ: &&
namonH$ma: H$V©ì¶: àmU¡a{n YZ¡a{n &
}X[aÐ: + ¶ñ¶
}àmU¡a{n = àmU¡: + A{n & a²ê$n: {dgJ©:
H$: + X[aÐ: AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©:
YZ¡a{n = YZ¡: + A{n &

• CÎm‘m ‘ܶ‘m ZrMmpñVòmo d¡ àm{UZm§ {dYm: &

namW©ñdmW©{dÜd§gm bjUm{Z ¶WmH«$‘‘² &&

}CÎm‘m: + ‘ܶ‘m:

namW©ñdmW©{dÜd§gm: + bjUm{Z bmonr {dgJ©:

• h§gíídoV: ~H$íídoV: H$mo ^oXmo ~H$h§g¶mo: & • Ëd§ ~«÷m Ëd§ {dîUwñËd§ éÐñËd‘² BÝÐñËd‘² A{¾ñËd§
dm¶wËñd§ gy¶©ñËd§ MÝБmñËd§ ~«÷^y^w©dññdamo‘² &&
}Zrajra{ddoHo$ Vw h§gmo h§gmo ~H$mo ~H$: &&
h§g: h§ge² e²ê$n: {dgJ©: }{dîUw: {dîUwg²
~H$: ~H$e²
}H$: H$mo éÐ: éÐg²
^oX: ^oXmo AmoH$maê$n: {dgJ©: A{¾: A{¾g²
h§g: h§gmo dm¶w: dm¶wg² g²ê$n: {dgJ©:
gy¶©: gy¶©g²
~H$: ~H$mo MÝБm: MÝБmg²

35

aå¶g§ñ H ¥$V‘² & CnnX{d^³V¶: (YmVd:)&

1. J‘² = ({ÛVr¶m) nmÊS>dm: hpñVZmnwa‘² AJÀN>Z² &
2. Hw$n² = (MVwWu) ‘mVm {eedo H$Xm{n Z Hw$߶oV² &
3. H«w$Y² = (MVwWu) ñdm{‘Zr ^¥Ë¶m¶ H«w$ܶ{V &
4. Xm-¶ÀN²> = (MVwWu) {eî¶m: Jwado X{jUm§ ¶ÀN>ÝVw &
5. H$W² = (MVwWu) Aßgagm¡ XodoÝÐm¶ d¥ÎmmÝV‘² AH$W¶Vm‘² &
6. aj² = (n#m‘r) H¥$îU: g‘Q>mV²/AmnX: JmonmbmZ² aj{V &
7. {d + a‘² = (n#m‘r) Ëd§ d¥WmH$bhmV² {da‘ &
8. pñZh² = (gá‘r) d¶§ ^«mV¥fw pñZøo‘ &
9. éM² = (MVwWu) ZaoÝÐm¶ ì¶m¶m‘: amoMVo &
10. ñn¥h² = (MVwWu) Jm¡ar Hw$ÊS>bm¶ ñn¥h¶{V &

JUoem¶ ‘moXH$m: amoMÝVo & {edm¶ {~ëdnÌm{U amoMÝVo & ‘hmbú嶡 H$‘b§ amoMVo &
JUoe: ‘moXHo$ä¶: ñn¥h¶{V &
{ed: {~ëdnÌoä¶: ñn¥h¶{V & ‘hmbú‘r: H$‘bm¶ ñn¥h¶{V &

Ef: {Z{Ib: & {Z{Ibm¶ qH$ qH$ amoMVo?

{dÚm{ZHo$VZ‘²

{Z{Ibm¶ bÈx>H$m: amoMÝVo & embm amoMVo & nwñVH$m{Z amoMÝVo & J{UVg§ñH¥$Vo amoMoVo &

Efm H$mí‘ram & H$mí‘ram H$ñ‘¡/H$ñ¶¡ ñn¥h¶{V ?

H$mí‘ram H$ÊR>hmam¶ ñn¥h¶{V & eeH$mä¶m§ ñn¥h¶{V & ObH«$sS>m¶¡ ñn¥h¶{V & doUdo ñn¥h¶{V &
36

fð>: nmR>: & {nZ²H$moS²>-àdV©H$:, ‘hmZ² g§ñH¥$Vk: !

Jm¡ad: - Aao A‘o¶, Hw$Ì JÀN>{g ?
A‘o¶: - g‘rno Ed nÌno{Q>H$m dV©Vo & ‘mVwb§ à{V ņ àof{¶Vw§ VÌ JÀN>m{‘ &
Jm¡ad: - Xe©¶ nÌ‘² & A{n ~o“bwéZJao {Zdg{V Vd ‘mVwb: ? VV² Vw AVrd Xÿao {H$b ? H$Xm ņ

{dÝXoV² g: ?
A‘o¶: - gm‘mݶV: Ìr{U {XZm{Z Ano{jVm{Z VXW©‘² &
Jm¡ad: - Ìr{U {XZm{Z Ed ? EVmdV² erK«‘² ?
A‘o¶: - g˶‘² &
Jm¡ad: - {H$ÝVw gL²>Ho$V: Vw XodZmJar{b߶m {bpIV: & H$Um©Q>Ho$ Vw H$ÞS>{b{n: à¶wÁ¶Vo Zw ? V{h© H$W§

nÌdmhH$: VV² n{R>Vw§ eŠZw¶mV² ?
A‘o¶: - ní¶ EVV² & gL²>Ho$Vñ¶ AÝVo AmL²>½b^mf¶m H$üZ H«$‘mL²>H$: {bpIV: ApñV & OmZm{g Ibw

V{Ûf¶o ?
Jm¡ad: - Am‘², g: Vw {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘mL²>H$: & Ah§ ņ Z {bIm{‘ {H$ÝVw gÚñH$-H«$¶Ug‘¶o (Online

Shopping) {nZ²H$moS>²H«$‘mL²>H$: A{Zdm¶©: Ed & BVmo@{n M Añ‘mH§$ {d^mJo ATM emIm:,
é½Umb¶m:, {d{eï>godm: dm Hw$Ì gpÝV B{V kmVw§ {nZ²H$moS>²H«$‘mL²>H$: Amdí¶H$: Ed &

A{¶ {‘Ìm{U, ^maVgÑeo {dembo Xoeo gwXÿaàmÝVoä¶: AݶàmÝV§ à{V ào{fVm{Z nÌm{U {dZm
{dbå~§ {dZm à‘mX§ H$W§ bä¶ÝVo? d¶‘² Añ‘mH§$ {Zdmg{d^mJo nÌno{Q>H$m¶m§ ņ {jnm‘: & VV: VV²
nÌmb¶§ à{V JÀN>{V & VV: M {Z{X©ï>§ ñWmZ§ à{V àmßZmo{V & H$W§ e³¶m ^d{V Efm {dVaUì¶dñWm?
"{nZ²H$moS²>àUm{b:' B˶od EVñ¶ àýñ¶ CÎma‘² & {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘mL²>H$: Zm‘ nÌgL²>Ho$Vñ¶ AÝVo {b{IVm:
fQ²> gL²>»¶m: & {nZ²H$moS²> Zm‘ ñWmZgL²>Ho  VmL²>H :& (PIN - Postal Index Number). Am°JñQ> 1972-V‘o
{¼ñVmãXo ñdmVÝͶ{XZg‘mamoho àYmZ‘pÝÌ-BpÝXam-JmÝYr-‘hmoX¶m¶¡ CnhmarH¥$Vm Efm ‘hÎdnyUm© àUm{b: &
Ho$Z Ibw àd{V©Vm B¶§ gL²>Ho VmL²>H  àUm{b: ? g: nÌmb¶-A{YH$mar AmgrV² g§ñH¥$VnpÊS>V: J{UVk:

lram‘-{^H$mOr-dobUH$a‘hmoX¶: &
g: H$mobH$VmZJao S>mH$Vma{d^mJñ¶ {ZX}eH$ê$noU

H$m¶©aV: AmgrV² & Vñ¶ H$m¶©H$mbo EH$pñ‘Z² {XZo
H$mo@{n Xþ:{IV: Ho$ab-àXoer¶: g¡{ZH$: ‘hmoX¶§ ‘o{bVw‘²
AmJV: & g: Vñ¶ {nÌmo: ñdmñ϶{df¶o {H${#mX{n
kmVw‘² Ag‘W©: & ¶V: VXm nÌñ¶ àdmgH$mb: Ho$abV:
AéUmMbàXoen¶©ÝV§ ¹${MV² ‘mgm{YH$mo@{n AmgrV² &
VoZ n§. dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ {MÝVZ‘² AmaãY‘², "H$W§
nÌñ¶ àm{áH$mb§ ݶyZ§ H$Vwª e³Zmo{‘?' Xþ~m}Y§ hñVmja§,
{^Þm: àmÝVr¶m: ^mfm:, AnyU©: nÌgL²>Ho  V: B{V Z¡Ho$ à˶yhm: & AV: J{UVkoZ VoZ AL²>H$mZm‘² Cn¶moJ:
H¥$V: & VoZ Xoeñ¶ Aï> {d^mJm: H¥$Vm: & Vofm§ M Cn{d^mJ-OZnXmYmaoU H«$‘mL²>H$Z§ H¥$V‘² & VoZ AYwZm{n d¶§
{dZm¶mg§ erK«§ ņ b^m‘ho &
AZwemgZ{à¶ñ¶ dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ g“rV‘{n {à¶: {df¶: & g: ìhm¶mo{bZdmXZo VWm V~bmdmXZo@{n

37

AVrd {ZnwU: & AV: Ed g: "JrVJrdm©U‘²' B{V g“rV{df¶H§$ emór¶J«ÝW§ g§ñH¥$VoZ a{MVdmZ² & H$Wm:,
JrVm{Z, ~mbJrVm{Z, Z¥Ë¶ZmQ>瑲 B{V ~hþ{dYm: aMZm: VoZ H¥$Vm: VWm{n Z>mQ>çboIZ§ Vñ¶ A{^‘V:
gm{h˶àH$ma: & boIZ§, {X½Xe©Z§, ZmQ>ç{Z{‘©{V:, ì¶dñWmnZ§, g“rVg§¶moOZ‘² B{V gd©‘od H$Vwª g: g‘W©:
AV: ""g~Hw$N> lr{^:'' B{V Vñ¶ ZmQ>H$mZm§ »¶m{V: AmgrV² &

Yݶ: g: {dÛÛaoʶ: ¶oZ d¶§ {nZ²H$moS>²àUmë¶m CnH¥$Vm: &

^mfmä¶mg:

1. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MZwV &

A) nÌdmhH$: qH$ n{R>Ëdm ņ {dVa{V ?

(1) XodZmJar{bnr‘² (2) H$ÞS>{bnr‘² (3) AmL²>½b^mfm‘² (4) g‘o VH«$‘m‘‘²

Am) {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘m‘: AÌ Z Amdí¶H$: &

(1) é½Umb¶o (2) gÚñH$-H«$¶Uo (3) ATM emIm-AÝdofUo (4) nwñVH$nR>Zo

B) {nZ²H$moS²>-àUm{b: Ho$Z g‘maãYm ?

(1) BpÝXam‘hmoX¶¶m (2) JmÝYr‘hmoX¶oZ (3) àYmZ‘pÝÌUm (4) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ

B©) {nZ²H$moS²>H«$‘m‘o$ H${V gL²>»¶m: ? (1) 6 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 2

2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m {bIV & 1. dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ H$m¶©d¡{eîQ>çm{Z {bIV &

2. dobUH$a‘hmoX¶: Ho$Z àg“oZ {nZ²H$moS²>{Z‘m©Uo ào[aV: ?

3. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

A) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ H$: {à¶: {df¶: ? Am) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶: Ho  dmÚo dmX¶{V ñ‘ ?

B) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ a{MV: g“rV{df¶H$: J«ÝW: H$: ?

B©) {nZ²H$moS²>àUm{b{Z{‘Îm§ dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ Xoeñ¶ H${V {d^mJm: H¥$Vm: ?

D$) dobUH$a‘hmoX¶ñ¶ A{^‘V: gm{h˶àH$ma: H$: ?

5.A{d)eofUm[Z AàUpÝdm{bî¶: &{bI VA &m) g¡{ZH$: &

B) ^mfm: & B©) hñVmja‘² & dobUH$a‘hmoX¶oZ {b{IVm{Z

E) {df¶: & Eo) aMZm: & ZmQ>H$m{Z &
g“rVgm¡^Б² &

ApÝdî¶V {bIV M & 9 H$m{bXmgM[aV‘² & OÝ‘ am‘m¶Uñ¶ &
1. EVm: gL>²»¶m: qH$ {Z{X©epÝV & VZ¶mo amOm ^d{V H$W§ ‘o ? amkr XþJm©dVr &
aUlra“‘² & (Ìr{U ZmQ>H$m{Z) H$m{bÝXr &
40007 ñdmVÝͶbú‘r: (Z^moZmQ>瑲) &
ñdmVÝͶ{MÝVm‘{U: (Z^moZmQ>瑲) &
?? ? ? ? ? H$m¡{Q>br¶mW©ZmQ>瑲 (XÿaXe©Z‘m{bH$m) &
2. {d{dYXoeofw A{n nÌg‘oVm‘àUm{b: dV©Vo dm ? g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶o dbo UH$a‘hmoX¶a{MVm: eVm{YH$‘²
g§ñH¥$VJÝ« Wm: & Vofw ZmQ>H$-H$mì¶-g“r{VH$m-
ZË¥ ¶-ZmQ>ç-{dbmo‘H$mì¶m{Z B˶mX¶: {d{dYm:
gm{h˶àH$mam: à{gÕm: &

38

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 2

(A) {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:& ({dܶW©:)

N>mÌm: nR>ÝVw & (Anojm¶m: ~moY:) N>mÌm: nR>o¶w: & (eŠ¶Vm¶m: ~moY:)

{dܶW©: ({d{Y + AW©:)

CnXoe:, Amerdm©X:, àmW©Zm, H$V©ì¶‘², e³¶Vm, ^{dî¶ËH$mb{ZXo©e: B˶mX¶: &

1. OrdoV² eaX: eV‘² & (Amerdm©X:) 2. àmáo Vw fmoS>eo df} nwÌo {‘ÌdX² AmMaoV² && (H$V©ì¶‘²)
3. b^oV {gH$Vmgw V¡b‘{n ¶ËZV: nrS>¶Z² & (eŠ¶Vm) 4. ‘{V‘mZ² ñdñWmZ§ Z n[a˶OoV² & (CnXoe:)
5. Ah‘² A{^ZoVm/A{^ZoÌr ^do¶‘² & (^{dî¶ËH$mb:) 6. N>mÌ: à˶yfo C{Îmð>oV² & (CnXoe:)

nañ‘¡nX‘² {d{Y {bL ²>à˶¶m: ({d ܶW ©:) AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

BV² BVm‘² B¶w: àW‘: B©V B©¶mVm‘² B©aZ²

B: BV‘² BV ‘ܶ‘: B©Wm: B©¶mWm‘² B©Üd‘²

B¶‘² Bd B‘ CÎm‘: B©¶ B©d{h B©‘{h

nR² (1 n.n.) a‘² (1 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

nR>oV² nR>oVm‘² nR>o¶w: àW‘: a‘oV a‘o¶mVm‘² a‘oaZ²

nR>o: nR>oV‘² nR>oV ‘ܶ‘: a‘oWm: a‘o¶mWm‘² a‘oÜd‘²

nR>o¶‘² nR>od nR>o‘ CÎm‘: a‘o¶ a‘od{h a‘o‘{h

Z¥V² (4 n.n.) ‘Z² (4 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

Z¥Ë¶oV² Z¥Ë¶oVm‘² Z¥Ë¶o¶w: àW‘: ‘ݶoV ‘ݶo¶mVm‘² ‘ݶoaZ²

Z¥Ë¶o: Z¥Ë¶oV‘² Z¥Ë¶oV ‘ܶ‘: ‘ݶoWm: ‘ݶo¶mWm‘² ‘ݶoÜd‘²

Z¥Ë¶o¶‘² Z¥Ë¶od Z¥Ë¶o‘ CÎm‘: ‘ݶo¶ ‘ݶod{h ‘ݶo‘{h

{bI² (6 n.n.) {Xe² (6 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

{bIoV² {bIoVm‘² {bIo¶w: àW‘: {XeoV {Xeo¶mVm‘² {XeoaZ²

{bIo: {bIoV‘² {bIoV ‘ܶ‘: {XeoWm: {Xeo¶mWm‘² {XeoÜd‘²

{bIo¶‘² {bIod {bIo‘ CÎm‘: {Xeo¶ {Xeod{h {Xeo‘{h

nyO² (10 n.n.) ‘Ý̲ (10 Am.n.)

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

nyO¶oV² nyO¶oVm‘² nyO¶o¶w: àW‘: ‘Ý̶oV ‘Ý̶o¶mVm‘² ‘Ý̶oaZ²

nyO¶o: nyO¶oV‘² nyO¶oV ‘ܶ‘: ‘Ý̶oWm: ‘Ý̶o¶mWm‘² ‘Ý̶oÜd‘²

nyO¶o¶‘² nyO¶od nyO¶o‘ CÎm‘: ‘Ý̶o¶ ‘Ý̶od{h ‘Ý̶o‘{h

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g§dmX‘² B‘§ nR>V & (Am) g_mgm: &

{ejH$: - Am{XË`, `y`§ gd} ø: Hw$Ì JVdÝV:?

Am{XË`:- d`§ gd} AaÊ`§ JVdÝV: &

{ejH$: - AaÊ`o qH$ {H$_² AmgrV² ?

Am{XË`:- dZo d¥jm: AmgZ² &

{ejH$: - AÝ`V² {H$_² AmgrV² ?

Am{XË`:- IJm: ned: M &

{ejH$: - AÝ`V² {H$_² ?

Am{XË`:- \$bm{Z, nwînm{U, nÌm{U M AmgZ² &

{ejH$: - AaÊ`o d¥jIJned: AmgZ² &

AaÊ`o \$bnwînnÌm{U AmgZ² &

1. d¥jm: M IJm: M ned: M- d¥jIJned: &

2. \$bm{Z M nwînm{U M nÌm{U M- \$bnwînnÌm{U &

EVm{Z CXmhaUm{Z A{n ní`V &

1. gy`©ñ` àH$me:- gy`©àH$me: & 2. XeaWñ` nwÌ:- XeaWnwÌ: &

3. {à`: Xoe:- {à`Xoe: & 4. dmë_r{H$Zm a{MV_²- dmë_r{H$a{MV_² &

5. H$m`©o _¾:- H$m`©_¾: & 6. gwI§ M Xþ:I§ M- gwIXþ:Io &

7. am_: M bú_U: M- am_bú_Um¡ & 8. Zrb: H$ÊR>: `ñ` g:- ZrbH$ÊR>: &

9. EH$: XÝV: `ñ` g:- EH$XÝV: & 10. {XZo {XZo- à{V{XZ_² &

g§jon: Zm_ g_mg: &
eãXm: gå`H²$ Añ`ÝVo `Ì g: g_mg: & g_mg: ^mfm`m: _hÎdnyUª d¡{eîQ>ç_² &

g_mgm: AW©_² AZwgapÝV & gpÝYg_mg`mo: H¥$Vo nXÛ`_od Amdí`H§$ {H$ÝVw V`mo^}X: Ðï>ì¶: &

gpÝY: g_mg:
1. CƒmaU§ àYmZ_² & 1. AW©: àYmZ: &
2. {d^{³VàË``mZm§ bmon: Z ^d{V & 2. {d^{³VàË``mZm§ bmon: ^d{V&
3. gÝYm¡ g_mg: Z eŠ`: & 3. g_mgo gpÝY: eŠ`: &
4. gy`©ñ` + CX`: = gy`©ñ`moX`: & 4. gy¶©ñ¶ CX¶: = gy`© + CX`: = gy`m}X`: &

gm‘m{gH$eãXo nXÛ`_² 1) nyd©nX_² 2) CÎmanX_²

gm‘m{gH$nX‘² nyd©nX‘² CÎmanX‘²
gy`m}X`: gy`© CX`:
ZrbH$ÊR>: Zrb H$ÊR>:

40

nXñ` àYmZËd§ {H«$`mnXoZ {gÜ`{V & àYmZËdoZ g_mgmZm§ MËdma: àH$mam: & ¶Wm

nyd©nX_² CÎmanX_² AW©àYmZËd_² g_mgàH$ma: CXmhaU_²
1.   nyd©nXàYmZ: Aì``r^md: à{V{XZ_²
2.  CÎmanXàYmZ: XeaWnwÌ:
3.   C^`nXàYmZ: VËnwéf: am_bú_Um¡
4.  AÝ`nXàYmZ: ÛÝÛ: ZrbH$ÊR>:
 ~hþd«r{h:



C^¶nXmW©àYmZ: ÛÝÛ: g‘mg: &

1. BVaoVaÛÝÛ: g‘mg: &

{dÚm{ZHo$VZ‘²

MÝÐgy¶m£ ~mbH$~m{bH$m: d¥jbVm:
MÝÐ: M gy`©: M & ~mbH$m: M ~m{bH$m: M& d¥jm: M bVm: M &

BVa + BVa- {^ÞnXm{Z EH$Ì à`wÁ`ÝVo AÌ & 1. bKweãX: (ݶyZñda¶w³V: eãX:) àW‘: ^doV² &
2. g‘ñVnX§ {ZË`§ {ÛdMZo ~hþdMZo dm & 3. g‘ñVnXñ¶ {b“‘² CÎmanXmZwgma‘² &
4. {dJ«ho à{VnX§ àW_m {d^p³V: ¶moOZr¶m & 5. {dJ«ho, à{VnX§ "M' B{V A춶‘² Cn`mo³Vì`_² &
6. g‘ñVnX§ ~hþdMZo MoV² à{VnX‘² AWm©Zwgma‘² & 7. g‘ñVnX§ {ÛdMZo MoV² à{VnX‘² EH$dMZ‘² &

H¥${V: 1 - {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m g_ñVnXm{Z {bIV &

nÌnwînm{U &
H¥${V: 2 - {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m g_mg{dJ«h§ {bIV &

ñH$ÝX: M JUoe: M &

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