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FIRE: do’s and don’ts
BEFORE :
• The schools to be given license only after checking up its safety.
• The schools must have sufficient exit routes.
• Identify the fire hazards and where fires might start.
• Teachers/school staff to have training in fire safety.
• Students to be made aware about the do’s & don’ts.
• School to have an emergency plan and put up fire notices.
• Keep electrical inspection and testing up to date and carry out repairs.
• Kitchen has to be in secured and safe location only.
• Check the adequacy of fire fighting apparatus and its maintenance.
• Ensure fire escape routes and fire exit doors/ passageways are unobstructed and doors

open
correctly.
• Have first aid kits.
Conduct fire drills.
• Consult with and implement recommendations of the local fire brigade.
DURING :
• Exit from the school to an open area.
• Contain the fire if possible. If not , get outdoors immediately.
• Execute evacuation plan and practiced fire drills.
• Call the Fire Brigade.
• Do not allow children and teachers to panic.
• Do not let anyone hide. Teachers to ensure that nobody is trapped in toilet/indoors.
• If the room is filled with smoke, ask children to stay low to the ground during exit.
• Feel any closed door to see if they are hot before they are opened.
• If the door is hot, use the nearest window or another exit.
• Children and teachers should go to pre – arranged locations, teacher to take roll call.
• Teachers should comfort distressed children.
• Nearest hospital/authority to be alerted.
• Do not allow children to leave on their own , or to be taken home by strangers.

8

AFTER :
• DON’T Re- enter or permit anyone to enter the school building , unless the fire officials have

given permission to enter.

• Teachers to confirm that all students have reached their homes safely.
• Review the fire risk management plan and evacuation plan.

• Implement / execute recommendations by Fire Department and /or building professional before
reopening school for classes.
EARTHQUAKE: Do’s and Don’ts for Protection

EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE :
Most human lives in earthquakes are lost due to collapse of houses. Styles of making houses
depend on local climate, construction material available and on local traditions.

WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake is a sudden shake of the earth, which lasts for a short time, within a very imited
region. Most earthquakes last for less than a minute, but sometimes shock may last, for as long
as 3 to 4 minutes. The place where an earthquake originates inside the earth is called the focus
of the earthquake. The point vertically above this, on the surface of the earth, is called its epicenter.

WHY DO EARTHQUAKES HAPPEN
The entire surface of the earth is made up of several wide, thin and rigid plate like blocks. These
are in constant motion with respect to each other. This causes most earthquakes at edges of
plates and a few earthquakes within the plate. The movement is very slow but in some places it
is as much as about 5 cm per year. Earthquakes occur almost everywhere in

the world. Some regions have more earthquakes than other parts of the globe. Earthquakes can
be caused by other reasons too. Volcanic activity can shake the ground. Blasting, quarrying
and mining can cause small earthquakes.
Underground nuclear explosions are also man made earthquakes.

Tremendous amount of energy is released during an earthquake. This can cause widespread
damage. Human dwellings have to be protected from earthquakes. Collapse of buildings in an
earthquake, specially in congested areas, can cause havoc.
If you are caught indoors at the time of an earthquake,

• Keep calm.
• Stay away from glass windows, doors, almirahs, mirrors etc.

• Stay away from falling plaster, bricks or stones.
• Get under a table or a sturdy cot so that you are not hurt by falling objects.

• Do not rush towards the doors or staircase. They may be broken or jammed.
If you are outdoors at the time of earthquake,

• If open space is available nearby, go there.
• Keep away from tall chimneys, buildings, balconies and other projections.

• Do not run through streets; hoardings or lamps may fall on you.

9

After an earthquake
• Check if you or anyone else is hurt. Use first aid at least on the cuts and bruises.
• Keep the streets clear for emergency services.
• Switch off all appliances like the refrigerator, TV or radio Turn off the gas.
• Wear shoes to protect your feet from debris.
• A battery operated radio will help you to get important messages.
• Be prepared for more shocks. These aftershocks always follow an earthquake.
Avoid the following in an earthquake
• Do not crowd around damaged areas or buildings.
• Do not waste water. It will be needed for fire fighting.
• Do not move the seriously hurt people.
• Wait for medical help to arrive.
• Do not spread rumors. They lead to panic and worsen the situation.

FLOOD: Do’s and Don’ts for Protection
Do’s
• Switch off all electrical and gas appliances, and turn services off at the mains.
• Take your emergency kit and try to let your friends and family where you are going.
• Avoid contact with flood water - it may be contaminated with sewage, oil, chemicals or other

substances.
• If you have to walk in standing water, use a pole or stick to ensure that you do not step into

deep water, open manholes or ditches.
• Stay away from power lines - electrical current can travel through water. Report power lines

that are down to the power company.
• Look before you step - after a flood, the ground and floors are covered with debris, which may

include broken bottles, sharp objects, nails etc. Floors and stairs covered with mud and debris
can be slippery.
Don’ts
• Don’t walk through flowing water - currents can be deceptive, and shallow, fast moving water
can knock you off your feet.
• Don’t swim through fast flowing water - you may get swept away or struck by an object in the
water.
• Don’t drive through a flooded area - You may not be able to see abrupt drop-offs and only half
a metre of flood water can carry a car away. Driving through flood water can also cause
addi- tional damage to nearby property.
• Don’t return to your property until the “All Clear” has been given.
• Don’t reconnect your power supply until a qualified engineer has checked it. Be alert for gas
leaks - do not smoke or use candles, lanterns, or open flames.
• Don’t eat any food that has come into contact with flood water.

10

A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or an extinguisher,
is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control
small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for
use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached
the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no escape route, smoke,
explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires the expertise of
a fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a
hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which
can be discharged to extinguish a fire.

• Class A fire extinguishers, for example, have the green
triangle on them and also the special numerical rating, showing
the amount of water this extinguisher holds and the amount of
fire it is able to extinguish.
• Class B fire extinguishers are marked with the red square
and have the numerical rating indicating the approximate area
of fire (in square feet) it is able to extinguish.
• Class C fire extinguishers are marked with the blue circle,
but they don’t have any numerical rating. As a rule they contain
the non-conductive extinguishing agent, because they are often
used for electrical fire fighting.
• Class D fire extinguishers have the yellow decagon on
them and are mostly regarded as the part of chemical laboratory
firefighting equipment. They also don’t have any numerical rating
on them. There are also class K fire extinguishers, marked with
the black hexagon. They are intended for the fighting the fire,
caused by any cooking oils, fats or trans-fats combustion and
are highly recommended for restaurant or cafeteria kitchens.

11

DISASTER EMERGENCY KIT

When a natural disaster occurs, we can’t always rely on police or governments to provide help.
The grocery store might be so badly damaged that you can’t go into it. The supplies in the store
might be quickly depleted or you may not be able to get to the store.

The six basic supplies you need in a disaster kit are:

Water Food First aid supplies

Clothing, bedding and sanitation supplies Tools Special items

Water

You should have a three-day supply of water on hand, or about one gallon per day per person. If
your water is not already treated with chlorine, add some household bleach to the bottles. It
should be stored in a cool, dark place for no longer than six months

Food

Put aside at least three-days worth of food in your disaster kit that is non-perishable and don’t
need refrigeration.

Also, choose foods that don’t need heating. Avoid foods with a high salt content as they will
make you thirsty. Foods that are recommended are:

Candy, chocolate, tea, coffee Sugar, salt, pepper Canned juice, milk, soup Canned fruits, meat,
vegetables Peanut

butter, jelly, crackers Baby food if necessary Vitamins Pet food for those of us who have pets

Assemble a first aid kit for your home and one for each car. A first aid kit should include:

(1) Sterile adhesive bandages in assorted sizes. (2) 2-inch sterile gauze pads (4-6)

(3) 4-inch sterile gauze pads (4-6) (4) Hypoallergenic adhesive tape

(5) Triangular bandages (3) (6) 2-inch sterile roller bandages (3 rolls)

(7) 3-inch sterile roller bandages (3 rolls) (8) Scissors (9) Tweezers

(10) Needle (11) Moistened towelettes (12) Antiseptic (13) Thermometer

(14) Tongue blades (2) (15) Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant

(16) Assorted sizes of safety pins (17) Cleansing agent/soap

(18) Latex gloves (2 pair) (19) Sunscreen Non-prescription drugs

(20) pain killer (21) Antacid (for stomach upset) Clothing

(22) Bedding and Sanitation Supplies

Make sure your disaster kit contains clothes that will protect you from cold and from heat. You
should include at least one change of clothing per person, including footwear. Make sure you
bring soap, detergent, toilet paper, feminine supplies, garbage bags (to dispose of personal
waste), a plastic bucket with lid, disinfectant and household bleach.

12

Tools
• Mess kits, or paper cups, plates and plastic utensils.
• Emergency preparedness manual.
• Portable, battery-operated radio or television and extra batteries.
• Flashlight and extra batteries.
• Cash or traveler’s checks, change.
• Nonelectric can opener, utility knife.
• Fire extinguisher: small canister, ABC type.
• Tube tent.
• Tape.
• Plastic storage containers.
• Paper, pencil.
• Needles, thread
• Whistle.
• Plastic sheeting.
• Map of the area (for locating shelters).
Special Items :
Special items include family documents such as birth certificates, passports, wills, photo id,
bank account numbers, credit card numbers, household inventory, cash, books and other
entertainment, batteries, extra glasses and prescription drugs.

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22

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23

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24

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26

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ØyªE ≤∞ a¥o : 2011 H`¶asv ØQ μØyªE ,¨gs 21 : 2000
ØJü±k ¶$ªì · ØyªE : 2012 ≤∞ ØJk`g§I ØyªE : 2001
≤∞μØèaI ØyªE : 2002
`ªÔ¥k-ØyªE : 2013 ≤∞®g§ÆΩº ØyªE : 2003
ØJÔo · ØyªE : 2014 ØyªE · ∫gEº : 2004
ØèaIØQØJó∫‡ ·ØyªE : 2015 ØyªE≤∞πæÆQ : 2005
¢ßwaÌߣ·ØyªE : 2016 Cwi¥I · ØyªE : 2006
!ߟØyªE`ªÔÆA : 2017 –ªy∫ØQμØyªE : 2007
H`gè≤∞μØyªE : 2018 ØΩªås : 2008
!Ø≥º ßy>Ÿ ´£ ¢ªÆ“E ´A Øì •¥§Ì : 2019 ØyªE fßQßü { T¶ •Ôúü : 2009

ØyªEäªs≤∞`ªl§kKk`g§I : 2010



27

ߣ∫c] ßQ •Ååõ

Ckª§ü˘ = ¢b∫ßJü˘ ߣª]`ªÌ = Kѧs ¨`ª¡ØJÆì = KÉÚ ∫`bÚ H`gè = Hª§ΩªÌ
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{KõªY¢∫ = öªZI`ßs Ãßì = K㪣

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28

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