Hindi Chhatrapati Shivaji 4rth

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H$mJO : 70 Or.Eg.E_., {H«$_dmoìh

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‘wÐH$ : {XZm§H$ : 19.02.2014 g§MmbH$

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Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i, nwUo





छत्रपति शिवाजी (परिसर अध्ययन भाग - २) अध्ययन निष्पत्ति ः चौथी कक्षा

अध्ययन के लिए सुझाई हुई शैक्षणिक प्रक्रिया अध्ययन निष्पत्ति

सभी विद‌् यार्यिथ ों को अनभु वों का अवसर गटु /जोड़ी-जोड़ी से विद्‌यार्थी -
व्यक्तिगत रूप से दके र उन्हें निम्न बातों के लिए प्रेरित करना ।

• परिवार के वरिष्ठ (जेष्ठ/सदस्यों से चर्ाच करना और प्रश्न पूछना) 04.95B.01 विस्तारित कुट‍ंु ब में अपने तथा परिवार
जसै े - परिवार के कछु लोग एक साथ रहते ह,ंै चर्ाच करते हंै और
कुछ दरू रहते हैं, यह समझकर दरू रहने वाले रिश्तेदार, स्नेही इनसे के अन्य सदस्यों के आपसी रिश्तों को
सभं ाषण कर, उनके घर, यातायात के साधन और उनके स्थान, पहचानते हैं ।

लोक-जीवन इस विषय मंे जानकारी हासिल करना । 04.95B.02 परिवार/विद्‍यालय/पड़ोस इन स्थानों
• निडरता या बिना झिझकते अनभु वों के आधार पर प्रश्न तयै ार करना पर निरीक्षण और अनुभव की हुई/
समस्याओं पर स्वयं की राय देते हंै ।
और मनन करना । (जैसे साँचाबद्‍ध रूप/भेदभाव/बाल
• माता-पिता/अभिभावक/दादी-दादा, पड़ोस के बजु रु ्गों से चर्चा अधिकार)

करना और उनके जीवन के भूतकालीन और वर्तमान दनै िक उपयोगी
वस्तुएँ जसै े - कपड़े, बर्तन, कामों का स्वरूप, खेल की तुलना
करना, विशेष जरूरतमंद बालकों का समावशे न करना ।
• शिवाजी महाराज की जीवनी से संबंधित घटनाओं पर आधारित 04.95B.03 गुट में एक साथ काम करते समय एक-
भमू िका पालन करना । दसू रे के प्रति आस्था, समानानभु तू ी

• सकं टों को गुटचर्ाच के दव‌् ारा धरै ्य, परिश्रम, समयसूचकता की और नते तृ ्व गणु इन विषयों मंे अग्रणी

सहायता से किस प्रकार मात दी जा सकती है, इसकी खोज करना । रहते हैं और सक्रिय सहभाग लेते हंै ।

• घर/विद‌् यालय/समाज मंे आयोजित किए हुए विविध सासं ्कृतिक/ जसै े - अतं र्गृही (Indoor)/ बाहरी
राष्रट् ीय/पर्यावरण, उत्सव/विविध प्रसगं ाें में हिस्सा लने ा जसै े -
प्रातःकालीन या विशषे सभा प्रदर्शनी/दीवाली/ओणम/वसधुं रा (Outdoor)/स्थानीय/समकालीन
दिन/ईद आदि । वसै े ही कार्यक्रमों में नतृ ्य, नाटिका, अभिनय, उपक्रम और खले वैसे ही वनस्पतियों
सर्जनशील लखे न, कृति करना । (जसै े - दीए/रगं ोली/पतगं बनाना/ का ध्यान रखना, पशपु क्षियों काे खाना
इमारतों की प्रतिकृतिया,ँ नदियों के ऊपरी पलु की प्रतिकृति बनाना दने ा आसपास की वस्तुओं/बजु रु ्ग/
आदि । कथा, कविता, उद‌घ् ोषणाए,ँ घटनाओं का वतृ ्तांत कथन, दिव्यांगों के लिए प्रकल्प तयै ार करना/
सर्जनशील लखे न अथवा किसी सर्जनशील कृति का प्रस्तुतीकरण भूमिका निभाना ।

करना ।
• पाठ्‌यपसु ्तकांे के साथ दसू रे ससं ाधनों को पढ़ना/खोजना जैसे 04.95B.04 छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज के व्यक्तित्व
समाचार पत्रों की कतरने,ं श्राव्य सामग्री/कथा/कविता/ की विविध स्फरू ्तीदायी घटनाएँ बताते

चित्र/चित्रफिती/स्पर्श से महससू होने वाली सामग्री, हंै ।
अतं रजाल/ग्रंथालय, तत्सम अन्य कोई भी सामग्री ।

• शिवाजी महाराज की जीवनी के उदाहरणों द्‌वारा पर्यावरण रक्षा 04.95B.05 चतुरता, धरै ्य और विवेक की वजह से
जलसाक्षरता, समता, न्याय आदि के संदर्भ मंे सजगता विकसित
करना । मुसीबतों का सामना कर सकते हं,ै यह

• पारंपरिक एवं आधनु िक पोशाकों मंे पाया जानेवाला अतं र समझ बात शिवचरित्र से आत्मसात करते हंै ।

लने ा । 04.95B.06 भौगोलिक और सांस्ृकतिक कारणों से
• राज्य की बोली भाषा, त्यौहार-पर्व, उत्सवों की जानकारी प्राप्त
करना । वस्त्रों में होने वाली विविधता बताते

हैं ।

AZwH«$‘{UH$m

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ñWmnZm H$s & "ñdamÁ¶' H$m AW© h¡ - AnZm {H$¶m & A˶mMmar emgH$m| H$mo nam{OV {H$¶m &
amÁ¶ & {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ bJ^J Mma gm¡ CÝhm|Zo ݶm¶nyU© "qhXdr ñdamÁ¶' H$s ñWmnZm
df© nyd© ‘hmamîQ´> ‘| ñdamÁ¶ Zht Wm & ‘hmamîQ´> H$s & ¶h ñdamÁ¶ g^r Om{V¶m| Am¡a Y‘m] Ho$
H$m A{YH$m§e ^mJ Ah‘XZJa Ho$ {ZOm‘emh bmoJm| Ho$ {bE Wm & ñdamÁ¶ ‘| {H$gr àH$ma
VWm ~rOmnwa Ho$ Am{Xbemh Zm‘H$ gwbVmZm| Zo H$m ^oX^md Zht Wm & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo AnZo
Amng ‘| ~m±Q> {b¶m Wm & do CXma ‘Z Ho$ Zht ñdamÁ¶ ‘| qhXÿ Am¡a ‘wgb‘mZm| ‘| {H$gr àH$ma
Wo & do àOm na A˶mMma H$aVo Wo & CZ XmoZm| H$m ^oX^md Zht {H$¶m & CÝhm|Zo g^r Y‘m] Ho$
gwbVmZm| ‘| àmUKmVr eÌwVm Wr & CZ‘| àm¶… gmYw-g§Vm| H$m gå‘mZ {H$¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO
¶wX²Y hþAm H$aVo Wo & Bggo àOm H$s ~‹S>r XþX©em

1

Ho$ ‘hmZ H$m¶© XoIH$a h‘| àoaUm VWm ñ’y${V© ndy © ‘hmamîQ>´ ‘| AZHo $ gV§ hEþ & {edmOr ‘hmamO

{‘bVr h¡ & Zo CZH$o H$m¶m] H$m ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnZm H$o {bE Cn¶mJo

{edmOr ‘hmamO go bJ^J VrZ-Mma gm¡ df© {H$¶m & CZ H$m¶m] H$mo h‘ AJbo nmR> ‘| nT‹ >J| o &>

ñdmÜ`m`

1. H$moîR>H$ ‘| go C{MV {dH$ën MwZH$a [a³V 3. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘|
ñWmZ H$s ny{V© H$amo … {bImo …
(A) àOm{hV _| emgZ H$aZo dmbo amOmAm| Ho$
(A) {edmOr _hmamO H$m H$mbI§S> ............ Zm_ {bImo &
¶wJ H$m H$mbI§S> Wm & (Am) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo H$m¡Z-gm H$m¶© AnZo
(àmMrZ, _Ü`, AmYw{ZH$) hmWm| ‘| {b¶m ?
(B) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {H$gHo$ gmW g§Kf©
(Am) {edmOr _hmamO Zo ...........  ‘| ñdamÁ¶ {H$¶m ?
H$s ñWmnZm H$s &
(_hmamîQ´>, _Ü` àXoe, CËVa àXoe) 4. {^ÝZ eãX nhMmZmo …
(A) ñdamÁ`, namYrZVm, ñdV§ÌVm
2. C{MV Omo{‹S>¶m± {‘bmAmo … (Am) OZVm, àOm, amOm
"A' ñV§^ "~' ñV§^
CnH«$_
(A) {dO`ZJa H$m g_«mQ> (1) {ZOm_emh (A) Vw_ AnZr H$jm ‘| {edO¶§Vr ‘ZmAmo &
(Am) Ah_XZJa H$m gwbVmZ (2) Am{Xbemh (Am) {dX²`mb` Ho$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m`©H«$_ _|
(B) ~rOmnwa H$m gwbVmZ (3) H¥$îUXodam` Eo{Vhm{gH$ JrV, `eJmZ àñVwV H$amo &

(4) g‘«mQ> AH$~a

2

2. g§Vm| Ho$ H$m¶©

_hmamîQ´> _| lrMH«$Ya, g§V Zm_Xod, g§V ‘| CËnÝZ {H$¶m & Bgr ^m±{V _hmamîQ´> _| g_W©
kmZoída, g§V MmoIm_obm O¡go g§Vm| go g§V na§nam am_Xmg Zo ^r AnZm H$m`© {H$`m &
àma§^ hþB© & Bg g§V na§nam H$mo g_mO Ho$ {d{^ÝZ
dJm] go AmE hþE g§Vm| Zo AmJo ~‹T>m`m & BZ lrMH«$Ya ñdm_r : lrMH«$Ya ñdm_r
g§Vm| _| g§V Jmoamo~m, g§V gmdVm, g§V Zahar, ‘ybV… JwOamV Ho$ amOnwÌ Wo & do g§Ý¶mg YmaU
g§V EH$ZmW, g§V eoI _whå‘X, g§V VwH$mam_, H$a ‘hmamîQ´> ‘| AmE & ¶hm± ^«‘U H$aVo hþE CÝhm|Zo
g§V {Zbmo~m Am{X g§Vm| H$m g‘mdoe hmoVm g‘Vm H$m CnXoe {X¶m & CÝh| ñÌr-nwéf, Om{V-
h¡ & Bgr Vah g§V OZm~mB©, g§V gmo`am~mB©, nm±{V O¡gm ^oX^md ‘mݶ Zht Wm & Bgr H$maU
g§V {Z_©bm~mB©, g§V _wŠVm~mB©, g§V H$mÝhmonmÌm AZoH$ ñÌr-nwéf CZHo$ AZw¶m¶r ~Zo & CZHo$
Am¡a g§V ~{hUm~mB© {eD$aH$a H$m ^r g‘mdoe X²dmam ñWm{nV n§W H$mo "‘hmZw^md n§W' H$hVo
hmoVm h¡ &> h¢ & "brbmM[aÌ' Zm‘H$ J«§W lrMH«$Ya ñdm‘r
Ho$ g§ñ‘aUm| H$m g§J«h h¡ &
BZ g§Vm| Zo bmoJm| H$mo X¶m, Aqhgm, namonH$ma,
godm, g‘Vm VWm ~§YwVm Am{X JwUm| H$s {ejm
Xr & H$moB© N>moQ>m Zht; H$moB© ~‹S>m Zht, g^r
g‘mZ h¢; ¶h g‘Vm ^md CÝhm|Zo bmoJm| Ho$ ‘Z

lrMH«$Ya ñdm‘r g§V Zm‘Xod

3

g§V Zm_Xod : g§V Zm_Xod {dR²>R>b Ho$ EH$ ~ma g§V kmZoída Pmobr boH$a
na‘ ^³V Wo & do Zagr Jm±d Ho$ ahZodmbo Jm±d ‘| JE na§Vw {H$gr Zo CÝh| {^jm Zht
Wo & CÝhm|Zo AZoH$ "A^§J' aMo, H$sV©Z {H$E Xr & g^r OJh CÝh| Obr-H$Q>r ~mV| gwZZr
Am¡a OZVm ‘| OmJ¥{V CËnÝZ H$s & ^mJdV n‹S>t & Bggo CZHo$ ~mb ‘Z H$mo ~hþV XþI
Y_© H$o àgma H$o {bE do ‘hmamîQ>´ ‘| OJh- hþAm & do AnZr Pm|n‹S>r ‘| AmE Am¡a Pm|n‹S>r
OJh K‘y o & CÝhmZ| o bmJo m| H$mo AJmY ^p³V H$s H$m XadmOm ~§X H$aHo$ A˶§V XþIr hmoH$a
{ejm Xr & bmJo m| H$o ‘Z ‘| Y‘© ajm Ama¡ ^p³V ~¡R> JE & Cgr g‘¶ dhm± ‘w³Vm Am JBª &
^md H$o à{V ÑT‹ > AmñWm H$m {Z‘mU© {H$¶m & Kmg-’y$g Ho$ ~Zo XadmOo H$mo IQ>IQ>mH$a
AmJo MbH$a gV§ Zm‘Xdo Zo ^maV ^‘« U {H$¶m dh g§V kmZoída go H$hZo bJt, ""kmZoída
Ama¡ ‘mZd Y‘© H$m gX§ eo nhM±þ m¶m & do nO§ m~ ^¡¶m ! XadmOm Imobmo & Amn hr {Zame Am¡a
JE & dhm± CÝhmZ| o bmJo m| H$mo g‘mZVm H$m gX§ eo {X¶m & XþIr hm|Jo Vmo H¡$go MboJm ! g§gma H$m H$ë¶mU
CÝhmZ| o qhXr ^mfm ‘| nX {bI o  & CZH$o H$w N> nX AmO H$mZ¡ H$aJo m ?'' ~hZ H$s ~mV| gZw H$a do CËgm{hV
^r {gIm| H$o Y‘J© W§« "Jéw JW§« gm{h~' ‘| gH§ ${bV hþE & AnZm XþI ^ybH$a do gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶© ‘|
h¢ & ‘hmamîQ>´ H$o Ka-Ka ‘| CZH$o "A^J§ ' ~S‹ >o OwQ> JE & Cg g‘¶ OJh-OJh Jar~m| Am¡a
^p³V^md go JmE OmVo h¢ & {nN>‹S>r Om{V¶m| H$mo Y‘© Ho$ Zm‘ na gVm¶m OmVm
Wm & g§V kmZoída Zo bmoJm| H$mo A§V…H$aU go
g§V kmZoída : g§V kmZoída AmnoJm±d CnXoe {X¶m - ""B©ída na lX²Ym aImo & g^r
Ho$ ahZo dmbo Wo & {Zd¥pËVZmW Am¡a gmonmZXod Ho$ gmW g‘Vm H$m AmMaU H$amo & XþIr bmoJm|
CZHo$ ^mB© Wo VWm ‘w³Vm~mB© CZH$s ~hZ H$s ghm¶Vm H$amo; CZHo$ XþI Xÿa H$amo &'' {dJV
Wt & Cg g‘¶ Ho$ H$Q²>Q>an§Wr bmoJ BZ ~ÀMm| gmV gm¡ dfm] go CZHo$ CnXoe ‘hmamîQ´> Ho$ H$moZo-
na g§Ý¶mgr Ho$ ~ÀMo H$hH$a Xmof bJmVo H$moZo ‘| bJmVma Jy±O aho h¢ &
Wo & CgH$m H$maU ¶h Wm {H$ CZHo$ {nVm  Or
Zo g§Ý¶mg YmaU H$a {b¶m Wm & ’$bV…
CÝhm|Zo  Ka-X²dma  N>mo‹S>  {X¶m  Wm &  CgHo$
níMmV Jwé Or H$s Amkm go do { ’$a 
Ka dmng AmE Ama¡ EH$ Jh¥ ñW    H$m
OrdZ {~VmZo bJo & H$mbm§Va ‘|   CZH$s
¶o Mma g§VmZ| hþBª & Cg g‘¶
Ho$ H$Q>²Q>anW§ r bmJo m| H$mo ¶h ‘mݶ
Zht Wm & bmJo m| Zo CZH$m ~{hîH$ma
{H$¶m & bmJo CZ ~ÀMm| H$mo àVm{S‹ >V
H$aVo Wo &

g§V kmZoída
4

Cg g‘¶ Y‘© H$m kmZ g§ñH¥$V J«§Wm| ‘| hr VWm {nN>S‹ >r Om{V H$o bmJo m| H$mo CÝhmZ| o AnZm¶m &
~§X Wm & gd©gm‘mݶ bmoJm| H$s ~mobMmb Am¡a BVZm hr Zht ~pëH$ ‘yH$ àm{U¶m| na ^r CÝhm|Zo
H$m‘H$mO H$s ^mfm ‘amR>r hr Wr & g§V kmZoída X¶m H$s & CÝhm|Zo bmoJm| H$mo "àm{U‘mÌ na X¶m
Zo ‘amR>r ^mfm ‘| "kmZoídar' Zm‘H$ ‘hmZ J«§W H$amo', H$m CnXoe {H$¶m & g§V EH$ZmW O¡gm
{bIm & Y‘© Ho$ kmZ ^§S>ma H$mo CÝhm|Zo g~Ho$ H$hVo Wo; d¡gm hr H$aVo Wo &

g§V EH$ZmW EH$ {XZ do JmXo mdar ZXr ‘|
ñZmZ H$aZo H$o {bE Om aho Wo & Xmno ha
{bE Imob {X¶m & bmoJm| H$mo ~§YwVm H$s {ejm H$m g‘¶ Wm, {Mb{MbmVr Yny
Xr & g§V kmZoída Zo ¶wdmdñWm ‘| hr nwUo Ho$ Wr & ZXr VQ> H$s aVo Vn ahr
nmg Amb§Xr Zm‘H$ Jm±d ‘| Or{dV g‘m{Y bo Wr & dhm± na EH$ Aghm¶ ~ÀMm
br & AmO ^r bmIm| bmoJ à{V df© Amfm‹T>r ~¡R>m hþAm amo ahm Wm & CgHo$ amoZo
Am¡a H$m{V©H$s EH$mXer Ho$ {XZ ~‹S>o ^p³V^md H$s AmdmO g§V EH$ZmW Ho$ H$mZm|
go Amb§Xr Am¡a n§T>anwa OmVo h¢ & ‘| n‹S>r & CÝhm|Zo CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm
g§V EH$ZmW : g§V Zm_Xod VWm g§V kmZoída H$mo Ty>±‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE AnZr Ñ{îQ>
H$s H$m¶© na§nam H$mo AmJo MbmZo H$m H$m¶© g§V BYa-CYa Xm¡‹S>mB© & do Xm¡‹S>Vo hþE
EH$ZmW Zo {H$¶m & g§V EH$ZmW n¡R>U Ho$ ahZo dmbo Cg ~ÀMo Ho$ nmg JE & CÝhm|Zo
Wo & CÝhm|Zo ^p³V‘mJ© H$m àMma {H$¶m & CÝhm|Zo Cg ~ÀMo H$mo CR>mH$a JmXo ‘| bo
~hþV-go "A^§J', Amo{d¶m± (g~X) Am¡a ^mê$‹S> {b¶m & CgH$s Am±I| nm|N>t & Cgo CgHo$ Ka
(춧½¶ JrV) {bIo & "{H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m D±$M- nhþ±Mm¶m &
ZrM H$m ^oX ‘V ‘mZmo', `h CnXoe CÝhm|Zo bmoJm| H$mo
{X`m Am¡a ^p³V H$s ‘hmZVm g‘PmB© & Jar~ Bg àH$ma ñd¶§ Ho$ ì¶dhma go g§V EH$ZmW
Zo bmoJm| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| g‘Vm VWm ‘‘Vm H$s ^mdZm
Ñ‹T> H$s &

g§V VwH$mam_ : {edmOr _hmamO Ho$
g‘¶ g§V VwH$mam‘ VWm am‘Xmg Zm‘H$ g§V
hþE & g§V VwH$mam‘ nwUo Ho$ nmg Xohÿ Zm‘H$ Jm±d
‘| ahVo Wo & CZH$s IoVr-~m‹S>r Wr Am¡a AZmO
H$s XþH$mZ ^r Wr & CZHo$ nyd©O g§H$Q>J«ñV
bmoJm| H$mo G$U XoVo Wo na g§V VwH$mam‘ Zo AnZo
{hñgo ‘| AmE G$UnÌm| H$mo B§Ðm¶Ur ZXr ‘|
Sw>~mo {X¶m Am¡a bmoJm| H$mo G$U go ‘w³V H$a
{X¶m & nmg H$s nhm‹S>r na OmH$a do {dR²>R>b

5

H$o ^OZ H$aVo Wo & AmfmT‹ > g§V VwH$mam‘
VWm H$m{V©H$ ‘hrZo ‘| do
n§T>anwa OmVo Wo & dhm± H$mo "am‘ H$m Xmg' H$hbdmZo bJo & CÝhm|Zo
do H$sV©Z H$aVo, "A^§J' AnZo "Xmg~moY' J«§W Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go bmoJm| H$mo
aMVo Am¡a bmoJm| H$mo A‘yë¶ CnXoe {X¶m & Cgr àH$ma CÝhm|Zo "‘ZmMo
A^§J JmH$a gwZmVo Wo & íbmoH$' (‘Z Ho$ íbmoH$) Zm‘H$ aMZm X²dmam
hOmam| bmoJ CZH$m H$sV©Z bmoJm| H$mo gX²{dMma Am¡a gX²ì¶dhma H$s {ejm
gwZZo Ho$ {bE AmVo Xr & ep³V H$s CnmgZm Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo OJh-
Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO ^r OJh hZw‘mZ Or Ho$ ‘§{Xa ~ZdmE & bmoJm| H$mo
CZH$m H$sV©Z gwZZo Ho$ ep³V H$s CnmgZm H$aZm {gIm¶m & "H$« m{§ V ‘|
{bE Om¶m H$aVo Wo & g§V
VwH$mam‘ bmoJm| H$mo X¶m, g‘W© am‘Xmg
j‘m Am¡a em§{V H$s {ejm
XoVo Wo, g‘mZVm H$m CnXoe XoVo Wo &

"Oo H$m a§Obo Jm§Obo &Ÿ Ë`m§gr åhUo Omo Amnwbo

Vmo{M gmYw AmoiImdm & Xod VoWo{M OmUmdmŸ&'

AWm©V "XþIr Am¡a nr{‹S>Vm| H$mo Omo AnZm
g‘PVm h;¡ dhr gÀMm gmYw h¡ & Cgr H$mo
Bí© da g‘Pmo &' ¶h g§Xoe CÝhm|Zo bmoJm| H$mo
XoH$a {dMmaerb ~Zm¶m & bmoJ g§V VwH$mam‘
H$s O¶O¶H$ma H$aZo bJo & AmO ^r ‘hmamîQ´>
‘| h‘| "kmZ~m-VwH$mam‘' H$m O¶Kmof gwZmB©
XoVm h¡ & kmZoída H$mo hr kmZ~m H$hVo
h¢ & AmO ^r "VwH$mam‘ JmWm' H$m nmR> Ka-Ka
_| hmoVm h¡ &

g_W© am_Xmg : Bgr H$mbI§S> _| ‘hmamîQ´>
H$s nd©Vr¶ Km{Q>¶m| ‘| g‘W© am‘Xmg H$m Zmam
"O¶ O¶ aKwdra g‘W©' Jy±O ahm Wm & CZH$m
OÝ‘ ‘amR>dm‹S>m ‘| JmoXmdar ZXr Ho$ {H$Zmao
Om§~ Zm‘H$ Jm±d ‘| am‘Zd‘r Ho$ {XZ hþAm &
am‘Xmg H$m ‘yb Zm‘ Zmam¶U Wm na§Vw do ñd¶§

6

~‹S>r ep³V  hmoVr  h¡  &  Omo  H«$m§{V  H$aVm  h¡;  dh gmYw-g§Vm| Ho$ H$m¶m] go bmoJ OmJ¥V hþE &
g‘W© hmoVm h¡ &' ¶h g§Xoe CÝhm|Zo bmoJm| H$mo Y‘© Ho$ à{V AmXa^md ~‹T>m> & bmoJm| Ho$ ‘Z ‘|
{X¶m & g‘W© am‘Xmg Zo bmoJm| H$mo g§JR>Z ~ZmZo AmË‘{dídmg n¡Xm hþAm & g§Vm| Ho$ BZ H$m¶m] H$m
VWm Aݶm¶ H$m {damoY H$aZo H$s àoaUm Xr & Cn¶moJ {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnZm Ho$
VËH$mbrZ bmoJm| ‘| gmhg H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm & {bE {H$¶m &

ñdmÜ`m`

1. [a³V ñWmZ _| C{MV eãX {bImo … (Am) g§V Zm_Xod Zo bmoJm| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| {H$g Ñ‹T>
(A) g§V Zm_Xod ............ Ho$ na‘ ^³V Wo & AmñWm H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m ?
(Am) g§V kmZoída Zo ¶wdmdñWm ‘| hr nwUo Ho$ nmg
.......... Zm‘H$ Jm±d ‘| Or{dV g‘m{Y bo (B) g§V EH$ZmW Zo bmoJm| H$mo H$m¡Z-gm CnXoe
br & {X¶m ?
(B) g§V VwH$mam_ Zo AnZo {hñgo ‘| AmE G$UnÌm|
H$mo ............ ZXr ‘| Sw>~mo {X¶m & (B©) g_W© am_Xmg Zo H$m¡Z-gm g§Xoe {X¶m ?
(B©) ep³V H$s CnmgZm Ho$ {bE g‘W© am‘Xmg 3. Xmo-VrZ dm³¶m| ‘| CËVa {bImo …
Zo OJh-OJh ......... Ho$ Ԥ{Xa ~ZdmE &
(A) g§V kmZoída Pm|n‹S>r H$m XadmOm ~§X H$aHo$
2. àË`oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘| ³¶m| ~¡R> JE ?
{bImo …
(A) lrMH«$Ya ñdm_r H$mo H$m¡Z-gm ^oX^md (Am) g§V VwH$mam‘ Zo bmoJm| H$mo H$m¡Z-gm g§Xoe
‘mݶ Zht Wm ? {X¶m ?

CnH«$_
nmR> _| AmE hþE g§Vm| Ho$ A{V[aŠV AÝ` g§Vm| Ho$
{MÌm| H$m g§H$bZ H$aHo$ ZrMo CZHo$ {dMma {bImo &

7

3. ‘amR>m gaXma - ^mogbm| H$m namH«$_r KamZm

ApñWaVm H$m g‘¶ : g§Vm| Zo {Og àH$ma Ho$ ¶mXdm| Ho$ d§eO Wo & {edmOr _hmamO H$s
bmoJm| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| ^p³V^md H$m g§Mma {H$¶m, _mVm Or {OOm~mB© qgXIo‹S> Ho$ bIwOr OmYd
Cgr àH$ma dra ‘amR>m gaXmam| Zo ‘hmamîQ´> ‘| H$s ~oQ>r Wt &
em¡¶©na§nam H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m &
em¡`© H$s na§nam : ¶o gaXma ~‹S>o eya dra
dh g‘¶ A˶§V hr ApñWaVm H$m g_` Wo na§Vw CZ‘| go H$B© gaXmam| _| nañna ~‹S>r
Wm & ‘hmamîQ´> ‘| ~rOmnwa Ho$ Am{Xbemh Am¡a eÌwVm Wr & g§J{R>V hmoH$a nmañn[aH$ {hV Ho$
Ah‘XZJa Ho$ {ZOm‘emh Ho$ ~rM h‘oem ¶wX²Y {bE Hw$N> H$aZm Mm{hE; Eogm {dMma do H$^r
hmoVm Wm & ¶wX²Y Ho$ {bE goZm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht H$aVo Wo & ¶hr H$maU Wm {H$ CZH$m em¡¶©
hmoVr Wr & Bg H$m‘ ‘| do ‘amR>m gaXmam| H$s Cg g‘¶ Xÿgam| Ho$ H$m‘ AmVm Wm, bo{H$Z Eogm
ghm¶Vm boVo Wo & hmoVo hþE ^r ‘amR>m gaXmam| Zo ‘hmamîQ´> Ho$ hOmam|
OdmZm| ‘| draVm H$s ^mdZm ^ar & CÝhm|Zo ~hþV-
eay dra _amR>m gaXma : _amR>m Og¡ o go namH«$‘r dra V¡¶ma {H$E & ‘amR>m gaXmam|
OrdQ>dmbo Am¡a eyadra Wo d¡go hr do gmhgr Zo ‘hmamîQ´> ‘| em¡¶© na§nam H$mo Or{dV aIm &
VWm ñdm{‘^³V ^r Wo & ¶wX²Y ‘| ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ‘hmamîQ´> Ho$ eya KamZm| ‘| go Ebmoam H$m ^mogbo
namH«$‘ {XImZm CZHo$ {bE Jd© H$s ~mV Wr & KamZm ~hþV hr ~hmXþa {ZH$bm &
hmW ‘| ^mbm, H$‘a ‘| Vbdma bQ>H$mE gmhgr
‘amRm OdmZ Kmo‹S>o na gdma hmoH$a AnZo gaXmam| K¥îUoída H$m _§{Xa : bJ^J Mma gm¡ df©
H$s goZm ‘| em{‘b hmoVo Wo & CZHo$ nmg goZm nyd© H$s ~mV h¡ & Ebmoam H$s Jw’$mAm| Ho$ nmg
ahVr Wr & goZm aIZo dmbm ‘amR>m gaXma O~ K¥îUoída H$m gw§Xa ‘§{Xa OrU© AdñWm H$mo àmßV
^r gwbVmZ Ho$ nmg OmVm Wm Vmo dh Cgo AnZr hmo MwH$m Wm & CgH$s Xrdmam| ‘| ~‹S>r-~‹S>r Xama|
Zm¡H$ar ‘| aI boVm Wm & gwbVmZ Cgo gaXma n‹S> JB© Wt & ‘§{Xa H$m nwOmar ^r ‘§{Xa N>mo‹S>H$a
H$m nX XoVm Wm & H$^r-H$^r OmJra ^r XoVm Mbm J¶m Wm & BVZo ‘hmZ XodVm Am¡a CZHo$
Wm & OmJra nmZodmbm gaXma AnZo-AmnH$mo ‘§{Xa H$s Eogr XþX©em ! Cg ‘§{Xa H$mo XoIH$a
Cg OmJra H$m amOm ‘mZVm Wm & ^³Vm| H$mo ~‹S>m XþI hmoVm Wm & AmJ§VwH$ ^r
nr‹S>m go ^a OmVo qH$Vw CgH$s ‘aå‘V H$s ~mV
~rOmnwa Am¡a Ah‘XZJa Ho$ gwbVmZm| Ho$ H$m¡Z gmoMVm ?
Xa~ma ‘| H$B© ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ‘amR>m gaXma Wo & CZ‘|
qgXIo‹S> Ho$ OmYd, ’$bQ>U Ho$ qZ~mbH$a, ‘wYmob EH$ {ed^³V amoO {Z¶‘nyd©H$ Cg OrU©
Ho$ Kmoan‹S>o, Omdbr Ho$ ‘moao VWm Ebmoam Ho$ ^mogbo ‘§{Xa ‘| AmVm Wm & {edqbJ na ~obnÌ M‹T>m>Vm
Am{X à‘wI gaXma Wo& qgXIo‹S> Ho$ OmYd Xod{Jar Wm & hmW Omo‹S>H$a AnZo ‘Z H$s BÀN>m ^JdmZ

8

ehmOramOo
9

{ed go H$hVm Wm & EH$ {XZ CgZo ‘OXÿam| OmYd H$s ~oQ>r Ho$ {ddmh H$m àñVmd aIm &
H$mo gmW {b¶m Am¡a ‘§{Xa H$s OrU© Xrdmam| H$s bIwOramd OmYd H$s ~oQ>r {OOm~mB© gwbjUm
‘aå‘V H$admB© & CgH$s gmar ì¶dñWm R>rH$ Wt & {OOm~mB© Ho$ {bE {dR>moOramOo X²dmam aIo
H$a Xr & K¥îUoída H$m Imo¶m hþAm d¡^d bm¡Q> hþE àñVmd H$mo bIwOramd Zo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m &
Am¶m & ¶h g~ {H$gZo {H$¶m ? H$m¡Z Wm ¶h bIwOramd {ZOm‘emhr Ho$ eya Am¡a namH«$‘r
{ed^³V ! do Wo ‘mbmoOramOo ^mogbo & gaXma Wo & CZHo$ nmg ~hþV ~‹S>r goZm Wr &
{ZOm‘emh Ho$ Xa~ma ‘| ^r CZH$m ~‹S>m gå‘mZ
Ebmoam Ho$ ^mogbo : Ebmoam Jm±d Ho$ Wm & CÝhm|Zo ehmOramOo Am¡a {OOm~mB© H$m
nm{Q>b ‘mbmOo ramOo ^mgo bo ‘hmZ {ed^³V Wo & {ddmh ~‹S>r Yy‘Ym‘ go g§nÝZ {H$¶m & {OOm~mB©
{dR>moOramOo CZHo$ N>moQ>o ^mB© Wo & ¶o Ebmoam Ho$ ^mogbo n[adma H$s bú‘r ~Zt &
~m~mOramOo ^mogbo Ho$ ~oQ>o Wo & Ebmoam Ho$ nm{Q>b
Ho$ A{YH$ma ~m~mOramOo ^mogbo H$mo {‘bo Wo & ehmOramOo : {ZOm‘emh Zo ‘mbmoOramOo H$s
OmJra ehmOramOo H$mo Xr & ehmOramOo namH«$‘r
_mbmoOramOo Am¡a {dR>moOramOo H$V©ì¶{ZîR> Wo & {ZOm‘emh Ho$ Xa~ma ‘| CZH$m ~‹S>m gå‘mZ
Am¡a eya Wo & CZHo$ Xa~ma ‘| H$B© geñÌ ‘amR>o Wm & CËVa Ho$ ‘wJb g‘«mQ> Zo {ZOm‘emhr
Wo & dh g‘¶ ~‹S>r ApñWaVm H$m Wm & CËVa H$mo OrVZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmB© & ~rOmnwa H$m
Ho$ ‘wJb emgH$ Zo {ZOm‘emhr na AmH«$‘U Am{Xbemh ^r CZgo {‘b J¶m Wm & V~
H$a {X¶m Wm & VËH$mbrZ Xm¡bVm~mX {ZOm‘emh {ZOm‘emhr H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ {bE ‘{bH$ A§~a
H$s amOYmZr Wr & dhm± ‘{bH$ A§~a Zm‘H$ Am¡a ehmOramOo Ñ‹T>Vmnyd©H$ b‹S>o & XmoZm| goZmAm|
CgH$m EH$ dOra Wm & dh ~‹S>m namH«$‘r Am¡a H$mo CÝhm|Zo nam{OV {H$¶m & ¶h {d»¶mV ¶wX²Y
~wX²{Y‘mZ Wm & CgZo Xm¡bVm~mX Ho$ {ZH$Q> pñWV Ah‘XZJa Ho$ nmg ^mVd‹S>r Zm‘H$ ñWmZ
Ebmoam Ho$ ^mogbo ~§YwAm| H$m namH«$‘ XoIm Wm & na hþAm & Bg ¶wX²Y ‘| ear’$Or draJ{V H$mo
AV… CgZo {ZOm‘emh go CZHo$ em¡¶© H$s àe§gm àmßV hþE qH$Vw ehmOramOo Zo draVm H$m n[aM¶
H$s & {ZOm‘emh Zo ‘mbmoOramOo H$mo nwUo Am¡a {X¶m & AV… CZH$mo eya goZmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘|
gwno naJZm| H$s OmJra Xo Xr & »¶m{V àmßV hþB© & Xa~ma ‘| CZH$s à{VîR>m
~‹T>r>; ’$bñdê$n ‘{bH$ A§~a CZgo B©î¶m© H$aZo
^mogbo H$m Ka d¡^dg§nÝZ hmo J¶m & bJm & Bg H$maU CZ XmoZm| ‘| d¡‘Zñ¶ ~‹T>Vm
C‘m~mB© ‘mbmoOramOo H$s nËZr Wt & do ’$bQ>U J¶m &  AV… ehmOramOo Zo {ZOm‘emhr
Ho$ qZ~mbH$a KamZo H$s Wt & CZHo$ Xmo ~oQ>o Wo & N>mo‹S> Xr Am¡a do ~rOmnwa Ho$ Am{Xbemh
EH$ H$m Zm‘ ehmOr Am¡a Xÿgao H$m Zm‘ ear’$Or Ho$ nmg Mbo JE  &  Am{Xbemh Zo CÝh|
Wm & ehmOr O~ nm±M df© Ho$ Wo V~ ‘mbmoOramOo gdm}ÀM "gabíH$a' H$s nXdr go gå‘m{ZV
Zo B§Xmnwa Ho$ ¶wX²Y ‘| draJ{V nmB© & {dR>moOramOo {H$¶m &  H$mbm§Va ‘| {ZOm‘emhr ‘| ~‹S>r
Zo AnZo ^VrOo Am¡a CZH$s OmJra H$s ajm CWb-nwWb hþB© & dOra ‘{bH$ A§~a H$s ‘¥Ë¶w
H$s & CÝhm|Zo ehmOramOo Ho$ gmW bIwOramd

10

hþB© & CgH$m nwÌ ’$Vh ImZ YyV© Wm & A~ dh Bg pñW{V go C~maZo Ho$ {bE {ZOm‘emh H$s
{ZOm‘emhr H$m dOra ~Zm & CgHo$ H$m¶©H$mb ‘m± Zo ehmOramOo go dmng AmZo Ho$ {bE àmW©Zm
‘| {ZOm‘emhr H$m nVZ hmoZo bJm & ‘wJbm| Ho$ H$s & V~ ehmOramOo Am{Xbemhr H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a
AmH«$‘U H$m ^¶ CËnÝZ hþAm & {ZOm‘emhr H$mo {ZOm‘emhr ‘| dmng bm¡Q> AmE &

ñdmÜ`m`

1. H$moîR>H$ ‘| go C{MV {dH$ën MwZH$a [a³V 4. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘|
{bImo …
ñWmZ H$s ny{V© H$amo … (A) K¥îUoída Ho$ ‘§{Xa H$m OrUm}X²Yma {H$gZo
H$adm¶m ?
(A) ‘hmamîQ´> Ho$ eya KamZm| ‘| go Ebmoam Ho$ (Am) {ZOm‘emh Zo ‘mbmoOramOo H$mo {H$Z naJZm|
............ ~hþV hr ~hmXþa {ZH$bo & H$s OmJra Xr ?
(B) {ZOm‘emhr H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Z draVm
(_moao, Kmoan‹S>o, ^mogbo) nyd©H$ b‹S>o ?
(B©) Am{Xbemh Zo ehmOramOo H$mo {H$g Cnm{Y
(Am) ~m~mOramOo ^mogbo Ho$ ‘mbmoOramOo Am¡a go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m ?
............ Xmo ~oQ>o Wo & ({dR>moOramOo, (C) ehmOramOo Am{Xbemhr N>mo‹S>H$a dmng
{ZOm‘emhr ‘| ³¶m| bm¡Q> AmE ?
ehmOramOo, ear\$Or)
(B) ............ {ZOm_emh H$m dOra Wm & CnH«$_
‘hmamîQ´> Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| Ah‘XZJa, ’$bQ>U,
(_{bH$ A§~a, \$Vh ImZ, ear\$Or) Ebmoam, nwUo, gwno H$mo {XImAmo &

2. [aíVm ~VmAmo … {Q>ßnUr … `hm± "_amR>m' eãX "{d{eîQ> Om{V/g_mO
H$m ì`pŠV' Bg AW© ‘| Zht h¡ ~pëH$
(A) _mbmoOr amOo - {dR>moOr amOo ......... _amR>r ^mfr AWdm "_hmamîQ´>r`' Bg AW©
H$mo gy{MV H$aVm h¡ &
(Am) ehmOr amOo - bIwOramd OmYd ....

(B) ehmOr amOo - ear\$Or .............

(B©) ~m~mOr amOo - {dR>moOr amOo ..........

3. C{MV Omo{‹S>¶m± {‘bmAmo …

"A' ñV§^ "~' ñV§^

(A) {g§XIo‹S> (1) qZ~mbH$a

(Am) \$bQ>U (2) Kmoan‹S>o

(B) Omdbr (3) ^mogbo

(B©) _wYmob (4) _moao

(5) OmYd

11

4. {edmOr _hmamO H$m ~MnZ

{edZoar {H$bo ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m OÝ‘ ñWmZ

{edmOr ‘hmamO H$m OÝ‘ : CZ {XZm| Mmam| BÝht n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {OOm~mB© J^©dVr Wt
Amoa AamOH$Vm Wr & CËVa ^maV go ‘wJb emgH$ V~ ¶h àíZ gm‘Zo Am¶m {H$ Eogr AamOH$Vm
emhOhm± Zo X{jU H$mo OrVZo Ho$ {bE {demb H$s pñW{V VWm ^mJ-Xm¡‹S> ‘| CÝh| H$hm± aI|,
goZm ^oOr Wr & nwUo ehmOramOo H$s OmJra Wr & V~ ehmOramOo H$mo {edZoar {H$bo H$s ¶mX
~rOmnwa Ho$ Am{Xbemh Zo Cgo ÜdñV H$a {X¶m AmB© & CÝhm|Zo {OOm~mB© H$mo {edZoar ‘| aIZo
Wm & ehmOramOo AZoH$ H${R>ZmB¶m| go {Ka JE H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m & nwUo {Obo ‘| OwÝZa Ho$ nmg
Wo-¶hm± Hw$Am±, dhm± ImB© & CZHo$ OrdZ ‘| {edZoar ¶h A^oX²¶ {H$bm h¡ & CgHo$ Mmam| Amoa
ApñWaVm Am JB© Wr & D±$Mo-D±$Mo Q>rbo, ‘O~yV Xrdma| VWm gwÑ‹T> XadmOo

12

Wo & {H$bm ~hþV ‘O~yV Wm & {dO¶amO CgHo$ Xm¡‹S> ‘| ~rVo & Bg Xm¡‹S>-Yyn ‘| ^r {OOm~mB©
{H$boXma Wo & do ^mogbo H$o [aíVXo mam| ‘| go Wo & CÝhmZ| o Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo ~hþV CËV‘ {ejm
{OOm~mB© H$s ajm H$m Xm{¶Ëd AnZo D$na {b¶m & Xr & g§Ü¶mH$mb H$mo do Xr¶m ObmVt & {edmOr
ehmOramOo Zo {OOm~mB© H$mo {edZao r ‘| aIm &  _hmamO H$mo nmg {~R>mH$a CÝh| ߶ma go ghbmVt &
BgH$o níMmV CÝhmZ| o ‘Jw bm| na AmH$« ‘U {H$¶m & am‘, H¥$îU, ^r‘ Am¡a A{^‘ݶw H$s H$hm{Z¶m±
gwZmVt & g§V kmZoída, g§V Zm‘Xod Am¡a g§V
....Am¡a {’$a dh gw{XZ Am`m & ’$mëJwZ EH$ZmW Ho$ A^§J JmH$a gwZmVt & {edmOr
dX²¶ V¥Vr¶m eH$ g§dV² 1551 AWm©V A§J«oOr df© ‘hmamO H$mo dra nwéfm| H$s H$hm{Z¶m± AÀN>r
Ho$ AZwgma 19 ’$adar 1630 Ho$ {XZ {edZoar bJVr Wt & do gmoMVo Wo {H$ ~‹S>o hmoH$a do ^r
Ho$ Z³H$maImZo ‘| ehZmB© Am¡a ZJm‹S>o ~O aho CZH$s ^m±{V namH«$‘ {XImE± & {OOm~mB© CÝh|
Wo & Eogo ‘§Jb‘¶ g‘¶ na {OOm~mB© Zo nwÌaËZ gmYw-g§Vm| Ho$ M[aÌ H$s H$hm{Z¶m± ^r gwZmVt &
H$mo OÝ‘ {X¶m & {H$bo ‘| bmoJ Iwer go Py‘ ’$bñdê$n CZ‘| gmYw-g§Vm| Ho$ {bE lX²Ym ^md
CR>o & ~ÀMo H$m Zm‘H$aU hþAm & {edZoar {H$bo CËnÝZ hþAm &
‘| OÝ‘ boZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m Zm‘ "{edmOr'
aIm J¶m & Jar~ ‘mdbm| Ho$ ~ÀMo {edmOr ‘hmamO
Ho$ gmW IobZo Ho$ {bE AmVo Wo & H$^r-
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$m ~MnZ : {edmOr H$^r {edmOr ‘hmamO ^r CZH$s Pm|n{‹S>¶m| ‘|
‘hmamO Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ àW‘ N>h df© ~‹S>r ^mJ-

dra‘mVm {OOm~mB© ~mb {edmOr H$mo H$hm{Z¶m± gwZmVr hþBª &
13

gm{W¶m| Ho$ gmW ~mb {edmOr

OmVo & CZH$s ߶mO Am¡a amoQ>r ~‹S>o Mmd go ehmOramOo   _wJb   emgH$   H$s   Amoa   :
ImVo Wo & CZHo$ gmW ‘OoXma Iob IobVo Wo & ehmOramOo {ZOm‘emhr ‘| dmng bm¡Q>o qH$Vw dhm±
‘mdbm| Ho$ ~ÀMo Vmo ‘mZmo O§Jb Ho$ njr Wo & do CÝh| em§{V Zht {‘br & {ZOm‘emh H$mZ H$m
VmoVo, H$mo¶b Am¡a eoa H$s hÿ-~-hÿ ~mobr ~mobVo H$ÀMm Am¡a ApñWa d¥pËV H$m Wm & AV… Xa~ma
Wo & {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ hmWr-Kmo‹S>o ~ZmZm, {H$bo ~ZmZm ‘| fS>¶§Ì Am¡a nañna B©î¶m©-X²dof C’$mZ na
Am{X CZHo$ {චIob Wo & bwH$m-{N>nr H$m Wo & Bgr H$maU {ZOm‘emh Ho$ CH$gmZo na
Iob IobZm, J|X Am¡a bQ²>Qy> MbmZm ¶o Iob Vmo bIwOramd OmYd H$s ^ao Xa~ma ‘| h˶m H$s
gX¡d IobVo Wo & CZHo$ gmW {edmOr ‘hmamO JB© & Bg KQ>Zm go H«$mo{YV hmoH$a ehmOramOo Zo
^r ¶o Iob IobVo Wo & ‘mdbm| Ho$ ~ÀMo {edmOr {ZOm‘emhr H$m ˶mJ {H$¶m Ama¡ do ‘Jw bm| H$o
‘hmamO H$mo ~hþV MmhVo Wo & ¶hm± Mbo JE & ‘wJb emgH$ emhOhm± Zo CÝh|
AnZm gaXma ~Zm¶m &

14

Bgr ~rM dOra ’$Vh ImZ Zo ‘wJbm| go Zht Wm & Bg{bE ñdV§Ì amÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo
gm±R>-Jm±R> H$aHo$ {ZOm‘emh H$s h˶m H$s & H$m CZHo$ X²dmam {H$¶m J¶m à¶ËZ g’$b Zht
’$bV… {ZOm‘emhr ‘| Aì¶dñWm ’¡$b JB© & hþAm & {’$a ^r CZHo$ Bg gmhgr à¶mg Zo
¶h ñnï> hmo J¶m {H$ ’$Vh ImZ {ZOm‘emhr ‘amR>r bmoJm| ‘| AmË‘{dídmg n¡Xm {H$¶m & ¶hr
H$mo N>b-H$nQ> H$aHo$ ‘wJbm| H$mo gm¢n AmË‘{dídmg {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo ñdamÁ¶
XoJm & ¶hr Zht daZ² nwañH$ma Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘wJbm| Zo ñWmnZm Ho$ H$m¶© ‘| bm^Xm¶H$ {gX²Y hþAm &
Cgo ehmOramOo Ho$ Am{Yn˶dmbm àXoe nañna
Xo {X¶m h¡ & Bggo H«$mo{YV hmoH$a ehmOramOo Zo H$Zm©Q>H$ ‘| {OOm~mB© Am¡a {edmOr
‘wJbm| H$m gmW N>mo‹S> {X¶m Am¡a AnZo ~b~yVo ‘hmamO : ehmOramOo H$s {ZOm‘emhr H$m AñV
na ‘wJbm| H$mo g~H$ {gImZo H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m & hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ‘wJb g‘«mQ> Am¡a Am{Xbemh Zo dh
àXoe Amng ‘| ~m±Q> {b¶m & ehmOramOo H$s nwUo
ZB© {ZOm‘emhr H$s ñWmnZm : Am¡a gwno H$s OmJra nhbo go hr Am{Xbemh Ho$
ehmOramOo Zo dOra ’$Vh ImZ Am¡a ‘wJb amÁ¶ ‘| Wr & Am{Xbemh Zo dh OmJra AnZr Amoa
g‘«mQ> H$mo ‘mV XoZo Ho$ {bE {ZOm‘ d§e H$m EH$ go ehmOramOo H$mo Xo Xr & A~ do Am{Xbemhr ‘|
~mbH$ ImoO {ZH$mbm & Cg ~mbH$ H$mo OwÝZa Wo & Am{Xbemhr Zo CZna H$Zm©Q>H$ àXoe H$mo OrVZo
Ho$ nmg no‘{Jar {H$bo na {ZOm‘emh Kmo{fV H$s {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nr & ehmOramOo H$Zm©Q>H$ Mbo
{H$¶m & Bg Vah CÝhm|Zo EH$ ZE amÁ¶ H$s JE & Hw$N> g_` ~mX {OOm~mB© Am¡a {edmOr
ñWmnZm H$s & Bg amÁ¶ ‘| JmoXmdar go Zram _hmamO ^r CZHo$ nmg Mbo JE &
VH$ Ho$ àXoe Wo & AnZo Bg amÁ¶ H$s gwajm
Ho$ {bE ehmOramOo Zo namH$mîR>m H$m ¶wX²Y ‘hmamîQ´> ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m ~MnZ
{H$¶m & àma§^ ‘| Am{Xbemh Zo Bg H$m¶© ‘| CÝh| ApñWaVm ‘| ì¶VrV hþAm Wm & {OOm~mB© Am¡a
gh¶moJ {X¶m qH$Vw AmJo MbH$a ‘wJb emgH$ {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s H$^r Bg {H$bo na Vmo H$^r
emhOhm± Zo X{jU ‘| ehmOramOo na AmH«$‘U H$a Cg {H$bo na Xm¡‹S>-Yyn MbVr ahr & Cg g‘¶
{X¶m & CgZo Am{Xbemh H$mo MoVmdZr Xr & ~mb {edmOr AnZo {nVm Or H$s draVm Am¡a
’$bñdê$n Am{Xbemh Zo ehmOramOo Ho$ {damoY namH«$‘ H$s H$hm{Z¶m± gwZVo Wo & H$Zm©Q>H$ ‘| AmZo
‘| Cggo g§{Y H$a br & Ho$ ~mX XmoZm| H$mo AWm©V ‘m±-~oQ>o H$mo Wmo‹S>m Amam‘
{‘bm & ehmOramOo Zo H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ AZoH$ amOmAm|
A~ ehmOramOo N>mnm‘ma ¶wX²Y nX²Y{V go H$mo nam{OV {H$¶m & AV… Am{Xbemh Zo CÝh|
‘wJb Am¡a Am{Xbemh H$s {‘br-Owbr goZm go ~|Jbmoa H$s OmJra BZm‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Xr & A~
b‹S>Vo aho qH$Vw H$~ VH$ do AHo$bo hr BZgo ¶wX²Y ~|Jbmoa eha ehmOramOo H$m à‘wI {Zdmg ñWmZ
H$aVo ? CZH$m nj H$‘Omoa hmoVm J¶m & {dde ~Zm & dhm± do d¡^dnyU© OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo
hmoH$a CÝhm|Zo B©.g. 1636 _| _wJbm| Ho$ gmW bJo & do Xa~ma H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZo bJo &
g§{Y H$a br & ehmOramOo Ho$ {bE g‘¶ AZwHy$b

15

ñdmÜ`m`

1. H$moîR>H$ ‘| go C{MV {dH$ën MwZH$a [a³V 3. Xmo-VrZ dm³¶m| ‘| CËVa {bImo …
ñWmZ H$s ny{V© H$amo … (A) {OOm~mB© {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z-
(A) {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m OÝ‘ ......... {H$bo gr H$hm{Z¶m± gwZmVr Wt ?
‘| hþAm & (Am) ehmOramOo Zo {ZOm‘ d§e Ho$ ~mbH$ H$mo
(nwa§Xa, {edZoar, nÝhmbm) {ZOm‘emh Ho$ ê$n ‘| Kmo{fV ³¶m| {H$¶m ?
(Am) Am{Xbemh Zo ehmOramOo na ............
àXoe H$mo OrVZo H$s {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nr & CnH«$_
(H$Zm©Q>H$, ImZXoe, H$moH$U) (A) {edZoar {H$bo H$s g¡a H$amo & dhm± {edmOr
‘hmamO Ho$ OÝ‘ ñWb H$s OmZH$mar àmßV

2. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘| H$amo &
{bImo … (Am) Vw_ Omo nman§ [aH$ Iob Ibo Vo hm;o CZHo$ Zm_
(A) {OOm‘mVm Ho$ CnXoe go {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$
{bImo & CZ_| go {H$gr EH$ Iob H$s
‘Z ‘| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z-go {dMma AmZo bJo ? OmZH$mar Xg np§ ŠV`m| _| {bImo &

(Am) {edmOr ‘hmamO ‘mdbm| Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW

H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z-go Iob IobVo Wo ?
(B) ehmOramOo Zo {ZOm‘emhr H$m ˶mJ ³¶m|

{H$¶m ?

{edZoar {H$bm - _hmXadmOm
16

5. {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm

{edmOr ‘hmamO H$s {ejm H$m Ama^§ : Kw‘mZm, Vbdma MbmZm Am{X H$bmE± {gImZm
ehmOramOo ñd¶§ g§ñH¥$V Ho$ àH$m§S> n§{S>V Wo & Ama§^ {H$¶m & Bg Vah ~mah df© H$s Am¶w
CÝhm|Zo AZoH$ ^mfmAm| Ho$ n§{S>Vm| Am¡a H$bmH$mam| ‘| hr {edmOr ‘hmamO {d{^ÝZ H$bmAm| Am¡a
H$mo AnZo Xa~ma ‘| Aml¶ {X¶m Wm & {edmOr {dX²¶mAm| go n[a{MV hmo JE &
‘hmamO Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo {dX²dmZ {ejH$m| H$s
{Z¶wp³V H$s Wr & gmV df© H$s Am¶w hmoZo Ho$ erK« hr Am{Xbemh Zo ehmOramOo H$mo
~mX CZH$s {ejm àma§^ hþB© & Wmo‹S>o g‘¶ ‘| H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ Zm¶H$m| Ho$ amÁ¶m| na {dO¶ àmßV H$aZo
hr do {bIZo-n‹T>Zo ‘| {ZnwU hmo JE & do ñd¶§ Ho$ {bE ^oOm & ehmOramOo Zo H$Zm©Q>H$ OmZo go
am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV, ^mJdV H$s H$WmE± n‹T>Zo nyd© {OOm~mB© Am¡a {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo nwUo ^oO
bJo & ehmOramOo Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo {X¶m & ehmOramOo Zo CZHo$ gmW hmWr, Kmo‹S>o, n¡Xb
¶wX²YH$bm {gImZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {ejH$m| H$s goZm, H$mof, ÜdO; gmW hr {dídgZr¶ àYmZ,
{Z¶wp³V H$s & CÝhm|Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo eya goZmZr Am¡a »¶m{VàmßV {dX²dmZ {ejH$m|
Kw‹S>gdmar H$aZm, Hw$íVr b‹S>Zm, JVH$m-’$ar H$mo ^oOm &

ehmOramOo H$s {ZJamZr ‘| ~mb {edmOr H$s {ejm
17

nwUo H$s H$m¶mnbQ> : {OOm~mB© Am¡a Ny>Q> Xr & Bggo IoVr ‘| d¥X²{Y hmoZo bJr & ^o{‹S>¶o
{edmOr ‘hmamO nwUo nhþ±Mo & ¶hm± AmH$a {H$gmZm| H$mo ~hþV H$îQ> nhþ±MmVo Wo & AV… CZH$mo
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo AnZo ~MnZ Ho$ {XZ ¶mX ‘maZo Ho$ {bE nwañH$ma aIo JE & Bggo ~hþV-
AmE & ~MnZ ‘| do {edZoar H$s {‘Q²>Q>r ‘| go ^o{‹S>¶o ‘mao JE & Mmoam| H$s g§»¶m ~‹T> JB©
Iobo Wo & gh²¶m{Ð Ho$ D±$Mo-D±$Mo nd©V{eIa Wr & XmXmOr Zo {H$gmZm| Ho$ Xb ~ZmE Am¡a
XoIH$a CÝh| ~hþV àgÝZVm hþB© & VËH$mbrZ CZH$m nham {~R>m¶m & Bggo Mmoam| H$m AmV§H$
nwUo AmO H$s Vah ‘hmZJa Z Wm & ehmOramOo H$‘ hmo J¶m & CÝhm|Zo ^y{‘ H$s loUr {ZpíMV
Ho$ eÌwAm| Zo Bg gw§Xa Jm±d H$mo Vhg-Zhg H$aHo$ CgHo$ AZwgma bJmZ {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m&
H$a {X¶m Wm & Jm±d H$s g§npËV ZîQ> hmo MwH$s Bggo bmoJm| ‘|o àgÝZVm N>m JB© & IoVr ‘| gwYma
Wr & ‘H$mZ Qy>Q> MwHo$ Wo, ‘§{Xa Yamem`r hmo Am¡a bJmZ dgybr joÌ ‘| XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod Am¡a
MwHo$ Wo & eÌw Ho$ S>a go bmoJ Jm±d N>mo‹S>H$a ^mJ {ZOm‘ emh H$m dOra ‘{bH$ A§~a X²dmam {H$¶m
JE Wo & IoVr CO‹S> JB© Wr & O§Jb ’¡$b JE J¶m H$m¶© CëboIZr¶ Am¡a ‘m¡{bH$ ‘mZm OmVm
Wo & O§Jbm| ‘| ^o{‹S>¶o CËnmV ‘Mm aho Wo & nwUo h¡ &
H$s Eogr XþJ©{V hmo JB© Wr &
{edmOr   ‘hmamO   H$s   {ejm   ì¶dñWm   :
{OOm~mB© {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ gmW nwUo ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO nwUo H$s OmJra ‘| bm¡Q>o &
ahZo bJt & {OOm~mB© Zo Amg-nmg Ho$ Jm±ddmbm| {’$a ^r {OOm~mB© H$s {ZJamZr ‘| CZH$s {ejm
H$mo ~wbmH$a AmídñV {H$`m & bmoJm| H$mo ~‹S>m YraO ì¶dñWm Mb ahr Wr & ~|Jbmoa go AmVo g‘¶
{‘bm & bmoJ nwUo _| AmH$a ahZo bJo & do IoVm| ehmOramOo X²dmam ^oOo JE à{V{îR>V {ejH$m| Zo
‘| H$m‘ H$aZo bJo & {OOm~mB© Zo ÜdñV hþE ‘§{Xa {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo AZoH$ emñÌ, {dX²¶m VWm
R>rH$ H$admE & ‘§{Xam| ‘| gw~h-em‘ nyOm hmoZo ^mfmAm| H$m à{ejU {X¶m &
bJr & Jm±d bmoJm| go ^a J¶m & Bg àH$ma nwUo
H$m ê$n ~Xb J¶m & CËV‘ amÁ¶ Am¡a àemgZ H¡$gm hmo, eÌw
go ¶wX²Y H¡$go H$a|, {H$bo H¡$go ~m±Y|; hmWr
XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod Ho$ H$m¶© : O~ {OOm~mB© Am¡a Kmo‹S>m| H$s naI H¡$go H$a|, eÌwAm| Ho$
Am¡a {edmOr ‘hmamO H$Zm©Q>H$ ‘| Wo V~ nwUo H$s XþJ©‘ (~rh‹S>) BbmH$m| ‘| go {IgH$H$a H¡$go
OmJra H$s XoI^mb XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod H$a aho Wo & {ZH$b| O¡gr AZoH$ {dX²¶mAm| go {edmOr
do H$m|T>mUm Ho$ gy~oXma ^r Wo & XmXmOr ~‹S>o B©‘mZXma ‘hmamO AdJV hþE & {edmOr ‘hmamO
godH$ Wo & àemgZ MbmZo _| do gË`dmXr Wo & Bgr H$s {ejm ‘| hþB© àJ{V XoIH$a {OOm~mB©
^m±{V do ݶm¶r ^r Wo & CZH$m AZwemgZ H$R>moa àgÝZ hþBª &
Wm& do{ZîR>mdmZWo & Bg ~rM ehmOramOo Ho$ AmXoe
na ~‹S>m ^dZ ~Zdm¶m J`m & CgH$m Zm‘ "bmb dra‘mVm {OOm~mB© H$s {edmOr ‘hmamO
‘hb' & {H$gmZ IoVr H$s n¡Xmdma ~‹T>mE±; Bg H$mo grI : {OOm~mB© H$moB© gm‘mݶ ‘{hbm Zht
CX²Xoí¶ go CÝhm|Zo CZH$mo Hw$N> dfm] VH$ bJmZ ‘| Wt & do bIwOramd OmYd O¡go ep³Vembr
gaXma H$s ~oQ>r Am¡a ehmOramOo O¡go namH«$‘r

18

nwéf H$s nËZr Wt & amOZr{V Am¡a ¶wX²YZr{V dra‘mVm {OOm~mB©
H$s KQw >²Q>r {OOm~mB© H$mo ~MnZ go hr {‘br
Wr & OmYd Am¡a ^mogbo XmoZm| à{gX²Y Am¡a lrH¥$îU Ho$ d§e ‘| Vwåhmam OÝ‘ hþAm h¡ &
KamZm| H$s ¶wX²Y{චna§nam CZHo$ amo‘- Aao ! Vw‘ ^r XþîQ>m| H$m Zme H$a gH$moJo & Vw‘
amo‘ ‘| ~gr Wr & {OOm~mB© ñdm{^‘mZr VWm ^r Jar~m| H$mo gwIr ~Zm gH$moJo &''
ñdV§ÌVm{චWt & ‘amR>m gaXma Mmho {OVZm
~‹S>m namH«$‘ {XImE± {’$a ^r gwbVmZm| Ho$ ‘m±gmho~ Ho$ CnXoe go {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo
Xa~ma ‘| Cgo H$moB© ‘hËËd Zht {‘bVm CËgmh {‘bVm Wm & am‘, H¥$îU, ^r‘ Am¡a AOw©Z
Wm & Bg ~mV H$m CÝh| ~wam AZw^d hþAm & ^ao Am{X dram| H$s H$hm{Z¶m± CÝh| ¶mX AmVr Wt & do
Xa~ma ‘| {ZOm‘emh Zo CZHo$ {nVm H$s h˶m hr dra nwéf {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ ܶmZ, ‘Z VWm
H$s Wr & ¶h XþI ^r CÝhm|Zo ghZ H$a {b¶m ñdßZ ‘| {Za§Va ahVo Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO gX¡d
Wm & {OOm~mB© Zo {ZíM¶ {H$¶m Wm, "CZHo$ ¶hr gmoMVo Wo, "O¡go do dra Aݶm¶ Ho$ {déX²Y
nwÌ {ed~m Bg àH$ma Xÿgam| H$s MmH$ar Zht b‹S>o; d¡go hr h‘ ^r b‹S>|Jo & {Og àH$ma CÝhm|Zo
H$a|Jo & do ñd¶§ AnZo bmoJm| H$m amÁ¶ AWm©V XþîQ>m| H$m X‘Z {H$¶m, Cgr àH$ma h‘ ^r H$a|Jo &
ñdamÁ¶ H$m {Z‘m©U H$a|Jo &' Bg {dMma go do
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo gwg§ñH$m[aV H$a ahr Wt &

‘mdb ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| H$mo ‘mdbo H$hm
OmVm Wm & ‘mdbo B©‘mZXma, H$R>moa n[al‘r Am¡a
’w$Vubo Wo & OrdQ>Vm ‘| CZH$s ~am~ar H$moB© Zht
H$a gH$Vm Wm bo{H$Z gwbVmZm| Ho$ emgZ go do
ÌñV Wo & gwbVmZm| H$s goZm Jm±dm| H$mo byQ>Vr
Wr & ’$bñdê$n àOm H$mo Xa-Xa ^Q>H$Zm n‹S>Vm
Wm & CZH$m H$moB© aIdmbm Zht Wm & {edmOr
‘hmamO gmoMVo Wo {H$ Eogo XþIr Am¡a nr{‹S>V
bmoJm| Ho$ {bE Hw$N> H$aZm Mm{hE &

Ka bm¡Q>Zo na {OOm~mB© Ho$ gmW do dmVm©bmn
H$aVo Wo & {OOm~mB© H$hVr Wt, ""{ed~m !
^mogbm| Ho$ nyd©O lram‘M§Ð Wo & lram‘M§Ð
Zo XþîQ> amdU H$mo ‘mam Am¡a àOm H$mo gwIr
~Zm¶m & OmYdm| Ho$ nyd©O lrH¥$îU Wo & CÝhm|Zo XþîQ>
H§$g H$mo ‘mam Am¡a àOm H$mo gwIr ~Zm¶m & lram‘

19

{Og àH$ma CÝhm|Zo àOm H$mo gwIr ~Zm¶m, ‘hmamO OmJra H$m àemgZ MbmZo bJo & bmoJm|
d¡gm hr h‘ ^r H$a| & h‘ ݶm¶r, gmhgr, Ho$ gwI-XþI H$s Amoa ܶmZ XoZo bJo & àOm na
namH«$‘r ~Z| & Aݶm¶ H$aZo dmbm| H$mo X§{S>V {H$¶m OmZo bJm &
EH$ Vah go ehmOramOo H$s OmJra ‘| ~hþV ~‹S>m
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$s ZB© emgZ ì¶dñWm : n[adV©Z hmo ahm Wm & ^{dî¶ ‘| {Z{‘©V ñdamÁ¶
A~ nwUo H$s OmJra ‘| {OOm~mB© Ho$ _mJ©Xe©Z _| H$m Z‘yZm ‘mdbm| H$mo XoIZo H$mo {‘b ahm Wm &
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$m Z¶m emgZ àma§^ hmo J¶m & O¡go {H$ dh ñdamÁ¶ H$m gy¶m}X¶ hr Wm &
Bg H$m‘ Ho$ {bE ehmOramOo Zo V¡¶mar H$adm Xr
Wr & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo ~|Jbmoa go nwUo ^oOVo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m {ddmh : Cg
g‘¶ gm‘amO ZrbH§$R> noedo, ~mbH¥$îU hZ‘§Vo g‘¶ ~MnZ ‘| {ddmh H$aZo H$s àWm Wr & V~
‘wOw‘Xma, ‘mUH$moOr XhmVm|S>o gaZmo~V, aKwZmW {OOm‘mVm Zo H$hm, ""A~ h‘mao {ed~m H$m
~ëbmb g~Zrg, gmoZmon§V S>~ra O¡go AZw^dr {ddmh H$a XoZm Mm{hE &'' AV… CZHo$ {bE
ì¶p³V CZHo$ gmW H$a {XE Wo & ‘mZmo ¶o g~ gw`mo½` H$Ý`m H$s ImoO àma§^ hþB© & CÝh| EH$
ñdV§Ì amOm Ho$ A{YH$mar hr hm| & ehmOramOo H$ݶm ng§X AmBª & CZH$m Zm‘ Wm gB©~mB© &
Zo BZ A{YH$m[a¶m| H$mo nwUo Bg{bE ^oOm Wm do ’$bQ>U Ho$ ZmB©H$-qZ~mbH$a KamZo H$s ~oQ>r
{H$ {edmOr ‘hmamO AnZr OmJra H$m àemgZ Wt & ¶h {ddmh ~‹S>r Yy‘Ym‘ go g§nÝZ hþAm &
AÀN>r Vah go MbmE± & CZH$s ‘XX go {edmOr

ñdmÜ`m`

1. H$moîR>H$ ‘| go C{MV {dH$ën MwZH$a [a³V ñWmZ (B) XmXmOr H$m|S>Xod Zo {H$gmZm| H$mo bJmZ ‘|
H$s ny{V© H$amo … Ny>Q> ³¶m| Xr ?
(A) ehmOramOo ñd¶§ ......... Ho$ àH$m§S> n§{S>V
Wo & 3. Xmo-VrZ dm³¶m| ‘| CËVa {bImo …
(g§ñH¥$V, H$ÝZ‹S>, V{‘b) (A) nwUo H$m ê$n H¡$go ~Xb J¶m ?
(Am) ‘mdb ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| H$mo ........... (Am) {edmOr ‘hmamO {H$Z {dX²¶mAm| ‘| {ZnwU
H$hm OmVm Wm & hmo JE ?
({H$gmZ, g¡{ZH$, ‘mdbo)
(B) {OOm~mB© Zo H$m¡Z-gm {ZíM¶ {H$¶m ?
2. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘| CnH«$_
{bImo …
(A) {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo {ejm àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ (A) {OOm~mB© Am¡a {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ g§dmXm|
{bE {ejH$m| H$s {Z¶wp³V {H$gZo Am¡a H$hm± H$m ZmQ²>¶rH$aU H$amo &
H$s ?
(Am) {ejH$m| Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo H$m¡Z-gr (Am) dra_mVm {OOm~mB© H$m M[aÌ n‹T>mo &>
{dX²¶mE± {gImZm àma§^ {H$¶m ?

20

6. ñdamÁ` ñWmnZm H$s à{Vkm

am`aoída H$m ‘§{Xa : nwUo H$s X{jU-npíM‘ {XZm| VH$ H$Q>Vo-‘aVo ah|Jo ? ~VmBE, Amn hr
{Xem ‘| pñWV am¶aoída H$m ‘§{Xa ~‹S>m gw§Xa ñWmZ ~VmBE ! OmJram| Ho$ bmo^ go ³¶m h‘ Bgo Eogo
Wm & B©.g. 1645 ‘| dhm± EH$ {dbjU KQ>Zm hr MbZo X|Jo ?''
KQ>r & {edmOr ‘hmamO Am¡a Amg-nmg H$s
KmQ>r Ho$ Hw$N> ‘mdbo {dMma-{d‘e© H$aZo Ho$ {edmOr ‘hmamO Amdoe Ho$ gmW ~mob aho
{bE dhm± BH$Q²>R>o hþE Wo & Cg KZo O§Jb ‘| no‹S>m| Wo & H«$moY go CZH$m Moham V‘V‘m ahm
Am¡a Pm{‹S>¶m| Ho$ ~rM pñWV am¶aoída Ho$ ‘§{Xa Wm & ~mobVo-~mobVo do éH$ JE & CZ ¶wdm
‘| do ‘mdbo {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ gmW {H$g ~mV gm{W¶m| H$s Amoa XoIZo bJo & am¶aoída Ho$
H$s MMm© H$a aho Wo ? {ed e§H$a go do Š`m ‘§{Xa ‘| BH$Q²>R>o ‘mdbo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s
‘m±J aho Wo ? ~mVm| go amo‘m§{MV hmo CR>o & CÝh| ZB© Ñ{îQ>
{‘br & CZ‘| go EH$ ~mob CR>m, ""~mo{bE, ~mbamOo,
~mb {ed~m H$s VoOñdr dmUr : {edmOr ~mo{bE & AnZr _ZmoH$m_Zm h_| ~VmBE & Amn
‘hmamO Am¶w ‘| A^r ~hþV N>moQ>o Wo na§Vw CZH$s Omo H$h|Jo; dh H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘ V¡¶ma h¢ &'' ""Or
‘hËËdmH$m§jm D±$Mr Wr & CÝhm|Zo EH$ ~‹S>r ¶moOZm hm± ! amOo, Amn Omo H$h|Jo, dhr h‘ H$a|Jo &
~ZmB© & {ed ‘§{Xa ‘| BH$Q²>R>o hþE AnZo gm{W¶m| go AnZo àmU ^r X|Jo &'' do g^r VoOñdr ¶wdm dra
CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>o CËgmh Am¡a {dídmg Ho$ gmW H$hm, EH$ ñda ‘| ~mob CR>o &
""gm{W¶mo ! ³¶m AmO ‘¢ Vwåh| AnZo ‘Z H$s EH$
~mV ~VmD$± ? h‘mao {nVm Or ehmOramOo ~rOmnwa ñdamÁ¶ H$s enW : ‘mdbm| Ho$ BZ eãXm|
Ho$ gaXma h¢ & CÝhm|Zo hr h‘| ¶hm± H$s OmJra H$m go {edmOr ‘hmamO CËgm{hV hþE & EH$-EH$ H$s
A{YH$ma {X¶m h¡ & g~ Hw$N> Vmo R>rH$ Mb ahm Amao XIo Vo hEþ do Iew r go ~mbo ,o ""{‘Ìmo ! h‘mam
h¡ ! ‘Ja gm{W¶mo, ‘wPo Bg‘| Oam-gr ‘mJ© {ZpíMV hmo J¶m & AnZo ܶo¶ Ho$ {bE h‘
^r Iwer Zht h¡ & gwbVmZ H$s OmJra g~ à¶ËZ H$a|Jo & h‘ g~ H$îQ> CR>mE±Jo; g^r
go h‘ ³¶m| g§VwîQ> ah| ? Xÿgam| Ho$ hmW go AnZo àmU An©U H$aZo Ho$ {bE V¡`ma ah|Jo &
h‘ nmZr ³¶m| nrE± ? h‘mao Mmam| Va’$ H$B© h‘ g~H$m bú¶ h¡ qhXdr ñdamÁ¶ ! AmnH$m,
Xÿgao amÁ¶ h¢ & CZ‘| àm¶… ¶wX²Y MbVo ahVo h‘mam, g~H$m ñdV§Ì amÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZm
h¢ & BZ ¶wX²Ym| ‘| h‘mao AmX‘r ì¶W© hr ‘aVo h¡ & Xÿgam| H$s namYrZVm h‘| ñdrH$ma Zht
h¢ & ~hþV-go n[adma ~oKa hmo OmVo h¢ & h‘mao h¡ & CR>mo ! Bg am¶aoída H$mo gmjr ‘mZH$a h‘
àXoe H$s ~a~mXr hmoVr h¡ & BVZm g~ ghH$a ^r à{Vkm H$a| & ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnZm Ho$ {bE h‘
h‘| ³¶m {‘bVm h¡ ? namYrZVm ! h‘ {H$VZo {XZm| AnZm gd©ñd An©U H$a|Jo &''
VH$ Bgo ghVo ah|Jo ? Xÿgam| Ho$ {bE h‘ {H$VZo
gmam ‘§{Xa {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ eãXm| go Jy±O
CR>m & A§V ‘| CÝhm|Zo {ZíM¶nyd©H$ H$hm, ""¶h

21

22

ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnZm H$s à{Vkm

amÁ¶ qhXdr ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmo, Eogr B©ída ahVo Wo & BZ PJ‹S>m| ‘| ‘amR>m| H$s ep³V AZm¶mg

H$s BÀN>m h¡ & B©ída H$s Bg ‘ZmoH$m‘Zm H$mo h‘ hr ~a~mX hmo ahr Wr; ¶h ~mV {edmOr ‘hmamO

nyar H$a|Jo &'' Zo AÀN>r Vah OmZ br Wr & CÝhmZ| o Cgo amHo $Zo

do gmao ‘mdbo ñdamÁ¶ H$s enW boH$a H$m ÑT‹ > {ZíM¶ {H$¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO Xeo ‘Iw m|
am¶aoída Ho$ ‘§{Xa go ~mha AmE & {edmOr H$o Jmd± m| ‘| OmVo Ama¡ CÝh| ¶o ~mV| g‘PmVo & CÝh|
‘hmamO H$m ‘Z ^mdm{^^yV hmo J¶m & nwUo AmVo ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ CX²Xoí¶ go à^m{dV H$aVo & {edmOr
hr do bmb ‘hb ‘| ‘m±gmho~ Ho$ nmg JE & ‘hmamO Zo AnZr ‘Ywa dmUr go CÝh| AnZm
CÝhm|Zo K{Q>V KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z ‘mVm {OOm~mB© go ~Zm {b¶m na§Vw Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo CZH$s Adkm
{H$¶m & ‘m±gmho~ Yݶ hmo JBª & CÝh| {dídmg H$s & CÝh| ^r {edmOr ‘hmamO ghr amñVo na bo
hþAm {H$ CÝhm|Zo Omo gmoMm Wm, ~mb {edmOramOo AmE & ‘amR>m| Ho$ Amngr PJ‹S>m| H$mo CÝhm|Zo g‘mßV
Cgo Adí¶ nyam H$a|Jo & H$adm¶m & g~ CÝh| YݶdmX XoZo bJo & ‘mdb
àXoe Ho$ Pw§Pmaamd ‘ab, h¡~Vamd {eb‘H$a,
‘mdb àXoe ‘| ‘mdbm| H$m g§JR>Z : ~mOr nmgbH$a, {dR>moOr {eVmobo, OoYo, nm¶Jw‹S>o,
{edmOr ‘hmamO AnZo ZE H$m¶© ‘| OwQ> JE & ~m§Xb Am{X Xoe‘wI {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s ~mV ‘mZZo
‘mdbm| H$mo boH$a do Vbdma~mOr H$aZo bJo & bJo & ‘mdb àm§V ‘| ñdamÁ¶ H$s bha Vrd« J{V
Kw‹S>gdmar H$aZm, nhm{‹S>¶m| ‘| XþJ©‘ ‘mJ© Ty>±‹T>Zm, go ~‹T>Zo bJr &>
Xam], Km{Q>¶m| Ed§ JwßV ‘mJm] Am{X H$m {ZarjU
H$aZm CZH$s {XZM¶m© hmo JB© & {edmOr ‘hmamO {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s amO‘wÐm : {edmOr
Zo ‘mdbm| H$m öX¶ OrV {b¶m & ¶wdm ‘mdbo ‘hmamO Ho$ Zm‘ go OmJra H$m àemgZ àma§^
{edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ {bE nmJb hmo JE & CZH$m hþAm Wm & ehmOramOo Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s
‘mZZm Wm {H$ OrE±Jo Vmo {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ ñdV§Ì amO‘wÐm V¡¶ma H$s & dh Bg àH$ma Wr -

{bE Am¡a ‘a|Jo Vmo {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ {bE & à{VnÀM§ÐboIod d{Y©îUw{d©ídd§{XVm Ÿ&&

{edmOr ‘hmamO H$s J{V{d{Y¶m± g‘wÐ Ho$ Ádma emhgyZmo… {edñ`¡fm _wÐm ^Ðm` amOVo Ÿ&&
Ho$ g‘mZ ~‹T>Vr JBª & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo nwUo Ho$
Amg-nmg Ho$ g^r J‹T> Am¡a {H$bm| H$m AnZo

gm{W¶m| Ho$ gmW {ZarjU {H$`m & CÝhm|Zo JwßV

‘mJm], gwa§Jm|, VhImZm|, Jmobm-~mê$X, AñÌ-

eñÌ VWm eÌw goZm Ho$ ñWbm| H$s nyar OmZH$mar

erK« hr àmßV H$a br &>

‘mdb àXoe Ho$ gmWr : ‘mdb àXoe ‘|
OJh-OJh H$B© Xoe‘wI AnZr-AnZr OmJra

g±^mbo ~¡R>o Wo & CÝh| AnZr OmJra H$m ~hþV bmo^ amO‘wÐm
Wm & do OmJram| Ho$ {bE Amng ‘| b‹S>Vo-PJ‹S>Vo

23

"à{VnXm Ho$ M§Ð‘m H$s Vah ~‹T>Zo dmbr Am¡a gmao ^mfm ‘| CHo$ar OmVr Wt na§Vw {edmOr ‘hmamO
g§gma Ho$ {bE nyOZr¶ hmoZo dmbr ¶h amO‘wÐm H$s amO‘wÐm g§ñH¥$V ^mfm ‘| Wr & ñdamÁ¶ H$s
ehmOramOo Ho$ gwnwÌ {edmOr amOm H$s amO‘wÐm Vah hr ñd^mfm Am¡a ñdY‘© ^r Mm{hE qH$Vw
bmoJm| Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ {bE h¡;' ¶h g§Xoe XoZo Xÿgao Y‘m] H$m X²dof ^r Z hmo & erK« hr g^r
dmbr amO‘wÐm ñdamÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$m g§Ho$V ‘mdbm| H$s g‘P ‘| Am J¶m {H$ {edmOr ‘hmamO
hr Wr &> Zo ¶h H$m¶© bmoH$H$ë¶mU Ho$ {bE hr àma§^
{H$¶m h¡ &
Cg H$mbI§S> ‘| amO‘wÐmE± àm¶… ’$magr

ñdmÜ`m`

1. [a³V ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© H$amo … (Am) {OOm~mB© H$mo H$mZ¡ -gm {dídmg hmZo o bJm ?
(A) nwUo H$s X{jU-npíM‘ {Xem ‘| pñWV (B) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {H$Z ~mVm| H$s nyar
........... H$m ‘§{Xa ~‹S>m gw§Xa ñWmZ Wm &
(Am) ‘mdb àXoe ‘| OJh-OJh H$B© ........... OmZH$mar àmßV H$a br ?
(B©) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {H$Z ~mVm| H$s amoH$Wm‘
AnZr-AnZr OmJra| g±^mbo ~¡R>o Wo &
H$aZo H$m Ñ‹T> {ZíM¶ {H$¶m ?>
(B) ehmOramOo Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s ñdV§Ì 3. Xmo-VrZ dm³¶m| ‘| CËVa {bImo …
........... V¡¶mar H$s &
(A) {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m bú¶ ³¶m Wm ?
2. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘| (Am) {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m {XZH«$‘ ³¶m Wm ?
{bImo … CnH«$_
(A) am¶aoída Ho$ ‘§{Xa ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnZm H$m {MÌ
~ZmAmo &
A§V ‘| {ZíM¶nyd©H$ ³¶m H$hm ?

24

7. ñdamÁ¶ H$m àma§^

{edmOr ‘hmamO Zo AnZo gm{W¶m| Ho$ gmW VmoaUm {H$bm : {edmOr ‘hmamO
am¶aoída Ho$ ‘§{Xa ‘| ñdamÁ¶ ñWmnZm H$s à{Vkm H$mo nwUo, gwno, MmH$U Am¡a B§Xmnwa àm§Vm| H$s
H$s Wr na§Vw dh {H$VZm H${R>Z H$m¶© Wm ! {Xëbr OmJraXmar {‘br Wr & Bg OmJra Ho$ {H$bo
H$m ‘wJb ~mXemh, ~rOmnwa H$s Am{Xbemhr ~rOmnwa Ho$ Xa~mar A{YH$m[a¶m| Ho$ Am{Yn˶ ‘|
gwbVmZ, JmoAm Ho$ nwV©Jmbr Am¡a O§Oram H$m Wo & {H$bm| Ho$ {~Zm ñdamÁ¶ H¡$gm ! {H$bm
{gX²Xr-¶o Mma gËVmE± Cg g‘¶ ‘hmamîQ´> na {OgH$m, amÁ` CgH$m ! {H$bm hmW ‘| hmoZo
emgZ H$a ahr Wt & BZ gËVmAm| H$m ~‹S>m X~X~m go hr Amgnmg Ho$ àXoem| na emgZ {H$¶m
Wm & CZHo$ {déX²Y Hw$N> H$hZo H$m gmhg {H$gr OmVm h¡ & nhm‹S>r {H$bm Vmo amÁ¶ H$m ‘w»¶
‘| Zht Wm & Eogr H${R>Z n[apñW{V ‘| {edmOr AmYma hmoVm h¡ & AV… {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo
‘hmamO Zo ñdamÁ¶ H$m ‘§Ì ’y±$H$m & H$hm± eÌw {ZíM¶ {H$¶m {H$ erK« hr H$moB© ‘O~yV {H$bm
goZm H$s {demb ep³V Am¡a H$hm± {edmOr OrVZm Mm{hE & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s Am±Im|
‘hmamO Ho$ gm{W¶m| H$s Aën ep³V ! na§Vw Ho$ gm‘Zo VmoaUm {H$bm Wm & nwUo go X{jU-
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$m {ZíM¶ AQ>b Wm & CZHo$ npíM‘ {Xem ‘| Mm¢gR> {H$bmo‘rQ>a H$s Xÿar na
AZwîR>mZ ‘| hr ep³V Wr & H$mZX Zm‘H$ KmQ>r ‘| ¶h {H$bm h¡ & nhm‹S>r

VmoaUm {H$bm (Pw§Oma ‘MmZ)
25

{H$bm| ‘| VmoaUm {H$bm g~go A{YH$ XþJ©‘ H$s & qhXdr ñdamÁ¶ H$m hf©dmX²¶ ~OZo bJm &
Wm & VmoaUm {H$bo na Xmo ^mar ‘MmZ| Wt & EH$ ZJm‹S>m| VWm Vwa{h¶m| H$s AmdmO gh²¶m{Ð H$s Km{Q>¶m|
"Pw§Oma' ‘MmZ Wr Am¡a Xÿgar "~wYbm' & ‘MmZ ‘| Jy±O CR>r & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo Bg {H$bo H$m Zm‘
H$m AW© h¡ {H$bo H$s M‹T>mB© na ñdm^m{dH$ aIm "àM§S>J‹T>' &
Ñ{îQ> go g‘Vb hEþ ^^y mJ H$s MhmaXrdmar &
Pw§Oma ‘MmZ AnZo Zm‘ H$s Vah hr OwPmé ^dmZr ‘mVm H$m Amerdm©X : VmoaUm
Am¡a b‹S>mHy$ h¡ & {H$bo go ZrMo CVaZo Ho$ {bE {H$bo na {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m H$m‘H$mO àma§^
EH$ hr ‘mJ© h¡ Am¡a dh ‘mJ© Pw§Oma ‘MmZ go hmo J¶m & CÝhm|Zo {H$bo H$m gyú‘ {ZarjU
h¡ & ¶h ‘mJ© ~‹S>m H${R>Z h¡ & ‘mJ© na MbVo {H$¶m & {H$bo na ‘amR>m {H$boXma, ~«mh²‘U g~Zrg,
g‘¶ ¶{X H$moB© g§VwbZ Imo Xo Vmo dh grYo ZrMo à^w H$maImZrg Am{X A{YH$m[a¶m| H$mo {Z¶w³V
KmQ>r ‘| {Ja OmVm h¡ & VmoaUm {H$bo H$s JUZm {H$¶m & goZm ‘| ‘mdbo, H$mobr, am‘moer, ‘hma
‘hmamîQ´> Ho$ gwÑ‹T> {H$bm| ‘| H$s OmVr h¡ & {H$bo Am{X Om{V¶m|-OZOm{V¶m| Ho$ eya-dram| H$s ^Vu
‘| VmoaUOmB© Xodr H$m ‘§{Xa h¡ & Bgr go Bg {H$bo H$s & ñdamÁ¶ H$s goZm ‘| Om{V^oX, dU©^oX
H$m Zm‘ VmoaUm n‹S>m & Eogm ^ì¶ {H$bm ! na§Vw O¡gm {H$gr àH$ma H$m ^oX^md Zht Wm & {H$bo
Am{Xbemh H$m CgH$s Amoa CVZm ܶmZ Zht H$s ‘aå‘V ewê$ hþB© Am¡a {H$VZo AmíM¶© H$s
Wm & {H$bo na Z Vmo n¶m©ßV nhaoXma hr Wo Am¡a Z ~mV ! H$m‘ àma§^ hr hþAm Wm {H$ {H$bo ‘|
Jmobm ~mê$X & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ¶h XoI ‘wham| go ^ao Mma K‹S>o {‘b JE & H$m‘ H$aZo
{b¶m & do ^r R>rH$ ¶hr MmhVo Wo & CÝhm|Zo dmbm| H$mo ~‹S>r Iwer hþB© & ha ì¶p³V H$hZo
VmoaUm {H$bm OrVH$a ñdamÁ` H$m VmoaU ~m±YZo bJm, "{edmOr ‘hmamO na Xodr ^dmZr àgÝZ
H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m & hþB© h¢ & CÝhm|Zo hr ¶h YZ {X¶m h¡ &' ~‹S>o
AmZ§X Ho$ gmW ‘OXÿam| Zo ‘wham| go ^ao K‹S>o
ñdamÁ¶ H$m S>§H$m ~Om : MwZo hþE ‘mdbm| {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ gm‘Zo aI {XE & {H$gr Zo
H$m Xb boH$a {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mZX H$s KmQ>r ‘| ^r ‘wham| H$mo hmW Zht bJm¶m & dh ñdamÁ¶
CVao & g^r ‘mdbm| Ho$ gmW qgh Ho$ gmhg H$m YZ Wm & CÝhm|Zo Cgo AnZo ñdm‘r Ho$ gwnwX©
VWm {haZ H$s J{V go do VmoaUm {H$bo na {H$¶m & ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ H$m¶© Ho$ {bE AMmZH$
M‹T> JE & ‘mdbm| Zo erK« hr g^r ‘w»¶ BVZm YZ {‘b OmZo go {edmOr ‘hmamO CËgmh
ñWmZ AnZo A{YH$ma ‘| H$a {bE & VmZmOr go ^a CR>o & CÝhm|Zo ¶hr gmoMm {H$ CZHo$ H$m¶©
‘mbwgao Zm‘H$ dra Zo X²dma na ‘amR>m| H$m H$mo ‘mVm ^dmZr H$m Amerdm©X h¡ &
P§S>m amon {X¶m & ¶ogmOr H§$H$ {edmOr ‘hmamO
H$m {dídgZr` Am¡a {ZîR>mdmZ gh`moJr ¶h YZ ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ H$m‘ Am¶m & Bg YZ
Wm & CgZo Mm¡H$s na nham {~R>m¶m & {H$bm H$ãOo ‘| go {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo eñÌ IarXo & ~mê$X
Am J¶m & g~Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s O¶O¶H$ma BH$Q²>R>m H$s & eof YZ go CÝhm|Zo EH$ ¶moOZm
nyar H$aZo H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m & dh ¶moOZm Wr -

26

VmoaUm {H$bo go n§Ðh {H$bmo‘rQ>a Xÿa nyd© {Xem ‘| H$maImZo Am¡a qghmgZ V¡¶ma hþE & ñdamÁ¶
‘wé§~Xod H$m nhm‹S> h¡ & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo Cgo H$s nhbr amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| "amOJ‹T>'
Om±M-naIH$a aIm Wm & ¶h nhm‹S> ~hþV D±$Mm, gwemo{^V hþAm &
XþJ©‘ VWm Cn¶w³V ñWmZ na Wm & Am{Xbemh
Zo Bg nhm‹S> na EH$ {H$bm AYyam ~ZmH$a N>mo‹S> ñdamÁ¶ H$m àgma : {edmOr ‘hmamO
{X¶m Wm & Bg {H$bo na ^r Mm¡H$g nham Zht H$m A{^¶mZ àma§^ hþAm & CÝhm|Zo ~mah ‘mdbm|
Wm & V~ {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {ZíM¶ {H$¶m {H$ Ho$ g^r {H$bo EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ OrV {bE &
ñdamÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr Ho$ {bE Bg {H$bo H$mo ~mah ‘mdb Ho$ Jm±dm| ‘| AmZ§X Am¡a CËgmh
AnZo A{YH$ma ‘| H$a boZm Mm{hE & H$s ~m‹T> Am JB© & Jm±d-Jm±d go nm{Q>b Ed§
Xoe‘wI {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo Cnhma XoZo Ho$
ñdamÁ¶ H$s nhbr amOYmZr : EH$ {XZ {bE AmZo bJo na§Vw O¡go Mmdb ‘| Hw$N> H§$H$‹S>
{edmOr ‘hmamO Zo AnZo MwZo hþE gm{W¶m| Ho$ gmW hmoVo h¢ Cgr Vah BZ ‘mdbm| ‘| ^r Hw$N> XþîQ>
Bg {H$bo na M‹T>mB© H$s Am¡a Cgo AnZo A{YH$ma bmoJ Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m CËH$f© XoIH$a
‘| H$a {b¶m & VmoaUm {H$bo na nm¶m hþAm Hw$N> CÝh| B©î¶m© hmoZo bJr & {eadb Ho$ Am{Xbemhr
YZ ‘wé§~Xod H$s ‘aå‘V ‘| IM© hþAm & {edmOr WmZoXma Ho$ nmg {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ {déX²Y
‘hmamO Zo Bg {H$bo H$m Zm‘ "amOJ‹T>' aIm & {eH$m¶V| H$s JBª & WmZoXma Zo ~rOmnwa H$mo
J‹T> na H$marJam| Zo nËWa Vameo & bwhmam| Zo ^Q²>R>r gm±‹S>Zrgdma ^oOm Am¡a {edmOr ‘hmamO
’y±$H$s & ~‹T>B©, {‘ñÌr, ‘OXÿa, {^íVr O¡go bmoJ H$s BZ ~‹T>Vr J{V{d{Y`m| go Am{Xbemh H$mo
H$m‘ ‘| OwQ> JE & amO‘hb, ~mah ‘hb, AR>mah AdJV H$am¶m &

amOJ‹T> - nmbr XadmOm
27

{edmOr ‘hmamO H$m MmVw¶© : ^am CËVa {^Odm`m, "OmJra H$m H$m‘H$mO
BZ ~‹T>Vr J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘|> gwZH$a R>rH$ go Mbo Bg{bE h‘Zo ¶h {H$bm {b`m
Am{Xbemh M{H$V hmo J¶m & CgZo ehmOramOo h¡ & Bg‘| Am{Xbemhr H$s ^bmB© hr h¡ & Bg‘|
go ñnîQ>rH$aU ‘m±Jm & ehmOramOo Ag‘§Og H$moB© Xÿgam CX²Xoí¶ Zht h¡ &'
‘| n‹S> JE bo{H$Z CÝhm|Zo {H$gr Vah pñW{V
H$mo g§^mbm Am¡a Am{Xbemh H$mo g§Xoe H$m|T>mUm Am¡a nwa§Xa ¶o XmoZm| ~‹S>o ‘hËËdnyU©
^oOm & "OmJra H$s ajm Ho$ {bE AnZo nmg EH$ ^r {H$bo Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ~‹S>r ¶wp³V go
{H$bm Zht h¡; Bg{bE {edmOr Zo ¶h {H$bm {b¶m BÝh| AnZo A{YH$ma ‘| H$a {b¶m & BgHo$ ~mX
hmoJm &' {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ^r Am{Xbemh Ho$ CÝhm|Zo amo{h‹S>m {H$bo na ^r A{YH$ma {H$¶m &
nmg AnZm XÿV ^oOm Am¡a CgHo$ hmWm| `h MVwamB© ñdamÁ¶ H$m {dñVma Omoam| go àma§^ hmo J¶m &

ñdmÜ`m`

1. H$moîR>H$ ‘| go C{MV {dH$ën MwZH$a [a³V (Am) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo VmoaUm {H$bo na {H$Z
ñWmZ H$s ny{V© H$amo … A{YH$m[a¶m| H$mo {Z¶w³V {H$¶m ?
(A) {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo nwUo, gwno, MmH$U
Am¡a ........ àm§Vm| H$s OmJra {‘br Wr & (B) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo Am{Xbemh H$mo ³¶m
(B§Xmnwa, gmgd‹S>, doëho) CËVa ^oOm ?
(Am) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ........ {H$bm OrVH$a
ñdamÁ¶ H$m Vmao U ~mY± Zo H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m & 3. H$maU ~VmAmo …
(A) ñdamÁ¶ H$m VmoaU ~m±YZo Ho$ {bE {edmOr
(qghJ‹>T>, {edZoar, VmoaUm) ‘hmamO Zo VmoaUm {H$bo H$mo MwZm &
(B) ñdamÁ¶ H$s nhbr amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| (Am) VmoaUm {H$bo ‘| àmßV ‘wham| Ho$ K‹S>o ‘OXÿam|
Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo bmH$a {XE &
........ gwemo{^V hþAm &
CnH«$_
(amOJ‹T>, am`J‹T>, àVmnJ‹T>) {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go AnZo n[aga Ho$ {H$bo H$s
2. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘| g¡a H$m Am¶moOZ H$amo &

{bImo …
(A) ‘hmamîQ´> ‘| H$m¡Z-gr Mma gËVmE± emgZ

H$a ahr Wt ?

28

8. Am§V[aH$ eÌwAm| na {Z¶§ÌU

YmH$ O‘mB© : {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ Mmam| {H$¶m & CZH$m Zm‘ Mmam| Amao JO±y Zo bJm & {edmOr
Amoa ~mah ‘mdb Ho$ ‘mdbo BH$Q²>R>o hþE & {edmOr ‘hmamO àOm H$o amOm ~Z JE qH$Vw ¶h ~mV H$w N>
‘hmamO Omo H$hVo; do dhr H$aVo & do Eogm ‘mZVo bmJo m| H$s AmI± m| ‘| IQ>H$Vr Wr & Omdbr H$o ‘mao o
Wo, "OrZm h¡ Vmo ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ {bE Am¡a ‘aZm h¡ Ego o bmJo m| ‘| go EH$ Wo & ‘mao o Omdbr H$o OmJraXma
Vmo ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ {bE &' do grYo-gmXo ‘amR>m Wo & Wo & CZH$s OmJra am¶JT‹ > go H$m¶o Zm KmQ>r VH$
{edmOr ‘hmamO CÝh| àmU{චWo na§Vw Eogo ^r Wr & do ~rOmnaw H$o Am{Xbemh H$o OmJraXma Wo &
Hw$N> bmoJ Wo; {OÝh| {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ H$m¶© Am{Xbemh Zo CÝh| "MЧ amd' H$s Cnm{Y Xr Wr &
go B©î¶m© hmoVr Wr & Eogo bmoJm| na {Z¶§ÌU aIZm Omdbr ‘$| ~S‹ >o KZo OJ§ b Wo & dhm± {XZ ‘| ^r g¶y ©
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$o {bE Amdí¶H$ hmo J¶m Wm & H$s {H$aUm| H$m àdeo Zht hmVo m Wm & Cg‘| ~mK,
^{o S‹ >¶,o ^mby Am{X OJ§ br OmZda ahVo Wo & ‘mao o
I§S>moOr Am¡a ~mOr Kmoan‹S>o Zm‘H$ ‘amR>m H$s Omdbr ‘Vb~ ~mK H$m Omb hr Wr & Bg
gaXma Am{Xbemh H$s Zm¡H$ar ‘| Wo & Am{Xbemh H$maU H$mBo © ^r ‘mao o H$mo N>S‹o >Zo H$s {hå‘V Zht H$aVm
Zo CÝh| {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ {déX²Y ^‹S>H$m¶m & Wm b{o H$Z ¶h gmhg dra {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo
H$m|T>mUm àXoe ‘| CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>r AamOH$Vm ’¡$bm H$a {XIm¶m &
Xr Wr & ‘Ja {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo CZH$s Xmb Z
JbZo Xr & CÝhm|Zo CÝh| dhm± go ‘ma ^Jm¶m & H$maU ¶h Wm B©.g. 1645 ‘| Xm¡bVamd ‘moao
H$m Xohm§V hmo J¶m & AV… CZHo$ CËVam{YH$m[a¶m|
’$bQ>U Ho$ ~OmOr ZmB©H$-qZ~mbH$a ‘| PJ‹S>o ewê$ hmo JE & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo
{edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ gmbo Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO ¶ed§Vamd ‘moao H$s ghm¶Vm H$s & CZH$s
H$mo CZHo$ {déX²Y b‹S>Zm n‹S>m {’$a ^r qZ~mbH$a ghm¶Vm go ¶ed§Vamd ‘moao Omdbr H$s JX²Xr na
KamZo Ho$ Aݶ ì¶p³V {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ gmW M§Ðamd Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~¡R>o & Cg g‘¶ ¶ed§Vamd
aho & Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo ZOamZm XoZm ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m & CZHo$ H$m¶© ‘| ghm¶Vm XoZm ^r ñdrH$ma
{edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ gwno naJZm ‘| CZH$m {H$¶m na§Vw JX²Xr na ~¡R>Vo hr dh g~ Hw$N> ^yb
EH$ [aíVoXma g§^mOr ‘mo{hVo Wm & CgZo ^r J¶m & H$m¡Z {edmOr ‘hmamO Am¡a H¡$gm dmXm !
{edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ {damoY ‘| H$madmB¶m± ewê$ dh CnojmnyU© go ì¶dhma H$aZo bJm & ñdamÁ¶
H$s & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo gwno naJZm ‘| OmH$a Ho$ àXoem| na AmH«$‘U H$aZm, àOm H$mo H$îQ>
Cgo ~§Xr ~Zm {b¶m Am¡a Cgo H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ ‘| XoZm Am{X {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s haH$V| ¶ed§Vamd
^oO {X¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$V©ì¶ Ho$ AmJo H$aZo bJm & {edmOr ‘hmamO OmZ JE {H$ ¶{X
[aíVm|-ZmVm| H$mo Zht ‘mZVo Wo & Bgr g‘¶ ‘moao H$mo ghr amñVo na Z bm`m J¶m

Omdbr Ho$ M§Ðamd _moao : {edmOr ‘hmamO
H$o H$m¶© H$s ‘hmZVm H$mo g^r ‘mdbm| Zo ñdrH$ma

29

Vmo ñdamÁ¶ H$mo j{V nhþ±MoJr & H$aZo H$o {bE Mbo AmAmo & BVZo na ^r ¶{X
JXX² mar H$amJo o Vmo ‘mao OmAmJo o &'
{dÐmoh H$aZo na ‘mao OmAmoJo : {edmOr Omdbr Ho$ Mmam| Amoa KZm O§Jb Wm & am¶ar
‘hmamO Zo ¶ed§Vamd H$mo nhbo EH$ H$R>moa nÌ H$m {H$bm OrVZm H${R>Z Wm & ‘moao Ho$ nmg
{bIm, "Amn ñd¶§ H$mo amOm H$hbdmVo h¢ & AmX‘r ^r ~hþV Wo & Omdbr OrVZm gab Z
amOm Vmo h‘ h¢ & ^JdmZ e§H$a Zo h‘| amÁ¶ Wm & nyar V¡¶mar Ho$ gmW {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo
{X¶m h¡ & Bg{bE Amn AnZo-AmnH$mo amOm Z Omdbr na AmH«$‘U {H$¶m & bJ^J EH$ ‘hrZo
H$hbdmE± &' VH$ ¶ed§Vamd b‹S>Vm ahm bo{H$Z CgHo$ ~hþV-
go g¡{ZH$ ‘mao JE & A§V ‘| dh AnZo ~oQ>m| H$mo
¶ed§Vamd ‘moao Zo CX²X§S>Vm go CËVa {X¶m, boH$a am¶ar Ho$ {H$bo ‘| ^mJ J¶m & {edmOr
"Amn H$b amOm ~Zo h¢ & AmnH$mo amÁ¶ {H$gZo ‘hmamO Zo Omdbr H$mo OrV {b¶m Am¡a am¶ar
{X¶m  ?   Omdbr AmAmoJo Vmo CbPZ ‘| ’±$g H$s Amoa ~‹T>o & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo am¶ar Ho$
OmAmoJo & h‘| B©ída H$s H¥$nm go Am{Xbemh {H$bo H$mo Koa {b¶m & ¶ed§Vamd VrZ ‘hrZo VH$
Zo amOm H$s Cnm{Y, N>Ì-Mm‘a Am¡a qghmgZ nyar ep³V Ho$ gmW b‹S>Vm ahm na§Vw A§V ‘| Cgo
‘oha~mZ hmoH$a {X¶m h¡ & ¶{X Amn ¶hm± AmE±Jo AmË‘g‘n©U H$aZm n‹S>m &
Vmo n[aUm‘ ~wam hmoJm &' am¶J‹T> {H$bm : Omdbr H$s {dO¶ ~‹S>r
‘hËËdnyU© Wr & Bggo {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$
{edmOr ‘hmamO Zo Cgo MVo mdZr Xr, "Omdbr
N>mS‹o >H$a, amOm H$s Cnm{Y Ama¡ N>Ì-Mm‘a ’$| H$H$a,
ê$‘mb go hmW ~mY± H$a {‘bZo Ama¡ h‘mar gdo m

am¶J‹T>
30

ñdamÁ¶ H$m {dñVma nhbo go XþJwZm hmo J¶m & àgÝZ hþE & CÝhm|Zo Bg {H$bo H$m Zm‘ "am¶J‹T>'
¶ed§Vamd H$s goZm ^r {edmOr ‘hmamO go AmH$a aIm & CgHo$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo nmgdmbr ^moa߶m
{‘b JB© & am¶ar H$m {demb {H$bm ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ nhm‹S>r na EH$ Z¶m {H$bm ~Zdm¶m & CgH$m Zm‘
A§VJ©V Am J¶m & Bggo {edmOr ‘hmamO ~hþV aIm "àVmnJ‹>T>' &

ñdmÜ`m`

1. JbV Omo‹S>r nhMmZmo … 3. Xmo-VrZ dm³¶m| ‘| CËVa {bImo …
(A) Omdbr Ho$ ‘moao H$mo N>o‹S>Zo H$s {hå‘V H$moB©
(A) \$bQ>U - qZ~mbH$a ³¶m| Zht H$a nmVm Wm ?
(Am) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ¶ed§Vamd ‘moao H$mo
(Am) Omdbr - _moao H$m¡Z-gm H$R>moa nÌ ^oOm ?

(B) gwno - OmYd CnH«$_
(A) am¶J‹T> Ho$ {MÌm| H$m g§J«h H$amo &
2. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘| (Am) {Xdmbr H$s Nw>Q²>{Q>¶m| ‘| AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW
am¶J‹T> H$s à{VH¥${V V¡¶ma H$amo &
{bImo …

(A) Omdbr Ho$ ‘moao H$mo Am{Xbemh Zo H$m¡Z-gr

Cnm{Y Xr Wr ?

(Am) Omdbr H$s {dO¶ ‘hËËdnyU© ³¶m| Wr ?

31

9. àVmnJ‹T> na namH«$‘

Am{Xbemhr Xhb CR>r : ~rOmnwa Ho$ Hw$eb Wm & Cgr A’$Ob ImZ Zo ^ao Xa~ma
Xa~ma H$s ~mV h¡ & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo Or{dV nH$‹S>H$a AWdm
J{V{d{Y¶m| H$mo XoIH$a Am{Xbemh Ho$ Xa~ma ‘maH$a bmZo H$s à{Vkm H$s & gmam Xa~ma Iwe
‘| qMVm ’¡$b JB© & g^r gaXma Xa~ma ‘| BH$Q²>R>o hþAm & CnpñWV g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo Eogm bJm,
hþE & EH$ go ~‹T>H$a EH$ namH«$‘r Vbdma~mO "{edmOr ^mogbo A~ ³¶m qOXm ~MoJm ? Wmo‹S>o
gaXma Xa~ma ‘| CnpñWV Wo & Am{Xbemhr H$m hr {XZm| ‘| dh ~§Xr AdñWm ‘| ~rOmnwa Ho$ Xa~ma
àemgZ MbmZo dmbr ~‹S>r ~oJ‘ ñd¶§ CnpñWV ‘| hm{Oa hmoJm ¶m CgH$m {ga Xa~ma ‘| noe
Wr & Xa~ma Ho$ gm‘Zo ~‹S>r J§^ra g‘ñ¶m CnpñWV {H$¶m OmEJm &'
hBþ © Wr - "{edmOr H$mo H$¡ go nam{OV H$a| ?'
A’$Ob ImZ ~‹S>r AH$‹S> Am¡a emZ go
~‹S>r ~oJ‘ Zo Xa~ma Ho$ gaXmam| go grYm ~rOmnwa go Mb n‹S>m & CgZo AnZo gmW {demb
àíZ {H$¶m, ""~mo{bE, {edmOr H$m ~§Xmo~ñV goZm Am¡a ¶wX²Y gm‘J«r br Wr & BgHo$ nyd© dh
H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Z V¡¶ma h¡ ?'' bJmVma ~mah dfm] VH$ dmB© àm§V H$m gy~oXma
ah MwH$m Wm & Bg H$maU Cgo Cg àXoe H$s nyar
Xa~ma ‘| gÝZmQ>m N>m J¶m & g^r AnZo- OmZH$mar Wr & ~‹S>o K‘§S> go dh ‘hmamîQ´> H$s
AnZo ñWmZ na Mwn ~¡R>o Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO Amoa ~‹T>Zo bJm &
H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo H$m gmhg H$m¡Z H$aVm ! g^r
EH$-Xÿgao H$s Amoa XoIZo bJo & Cgr g‘¶ ñdamÁ¶ na g§H$Q> : Cg g‘¶ {edmOr
EH$ ^r‘H$m¶ gaXma PwH$H$a gbm‘ H$aVm hþAm ‘hmamO amOJ‹T> ‘| Wo & "A’$Ob ImZ Am ahm h¡',
AmJo ~‹T>m & CgH$m Zm‘ Wm A’$Ob ImZ &> ¶h gyMZm CÝh| {‘br & do g‘P JE {H$ ñdamÁ¶
na ~‹S>m g§H$Q> Am ahm h¡ & ‘Ja do S>J‘JmE
ImZ Zo ~r‹S>m CR>m¶m : Wmb ‘| aIm hþAm Zht & CÝhm|Zo gmoMm {H$ A’$Ob ImZ ~‹S>m YyV©
~rS‹ >m CR>mVo hEþ A’$Ob ImZ Zo H$hm, ""{edmOr ! h¡ & CgH$s goZm {demb h¡ & AnZm amÁ¶
H$hm± H$m {edmOr ? `m Vmo Cgo Or{dV nH$‹S>H$a N>moQ>m h¡ Am¡a AnZr goZm ^r H$‘ h¡ & Iwbo
‘¢ ¶hm± bmVm hÿ± AÝ`Wm Cgo ‘maH$a ~rOmnwa bo ‘¡XmZ ‘| ImZ Ho$ gm‘Zo {Q>H$ nmZm H${R>Z
hr AmD±$Jm &'' h¡ & AV… {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {ZíM¶
{H$¶m {H$ CgH$m gm‘Zm ¶wp³V go H$aZm
A’$Ob ImZ ~rOmnwa H$m {d»¶mV gaXma Mm{hE & do {OOm‘mVm go {dMma-{d_e© H$aHo$
Wm & dh ~hþV ep³Vembr Wm & bmoho H$s N>‹S> Am¡a CZH$m Amerdm©X boH$a amOJ‹T> go {ZH$bo
H$mo hmW go ‘mo‹S> XoVm Wm & AÀN>o-~wao {H$gr Am¡a àVmnJ‹T> H$s Amoa Mb n‹S>o &
^r T>§J go AnZm H$m‘ H$aZo ‘| dh A˶§V

32

A\$Ob ImZ Ho$ Xm±d-n|M : {edmOr N>mo‹S>m hr Zht & V~ ImZ Zo Xÿgar Mmb
‘hmamO Ho$ àVmnJ‹T> nhþ±MZo H$s I~a gwZH$a ImZ Mbr & ß`ma H$m ZmQ>H$ H$aHo$ CgZo {edmOr
H«$mo{YV hþAm & dh OmZVm Wm {H$ àVmnJ‹T> na ‘hmamO H$mo ¶h g§Xoe ^oOm, ""Amn ‘oao ~oQ>o Ho$
AmH«$‘U H$aZm gab Zht h¡ ³¶m|{H$ dh g‘mZ h¢ & h‘go {‘bZo AmBE & h‘mao {H$bo
{H$bm nhm‹S>m| Ho$ ‘ܶ ‘| Wm & Mmam| Amoa dmng H$a Xmo & Am{Xbemh go H$hH$a ‘¢ AmnH$mo
KZo O§Jb Wo, amñVo ‘| D±$Mo-D±$Mo nhm‹S> gaXma H$m nX {XbmD±$Jm &''
Wo & goZm H$mo OmZo Ho$ {bE AÀN>m amñVm Zht
Wm & Vmon| M‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE H$moB© ‘mJ© Z Wm & goa H$mo gdm goa : {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo
BgHo$ Abmdm> dhm± O§Jbr OmZdam| H$s ^a‘ma OmZ {b¶m {H$ A’$Ob ImZ CZHo$ gmW fS>¶§Ì
Wr & H$a ahm h¡ & do gVH©$Vmnyd©H$ ì¶dhma H$a aho
Wo & CÝhm|Zo ImZ H$mo hr àVmnJ‹T> H$s VbhQ>r
{edmOr ‘hmamO àVmnJ‹T> go CVaH$a ZrMo VH$ bmZo H$m {ZíM` {H$¶m Am¡a g§Xoe ^oOm,
Am OmE± Bg{bE A’$Ob ImZ Zo Xm±d-n|M ""ImZgmh~, ‘¢Zo AmnHo$ {H$bo {bE h¢ & ‘¢
IobZm ewê$ H$a {X¶m & CgZo VwbOmnwa, n§T>anwa AnamYr hÿ± & ‘wPo j‘m H$a| & Amn hr àVmnJ‹T>
Am{X Xod ñWmZm| H$mo j{V nhþ±MmB© & àOm H$mo Ho$ ZrMo {‘bZo Ho$ {bE Am OmBE & ‘wPo dhm±
~hþV H$îQ> {XE & CgH$m ¶h AZw‘mZ Wm {H$ AmZo ‘| S>a bJVm h¡ &''
¶h g~ gwZH$a {edmOr ‘hmamO àVmnJ‹T> N>mo‹S>
X|Jo Am¡a ~mha Am OmE±Jo & {edmOr ‘hmamO {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m g§Xoe gwZH$a A’$Ob
ImZ Ho$ Xm±d-n|M g‘P JE & CÝhm|Zo àVmnJ‹T> ImZ h±gm & AnZr Xm‹T>r H$mo ghbmVo hþE
dh ~mobm, ""Iy~ ! ~hVþ I~y &'' Cgo bJm

àVmnJ‹T>
33

~KZIm

H$Q>ma {eañÌmU
H$dM

nQ²>Q>m

{H$ A’$Ob ImZ H$o gm‘Zo {edmOr H$s ³¶m nhZZr ewê$ H$s & n¡am| ‘| gbdma M‹T>mB©, eara
‘Omb ! dh S>anmHo $ ‘ao o gmW ³¶m bS‹ >Jo m ? na H$dM nhZm & Cgna Oar H$m Hw$Vm© Am¡a
‘¢ IwX OmD±$Jm Am¡a {‘bVo hr Cgo Hw$MbH$a Om{H$Q> nhZr & {ga na {eañÌmU nhZm & Cgna
‘ma S>mby±Jm & ~g, àVmnJ‹T> Ho$ ZrMo {edmOr ’o$Q>m ~m±Ym & ~mE± hmW H$s C±J{b¶m| ‘| ~KZIm
‘hmamO go {‘bZo Ho$ {bE ImZ V¡¶ma hmo J¶m &> M‹T>mE & Cgr hmW H$s AmñVrZ ‘| H$Q>ma
{N>nmB© & AnZo gmW nQ²>Q>m (nQ>m) {b¶m & Bg
^|Q> {ZpíMV hþB© : àVmnJ‹T> H$s VbhQ>r ‘| àH$ma {edmOr ‘hmamO ImZ go {_bZo Ho$ {bE
{‘bZo H$s OJh {ZpíMV hþB© & {XZ, g‘¶ V¡¶ma hþE &>
g~ {ZpíMV hmo J¶m & V` hþAm {H$ ^|Q> Ho$
g‘¶ XmoZm| AnZo gmW EH$-EH$ godH$ aI|Jo gaXma bmoJ ~mha I‹S>o Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO
Am¡a XmoZm| Ho$ Xg-Xg A§JajH$ Hw$N> Xÿar na Zo CZgo H$hm, ""gm{W¶mo, AnZo-AnZo H$m‘ R>rH$
I‹S>o ah|Jo & ImZ H$o {bE ‘hmamO Zo AÀN>m Vah go H$aZm & ^dmZr ‘mVm h‘| ¶e XoZo dmbr
amñVm ~Zdm`m & {‘bZo Ho$ {bE EH$ emZXma h¢ na§Vw ¶{X h‘mam Hw$N> A{hV hþAm Vmo Amn
em{‘¶mZm V¡¶ma H$adm¶m & YraO ‘V ImoZm & g§^mOramOm H$mo JX²Xr na
{~R>mZm & ‘m±gmho~ H$s Amkm ‘mZZm & ñdamÁ¶
{edmOr ‘hmamO ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go H$m‘ bo aho H$mo ~‹T>mZm & àOm H$mo gwIr aIZm & h‘ Om aho
Wo & CÝhm|Zo AnZr goZm H$s AbJ-AbJ Qw>H${‹S>¶m± h¢ &>'' {edmOr ‘hmamO Mb n‹S>o & CZHo$ gmW
~ZmBª & O§Jb ‘| H$m¡Z-H$hm± {N>nH$a ~¡R>oJm Am¡a dH$sb n§VmOr JmonrZmW Am¡a {OdmOr ‘hmbm,
³¶m H$aoJm, Bg ~mao ‘| CÝhm|Zo g~H$mo gyMZmE± g§^mOr H$mdOr, ¶ogmOr H§$H$, H¥$îUmOr
Xt & n³H$m ~§Xmo~ñV {H$¶m & Hw$N> gbmhH$mam| Zo Jm`H$dmS>, {gX²Xr B~«m{h‘ Am{X Xg A§JajH$
H$hm {H$ ImZ YyV© h¡ & {edmOr ‘hmamO Cggo Wo &
{_bZo Ho$ {bE Z OmE± qH$Vw {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo
ImZ go {‘bZo H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO go nhbo hr ImZ em{‘¶mZo
‘| AmH$a ~¡R> J¶m Wm & dh Vah-Vah H$s
{‘bZo H$s V¡¶mar : {‘bZo H$m {XZ Am H$ënZmE± H$a ahm Wm & CgH$s ~Jb ‘| ~‹S>m
J¶m & àmV…g_` {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo Xodr ^dmZr gæ¶X Zm‘ H$m CgH$m h{W¶ma~§X EH$ {gnmhr
Ho$ Xe©Z {H$E & Wmo‹S>r Xoa Ho$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo nmoemH$

34

{edmOr ‘hmamO Am¡a A’$Ob ImZ H$s ^|Q>

I‹S>m Wm & dh nQ²>Q>m MbmZo ‘| ~hþV {ZnwU dma {H$¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo nhZm hþAm
Wm & {edmOr ‘hmamO em{‘¶mZo Ho$ X²dma na A§JaIm ’$Q> J¶m & Hw$V} Ho$ A§Xa H$dM hmoZo
AmE & ~‹S>m gæ¶X H$mo XoIVo hr do dht na I‹S>o go {edmOr ‘hmamO ~M JE & do ImZ H$s
hmo JE & ImZ Zo ‘hmamO Ho$ dH$sb go nyN>m, Mmb g‘P JE & ~‹S>r \w$Vu go CÝhm|Zo ImZ
""{edmOr amOo A§Xa ³¶m| Zht Am aho h¢ ?'' Ho$ noQ> na ~KZIm| go dma {H$E & ~mE± hmW
H$s AmñVrZ ‘| {N>nr H$Q>ma Xm{hZo hmW go
dH$sb Zo H$hm, ""do ~‹S>m gæ¶X go S>a aho h¢ & {ZH$mbH$a Cgo Omoa go ImZ Ho$ noQ> ‘| Kwgo‹S>
Cgo Amn Xÿa hQ>m Xr{OE &'' ~‹S>m gæ¶X dhm± go hQ> Xr & ImZ H$s Am±V ~mha {ZH$b AmB© & dh
J¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO A§Xa JE & ImZ CR>H$a Yamem¶r hmo J¶m & BVZo ‘| ImZ H$m dH$sb
~mobm, ""AmBE, amOmgmh~ ! h‘go {‘{bE &'' H¥$îUmOr ^mñH$a AmJo ~‹T>m> & CgZo {edmOr
‘hmamO na Vbdma go dma {H$¶m ‘Ja {edmOr
ImZ go P‹S>n : ‘hmamO gVH©$ hmoH$a ‘hmamO Zo nQ²>Q>o Ho$ EH$ dma go hr Cgo ‘ma
AmJo ~‹T>o & ImZ Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo Jbo {Jam¶m & emoaJwb gwZH$a ~‹S>m gæ¶X S>oao ‘|
bJm¶m & b§~o-Mm¡‹S>o A’$Ob ImZ Ho$ gm‘Zo Kwgm & dh {edmOr ‘hmamO na dma H$aZo hr
‘hmamO {R>JZo-go XrI aho Wo & ‘hmamO H$m dmbm Wm {H$ VËjU {OdmOr ‘hmbm Xm¡‹S>H$a
{ga ImZ H$s N>mVr VH$ nhþ±Mm Wm & ImZ Zo Am¶m & ~‹S>m gæ¶X Ho$ dma H$mo AnZo eara na
Vwa§V {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo ‘maZo Ho$ {bE CZH$s PobH$a {OdmOr ‘hmbm Zo Cgo EH$ hr dma ‘|
JaXZ AnZr ~mBª ~Jb ‘| X~mB© Am¡a Xÿgao
hmW go {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ eara na H$Q>ma go

35

dht na ‘ma {Jam¶m & Bgr{bE AmJo MbH$a {bE amh ^r Zht {_b ahr Wr & ‘amR>m| Zo CZH$m
"Wm {Odm Bg{bE ~Mm {edm' Eogr H$hmdV hr VoOr go nrN>m {H$¶m Am¡a ImZ H$s goZm H$s
àM{bV hmo JB© & Bg P‹S>n _| g§^mOr H$mdOr YpÁO`m± C‹S>m Xr & ImZ H$m ~oQ>m \$Ob ImZ
Zo ~‹S>r draVm {XImB© & {H$gr Vah ~M {ZH$bm Am¡a ~rOmnwa nhþ±Mm &
CgH$s ~mV| gwZH$a ~rOmnwa ‘| hmhmH$ma ‘M
ImZ H$s goZm H$s XþJ©{V : {dO¶r J¶m &
{edmOr ‘hmamO J‹T> na Mbo JE & g§Ho$V Ho$
{bE Vmon XmJr JB© & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s goZm {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ~rOmnwa Ho$ g~go
g§Ho$V H$s hr àVrjm ‘| Wr & Vmon Ho$ XJVo hr ep³Vembr gaXma H$mo XoIVo-hr-XoIVo {‘Q²>Q>r
Pm{‹S>¶m| ‘| {N>no {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ g¡{ZH$m| Zo ‘| {‘bm {X¶m Wm & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m Zm‘
ImZ H$s goZm na Ymdm ~mob {X¶m & ImZ H$s Mmam| Amoa ’¡$b J¶m & CZHo$ namH«$‘ Ho$ JrV
goZm AgmdYmZ Wr & CgH$s goZm H$mo ^mJZo Ho$ gh²¶m{Ð H$s Km{Q>¶m| ‘| Jy±OZo bJo &

ñdmÜ`m`

1. {XE JE Ajam| Ho$ AmYma na eãX ~ZmAmo … (Am) A’$Ob ImZ go {‘bZo OmVo g‘¶ {edmOr
(A) Vm J à ‹T> n .............. ‘hmamO Zo AnZo gaXmam| go ³¶m H$hm ?
(Am) dm {e Or am O hm _ ..............
(B) Im A O Z b \$ .............. 4. H$maU ~VmAmo …
(A) {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ àVmnJ‹T> nhþ±MZo go
2. à˶oH$ àíZ H$m CËVa EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ‘| ImZ H«$mo{YV hþAm &
{bImo …
(A) A’$Ob ImZ Zo H$m¡Z-gm ~r‹S>m CR>m¶m ? (Am) ~rOmnwa ‘| hmhmH$ma ‘M J¶m &
CnH«$_
(Am) ß`ma H$m ZmQ>H$ H$aH$o A’$Ob ImZ Zo
B{Vhmg Ho$ g§X^© ‘| H$hmdVm| H$m g§H$bZ H$amo &
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo H$mZ¡ -gm gX§ eo ^Oo m ? CXm., "Wm {Odm Bg{bE ~Mm {edm'

3. Xmo-VrZ dm³¶m| ‘| CËVa {bImo …
(A) {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo A’$Ob ImZ Ho$ gmW

¶wp³V go gm‘Zm H$aZo H$m {ZíM¶ ³¶m|

{H$¶m ?

36

10. Xa} ‘| K‘mgmZ ¶wX²Y

nÝhmbm OrVm Am¡a Am{Xbemh H$m H«$moY : eaU ‘| Am aho h¢ ! do ImZo-nrZo, JmZo-~OmZo
A’$Ob ImZ H$s h˶m go ~rOmnwa ‘| Ib~br ‘M Am¡a hþ³H$m-nmZr ‘| ‘½Z hmo JE &
JB© & CgHo$ ~mX Vwa§V hr {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo
nÝhmbJ‹T> Omo ~rOmnwa Ho$ A{YH$ma ‘| Wm, OrV {edmOr ‘hmamO Koao go ~mha : {edmOr
{b¶m & Bggo Am{Xbemh ~‹S>m H«$mo{YV hþAm & ‘hmamO Zo Koao go ~mha {ZH$bZo Ho$ {bE EH$
Cgo ImZm-nrZm AÀN>m Zht bJ ahm Wm & ¶wp³V gmoMr & ¶moOZm Bg àH$ma Wr - CÝhm|Zo
{edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo nam{OV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Xmo S>mo{b¶m± V¡¶ma H$admBª & EH$ S>mobr ‘|
CgZo {gXX² r Omh¡ a Zm‘H$ gaXma H$mo ^Oo m & ~¡R>H$a {edmOr ‘hmamO XþJ©‘ amñVo go ~mha
{gX²Xr Om¡ha ~hþV ~‹S>r goZm boH$a Mb {ZH$b|Jo Am¡a Xÿgar ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m
n‹S>m & ’$Ob ImZ ^r {nVm H$s h˶m H$m ~Xbm ñdm±J ^aZodmbm EH$ AmX‘r ~¡R>H$a ‘hmX²dma
boZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$ gmW {ZH$b n‹S>m & Ho$ N>moQ>o XadmOo go ~mha {ZH$boJm & ¶h Xÿgar
S>mobr eÌw goZm H$mo ghO {XImB© XoJr Bg{bE
nÝhmbJ‹T> H$mo Koa {b¶m : {gX²>Xr Om¡ha dh nH$‹S>r OmEJr Am¡a eÌw ¶h g‘PH$a Iwer
eya-dra na H«y$a ^r Wm & CgH$m AZwemgZ go Py‘ CR>|Jo {H$ {edmOr ‘hmamO hr nH$‹S>o JE
H$R>moa Wm & CgZo nÝhmbJ‹T> H$mo Mmam| Amoa go h¢ & Bg ~rM {edmOr ‘hmamO XþJ©‘ amñVo go
Koa {b¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo J‹T> ‘| ~§Xr ~mha {IgH$ OmE±Jo bo{H$Z {edmOr ‘hmamO
~Zm¶m & ~agmV Ho$ {XZ {ZH$Q> Am JE Wo & {edmOr H$m ñdm±J ^aoJm H$m¡Z ? Eogm ñdm±J ^aZm ‘m¡V
‘hmamO Zo gmoMm {H$ dfm© Ama§^ hmoVo hr {gX²Xr Ho$ ‘w±h ‘| OmZm Wm bo{H$Z EH$ ~hmXþa OdmZ
Om¡ha Koam CR>m boJm na§Vw ~agmV àma§^ hmoVo hr V¡¶ma hmo J¶m & XrIZo ‘| dh {edmOr ‘hmamO
CgZo Koam A{YH$ H$‹S>m H$a {X¶m & {H$bo ‘| Omo O¡gm Wm Am¡a CgH$m Zm‘ ^r {edmOr hr
YZ-Ymݶ Wm; dh g‘mßV hmoZo bJm & A~ ³¶m Wm & dh {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s godm ‘| Ho$e^yfm
H$a| ? ¶h ep³V H$m H$m‘ Zht h¡ ! V~ {edmOr H$aZodmbm godH$ Wm & dh ~‹S>m gmhgr Am¡a
‘hmamO Zo ¶wp³V go Nw>Q>H$mam nmZo H$m {ZíM¶ MVwa Wm &
{H$¶m & CÝhm|Zo {gX²Xr Om¡ha Ho$ nmg g§Xoe ^oOm
{H$ "erK« hr {H$bm AmnHo$ AYrZ H$aVm hÿ± &' ñdm±J ^ao hþE {edmOr H$s S>mobr N>moQ>o
dh àgÝZ hþAm & CgZo Bg ~mV H$mo ñdrH$ma XadmOo go ~mha {ZH$b JB© & amV H$m g‘¶
H$a {b¶m & Wm & ‘ygbmYma ~m[ae hmo ahr Wr {’$a ^r
eÌwAm| H$s goZm nham Xo ahr Wr & CÝhm|Zo Cg
Koao go {gX²Xr H$s goZm V§J Am JB© Wr & ¶h S>mobr H$mo nH$‹S> {b¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo
gwZH$a g¡{ZH$ Iwe hmo JE {H$ {edmOr ‘hmamO hr nH$‹S> {b¶m; ¶h ‘mZH$a do Cg S>mobr H$mo

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{gX²Xr Om¡ha H$s N>mdZr ‘| bo JE & dhm± g^r Wm & {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m OrdZ IVao ‘| Wm &
àgÝZVm go ZmMZo-JmZo bJo & Bgr ~rM {edmOr g§nyU© ñdamÁ¶ IVao ‘| Wm & ~mOrà^w Zo AYra
‘hmamO XþJ©‘ amñVo X²dmam J‹T> go ~mha {ZH$b hmoH$a {edmOr ‘hmamO go H$hm, ""‘hmamO,
JE & gmW ‘| ~mOrà^w Xoenm§S>o Am¡a CZHo$ Amn Hw$N> g¡{ZH$m| Ho$ gmW {dembJ‹T> H$s Amoa
{JZo-MwZo g¡{ZH$ Wo & CÝht Ho$ gmW ~m§Xb M{bE & ~Mo hþE g¡{ZH$m| Ho$ gmW ‘¢ Xa} Ho$ ‘w±h na
Xoe‘wI H$s goZm Wr & BYa Hw$N> hr g‘¶ I‹S>m ahVm hÿ± & ‘hmamO, ‘¢ ‘a OmD±$Jm na
‘| Cg {edmOr H$m ZH$br ê$n gm‘Zo Am eÌw H$mo Xam© nma H$aZo Z Xÿ±Jm & EH$ "~mOr'
J¶m & V~ Jwñgo ‘| AmH$a {gX²Xr Zo Cgo Vwa§V J¶m Vmo AmnH$mo Xÿgam {‘boJm bo{H$Z ñdamÁ¶
‘ma S>mbm & {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ {bE, ñdamÁ¶ H$mo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s Oê$aV h¡ & eÌwAm|
Ho$ {bE Bg {edmOr Zo AmË‘~{bXmZ {X¶m & H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ h¡ & h‘ g§»¶m ‘| H$‘
dh A‘a hmo J¶m & h¢ & ¶hm± h‘ {Q>H$ Zht gH|$Jo & Amn ¶hm± Z
é{H$E & h‘ Xa} na S>Q>o ah|Jo & eÌw H$mo h‘ ¶ht
{edmOr ‘hmamO Am±Im| ‘| Yyb Pm|H$H$a amoH$ b|Jo & O~ VH$ Amn J‹T> na Zht nhþ±MVo
{IgH$ JE, ¶h ~mV {gX²Xr Ho$ ܶmZ ‘| AmVo h¢, V~ VH$ h‘ eÌw H$mo ¶ht amoH$ aIVo h¢ &
hr dh {Vb{‘bm CR>m & CgZo ~‹S>r VËnaVm go Amn {ZpíM¨V hmoH$a OmBE &'' ~mOrà^w H$s
AnZo gaXma {gX²Xr ‘gD$X H$mo {demb ’$m¡O Ho$ ñdm{‘^p³V XoIH$a {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m ‘Z ^a
gmW {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m nrN>m H$aZo Ho$ {bE Am¶m & ~mOrà^w O¡gm aËZ ImoZm CÝh| ñdrH$ma
^oO {X¶m & nrN>m ewê$ hþAm & {XZ {ZH$bVo hr Zht Wm qH$Vw CÝh| ñdamÁ¶ Ho$ bú¶ VH$
CÝhm|Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo nm§T>anmUr Ho$ PaZo nhM±þ Zm Wm & CÝhmZ| o AnZo ‘Z H$mo g‘Pm¶m &
Ho$ nmg nm {b¶m & {edmOr ‘hmamO CbPZ ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo ~mOrà^w H$mo ~‹S>o ߶ma go
n‹S> JE & CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>r H${R>ZmB© go Kmo‹S> Xam© nma Jbo bJm¶m Am¡a H$hm, ""h‘ J‹T> na OmVo
{H$¶m & h¢ & dhm± nhþ±MVo hr Vmonm| H$s AmdmO hmoJr {’$a
Xam© N>mo‹S>H$a Amn Vwa§V Mbo AmZm &''
~mOrà^w H$m ~m±H$nZ : PëbmE hþE {gX²Xr
Ho$ g¡{ZH$ ~‹S>r VoOr go Xa} H$s Amoa ~‹T>o Am aho ~mOrà^w Zo eÌw H$mo amoH$m : ~mOrà^w H$mo
Wo & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo gmMo m {H$ A~ {dembJT‹ > Xa} ‘| N>mo‹S>H$a {edmOr ‘hmamO {dembJ‹T> H$s
nhþ±MZm H${R>Z h¡ & CÝhm|Zo ~mOràw^ go H$hm, Amoa ~‹T>o & ~mOrà^w Zo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo
""~mOr, g‘¶ ~‹S>o g§H$Q> H$m h¡ & AmJo M‹T>mB©> PwH$H$a àUm‘ {H$¶m & {’$a CgZo AnZo hmW ‘|
h¡ & nrN>o eÌw h¡ & A~ {dembJ‹T> VH$ Vbdma br Am¡a dh Xa} Ho$ ‘w±h na Am I‹S>m
nhþ±MZm H${R>Z h¡ & Mbmo, nrN>o bm¡Q>H$a eÌw hþAm & CgZo ‘mdbm| H$s Q>mo{b¶m± ~ZmBª & CZHo$
H$m ‘wH$m~bm H$aVo h¢ &'' ~mOrà^w {edmOr ñWmZ {ZYm©[aV {H$E & ‘mdbm| Zo {JQ²>Q>r-nËWa
‘hmamO Ho$ ‘Z ‘| CËnÝZ Xþ{dYm H$mo OmZ BH$Q²>R>o {H$E Am¡a nyar V¡¶mar Ho$ gmW AnZr-
JE & eÌw {~’$aH$a Xa} H$s {Xem ‘| Am ahm

38

Kmo‹S> Xa} ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO Am¡a ~mOrà^w Xoenm§S>o
39

AnZr OJhm| na Om I‹S>o hþE & Xa} Ho$ ‘w±h na Ho$ gmW ~mOrà^w {Mëbm¶m, ""em~me, ‘ao o dra
‘mdbm| H$s ’$m¡bmXr Xrdma I‹S>r hmo JB© & Bgr {gnm{h¶mo ! Am¡a nËWa ~agmAmo & eÌw H$mo
g‘¶ eÌw Ho$ ¶wX²Y Ho$ Zmao gwZmB© n‹S>o & eÌw ‘mamo & Omoa go àhma H$amo & em~me &'' Xÿgar
Xa} Ho$ ZrMo Am J¶m Wm & ~mOrà^w Zo ‘mdbm| Qw>H$‹S>r ZîQ> hþB© &
go H$hm, ""~hmXþa g¡{ZH$mo, gmdYmZ ! àmU
^bo hr ˶mJ Xmo na AnZo-AnZo ñWmZ na S>Q>o CYa Kmo‹S>o na gdma {edmOr ‘hmamO
ahmo & eÌw Xam© nma Z H$aZo nmE &'' ~mOrà^w {dembJT‹ > H$s Amao VOo r go ~T‹ >Vo Om aho Wo & JT‹ >
Am¡a CgHo$ ‘mdbo gmWr Xa} Ho$ ‘w±h na n¡a H$s gr‘m {ZH$Q> Am ahr Wr & à˶Ho $ jU ~S‹ >m hr
O‘mH$a I‹S>o hmo JE & Xa} H$m ‘mJ© H${R>Z Am¡a ‘hËËdnUy © Wm & {dembJT‹ > Ho$ ZrMo eÌwAm| H$s Koam
Q>o‹T>m>-‘o‹T>m Wm & EH$ gmW VrZ-Mma AmX‘r ~§Xr Wr & {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo Hw$N> MwZo hþE
‘wpíH$b go D$na M‹T> gH$Vo Wo & gm{W¶m| H$o gmW eÌw na AmH$« ‘U H$a {X¶m &
eÌw g¡{ZH$m| go ‘wH$m~bm H$aVo hþE {edmOr
CYa {edmOr ‘hmamO {dembJ‹T> H$s Amoa ‘hmamO AmJo ~‹T>o & do AnZo ‘mdbm| Ho$ gmW
hdm H$s Vah ~‹T>o Om aho Wo & {dembJ‹T> H$m {H$bm eÌw Ho$ Koao H$mo Vmo‹S>H$a {dembJ‹T> H$s Amoa ~‹T>
A^r Xÿa Wm & J‹T> na nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE {edmOr aho Wo &>
‘hmamO H$mo S>o‹T>-Xmo-K§Q>o H$m g‘¶ Am¡a Mm{hE
Wm & CVZr Xoa VH$ ¶{X ~mOrà^w Xa} Ho$ ‘w±h na ~mOrà^w H$m namH$« ‘ : ¶hm± KmS‹o > Xa}
eÌw go g§Kf© H$aVm ahm Vmo {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s ‘| K‘mgmZ Mb ahm Wm & {gX²Xr ‘gD$X
{dO¶ {ZpíMV Wr &> H«w$X²Y hmo CR>m Wm & CgH$s Vrgar Qw>H$‹S>r Xam©
M‹T>Zo bJr & ‘amR>m| Zo Andy © draVm H$m n[aM¶
Xa} ‘| ¶wX²Y : Xa} ‘| K‘mgmZ ¶wX²Y ewê$ {X¶m & eÌw Zo ~mOrà^w na h‘bm {H$¶m & CgH$mo
hþAm & eÌw H$s goZm Xam© M‹T>Zo bJr & eÌw H$s Koa {b¶m & ~mOrà^w Amdoe go bS‹ >Zo bJm, CgZo
nhbr Qw>H$‹S>r Xa} ‘| AmH$a éH$ JB© & ‘mdbm| Zo AX^² Vw namH$« ‘ {XIm¶m & ~mOrà^w Ho$ eara na
eÌw na nËWam| H$s dfm© ewê$ H$s & nËWa ~agmZo ~hþV àhma hþE Wo & A§J-A§J na Kmd bJo Wo &
‘| ‘mdbo hmo{e¶ma Wo & do MVwamB© go ¶wX²Y H$aZo eara go IyZ H$s YmamE± ~hZo bJr Wt {’$a ^r
bJo & {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ ‘mdbm| Zo H$B© eÌwAm| dh AnZo ñWmZ na A{S>J ahm & CgH$m gmam eara
H$m g’$m¶m {H$¶m & H$B© g¡{ZH$m| Ho$ {ga ’y$Q> IyZ go bWnW hmo J¶m Wm & ‘Ja dh nrN>o Zht
JE & nhbr Qw>H$‹S>r nam{OV hþB© & dh nrN>o hQ>m & CgZo ‘mdbm| H$mo D±$Mr AmdmO ‘| AmXoe
hQ>r & {’$a Xÿgar Qw>H$‹S>r ~‹S>o CËgmh go Xam© M‹T>Zo {X¶m & ‘mdbm| Zo ~‹S>o Omoe Ho$ gmW eÌw na
bJr & ~mOrà^w {Mëbm CR>m, ""‘mam,o H$mQ>mo !'' Ymdm ~mob {X¶m & eÌw nrN>o hQ>m & ~mOrà^w
‘mdbo Omoe go ^a CR>o & "ha-ha ‘hmXod', H$m Km¶b hmo J¶m Wm & {’$a ^r ¶wX²Y Omar aIZo
Zmam bJmVo hþE do eÌw na Qy>Q> n‹S>o & nËWam| H$s Ho$ {bE dh ‘mdbm| H$mo àoaUm Xo ahm Wm & CgH$m
dfm© ewê$ hþB© & eÌw Y‹S>mY‹S> {JaZo bJo &> Omoe gmam ܶmZ Vmonm| H$s AmdmOm| H$s Amoa bJm Wm &>

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