Children Picture Dictionary English-English-Hindi with General Knowledge ( PDFDrive ) (1)

MEASUREMENT

NUMBERS MEASURES DENOTING TIME

Unit =1 The time after midnight and before
2 units = 1 pair noon is referred to as Ante-Meridien
= 1 dozen (a.m.) e.g. 3 a.m.
12 units = 1 score The time after noon and before
midnight is referred to as Post-
20 units Meridien (p.m.) e.g. 6 p.m.

144 units = 1 gross MEASURING WEEK
12 dozen = 1 gross
1723 units or 1 great gross

PAPER MEASURES Number British Indian

24 sheets = 1 quire of the day Sunday Ravivar
20 quires = 1 ream
1 perfect ream = 516 sheets 1.
10 reams = 1 bale
500 sheets = 1 commercial 2. Monday Somvar

ream 3. Tuesday Mangalvar

4. Wednesday Budhvar

5. Thursday Guruvar

MEASURING TIME 6. Friday Shukravar

Time is measured through the 7. Saturday Shanivar
following facts. It takes 3651/4 days for
MEASURING YEAR
the Earth to go once round the Sun.

It takes 24 hours (one day) for the 1. January 31 days

Earth to make one full rotation on its 2. February 28 days

axis. 3. March 31 days

60 Seconds = 1 Minute 4. April 30 days

60 Minutes = 1 Hour 5. May 31 days

24 Hours = 1 Day 6. June 30 days

7 Days = 1 Week 7. July 31 days

8. August 31 days

28,29,30 or 31 Days = 1 Month 9. September 30 days

12 Months = 1 Year 10. October 31 days

365 Days = 1 Year 11. November 30 days

366 Days = 1 Leap Year 12. December 31 days

10 Years = 1 Decade Thirty Days have September,
April, June and November,
100 Years = 1 Century February has twenty-eight alone,
And all the rest have thirty-one !
1000 Years = 10 Centuries Except in a leap year, there's the time
when February's days are twenty-nine.
= Millennium

Note : Fortnight means a period of two

weeks.

<151)

X MEANING OF METRIC PREFIXES
Ten Basic Unit Tenth
Thousand Hundred 1 Hundredth Thousandth
1000 100 10 1'10 A
Kilo Metric 1/100 '1000
hecto deca units deci centi milli
metre,
litre,
gram

MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT MEASURES OF LENGTH

10 Milligrams (mg) = 1 Centigram 10 Millimetres = 1 Centimetre (cm.)

10 Centimetres = 1 Decimetre

10 Centigrams = 1 Decigram 10 Decimetres = 1 Metre

10 Decigrams = 1 Gram (1 m. = 100 cm. = 1000 mm.)

(1 g. = 1000 mg) 10 Metres = 1 Decametre

10 Decametres = 1 Hectometre

10 Grams = 1 Decagram 10 Hectometres = 1 Kilometre

10 Decagrams = 1 Hectogram (1 km. = 1000 m.)

10 Hectograms = 1 Kilogram MEASURES OF CAPACITY

(1 kg. = 1000 g.) 10 Millimetres (ml.) = 1 Centilitre

10 Centilitres = 1 Decilitre

10 Kilograms = 1 Myriogram 10 Decilitres = 1 Litre

10 Myriograms = 1 Quintal ( 1 litre = 1000 ml.)

10 Quintals = 1 Metric Tonne 10 Litres = 1 Decalitre

10 Decalitres = 1 Hectolitre

(1 tonne = 1000 kg.) 10 Hectolitres = 1 Kilolitre

MEASURING TEMPERATURE KINDS OF ANGLES

Degree Celsius or Degree Centigrade (°C) Zero Angle
The most widely used unit of temperature.
There are 100 degrees Celsius between the An angle of 0° is called
normal freezing point of water (0°C) and the
boiling point of water (100°C). the Zero angle

DEGREE FAHRENHEIT (°F) Acute Angle

An acute angle is lesser than 90°

Right Angle

An angle of 90° is called

a right angle 90°

The unit of temperature Obtuse Angle
There are 180 degrees Fahrenheit between
the freezing point (32°F) and the boiling point An obtuse angle lies
(212°F) of water. To convert °F to °C, subtract
32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. between 90° and 180°

Straight Angle

A straight angle = 2 right angles 180°

KELVIN (K) = 180°

The SI unit of temperature r Reflex Angle
Absolute zero has a
A reflex angle lies between

temperature of 0 K (zero kelvin), and one 180° and 360°

kelvin is equivalent to a degree Celsius. The Complete Angle

kelvin scale does not have negative values. A complete angle = 4 right angles 360°

(152> = 360°

/ PREFIXES FOR UNITS

An international unit of measurement used in science
SI stands for Systeme International, which is French for "international system". The
system of SI units has been agreed for international use, so that scientists around the
world can all record the results of their experiments and make their calculations using
the same units. One example of an SI unit is the metre. This is the SI unit of length, and
equals the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second through a vacuum.
Light is used as a standard because it has a constant speed.

SI UNITS

Basic SI units Derived SI units

Quantity Unit Symbol Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Metre m Area Square m2
Mass Kilogram kg metre
Time Second s Volume Cubic m3
Electric metre
current Ampere A Frequency Hertz Hz
Temperature Kelvin K Force Newton N
Light Pressure Pascal Pa
intensity Candela cd Energy Joule J
Amount Power Watt W
of substance Mole mol Electric
potential Volt V
Basic SI units and derived SI units Electrical
The seven basic units have scientific resistance Ohm Q
standards that define the size of the units Electric
with great precision. The metre and its charge Coulomb C
standard are given in the entry above on Radioactivity Becquerel Bq
SI units. Other basic units and derived
units also have their own entries All derived units are related to the
elsewhere in the dictionary. basic SI units.

DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES

Decimal multiple Decimal submultiple

Name Symbol Multiple Name Symbol Multiple
deci d 10
tera T x 1,000,000,000,000 (1012) centi c
giga G x 1,000,000,000 (109) milli m h- 100 (10-2)
mega M x 1,000,000 (106) micro
kilo k x 1,000 (103) nano M 1,000 (10-3)
hecto h x 100 (102) pico n 1,000,000(10-6)
1,000,000,000 (10-9)
deca da x 10 P
1,000,000,000,000 (10-12)
Using multiples and submultiples

Multiples and submultiples allow one unit to be Note : kilo means a thousand times
hecto means a hundred times
used whatever the amount measured. For deca means ten times
deci means a tenth part of
example, 1 kilogram (1 kg) is 1,000 grams, and I centi means a hundredth part of
milli means a thousandth part of
milligram (1 mg) is one-thousandth of a gram.

Large masses are measured in kilograms, and

small masses in milligrams, as shown on the

fright.

0l3>

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS \

A/c Account ex. = Example
Adj. 1. Adjective E. & O.E. = Errors and omissions
2. Adjustment
Advt. Advertisement Esp. excepted
Ans. Answer Etc. = Especially
Aug. August Feb. = (etcetera) and the other
a.m. (ante meridiem) before Fig. = February
mid day ft. = Figure
Amt. amount F. = feet
Apr. April Fem. = Fahrenheit
B. Ed. Bachelor of Education F.o.r. = Feminine
B.C. Before Christ Gen. = Free on rail
B.A. Bachelor of Arts Gm. = General
B.Com. Bachelor of Commerce G.P.O. = gram
B.B.C. British Broadcasting H.
Corporation Hon. = General Post Office
Capt. Captain h., hr. = Hydrogen
C.I.D. H.Q. = Honourable
Criminal Investigation I.A. = hour
Co. Department I.C.U. = headquarters
cm. Company I.G. = Indian Army
Col. Centimetres i.e. = Intensive Care Unit
C/o Colonel (cjrfo) int. = Inspector General
D/- Care of Jan. = (id est) that is
Dec. Dated junc. = interest
D.I.G. December Kc. = January
Diet. Deputy Inspector General km. = junction
D. Litt. Dictionary kg. = kilo cycle
Do. Doctor of Literature kl. = Kilometre
(ditto) the same as lb. = kilogram
Dr. aforesaid Ltd. = kilo litre
1. Debtor lab. = (libra) pound
D/o 2. Doctor Lt. = Limited
Dft. Daughter of = laboratory
D.S.P. Draft Lt. Gov. = Lieutenant
Deputy Superintendent of Mad. = Lieutenant Governor
Dis. Police M.D. = Madam
D.L.O. Discount Min.
Dpt. Dead Letter Office ml. = Doctor of Medicine
E. Department M.L.A. = minute
ECG East = Milli-iitre
Ed. Electrocardiograph Mme.
Estd. Editorial M.P. = Member of legislative
Established Mrs. Assembly
X M.B.
M.B.A. = Madame
= Member of Parliament
M/s. = Mistress
= Bachelor of Medicine
= Master of Business

Administration
= Messrs

<154>

A miscellaneous Sep. = September \
misc. Master of Arts St. = 1. Street
M.A. 1. Money Order
M.O. 2. Medical Officer S. 2. Saint
Mister Sat. = South
Mr. miles per hour sec. = Saturday
m.p.h. (nota bene) Note well sig. = second
N.B. Negative sing. = signature
Neg. (numero) in number Sub. = singular
No. November T.B. = Subject
Nov. Oxygen Tel. = Tuberculosis
O. October T.O. = Telegraph
Oct. Opposite T.V. = Turnover
Opp. Object tech. = Television
Obj. (Okeh) All correct tele. = technical
O.K. ounce tr. = telephone
Oz. Post Card U.S.S.R. = transfer
P.C. Doctor of Philosophy
Ph. D. premium U.D.C. = Union of Soviet Socialist
pm. Post Office U.P. Republics
P.O. Physical Training U.S.A.
P.T. Please turn over U. = Upper Division Clerk
P.T.O. (percent) by the hundred U.K. = Uttar Pradesh
p.c. plural Vid. = United States of America
plu. 1. Prime Minister V.P. = Uranium
P.M. 2. (Post Meridiem) V.P.P. = United Kingdom
Afternoon V. = (vide) see
Pt. Pandit viz. = Vice-President
pt. Point V.I.P. = Value payable parcel
P.W.D. Public Works Department Wed. = (versus) against
Q. Question W/o = (videlicet) namely
Qty. Quantity W.H.O. = Very Important Person
qr. quarter = Wednesday
Re. Rupee W. = Wife of
Retd. Retired w.f. = World Health
R.S.V.P. (Respondez s'il vous wt.
plait) reply, if you please Xm. Organisation
Rd. Road X = West
ref. reference Yr.
Rs. Rupees Zn. = wrong fount
S/o Son of & = weight
Secy. Secretary = (X'mas) Christmas
Sec. Secondary = numeral for ten
= Year
= Zinc
= (et.) and

(155)

/ WORDS WHICH COMMONLY CONFUSE N

Accept (3Tcj#e) ^ j ; "TFt. Cattle (%cr?f) 'TTecP ip TTT^T; 3rfiFtaT.
Except (i^cHW) 3Tf?IcjKn; yqRT. Kettle ( t o )
Access (anf^f) Cloth (cfcnar) f i t ; tcP ^JldlH cPT 3TT5TI
Excess (wn^rr) ttrsn ^TT; M>tmyf ^ n . Clothes (cfvTt^vi)
Advice (^CII^-H) Cost (WRS) ^cj^l 0M-SI.
Advise (T^JT^MI) wMirMaH;dM. Ruih. Cast *M<JM-II cf><HT.
Angel (tjsra) Caste ( CPTTS) w i ^ n ; cpan; 6TOR.
Angle (^Tcf) ^fTfTt.e ; ^ . Cheque (^fr) "?«TR; wfii.
Accident cFTR. Check (^P)
Incident ot^n; wrrcftm?!. Canvas (IRCRI) VRft.
Affect ( s i t e ) Canvass (t^Tcra) MicjiishH; ftrepji-f^.
Effect Cite ( w e )
Bad Site (mi?) ; "EFFEN;-PTR W C P T .
Card
Bed (ts) Cord ( w i ) •snn.
Bail ( t a ) Course (c^rf ) TfRT.
Bale Coarse (ctfrtf) "T^Rajef.
Bridal (sT^Sc?) Die ("STf)
Bridle (iTf^ei) Die ( w ) % \JtRRT ^TCf vJfFj
Brake (tcp) Dye
Break (sftf) Desert (^H^)
Born Dessert
Borne (efa)
Bear («I3R) ^ ^ cR^ri. Dear (few?) fiftl
Bear cf^TRf, Deer (^Rre) f^rui.
Beer (^terc) uft ^f TRTEf. Dairy
Birth (*jaf) Diary (^raft) RlH^iji fcT^t ijR-dcbl.
Berth (era*) ^TtcT c^TT,' ^tSRT . Dose (^m)
Blow (^cfr) Doze (^Tyf) T^s; cug ^Tfcm.
Below (t^cft) Draught (^irc)
Buy («rr|) Drought (^rae) •^ST.
By ( ^ i ) Elder ( " ^ f ) ^ST; arfsjcp arrg ^TcTT.
Blue Older (3TW?) ^ r WFf "ZTT1^.
Eligible (^feTWeT) 3TPTE.
Blew (^o^) Illegible (^rwcf) fcfRTH.
Beside ( f t ^ s ) Farmer ( w f t )
Besides (fiRTT^sxH) Former (xtfrfo)

<156)

Farm (tprt) MSfjMleH Mail "STcp. s

Form (TfiW) Male ( t a )

Fair (%3R) "gtR; ^ToTT. Not (-qfe)

Fare 'HTST; tffviR. Knot Ote) Tfte.

Floor ( W R ) •pj^' rlcT. Naughty yHK^I; HdUci.
Knotty JltdcJW; cpfe^.
Flour (tfcTTvJ?) an^T; Nice

Feet (T^te) tfc.

Feat xWecbU. Niece

Gate W 0 ; cjyclHI. Our (3TT3?) FTRT.

Gait Ote) "^TTef; "TfrJ. Hour (3TT33R) •sfer.

Heal (fter) Practice (trffen)
. Practise (frffejH)
Heel (fta) <?T<J5 e-RT; tllcl cPT 3TWTRT.

Here Plan (tcTH)
Plane
Hear ( H o r ) Wf. "jf^RT.

Hole ( t t t ) Plain

Whole (^TeT) Tjpt; ^TRjirf. Pale (^T)

Herd ( j i ) Pail ( t a )

Heard (^t) Popular (^gcR)

Hair (%*rc) "elTcT. Populous (if^geRT) "SRI eRFTI 13JT; 'q^l ^CT

Hare (%3R) ^grrfm. Pour (tfR) Tj^TeTTtTR "TT^t cRTRI;

Heart fcTcl. 3nfcT cpt vJ^eHI.

Hurt ( j i ) xmra. Pore (*fR) Tttfq.

Idle ( a n ^ t ) tcFR; 3TTcT#; Prescribe (fawr^i) ftm ^PRI; ftqfojr CFvrt .
Proscribe
Ideal (anf^Rra)

Industrial (^gft^ra) Pray (3) Tnafal cfi^n.

Industrious ( ^ s f ^ r o ) Prey (it)

Luxurious (<Hj^R3TFF) Peace (i?Rf) TTtfcF;

Luxuriant (cPxgWe) Piece (Tfrfl)

Latter (ete*) ; cpT. Pain (iR)

Letter (cte?) ^ f ; 3TSR. Pane (iR)
Price (TfT^f)
Lesson (eRR) cflHd; :,Jc3I; ^R; TRl.

(cJst)Lessen (eR?R) ^ T T ; jTc|HI . Prize ( w i s ) ufr^T; yjt^t; "J7!^
Pair (tore)
Lose "StcTI.
Loose (c$h) Pare (ifcR) cblriHI; WH cfi^n; W^TT.

Marry Peal (iter)
Merry (^fft)
fcran: cj^n. Peel (iter) f&efcbl vidKHI.

Meet Quiet (cfEfrre) TTTd; P^ttcH.
Meat ( # 3 )
ftoRT. Quite ("WT^e)

J

/ cT^rf. Their ( ^ R ) \
Rain TFFTR; TTvII TTjR<1 . There (^R)
cPTR; w f e R . Tail (tci) cTFT; ISIR ^R.
Reign (^i) Tale (tei)
Pl^l-SHI "9T "tRt^TT. Throne (arR) cm "^ct
Rein (^r) wf. Thrown (?tR)
Teem tj^i; l^pl; "^qe.
Ring (f?n) flfcl, TPT.
feRsRT. Team (^fa) •RT^r.
Wring ( # r ) WTvT ^rqife-ipl ifTcf tRl. Vale 3TcRPm.
^^ne^P % W cPT 3ff5RZf. Veil
Route (i^e) Vain (cR) cpTR.
ftsft.
Root (^e) (3%yr)Vein (iR) TFRR.
1TRT.
Right Vacation "qft.
"HRT. Vocation WRT; SJRT tP^RT.
Rite (^ife) SJcTT. Waste (ifte)
ff^TTH; Waist ( i m ) cfHTufR; c^ol.
Write "Ef^mcT; Ticr^Rftef. Weather
Whether ( ^ r ) TFTCRT.
Roll ( ^ i ) cfnRt cPT^e. Wear (^RR) TRFFT.
chlf^y. Ware (%jr) 7RR.
Role ("tfei) "cTeTT; cTefcTI. Weak
OTcRT; Week Ofop) eft eRTT ^IT «fcT.
Sale (^ra) ^PFFft; cpaiT. Weigh (*)
Way (if) 3MRT ^ R T .
Sail ("^TeT) irer. Wine (cfT^) T ? R # T T ; 3TTFJRF CFR^TT.
Vine ( CTT^T ) CFJJR; T R .
See ( # ) vT^RT; Wander (cff^)
"0IT. Wonder (cte?) Tf^fSn ^JR^TT.
Sea ( # ) Weight (ite) eft >ir£f.
Wait (ire)
Steal (^tcf) Yolk tlcff eft v^ff (xgft
Yoke (Tfcp)
Steel (^of)

Sing ( f(t'RR)jr)
Swing

Sensible

Sensitive ("#tftfeci)

Suit ("ge)

Suite ("qe)

Soot(^e)

Sole

Soul

Story (^tft)

Storey (^rfl)

Stationary ( ^ n f l )

Stationery (t£?r?»)

Sun (^JR)

Son ( T R )

Sore (^R)

Soar ("tfR)

Sour (^rra?)

/ ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS \

Alien (TjfeRR) A person residing in a country of which he is not a citizen.

Anarchy (3HT^) 3NMcbdi Absence of Government,

Annual ("^ara) wf^fi Happening every year.

Anonymous (3rT%to) 'j^Rm That does not bear the name of the writer.

VHCH^nAntiseptic (^iiuj^sjcp) ^rcraJ That which counteracts purification.
Living in (or near) water.
Aquatic

Atheist (arafRe) HiR-d* One who does not believe in god.

Audience (sfffciHT) srmFm An assembly of listeners.

(WzfR)Autobiography (sff^MfRt-TTTtfr) an^wm The life story of a person written by himself.
Amateur W ^ T H T One who pursues some art or sport as hobby.

Autograph (affst-WP) -gg® ^zrfrfi % I ^ T S R To get signature of some important person in his own

hand writing.

Bankrupt (tfcrre) (or Insolvent) teciifdiii One who cannot pay off his debt.

Biography itfra^l The life story of a person.

Brittle (Hren) jpgRi Liable to be easily broken.

Botany (wfc^t) cm-qfa f^rsTH The science of vegetable life.

Barometer (tRffle?) c i i ^ u ^ i i t^tto i f s An instrument for measuring atmospheric

pressure. h ^rr^t 3 # A beautiful lady of fair complexion and
Blonde ( ^ u ^ )

golden hair.

Cantonment Temporary quarters made for military men.

Catalogue (4?rfHT'i) ^ M d A list of the names of books.

Century ( ^ g f l ) yidi«?i One hundred years.

Colleagues (gMT'XH) ^ - ^ r N n f f Persons working together in the same institution.

Combustible (cb^*<?McH) y^eHsTlcH Liable to catch fire easily.

Contagious warmp A disease communicable by contact.

Credulous (FB^CW-I) CPR m One who believes easily whatever is told.

Democracy w r a ^ Government of the people, by the people, for the people.

Dictionary (ferer^fl) A book which tells what various words mean.

Edible (-qf^ra) ^ ^fpu Fit to be eaten.

Eligible (QRHRHeid) ^fr^J One who is fit to be elected.

Extempore ( i ^ u f w ) d^bicH TTfro A speech made without previous preparation.

Egoist 3Tfcn^I A person who always thinks of himself.

Fastidious ( W R ^ R F ^ R A ) ^ R T S U Hard to please.

\Fatal Were* That which causes death. /

(159)

/ Fatalist (tftefaree) One who believes in fate. \

Fiend (^ft^s) H^RVIN A most wicked and cruel man.

Germicide (^rifar^s) Substance having power to destroy germs.

Honorary (3fF^I) A post for which no salary is paid.

Hospitable (^IMfera) OTfas^cmff One who entertains his guests.

Hades ^rrara Lower world beneath the earth.

Hearse Vehicles to carry corpse (dead body).

Holdall (£)d^fd) A canvas bag to hold bedding etc.

Honeymoon ( F F R P ) ^ H K M The first night of a newly married couple.

Hoyden ^d^et) ers^f A very romping girl.

wrIf^Hydra (¥T^|T) f r w i An imaginary serpent with many heads.
Hypnotism (fenifevH) fen A science of hypnosis by which a hypnotist can induce an

artificial sleep on others.

Illegal ($dcft<id) srtrtr Contrary to law.

Illegible (^d^f^eid) awd^ii That which cannot be read.

Illiterate One who can neither read nor write.

Immovable That which cannot be moved.

Inaccessible ( f ^ ar^fMlcra) STTR Incapable of being approached.

Inaudible ( ^ affffera) That which cannot be heard.

Incredible ( ^ tbR;«id) 3rfSre^rcr%J That which cannot be believed.

Indispensable (snOw-i^-Md) 3iPicji4 That which cannot be dispensed with.

Ineligible ( ^ j f o ^ k H ) 3r*fRf Not fit to be elected or selected.

Infallible (^ibichdd) awpvf A person who cannot make a mistake.

Insatiable (3H<i^Md) did^fi That which cannot be satisfied.

Inseparable (^H^M^d) 3if3m That cannot be separated.

Insoluble (<H<Hlc^d) srgcRiflcf That cannot be dissolved.

Insurmountable ( ^ m f e ^ r a ) That cannot be overcome.

Invincible (^nRnRHeid) ar^ta Incapable of being conquered.

Invisible ar^rai That cannot be seen.

Irrelevant (s^cWd) aFTifci Not to the point.

Irreparable (sjyR^tid) anrtoRi That cannot be repaired.

Irritable (^Riefd) Ri-ssRi^si One who is quick to anger.

Kindergarten ( f e s n T ^ ) f^T^jaff "ept A school for kids.

Kidnap ( f ^ g ^ j ) 3W£>iui To carry away a person forcibly.

Library (HT^tff) ^TcPTcTO A place containing books for reading or reference.

\Linguist (fc^Re) One who knows many languages. /

(160)

/ % G R T fen w w i T W J T A speech made for the first time. \
Maiden speech

Manuscript ( ^ g f e F e ) mu^leift Papers written by hand.

Mercenary 9Rcfr^q A man working merely for money.

Migratory (^i^ilri^l) WMHPTff That moves from one place to another.

Millennium (ferfem) "rr^Rn^l Thousand years.

Matinee ^TF? ^ f ^ T T A cinema show which is held in the afternoon.

Manifesto ( ^ - T l W l ) "efrnwr—^T^r A written declaration of Government or a political party

Manna (*IHT) ^raraff ^rm Food offered to the Gods.

Matrimonial (t^Fftfera) fen? Concerning marriage.

Nurse yR^iRchi A lady who attends sick person or infants.

Notorious (^Mfara) ^ r m , ^pft Of evil reputation.

Omnipotent "^ferfetTR One who is powerful.

Omnipresent ( s f F W r ^ ) ^fezmrcp One who is present everywhere.

Omniscient ( a i l ^ W ) TferraT One who knows everything.

Opaque (afefi) aiMKcjyfcb A lady who attends sick persons or infants.

Optician ^ n ^Ten One who prescribes glasses.

Optimist 3TI?MT?[ One who takes the bright side of things.

(cj^Rh'H)Orphan ( s t r i r ) aRiar A child whose parents are dead.
Oasis A shady fertile place in the desert.

Orthodox (snafrsfer) *ifdcii<?i A man of traditional beliefs.

Panacea (^hiRwi) ^Hdiui 3fmfSr A remedy for all ills.

Pedestrian One who walks on foot.

3KRTPessimist ( M r f e s ) femraT^f One who takes the dark side of things.
Pickpocket ^fa One who steals from the pockets of others.

Popular (Ml^eN) ^nffiter One who is liked by the people.

Postmortem ^rftsn An examination made after death.

Posthumous TRuitTRRi Something done for a person after his death, like being awarded.

Parables (^t^r^a) itfct ^parnj Stories which build moral.

Quorum ^HdH 3ficiyi|ch w i Required minimum number of members to be present in the

meeting to pass a resolution.

Right srfSjcPR Privilege, enjoyed by citizens.

Shrew ("faqj SFFSTOJ^ A peevish woman.

Scholarship (<w>IcnRim) W5f^frf Allowance given to intelligent students.

Sanatorium ( ^ d l R i w ) strT^i 3TTSR A place for invalids and convalescents.

Teetotaller (^Tet^cR) w p ^ ^len One who totally abstains from alcoholic drinks.

\Tryst TPTO ^sra a place for meeting of two lovers. /

(161)

/ A body through which light can pass. \
Transparent

Turncoat (e4cbte) R-i^id wnTf A person who changes his party or principles easily.

Unavoidable arawwnft That which cannot be avoided.

Unintelligible (sR-g^fciftraci) arato That which cannot be understood.

Universal (^Pfe^d) ftfl^zmft A rule that is applicable to all.

Vegetarian siicbi^ One who lives on vegetables only.

Veteran (cr^TR) One who has long experience.

Voluntary (^Tclttl) few ^t Of one's own free will.

Waterproof ( d l e ^ ) ^ra a f e t o Through which water cannot pass.

Widow ( f e t ) ferai A woman whose husband is dead.

Widower (fetere) fej* A man whose wife is dead.

Zoo (vsjj Hrfemrc A place where birds, animals etc. are kept.

\ /(162)

/ WORLD - FAMOUS \

FAMOUS MOUNTAINS FAMOUS RIVERS

Height Length
(feet)
Location 29,028 Location (miles)
28,250
Everest Nepal/Tibet 28,168 Nile Africa 4,160
26,660
K2 Kashmir 26,504 Amazon South America 3,900
25,645
Kanchenjunga Sikkim 25,447 Yangtze-Kiang China 3,400
24,590
Nanga Parbat Kashmir 22,834 Congo Africa 3,000
20,320
Annapurna Nepal 19,344 Mekong S.E. Asia 2,800
19,340
Nanda Devi India 18,481 Ob U.S.S.R.
17,887
Kamet India/Tibet 17,068 2,700
17,000
Communism Peak U.S.S.R Lena U.S.S.R. 2,680
16,795
Aconcagua Argentina 15,771 Mackenzie Canada 2,635

Mackinlev Alakska Hwang Ho China 2,600

Cotopaxi Ecuador Niger Africa 2,600

Kilimanjaro Tanzania Amur U.S.S.R. 2,500

Elburz U.S.S.R. Parana South America 2,500

Popocatapetl Mexico U.S.S.R.

Kenya Kenya Yenisei 2,500

Ararat Turkey Mississippi U.S.A. 2,340

Ruwenzori Uganda/ Volga U.S.S.R. 2,300

Cangolese Colorado U.S.A. 2,000

Republic St. Lawrence Canada 2,000
Yukon Canada 2,000
Mont Blanc France Brahmaputra Tibet/India 1,800
Danube Europe 1,720
FAMOUS BRIDGES

Waterway Euphrates Turkey/Syria/Iraq 1,700
(miles)
Location 27a Indus Tibet/India/Pakistan 1,700
Africa 2
Zambezi Denmark 2 Zambezi Africa 1,600
Storstrom Scotland 17s
Tay (Rail) India 174 Ganges India 1,560
Upper Sone India 172
Godavari Scotland 174 FAMOUS VOLCANOES
Forth (Rail) Portugal 174
Salazar, Lisbon Scotland 178 Height
Tay (Road) Scotland
Forth (Road) 17s Location (feet)
Golden Gate, San U.S.A. 1
Francisco India 1 Cotopaxi Ecuador 19,612
Hardinge Venezuela 1
Orinoco England Mauna Loa Hawaii 13,680
Severn 1
Victoria Jubilee, Canada 74 Erebus Antarctica 12,450
Montreal Australia
Sydney Harbour Etna • Sicily 10,958

Ruapehu New Zealand 9,175

Paricutin Mexico 7,451

Hekla Iceland 4,892

Vesuvius Italy 4,190

Stromboli Italy 3,038

Krakatau Indonesia 2,667

<163)

Caspian Sea FAMOUS LAKES Area
Superior (Sq. feet)
Victoria Location
Aral Sea U.S.S.R. 143,550
Huron Canada/U.S.A. 31,800
Michigan Africa 26,800
Tanganyika U.S.S.R. 25,300
Great Bear Canada/U.S.A. 23,000
Baikal U.S.A. 22,400
Nyasa Africa 12,700
Great Slave Canada 12,275
Chad U.S.S.R. 11,780
Erie Africa 11,430
Ladoga Canada 10,980
Onega Africa 10,000
Titicaca Canada/U.S.A. 9,940
U.S.S.R. 7,000
U.S.S.R. 3,800
Bolivia/Peru 3,200

FAMOUS & LARGEST CITIES

Tokyo Japan Djakarta Indonesia
Shanghai Brazil
New York China Rio de Janeiro Korea
London, U.S.S.R.
Greater U.S.A. Seoul U.S.A.
Buenos Aires Germany
Moscow Leningrad Mexico
Peking China
Sao Paulo England Chicago Japan
Mumbai Argentina Berlin (E & W) India
Cairo U.S.S.R. Mexico City Iran
New Delhi China Tientsin India

Brazil Osaka
India Kolkata
U.A.R. Tehran
India Chennai

NAMES OF OCEANS NAMES OF THE CONTINENTS

Antarctic Arctic Africa Antarctica Asia Australia
Atlantic Indian Europe North America
South America
Pacific
<j64>
X

/ TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES \

FOREIGN

Town Country Industries
Baku Russia Petroleum
Bangkok Thailand Shipping
Belfast Ireland Ship-building and Linen Goods
Buenos Aires Argentina Dairy Products
Cadiz Spain Cork
Chicago U.S.A. Gramophone
Detroit U.S.A. Automobiles
Dresden U.S.A. Optical and Photographic Apparatus
Glasgow Scotland Machinery, Textile
Havana Cuba Cigar
Hollywood U.S.A. Films
Johannesburg South Africa Gold mines
Kimberley South Africa Diamond Mining
Leeds England Woollen Goods
Los Angeles U.S.A. Films, Oil
Lyons France Silk
Morocco North Africa Leather
Munich Germany Lenses
New Orleans U.S.A. Cotton
Pittsburgh U.S.A. Iron and Steel
Plymouth England Ship-building
Sheffield England Cutlery
Venice Italy Glass
Vienna Austria Glass
Wellington New Zealand Dairy Products

INDIAN

Town Industries
Ahmedabad Cotton
Aligarh Locks
Alwaye Rare Earths Factory
Ambarnath Machine Tools (Prototype Factory)
(Near Mumbai)
Ankleshwar (Gujarat) Oil
Bangalore Cotton Textiles, Toys, Carpets, Motors,
Aircraft, Indian Telephone
Bareilly Industries and Machine Tools
Resin Industry, Woodwork
X
<T65>

Town Industries \

Batanagar Shoes
Bhilai Steel
Bhopal Heavy Electricals
Bokaro Steel Plant
Mumbai Cotton Textile, Cinema
Kolkata Jute Manufacture, Electric Bulbs and Lamps
Chhindwara Lime-stone, Coal
(Madhya Pradesh)
Chittaranjan Locomotives
(West Bengal)
Churk (U.P.) Cement
Delhi D.D.T., Textiles and Housing
Dhariwal Woollen goods
Digboi Petroleum
Durgapur Steel
Ferozabad Glass
Guntur Cotton Manufacture
Gwalior Pottery
Howrah Jute
Jaipur Embroidery, Pottery and Brassware
Jagadhari Paper
Jalahalli Machine Tools Factory and Electronics
Jamshedpur Iron and Steel goods
(Tatanagar)
Jharia Coal
Kanpur Leather, Shoes
Katni Cement
Khetri Copper
Koyali Petro-chemicals
Ludhiana Hosiery
Moradabad Utensils,Calico printing
Mysore Silk
Nangal Fertilizers
Nepanagar Newsprint
Neyveli Lignite
Noonamati Oil refining
Perambur Railway Coaches Factory
(Near Madras)

<166>

Town i
Industries

Pinjore (Haryana) Machine Tools

Pimpri (Pune) Penicillin Factory

Rana Pratap Sagar Atomic Power Plant

Raniganj Coal mining

Rourkela Steel, Fertilizer

Rupnarainpur Cables

(West Bengal)

Sindri Fertilizer

Singareni (Andhra) Coal

Singhbhum Copper

Surat Textiles

Suratgarh Modern Agricultural Farm

Tiruchirapalli Cigar

Titagarh Paper

Trombay Atomic Reactors, Fertilizers

Varanasi Silk Textile

Vishakhapatnam Ship-building

TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS

FOREIGN

Town River Town River

1. Baghdad Tigris Moskva
2. Belgrade Hudson
3. Berlin Danube 16. Moscow St. Lawrence
4. Budapest Spree 17. New York Seine
5. Buenos Aires Danube 18. Ottawa Vitava
6. Cairo La Plata 19. Paris St. Lawrence
7. Dublin Nile 20. Prague Irrawadi
8. Hang Chow Liffey 21. Quebec Tiber
9. Kabul Yangtse-Kiang 22. Rangoon Mississippi
10. Karachi Kabul 23. Rome Darling
11. Khartoum Sindh 24. St. Louis Arakawa
12. Lahore Nile 25. Sydney Danube
13. Lisbon Ravi 26. Tokyo Vistula
14. London Tag us 27. Vienna
15. Madrid Thames 28. Warsaw
Menzaneres
\ CT67)
/

/ TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS \

INDIAN

Town River Town River
1. Agra Narbada
2. Allahabad Jamuna 13. Jabalpur Ganges
Chambal
3. Ayodhya Confluence of 14. Kanpur Indus
4. Badrinath Gomti
5. Kolkata the Ganges 15. Kotah Godavari
6. Cuttack Bhima
7. Delhi and the Jamuna 16. Leh Ganges
8. Dibrugarh Brahmaputra
9. Ferozepore & Saraswati 17. Lucknow Mahanadi
10. Guwahati Jhelum
11. Hardwar Saryu 18. Nasik Cauvery
12. Hyderabad Tapti
Alaknanda 19. Pandharpur Ganges
Mineral Krishna
Hoogly 20. Patna

Mahanadi 21. Saikowaghat

Jamuna 22. Sambalpur

Brahmaputra 23. Srinagar

Sutluj 24. Srirangapatnam

Brahmaputra 25. Surat

Ganges 26. Varanasi

Musi 27. Vijayawada

MINERALS IN INDIA
Name of the State

1. Aluminium (qc^ftP^H) (1) Orissa (2) Bihar

(from Bauxite) (1) Karnataka (2) Bihar
(1) Bihar (2) Kerala
2. Asbestos ("^ ciicHi d-^HAi emj) (1) Rajasthan (2) Kerala
(1) West Bengal (2) Bihar
3. China Clay ftfl) (1) Bihar (2) Rajasthan
(1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh
4. Cobalt ('Plere % ttch t f W sjt^) (1) Karnataka (2) Andhra Pradesh
(1) Rajasthan (2) Tamil Nadu
5. Coal (cbl^di) (1) Bihar (2) Orissa
(1) Rajasthan
6. Copper (diHi) (1) Rajasthan (2) Andhra Pradesh
(1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh
7. Diamond (1) Madhya Pradesh
(1) Rajasthan (2) Andhra Pradesh
8. Gold (^PTi) (1) Bihar (2) Gujarat
(1) Assam
9. Gypsum ( u f ^ i (1) Rajasthan (2) Bihar
(1) Karnataka (2) Maharashtra
10. Iron (effFf) (1) Bihar (2) Rajasthan
(1) Kerala (2) Kerala
11. Lead (#^tt) (1) Bihar

12. Zinc (uH-di)

13. Limestone ( ^ t 'qRarc)

14. Manganese (^i-Tltf)

15. Marble ( w j m )

16. Mica

17. Petroleum (^rfcRFi)

18. Red Stone {tmw&R)

19. Silver (^rMt)

20. Tungsten ( ^ ^ t f t n f l t n ^ )

21. Thorium ucbu eft tn^)

22. Uranium (f^isTld ^RjaiI ^i^ch

(m) '

/ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN INDIA \

Agricultural Product Name of the State

1. Barley ("sft) (a) Punjab (b) U.P.

2. Cinchona (J^H 4>l ^rs) (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala

3. Cashew nut (^Tujj (a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu

4. Coconut & Copra (fen) (a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu

5. Coffee (cwfr) (a) Karnataka (b) Kerala

6. Cotton (chMKH) (a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat

7. Indigo ( f e i ) (a) Bihar (b) Tamil Nadu

8. Jute (Md^H) (a) West Bengal (b) Assam

9. Maize ( T O ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar

10. Rice (*iicid) (a) West Bengal (b) Andhra Pradesh

11. Sandal Wood (a) Karnataka

12. Sugarcane ( ' H i ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar

13. Spices {M t-wic}) (a) Kerala (b) Karnataka

14. Tea (a) Assam (b) Kerala

15. Tobacco (a) Maharashtra (b) Tamil Nadu

16. Wheat m j (a) Punjab (b) U.P.

FAMOUS BOOKS BY FOREIGN AUTHORS

Books Authors

A Stranger in the Mirror Sidney Sheldon
Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy
A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle
Alice in Wonderland Lewis Carroll
Affluent Society J.K. Galbraith
A Passage to India E.M. Forster
Androcles and the Lion George Bernard Shaw
All Quiet on the Western Front Eric Maria Remarque
A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens
A Week with Gandhi Louis Fischer
Ambassador's Report Chester Bowles
Arms and the Man George Bernard Shaw
Asian Drama Gunnar Myrdal

Antony and Cleopatra William Shakespeare
As You Like It William Shakespeare
August 1914 Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Babbit Sinclair Lewis
Blind Ambitions John Dean
Bitter Sweet Noel Coward
Ben Hur Lewis Wallace
Blind Beauty Boris Pasternak
Candida George Bernard Shaw
Candide Voltaire
Cancer Ward Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Comedy of Errors William Shakespeare
Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky
Caesar and Cleopatra George Bernard Shaw
Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer
Count of Monte Cristo Alexander Dumas
Crisis in India, The Ronald Segal
David Copperfield Charles Dickens
Das Kapital Karl Marx
Doctor's Dilemma George Bernard Shaw
Death of a President William Manchester
Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes
Doctor's Wife Brian Moore
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson
Dr. Zhivago Boris Pasternak
Deserted Village Oliver Goldsmith
Decline and Fall of the Roman Edward Gibbon
Empire
Divine Comedy Dante
Education of a Public Man, The Hubert H. Humphrey
Ends and Means Aldous Huxley
Expanding Universe Eddington
Essays of Elia Charles Lamb
Emma Jane Austen
Freedom in Arms A.L. Morton
Freedom at Midnight Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
Far From the Madding Crowd Thomas Hardy
For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway
Forsyte Saga John Galsworthy

1 Authors

Books J.W. Von Goethe
Ivan Turgenev
Faust Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Father and Sons Henry Miller
First Circle Ayub Khan
Fenius and Lust Margaret Mitchell
Friends, Not Masters Winston Churchill
Gone with the Wind Norman Angel
Gathering Storm Pearl S. Buck
Great Illusion Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Good Earth Charles Dickens
Gulag Archipelago Jonathan Swift
Great Expectations Sheikh Saadi
Gulliver's Travels William Shakespeare
Gulistan J.R. Rowling
Hamlet Saul Bellow
Harry Potter Victor Hugo
Humboldt's Gift John Gunther
Hunchback of Notre Dame John Gunther
Inside Asia Alfred Tennyson
Inside Africa Homer
Idylls of the King H.G. Wells
Iliad Sir Walter Scott
Invisible Man Charlotte Bronte
Ivanhoe Allan and Wendy Scarfe
Jane Eyre Rudyard Kipling
J.P.- His Biography Romain Rolland
Jungle Book William Shakespeare
Jean Christopher Sir Walter Scott
Julius Caesar Robert Louis Stevenson
Kennilworth Rudyard Kipling
Kidnapped William Shakespeare
Kim H.G. Wells
King Lear J.J. Rousseau
Kipps D.H. Lawrence
Le Contract Social (Social Contract) Vincent Shean
Lady Chatterley's Lover Eric Segal
Lead Kindly Light Victor Hugo
Love Story
Les Miserables

Books Authors

Lycidas John Milton
Living Room Graham Greene
Lolita V. Nobokov
L' Allegro John Milton
Life of Dr. Johnson James Boswell
Magic Mountain Thomas Mann
Macbeth William Shakespeare
Major Barbara George Bernard Shaw
Man and Superman George Bernard Shaw
Man Eaters of Kumaon Jim Corbett
Man, the Unknown Lewis Carroll
Mother Maxim Gorky
Mother India Katherine Mayo
Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler
Murder in the Cathedral T.S. Eliot
Merchant of Venice
Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeare
Mysterious Universe William Shakespeare
Marriage and Morals James Jeans
Nine Days Wonder Bertrand Russell
Nemesis John Mansfield
Nineteen Eighty Four Emile Zola
Oliver Twist George Orwell
Of Human Bondage Charles Dickens
Odyssey W. Somerset Maugham
One World Homer
Origin of Species
Othello Wendell Wilkie
Old Man and the Sea Charles Darwin
Pride and Prejudice William Shakespeare
Pakistan Crisis Ernest Hemingway
Paradise Lost Jane Austen
Promises to Keep David Loshak
Pilgrim's Progress John Milton
Pygmalion Chester Bowles
Peter Pan John Bunyan
Prince George Bernard Shaw
J.M. Barrie
Public Persons Machiavelli
Pickwick Papers Walter Lippmann
Rain King, The Charles Dickens
Rainbow, The Saul Bellow
Reprieve Pearl S. Buck
Rape of the Lock Jean Paul Sartre
Alexander Pope

Books Authors

Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare
Republic Plato
Rape of Bangladesh Anthony Mascarenhas
Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe
Rubaiyat-i-Omar Khayyam Edward Fitzgerald
Red Star Over China Edgar Snow
Razor's Edge W. Somerset Maugham
Rains Came Louis Bromefield
Sleeping Murder Agatha Christie
Samler's Planet Saul Bellow
Scarlet Pimpernel Baroness Orczy
Story of My Life Moshe Dayan
Sense and Sensibility Jane Austen
Shahnama Firdausi
She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith
St. Joan George Bernard Shaw
Sohrab and Rustom Matthew Arnold
Shape of Things to Come H.G. Wells
Spirit of the Age William Hazlitt
Sons and Lovers D.H. Lawrence
Three Musketeers Alexander Dumas
The Other Side of Midnight Sidney Sheldon
Talisman Sir Walter Scott
Tales from Shakespeare Charles Lamb
Tess of D'Urbervilles Thomas Hardy
Treasure Island Robert Louis Stevenson
The Idiot Fyodor Dostoevsky
Twelfth Night William Shakespeare
The Trumpet Major Thomas Hardy
Thank You, Jeeves P.G. Wodehouse
Triumph J.K. Galbraith
Time Machine H.G. Wells
Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller
Utopia Thomas Moore
Universe Around Us James Jeans
Unto This Last John Ruskin
Ulysses James Joyce
Upturned Soil Mikhail Sholokhov
Vicar of Wakefield Oliver Goldsmith
Victim, The Saul Bellow
War and Peace Leo Tolstoy
Walking on the Water Hugg Cudlipp
Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte
Wealth of Nations Adam Smith
Way of All Flesh Samuel Butler
Waste Land T.S. Eliot

/ FAMOUS BOOKS BY INDIAN AUTHORS \

Books Authors

Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
Arthashastra Kautilya
Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Ain-i-Akbari Abul Fazal
Asia and Western Dominance K.M. Pannikar
Bhagwat Geeta Maharishi Ved Vyas
Between the Lines Kuldip Naiyar
Ba Mulahaza Hoshiar Narendra Pal Singh
Broken Wing Sarojini Naidu
Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
Chidambara Sumitranandan Pant
Confession of a Lover Mulk Raj Anand
Continent of Circe Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Chinese Betrayal B.N. Mullick
Death of a City Amrita Pritam
Distant Neighbours Kuldip Naiyar
Durgesh Nandini Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Discovery of India J.L. Nehru
Divine Life Swami Sivananda
Gardener Rabindra Nath Tagore
Geet Govinda Jaidev
Glimpses of World History J.L. Nehru
Gora Rabindra Nath Tagore
Gul-e-Naghma Raghupati Sahai Firaq Gorakhpuri
Gana Devata Tara Shanker Bandhopadhyaya
Gitanjali Rabindra Nath Tagore
Godan Prem Chand
Guide R.K. Narayan
Harshacharita Bana Bhatta
Hindu View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Himalayan Blunder Brigadier J.P. Dalvi
Hungry Stones Rabindra NathTagore
India after Nehru Kuldip Naiyar
India Divided Rajendra Prasad
India Wins Freedom Abul Kalam Azad
India from Curzon to Nehru Durga Das
and After
I Am Not an Island K.A. Abbas
India, The Critical Years Kuldip Naiyar
India, The Wasted Years 1969-75 Rajinder Puri
I Follow the Mahatma K.M. Munshi
Judgement, The Kuldip Naiyar
Jobs for the Millions V.V. Giri

<rS>

Books <jzD Authors

Kamayani Jai Shanker Prasad
Kadambari Bana Bhatta
Life Divine Sri Aurobindo
My Experiments with Truth Mahatma Gandhi
Malati Madhav Bhavabhuti
My Life and Times V.V. Giri
Mahabharata Maharishi Ved Vyas
Meghdoot Kalidas
Mudra Rakshasa Vishakhadutta
Many Worlds K.P.S. Menon
Nisheeth Uma Shanker Joshi
Out of Dust D.F. Karaka
Panchtantra Vishnu Sharma
Prison and Chocolate Cake Nayantara Sehgal
Prison Diary Jaya Prakash Narayan
Post Office Rabindra Nath Tagore
Prem Pachisi Prem Chand
Ramayana Maharishi Balmiki
Ram Charita Manas Tulsidas
Raghuvansa Kalidas
Raj Tarangini Kalhan
Ratnavali Harsh Vardhan
Red Tape and White Cap P.V.R. Rao
Story of My Life Morarji Desai
Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar
Shakuntala Kalidas
Satyarth Prakash Swami Dayanand
Shri Ramayana Darshanam K.V. Puttappa
Saket Maithili Sharan Gupta
Shahnama Firdausi
Swapna Vasavadatta Bhasa
Two Leaves and a Bud Mulk Raj Anand
Untold Story General B.M. Kaul
Urvashi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
Uttara Ramcharita Bhavabhuti
Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai
Vish Vriksha Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Vande Mataram Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Wall of Glass, The K.A. Abbas
Witness to an Era Frank Moraes
War of Indian Independence Vir Savarkar
Yashodhara Maithili Sharan Gupta
Yesterday and Today K.P.S. Menon
Yayati V.S. Khandekar
Zulfi, My Friend Piloo Mody

/ IMPORTANT PLACES
(Indian and Foreign)
Place
Abu Simbal Location and Importance
Adam's Bridge
Agra Located on the bank of Nile river in Egypt, is known for the
Ajanta & Ellora ancient rock-cut temples by Ramesses II.
The 17-mile long bridge is only a line of rocks and sand-banks
Ajmer between Sri Lanka and India.
Alexandria Located on the bank of the Jamuna in U.P. is known for Taj
Mahal, Fort and Pearl Mosque.
Aliabet Located near Aurangabad in Maharashtra state are famous
Allahabad for the Buddhist cave temples which are ornamented with
sculptures carved with paintings.
Alwaye Located in Rajasthan is a pilgrim centre for Muslims. The
Amarnath tomb of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti is also located here.
Amritsar A renowned city and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander
Anand the Great^is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The
Anand Bhawan Pharos of Alexandria-a marble watch town and light house on
Aurangabad the island of Pharos in the harbour of Alexandria—is also
located here.
XAvadi Located near Bhavnagar in Gujarat state is the site of the first
offshore oil well in India.
Located in Uttar Pradesh is an important place of Hindu
pilgrimage for being the confluence of three rivers— the
Ganga, the Jamuna and the Saraswati.
Located in Kerala is known for the FACT unit manufacturing
fertilizers and Monazite factory.
Located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and situated at a
height of about 13000 feet is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre.
Located in Punjab is known for the Golden Temple and is
remembered for the Jalianwala Bagh Tragedy.
Located in Gujarat State is famous for co-operative milk-dairy,
AMUL butter and milk being the chief products.
Situated in Allahabad, residence of Pt. Moti Lai Nehru is now
dedicated to the Indian National Congress.
Located in Maharashtra state is famous for the tomb of
Aurangzeb and his wife.
Situated in Tamil Nadu is known for the location of
Government-owned heavy vehicles factory.

<176>

^/ac" Location and Importance
Ayodhya
It is located near Faizabad in U.P. Rama is the most important
Bangalore king associated with this place.
It is the capital of Karnataka state. Hindustan Aircraft Factory,
Barauni Indian Telephone Industries and H.M.T. factories are in this
town.
Bethlehem Situated in Bihar is known for a big oil refinery in public
Bhakra sector.
Bhilai It is in Israel and is the birth place of Jesus Christ.
It is in Punjab and is known for the Bhakra Dam.
Big Ben Situated in Madhya Pradesh is known for the big steel plant
set up with the assistance of Russia.
Bhubaneshwar It is the big clock installed in 1859 on the tower of British
Bokaro Parliament House building in London.
Bombay High The capital of Orissa is famous for Linga Raja Temple.
Buland Darwaza Situated in Bihar is known for the Steel Plant.
It is India's most promising off-shore oil area in Arabian Sea.
Cape Kennedy It is a gate way of Fatehpur Sikri in Agra and is known for its
height (176 feet).
Capitol, The Located in Florida (U.S.A.) is the missile launching centre and
headquarters of NASA.
Chandigarh Located in Washington houses the Senate (The Parliament of
Chittaranjan the United States of America).
Joint capital of Punjab and Haryana states.
Chittorgarh Situated in West Bengal is known for the manufacture of
railway locomotives.
Dayalbagh It is situated in Rajasthan and is known for Tower of Victory
which was built by Rana Kumbha.
Detroit It is in Agra and is famous as a religious and cultural seat of
the Hindus who believe in Radha Swami Sect.
Delhi It is a town in U.S.A. which is famous as the biggest car
manufacturing place in the world.
Dhariwal Old capital of India and is famous for its historical and
Digboi religious monuments.
Durgapur It is in Punjab and is famous for woollen goods.
Elephanta It is in Assam and is known for oil fields and oil refinery.
Located in West Bengal is famous for the steel plant.
Empire State It is an island in Bombay harbour and famous for rock-cut
Building caves.
Etna
Fatehpur Sikri Located in New York is one of the world's tallest buildings.

It is a volcano in Italy.

About 35 kms. from Agra in Uttar Pradesh is of tourist impor-
tance. The famous Buland Darwaza is located here.

<m>

Place Location and Importance
Ferozabad
Situated in Uttar Pradesh is known for the glass bangle
Ghazipur industry.
Gole Gumbuz A town in Uttar Pradesh is known for Government opium
Great Wall of factory.
China Located in Bijapur (Mysore) is the largest dome of the world.
It is known for the world famous Whispering Gallery.
Hague, The The 1500-mile long fortification in China running from Kansu
Haldia province to Hopeh province was built by the Chinese Emperor
Hanging Gardens Shih Hawang.
of Babylon It is in Netherlands and is famous for the seat of the
International Court of Justice.
Havana It is in West Bengal and is famous for oil refinery set up in
collaboration with Romania and France.
Jamshedpur One of the seven wonders of the world. These were first
planted in 603 B.C. by King Nebuchadnezzar and are located
Jerusalem 60 miles south of Baghdad.
It is the capital of Cuba and is known for the manufacture of
Jharia cigars.
Jog Falls An industrial centre situated in Bihar. Iron and steel industries
of the Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. are located here.
Kandla A place of pilgrimage for the Christians, Jews and Muslims. Al
Konark Aqsa Mosque and the Wailing Wall are located here.
Located in Bihar is famous for the coal industry.
Kremlin They are in Karnataka and are one of the highest waterfalls in
Ludhiana the world.
Madurai A major port in Gujarat and is famous for fertilizers.
Mahabalipuram Located near Puri in Orissa is known for Black Pagoda and
Sun Temple.
Mathura It is a large fortified citadel in Moscow. The Secretariat of the
Soviet Government is located here.
Mecca A town in Punjab is famous for hosiery, cycle and sewing
machine industries.
Monte Carlo A town in Tamil Nadu is famous for the Meenakshi Temple.
Mount Abu It is located near Madras and is famous for the rock-cut
Nepanagar temples. The famous Arjuna Ratha, Draupadi Ratha and
Dharmaraja chariot are also located here.
\Panna It is located near Agra in U.P., is famous for the birth place of
Lord Krishna.
It is in Saudi Arabia and is known for being the birth place of
Prophet Mohammed, the founder of Islam. It is a place of
pilgrim importance for the Muslims.
Located in France is known as a gambling centre.
It is in Rajasthan and is famous for Jain Temples.
It is in Madhya Pradesh and is known for the newsprint
factory which is owned by the Government.
Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for diamond mines

<m>

Place Location and Importance \
Perambur
Located near Madras in Tamil Nadu is known for Integral
Pimpri Coach Factory where passenger coaches are manufactured.
Pushkar Located in Maharashtra is known for the penicillin factory.
A lake in Rajasthan which is a place of pilgrimage of the
Rajghat Hindus.
Located on the bank of Jamuna in Delhi is the place where
Rishikesh Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was cremated in
January 1948.
Rourkela It is near Hardwar in Uttar Pradesh and is known for the
Sambhar antibiotic factory. Also a place of pilgrimage for Hindus.
Sanchi A town in Orissa is known for steel plant and fertilizer factory.
Sarnath It is a lake in Rajasthan which is famous for salt.
Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Buddhist Stupas.
Shanti Van It is near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and is a famous Buddhist
pilgrim centre. Deer Park and Ashoka Pillar are located here.
It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Pt. Jawahar Lai
Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India was cremated here in
May 1964.

Sindri It is an industrial town of Bihar. A fertilizer factory is located
here.
Sriharikota Located in Andhra Pradesh is famous as a satellite launching
centre.
Tarapore It is near Mumbai in Maharashtra and is known for India's
atomic power station.
Thumba Located in Chittor in Rajasthan was built by Rana Kumbha
in 1448 to commemorate his victory.
Ujjain An ancient city in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Mahabale-
shwar Temple.
Verrazano : The world's longest bridge (4260 feet) between Staten Island
and Brooklyn, New York.
Narrows Bridge Located in Calcutta was built in memory of Queen Victoria.
It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Lai Bahadur
Victoria Memorial : Shastri was cremated here in January 1966.
It is a big harbour on the eastern coast of India in Andhra
Vijay Ghat Pradesh and is famous for the ship building industry and oil
refinery.
Visakhapatnam Located in New York is U.S.A.'s important stock exchange
market.
Wall Street Official residence of the American President since 1800 A.D.
White House President John Adams was the first President of America to
live here.
Yellowstone : It is U.S.A.'s oldest and largest national park. The spectacular
falls and impressive canyons of the Yellow-stone River are
the maior attractions here.

INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS

Invention Inventor

Aeroplane Wright Brothers
Aniline Dyes Hoffmann
Air-brake (for rail-roads) George Westing-house
Anti-polio Vaccine Jonas E. Salk
Antiseptic Surgery Lord Joseph Lister
Atom Bomb Otto Hahn
Atom—breaking up the nucleus of an Rutherford
Atomic Clock Dr. Willard Frank Libby
Atomic Theory Dalton
Atomic Structure Bohr and Rutherford
Automobile Daimler
Barometer Torricelli
Balloon Montgolfier
Beri Beri—cause of Eijkman
Bicycle Macmillan
Blood Circulation Harvey
Blood Transfusion Land Steiner
Calculating Machine Pascal
Camera Zeiss
Cholera bacillus Robert Koch
Chloroform James Harrison and
James Simpson
Celluloid Parkes
Cinematography Thomas Edison
Cosmic Rays R.A. Millikan
Crescograph J.C. Bose
Crystal Dynamics C.V. Raman
Diesel Oil Engine Rudolf Diesel
Drinker's Chamber Dr. Philip Drinker
Dynamite Alfred Nobel
Dynamo Michael Faraday
Electric Battery Volta
Electric Attraction—Fundamental, Law of Coulomb
Electric Lamp Edison
Electrical Energy—Measurements of Joule, James Prescott
Electrical Resistance—Law of Ohm

Invention Inventor

Electricity Current Volta
Electrons—Discovery of J.J. Thomson
Electron Theory Bohr
Fick's Law Fick
Evolution—Theory of Charles Darwin
Fountain Pen Waterman
Film and Photographic goods Kodak
Gas Engine Daimler
Gramophone Thomas Edison
Gravitation—Laws of Newton
Glider George Cayley
Helicopter Igor Ivan Sikorsky— 1939
Heredity—Laws of Gregor Mendel
Homoeopathy Hahnemann
Hovercraft Cockerell
Hydrogen Cavendish
Hydrophobia Louis Pasteur
Incandescent Bulb Edison
Insulin (as a palliative for diabetes) F. Banting
Intelligence Tests Binet
Iron Lung Dr. Philip Drinker
Jet Propulsion Frank Whittle
Kala-azar Fever U.N. Brahmachari
Laughing Gas Priestley
Lever—Principle of
(and of Specific Gravity) Archimedes
Life Boat Henry Greathead
Lift (Power Elevator) Otis
Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin
Logarithms John Napier
Lenses Zeiss
Machine Gun Dr. Gattling
Magazine of Rifle Mauser
Malaria Parasite Dr. Ronald Ross
Manufacture of Washing Soda Laplanc

/ Invention Inventor

Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Joule
Edison
Megaphone Maria Montessori
Hideki Yukawa
'Montessori' method of teaching children David Edward Hughes—1878
Janssen (improved by Galileo)
Meson Morse
Swinton
Microphone Newton
Dalton
Microscope Charles Darwin
W. Ramsay
Morse System of Electric Telegraphy Chadwick
Otto Hahn
Military tank W.H. Carothers
Shalimar
Motion—Law of Alexander Fleming
Mendeleev
Multiple Proportions—Laws of Edison
A. Becquerel
Natural Selection—Laws of L. Daguerre
Gabriel Lippman
Neon—gas George Eastman
Edgerton
Neutron N.R. Finsen
Dunlop
Nuclear Fission Cartwright
Cutenberg
Nylon Dr. Sigmund Freud
Max Planck
Paints Madam Joliot and Irene Curie
A. Henry Becquerel
Penicillin Robert Watson Watt
Marconi
Periodic Law Lee De Forest
Alexanderson
Phonograph

Photo-electric-cell-Theory of

Photography

Photography (coloured)

Photography (Roll Films)

Photography (Under-sea)

Phototherapy

PneumaticTyre

Power loom

Printing Press

Psycho-analysis

Quantum Theory

Radio-activity Artificial

Radio-activity of Uranium

Radar

Radio

XRadio Telephone <182>
Radio Transmitter

Invention Inventor

Radium Madame Curie
Railway Engine Stephenson
Relativity—Theory of A. Einstein
Heart Transplantation Christiaan Barnard
Revolver Colt
Safety Lamp (Miner's) Humphrey Davy
Safety Razor Gillette
Salk Vaccine (Anti-polio) Dr. James E. Salk
Seismograph Robert Mallet
Sewing Machine Elias Howe
Space Flying Dr. Wernher Von Brown
Sextant John Hadley
Steam Boat Fulton
Steam Engine James Watt
Steel Smelting Process Sir Henry Bessemer
Stethoscope Laennec
Submarine John P. Holland—1875
Streptomycin Waksman
Sulpha drugs G. Domagk
Talkies Lee De Forest
Telephone A. Graham Bell
Telescope Hans Lippershey—1608
Telescope (Reflecting) Newton
Television Apparatus J.L. Baird
Thermometer Fahrenheit
Vacuum Flask (Trade Name Thermos Flask) James Dewar
Torpedo Robert Whitehead
Transistor W. Shockley
Tubercle Baccilli Koch
Typewriter Sholes
Uranium A. Henry Becquerel
Vaccination (Smallpox) Edward Jenner
Vitamins Funk
Vitamin D F.C. Hopkins
Rubber, Vulcanising Good Year
Wireless Telegraphy Marconi
X-ray Roentgen
Yellow fever—Causes of Reed

/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES \

Amundsen Discovered South Pole in 1911.
Neil Armstrong First person to set foot on the moon on July 21, 1969.
Byrd Flew over the North Pole in 1926 and over the South
Pole in 1929. Discovered Edsel Ford mountains and
Captain Cook Morie Byrd Land.
Columbus Discovered Sandwich now called Hawaiian Isles
David Livingstone in 1770.
Edmund Hillary Discovered West Indies in 1492 and South America
in 1498.
Ferdinand de Lesseps Discovered the Victoria Falls, Lake Nyasa in Africa and
Kepler Johannes course of the Zambezi
Lindberg Joint conqueror of Mount Everest with Tenzing. In a
Magellan Trans-Atlantic expedition he reached South Pole on
January 3, 1958.
Marco Polo Conceived the plan of the Suez Canal which was
Nausen completed in 1869 through his efforts.
Robert Peary Discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion in 1609.
Shackleton Made the first solo-flight across the Atlantic from New
Sven Hedin York to Paris in 1927.
Commanded the first expedition in 1519 to sail round
Tasman the world and discovered a passage to the Pacific from
Tenzing the Atlantic through the straits.
Vasco da Gama Explored China, India, South eastern countries and
published the record of his various explorations.
Explored across Green land and reached the highest
altitude in the North Polar Region till then attained.
First person to reach the North Pole in 1909.
An Arctic explorer who reached within 100 miles of the
South Pole.
A Swedish explorer who contributed to the geographic
and archaeological knowledge of the large areas of
Central Asia.
A Dutch navigator who discovered Tasmania and New
Zealand in 1642.
The first Sherpa to reach Mount Everest on May 29,
1953 along with Edmund Hillary.
A Portuguese navigator who rounded the Cape of Good
Hope and discovered the sea route to India in 1498.

(T§4)

/ SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE \
Altimeter Measures altitudes in an aircraft.

Ammeter Measures electrical currents in amperes.

Anemometer Measures the force and velocity of wind.

Audiometer Measures intensity of sound.

Audiophone Improves imperfect sense of hearing.

Barometer Measures the atmosphere pressure.

Callipers A compass with legs measuring the inside or outside

diameter of bodies.

Calorimeter Measures quantities of heat.

Carburettor Charges air with petrol vapours in an internal

combustion engine.

Cardiogram Traces the movements of the heart.

Chronometer It is kept on board ships to measure accurate time.

Cinematograph It consists of a series of lenses arranged to throw on a

screen an enlarged image of photographs.

Compass Needle It is used for knowing approximately the North-South

direction of a place.

Crescograph It is used for recording the growth of plants.

Drinker's Appartus Helps in breathing in infantile paralysis.

Dynamo It generates electricity.

Electro encephalograph It is the technique of recording and interpreting the

(EEC) electrical activity of the brain

Epidiascope It is used for projecting films as well as images of

opaque articles on a screen.

Fathometer It is used for measuring depth of the ocean.

Gramophone A machine that reproduces sound.

Hydrometer It is used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.

Hydrophone It is used for recording sound under water.

Hygrometer It is used for measuring humidity in air.

Kymograph It is used to record graphically physiological
movements, i.e., blood pressure, heart beating, study of

\ lungs etc. in living beings.

(185)

/ Lactometer It is used for measuring the purity of milk.
It is used to guide the sailors. Its needle always points
Mariner's Compass North-South.
A micrometer is an instrument for measuring very small
Micrometer distance and angles.
Microphones are used in Radio and Television
Microphone broadcasting.
It is an optical instrument for magnifying objects.
Microscope It is used to record the distance covered by wheeled
Odometer vehicles.
It is a umbrella-shaped safety device used in an
Parachute emergency by the passengers of an aircraft or by
paratroops during war.
Pipette It is a glass tube with which a definite volume of liquid
can be transferred.
Radar It is used to detect the direction of an approaching
aeroplane by means of radio micro-waves.
Rain Gauge It is an apparatus to record rainfall at a particular place.
Saccharimeter It is an instrument to determine the amount of sugar
in a solution.
Seismograph It is an instrument to record earthquake shocks.
Sextant A sextant is an instrument for finding latitude.
Stethoscope It is an instrument to hear and analyse the movements
of heart and lungs.
Stop Watch It is used to record small intervals of time.
Tachometer It is an instrument to determine speeds of aeroplanes
and motor-boats.
Teleprinter It is an instrument which prints automatically messages
sent from one place to another on telegraph lines.
Telescope It is an apparatus used for observing distant objects.
Clinical Thermometer It is an apparatus used for measuring temperature of
the human body.

<186>

/ STATES OF INDIA \

States Capitals
Hyderabad
1. Andhra Pradesh Itanagar
Dispur
2. Arunachal Pradesh Patna
Delhi*
3. Assam Panaji
Gandhi Nagar
4. Bihar Chandigarh
5. Delhi* Shimla
Srinagar
6. Goa Bangalore
7. Gujarat Thiruvanathapuram
Bhopal
8. Haryana Mumbai
Imphal
9. Himachal Pradesh Shillong
Aizawl
10. Jammu and Kashmir Kohima
Bhubaneshwar
11. Karnataka Chandigarh
Jaipur
12. Kerala Gangtok
Chennai
13. Madhya Pradesh Agartala
Lucknow
14. Maharashtra Kolkata

15 Manipur Raipur
Ranchi
16. Meghalaya Dehradun

17. Mizoram Capitals
Port Blair
18. Nagaland Chandigarh
Silvassa
19. Orissa Daman
Kavaratti
20. Punjab Pondicherry
(Punducherry)
21. Rajasthan

22. Sikkim

23. Tamilnadu

24. Tripura

25. Uttar Pradesh

26. West Bengal

New States
27. Chhatisgarh
28. Jharkhand

29. Uttranchal

UNION TERRITORIES

Union Territories

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands

2. Chandigarh

3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli

4. Daman and Diu

65.. Lakshadweep
Pondicherry

<187>

/ C OCUUNRTRREINECSI, ENSA&TICOANPAILTIATLIESS, \

COUNTRY (ASIA)

NATIONALITY CURRENCY CAPITAL

Afghanistan Afghan afghani Kabul
Bahraini dinar Manama
Bahrain (^T) Bangladeshi taka Dhaka
Bhutani ngultrum Thimphu
Bangladesh («HlcHI<^l) Chinese yuan Beijing
Cypriot Cyprus pound Nicosia
Bhutan (<3?R) Indian rupee New Delhi
China (^Hl) Indonesian rupiah Jakarta
Iranian rial Tehran
Cyprus ('MISSJ'H) Iraqi dinar Baghdad
Israeli shekel Jerusalem
India (Ifew) Japanese yen Tokyo
Jordanian dinar Amman
Indonesia (sj-^RKII) Kazakhstani tenge Alma-ata Akmola
North Korean won(KPW) Pyongyang
Iran ( t r R ) South Korean won (KRW) Seoul
Kuwaiti dinar Kuwait
Iraq (tn^) Laotian kip Vientiane
Lebanese pound Beirut
Israel Malaysian ringgit Kuala Lumpur
Maldivian rufiyaa Male
Japan (vHNIH) Mongolian tugrik Ulaan Bator
Nepali rupee Kathmandu
Jordan (W^T) Omani rial Muscat
Pakistani rupee Islamabad
Kazakhstan (cbvHlftvMH) Qatari riyal Doha
Saudi Arabian rial (SAR) Riyadh
North Korea (HiaJ chlRill) Filipino or piso Manila
Philippine
South Korea (-HIvJSM chlRill) Singaporean
Sri Lankan
Kuwait (ffcl) Syrian pound

Laos (eTTSITft)

Lebanon (^HIH)

Malaysia (Hc^RlAll)

Maldives (HldftcH)

Mongolia

Nepal (AMM)

Oman (3?RFT)

Pakistan (mfcbwiH)

Qatar (c^ex)

Saudi Arabia VM^RIAI )

Philippines ( f q ^ F H )

Singapore (RHII^) dollar Singapore
Sri Lanka (^hcichi) rupee Colombo
Syria (faffcn) Syrian pound Damascus

> (188) '

Taiwan (dl^clH) Taiwanian dollar Taipei
Tajikistan Tajik tajik rouble Dushanbe
Thailand (vJuHRb+dM) Thai baht Bangkok
Turkey (RWdHm) Turk; Turkish turkish lira Ankara
United Arab Emirates dirham Abu Dhabi
Emirates (TO)
Uzbekistan Uzbekistani som (UKS) Tashkent
Vietnam Hanoi
Yemen Vietnamese dong Sarfa
Russia Moscow
Yemeni riyal (YER)
Algiers
Russian rouble Luanda
Gaborone
(AFRICA) Ouagadougou
Bujumbura
Algeria 3TffTen) Algerian dinar Yaounde
Angola «Ml<r<HcJM|) Angolan kwanza Praia
Botswana Botswana pula
Burkina Faso wft) Burkinan franc CFA Bangui
Burundi Burundian burundi franc
Cameroon chH^H) Cameroonian franc CFA N'Djamena
Cape Verde cfnr crsf) Cape Verdean cape verde Brazzaville
escudo Djibouti
Central African Central African franc CFA Cairo
Malabo
Republic RqRdcb) Chadian franc CFA
Congolese franc CFA Asmara
Chad W Djiboutian djibouti franc Libreville
Congo (ctfRft) Egyptian pound Banjul
Equatorial franc CFA Accra
Djibouti Guinean Conakry
Eritrean ethiopian birr Bissau
Egypt Gabonese franc CFA Nairobi
Gambian dalasi Maseru
Equatorial Ghanian cedi Monrovia
Guinean guinean franc
Guinea Guinean peso (GWP)
Kenyan kenya shilling
Eritrea Lesothonian loti
Liberian liberian dollar
Gabon ('win)
<189>
Gambia (Jlfi^AJI)

Ghana ("STHT)

Guinea

Guinea Bissau

Kenya (^WJI)

Lesotho

XLiberia (dl^^Rill)

/ (MdiPm) Madagascan malagasy franc Antananarivo
Madagascar (iftffefara) Malawian kwacha (MWK) Lilongwe
Malawi (Tfl^) Malian franc CFA Bamako
Mali Mauritanian ouguiya Nouakchott
Mauritania < Hl^vH^) Mauritian mauritius rupee Port Louis
Mauritius (HljvflRm) Moroccan dirham (MAD) Rabat
Morocco (ycl^l) Mozambican metical Maputo
Mozambique Niger-Congo franc CFA Niamey
Niger ftHflljq) Nigerian naira Abuja
Nigeria Rwandan rwanda franc Kigali
Rwanda ('AVIWH) dobra Sao Tome
Sao Tome & Senegalese
Principe ("HMiM 3UI>W>l) Seychelleois franc CFA Dakar
Senegal Somalian Seychelles rupee Victoria
Seychelles South African somali shilling Mogadishu
Somalia rand Pretoria,
South Africa Cape Town
Sudanese sudanese pound/ Khartoum
Sudan
dinars Dodoma
Tanzania
(dHvHlPfill) Tanzanian tanzanian shilling

(NORTH AMERICA)

Antigua & ( ^ y a n Tying Antiguan east Caribbean St. John's
dollar
Barbuda bahamian dollar Nassau
barbados dollar Bridgetown
Bahamas Bahamian belize dollar Belmopan
Canadian dollar Ottawa
Barbados Barbadian cuba peso Havana
dollar Roseau
Belize Belizean peso oro Santo Domingo
dollar St. George's
Canada (ebHkSl) Canadian quetzal Guatemala City
gourde Port-au-Prince
Cuba (cJ^T) Cuban lempira Tegucigalpa
dollar Kingston
Dominica (^flPlfrl) Dominican

Dominican Rep. ( ^ P l c M f f r . ) Dominican

Grenada (t^T^l) Grenadian

Guatemala ('dl^Hldl) Guatemalan

Haiti Haitian

Honduras Honduran

Jamaica Jamaican

> (190) '

/ Mexican peso Mexico City \
Mexico Nicaraguan cordoba Managua
Nicaragua (P|cbKIJJ3n) Panamanian balboa Panama City
Panama (mhihi) Caribbean dollar Castries
St. Lucia ("#5 cjR^l) Trinidadian dollar Port of Spain
Trinidad & (1MRR XTTTg
Tobago riT^'ll) American dollar Washington, D.C.
United States (^Hl^-s!
of America
(SOUTH AMERICA)
Argentina
Bolivia Argentinian peso Buenos Aires
Brazil La Paz, Sucre
Chile (sflcflEim) Bolivian boliviano Brasilia
Colombia (sJlvjfplcH) Santiago
Ecuador (xJl^d) Brazilian real Bogota
Guyana (cblcilf^ill) Quito
Paraguay (TJ3THT) Chilean Chilean peso Georgetown
Surinam Asuncion
Uruguay C^H^dl) Colombian peso Paramaribo
Venezuela Montevideo
Ecuadorean sucre Caracas
Australia
Fiji Guyanese dollar
Marshall Is.
Micronesia Paraguayan guarani
Solomon Is.
Nauru Surinamese guilder
New Zealand
Tonga Uruguayan peso

Venezuelan bolivar

(OCEANIA)

(3ll^fcHA||) Australian dollar Canberra
(IWft) Suva
(HiyTcH 3TH?.) Fijian dollar Dalap-Uliga-Darrit
Palikir
(Hl^) Marshallese dollar Honiara
(-ilyTlelu^) No official capital
(dHIl) Micronesian dollar Wellington
Nuku'alofa
S. Islander dollar

Nauruan dollar

New Zealander dollar

Tongan pa'anga

(EUROPE)

Albania Albanian lek Tirana
Andorra Andorran franc/peseta
Austria (dkSlVl) Austrian schilling Andorre la Vella
Belarus (^iR-diJl) Belorussian rouble
(cldl-M-l) Vienna
\
Minsk /.

Belgium Belgian franc Brussels
Sofia
Bulgaria (<s|eHlR*Jl) Bulgarian lev Zagreb
Prague
Croatia (fbll^ian) Croatian kuna Copenhagen
Tallinn
Czech Republic Czechs koruna Helsinki
Paris
Denmark (^HHli) Dane/Danish krone Berlin, Bonn
Athens
Estonia Estonian kroon Budapest
Reykjavik
Finland ((ihHclu-d) Finnish markka Dublin
Rome
France (wRl) French franc Riga
Vaduz
Germany (Tiptft) German deutsche mark Vilnius
Luxembourg
Greece (IfRr) Greek drachma Valletta
Monaco
Hungary (FT^f) Hungarian forint Amsterdam
Oslo
Iceland ( y i s ^ i ^ ) Icelander krona Warsaw
Lisbon
Ireland (ail^cHM) Irishman pound Bucharest
San Marino
Italy Italian lira Ljubljana
Madrid
Latvia (elrifclill) Latvian lats Stockholm
Berne
Liechtenstein ( h i ^ h - w i ^ h ) Liechtensteiner franc Kiev
London
Lithuania (fcH^aiiPiiii) Lithuanian litas Belgrade

Luxembourg Luxembourger franc

Malta (Hlcril) Maltese lira

Monaco (H^chl) Monegasque franc

Netherlands Dutch guilder

Norway Norwegian krone

Poland (M^u-d) Pole/Polish zloty

Portugal Portuguese escudo

Romania (^HlPKJl) Romanian lei

San Marino ^RWl) San Marinese lira

Slovenia (wife) Pi ill) Slovenian tolar

Spain (*5VSSH) Spanish peseta
Sweden Swedish krona (SEK)

Switzerland (R-cldvHy^l-d) Swiss franc

Ukraine (^MH) Ukrainian karbovanets

United Kingdom ( ^ h i ^ British pound sterling

Yugoslavia (^ilwiRiiii) Yugoslavian new dinar

ARORA'S