FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium 2021

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

RESEARCH ON THE RELATED EFFECTS BETWEEN THE
GOVERNANCE OF LOCAL OFFICIALS AND OPTIMIZATION OF

INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE IN CHINA

LE XIAOBING
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

How to promote the upgrading of industrial structure has been the focus of academic attention. Scholars
have analyzed the impact of financial market development, foreign direct investment and other factors
on the upgrading of regional industrial structure, but seldom involved in the role of local government.
According to new structural economics, the upgrading of industrial structure in developing countries
has a priori information, and local governments have the advantage of total information compared with
enterprises, so they can formulate reasonable industrial policies and guide the upgrading of regional
industrial structure. Therefore, how do local officials influence the optimization and upgrading of the
industrial structure? How effective is it? What impact will it have under the circumstances of official
turnover? This is exactly the problem that this article wants to research. This study intends to conduct
research on the following two topics, and the specific research contents are as follows:
Session 1: Evaluation of optimization and upgrade of industrial structure. The evaluation of regional
industrial structure optimization is the core problem of the theoretical research of industrial structure
optimization, and it is also a difficult problem of the theoretical research.
Session 2: The Relevant Effects of the Replacement of Local Officials and the Optimization and
Upgrading of the Industrial Structure. To predict how the replacement of local officials will affect the
optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, it is necessary to analyze and understand the
mechanism behind the impact.
Keywords: Local Officials, Industrial Structure, China

151

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
AND THE VOLUME OF IMPORTS IN OECD COUNTRIES

NORAZEAN BINTI RASIT
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigates the relationship between the volume of imports and
environmental regulation among OECD countries and prove the existence of Pollution Haven
Haypothesis (PHH) in OECD countries. Findings were derived from the analysis of secondary data on
panel data from 2002 to 2020 by using the Chow test and Hausman Test. Provide information on how
the volume of imports dealts with environmnetal regulation and proved that there has the existence of
Pollution Haven Hypothesis in OECD countries. The paper concentrates on the relationship between
the volume of imports with environmental regulation in OECD countries where environmental
performance index was used and may not be suitable in other jurisdiction. This paper provides
information on how a country involved can prepare for a crisis besides to address the issues arises and
find the solution how to overcome the issues. The paper is differing from previous studies which focus
on OECD member countries and using other variable for environmental regulation.
Keywords: Pollution Haven Hypothesis, Environmental regulation, Fixed effect, Pollution Migration,

152

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

AN INVESTIGATION ON HOUSEHOLD LIVING WAGE: CASE
STUDY IN KOTA KINABALU, SABAH

CYREEL OVYENNE ONEH
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

The rising cost of living poses difficulties for households to maintain an adequate standard of living.
This study aims to investigate the living wage of household in Kota Kinabalu and to determine the
factors that influence the living wage. This study employs a quantitative approach strategy in which
self-developed questionnaires are distributed to respondents around Kota Kinabalu. Descriptive
analysis was used to describe the demographic profile of respondents, the living wage calculation
applied the Anker Formula, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) are used to determine the relationship
between the variables. The pilot study results indicates that the total living wage needed for the
household with different number of full-time workers is slightly different. The total living wage needed
for the household with one full-time worker was RM1,484.36 monthly, RM1,713.13 monthly for the
two full-time workers household and at least RM1,050.25 monthly for the three full-time worker
household. The result also shows that housing cost, transportation cost, number of full-time worker and
savings are the factors that influence the living wage in Kota Kinabalu. This study can aid urban
policymakers or planners in developing programmes or reviewing policies that will help Kota Kinabalu
to overcome urban poverty concerns and improve the quality of life in Sabah. This study also helps
authorities to come up with financial schemes or poverty-eradication initiatives that will ease the burden
of people living in cities. This study also relevant in raising awareness about the concept of a living
wage. This study does not define the overall living wage in whole Sabah as it only takes place in Kota
Kinabalu city centre, Sepanggar, Menggatal, Likas, Inanam, Luyang, Kepayan, and Tanjung Aru.
Further research could be extended to different area across the country.
Keywords: cost of living; households; standard of living; living wage; Anker Formula

153

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

INTERNET AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

MA WEIYUAN
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

The current study is aimed to examine the relationship between Internet and economic development. It
is critical to examine the various degrees of contribution to economic growth caused by varying levels
of effective Internet use in different locations. A complete set of data received from collecting data and
analyzed by Econometrics Views. The research will make use of GDP, regional GDP, the Human
Development Index, and the degree of effective Internet use. It will examine the effects on economic
development of different levels of effective Internet use in the same country across time. It will compare
how economic development differs in locations with varying degrees of effective Internet use. It will
compare the positive effects of increasing effective Internet use on development and economic growth.
Economic development in the same region was faster in years with high levels of effective Internet
usage and slower in years with low levels of effective Internet use. Furthermore, economic development
is faster in locations with high levels of effective Internet use. Economic development is slower in areas
with low levels of effective Internet use. The extent to which the Internet is used effectively. The study
suggests that increasing the efficient usage of the Internet in less developed countries will result in great
development and economic progress. The study offers some suggestions for boosting the economy of
underdeveloped regions.
Keywords: Internet, economic development

154

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

IMPACT OF POPULATION AGEING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
PRODUCTIVITY

NUR NAZIHAH BINTI SULAIMAN
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

Economic growth is the process whereby the output of economic goods and services
increases from one period to another. As a result of this process, a nation's wealth grows over
time, resulting in an increased profit for industries. Labour productivity is commonly taken
as the general measurement for productivity as the output produced is proportionate with the
input acquired through the labour force. As such, labour productivity is determined through
the value added per every hour worked by the labour force. Population ageing is defined as
changes in the age structure of the population that lead to a rise in the proportion of elderly
people. Elder shares are increasing globally as a result of declining fertility, increasing
longevity, and the progression of large-sized cohorts to older ages. Literature in the topic of
research on social gerontology and economics indicates that population ageing is an
international concern and that it holds an economic impact. The proposed research aims to
examine the issues related to population ageing influences on economic growth and
productivity in Malaysia, and otherwise factors that influence the ageing population labour
participation consequently the interference of government policies.
Keywords: Population Ageing, Economic Growth, Productivity

155

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

EXPLORING THE GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES AND
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AMONG TEACHERS IN PUBLIC

SCHOOLS IN SABAH

JASMIN BT ABD SANI
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Abstract
Nowadays when we talk about motivation the turnover rate it not what we are concern more as the
demand always meet by our market but how strictly people tied to the position as there are mostly value
their comfort zone. In Malaysia especially when people have the tendency to stay with the employment
even though without strong passion to perform the task eventually this will be brought to various issues
related with their performance, disciplines and etc., here where motivation play biggest role in
continuously leading employee to perform. Therefore the important every school needs to determine
the motivation factor for all the teachers. This paper segregates each individual teacher by their age
group, which is Boomers, Generation X, Quantitative approach with self-administered questionnaire
method has been employed for data collection of this study. This study expected to reveal every
generation will show some differences in their Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation factors. Recommended
would be provide to public school in modulate their operations and procedures to properly satisfy four
distinct groups of generations. The proposed method is a mixed-method research design. In phase 1,
the study will conceptualize the various motivational tools among different generation while in phase
2, the study will examine the relationship between motivation and employee well-being.
Keywords: Employee motivation, Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, generation age differences.

156

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

MACROECONOMIC CAN LEAD THE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN
MALAYSIA

NURSHAHIEDA EDDIE
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstrack

This paper aim to investigate the macroeconomic factor that influence youth unemployment in Malaysia
from 1960-2020. This study need to see if inflation, foreign direct invesment. Population, exchange rate.
Gross domestic product and economy growth can influence the youth unemployment in malaysia. The
aigmented dickey fuller (ADF) and phillips parron will assign to check the stationarity of time series
data. Autoregressve Lag Dosyribution, ordinary lrast square,VECM and VAR to test the relationship
between an unemplpyment among youth in Malaysia and macroeconomic factor.

157

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ON ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF
ENTERPRISE BIG DATA ASSETS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ERA

Deng Ying
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
This study takes the accounting treatment of big data assets as the research content, analyzes the
definition and characteristics of big data assets, the current situation and existing problems of
accounting treatment of big data assets, and puts forward the recognition, measurement, presentation
and disclosure methods of big data assets. Appropriate accounting information disclosure can help
report users correctly judge the real value of enterprise big data assets, Reduce information asymmetry.
At the same time, it can also help enterprises recognize the potential value of big data assets and the
importance of follow-up operation management, so as to improve their competitiveness and promote
the development of big data market and even digital economy. Literature review, combined with
practical problems, planning research objectives, sort out the definition of data assets by domestic and
foreign institutions, experts and scholars, design questionnaires, collect data and clarify the difficulties
in accounting treatment of big data assets, research on the accounting methods of big data assets, and
put forward suggestions for accounting treatment in recognition, measurement, presentation and
disclosure, case study and qualitative analysis, and summarize and put forward improvement
suggestions. Starting with the definition of data assets, this study deeply discusses the accounting
recognition, measurement and disclosure of data assets, analyzes the marketization path of data assets
based on the accounting value management process, and puts forward a series of targeted suggestions
to further promote the marketization of data assets and improve the data assets trading mechanism, In
order to reduce the degree of information asymmetry inside and outside the enterprise and improve the
relevance of accounting information.. This research systematically puts forward the methods of big data
asset recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure, provides some suggestions for the
theoretical research of big data asset accounting treatment, and promotes the development of big data
asset accounting research to a certain extent. The suggestions on accounting treatment of big data assets
put forward in this study can help report users correctly judge the real value of enterprise big data assets
and reduce information asymmetry. At the same time, it can also help enterprises recognize the potential
value of big data assets, so as to enhance their competitiveness.

Keywords: Big Data Assets, Accounting Treatment, Digital Economy

158

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Research on the Transformation of Enterprise Accounting Analysis in the
Big Data Environment

Huang Hui
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia

Abstract
In the era of big data, the accounting departments of enterprises are faced with the problem of processing
and analyzing massive data, and the existing analysis technology is difficult to meet the demand. Using
big data technology to mine, sort out and analyze accounting big data solves the problems of single
accounting analysis information, lack of resources and lagging decision-making, The establishment of
big data accounting analysis platform can not only realize the sharing of industry data at home and
abroad, timely access to macro and micro policy information, but also realize real-time decision-making
and future trend analysis, improve the efficiency and influence of accounting analysis, and provide
strong support for managers' scientific decision-making. Literature review, combined with practical
problems, planning research objectives, data collection and model building, function and structure
design of Accounting data analysis platform, function and structure development of Accounting data
analysis platform, testing and Implementation, collect and sort out the evaluation data for qualitative
analysis, summarize and put forward suggestions for improvement. A new method of accounting
analysis is obtained. Build a platform for big data accounting analysis. Introduce a company case to test
the above analysis methods and the above accounting analysis platform. The accounting analysis
platform based on big data can theoretically realize the comprehensive innovation of enterprise financial
analysis, further improve the traditional accounting analysis system, improve the accounting analysis
index system, and further strengthen the effectiveness of financial decision-making and prediction
information
Keywords: Accounting Analysis, Transformation, Big Data

159

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Tax Compliance Intention: A Mediating Role of Tax Knowledge Among
Individual Taxpayers In Malaysia

Mohaneswari a/p Renganathan
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the tax compliance intention of individual tax residents in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). TPB asserts that there are
three components to behaviour: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Based
on the components, three determinants are developed to study tax compliance intention: taxpayer
morale, trust in government and taxation socialization. Taxpayer knowledge will further mediate the
relationships between these determinants on tax compliance intention. This study will collect survey
data from 384 respondents in Kuala Lumpur in November 2021. This study will use convenience
sampling for determining respondents from taxpayers and data will be analysed using regression
analysis. Cronbach’s alpha test will be used to check the validity and reliability of the data set. The
results of the study is expected to reveal that the determinants have a significant effect on taxpayer
compliance intention.Tax knowledge is commonly researched as the independent variable. Hence, as a
mediator in this study, it will add to the existing literatures on tax knowledge. The findings of this study
would be useful for the government to improve the present tax system to increase voluntary tax
compliance.
Keywords: Tax compliance intention, theory of planned behaviour, tax morale, trust in
government, tax socialization and tax knowledge

160

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Research on the Impact of Equity Incentives on Corporate Financial
Accounting performance——An Empirical Analysis Based on China's A-

Share Private Enterprises

Zhao Zeyi
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia

Abstract
As an end-result of surrendering some portion of their value stake in the firm, investors hope to get
several advantages from giving their worker's investment opportunities, including decreased office
expenses and larger amounts of motivations, just as enrolling and maintenance benefits. While financial
hypothesis proposes that choice based motivating forces will be utilized until they achieve the point
where their minimal advantage rises to their minor costs, it isn't evident that this harmony is
continuously acquired by and by. Notwithstanding the likelihood that administrators may utilize their
capacity to extricate financial rents, the trouble of anticipating and measuring the expected advantages
from alternatives infers a misty connection between investment opportunity motivating forces and firm
execution. Utilizing a wide assortment of strategies, earlier research gives blended proof on the
connection between value-based impetuses and firm performance. This paper observationally
investigates the connection between alternative based motivations and firm execution for both official
and non-official workers. The utilization of alternatives as a technique to give motivators has created
extensive debate. Later colossal development in the utilization of alternatives has enhanced this
contention. Such development incorporates the number of firms conceding choices, the number and
estimation of choices without a doubt, and how far down the hierarchical stepping stool they are
conceded. The appropriate response as to whether investors benefit when employees exploit
investments is of basic significance to issues identifying with corporate administration, money related
detailing, and administrative policies.
Keywords: Corporate Financial Accounting Performance, Financial Accounting, Equity Incentives,
China's A-Share Private Enterprises

161

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Research on the Influence of Public Cognition on Corporate
Environmental Information Disclosure

Luo XiaoBin
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the role of public Cognition on corporate Environmental
Information Disclosure and its impact path. To provide practical and strategic suggestions for
government regulatory departments and Corporate environmental information management and
promote the development of Corporate environmental information disclosure. The study design of this
study includes literature method, questionnaire survey method, panel data and statistical analysis
method. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the effect of public cognition on enterprise
environment information disclosure and its influence path. Panel data will be used to construct
environmental information disclosure index to measure the quality of environmental information
disclosure. STATA14.0 and multiple regression analysis were used to test the influence of public
cognition and corporate environmental information disclosure. Public cognition is introduced into the
study of corporate environmental information disclosure, and the analysis perspective of influencing
factors of corporate environmental information disclosure is expanded. From the perspective of social
science, this paper defines the concept of public cognition and puts forward some suggestions on the
disclosure of enterprise environmental information. Different definitions of public cognition and
regional differences may result in inapplicability to regional results with large differences. Different
measurement methods of corporate environmental information disclosure quality will result in different
results. The rationality of questionnaire design needs to be studied. The theoretical analysis system
and empirical analysis system between public cognition and key information disclosure are established
to test the role and influence path of public cognition on environmental information disclosure. Guide
Corporates to pay attention to environmental information disclosure from the perspective of public
cognition.
Keywords: Public Cognition, Environmental Information, China

162

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Research and Analyses on Big Data in Accounting for Professional Group
Talent Training

Deng Chunjuan
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.

Abstract
As an important modern service industry, accounting provides indispensable financial support for
industrial development and transformation and upgrading. The development of high-end industry needs
the help of efficient finance, and the formation of high-end industry can not be separated from the
support of high-level finance. A new round of technological and industrial revolution is coming, with
the emergence of a new generation of information technologies such as cloud computing, big data,
electronic invoicing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, data mining and mobile payment, it has brought
a huge impact on the traditional accounting industry, and its demand and dependence on intelligent
accounting are even stronger, more reliable real-time business accounting, more standardized data
management, more accurate financial analysis, more efficient and useful decision support. The study
aims at the talent demand of the Post Group corresponding to the specialty group, reconstructs the
curriculum system, carries on the teacher training, advances the practice base construction, innovates
the talent training mode, formulates the talent training plan, raises the new skill talent. Literature review,
combined with practical problems, planning research objectives; Design the questionnaire, collect the
data, and formulate the talent training objectives, construction of specialty group curriculum system,
research on teacher training path, integration of big data production and education and construction of
practice base, construction of talent training mode, quality and effect of personnel training and
summarize and put forward improvement suggestions. In view of the demand for talents needed by the
post group corresponding to the professional group, the course system is reconstructed, the teacher
training is carried out, the practice base is promoted, the talent training mode is innovated, the talent
training scheme is formulated, and the new-type skilled talents are trained
Keywords: Big Data, the Accounting Profession, Personnel Training

163

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Organizational Change : A Case Study of Indonesia Microfinance
Institutions

Kgs. M. Nurkholis
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
This purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the success of changes in sharia
microfinance institutions in Indonesia from the aspects of operations, accounting and financial
performance especially in the sector of organizational revenue and human resources. A qualitative
research study will be applied in this study to provide flexible data collection and analysis that is
necessary for gaining in-depth understanding of the organization’s process related to disclosure
practiced. Thus, few data collection methods will be applied to gather various information including
interview, document and content analysis. The respondents for this study are professionals who work
in Islamic microfinance insitutions converting sharia. Organizational change in the current business
environment is a hot topic in Indonesia, especially from conventional business to sharia. Changes in
business organization in conventional macrofinance institutions are closely related to government
policies but not on independent microfinance institutions such as cooperatives that use the principle of
cooperation in managing their operations. This organizational change is due to internal and external
influences such as awareness of the prohibition of the concept of usury in conventional business.
Meanwhile, the ability to understand managing change is seen as a core capability of a successful
organization. However, in reality there are many obstacles in making organizational changes, especially
in converting from conventional to sharia, besides the high level of concern whether the organization
can survive in the future. As such, the discussions about organizational change from conventional to
sharia in microfinance institutions are very important, especially in Indonesia to improve performance
accountability from various aspects of the organization. This study also expands the concept of
accountability from a religious perspective. This study will contribute to increasing confidence for
conventional financial institutions to convert to shariah and can increase public confidence in using
products from Islamic financial institutions and also support government programs in developing the
sharia economy in Indonesia.
Keywords: Organizational, change, microfinance institutions, interpretive research

164

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Research on the Cost Accounting and Control of Higher Vocational
Education

Xiang Dongfang
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia

Abstract
The training object of higher vocational education is to meet the needs of social development of applied
talents, its complete system includes higher vocational undergraduate education and higher vocational
college education. As a non-profit social organization, colleges and universities have been taking
cultivating students as their main task for a long time. Now they are undertaking the important mission
of serving the national strategy and economic and social development. Therefore, it is imperative to
promote the connotative development of colleges and universities, and optimizing the structure and
resource allocation of colleges and universities is also one of the most important ways. Under the
premise of ensuring talent cultivation, colleges and universities should also put the consideration of
school running cost and economic benefits in an important position, realize a change of ideas in school
running ideas, pay attention to educational resources, educational costs, and strengthen the awareness
of cost management, so as to continuously improve their competitiveness in the education market. With
the deepening of the reform of education system, the cost sharing mechanism of higher education is
gradually established by the state, school, society, students' families or individuals. In order to
reasonably determine the financial allocation and various charging standards, the government and
relevant departments hope to get accurate cost information. In order to effectively control the operating
costs, colleges and universities hope to get accurate cost information, so as to maintain their due
competitive advantage. In order to accurately grasp their share of education costs, the educated also
begin to need accurate education cost information. Study design/methodology/approach: Literature
review, combined with practical problems, planning research objectives. This paper expounds the
theoretical basis and introduces the research methods. The necessity and feasibility of the accounting
and control of educational cost based on Activity-Based Costing in Vocational Colleges and universities
are analyzed. The framework and design process of education cost accounting and control based on
activity-based costing are constructed. Testing and Implementation. Summarize and put forward
suggestions for improvement. To build a theoretical framework of the cost accounting system of Higher
Vocational Colleges and universities. To design a set of relatively systematic, relatively simple and
practical accounting methods, which will provide theoretical and methodological support for the
establishment of the cost information system of higher education. To solve the theoretical and practical
problems of the cost accounting of higher education. Education cost is the educational resources
consumed in the process of educational activities. At present, the accounting concept of education cost
in most higher vocational colleges is still the traditional one, which turns the education funds allocated
by finance into expenditure without considering the benefit, and it is still "expenditure is cost". In the
accounting of education cost, the differences caused by different disciplines and other factors are not
taken into account, which leads to the failure to provide accurate education cost. In addition to the
limitation of the system, the main reason is that the current research on education cost accounting
method is still very weak, and a relatively perfect education cost information and system has not been
established. It is because of these factors that the current research has some disadvantages, such as not
considering the current institutional environment and accounting status of colleges and universities,
lack of operability, too much emphasis on theoretical analysis, mixed factors, not in line with the basic
principles of cost accounting, policy-making is too extensive and so on. Under the premise of ensuring
talent cultivation, colleges and universities should also put the consideration of school running cost and
economic benefits in an important position, realize a change of ideas in school running ideas, pay
attention to educational resources, educational costs, and strengthen the awareness of cost management,
so as to continuously improve their competitiveness in the education market.

Keywords: Cost Accounting, Control, Education

165

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Study on the adaptability of accounting specialty training and economic
Development in Higher Vocational Education

Wang Weiwei
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
The development of national economy, the rise of big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies
have brought opportunities and challenges to the training of accounting talents in China's higher
vocational education. This project combined with the current problems of higher vocational education
accounting personnel training, from the accounting professional development, teacher team
construction, talent training programs and other aspects of beneficial exploration, in order to improve
the quality of accounting personnel training, enhance the adaptability of vocational education. It will
also use stakeholder theory, balanced scorecard, analytic hierarchy process and so on to explore the
construction of accounting professional personnel training and economic development adaptability
evaluation system, in order to provide reference for higher professional accounting personnel training.
Study design/methodology/approach: data collection, literature collection and other data collection,
analysis on the adaptability of accounting training and economic development in higher vocational
education, building an evaluation model of the relationship between accounting talents training and
economic development adaptability in higher vocational education, empirical test of evaluation model
and summarize and propose improvement suggestions. A talent model combined with big data. An
adaptive evaluation system for accounting personnel training. The empirical test is carried out and the
safeguard measures are put forward. The research of this project keeps up with the development of The
Times, integrates the latest big data and artificial intelligence into the training of accounting talents, and
makes a reasonable evaluation on whether it ADAPTS to economic development, optimizes the training
mode of accounting talents and improves the professional level of accounting personnel, which plays
an important role in promoting industrial transformation and upgrading and economic development.
Keywords: Accounting; Higher Vocational Education; Adaptive

166

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Research on Financial Risk Control of Higher Vocational Colleges under
Government Accounting System

Wei Qing
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
To study the government accounting system standards of our country, combine with the corresponding
accounting policies, standardize the accounting and approval process of vocational colleges, and make
full use of the dividends of accounting policies. To expand the ways and channels of school-enterprise
cooperation, establish enterprise training bases, increase the financing channels of higher vocational
colleges and expand their income. To solve the problem of fund gap caused by the expansion of higher
vocational colleges. Study design/methodology/approach: literature review, combined with actual
problems, plan research goals, data collection, analyze the data, find out the source of financial risk in
higher vocational colleges, and build solutions, summary and suggestions for improvement. Make full
use of the characteristics of government accounting system to explore the accounting policies used.
Measure the current financial risks of higher vocational colleges and analyze their current financial
status. Find ways to increase income and reduce expenditure in higher vocational colleges. This paper
will measure the size of the financial risk of higher vocational colleges, and analyze the causes, make
full use of the particularity of accounting system of public institutions in China, to seek ways to solve
the risk. It involves only vocational colleges, not undergraduate schools. Solve the contradiction
between the expansion of higher vocational colleges and insufficient funds.
Keywords: Higher Vocational Colleges, Financial Risk, The Data Analysis

167

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

Empirical Study on evidence of China's "Golden Tax Phase III" Capital
Market: Institutional Investors and Corporate Tax Avoidance

Hui Cui
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
Corporate tax avoidance is common, but the impact of tax avoidance on enterprises is complex. As
important stakeholders, institutional investors actively participate in corporate governance and
influence corporate tax decisions based on their own advantages. This study mainly demonstrates the
influence of Chinese institutional investors on corporate tax avoidance, analyzes its influence
mechanism and action path, and further explores the influence of "Golden Tax Phase III" project on the
relationship between the two. Based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2013 to 2020, the
theoretical basis of the relationship between institutional investors and corporate tax avoidance is
clarified through literature analysis, so as to find the starting point of this study. Empirical analysis
method is used to verify the hypothesis proposed in this study, the research conclusion is drawn, and
according to the results of the study to put forward suggestions on related phenomena. In the study of
the relationship between institutional investment and corporate tax avoidance, this paper for the first
time considers the impact of the implementation of the "Golden Tax Phase III" project, which further
broadens the research ideas on the influencing factors of corporate tax avoidance behavior, and the
research content is somewhat innovative. This paper is helpful to enrich the research results of
institutional investors' influence on corporate tax avoidance and its mechanism. To explore the impact
of the implementation of "Golden Tax Phase III" project on the relationship between institutional
investors and corporate tax avoidance is conducive to the construction of internal control of enterprises,
and provides reference for national tax collection and management policies.
Keywords: Institutional Investors,Enterprise tax avoidance,Golden Tax phase III

168

The 11th FBEA Postgraduate Colloquium
18-19 November 2021 | Cisco Webex

An Empirical Study on Accounting Problems of Vocational Colleges
University-Enterprise Cooperation in China

Zou Lingli
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
To strengthen the efficiency of accounting management in the university-enterprise cooperation
projects in vocational colleges, reflect the overall situation of university-enterprise cooperation projects
more objectively and accurately, improve the ability of project integration of resources of both sides,
enhance the efficiency and efficiency of project implementation. Literature review, combined with
actual problems, plan research goals. Analyze the problems existing in the design and application of
accounting subjects and constructs the accounting subject system of vocational colleges. Analyze the
problems existing in the design and application of accounting subjects and constructs the accounting
subject system of vocational colleges. Analyze the problems existing in the financial statement system
and construct the financial statement system of vocational colleges. Analyze the problem of non-
standard educational cost accounting and constructs the educational cost accounting system of
vocational colleges. Summary and suggestions for improvement. To Make clear the applicable scope
of accounting basis. To improve the accounting subject system of vocational colleges. To Perfect the
financial statement system of vocational colleges, establish the public disclosure system of accounting
information of vocational colleges and enterprises cooperation. To Improve the cost accounting system
of vocational college education. Due to the relatively low degree of disclosure of accounting
information in vocational colleges, it will be difficult to obtain data and the number of samples is limited.
Keywords: Accounting, university-enterprise cooperation, Vocational Colleges

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Research on Accounting Information Fraud Cased and Failure of Luckin
Coffee's Internal Control: Constructing an Internal Control Framework

Based on the Social Responsibilities of Relevant Stakeholders

Wang Dandan

Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404 （ 2002 ） , the reasons for the financial
（Accounting information）fraud of Luckin Coffee were analyzed and it was found that Luckin
Coffee had defects in the five elements of the internal control framework, and the failure of internal
control was the bane of its financial fraud. Luckin Coffee’s financial（Accounting information）
fraud was in vain of its social responsibilities, and the company’s delisting caused adverse effects for
both economic stakeholders and non-economic stakeholders. Therefore, this article builds an internal
control framework based on ensuring the social responsibility of stakeholders, in order to prevent
corporate financial （ Accounting information ） fraud, avoid the risk of major misstatement of
financial statements, ensure the quality of accounting information, protect the rights and interests of
stakeholders, and achieve corporate social responsibility. To study the content of the fraudulent
accounting information of Luckin Coffee and analyze the reasons for the fraud. To clarify the main
stakeholders affected by the distortion of accounting information and the company's social
responsibility to the main stakeholders. To build an internal control structure based on social
responsibility to protect the quality of accounting information and the rights and interests of
stakeholders. This study will use literature research method and case study method. Search for related
literature on accounting information quality, internal control, social responsibility, and government's
regulatory measures for Chinese concept stocks through search tools such as Google and CNKI, to
clarify the relevant research results of domestic and foreign scholars, enrich research theories, and find
literature support. It is proposed to construct an internal control framework based on the consideration
of the social responsibility of stakeholders, and to ensure that the starting point of the internal control
design is that the enterprise can undertake the social responsibility of protecting stakeholders, provide
high-quality accounting information, and reflect the sincerity of the enterprise to assume social
responsibility. The enterprise has won a good social reputation. To review the literature on internal
control, accounting information quality, stakeholders, and social responsibility, and make a final
review of the literature, and find that theoretical research needs to be perfected. By analyzing the
problem of financial information distortion of Ruixing Coffee, constructing an internal control
framework based on ensuring the social responsibility of stakeholders, enriching the research
foundation of internal control theory of enterprises, and making certain references for other scholars'
related research. By constructing a reasonable internal control framework, ensuring the quality of
corporate accounting information and urging the company to assume its social responsibilities, so as
to win a good social reputation for the company, enhance its competitiveness, and promote its
sustainable development.

Keywords: Accounting Information,Internal Control,Social Responsibility.

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How tax policy could enhance the High-tech company’s ability of
China tackle with global commercial conflict---based on the Hua Wei case.

Jiao Yuchao
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
Globalization is a trend embraced by all over the world. Under this marketing system, almost all
counties on this planet take advantages of their own merits to contribute this global pattern. However,
conflicts and disagreements are inexorable. And if we focus on the details of those conflicts, we might
get a clue that nearly all disputes are relevant with international trading. One very important role among
international trading is tax policy, regulations etc. In order to help high-tech companies like Huawei
avoid tax risks, the essay is going to sort out the research of many scholars on tax field. The paper
summarizes the tax-related risks of high tech companies including tax environmental risks and crossing
national tax planning risks etc. The paper is about to suggest that companies should fully understand
international tax law and strengthen internal financial and tax management to help high-tech companies
achieve better development. How to build a adaptable tax system or make a smart tax policy for high
tech-company of China like Huawei is the aim of this essay. As one nation, as one country, as one unity
or company must obey some tax regulations so that some it could help them runs smoothly or even
better. The essay is going to be conducted by means of mass literature review, latest international and
domestical scholars’ tax-related theories, books, papers and journals will be gathered and organized.
Besides, information and related knowledge will be searched from governmental website both
international site like USA and that of China. Not only focus on Huawei of China, but some other high-
tech company like Apple of USA and some other high-tech companies located at other countries,
analysis will more focus on international tax risks and strategical tax policy so that suitable conclusions,
recommendations and best solutions will be provided in the essay. 3 aspects are going to be expected
in this essay, they are useful tax policy, tax international agreement and international tax risks etc. The
essay is going to study many practical cases to get some useful clue for high tech companies like Huawei
and Apple etc. to guide them how to avoid international tax risk, tax environmental risks, oversea risks
etc. One aspect, this kind of study is rare because the conflicts happened between China and USA is
rare. The essay is more oriented and more focused on high-tech industry because this is exactly the most
drastic field that the 2 countries compete for. On the other side, compared with lots of study focus on
risks of one company confront, this essay is more fucus on the point of one exact industry like we say
high-technology. Admittedly, because of the limitation of length of the essay, the author can only select
several representative companies to analyze. And this analysis can only consist of the selective features
of those companies, which could narrow down the scope of this essay. Meanwhile, the essay is lack of
huge and accurate data which could lead the study to be rather rough. Once international conflicts
happen will probably lead some unnecessary conflicts between 2 units ,nations or even two countries,
however, based on the tips and conclusions that discussed in the essay, companies would take
advantages of those tips form them to avoid tax risks and tax limitations and succeed finish their
business purpose. The author believes be means of tips and conclusions raised in the study, in case of
the real conflicts rehappen in some other regions and countries, readers could take advantages of those
solutions to fix and settle down those problems related to tax field.

Keywords: High-tech companies, Tax Policy, Conflicts

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Understanding Performance Management System Change: A Case Study
in Yayasan Usaha Maju (YUM)

Suelah Binti Abdul Dani
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to gain a new insight of organizational change management from the
perspective of performance management system (PMS). from the perspective of a micro-finance
institution. This includes the disturbance factors and the process of PMS change implementation. A
qualitative research study will be applied in this study to provide flexible data collection and analysis
that is necessary for gaining in-depth understanding of the organization’s process related to disclosure
practices. Thus, few data collection methods will be applied to gather various information including
interview, document and content analysis. Micro-finance institutions have significantly contributed to
the development of SME in Malaysia generally. However, the increasing number of SME especially in
Sabah has given a new challenge to micro finance to maintain a good performance in order to be able
to finance these businesses. Thus, there is a need to explore a clear and in depth insight regarding the
phenomena of PMS change since the number of studies in this field is still scarce. This study ought to
contribute to the body of knowledge as there is a gap identified in the field of performance management
system change. Besides, it will also be expected to be able to explain the importance of PMS agility
towards performance enhancement. Early findings show that leadership is one of the main reasons for
PMS change in YUM. The newly appointed Managing director will usually carry a different vision on
how to improve YUM performance further. Besides, changes in the ruling government were also
identified as one of the disturbance factors.
Keywords: Performance Management System Change, Organizational Change, Performance
Management Agility

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Environmental Management Accounting Change: A Case Study of
Chinese Highly Polluting Industries

Miao Ran
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
Nowadays, a growing number of environmental issues are being reported in public, so according
academia and practitioners, sustainable development is becoming the only solution. For sustainable
development, all sections of society has great dynamic roles especially enterprises. To help enterprises
to integrate environmental concerns, the Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) as a new
management accounting practice is being adopted. Thus, this study presents an insight of Environmental
Management Accounting Change (EMAC) in Chinese companies, particular in a highly polluting
enterprise. In order to guide and understand how the EMA developed and influence the highly polluting
enterprise from multi-levels in the past two decades, in this study, the research has been conducted
using an institutional entrepreneurship approach to examining management accounting change
triggered by environmental concerns. This study will use qualitative research and collect data through
semi-structured interviews, direct observations and documents and content analysis.
Keywords: Environmental management accounting, Qualitative research, Institutional
entrepreneurship, Case study, Highly polluting Industry and companies.

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The Development of Accounting Practices in Sarawak under the Three
Rajahs (1841-1946)

Edwin Anak Francis
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
The research aims to study accounting practices and their development in early Sarawak under the three
Rajahs. In addition, the research will also be looking into the influence of the British in Sarawak’s
accounting practices and how Brookes used them in their administration, especially in developing the
economy of Sarawak through various policies. The qualitative research uses data from the past, such as
financial records, governing decisions, and policies. These data were referred to and examined to
establish a relationship between accounting practices and decision-making, such as policymaking. The
early result shows that the Rajahs were using accounting practices in their administration. Hence, to
prove the importance of accounting as a tool used to assist in developing a country. For instance, in
policymaking and other vital decisions by the rulers. Even though many studies have been done on the
economic policies of Brookes, none of them was looking into the accounting perspective. Hence, this
research will be a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in this area. In addition, it can also
become a source of reference for the modern policymaker. There were some limitations, especially in
finding financial records during James’s administration. The only documents that could be found were
related to the economic policies. However, during Charles’s administration, data were easily seen as
financial records were published in Sarawak Gazette, a periodically printed newsletter that served as
the communication tool by the government.
Keywords: Accounting History, Sarawak, Malaysia

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Budget Participation, Motivation and Managerial Performance:
The Effect on Hotel Industry in Sabah

Hazirah Nordin
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia

Abstract
This purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of budget participation on performance. The study
is grounded in the hotel industry in Sabah, due to its economic potent to the State. It is to enhance better
understanding on budget participation behavioral consequences, i.e. participation-performance
relationship, with motivation as a moderating variable. This study employs questionnaire based survey
for data gathering. It hypotheses the relationship between budget participation, managerial performance,
and motivation. Hence, correlational design is applied for this study to discover the existence of the
relationship between these variables. The respondents for this study are managers, who involve in
budget setting from several departments of 3-5 star ranking hotels in Sabah. The issue of budget
participation studies on performance in developing countries such as Malaysia has not been extensively
investigated especially on the hotel industry in Sabah. Hence, the study attempted to show whether
same result will be obtained like the previous studies, since it is conducted in Malaysia which might
offer different result. The recent Covid19 pandemic effect on tourism industry, particularly hotels in
Sabah from which the State generates its second highest source of income, makes this study more
profound as those players are now struggling to bounce back amidst financial and industrial pressure.
The employees and top managements will be more aware about the appropriate budgeting procedures.
This will help them to understand the importance of budget participation to strive for better performance
of their organizations. It will provide insightful info, for both theory and practice, on how these variables
work within the current pressure the hotel industry players in Sabah are facing.
Keywords: Budget Participation; Managerial Performance; Motivation

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Examining Institutional Change in Religious Non-profits Organizations:
Motivation for Financial Disclosure Practices

Zubaidah Mohd Ali
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia

Abstract
This purpose of this study is to gain insight from religious non-profit organizations (RNPOs) on the
regard of current disclosure practiced implement by their organizations. This study also explores the
motivation of RNPOs to practice voluntary financial reporting audit. A qualitative research study will
be applied in this study to provide flexible data collection and analysis that is necessary for gaining in-
depth understanding of the organization’s process related to disclosure practiced. Thus, few data
collection methods will be applied to gather various information including interview, document and
content analysis. The respondents for this study are RNPOs that implement voluntary audited financial
reporting. Religious non-profit organizations (RNPOs) give significant contribution in supporting
socio-economic growth by ensuring the welfare of society. However, the increasing concern from the
public related to accountability issues had affected RNPOs’ image and public trust. Thus, disclosure
practices are necessary to build trust from stakeholders by communicate their activities and future plans
especially to donors and public. As such, the discussion on disclosure financial reporting of prior
research is still sparse as it is essential to enhance accountability for RNPOs. Additionally, this study
also broadens the concept of accountability from the religious perspectives. This study will contribute
to increase the confidence of donors and public towards RNPOs in Malaysia as well as be used to
possibly improve the accountability of religious institutions.
Keywords: Religious Non-Profit Organizations, Financial Disclosure Practices,

Accountability

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The Antecedent Factors of Management Accounting Practices on Hotel
Performance

Salumah Nain
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
Management accounting practices is one of the crucial issues in management accounting research.
However, little is known about the adoption of management accounting practices in the hotel industry
around the world. In Malaysia, the hotel is the heartbeat of the tourism industry and is regarded as one
of the main contributors to the nation's coffers. The various questions on which factors contribute most
to the adoption of management accounting practices are still debatable and inconclusive. Hence, this
study aims to investigate the antecedent factors that contribute to the adoption of management
accounting practices that subsequently influence hotel performance in Malaysia. Moreover, rapid
growth in the economic system has changed the need for effective management accounting practices
for all business enterprises including hotels. These changes are accelerated with the innovation of the
technology, the intensifying of market competition, and hotel size. Therefore, hotel managers need to
be fully equipped with the latest accounting knowledge, skills, and information for making better
business decisions in maximizing their hotel performance. This study, which employed a quantitative
approach was grounded in the hotel industry in Malaysia. One hundred and ninety-two (192) hotels
were selected as the sample using the purposive sampling technique. Primary data were collected from
the respondents via online and offline surveys. Collected data were then analysed using SPSS version
23 in the preliminary phase and subsequently, SmartPLS version 3.0 was applied to evaluate the model
of the study. The findings revealed that “planning future strategies, tactics and operation” are the most
perceived roles of management accounting in Malaysia’s hotel industry. Budgeting is the most adopted
whereas Activity-Based Costing is the least adopted management accounting practice. The study
reported only two antecedents (intensity market competition and technology) were found to be
significant factors that influence the traditional management accounting practices. As for advanced
management accounting practices, all antecedents (intensity market competition, technology and hotel
size) were found to be significant. Interestingly, the study also revealed that traditional management
accounting did not influence hotel performance. Meanwhile, advanced management accounting has a
positive effect on hotel performance in Malaysia. This study contributes to the theoretical,
methodological and practical aspects of the antecedents’ role of management accounting practices to
the hotel performance and provides valuable insights to stakeholders and policymakers that could help
the hotel industry in Malaysia to stay competitive. Future studies should consider adopting different
study approaches such as adopting qualitative approach or multi-group analysis to enrich the current
literature on management accounting practices.

Keywords: Traditional Management Accounting, Advanced Management Accounting,
Antecedent, Hotel Performance

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The Incentive Effect of Tax Policy and Government Subsidy on R&D
Investment of GEM Listed Companies

Han Ruibin
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
To verify the incentive effect of tax policies and subsidies on R&D investment of China's GEM listed
companies. With 154 GEM listed companies in China, constructing a multiple regression model, this
paper studies the Incentive effect of tax policy and government subsidy on R&D investment. On the
whole, tax incentives and subsidies have a positive impact on the overall scale of R&D investment of
GEM listed companies. However, the individual R&D investment of a single company, because of the
enterprise's profits, scale and other factors, tax incentives, government subsidies will have different
effects. Policies have a positive incentive effect on the whole venture capital investment in R&D, but
tax incentives and subsidies will have different incentive effects on the company's R&D investment at
different stages. The influence of industry factors needs further study. Governments should adopt
different tax or subsidy policies at different stages of development for start-ups when they are small and
haven’t profit. Make suggestions to improve the effectiveness of policies and enhance the enthusiasm
of enterprises to invest in innovation.
Keywords: Tax Policy and Government Subsidy, R&D Investment, Incentive Effect

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Research and Analyses on Accounting Information Quality and Corporate
Social Responsibility of Chinese Listed Enterprises in China

Jiang Song
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract
The purpose of the study can be summed up in two aspects .One is to explore the motivation of China's
listed companies in fulfilling their CSR from the perspective of the differences between different
industries and regions. The other is to Investigates the governance effect of CSR on accounting
information quality of listed enterprises in China from the perspective of reliability, relevance, prudence
and timeliness of the four accounting information quality characteristics, and combined with the
corresponding corporate governance factors. Literature review, combined with actual problems, plan
research goals. Analyze the current situation and motivation of Chinese listed enterprises to undertake
CSR. Analyze the governance effect of CSR on accounting information quality of Listed enterprises in
China from the perspective of reliability, relevance, prudence and timeliness of the four accounting
information quality characteristics, and combined with the corresponding corporate governance factors.
Summary and suggestions for improvement. There is a positive correlation between CSR and the
reliability of accounting information. The better the performance of CSR, the stronger the reliability of
accounting information disclosed. In addition, ownership structure governance and CSR have
complementary effects on the interaction of accounting information reliability. There is a positive
correlation between CSR and the correlation of accounting information. The better the performance of
CSR, the stronger the correlation of accounting information disclosed. In addition, the management
incentive shows an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on positive correlation between CSR and
accounting information. Data for measuring CSR come from a single source， it makes robustness
testing difficult. The quality of accounting information is measured only from the Angle of reliability,
relevance, caution and timeliness, without considering compliance and market response. Due to the
limitation of sample size in the time series at the company level, this study is limited to the traditional
cross-sectional data model. The practical implications of this study mainly includes the following three
aspects. It can provide reference for China's listed companies to establish a reasonable ownership
structure governance mechanism and improve CSR governance. It can provide guidance for Chinese
companies to formulate management incentive policies and select social responsibility strategies.It can
provide a new solution for creditors to guarantee the security of funds. This study not only provide a
theoretical basis for future research on the effect of CSR governance in China, but also will become
reference for relevant departments to promote the CSR of Chinese listed companies and strengthen the
awareness of it. In addition, this study provides a new idea for the improvement of accounting
information quality.

Keywords: CSR, Accounting information quality, China

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THE DETERMINANTS OF INVESTMENT DECISION AMONG
MILLENNIALS IN MALAYSIA

AVNNER CHARDLES WELLFREN
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the determinants of investment decision among millennials in Malaysia.
Millennial lack with financial literacy but remains a big part of the active retail investor population.
Hence, there is an urge to understand determinants other than financial literacy to address this issue. This
study took the quantitative approach, specifically using PLS-SEM through SMARTPLS 3.0 software.
According to the G*Power’s calculation this study required a minimum 138 respondent, where the target
respondent is Malaysian millennial of 18-34 years old. This study is expecting positive influence of
independent variable (financial literacy, financial behaviour, financial planning, digital financial literacy,
and social media) to independent variable (investment decision). This study is expected to deliver the
current situation of investing among millennial in Malaysia by using the integration theory of Prospect
Theory and Connectivism. This study is not addressing possible biases due to different demographic and
socioeconomics among Malaysian millennials. This finding of this study provides insight of current
implementation related to investing policy for the body of government, especially Bank Negara
Malaysia, Unit Planning Economic and Securities Commission Malaysia. For the millennial, the findings
also promote healthy investing awareness among the millennial.
Keywords: Investment decision, financial literacy, financial behavior, social media, digital financial
literacy, PLS-SEM, Millinneal, Malaysia

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PENENTU TINGKAH LAKU PERANCANGAN PERSARAAN DALAM
KALANGAN INDIVIDU YANG BEKERJA DI SABAH

NOR SHAKINAH BINTI HASSAN
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
ABSTRAK

Perancangan persaraan adalah proses pembelajaran sepanjang hayat untuk menentukan matlamat
pendapatan persaraan dan tindakan serta keputusan yang diperlukan untuk mencapai matlamat tersebut.
Kebanyakan rakyat Malaysia menghadapi masa yang sukar untuk mengumpul wang yang mencukupi
untuk bersara dan mengekalkan taraf hidup semasa selepas bersara. Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja
melaporkan 40 peratus pesara dijangka tidak mempunyai dana yang mencukupi untuk bersara. Justeru,
kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penentu tingkah laku perancangan persaraan dalam kalangan
golongan dewasa yang bekerja di Sabah. Menggunakan persampelan bertujuan, kajian kuantitatif ini
akan mengedarkan 300 soal selidik kepada responden yang memenuhi kriteria kajian. Data diperolehi
kemudiannya akan dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-
SEM). Hasil kajian dijangka menunjukkan bahawa potensi konflik dalam persaraan, sikap terhadap
persaraan, kejelasan matlamat, celik kewangan, sikap menabung dan pengaruh ibu bapa secara signifikan
mempengaruhi tingkah laku perancangan persaraan individu bekerja di Sabah. Kajian ini dijangka
memberi manfaat kepada penggubal dasar, pemain industri, akademik serta masyarakat secara umumnya
agar dapat memberi perhatian sewajarnya kepada isu perancangan persaraan.

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PERSONAL FINANCIAL DISTRESS AMONG YOUTHS IN MALAYSIA

SYLVIANNIE JIMIUS
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

This study aims to examine the personal financial distress of youths in Malaysia. Moderating effect of
self-efficacy and emotional intelligence will be introduced on the relationship between financial
knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial socialization towards financial distress. This study uses
quantitative research sampling method. Investigation carried through non-probability sampling which is
purposive sampling. Survey also included in this study. Financial knowledge has positive effect on the
financial distress of Malaysian youths. Financial behaviour has positive effect on the financial distress
of Malaysian youths. Financial knowledge moderates the relationship between financial behaviour and
financial distress of Malaysian youths. Financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial
socialization have positive relationship towards financial distress among youths in Malaysia. This study
will examine the intervention of moderating effect of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence on this
relationship. By knowing more about financial distress among younger generations, this able to provide
aid in future strategy of policymakers in various areas. For instance, proper education can be
implemented in the learning syllabus to equip students with early exposure thus gain better financial
decisions. Related government bodies can also structure suitable awareness programme suited the needs
and current situation of younger generation. Apart from that, this study can give benefit to individual,
student and stakeholder to create a better financial planning to achieve their objective and able to achieve
financial freedom.
Keywords: Financial distress, financial well-being, Financial knowledge, Financial behaviour, Financial
socialization, Malaysia

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ISLAMIC FINANCIAL PLANNING, RELIGIOSITY, AND SPENDING
BEHAVIOUR OF MUSLIMS UNDER MAQASID AL-SHARIAH
FRAMEWORK

MOHD NAIM BIN KAMARUZAMAN
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

This study aims to develop an inclusive Islamic Financial Planning framework through the concept of
Maqasid Al-Shariah. This emphasize the concept of Hifz al-Mal (protection of wealth) in Maqasid
framework which is consist of three major classifications of maqasid shariah namely, daruriyyah
(necessities), hajiyah (needs) and tahsiniyah (luxuries). To investigate the effect of a socio-economic
factor on the relationship between Maqasid Al-Shariah and spending behavior. The study is expected to
use qualitative and quantitative methods and both secondary and primary data. To ascertain a hierarchical
individuals' necessities and spending patterns are more likely to be answered effectively using a
quantitative approach. Meanwhile, to understanding the theoretical aspect of Islam financial planning
and Maqasid Al-Shariah are best answered using an interview approach. The aim of obtaining a sample
of respondents coming from each state of Malaysia: 14 states constitute Malaysia. The development of
Muslim’s financial behavior should be based on the Islamic principles. A sound comprehension of
Islamic financial planning from Maqasid Shariah perspective will efficiently lead to wise financial
decision. This paper concentrate on Muslim’s behavior practically in Malaysia. Provide dynamic
environment of financial planning to create awareness and promoting financial literacy from perspective
of Maqasid Shariah. Intellect (’aql), the preservation of progeny (nasl) and the preservation of wealth
(mal).
Keywords: Maqasid Shariah, Islamic finance, financial planning

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI KEBERKESANAN
PENGURUSAN WAKAF: SATU KAJIAN DI INSTITUSI WAKAF DI

MALAYSIA

NOR’ AZURAH MD KAMDARI
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Abstract
Majlis Agama Islam Negeri atau dikenali sebagai (MAIN) merupakan institusi yang menjadi pemegang
amanah di dalam menguruskan wakaf di Malaysia. Manakala setiap MAIN juga mempunyai pengurusan
yang berbeza. Justeru itu, pengurusan dan pentadbiran wakaf ini menjadi tidak serangka dengan kerajaan
Persekutuan, dan tidak diuruskan di bawah satu sistem wakaf kerajaan Persekutuan. Justeru itu, kajian
ini dibuat untuk mengenalpasti keberkesanan pengurusan wakaf di Malaysia memandangkan ianya di
urus melalui pengurusan MAIN yang tidak mengamalkan pengurusan yang sama. Kajian ini
mencadangkan Model Segi Tiga Pengurusan Wakaf atau dikenali sebagai Model (STPW) dijadikan
sebagai model untuk mengenalpasti keberkesanan pengurusan wakaf yang dikendalikan oleh MAIN di
Malaysia. Di dalam Model (STPW) ini mengandungi tiga (3) fungsi peranan pemain industri (industry
player) yang menyumbangkan kesan amat penting terhadap pengurusan di dalam organisasi. Di
antaranya ialah organisasi MAIN iaitu merangkumi pengurus (leader), kedua ialah pekerja (staff), dan
ketiga ialah pengguna atau bakal pewakaf. Di dalam pembinaan Model (STPW) ini juga, mempunyai
tiga (3) objektif utama bagi mengenalpasti keberkesanan pengurusan wakaf melalui ketiga-tiga fungsi
peranan pemain industri (industry player) tersebut. Di antaranya pertama, mengenalpasti faktor-faktor
keberkesanan pengurusan wakaf melalui hubungan fungsi peranan pengurus dan pekerja di MAIN.
Kedua, mengenalpasti tahap kesedaran pengguna atau bakal pewakaf terhadap perkhidmatan wakaf yang
dikendalikan oleh MAIN. Ketiga, mengukur faktor-faktor keberkesanan pengurusan wakaf di MAIN
dengan menggunakan Model Segi Tiga Pengurusan Wakaf (STPW).
Keywords: Wakaf, Pengurusan Wakaf, dan Majlis Agama Islam Negeri.

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THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY ON COMMERICIAL
BANKS-A CASE STUDY OF CHINA

ZHOU TIAN XIANG
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

Financial technology is the application of advanced scientific and technological techniques to innovate
traditional financial organisations' goods and services. Nowadays, with the rapid development of
financial technology, some traditional banks will inevitably be impacted. The primary purpose of this
paper is to study the impact of financial technology on traditional commercial banks, focusing on the
impact on the profitability of traditional commercial banks, and put forward some suggestions on how
to achieve a win-win situation between them. This study studies the development stage and reasons of
financial technology, then analyzes the development status of financial banks in China, and finally
analyzes the opportunities and challenges brought by finance to traditional commercial banks. This study
uses empirical research and literature research to collect the annual financial data of 14 most
representative Chinese commercial banks from 2011 to 2020 as sample data, Using text mining to build
a financial technology index, this study will also examine the impact of financial technology on Chinese
commercial bank profitability. A favourable effect is projected, i.e., increasing the use of financial
technology can increase commercial bank profitability. This study's practical impact is to examine the
current state of financial technology application in Chinese commercial banks and the influence of
financial technology on commercial banks, which supports theoretical research. At the same time, it has
important social implications to improve the profitability of Chinese commercial banks and open up a
win-win situation.
Keywords: Fintech, Financial technology, Commercial bank , Big data, Profitability

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ASSESSING FINANCIAL RETURNS ON MICROLOANS FROM
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT IMPACT: A CASE OF

KUALA LUMPUR

ANNE SAVARIMOOTHU GEORGE
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

The main objective of this study being carried out is to determine whether financial services, Micro
Characteristics of SME, and awareness of SME influence the impact of microcredit among AIM,
TEKUN and YUM recipients by using economic, social and environment as the impact of microcredit.
Based on 300 respondents, data has been analyzed using Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) for
measurement model and structural model. Based on the analysis the result to identify that financial
services, Micro Characteristics of SME, and awareness of SME has impact on economy and social as
well as environment. A few approaches have been proposed to capture an organizations' network
capability. The first limitation is related to the target population where the recipients of AIM, YUM and
TEKUN did not represent the total population because of limitation to fund and time. Practically, the
study will be benefited for the practitioners and the agencies like AIM, TEKUN and YUM. The main
product of microfinance institution is loan where refers to the small amount of credit offer to poor people
at rational interest for create income over self-employment.
Keywords: financial returns, microloans, economic, social, environment

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INVESTIGATING INVESTMENT INTENTION AMONG THE YOUNG
IN SALARY-EARNING CLASS, CHINA

QI PENG CHENG
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

Investment participation among the young working adults in the Shandong Province of China seems to
be lower compared to other major cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. The money market fund, one of
the most common investment instruments accessible by most individual investors, is experiencing a
decline in recent years. Hence, this study attempts to examine the factors that influence the attitude
toward investment, the association between subjective knowledge and self-efficacy, and whether attitude
and self-efficacy are associated with investment intention. Research framework is based on the Integrated
Behavioral Model (IBM) with further support from the Theory Planned Behavior. The study follows the
Positivism paradigm to examine if the explanatory variables are associated with response variables. The
source language questionnaire is English. Hence, all adapted measurement indicators will be translated
into the Simple Chinese language for the benefits of respondents. Seven Hypothesis will be tested using
the Smart-PLS. The contribution of this research may benefit the policymakers and financial players
(such as Financial Consultants and Investment Firms and Analysts) in helping them to better
understanding the predictors of investment intention. The study would clarify the complexity of decision-
making process in the field of financial investment. By yielding additional empirical evidence, the study
potentially expanding the explanatory power and relevancy of the behavioral financial theory in the
mainstream of finance research.

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THE PERFORMANCE OF SMES: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
AND AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL

SERVICES.

HUMBERTO RAMIREZ SH
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

This study is focused on the problem of the polarized performance of SMEs, viable ways to improve it,
and the lack of academic research on the relationship between financial services and the financial
performance of small firms. This thesis proposes both a theoretical and an empirical approximation to
the problem. For the theoretical approach, a systematic literature review of 104 empirical articles from
1999 to 2021 was performed, along with a theory integration of two core resource-based theories. The
consolidation of both reviews develops a theoretical model whit 9 theoretical propositions. In the
empirical facet the study tests the hypothesized relationship between lending and non-lending financial
services (independent variables) and financial performance (dependent variable), with the mediating
effect of the adequate usage of financial services. An exploratory-sequential multi-strand mixed method
research design is applied. An initial phase collects and analyses the qualitative data from SMEs
managers and bank executives located in Sabah, Malaysia. Those insights are integrated in an
intermediate step at which an instrument is developed to collect quantitative data. Numeric data is then
analysed, connected to qualitative data and interpreted to infer conclusions. The availability of objective
data from SSM is of unique value for this investigation, but highly costly. At SMEs’ strategic
management level, with viable strategies from specific precursors for leveraging their performance. At
the SMEs financial management level, with the practical application of financial services that can create
operational efficiencies to improve financial performance. At retail banking level, with insights from the
perceptions of the direct users of financial services, that can help improve the development and delivery
of financial services to SMEs. The academic significance of the present study lies on the unveiling and
materialization of a sizable gap the literature, the integration and categorization of feasible predictors of
performance that can potentially explain positive performance in SMEs, and the application of two
relevant theories in a joined fashion to specifically analyse the performance of small firms

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SAVING BEHAVIORS TOWARDS RETIREMENT PLANNING
MODERATED BY GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES

DEBRA TICA DEMIS
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

Young people nowadays have lack of awareness to have savings for living after their retirement. They
believe retirement preparation as a burden because it requires long-term planning. The existing of E-
Commerce platform such as Shopee, Lazada and Zalora also affect the behavior of young employees to
savings for their retirements. This research aims to investigates the moderating roles of government
programs towards employee’s saving behaviour in relation with retirement planning and study does
saving behaviour affected by their income level, social norm, economic condition, financial literacy, and
financial attitude. To conduct this analysis, a survey technique will be used to collect quantitative data
via the questionnaire. The data collected were used to explain the connection between the factors and the
saving behaviour of retirement planning. Sample of this study is limited to working individuals from 25
to 55 years. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling due to the equal chances of each
person working 25 to 55 years being selected among the population in Malaysia. The selected areas of
this study in Sabah is Kota Kinabalu. This research is done by gathering the primary sample data to
represent the population. The method used in collecting data is the questionnaire technique. Each
participant is asked to answer the same questions as they provide and an efficient way to gather answers
from a large sample of individuals working to do quantitative analysis.
Keywords: Saving Behaviors, Retirement Planning, Government Programs (include up to 3 keywords)

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EFFICIENCY, RISK AND CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS: A STUDY OF
ASEAN COMMERCIAL BANKING SECTOR

AZMI BIN ABD. MAJID
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Abstract

The principal aim of this research is to measure the cost and profit efficiency of commercial banks in the
ASEAN region. The efficiency measure is obtained from stochastic frontier production functions,
adjusted to account for the risk influences. During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, banking players in
ASEAN were the most badly hit due to the weak risk framework. Basel Accord was introduced in 1998
and serve to improve overall bank risk management and framework. Following the importance of risk in
banking, extensive research in the stochastic frontier uses the risk elements as the determinant of
efficiency. At the same time, the banking industry gradually strengthens its risk framework, and the risk
element has shaped the bank production technology. This research investigates the level of cost and profit
efficiency and examines the impacts of different risk treatments on the overall order of efficiency among
the banks throughout the period of pre-1997 Asian financial crisis to date. The findings provide empirical
evidence on the risk adoption evolution by the players in the banking sector. The research stretched to
explore convergence in the ASEAN banking sector using the model that considers risk framework.

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THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL CURRENCY ELECTRONIC PAYMENT
IN CHINA

WEI YIZHEN
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy

Universiti Malaysia Sabah

ABSTRACT
The misuse of unregulated digital currency with the absence of regulation is recognized by the central
banks worldwide. In response to this, the Central Bank Digital Currency (or CBDC), a regulated digital
currency was developed which have many advantages over unregulated digital currency. In China, the
Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DC/EP or “digital yuan”) was introduced in 2014 with the aim to
improve its monetary and financial supervision. There were several issues identified within the digital
currency literatures and implementation which driven the research to be conducted, which are basic
functions of Digital Currency Electronic Payment to users, the market competition between Digital
Currency Electronic Payment and other mobile payment methods, user’s trust towards Digital Currency
Electronic Payment and the academic literature problem. To date, the development on the effectiveness
and acceptance level of DC/EP among the people of the Republic of China is still at infant stage after it
underwent first trial in 2019. Using mixed method design, this study aims to 1) investigate the factors
influencing the adoption of the DC/EP and 2) to have better understanding on the acceptance level of the
DC/EP in China. The conceptual framework is developed based on combination of two underpinning
theories namely Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Acceptance Model (TAM). The
outcomes of this research provide a theoretical basis for future research on the implementation of Digital
Currency Electronic Payment. The qualitative dataset would be analyzed by Content Analysis and
Narrative Analysis methods. The quantitive dataset would be analyzed by descriptive analysis and Linear
regression analysis methods by SPSS

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