THE CHEMIST & DRUGGIST - 15 JANUARY 1883

: —

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 85

NEW IMPROVEMENTS IN PHARMACY. LAWTON'S ABSORBENT COTTON.

THE " BURROUGHS" INHALER. " Has been pronounced by some of our most eminent
surgeons the very best absorbent for taking up discharges
The Medical Press
;

it is very fine and soft, and acts instantly." The Medical
Press and Circular.

and Circular reports THE WYETH COMPRESSED TABLETS.

" The Burroughs' Inhaler

is an ingenious and con- EXACTSIZE OF TABLET
venient device for inhaling
chloride of ammonia fumes. " Are a great improvement on the hard, unpalatable
By its use the chloride of lozenges which have so long done duty in the Pharmacopoeia.
The Chlorate of Potash and Chlorate of Potash and Borax
ammonium is brought in will be found useful in throat affections, whilst the Bi-
more intimate contact with carbonate of Potash and Bicarbonate of Soda Tablets will
prove efficacious in dyspepsia. The Soda Mint, or Neutral-
the mucous surfaces of the ising Tablets, will earn the gratitude of many a flatulent
passages of the nose and
throat than by any other dvsoept'e." —The Lancet.

form of inhaler." HAZELINE.

KEPLER EXTRACT OF MALT. —The Medical Press and Circular reports: "Hazeline

The Lancet says of the Kepler Extract of Malt " The is a valuable astringent remedy, wonderfully efficacious in
: checking internal or external haemorrhages, and for allaying
inflammation. It is particularly valuable in the treatment
best known, and in this country the largest used, Extract of bleeding piles, and as a surgical dressing it deserves
attention."
of Malt. It is as distinct an advance in therapeutics as was
THE WYETH SOLUBLE COMPRESSED
the introduction of cod-liver oil. It is one of our best
HYPODERMIC TABLETS.
For Wasting remedies for atonic dyspepsia, and is un-
doubtedly useful in consumption and other
Diseases.
wasting diseases." And further adds, " It

is very pood, and mav he used with confidence."

McK. & R. CAPSULED PILLS. The following formulas and combinations embrace all those

An important improvement has been made, which now in general request. Others will be added as the demands
renders the most offensive and repulsive drugs easy of
administration. This improvement consists in perfectly of the profession warrant.

sealing with a thin transparent capsule of gelatine all drugs, We claim for the Wyeth Hypodermic Tablets :
such as quinine, morphia, rhubarb, &c, also the various pills
Absolute accuracy of dose.
Ready and entire solubility.
Perfect preservation of the drug.

and powders of the Pharmacopoeia. These capsules are of Their convenience and utility will at once be apparent on
an ovoid shape, and it has been demonstrated beyond
question that when ordinary coated pills are rejected by- examination.
patients there is not the slightest difficulty in administering
this new form. Morphia; c nlphas 1-3 grain. Morphia; Sulphas 1-8 grain.
MnTihipe -ulpha* Atropia; Sulphas 1-200 grain.
KEPLER COD-LIVER OIL WITH EXTRACT Morphia; sulph»s 1-4. ffrain. Morphia; Sulphas
1-6 grain. Atropia; Sulnhas 1-12 grain.
OF MA.LT. Morobise s<nlr>ha« 1-8 grain. Atropia; Sulphas 1-250 gram.
Mornhiae Sulphas 1-12 grain. Atropia; Sulnhas
This is an emulsified combination of the purest fresh Morphia; .-ulpbas 1-3 grain. 1-611 grain.
Norwegian Cod- Liver Oil with 50 per cent, of Extract of At-onia; Pnlnhis . . 1-120 gra'n. Atvnnia; Snli
Malt (Kepler). 1-4 gra'ii. Strvehnise Suipnas 1-100 grain.
Morphia; sulpbas 1-130 grain. 1-150 grun.
So combined, the oil is subdivided into minute particles, Atro'vre fcn)ph«i' Strvchina; Sulphas
which can be seen under the microscope to be as fine as the .. 1-60 grain.
granules of milk, and so much finer than any that can be
1-100 grain.
obtained by any emulsion with gums. On the fineness of
the emulsion depends the digestibility of the oil. "The Mon>h>se Snlpnas 10 train. S'.rychni:e -'nlnhns 1-150 grain.
At'-oi'fe *ulnha= 1-180 g^in.

For full Noies and Reports see front pages of The
Lancet, May fith.

THE WYETH DIALYSED IRON.

digestive change undergone by fatty matters in the small 1. It is easily administered, the dose being very small.
intestine consists mainly in their reduction into a state of 2. It has no unpleasant taste or smell.
emulsion, or division into infinitely minute particles." 3. It does not irritate the stomach.

THE BURROUGHS BEEF AND IRON WINE. 4. It has no effect on the bowels, producing neither consti-
pation nor diarrhcea.

" This is a really valuable preparation, and, as far as we 5. It does not blacken the teeth.
know, a novelty. It contains beef- juice and citrate of iron In ordering please specify Fer. Wyeth 3 oz. with Dropper,
in solution in wine, and is therefore a very powerful and
NOTE.
rapid'y-acting tonic. Children, as well as adults, take it All the articles mentioned on these pages may be obtained

easily, and as its taste is by no means unpleasant, it can from respectable Wholesale Druggists in every part of the
hardly fail to attain great popularity. In many cases of world, or frcm tie European Depot of Burroughs, Wellccme
scrofula and rickets we have given it with the most
gratifying results."— The Lancet Report. & Co., 7 Snow Hill, London, E.C.

BURROUGHS WELICOUE &. CO.. MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS, 7 SNOW HILL, LONDON, E.C.

86 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. Jan. 15, 1883.

THE "A 1" COD LIVER OIL,

Free from Indigestible Fatty Acids. Our own Manufacture. Guaranteed Pure.

WeDoes not Chill in Cold ather. Price 12/9 per gallon in Winchester quarts.

Extract from the December number of Tlie Druggists' Circular and Chemical Gazette, published in New York :—" Considerable amounts of New-
foundland Oil, of good quality, have already been shipped from New York to London, and the question arises whether it may not be re-imported as " Pine
Norwegian." Buyers must necessarily use great care in the selection of an Oil for mediciml use. It is reported in the trade that inferior Oils, expressed,

from the livers of other varieties of fish, and from other portions of the Cod-fish itself, are more or less used to adulterate Cod Liver Oil."

The BLUE TRADE MARK LABELS which we commenced issuing at the request of some of our friends some

years since, for the protection of tnose bottling this Oil, have proved generally acceptable, and are supplied in
the proportion of Ten Labels to each Winchester Quart.

The New Label ("En Norsk Fisker"), in Colours, is now used for Winchester Quarts.

We also supply the "En Norsk Fisker" Show Card.

RETAIL CIRCULARS, with our Customers Name and Address, and sample tubes with SPECIAL CIRC TJLARS FOR THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

are also supplied Free of Charge.

SOMJ BARCI^A^% BIRMINGHAM.IIATJ, ISTgQK. As

DRAPER'S INK (DICHROIC)
THE NEW BLACK INK, different from anything else ever produced.

Writing becomes a pleasure when this Ink is used. It has been adopted by the principal Banks, Pubiio

Offices, and Railway Companies throughout Ireland.

It writes almost instantly full black. Plows easily from the Pen.

Does not corrode Steel Pens. Blotting-paper may be applied at the
Dries rapidly on the Paper.

Is cleanly to use, and not liable to blot. moment of writing.

In Jars, 6d., Is., and 2s. each.

Can be obtained, in London, through Messrs. Barclay and Sons, Farringdon Street ; W. Edwards and Son, 157 Queen Victoria
Street, E.C. ; F. Newbery and Son, Newgate Street ; S. Maw, Son, and Thompson, Aldersgate Street ; Hayden and Co.,

10 Warwick Square, Paternoster Eow; Hovenden and Sons, City Eoad ; Ayrton and Saunders, Duke Street, Liverpool;

Goodall, Backhouse and Co., Leeds Jno. Hetwood, John Dal ton Street, Manchester; James Hemington, 6 Moor Street,
;

Birmingham ; Henry Hodder, Eroad Street, Bristol.

BEWLEY & DRAPER, Limited, DUBLIN.
Bee " CHEMIST AND DBUGGIST," December 15th. 1874.

Eepresents the entire properties of the

PANCREATINE POWDER(IN OR GRANULES;, Pancreatic Juice, and is the only
preparation for effecting the digestion

and assimilation of fats, solid and liquid, such as cod-liver oil, &c, starch, and albuminoids.

Dose, 3 to 5 grains, in water, milk, wine, arrowroot, &c., &c.

rDHNMuOnOCHMXlIiMtC WllitiA ST ft An excellent vehicle for taking Cod-liver Oil, and promoting the digestion
lAfl&SE!
ami*****

PtPSINt PRUAHKAbIl WINti t^zz&js^T%V'fa£ki&ir
IfiliUl&r *"-'-*-""*" Your Pepsine is possessed of considerably more digestive power

and 1

nrnTOHV U A Comb ination of tne whole of the Digestive Secretions—Pepsine, Pancreatine, Diastase, or
I WIIiIlI | N_
* ™l I l Ptyalin, ftc, forming a valuable remedy in the treatment of all forms of dyspepsia, and all
III
diseases arising from imperfect nutrition. Dose, 3 to 5 grains.

The PALEST in colour, the PUEEST and most PALATABLE

THE BEST COD-LIVER OIL. kind in use.

COD-LIVER Combined with Alkaloids, Medicinal Salts, and other medicinal substances capable of

OIL. solution in Cod-liver Oil.

By combining the Pancreatic

PANCREATIZED COD-LIVERdigestive OIL. Juice with the Oil, the diges-
tion of the latter is easily and

rapidly effected, nausea is prevented, and the beneficial properties of the Oil are increased. Dose, 1 to 4 drachms.

~™^o?ii*£^£?EPHpcPHflRI7Fn UHUAUDI IIUWI llUlllfaLU
-kLlIlVkElRl AIL.Vllal (the OEIGINAL) preparation over the imitations

of it consists in the ability to administer a sufficient dose of Phosphorus without the admixture of a large quantity

of Cod-liver Oil. Dose, 1 to 2 drachms. Supplied in bulk or small bottles.

l-32nd of a grain, or any strength required, non-resinous, and perfectly

PHOSPHORUS PILLS. soluble.

SAVORY & MOORE, 143 NEW BOND STREET, LONDON.
AND SOLD BY CHEMISTS EVEEYWHEEE.
4

Jan. 15, 1883. . 69

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

COX'S TASTELESS

BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT,

Dated and Sealed April 13th, 1854.

Sargeons and Chemists supplied with an excellent Aperient Pill (the formula for which will be
forwarded), covered with a thin non-metallic film, rendering each Pill perfectly tasteless, at Is. a gross,

Postage free.

Any formulae dispensed and covered, and samples, with list of pills, from 500 different forms, which

are kept in stock, will be forwarded free on application.
They were introduced to the medical profession by the present proprietors a quarter of a century ago,

and many thousands of unsolicited testimonials have been received from the highest medical authorities.
These Pills are now used, and have been used for many years past, by the largest and best conducted hospitals
and dispensaries. Of course, a success like this has led to many imitations, and highly-varnished pills,
made to resemble ours, have been introduced by some unscrupulous people. Many of these pills pass

through the stomach unaltered, and a useful invention is thus likely to be brought into disrepute.

The most impudent assertions are made by some of these people, who combine, in one incongruous whole,
the trades of druggists' sundrymen, retail druggists, soap-makers, and horse and cattle medicine vendors.

We m,ake and sell nothing but pills, and have testimonials from regular customers, residing in China,

Anstraliad and every part of the civilised world, as well as from friends in almost every town and village in
the kingoom ; and our trade, which is constantly increasing, is perhaps four or five times as large as all

the rest of our copyists put together.

The following are some of our Prices FOR CHEMISTS ONLY:—

We strongly recommend our Aperient Pills as a good general saleable Pill. Thes?, with the Pharmacopcea Pills quoted

below, are sent out to every part of the United Kingdom in half-pound parcels, package, postage, and carriage free on
the same day as the order is received ; and, to avoid booking and other expenses, Id. in the Shilling will be allowed in

Stamps or P.O.O. are remitted with order.
Our Pills can also be obtained from any Wholesale Druggist. In ordering, please specify " Cox's Tasteless Pills."

QUOTATIONS FOR OTHER PILLS ON APPLICATION.

No. in Pil. Aperiena et Cathartic. Prices per Pound in No. in Pills of the British Pharmacopoeia. Prices per Pound in
Catalogue. Four or Five Grain Catalogue. Pour or Five Grain

Pills. Pills.

Coated. Uncoated. Coated. Uncoated.

&1 2 Pil. Aper. (Cox) c. Cal 6/ 5/ 122 Pil. Asafoetidae Co 6/6 5/6
3& 4 6/ 5/ 66 „ Cambog. Co 6 5/
„ „ (Cox) sine Cal.. 6/ 5/ 24 ,, Coloc. Co 15/
193 „ Cathartic Fort. (Cox). 5/ 4/ 30 ,, „ et Hyos ( 12/
„ Cocliia 62 „ Ferri Carb 4/
332 71 „ Hydrarg 16/ 4/
92 13/ 5/6
PILLS OF THE BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA. 77 „ ,, Subchlor. Co. 6/
90 5/ 11/
6 Pil. Aloes. Barb 6/ 5/ ,, Ipecac, c. Scillae 5/ 6/
5/ 4/ 104 ,, Plumbi. c. Opio 6/6 11/
8 „ „ et Asafoetidae 5/ 4/ 119 7/ 21/
9 „ „ et Ferri 12/ 11/ 321 „ Ehei Co 12/ 4/
6/6 5/6 115 Saponis Co
10 „ et Myrrh 7/
,, 12/
7 „ V Soc 22/
„ Scammon. Co
„ Scillae Co 5/

The Registrar of Trade Marks (after giving the usual public notice, prescribed by Parliament, to allow
of opposition) has granted us the above " Trade Mark," thus officially recognising us as the " Original
Makers of Tasteless Pills," and no Pills will be sent out without this Mark on all bottles or packages.

ARTHUR H. COX & CO.,

TASTELESS PILL MANUFACTURERS,

MARTIN'S PLACE, BRIGHTON.

— — :::

70 : Jan. 15, 1883.

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

PARKE, DAVIS & CO.,
MANUPACTUmiVG CHEMISTS,

DETROIT, MICH., and NEW YORK CITY, U.S.A.

We beg to call especial attention to the following more important of onr recent introductions,

which have been before the Medical Profession of America for some years, and have lately been

introduced in the United Kingdom :

Fluid Extract BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM : A New Fluid Extract JAMAICA DOGWOOD (Piscidia Ery-

Vegetable Alterative of peculiar value in cbronic scaly eruptions of thrina) : Anodyne and Antispasmodic, with none of the disagreeable

the skin. sequela of opium.

HAWFluid Extract BLACK ("Viburnum Prunifolium) : Fluid Extract KAVA KAVA (Piper Methysticum)

A decided Uterine Sedative, and held to be almost a specific in habitual An efficient Remedy in specific and catarrhal affections of the genito-

abortion. urinary tract.

Fluid Extract CASCARA AMARGA (Picramnia) : Intro- MANACAFluid Extract (Franciscea Uniflora) : Intro-
Aduced from Mexico.
very valuable Anti-syphilitic. duced from Brazil, and highly esteemed as a Remedy in chronic

Fluid Extract CASCARA SAGRADA (Rhamnus rhenmatism.

Purshiana) : A Tonic Laxative of very superior value in chronic Fluid Extract RHUS AROMATICA : A Specific in

constipation. enuresis and nocturnal incontinence of urine.

Fluid Extract CHEKEN (Myrtus Chekan) : A Remedy Fluid Extract SIERRA SALVIA (Artemisia Frigida)

for chronic bronchitis, winter cough, &c. A Diuretic and nervous Stimulant, exciting the secretions in fever.

Fluid Extract CORN SILK (Stigmata Maidis) : A recent Fluid Extract USTILAGO MAIDIS (Corn Ergot):

introduction In the treatment of catarrhal cystitis. Held by many to be superior to Ergot of Rye, in that it causes inter-

Fluid Extract COTTON ROOT BARK (Gossypium mittent instead of continuous contractions.

Herbaceum) : Emmenagegue. Fluid Extract WAHOO (Euonymus Atropurpureus)
A direct hepatic Stimulant and Cathartic.
Fluid Extract DAMIANA (Turnera Aphrodisiaca)

An Aphrodisiac of very decided properties, and much esteemed in the Fluid Extract WILD CHERRY (Primus Virginiana)

treatment of impotence. A Remedy of especial value in irritative bronchial affections.

Fluid Extract GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS : A

direct nervous and indirect arterial Sedative, and a remedy which Fluid Extract WITCH HAZEL (Hamamelis Virginica) :

has been found valuable in remittent fever. Tonic and Astringent, and exerting a peculiar action on the
mucous membrane, which makes it very valuable in the treatment
Fluid Extract GOLDEN SEAL, AQUEOUS (Hydrastis
of hemorrhoids.
Canadensis) : Tonic and Alterative, with especial determination
to mucous surfaces. Fluid Extract VERBA SANTA (Eriodyction Cali-

Fluid Extract GRINDELIA ROBUSTA: The noted fomicum) : An emulcent Alterative of high repute in affections of

California remedy for spasmodic asthma. the bronchial mucous membrane.

Besides the above FLUID EXTRACTS, we beg to mention the following PREPARATIONS:—

Distilled Extract Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virginica). Concentration of Euonymin, Green (from the Bark of

Concentrated Tincture Lippia Mexicana. Shrub).

Desiccated Bullock's Blood (Sanguis Bovinus Exsic- Concentration of Irisin (Iris Versicolor).

catus). See London Hospital Pharmacopoeia. „ „ Juglandin (Juglans Cinerea).
„ „ Leptandrin (Leptandra Virginica).
Desiccated Ox Gall (Fel Bovinum). „ „ Podophyllin (Podophyllum Peltatum).
Lactated Pepsin.
Concentration of Baptism (Baptisia Tinctoria).
Empty Capsules, for the Tasteless Administration of
„„ Barosmin (Barosma Crenata). Nauseous Medicines.
Euonymin, Brown (from the Bark
„ ,, Uterine Pencils of Iodoform.

of Root).

SUGAR AND GELATINE CO A 7 ED PILLS.

C A. SS O CORDIS.

We would solicit especial attention to this Preparation, which is an Elixir of the Bark of the Rhamnus Purshiana, a tree

indigenous to the Pacific slope of North America, and already a recognised remedy of great value in the treatment of

Chronic Constipation.

WETZELOur Mr. is now again in England, and will be happy to enter into correspondence with anyone interested in

the above Preparations, supply descriptive Circulars on application, and give other information respecting our goods, prices,

&c. Please address

Mr. H. A. WETZEL, 16 Coleman St., LONDON, E.C.
WHOLESALE DEPOT :

BURGOYNE, BURBIDGES, CYRIAX & FARRIES, 16 Coleman Street, LONDON, E.C.

January 15, 1883.] —; —

THE CHEMIST AST) DRUGGIST. 1

Jjljarmatalra.

Cassia Lignea.

A PAPER of much interest, historical and pharmaceutical,

COLONIAL BUILDINGS, 42 CANNON STREET, LONDON, K.C. has been contributed to the literature of botany by Mr.
Thiselton Dyer. It is called a " Note on the Origin of Cassia
Published on the 16th of each Month. Lignea," and in a very attractive manner gives an account
of how a vexed question has been attempted to be set at
Subscription, 10s. per year, payable in advance rest. This spice from time immemorial has been an article
commencing from any date. of trade from South China : according to Fliickiger and
Hanbury it was the Cinnamon of the ancients, that which
Post free to every country in the world. Single Copies, la. each. now bears the name being peculiar to Ceylon, and unnoticed
till the 13th century. Cinnamon and Cassia, however, are
By our clubbing arrangements The Chemist and Druggist and the described amongst the products of the East. Cinnamon was
Druggist's Circular, of New York, are supplied together for 14 s. 6</. carried by the Chinese to the Malabar coast, and thence
per annum, and The Chemist and Druggist and Pharmacist, of Chicago, passed into the commerce of the Red Sea, and thus are ex-
plained the statements of old writers who describe it as an
are supplied together for 12». 6d. per annum. HALSE, at the Arabian product. With regard to the botanical origin of
Cassia lignea, up to the present time nothing certain has
EDWARDPost Office Orders to be made payable to been ascertained. Though referred to a tree called Cinna-

General Post Office. momum cassia there is no warrant for this reference, no

The Chemist and Druggist is supplied regularly by arrangement wita competent observer having visited the districts from which
the Cassia was obtained. Bentley and Trimen state that
—their respective Councils to all members of the following societies : "though this species affords Chinese cassia, the fact has
never been proved."
The Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria.
The Pharmaceutical Society of New South Wale3. The Colonial Office took steps in 1881 to Clear up the un-
The Pharmaceutical Society of Queensland. certainty, and Mr. Charles Ford (Hong Kong) was permitted
The Pharmaceutical Society of New Zealand. by his Government to proceed to the cassia plantations on the
West river, and to report on its cultivation and collection.
Jtii$vnvti With the approval of Lord Kimberley, he started on his
journey, and completely succeeded in the object of his
PAGE PAGE expedition. From his report the following particulars are
abstracted. Mr. Ford arrived when the trees were flowering,
Pharmacalia 1 Legal and Magisterial 17 so that authentic specimens might be obtained for botanical
Cassia Lignea, Origin and The Spectacle Trade 17 identification, and the various operations of preparing the
2 bark might be witnessed. Three chief districts yield cassia,
Collection 2 Poisoning Cases 19 Taiwu, Lukpo, and Loting being market towns ; but its
2 cultivation extends over a large area of country stretching
Royal Botanic Gardens 2 Scientific Notes 20 to considerable distances from the towns. Taiwu is about
Papyrus and Paper ISO miles west of Canton. At Loting 52,600 English acres
"Crowding to Promote Health 3 Personalities 22 were said to be under cultivation, and that the area was
Corresponding Members of 3
4 Suggestions 22
the Pharmaceutical Society 4
Corner for Students Medical Gleanings 23
Pharmaceutical Council Miscellaneous Formulae 24

Corresponding Members .... Veterinary 25

Notes from Greece 25

Pharmaceutical Society of Ire- Editorial Notes 2*1
The Alkali Industry

land 5 Failu'es in 1882 27
Metropolitan Reports 6 Sale of Prussic Acid 23
Provincial Reports 7 29
The Chemists' Ball
Belfast : Poisoning by Pru=sic 7
Acid Synthetical Products, Vanil-

lin, &.c 59

Chemical Society 9 The Brotherhood of Science,

Pharmaceutical Legislation in Kolbe, and Baeyer 29

Queensland 3 Contract between Physician

The United States Tariff 10 and Druggist 29
Reviews—
American Imports of Drugs

and Chemicals 11. . . Pharmacopoeia of the U.S.*.. 31

New York Poison Laws 11 Notes of Novelties 3J

Pharmacy in New Zealand .... 12 Trade Notes 34

Pharmacy in Australia 13 Patents 35

Failures in 1880,1881, 1882 14 Gazette 36
Exchange Column 37
Drug- farming 14

The Use of Cements 15 Trade Reports 39

Law of Joint-Stock Companies 15 Correspondence 48

CUppings and Pickings 17 Foreign and Colonial 50

With this number of The Chemist and Druggist we extending every year ; but this dates only 25 years back
commence omr twenty-fifth annual volume, and we open our since the Tai-Ping rebellion operations being carried on
there for safety, and to protect the industry from the rebels.
year's work with an increased staff, and with greater ability Lukpo is third in importance, and the rest of the cultivation
is irregular and on a smaller scale. In some few localities
to serve the interests of the chemists and druggists who the trade has decreased, owing to low prices, which inter-
fered with profit. The Java trade is said to have unfavour-
Wehonour us with their support. think that a reference ably influenced that of China. Mr. Ford's specimens, which
were sent to Kew, were pronounced by Professor Oliver to
to our trade report will especially ustify these remarks. belong to the same species, the Cinnamomum cassia (Blume).

j The next point to determine was whether this might be

We hope to be able during the year now current to present considered the exclusive source of Cassia lignea. Respect-

a faithful reflection of Mincing Lane facts and ideas, so that ing this Mr. Ford enter'ained no doubt. He says : " This is

chemists and druggists in the provinces and in the Colonies the only tree from which cassia-bark, buds, or leaves of
commerce in China, so far as could be ascertained from
may have the means of making themselves fully conversant personal inspection and reports, are obtained." The trees
in the three great districts, as well as those in intermediate
with the course of the markets in which they are especially localities, were of this species, nor were there distinct
varieties under cultivation. Cultivators and natives were
interested. The few weeks after Christmas are always the unanimous in this opinion contrary statements, therefore,

most bare in trade information, but as the year progresses ;

events will be sure to occur, and will be reported in our made by writers must be ascribed either to mistake or want
of information on the subject. Casual observers may have
pages.
supposed other tree in part to yield cassia bark because
We publish herewith a full index to the last volume,
they are sometimes grown intermixed with Cinnamomum
and wo judge that, with that appearing, it is hardly neces- cassia. One in particular is reared to supply a glutinous
extract to stick together powdered cassia bark and sandal-
cary to recapitulate the history of events which are faith-

Wefully recorded therein. have sought to make this

index as comprehensive and as useful as possible. All

the patent specifications of pharmaceutical interest pub-

lished during the year have been included for the first time,

while several hundred formula? and a vast amount of
detailed information are indexed in the most convenient way

we can devise.

2 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

wood, to form the joss sticks used for incense. Dr. Hance, —paper-makers the Egyptians— in their papyri, and also in
the well-known Chinese botanist, identified Mr. Ford's
the rice-paper of the Chinese. Pliny tells us how paper was
specimens as belonging to Ciiinamomum cassia. In the Kew made in Egypt :—" They divide with a kind of needle the
stem of the papyrus into thin plates or slender pellicles,
Herbarium there is a cultivated Java specimen which agrees each of them as large as the plant will admit. These are
precisely with the plant collected on the West River. It the elements of which the sheets are composed. The
may therefore, remarks Mr. Dyer, be considered finally pellicles in the centre are the best, and they diminish in
settled that the Chinese Cassia lignea is really the Cinna- value as they depart from it. As they are separated from
the reed they are extended on a table and laid across each
momum cassia (Bluine), and that the plant cultivated at Java other at right angles. In this state they are moistened by
is identical with that now known to be the source of the the waters of the Nile, and while wet put under a press and

spice in China. afterwards exposed to the rays of the sun."

—The bark is collected and prepared as follows : The first The plant has long since vanished from its native country
;
cut of bark is obtained when the trees are about six years
old ; the season begins in March and ends in May, after it is yet found in the Upper Nile and on the Niger. It is
which month the bark loses its arorna. The branches about common in two districts in Palestine, especially at the
an inch thick are cut and carried into sheds, and pieces of Waters of Merom, and also in Syria and Sicily. The alleged
bark 10 inches long, and half the circumference, are obtained. differences between the Sicilian and Egyptian plant are,
Immediately after removal it is planed, and the epidermis according to Sir Joseph Hooker, trivial and inconstant. The
taken off ; it is then left to dry for about 24 hours ; tied up Papyrus antiqvorum, Cyperus papyrus, C. NUotica, and
in bundles about 18 inches in diameter, and sent to the mer- C. Syriacus are different names for one and the same plant.
chants' houses. The leaves are cleared from the branches, All belong, as our common English club rushes, to the
carefully preserved and dried, and afford by distillation Natural Order, Cyperacere.
cassia oil. The operation of distilling is performed at
Canton. The twigs are removed, and are a marketable The writer of the notice performed a curious experiment.
commodity for native uses. The buds are the immature
fruits. Buds and seeds required for sowing are obtained He took a reed of papyrus grown in the conservatory, and
from trees ten years old and upwards, and are left standing peeled off the outer skin. He cut the pith-like tissue into
amongst the trees, which are cut down every six years for thin longitudinal strips, laid them side by side, each slightly

their bark. These seed-bearing trees are not cut unless overlapping the next, on a flat table, crossed these at right
angles with another similar layer, just as a mat is made, ex-
there should be a demand for the very thick bark upon cepting the interlacing, and then placed the whole under a
press between bibulous paper, and, when quite dry, a sheet
their trunks. of papyrus or Egyptian paper was the result. The sample
was placed in a frame between sheets of glass, and com-
The account will be welcome to those who take pleasure pared with an ancient papyrus at least 3,000 years old. Dr.
in pharmacographical details, and who feel an interest in Birch says it is a portion of an Egyptian historical docu-
this class of original research. The details briefly recorded ment, date quite 1,000 B.C. Another papyrus from Syracuse,
mark an advance in our knowledge of the botanical and three years old, which was made by a family whose an-
cestors brought from Egypt both the plant and the art of
commercial history of medicinal plants. paper-making, was also placed in comparison. The three
samples are not to be distinguished from each other, ex-
** cept by the colour-tint of age, and more or less perfection
*
of handicraft. When examined by the microscope the
The Royal Botanic Gardens.
family likeness becomes the more marked. This manu-
The Royal Botanic Society of Regent's Park has discovered facture flourished towards the end of the Roman Republic,
that the admission tickets for the Sunday have not un- increased during the reign of Augustus, and was one of
frequently passed into wrong hands, and have been used by the principal occupations of the Alexandrians during the
those who were evidently not personally known to the time of the Emperor Adrian.
Fellows. It is desirable that this most enjoyable promenade
should be kept rigidly select, seeing that it is patronised by **
a large section of the best English society, and is par-
ticularly attractive to true lovers of flowers. It has been Crowding to Promote Health.
determined henceforth that the Sunday printed orders should
be discontinued, and that the only mode of entrance in the Strange theories from time to time make their appear-
case of visitors should be by means of written passes, and, ance. Not so long ago we had to note a medical opinion
as usual, by t he personal introduction of Fellows. Strangers that methylated preparations in general, and methylated
from the country should be aware of these regulations, else chloroform in particular, were preferable to those made with
disappointment might be experienced.
rectified, that is, pure spirit of wine. Hitherto, taught by
Papyrus and Paper.
Dr. Richardson, we have been led to believe, that open
A most readable and instructive short sketch of " Papyrus spaces, few houses containing fewer inhabitants, and trees
to keep up an abundant supply of oxygen, were essential to
and Paper " will be found in the current number of the the health of a community. Various little books on hygiene
official quarterly record of the Royal Botanic Society. Paper and sanitary arrangements, chiefly from Manchester, have
has been manufactured from so many sources that it would maintained the same opinion.
be more difficult to determine what special material has not
been found in the substance of paper than to define correctly Now, Dr. Parkin, from Brighton, tells us that the contrary
those which have been used in its production. Within the is the case, and that nothing is so beneficial as crowded
present century patents have been taken out for making neighbourhoods, and that no districts are so safe as where
paper in many thousand ways from the most seemingly merchants most do congregate. London, tlierefore,'Js one
of the healthiest spots upon the globe, as Brighton has every
incongruous substances. chance of soon becoming.
In the modern process one line alone has more or less
The notion is backed by statistics : outside the walls of
been followed : that of breaking up the original structure, Rome fever is rife ; inside the walls disease prevails
pulping, and then reforming it in layered sheets. This ; mongst the scattered population, not in densely-packed
.method is quite distinct from that employed by the first

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST, 3

localities. In the Ghetto, where the Jews are packed like CORNER FOR STUDENTS.

herrings, or swarm like bees, where the streets are narrow, Conducted by Eichard J. Moss, F.C.S.
and the smells are potent, fever is almost unknown.
THE subject of the next exercise will be a metallic
When a monastery has been vacated, the few attendants left
suffer immediately ; but when the former inmates return, a alloy. It is to be submitted to a complete systematic

healthful condition is restored. examination, designed to detect all its constituents, and to

A striking illustration is furnished by the outbreak of demonstrate the absence of other substances. A list of the

epidemic cholera in Jamaica, where the deaths in the capital metals detected is to be given, distinguishing those that are
were only an eighth, and in the smaller towns amounted to present in quantity from minor constituents.
one-third of the population. The conclusion drawn is that
Applications will be received up to January 20, and
crowded neighbourhoods are, per se, in a condition of salu-
portions of the alloy will be sent to applicants on the 25th.
brity. The theory does not seem to take into account the
Students' reports will be received up to February 15.
fact, that where there are masses of people living together
Reports.
special and unremitted attention to sanitary regulations is
The subject of the last exercise was German Silver, an
imperative, and that iii otherwise favourable localities pre- alloy consisting of copper, zinc, and nickel ; there was no

Wecautions of this kind are neglected. have often heard, other metal present in notable quantity, except iron.

however, of the unhealthy state of our evening meetings, German or nickel silver is one of the many valuable alloys
of copper. It is the " Packfong " of the Chinese, who have
and we are glad to find that an alteration for the better has
been acquainted with it from time immemorial, though it is
taken place in accordance with the theory just advanced.
only within the last half-century that it has been much
* employed in Europe. It is remarkable that copper, which

Corresponding Members of the Pharmaceutical is one of the most strongly coloured of the metals, forms

Society. several alloys almost as white as silver. Speculum metal

We notice with satisfaction the proposal, which has-been (2 copper, 1 tin) does not exhibit a trace of the colour of
the predominating constituent. White alio ys of copper and
carried unanimously, that there should be created a distinct
nickel admit of even a larger proportion of the coloured
class of Corresponding Members. A diploma, conveying
metal: the alloy containing 2 J- parts of copper to 1 of nickel
this title, is to ba conferred on a limited number of such
persons as have distinguished themselves id pharmacy, or is perfectly white. On the other hand, there are metals
any of the branches of knowledge embraced in the which have very little effect on the colour of copper when
educational objects of the Society. As the title implies,
such persons must reside permanently outside the limits of alloyed with it. Iron, though so closely related to nickel,
the United Kingdom. This plan is not only just, but is a
.graceful return of a compliment which has been paid to merely alters the colour of copper to an extent directly pro-
British pharmacists by foreign bodies. Many distinguished
men abroad have rendered direct service to the English portioned to the relative quantities of the two metals in the
Society, and shown an interest in its prosperity ; and the alloy. These facts show how difficult it is to form any opinion
personal trouble they have thus taken is a proof that they of the constituents of an alloy judging simply fromits colour.
hold our proceedings in honour, and that they will duly The quantities of copper, zinc, and nickel in German silver
value any formal recognition on our part. vary considerably, according to the use for which the alloy
is intended ; 8 of copper, 2 of nickel, and 3'5of zinc are pro-
Several amongst ourselves are aware, from private corre-
spondence, how acceptable this arrangement will be to a portions employed in the common German silver made in
Sheffield. The properties of the alloy are such as to admit
small band of men whose lives are literally devoted to of its being very extensively employed. It may be made to
•original research, and who confess sometimes to a certain resemble silver closely, and is capable of taking a high
feeling of isolation. It will please them greatly to find polish ; it is hard, and at the same time ductile. The acids

that their communications are no longer volunteer effusions, in culinary use have very little effect upon it, and accordingly
but that their contributions will be received under official it is used extensively for spoons, forks, and other domestic
articles. Gerrran silver is generally the basis of the silver
sanction. electroplated ware now so extensively used.

It is moreover desirable, both on public and on private The chief error to which we have to draw attention in this
analysis is the failure to detect nickel. Most of our con-
grounds, that the co-operation of distinguished men residing tributors, following the method recommended in November,
employed nitric acid as a solvent of the alloy. With
in other countries, and speaking another language, whose this reagent the solution was rapidly effected, and was quite
thoughts travel beyond the limits both of place and perfect, no trace of metallic matter or of insoluble oxides
speech, should be fittingly acknowledged. Whether, ac- being left. The colour of the solution at ouce suggested
cording to the strict letter of the law, our foreign corre- copper, and there was no difficulty in obtaining ample
spondents will be entitled to honorary membership or not is evidence of the presence of that metal in considerable
a disputed point ; one thing is certain, that a new order of quantity. The precipitation of the copper was best; effected
Honourable Members will be added to our ranks. from a hydrochloric acid solution, which was easily obtained

—Malt Extract Litigation. The United States agents by evaporating the original nitric acid solution with hydro-
chloric acid and then dissolving the residue in dilute hydro-
for the two Hoffs seem to have reached an acute stage of chloric acid. After the sulphuretted hydrogen precipitate
has filtered off, the colour of the filtrate was specially
competition. Moritz Eisner, of Philadelphia, is aarent for worthy of observation, and, indeed, gave an important in-
dication of one at least of the remaining metals. The
one of the Hoffs, and Tarrant & Co., of New York, are filtrate was green in colour. The only metals that could
•agents for the other. A Mr. N. E. Hurlburt, said to be a under the circumstances take any part in producing this colour
were chromium, iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel. Several
.representative of the latter firm, lately visited the city of of these metals might be present in such proportions
Jjrotherly Love, and during his stay there appeared in a as would impart a colour to the liquid that might be mis-
court, charged by Moritz Eisner with having slandered him. taken for the colour that would be produced by one of the
metals alone, but assuming the simplest case that could
Various statements that " Eisner's stuff was bogus," and
such like, were reported as having been made by Hurlburt,
and the last report we have seen states that the judge re-
quired him to find bail to the extent of 1,000 dollars.

— ——

4 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [Jar nary 15, 1883.

arise, the colour must be due to either chromium or nickel,

or to both. This point is soon settled, for on adding ®fje |^barmn:ceuticnl Council.

ammonia in excess, after proper steps were taken to oxidise

iron if present, a trifling flocculent precipitate of reddish

colour was produced, and the liquid remained strongly THE Council met on January S, Mr. M. Carteighe, Presi-
dent, in the chair, Mr. S. E. Atkins, Vice-president.
coloured, only somewhat more blue in tint than before. On
Messrs. Young and Borland were the absentees.
the addition of ammonium sulphide to this blue-green solu- After the formal business had been transacted, the Council

tion a copious black precipitate was produced, and on filt ra- went into committee to receive the report of the Law and!

tion the filtrate exhibited the brown tint so characteristic of Parliamentary Committee, and to discuss a draft

nickel. Without proceeding any further there was strong Pharmacy Bill

evidence of the presence of nickel, a conclusion that was which had been prepared. This occupied several hours.

abundantly confirmed in tLe course of the examination of the When the Council resumed, the following resolution was

Weprecipitate. refer to the colour indications at some adopted :
That the report of the Law and Parliamentary Committee of Novem-
length as they were for the most part overlooked. ber 22, December 18, and December 28 be received, and that the

It is satisfactory to find an improvement in the number of draft I'harmacy Bill be again referred to the Committee, with
power to confer w?th the Privy Council thereon.
competitors. The reports sent in this time show an amount
This being passed, Mr. Schacht intimated hi* resolve to
of painstaking practical work that cannot fail to be highly withdraw from the Committee, as ha had decided some time
ago that if there were a definite expression of opinion on the
beneficial to those who engage in it. part of the Council in favour of two particular clauses in
the draft Bill he could not continue to act on the Com-
Prizes. mittee.

The First Prize for the best analysis of the alloy has been Benevolent Fund.
awarded to G. Williams, 38G Bearwood Road, Birmingham.
The report of this Committee included a recommendation
The Second Prize has been awarded to Thomas G. Nichol- of five grants of 107., one of o?., and one of 151. It was
son, 5 Coleman Street, E.G. mentioned that employment was now being sought for the
elder of the two Isherwood boys, now in his 11th year.
Narks Awarded for Analyses.

G. Williams 97
94
T. G. Nicholson H2
92
W. Miller 90
90
Incognito
..90
C. W. Griffiths
90
G. Byrne 88
89
J. Laurie .. .. .. ., 85 Librarian's Eeport.
Gerth Gowland ., 8>
70
H. Sutton 65 The Librarian reported a total attendance during Novem-
ber of 027 during the day and 243 in the evening, the
Hydrargyrum £,0 respective averages being 2-1 and 11. Letters of thanks
were ordered to be sent to a large number of donors to the
Timon Tappertit 30
. . 25
Leander .. .. .. .. ..
20
Keep it Dark library.
J. B. C
The Curator
P. W. T

Crossbow reported 395 attendances in the morning and 104 in the
evening during the month of November. The year 1882.'
Random . . . . . . . . . . . . . . showed 3,983 attendances, against 3,845 in 1851. Letters of
T. G. C thanks were ordered to various donors.

TO CORRESPONDENTS. The Secretary had reported that he had written to the
India Office asking that further specimens of cinchona
—Prizes. The students to whom prizes are awarded are requested to write barks grown in India might be forwarded to the Museum,
and had received a reply stating that his request had been
at once to the publisher, naming the book they select, and stating how forwarded to India, with the desire that it might be complied

they wish it forwarded. witii as fully as possible.

Any scientific book that is published at a price not greatly exceeding It was also reported that the President had been in cor-
half-a-guinea may be taken as a first prize. respondence with the Colonial Office, asking that drugs,
colonial products, and papers relating thereto, might be
Any scientific book which is sold for about five shillings may be taken as forwarded, to the society, on the ground that the Pharma-
ceutical Society was the only body in London quite com-
second prize. petent to deal in all particulars with the subjects specified.
He had received a promise that it should be done.
* 4 * All commuEications should include the names and addresses of the
General Purposes.
writers.
This report, which was taken in committee, consisted1
—Gerth Goirland. The difference between your paper and the first-prize merely of the usual letter from the Solicitor respecting cases

paper is really very slight, aid is coifined mainly t<> the minor imparities;. which had been placed in his hands. He reported that
The style of your paper is good. You cannot practise too much.
E. Preston, Bury, had paid the penalty and costs.
—P. W. T. You will find it an advantage to adopt a different plan for Thomas McCreath, Newton Stewart, had paid a penalty
and costs ; and
writing out your results. When a group reagent produces a precipitate John Lawson, Newton Stewart, had also paid a penalty
mark off a vertical column to the left for the treatment of the precipitate and costs.
The report was received and adopted.
,
Corresponding Members.
and one to the right for the filtrate, the latter column to be again sub-
divided in a similar manner. This plan should also be followed, as far as The President then moved the following resolution :
possible, in dealing with the individual members of each group. In this
way you will get a clearer conception of the plan of operations and avoid That it is desirab'e to institute a clas;, limited in number, of Corre-
confusion. You will find, too, that by keeping your notes on this plan it sponding Members, to consist of such persons as have distinguished
is easier to work at different parts of the analysis at the same time. themselves in pharmacy, or any of the branches of knowledge
embraced in the educational objects of the Society.
—Crossbow. There was no immediate precipitate obtaiied on adding
The class of Corresponding Members to consist of persons whoreside
sulphuric acid to a strong nitric, acid solution of the alloy ; a minute permanently outside the limits of the United Kingdom.
trace of lead could, however, be detected. The filtrate from the
sulphuretted hydrogen precipitation could not by any possibility have The election of Corresponding Members to take place annually in
behaved with reagents in t he manner you describe. the same manner and under the same conditions as Honorarjr
Members.
—Random. Your method of analysis is quite wrong in principle. Yon

must remember that it is quite as necessary to prove metals to be absent
as it is to prove others to be present, and the only way to do this is by
applying the group reagents in proper order to the one solution, and then
examining each group precipitate systematically for each membjr that
could possibly be present.

T. G. C. -The errors in your analysis are obviously of that sort that ean
only be avoided by practice. You must study the reactions of the metals
experimentally, and try what you can do by examining mixtures of jour
own preparation.

January 15, 1883.] THE UHJfiMlST AND L>ttU UUliST. —

That it be referred to the Library, Museum, Laboratory, and House Mr. Draper dissented from the recommendation of the
Committee, to consider and report what limit should be fixed as
to the number of such Corresponding Members, and as to the best letter. The sooner the student began to endeavour to acquire
way of carrying out the foregoing resolutions. a knowledge of such important subjects as chemistry and
botany the better. If he had merely learned by rote, the
He explained that there were many distinguished men who examiner would see to that. The argument that the
student got a dislike to the subjects should not weigh for a
had worked for pharmacy and sent papers to the Journal, moment.
and many had recently come to the Society's house and
taken part in the deliberations for the advancement of phar- Dr. Collins : In what other way can the student learn
macy, but resided on the Continent, in the United States, botany and chemistry at first save by rote?
India, Australia, and other places. There were many, also,
some even in Iceland, who correspond with the Society's Dr. Whitaker said no doubt they should attach some
officers, and show generally an active interest in the.
efforts of the Society, and he felt that their co-operation weight to Dr. Moore's letter ; but in almost all the public
would be fittingly acknowledged by enrolling them as cor-
—schools botany and chemistry were now taught botany cer-
responding members. To many of these distinguished men
the privilege of an honorary member would be practically tainly was. There was not one of his children who did not
unavailable, but the status of a corresponding member would know the difference between the stamen and the pistil of a
be applicable to a large number of them. Having regard to
plant, and, in fact, the rest of the rudiments of botany,
these facts, and also to the fact that the bye-laws evidently although they were all very young. The great thing was to
contemplated the formation of this class, he begged to move instil the first principles as soon as possible. He, therefore,
the resolution standing in his name. thought their examiner would exercise a wiser discretion in
recommending even book -knowledge of the elements of those
The Vice-president seconded the motion, and Mr. sciences. His experience was quite the reverse of that of
Greenish also spoke in favour of it.
Dr. Moore.
Mr. Williams had not the slightest doubt about the de- The President said it was on his recommendation that
sirability of this resolution, but asked whether it would not
be wiser to enlarge the number of honorary members and botany and chemistry were introduced into the Preliminary
examination, and he confessed he did not see anything in
have only one list. Dr. Moore's letter to induce him to change his opinion as

Mr. Bottle took a similar view, and considered that regards the desirability of including those subjecis in the
the bye-laws contemplated only one class in referring to Preliminary. They were introduced into the Preliminary
"honorary and corresponding members." examination in order that it might lead to their being
taught in public schools. The Pharmaceutical Society was
The President said that in the diploma the title the first licensing body that took the step in question, and
"honorary member " alone was used. Of course all corre-
sponding members might be said to be honorary, and some he thought it was a move in the right direction. No doubt
of them might eventually be elected to the class of honorary it would lead to other licensing bodies adopting the same
members. course. At the same time their examiners were aware that
they did not think these sciences should be made an
The motion was put and carried unanimously.
important point at the Preliminary examination, as the
Report of Examinations. candidates afterwards were re-examined more fully.

The Examiners reported that 13 had submitted to the Mr. Draper said that, next to mathematics, there was no
better subject for training the mind than chemistry.
—Major examination 6 passed and 7 failed 122 Minor can-
; Mr. Grindley : Does Dr. Moore get sufficient time ?
The President : There is no restriction in that respect.
—didates had been examined 55 passed and C7 failed. He can have as long as he likes.
Mr. Brunker said he believed the knowledge of botany
Sale of Patent Medicines. possessed even by those who came up for the licence was

The President reported that a communication had been very often little better than book-cram.
received from the honorary secretary of the Nottingham and The President maintained that it was a good basis of
Notts Chemists' Association, enclosing a resolution passed at
a meeting, held December 19, in favour of procuring a knowledge for the student to have a knowledge of the con-
repeal of that portion of the Pharmacy Act which excluded tents of two text-books on chemistry and botany.
stamped proprietary articles from the operation of the poison
Dr. Montgomery : At what period are we to commence
regulations.
instilling a knowledge of chemistry and botany if not at
J^jmrmarcuttcal Sonet 0 of Jnkmo. the primary examination ? If we were to remove those sub-
jects from the Preliminary examination they might be
THE Council met on January 3 in Dublin. The President,
Dr. Charles Tichborne, in the chair. There were also totally neglected.
present Messrs. Allen, Bennett, Brunker, Dr. Collins, Doran,
Draper, Grindley, Hayes, Hodgson, Mcllwaine, Dr. Mont- Mr. Payne said the candidate for the Preliminary ex-
gomery, Payne, Pring, Simpson, Wells, and Dr. Whitaker. amination must be 16 years of age, and he should know the

Mr. Fennell, the Registrar, read a letter from Da John rudiments of the sciences in question before that.

William Moore, stating that in his opinion it would be Mr. Draper : If he does not he will never know them.
advisable for the Council to eliminate from the curriculum Dr. Collins remarked that several members of the Royal
of the Society's Preliminary examination the subjects of
chemistry and botany. His experience as an examiner of Medical Commission were of opinion that botany and
the Society for the past three years had led him to this con- chemistry should be in the Preliminary examination, but
clusion, on the grounds that those subjects were fully that there should be only one examination.
examined in at the final examination, and could only be
studied usefully in a practical manner. His experience of Mr. Brunker moved
the answering at the Preliminary examination convinced
him that the candidate learned off by heart as much of the Ihat the Council do not see any practical disadvantage arising irom
text-books as would enable him to obtain a passing mark,
and he considered such a mode of study worse than useless, the including of the rudiments of botany and chemistry in the-
and calculated to create a dislike in the mind of the student
Preliminary examination.
to the subsequent practical study of these sciences. He
Mr. Bennett seconded the resolution, which was carried
thought a thorough testing of the students in English,
Latin, arithmetic, and weights and measures would better nem, con.
fulfil the purposes of the Preliminary examination.
The President : A letter should accompany the resolu-
Mr. Brunker said they could not now take such a step
tion to Dr. Moore, in order to explain the views of the
as that suggested. It would involve the rescinding of bye-
Council.
laws.
A few letters of merely personal interest were read and

disposed of.

A letter dated December 1, 18S2, was read from Dr. Kaye,

Q.C., secretary of the Privy Council, enclosing the resolu-

tion of the Council of November 1, in the form as amended
by the law officers of the Crown. The original resolution

—was in the following terms :

That all candidates for the licence be required to pro luce a certificate
signed by a pharmaceutical chemist or apothecary keeping open
shop, stating that he has served a bond-fide engagement with him

as either apprentice or assistant in his sole employment for a term,
of four years. To come into force on January 1, 1881.

—— — — ——

;

The resolution as amended was as follows : that it was very easy to fluke examinations, and that the
best examiners were sometimes deceived.
Tiat every candidate for the licence shall be required to produce a cer-
tificate signed by a pharmaceutical chemist or apothecary keeping The President : Does Mr. Draper press his amendment ?
open shop, stating that such candidate has served a bond fide Mr. Draper said if he had the faintest chance of carrying
engagement as apprentice or assistant with and in the sole em- it he would. He felt very strongly on the subject of the
ployment of such pharmaceutical chemist or apothecary, or the
firm ol which lie is a member, for a term of four years. To come attempt to substitute an apprenticeship for the examination
into force on January 1, 1881.
test. He held that the examination standard was far too
Mr. Allen moved low, and that a young man should not be withdrawn

That every candidate for the licence who has not "passed the Pre- from study t^ an enforced apprenticeship of four years.
liminary examination previous to January 3, 1883, shall be The English Society had not yet found it advantageous
required to produce a certificate, signed by a pharmaceutical to substitute four years for two. (Voices : " No.")

chemist or apothecary keeping open shop, stating that such The President : He is right. No apprenticeship is
candidate has served a bond fide engagement for a term of four
years as apprentice or assistant, with and in the sole employment "required.
of such pharmaceutical chemist or apothecary, or of a firm of
legally-qualified pharmaceutical chemists or apothecaries, of which Mr. Draper : Not the drudgery of an apprenticeship.
aforesaid pharmaceutical chemist or apothecary is a member. The President said it had been stated two or three times

His object was to avoid the injustice which would be done there that the Pharmaceutical Society of England insisted

to candidates who had passed their Preliminary examina- on a three years' apprenticeship. He had made inquiries,

tion under the supposition that they had only two years to and had found that that was not so. The test they used
was employment for a given time in pharmacy.
serve if the resolution prescribing the new term were
Mr. Payne : For three years.
brought into operation at an earlier date than January 3. Mr. Draper's amendment was put and negatived.

Mr. Peing- seconded the motion, —Mr. Drunker moved the following amendments : First,

Mr. Doran : Suppose a candidate is accidentally prevented after the words Preliminary examination " to insert

from finishing the four years? Of this Society, or such examination as is accepted as equivalent to
same
The President If his employer died he would have to
: and, secondly, to add

commence again. Such term may be made up of shorter terms, amounting in all to four
years in the sole employment of a duly qualified pharmaceutical
Dr. Whitaker That is not what is intended. The
: chemist or apothecary keeping open shop.

resolution is very well worded in other respects ; but you These amendments were carried, but another moved by
the President, and seconded by Mr. Draper, that the date
might add a proviso to meet the case of death, or other from which the resolutions should take effect should not be
till January 1, 1884, was rejected.
exceptional cases.
On the consideration of a report from the Law Committee,
Mr. Draper said it would be idle for him to repeat the Mr. Hodgson observed that the expense of prosecutions
was a very serious one, and, unless the members of the
views which he had already expressed on this subject, and Society subscribed to recoup them, he did not see how they

which were absolutely unaltered. He saw no reason what- could be carried on.
The President thought the advisability might be con-
ever for converting the period of two years prescribed in
sidered of sending a circular to the members of the Society,
the Calendar, at page 56, into what was virtually an ap- informing them that a considerable amount of illegal com-
pounding was going on, and that funds were required in
prenticeship for four years. He thought the step a retro-
order to enable the Council to carry out prosecutions to
gressive one. He was unable to see what was to be gained
stop it.
by four years instead of two. He moved by way of amend-
HJctroplitan Reports.
ment
—Fires. On December 16 a fire broke out on the premises
That the regulation as regards practical pharmacy remain as at present
stated at [jage DG of the Calendar. of Mr. T. E. Langdale, distiller, Hatton Garden. The cause

Mr. Pring : I do not think that can be received as an —of the fire was unknown. All parts of the premises were
amendment to tbe resolution. The principle of having a
damaged by fire or water. On Christmas morning a fire
period of four years has already passed the Privy Council.
broke out on the manufacturing premises of Messrs.
The President said he was not an advocate for re-open-
Napoleon Price & Co., wholesale and export perfumers,
ing the question, but the remark last made did not come 8 Cumming Street, Pentonville Road, N. The warehouses
and manufactory were severely damaged. The loss is said
with good grace from a Belfast member, who came and to be covered by insurance.

reversed the decision previously arrived at by the Council. —South London School op Pharmacy. The following

He (the President) told them at the time that they were were the successful competitors at the examinations held in

making a very bad precedent. The resolution under con- —December at this school : Senior Chemistry : no prize

sideration had been merely sent back for amendment by the awarded. Junior Chemistry : Mr. Parker (medal), and
Mr. Oldershaw (certificate). Botany : Messrs. Pridmore
Privy Council it was not yet sanctioned by that body. He (medal) and Harvey (.certificate). Materia Medica : Messrs.
; Armstrong (medal) and Oldershaw (certificate). Pharmacy :
Messrs. Oldershaw (medal) and Johnson (certificate).
would appeal to Mr. Draper to recognise in any amendment Extra certificates were gained by Messrs. Burton, Horse-
field, Hurcombe, Austin, Arnott, and W. Kinson.
that he proposed the view arrived at by the majority of the
—Hospital Collections. The aggregate amount collected
Council.
for the Hospital Sunday and Saturday funds this year has
Mr. Hodgson seconded Mr. Draper's amendment. He reached the munificent sum of 43,296/. 12s. 2d. The former
fund, amounting to 34,124/. 12s. 2d., has been distributed to
had the strongest possible objection to altering tbe regula- 93 hospitals, 52 dispensaries, and 1,380/. for surgical appli-
ances. The latter fund, amounting to 8,872/., was given to
tion contained on the Calendar. It was quite understood 67 hospitals, 37 dispensaries, six convalescent homes, and
two surgical aid and appliance societies. It is noteworthy
at the time of the formation of the Pharmaceutical Society that the latter fund was chiefly collected in 3,000 workshops,
and that the streets' collection included no less than 5,000
that the principle of apprenticeship was abolished (cries farthings amongst copper money amounting to 900/. Citizen.

— —of " Certainly not ") and that the period of service was to

be two years spent in practical pharmacy, the qualifications

of the candidate to be afterwards ascertained by art examiner

iu pharmacy.

Mr. Draper said it was quite evident that the law officers

of the Crown had not a very strong opinion as to the value

of the Preliminary examination.

—Dr. Whitaker remarked that there was now no re-

opening of the question it was settled. Mr. Pring and

himself were the earliest reformers in pharmaceutical

matters, and they were satisfied that no amount of teaching

by lectures or otherwise could give the practical knowledge

that a pharmacist should have. Four years' service from the

age of 1G was a very small hardship, and a young man could

not be a pharmacist until after he was 21. They only wished

to uphold the honour and prestige of the Society, and make

it not second to the sister Society in England. He knew

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 7

The Chemists' Assistants' Association have migrated small bottle, with a red label, marked at the head, ft Caution
— Poison prussic acid.
from George Street, Hanover Square, to University ; J. P. Henry, dispensing chemist,
Chambers, 53 Conduit Street.
Belfast Pharmacy, 97 Donegall Street." Witness did not
—Inaccurate Glass Measures. At Clerkenwell, on
see the quantity that was in the bottle. This occurred
December 14, Mr. William Davies, chemist, of 292 Gray's
Inn Koad, was summoned for having had in his possession about 8.20 p.m. Two doctors were sent for immediately,
on December 4 three glass measures which were not stamped
according to statute, one of them being 10 per cent, over and after applying restoratives deceased tossed about in her
measure. The defendant, in answer to Mr. Barstow, said
he used the measure for poisonous drugs, but he knew his bed, and they thought the poison was eliminated, when she
business, and it made no difference whether the measures
were stamped or not. He did not sell laudanum or any such took a convulsion and died quietly at about 11.15. The
drugs to the public up to poisonous doses. He knew how to
make the exact quantities with the glasses complained of. head constable stated that Mr. Henry admitted having sold
He had had them replaced by stamped measures. Mr.
Barstow said that the defendant could not seriously allege the poison oz. of prussic acid), which cost 3d., on
that it made no difference whether glasses in which he
measured poisonous drugs were right or wrong, and ordered November 11. The entry in the book showed that she had
him to pay a fine of 20s. The fine was paid.
got the acid for toilet purposes. Mr. Henry had told him
Ijrobmrial Imports.
there was no person with the deceased at the time she got
ABERDEEN.
the acid, and that he knew her personally.
—Death after taking Sodium Salicylate. On
To the Coroner : We have a book of poisons. Prussic acid
January 6, died at Aberdeen, a moulder named George
Williamson. He bad been attacked by rheumatism, and is one of them.
on the 5th inst. kept his bed. His wife having read in a
magazine a prescription ordering sodium salicylate for rheu- —What are the restrictions ? I don't know.
matism bought some, and gave him a dose. He fell asleep,
and slept for some hours. When she tried to rouse him she A Juror (to another juror) : You know the restrictions.
found him insensible. Dr. Robertson, of Castle Street, was The Coroner (to the juror) : Who are you I
called in, but the man died the next morning. The Juror : My name is Rankin. I am a druggist.

ASHBURTON. The Coroner : Then you should not be on the jury.

On December 20 a bullock on the way to market got Mr. Rankin : Then I should not have been summoned.

frightened, and ran through the shop-window of Mr. Varder, A Juror : Then there is another should not be here.
chemist, smashing two panes of glass and the window-frame,
and upsetting the bottles. The Coroner : What, another druggist ?

BURSLEM. The juror referred to said he had been a druggist, but he

—A Curious Proclamation. Some alarm was caused in was out of the trade.
The Coroner : I hope you made your money by other
Burslem on Saturday night, in consequence of the crier
being employed by a chemist in the town to announce that means than by selling poison to young ladies.
a customer had by mistake been supplied with poison instead
of magnesia. It has not transpired whether the mistake A constable was despatched for the book of poisons and
was discovered by this means.
restrictions.
BELFAST.
On this being brought an extract from the Act of Par-
Poisoning by Prussic Acid.—The Belfast Coroner, Dr.
Dill, held an inquest on January 2 on the body of a young liament was read, to the effect that no poison should be sold
lady, Miss Adelaide Murray, aged 23, known in certain without a witness, except when such person was known to
circles in Belfast as a writer of some promise, contributions
from her pen having appeared in some local newspapers. the vendor.
Evidence was given to show that she had finished a tale
within the past three weeks, and that since that period she The Coroner, in commenting on the case, said that,
had commenced a longer story. Miss Lily Magee, a neigh- although the chemist who sold the prussic acid had adhered
bour and friend of the deceased, and the landlady of the
house where she lodged gave evidence narrating the cir- to the letter of the law in regard to the sale, yet he (the
cumstances. Miss Magee was standing at the parlour-fire coronei) was not so sure that the spirit of the law had been
at the time, and saw her take some fluid. She poured the
contents of some bottle, which she took from her pocket, sufficiently fulfilled, and he believed there were very few, if
into a cup about half full of milk and drank it. Witness any, chemists in town who would have sold ^ oz. of
followed her round the table to the door to try to get the prussic acid to a lone and single individual, and more
cup from her. Witness asked her what she had taken, and
especially when that individual was a young girl. He was
she replied, " Oh, it does not matter; nothing." Witness bound to say that, in the face of the public, and he did not
care how severely he was censured by persons or by the
told her she would leave the house when she did the like of Press; he said it advisedly. He believed there was not
that in jest, but deceased put her back to the parlour-door another chemist who would have made the sale.
and would not allow her to open it. She afterwards became
pale, and witness pulled her away from the door and opened Mr. Henry : I beg your pardon, Mr. Coroner, I believe any
it. She then called the landlady and told her what; had
occurred, and that Miss Murray was sick. The latter druggist
followed witness out to the hall, and leaned against the door
for a moment before she fell. At that time witness did not The Coroner : Now I don't want I am speaking to
know what the bottle contained, but the liquid she saw was
clear. The bottle (produced) had a label on it. It was a the evidence, placing the matter in the hands of the jury,

aud I say what I have said deliberately and advisedly. I

am speaking in the interests of the lives of the whole com-

munity and of the public. While Mr. Henry, or any person

else who thinks it necessary to do so, may make a statement

after a verdict has been come to by this respectable jury

regarding the life of the person that is gone, yet I am

bound to put my opinion in a shape that I hope will

protect the lives of persons in similar circumstances in the

future.

The Foreman remarked that what t he coroner had said was

—quite correct quite in keeping with reason and common

—sense.
The Coroner said he had exculpated the chemist if

—exculpation were necessary to the extent of attending

perhaps to the letter of the law, but he asserted still that

the spirit had not been abided by.
Mr. Rankin pointed out that Miss Murray had asked for

—the drug for toilet purposes a purpose to which it was

usually put. Besides, she was known to Mr. Henry, and had
often been in his shop before. The jurors were not inclined
to throw any blame upon him at all.

A Juror : How are we to know that he knew the party,

because the party is now dead and gone ?
The Coroner : That is severer than anything I have said,

Mr. Juror. If Mr. Henry has any statement to make I will
hear him. I thought the same establishment might have

been more prudent, to say the least, after the occurrences
upon a former occasion. Continuing, the coroner said that
even when doctors included poisons in their prescriptions
the apothecary often came personally to urge caution. in the
administration. He merely alluded to those matters to

p THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883. WSJ

show the caution with which a proper chemist dispensed LIVERPOOL.

drugs. Strange Suicide of a Chemist's Traveller.— An in-

The jury returned a verdict that the deceased had com- quest was held on January 9, by Mr. Aspinall, the coroner for
mitted suicide by swallowing a quantity of prussic acid Liverpool, on the body of James Howard Holland, a widower,
•while in a state of unsound mind. aged 70 years. Deceased was employed by a chemist in
Great Howard Street as a traveller, and lived on the pre-
DISS.
mises. He was a very heavy drinker, and had not been
—The Diss Almanac, 1883. We have received a copy of seen by his employer since December 1 last. Last Saturday

this annual, which appenrs for the twenty-first time. It is a boy called the attention of a police constable to a
published by Messrs. Gostling&Co , contains a large amount " bundle " floating in the Stanley Dock, which, on being
of local and general information, with some (id pages of brought to the side, proved to be the body of the deceased.
All that was found on the deceased was three half-pence.
advertisements. We are informed that it is produced At the other end of the dock were found the deceased's hat
and walking stick. In the hat were a muffler, a pair of
euticeiv in Diss.
—spectacles, some business circulars, and a piece of paper
EDINBURGH.
with the following words written on it : "To be or not to
—Inaccurate Wfights and Scales. Seven druggists
—were tined— five of them 5s. and two 2s. 6d. each at the be, wants to be answered well. To be. Then I take off my

Edinburgh Burgh Court, on December 10, 1882, for having hat, bow, and retire. Here lies Holland's body, full of
unjust weights and scales in their possession. The unjust
drink. Seven o'clock, December 1, 1882." A verdict of
articles were forfeited.
suicide whilst labouring under temporary insanity was
EXETER.
returned.
—Petroleum Fire. On December 22 a great tire occurred
MACCLESFIELD.
in Exeter. Fronting the river is a cliff of new red sand-
—Surgeons' Dispensing. Some curious disclosures were
stone, some 50 feet high, which has been been cut back to
make a roadway. In the face of this cliff a series of arched made at an inquest, held at Macclesfield, on January 5, on
the body of an o'd woman who had died from natural
vaults has been excavated, some used as stores for spirit, causes. The inquiry seems to have been prompted by the
but most for petroleum and mineral oils. About 7 a.m. a fact that the woman expired a few minutes after taking a
tremendous explosion was heard, followed by a burst of dose of medicine, which had been "dispensed" by the
flame from a vault occupied as a store by Messrs. J. L.
Thomas & Co. The vault contained petroleum and Alex- housekeeper of a surgeon to whose services she was entitled
andra oil, said to be uninflammable up to high temperatures. as a member of a sick club. The housekeeper's evidence
The next vault was occupied by Messrs. T. Sc C. Rowe, who elicited from the coroner an expression of surprise, to which
stored only rosaline, said not to flash below 140 3 to 150° F. the witness rejoined, " There's a wr hole row of bottles out of
The next two vaults were occupied by Messrs. Thomas. which I can get medicine." The club doctor had, moreover,
Shortly after the first, another explosion was heard, and it given a certificate of death, although, as was alleged by the
was found that Messrs. Thomas' two other vaults had
ignited. The fire burned for 28 hours, or until the stock in deceased's friends, he had not seen the old woman during

the three vaults was exhausted. A schooner lying opposite her illness. The jury censured the doctor in their verdict,
which the coroner said would be forwarded to the " proper
was burnt. The river was covered with burning oil for
some time. From the peculiar position of the vaults quarter."
the damage to property was less than might have been
expected, Messrs. Rowe's vault remained unignited, in ROTHERHAM.

spite of the ordeal of fire on each side. —Bad Sweet Spirit of Nitre. On December 2G Charles

GLOUCESTER. Tinsley, grocer and greengrocer, Parkgate, was summoned

A Chemist Fined for Selling Whisky.— At the for selling adulterated sweet spirit of nitre, at Rawmarsh.

Gloucester Police Court on December 10, Albert A. Curtis, Mr. Superintendent Hammond stated that he purchased

from the defendant's wife 2 oz. of sweet spirit of nitre,

a chemist, of Westgate Street, was charged under two in- a third of which he sent on the following day to the public

formations by Mr. Hunt, acting supervisor of Inland analyst. The report of the analyst stated that the sample

Revenue, witb having, on September 15, unlawfully sold was entirely destitute of the real nitrous ether, which was
two gallons of whisky without having a licence, for which
the most important constituent of sweet spirit of nitre. It

offence he was liable to a penalty of 1007. and, further, would be almost valueless as a remedy it was the worst
; ;

with having on the same date sent out, delivered, and re- case of the kind he had ever had. The defendant said he
moved two gallons of whisky not accompanied by a permit
had only purchased one lot of sweet nitre, and did not

of Excise, for which offence he was liable to a fine of 5007. know anything about its nature. He was fined 20s. and

Mr. Eldred, inspector of Inland Revenue from Somerset costs.

HouSe, prosecuted, and Mr. F. Green, of Gloucester, ap- —A Chemical Company. On December 16 Vice-Chan-
peared fur defendant. From the evidence it appeared that
cellor Bacon heard in the High Court of Justice, Chancery
defendant has a branch shop at Sharpness, which is in Division, a petition by Mr. John Berger Spence for the com-
charge of an assistant named James Watkins. who on pulsory winding-up of the Rotherham Alum and Chemical
Company (Limited). The business was originally carried
(September 15 was asked by a captain of a vessel staying at on by William Beatson. John Mycock then entered it as a

Sharpness, whose medicine-chest he (Watkins) was fitting, partner, and, as a result of long legal proceedings, the busi-

if he could supply two gallons of whisky. Watkins, ness came into his hands. On September 14, 1881, the
business was converted into a limited company under the
not knowing he was doing wrong, said he could, and wrote
above title, with a nominal capital of 32,000/. in 1,600 shares
to Mr. Curtis at Gloucester for it. Defendant accordingly
purchased the whisky from a wine merchant named Redding of 207. each. According to the affidavit of the provisional
liquidator, only 536 shares had been taken up by 22 share-
at IS.;, a gallon he therefore charged the captain 20s. a
; holders. Of these 250 were vendor's shares, on which 157.
was credited as paid, and 51. a share remained to be called
gallon. When spoken to by the collector of Inland Revenue up. On the remaining 286 shares, 121. 10s. a share had
been called up, leaving 2,1457. 10$. as assets, making in all
at Gloucester the defendant admitted supplying the whisky. 3,3957. 10*. On July 28 the petitioner, Mr. J. Berger
Spence, drew a bill on the company which was dishonoured
Mr. Redding, the wine merchant who supplied the spirit, when presented. Action was commenced there on No-
vember 9, but was thrice postponed on the motion of the
admitted that be had been fined in a small penalty by the company. Judgment was signed on December 5 for the
amount of the bill and costs, but on December 4 the com-
Board of Inland Revenue for selling without a permit. pany held an extraordinary meeting, passed a resolution to
wind up voluntarily, and appointed a provisional liquidator,
After a loDg hearing the defendant was fined 57., without obtaining, without the knowledge of the petitioner, an order

costs.

HULL.

Diluted Spibits op Nitre.— At the Police Court, on
Dec;mber 27, J. J. Mountain, druggist, Great Thornton
Street, was fined 20s. and osts for selling 4 oz. sweet nitre
to the sanitary inspector, for which he charged one shilling,
and which Mr. Baynes, the Borough analyst, certified to have

been diluted with 33 per cen f .of wa'er.

——

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 9

restraining him from proceeding on his order. It was mouth. In the concluding part of his address he advocated
alleged for the company that the assets, if judiciously
realised, would pay all the debts of the company and return the practice of pharmacy proper apart from a miscellaneous

a- few pounds to the shareb.olders._-.llie Vice_-,Gaaucellor, in trade, and the abolition of dispensing by medical men and
delivering judgment, said that he could not say that a
voluntary winding-up should not proceed, but it was evident prescribing by druggists the extension of provident and
that the defendant company had resorted to flimsy pretexts ;
to delay the petitioner's proceedings, and it was evidently a
co-operative principles for the wants of the working class,
case in which the supervision of the Court should be
exercised. That would give the protection the petitioner showing that modern ideas of development and division of

was entitled to. Order was accordingly made, petitioner to labour must be applied to medicine and pharmacy. A vote

have costs out of the estate. of thanks was passed to the lecturer, and also to Mr. F.

SOUTH SHIELDS. Slinger, who occupied the chair.

—" Sweet Spirit op Nitre." Last month we reported CHEMICAL SOUIETY.

proceedings taken before the South Shields bench of county December 21.
magistrates, on November 7, on a charge of selling adul-
Dr. Gilbert, F.R.S., President, in the chair.
terated sweet spirits of nitre, brought against John Atkinson,
general-dealer. The spirit had been sold to Atkinson by The following papers were read :
Mr. Mays, pharmaceutical chemist, who had purchased it of
Messrs. Davy, Yates & Routledge. Mr. Mays gave evidence " On the Condensation Products of CEaanthol," Part II.,
that he had examined the sample left with Mr. Atkinson, by W. H. Perkin, jun. The author has studied the action
and found nitrous ether in it. The case was therefore of nascent hydrogen upon oenanthol. When this substance is
adjourned that the third sample might be sent to Somerset
House. The Government chemist reported that the sample dissolved in acetic acid and acted upon by sodium amalgam
did contain nitrous ether, and when the case came again
before the magistrates on December 5 they dismissed it. Hheptylic acid is produced, an aldehyde, 2e O, and an
C,
At the Durham Quarter Sessions, held on January 4, the 4
county analyst in his report remarked on the case as fol- Halcohol, C M 029 ; if the cenanthol is dissolved in ether,

lows : heptylic alcohol, a solid aldehyde melting at 29 5° (C^H^O),

" He could not conclude his report without referring to and a second substance, C^H.^O, are formed. By oxidising

a matter which had arisen at South Shields, out of the the aldehyde, C,,H.,9 0, with silver oxide, a small quantity of
adulteration of sweet nitre. The case was heard before the Han acid C H
,O boiling at 300°-310°, was obtained. The
South Shields County Bench on Tuesday, December 5. He
; c,
stated in his certificate that the sample contained no
nitrous ether. His analysis was disputed, and the sample author has also studied the action of nascent hydrogen
was referred to Somerset House. The authorities there re-
turned it as containing nitrous ether, in accordance with upon the aldehyde C M H;8 0, and discusses the constitution of
the Pharmacopeia of 1S51. The case was dismissed. Now, these new bodies.
he would like to point out that the South Shields Bench
had no right to dismiss that case without calling further "On the Behaviour of the Nitrogen of Coal dining
evidence upon oath. The London Pharmacopceia, by Act 25
and 26 Victoria, chap. 91, had given place, along with all Destructive Distillation with some Observations on the
Pharmacopoeias in the United Kingdom, to the British ;

Pharmacopoeia. He could only express his indignation and Estimation of Nitrogen in Coal and Coke," by W. Foster.

surprise that a certificate like that should have come from It is usually stated in text-books that coal contains about
Somerset House, and been acted upon by the magistrates.
In justice to himself, he would say further, that he had o n 2 per cent, of nitrogen, which, during destructive distil-
all occasions tested drugs submitted to him as public analyst
by the tests contained in the British Pharmacopceia, and by lation of the coal, comes off as ammonia. The author find*
that test the sample of sweet nitre in question gave no in-
dications of the presence of nitrous ether, whilst a genuine that this statement is not true. A Durham coal was used

sample would give abundant proof of its presence. He was containing 1-73 per cent, of nitrogen, and giving 74 5 per

no stranger to the ingredients of sweet nitre, and he held cent, of coke. If the total quantity of nitrogen in the coal
that the British Pharmacopoeia should be his authori'-y."
is taken as 100, that evolved as ammonia is only 14-5 per
TODMORDEN.
cent., as cyanogen 1-56, as nitrogen in the coal-gas 35 20 per
—Fatal Fire. On December 1G an explosion occurred at
cent. ; left behind in the coke, 48 68 per cent.
Walsdon, Todmorden, on the premises of Mr. Hy. Ellison,
" On the Absorption of Weak Reagents by Cotton, Silk,
chemical manufacturer. A pipe was frozen up and the men
and Wool," by E. J. Mills and J. Takamine. The reagents
were heating it, when one oi the stills exploded, completely
are sulphuric and hydrochloric acids and caustic soda. This
wrecking the premises and killing two men— Thomas Stan-
paper chiefly contains tables, with results calculated to give
field, manager, and Thomas Ogden. After the explosion the
tar, naphtha, and oil caught fire, burning the two men places of decimals.

almost to a cinder. " On Bructne," by W. A. Shenstone. Various observers

have stated that biucine, when treated with dilute nitric

acid, yields either methyl or ethyl nitrate or nitrite. The

author has s tidied the action of hydrochloric acid upon

brucine quantitatively, and has proved that more than one

molecule of methyl chloride is evolved from one molecule of

brucine he concludes that brucine is strychnia, in which
;

two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by two methoxyl groups,

Hand its formula may be written C . 0)(C13. ; !Sl„0 2 .
:;
21l !

"Researches on the Induline Group," by O. N. Witt and

E.G. P. Thomas. "Induline" is a term applied to all

coloured compounds formed by the action of arnidoazo com-

pounds on the hydrochlorides of aromatic amines with elimi-

nation of ammonia. The authors have studied in the present

paper the formation of amidoazobenzene and its action on

aromatic hydrochlorides, and especially on aniline hydro-

chloride.

" Preliminary Note on some Diazo-derivativesof Nitroben-
zylcyanide," by W. H. Perkin.

YORK. —Pharmaceutical Legislation in Queensland. The

Yobk Chemists' Association.—The first of a series of Fharmacy Bill, which could not be passed last year through
lectures was delivered before the members of this associa- the upper house of legislature, has been again introduced.
There is considerable opposition on the part of the medical
tion on December 20, 1882, by Mr. Spencer, L.R.C.P., on the profession. The Medical Board has no power to examine
" Relationship between Medicine and Pharmacy," when pharmaceutical candidates or to grant certificates in phar-
there was a numerous gathering of the younger members of macy, but is bound to register all candidates who present
the trade. The lecturer reviewed the ancient as well as the themselves with proof that they have served a three years'
modern and scientific methods of the administration of apprenticeship. Still the Medical Board is one of the bitter-
drugs and chemicals, and gave practical information for the est opponents of the new project, and seven of its members
guidance of the rising students in pharmacy. Having have circularised the members of the Queensland Parliament.
pointed out the importance of studying the physiological They state that the position of the Brisbane pharmacists is
not high enough to lit them for the responsibility of self-
action of drugs, Dr. Spencer dwelt upon the necessity of an government, and that contests wouid almost certainly arise
advancing pharmacy, in the separation of active principles between the Pnarmacy Board and the Medical Bjard.
from drugs, and their preparation in shapes suitable for in-
halation and injection under the skin as well as by the

. ;;

10 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

THE UNITED STATES TARIFF. Present Proposed by
Import the Tariff
Commission
Duty

TTTE ment ioned last month that the Tariff Commission of

T T the United States had finished their investigations Mace 25c. per lb. free
5c. per lb.
and issued their report recommending a considerable exten- Magnesia, medicinal carbonate 6c. „
12c. „ 10c. „
„ calcined £c. „
sion of the free list and a reduction of duties in various ,, sulphate, or Epsom salt 1c. „ free
Nutmegs 25c. „ 6c. per lb.
Weforeign products to the extent of 20 to 25 per cent also
3c. „
showed that in consequence of the almost embarrass- Licorice, paste or roll 10c. „

„ juice 5c. ,.
Hempseed, rapeseed, and other oil
ing surplus of revenue over expenditure, combined with the
seeds of like character, other than
increasing pressure of the free-trade advocates, there were

good reasons for anticipating that the recommendations of linseed or flaxseed i<=. fa'

the Tariff Commission were likely enough to a great extent Oils, essential, expressed, distilled, or
rendered alkalis, alkaloids, or com-
to prevail. The following are the changes recommended binations of any of the foregoing,

by the Commission so far as they concern drugs and and all chemical compounds and salts 20-50 p.c. ad ral. 25 p.c. ad ral.
by whatever name known, and not
—chemicals and the medicine trade : specially enumerated or provided for $2.50 per lb.
Oil of bay-leaves, essential, or bay rum, 50c. „

Present Proposed by essence, or oil .. .. .. 50c. per oz. 10c. per gallon
Import the Tariff .. free
Oil, croton $1 per lb.
Duty Commission 23c. per gallon
„ hempseed and rapeseed
,, of lemon 50c. per lb.

,, of neroli or orange-flower 50c. „
30c. „
., of orange 10c. per lb.

Acid, acetic, not exceeding sp. gr. 1'047 5c. per lb. 2c. per lb. Paraffin free

,, exceeding sp. gr. 1-047 . 30c. „ 10c. „ Phosphorus 20 p.c. ad. ral. 10c. per lb.
Acid, tartaric 15C. „ 10c. „
Acids for medicinal, chemical, or Totash, iodide 75c. per lb. 50c. „
50c. „
„ iodate 75c. „
manufacturing purposes not speci- 1c. „
,, nitrate, or saltpetre, crude .. Jc. „
ally enumerated lc. „
Alcoholic perfumery and Cologne water 10 p c. ad. ral. free „ ,, ,, refined .. 2c. „ 10 p.c. ad. rat.
Arrowroot 1 3 and 50 p.c.
75 p.c. ad ral. Quicksilver free
$30 ad ral.
free Santonin .. .. .. .. .. $3 per lb. $2 per lb.
35 p.c. ad. ral.
Assafcetida 20 p.c. free Sealing-wax. &c lc. per lb. and 20 p.c. ad. vat.

All barks, beans, berries, balsams, Soaps not otherwise enumerated I 2c. per lb.

buds, and bulbous roots, and excres- 30 p.c. ad. ral.
10c. per lb. and
cences, such as natgalls, fruits,

flowers, dried fibres, grains, gums Soaps, toilet 25 p.c. ad. ral. 15c. „

Spirit 1, nitrous ether |
Sponge
and gum-resins, herbs, leaves, lichens, Strychnine 50c. 30c. „
20 p.c. ad. ral.
mosses, nuts, roots and stems, spices, salts .. 45c. per lb.
50c. per oz.
vegetables, seeds (aromatic, not gar- Sulphur, sublimed or flowers $1 per oz.
Turpentine, spirits 50c. „
den seeds), and seeds of morbid Varnishes of all kinds .. 81-50 ., $20 per ton
$20 and 15 p.c. 20c. per gal.
growth, weeds, wood used expressly
30c. per gal. 50 p.c. ad. ral.
for dyeing, and dried insects, any of 50c. and 25 p.c.

the foregoing of which are not edible,

but which have been advanced in

value or condition by refining or

grinding, or by other process of

manufacture, and not specially enu- Free List.

merated M-30 p.c. ad ral 10 p c. "d ral. The importation of the following articles to be exempt from duty,

Borax, refined 10c. per lb. 3c. per lb. —as before :

Green and coloured glass bottles, &c. 40 p.c. lie. „ Aconite ambergris ; balm of Gilead ; musk, crude, in
Flint and lime glass bottles, &c. 30 to 40 p.c. 2c. „ ;
Cassia, cassia buds, cassia vera, un-
natural pod ; civifl? crude ; cochineal ; fish skins ; ipecac. ; isin-

ground 10c. per lb. glass or fish glue ; leeches ; rennets, raw or prepared argal, or argol,
;
free
or crude tartar ; barks, cinchona, or other barks used in the manu-
Castor beans 60c. per bushel 30c. per bushel

„ oil $1 per gallon 50c. per gallon facture of quinia ; Brazil paste camphor crude ; charcoal ; cinna-
Chloroform $1 per lb. 50c. per lb. ;

Oinohonidia mon, and chips of, unground ; cloves and clove stems, unground

40 p.c. ad. ral. free cocculus indicus ; curry and curry powder ; dragon's blood ; ergot ; ginger
root, unground; iodine, crude; jalap; lemon juice and lime juice;
Collodion, and all preparations of, by 50c. per lb.
whatever name known
liquorice root, unground ; litmus prepared or not prepared ; manna ; nux
Collodion, rolled, or in sheets, but not
made up into articles .. $1 GOc. per lb. vomica ; attar of roses ; salacine. Oils.—Almond, amber, crude and recti-
20 p.c.
Corks and cork bark, manufactured .. 30 p.c. fied ambergris ; anise, or anise seed ; aspic, or spike lavender ; bergamot,
Cream of tartar 10c. per lb. 6c. per lb. ;

Drugs.' barks, beans, berries, balsams, cajeput, carraway, cassia and cinnamon ; cedrat, camomile, citronella, or

buds, bulbs, and bulbous roots and lemon grass civit, fennel, jasmine, or jassamine ; juglandium, juni-
;

excrescences, such as nutgalls, fruits, per, lavender, limes. Pepper, unground, of all kinds pimento, un-
;
flowers (dried), fibres grains, gnms
; ground ; poppy rosemary or anth03 ;1 sesame or sesame-seed or bene ;
;
and gum-resins herbs, leaves,
; thyme or origanum, red or white valerian ; salep, or ealoup ; storax, or

lichens, mosses, nuts, roots and stems,

spices, vegetables, seeds (aromatic, styrax ; Venice turpentine ; valonia ; vegetable and mineral wax ; arsenic ;

not garden seeds), and seeds of mor- bromine; cadmium; calamine; cerium; mineral waters, natural; oxi-

bid growth weeds, wools used ex- dising paste ; quinia, sulphate or salts of ; vaccine virus ; crude minerals,
; not advanced in value or condition by refining or grinding, or by other

—pressly for dyeing, and dried insects
any of the foregoing of which are

not edible and are in a crude state, process of manufacture, not specially enumerated or provided for in this

and not advanced in value or con- Act. Articles, the growth, produce, and manufacture of the United States,

dition by refining or grinding, or by when returned in the same condition as exported bat proof of the iden-
;
other process ol manufacture, and
tity of such articles shall be made under regulations to be prescribed by
not specially enumerated free

Preparations : All medicinal prepara- the Secretary of the Treasury, and if such articles were subject to internal
tax at the time of exportation such tax shall be proved to have been paid
tions known as essences, ethers, ex-

tracts, mixtures, apirits, tinctures, before exportation, and not refunded. Articles imported for the use of the

and medicated wines, of which al- United States, provided that the price of the same did not include the

cohol is a component part, not speci-

ally enumerated 50 p.c. ad ral. 50c. per lb. duty Burgundy pitch ; castor or castoreum ; cuttle-fish bone ; gold size
;
50c. per lb.
Ether, sulphuric $1 per lb. 25 p.c. ad ral. tamarinds.
Glucose 20 p.c. ad ral.

Glyoerine 30 „ 2c. per !b.

„ refined 30 5c. „ —An American Pharmacienne. Martin's Chemists and

Hoffman's anodyne 50c. per lb. 30c. „ Druggists' Bulletin records the death at Masonville, New
Jersey, of Miss Mary Ann Marshall, at the age of 94. She
Iodine rembl 40c. „
Medicinal preparations known as was a grand-daughter of Christopher Marshall, the first and
for many years the only druggist in Philadelphia. After
cerates, conserves, decoctions, emul- his death his grand-daughters, Elizabeth and Mary Ann
Marshall, successfully conducted the business. The same
sions, extracts (solid or fluid), in- business is now in the hands of Messrs. Mackeown, Bower,

fusions, juices, liniments, lozenges, Ellis & Co.

mixtures, mucilage', ointments, oleo

resins, pills, plasters, powders, resins,
suppositories, syrups, vinegars, and

I waters ; of any of which alcohol is 25 p.c. ad ral.

not a component put, and not
specially enumerate! or provided for av. 40 p.c. ad ral

—— —. — . ., . . —

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 11

AMERICAN IMPORTS OF DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. Exports of Foreign Merchandise,.

THE following are from the statistics published by the ]882 i881
United States Government as to the imports and ex-
ports of the nation in 1881 and 1882 : FREE 254,988

Imports. lbs. : 58,234 $244,051

Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medi- $392,761 —231,004
value J9.S81
1882 1881 cines, n. e. s. . 2.562 22,196
lbs. 33,246 12,182
ditch and gambier 10,940 207,894
lbs.
Dyewoods, in sticks 373,134 6,205
2,677 362,788
Frie. Gums . . .. .
325,200 $115,723
lbs ii i ci ca a Vegetable, fixed or expressed
OO,C9titt0Z ,ib?1lUA |70,087 35,967
Cork, bark, and manufactured wood value 3,342,8^6 i(Pji C>bPGQe,A4CU\(U\ Volatile or essential . , .. . lbs. 6,625
Chemicals, drugs, dyes, medicines, 1,082,892 2.525 1,014
Chloride of lime or bleaching powder lbs. 1,041,752 DUTIABLE. 4,253
$5,236,902 15,123
value $4,952,774 l!^ Q07 07fi Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medi- 89 3,080
7i,oy i ,boo 29,524
lbs. 1,013,508 cines, n. e. s. . , . value 47,484
1,087,124 26,501,043 291 $4,492
„ 8,126,522 Whale and fish, not of American 20,727 181,502
1 ,239, 2C6 1 ,345,672 $7,507
Dyewoods, in stacks cwt. 19,788,509 15 24^,956 fisheries 11,533
2,721,958 :0,976
Madder, not including extract lbs. 173,120 Olive, not salad . . . . . . . lbs. 70.575
Oils, whale or fish, not of American 873 627 928,994 All other vegetables, fixed, n. e. s. 28.073 795,379
,, Volatile or essential, n. e. s. . 605,050
fisheries 170,828 133,611 938,355
Oils, vegetable, fixed or expressed . gals. 1,591,208 999,408 Perfumery and cosmetics value 1,155.446
Oils, volatile or essential lbs. 356,194 587
500,557 bo,b7o,49o lbs.
143,2o6,41n
Sulphur or brimstone, crude tons 87,281 Soda and Salts of -
82,077 Bicarbonate
$,-ft.4j,7m/**7m,0OP00t? Carbonate, including sal soda and
$5,324,322
Dutiable. vah;e 31 Spices of all kinds ; also ginger,
Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medi- gals. 232
200,004 ground; pepper and mustard .. 1
cines, n. e. s gals. 49,716 185,119
205,521 164,653 cwt.
Oils- 1 95,788 320,707
Coal and other mineral oils 429,557 139,858
Whale and fish, not of American 148,479 299,248
137,261 $311,562
fisheries $381,808 7,795.612
8,228,225 509,219
594,412 NEW YORK POISON LAWS,
1,005,025
All other vegetable, fixed, n. e. s. lbs. 1,284,882 THE following provisions of an Act passed in 1860 apply
Volatile or essential, n. e. s. 224,516,758
232,024.551 34,907,423 to all places in New York State with a population of
Perfumery and cosmetics value 44,565,111 1,000 and upwards, except the cities cf New York and
1,048,404
lbs. 7,053,457 Brooklyn :
8,801,454
bush. 9,089,437 3,546 1. No person shall sell or give any poison or poisonous
5,777
Soda and salts of substance without recording in a book, to be kept for that

lbs. purpose, the name of the person receiving said poison, and
his or her residence, together with the name and residence
Carbonate, including sal soda ar.d of some person as witness to such sale, excepting upon the
written order or prescription of some regularly authorised
Acetate, sulphate, phosphate, and practising physician, whose name must be attached to such
all other salts of soda, n. e. s.
order. Such books shall be kept open for inspection.
Spices of all kinds ; also ginger,
ground pepper, and mustard . 2. No person shall sell or give or dispose of any poisonous

cwt. substance, except upon the order or prescription of a regu-
larly authorised physician, without attaching to the vial,
Exports. Domestic Merchandise. 1881 box, or parcel containing such poisonous substance a label,
with the name and residence of such person, and the word.
1882 " Poison " all printed upon it in red ink, together with the
name of such poison written or printed thereon in plain and
Dutiable
legible characters.
lbs. 1,416 571 687,995 3. These provisions shall apply to the following substances,
417,447 783,349
Ashes, pot and pearl 811,136 903,116 excepting when sold in wholesale quantities of one pound
or over, viz. : Arsenic and its various preparations, oralic
Bone-black, ivory-black, lamp black $2,750,740 $2,385,539
$780,110 $506,096 acid, corrosive sublimate, chloroform, sugar of lead, tartar
Drugs, chemicals, and medicines, 277,300 209,605
256,719 297,562 emetic, opium and its preparations, oil of bitter almonds,
value 1,001,891 920,024 cyanurets of potassiums, mercury, silver, zinc, deadly night-
38.584 40,497 shade, henbane, poison hemlock, prussic acid, aconite and
Dyestuffs its various preparations, atropia and its salts, cantharides,
297,402,215 318,353,513 ' croton oil, daturia and its salts, delphinia and its salts,,
Glue lbs. digitalis and its salts, mix vomica and its preparations,
bbls. 31,822,793 28,805,427 elaterium, ergot and its preparations, veratria and its salts,
Rosin and turpentine cannabis indicus and its preparations.
Tar and pitch ii)s. 11,908,263 15,597,373
3:59,095,894 317,585,452 Fine for infringement, #50.
Oilcake gals.
0,261,136 3,718,580 The law affecting the sale of poisons in the city of New
Oils- bbls. York provides that only registered druggists may sell the
70,532 65,989
Minerals, crude (including all na- following poisons in retail quantities :
tural oils without regard to 327,513 463,283
gravity) 34,995 82,623 Schedule A .
Arsenic and its preparations, corrosive sublimate, white
Mineral, refined or manufactured 281,271 159,026
naphthas, benzine, gasoline, &c. 502,089 564,525 precipitate, red precipitate, biniodide of mercury, cyanide of
potassium, hydrocyanic acid, strychnia, and all other poison-
Illuminating 562,301 1,445,695 ous vegetable alkaloids and their salts, essential oil of bitter
36,692 47,961 almonds, opium and its preparations, except paregoric and
Lubricating (heavy paraffin, &c.) other preparations of opium containing less than two grains
Residuum (tar, pitch and all other •118,116 $93,376 to the ounce.
$274,007 $202,165
from which the light bodies 2,112,903 2,040,881
have been distilled) 9,530,265 6,342,533
Animal
84,759 257,834
Neatsfoot and other animal 7,093,922 4,869,166
Sperm 4,407,179 9,625,915
Whale and other fish
Vegetable- 64,920 118,376

Volatile or essential value

lbs.

gals

——

11 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

Schedule B. of the leading chemists have subscribed a considerable sum

Aconite, belladonna, colchicum, conium, nux vomica, hen- towards a valuable microscope for the use of the students
in pharmacy. Whilst this spirit of hearty co-operation and
bane, savin, ergot, cottonroot, cantharides, creasote, digitalis
unity of purpose exists among us the profession promises a
and their pharmaceutical preparations, croton oil, chloro- bright future in respect of its higher aims, when scientific
form, chloral hydrate, sulphate of zinc, mineral acids, carbolic knowledge and intellectual improvement will be linked
acid and oxalic acid, without distinctly labelling the bottle, inseparably with the commercial traffic and turmoil of the
box, vessel, or paper in which the said poison is contained,
and also t lie outside wrapper or cover, with the name of the chemists' everyday business.
article, the word " Poison," and the name and place of
business of the seller ; nor shall it be lawful for any person Examinations.
to sell or deliver any poison enumerated in said schedules
We have had two quarterly examinations, held simul-
A and B, unless upon due inquiry it be found that the pur-
taneously throughout the colony, since the passing of the
chaser is aware of its poisonous character, and represents
that it is to be used for a legitimate purpose. Nor shall it Act. The first was held on July 5 last, when the following
be lawful for any registered pharmacist to sell any poisons five candidates passed out of eight who presented them-
included in schedule A, without, before delivering the same
to the purchaser, causing an entry to be made, in a book selves :
kept for the purpose, stating 1 lie date of sale, the name and
address of the purchaser, the name and quality of the Thomas Gordon, Wellington.
poison sold, the purpose for which it is represented by the Edward C. Collins, Auckland.
purchaser to be required, and the name of the dispenser : Henry Pickford, Wellington.
snch book to be always open for inspection by the proper H. A. Hawkins, Dunedin.
authorities, and to be preserved for reference for at least rive John Berry, Christchurch.
years. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the The last examination was held October 11 last, when, out of
dispensing of poisons, in not unusual quantities or doses, five candidates, only one passed, viz. :
upon the prescriptions of practitioners of medicine.
John Henry Bennett, of New Plymouth.
The Act does not affect practitioners of medicine who do
The standard closely resembles the Modified examination
not keep open shop. of Great Britain, and the questions are framed, apparently,
to test fairly the general knowledge of the candidate and
PHARMACY IN NEW ZEALAND. frustrate the obnoxious expedient known as " cram." As
the present Pharmacy Board has been nominated by the
Auckland, November G. Government, and will retire July 1, 1884, it is proposed that
the newly- elected Board should adopt a higher standard,
Prosperity of the Colony. upon a par with that of our sister colonies, at that date.

PROGRESS in the drug tride and matters pharmaceutical Amendments in Pharmacy Act.

keep pace with the advancement of the colony, and, as Mr. J. A. Allan, the energetic Secretary of the Pharmacy
the or.e may be taken as a practical indication of the other,
the following figures in reference to the colony itself may Board, has supplied me with the following suggested
not be out of place. Our population in 1870 was 248,400, in
1880 it was 489,909, or nearly double in a decade. Our amendments : —
growth in wealth is no less marked. In 1870 the values of
1. Improvement in the provision for election of members of Board.
New Zealand imports and exports were respectively
2. Providing machinery for obtaining the representative vote of
4,639,015*. and 4,822,720/. In 1880 they were 6,162,011?. and
6,352,6!>2Z. These figures speak for themselves. Since 1880 registered chemists upon matters affecting their interest?, such aa
the Government returns show a much greater proportional requisite bye- laws and regulations under the Act.
increase than in previous years, so that altogether we may 3. Recognition of apprenticeship as a preparatory qu alification in the
scale of general efficiency, in the same manner as required by the
—safely assert that in all departments of trade and the drug Board of Great Britain and Victoria.
4. That the working of the " Sale of Poisons Act," which is at present
—trade is no exception there is an amount of activity and unsatisfactory, should be placed under the control of the Pharmacy
Board of the colony, as is the custom elsewhere.
expansion that points to permanent material advancement.
Amendments to effect these modifications are urgently:
Donations.
—needed to make our Act what it should be, and strenuous
Many of our New Zealand chemists have been good cus-
tomers to the English wholesale houses consequently, when efforts will be made to secure the required legislation;- »--

; Medical Jurisprudence and Doubtful Analysis.

our Pharmaceutical Society was established, various centres Herewith I enclose the detailed newspaper account of an
of the Society received suitable gifts from firms doing busi- interesting case of conflicting sworn evidence as to the
ness in the colony. The first was that of Messrs. Evans, presence of arsenic in the stomach of a person supposed to
Lescher & Webb, who presented the branch in Auckland
with a handsome nir.hogany cabinet of materia medica have been maliciously poisoned with that agent. Two
specimens suitably inscribed. The next was a local gift medical men who attended the deceased made an analysis,
and proved to their own satisfaction that arsenic was present
from the New Zealand Drug Company, who sent a cheque in their tests, which, by the way, went to confirm their
diagnosis as to cause of death. On the other hand, Mr. J. A.
to the Wellington branch for \QQL, to be spent on their Pond, the district analyst, and member of the Pharma-
library. Quite recently the Christchurch branch have had ceutical Council, proved by what would seem an exhaustive
the good fortune to fall heirs to a splendid collection of analysis, that their so-called metallic crystals were only
sulpho-carbolate specimens, exhibited at the Christchurch silica, and that not a particle of arsenic was present in the
system of the deceased. The jury agreed with Mr. Pond,
Exhibition by Messrs. F. C. Calvert & Co. and found a verdict in accordance with his evidence. The

obvious moral in this case is : receive with extreme caution
the analysis of inexperienced amateur analysts, who are not
experts at the profession.

Educational Facilities A female smuggler named Bronar met with a serious

Are much fewer in New Zealand than in the parent country, accident at Lyons on December 16, while in the exercise of
her illegal calling. She had concealed several bladders full
therefore such acts of thoughtful liberality are keenly of alcohol under her petticoats in order to pass them through
appreciated, and held in kindly remembrance, and placed the octroi free of duty. Being arrested on suspicion of
upon the credit side of the donors' account with colonial smuggling, she pierced the bladders with a pin, and the
friends. liquor ran out before she reached the police station. On
arriving there, however, she incautiously attempted to dry
Efforts are being made in the four Pharmacy centres to pro- her clothes before a red-hot stove. Being saturated with
mote the education of apprentices, who are now fully alive to alcohol, they took fire. Madame Bronar received such in-
the necessity for thoroughness in their studies. Money has juries before the flames could be extinguished that her life
been voted for the four central libraries by the Council of the was in danser.
Pharmaceutical Society, and the Drug Company have offered
to import the books free of cost. Lately in Auckland a few

•

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 13

PHARMACY IN AUSTRALIA. the danger of having to fill their places by men of shallow-
knowledge and inferior attainments.
(from ocr own correspondent.)
Three questions of importance have arisen out of the late
Melbourne, Victoria, Nov. 18.
examination. Firstly : Should an examiner act on a Board
THE attractions of the racing carnival of the year, the
Melbourne Cup, have brought together this month an when his relations are to be examined ? Secondly : Should
unusually large number of our pharmaceutical friends, not
a master act as examiner to his apprentices ? Thirdly
only from all parts of Victoria, but also from the neigh- :

bouring colonies, and on Cup day, which is now a public Should men in business examine assistants from opposition

holiday, one meets on the lawn visitors from all parts of shops ? While there is no suspicion of unfair dealing in

Australia. Unfortunately, this year the weather was most the late examination, yet these proceedings are open to

unfavourable. very grave objections. The questions will be solved ^by the
new Act.
There is a large co-operative compan}- in Melbourne who
carry on business as the Mutual Store. Hitherto they have Mr. Frederick Wright, who has been giving a course of
lectures on "Practical Pharmacy " at the Technical College,
not included medicine in the list of articles vended, but at
a recent meeting of the shareholders it was resolved that a Sydney, appears to have been very successful in his efforts
dispensary should be added to the store. This step is not to make his subject both instructive and interesting. At a

of course viewed with favour by pharmacists, many of the recent lecture Mr. A. J. Watt, who presided, referred to the
shareholders being well-to-do people. The legal aspect of
recent examination held as being an exceedingly satisfactory
this proceeding recalls the case of the Pharmaceutical
Society of Great Britain v, the London and Provincial one, reflecting great credit upon the successful candidates
Supply Association, which was tried in England in 1880. It
is, however, questionable if the Mutual Store will find their and also upon their lecturer, whose efforts had had the effect

new branch profitabl :. of raising the standard of examination aud greatly stimu-
The first number of a new price current has just been
lating apprentices to study their profession.
issued by Messrs. Felton, Grimwade Sc Co., of Melbourne,
and they are to be congratulated on having produced Mr. J. Bosisto, M.L.A., is on a visit to Adelaide, where he
by far the best publication of the sort that has ever
appeared in the colony, and one which reflects great credit proposes spending a few weeks. Mr. Bosisto, who will be
both on the firm by which it is issued and Messrs. Mason,
Firth, and McCutcheon, who have done the typographical the guest of the Hon. G. Coulson, of Adelaide, may be

portion of the work. reckoned amongst the pioneers of South Australia, as he

Some extensive alterations have been proposed in the landed there over 31 years ago, and prior to his arrival in
schedules to the " Sale and Use of Poisons Act," by Mr.
Blackett, M.L.A. The amendments will add to most of the Victoria he carried on business as a chemist there. Mr.
poisons in the first schedule to the Act the words, " its pre-
paration, or all solutions or admixtures thereof," and Bosisto, while in the neighbouring colony, will visit the

several articles heretofore in Part II. will be taken into principal olive and forest plantations with a view of making
Part I.
himself acquainted with the system of cultivation adopted.
The recent prosecutions for the sale of arsenic sold under
the name of " vermin-destroyers " show that there has been Olive-planting has been ati ended with great success in
great carelessness in the custody of poison.
South Australia, and Mr. Bosisto has always advocated the
A new regulation has lately been made by the Pharma-
establishment of a similar industry in Victoria, certain
ceutical Society of Victoria, to enable them to legally sue
for, and recover at law, the diploma of the Society from districts being admirably adapted for that purpose.
persons who have ceased to be members. All persons now
elected have to subscribe to an undertaking that they will The conservation of forests has also received careful con-
deliver up their certificates on ceasing to be members.
sideration in South Australia, and Mr. Bosisto expects to
This course was rendered necessary iu consequence of
persons outside the colony, who were desirous of obtain- obtain some valuable information prior to the introduction
the diploma, becoming members, and paying a single year's
subscription, and afterwards declining either to return the of a Forest Bill into the Victorian Legislature.
diploma or to pay the subscription, although they still
called themselves members of the Society. The Society In reference to my remarks about the scarcity of
have therefore taken this step under legal advice, and will,
in all future cases, prosecute the defaulter. assistants, which appeared in jour journal some months

Mr. J. M. Wilkinson, a member of the Pharmacy Board of since, I have received a letter from a recent arrival, from
New Zealand, and Vice-President of the Dunedin branch of
the Pharmaceutical Society of New Zealand, has been stay- —which I extract the following :
ing in Melbourne. Mr. Wilkinson leaves for England in a
few days to enjoy a well-earned holiday of eight or nine I may add thit niy own experience of the last few months since my

months. arrival in Victoria coincides in every respect with the views expressed in

I hear from a Sydney correspondent, under da'e of the letters of the home Correspondent of The Chemist and Druggist. I
October 20, that " for some' weeks past the Board of Phar-
macy have had under consideration the new Pharmacy Act, can fully endorse his remarks on .the ^inducements offered either to
They have spared no pains in collecting information regard- assistants or those who enter into business on their own account, finding
ing the working of similar Acts in other colonies, and believe
their new Bill will combine all the advantages of those Acts. the colonies a better field than the old country, and, so far as my own

A new Act is sadly needed, as the present one is eluded and personal knowledge goes, the United St«tes of'Ameriea or Cape Colony. I
refer to the class of men named by the home Correspondent, viz., those who
evaded with impunity." are not only qualified, but are steady and not afraid of work. The day is
The late pharmacy examination resulted in eight out of passed when men who are neither qualified for the profession nor fit to
serve behind the counter can hope to earn a living in the practice of
nine candidates passing what the examiners have been medicine or pharmacy by simply leaving'tbe old country and emigrating.
pleated to term a highly satisfactory examination. It is to
be hoped that the young gentlemen who have distinguished I am pleased to find the State of Wisconsin, in North America, has passed
themselves will not rest content with their present attain- a Pharmacy Bill framed after the English Act. I met in a backwood
ments. Hitherto no native of the colony, except the Society's
lecturer, has been called upon to occupy a prominent position township iu this same State in 1873 a druggist (who was dubbed doctor,
in the trade, and when our veterans pass away there is his title a bogus degree purchased from one of the pseudo- American
colleges or schools of medicine) who had in his employ as assistant a man
nearly 30 years of agj, who informedfme himself that a few weeks previous
he was employed at the bench fas a mechanic—not possessing up to that
time any knowledge or experience of the drug business. In the same
township was an old school-fellow of "mine from England practising as a
medical man, being duly qualified in the States.

I merely mention the above circumstance to show the great change
which is taking place in thejstitus of the practice of pharmacy in new
countries, giving to unqualified men little or no better chance of finding
suitable employment than if they remained at home.

—Prescribing by Telegraph. The Electrician publishes
—the following : An employe of the Eastern Extension

Telegraph Company, stationed at Cape Bolimao, Manila, had

a narrow escape the other day, having taken 10 grains of
sugar of lead in mistake lor a similar quantity of ammonia.

He telegraphed for advice to the Hong-Kong telegraph office.
Dr. Hartigan of that city came down to the office, and sent
him advice per cable, which resulted in his recovery. The
distance between Hong-Kong and Cape Bolimao is about 555

miles. Probably this is the first time that a doctor has pre-

scribed for a patient over 500 miles away from him.

. —, ... 97 —

14 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. ..

[January 15, 1893.

FAILURES IN 1880, 1881, AND 1882.

From " Statistics of Failures in the United Kingdom" compiled by Mr. Richard Seyd, F.S.S.

The various branches of Commerce show the following proportions of failures in the jears unJernoted :

ISSO 1881 1882 In Retail Trade?, &c, there were :- Grocers, provision dealrs, 1880 1881 1882'
105 94 1 366 3 226 1,0<8
Agents, commission .yarn, 146 &c.
3 1 ' 23 ' 37 30
tic 1 91 Hairdressers, perfumers 38 45 38
114
Bankers, joint - stocli 130 8 1880 1881 1882 Hatters 208 151 172
10 ~ 18 19 147 117 101
banks, and foreign •JO en 5 Accountants 34 12 13 Ironmongers, japanners,
0 tinmen 5 6 3
bankers 9 28 Actors, artists. Sic. 28 28 20
12 32 157 157 12C"
Eoots and shoes 71 25 Aerated waters, ginger 133 1*0 Jewellers, watchmakers 19 15 15
15 32 340 297 3 2 I
Brewers SO 28 11 beer, &c. 38 Journalists 58 31
33 64 46 49
Cigars and tobacco 10 17 45 Auctioneers, house- Labourers, bricklayers, 30 23
46 1 11 12 6 16
Cement and asphalte . 22 23 9 agents, surveyors 141 35 slaters 82 14
31 37 32 88 98 68
Coals 18 8 25 Bakers 325 62 23 Leather dealers .. 76 68
33 652 Lime-burners 63
Contractors 31 218 181 Blacksmiths 67 605 293 39 75 60
2 8 302 17 36
Corn merchant 5 millers, 31 Boat-builders, njast- 12 Lodeing-bouse keepers.. 20 2ft
, 7 —7 —s 62 17
&c. makers IS 75 Looking-glass makers, 17 17
209 22 11 i:o C 16
Cotton and colonial 4 3 4 Brewers 40 134 picture frames.. 3 IS
2*3 49 2
brokers —10 17 lit Brlckmakers 42 282 55 Mariners 52 34
39 VI Masons 56 33
Cotton spinners and 22 1(!6 1C1 Brush and basket makers 27 53 21 4 60
132 15 41 2
manufacturers.. (i 133 Builders, architects, Sic. 644 73 71 Millers and corndealers 12 8
2 1 62 Milliners, artificial 8
Curriers, tanners, and 20 Butchers .. .. .. 338 124 U 9 11
26 34 118 32 florists, &c 18 17
leather merchants 1.19 21 15 Cabdrivers, carters, &c. 12 30 22 IS
21 25 129 251
Discount and bill brokers 132 22 29 Cab, omnibusproprietors, 159 Miners, colliers .. 250 10 241
35 17 39 Music sellers and pub- 8 11
Wholesale chemists, 24 36 31 livery- stable keepers . 74 41 61 159
48 42 68 Cabinetmakers. uphol- 75 16 138 859 120
dru?gists, Sic 7 71 73 31 lishers .. 916
19 13 76 93 813.
Drysalters, oils, and 20 14 9 sterers, furniture, Sic, 98 60 Musical instrument 59 54 59
40 19 84 356 64 55
colours 47 makers 146 374 makers and dealers .. 6 9
72 1,314 9 4 2 11
Dyers, bleachers, and Carpenters. joiners, 8 Newspaper proprietors . 7
11 1 301 316
finishers wheelwrights .. 21 Nursery men, florists 369 63 88
7 15 65 13 26
Electroplaters Carriage-builders 61 19 596 Oilmen .. .. .. 10
856 71 59
Engineers, founders, iron, Carriers, cart-owners . 44 96 Opticians 70 298 314
26 61 311
metal, and hardware Carvers, gilders 22 97 Organists, professors of 30 46
00 47 music . 21 99 85
merchants Cattle and horse dealers 81 86 31 38
63 211 Pawnbrokers 45 87 68
Financial agents Chemists, druggists 95 77 65 60
223 51 70
Glass, lead, earthenware, Clerks 129 Photographers .. 13 8 8
00 110 Plumbers, painters, gas- 11 9
&c Clerks in holy orders . 40 13
Gunpowder 160 2 ,1 1
Coal-dealers 144 fitters 345
585 416 341
Hats and caps Coffee and eating house Potters 530 488

Hops keepers 41 Printers, stationers, en- 9,705

Jewellers Confectioners 86 gravers, &c

Manufacturers and mer- Coopers 21 Publicans

chants of woollens, Corn chandlers, hay and Saddlers, harness-makers

wonted, elastics, silks, straw dealers 109 Schoolmasters

stuffs, hosiery Cowkeepers, dairymen .. 77 Sewing-machine dealers

Merchants Drapers, hosiers. Sic. 449 Shipwrights
Shoe and bootmakersand
Oilcloth Dyers and cleaners 3
Engineers in Navy and
Provisions dealers
officers in Army and
Rope, sails, &c Navy (active and re- Solicitors

Ship brokers and owners Stockbrokers, jobbers,&c.

Shipbuilders tired) 25 Surgeons, physicians,

Stationers, paper, &c. .. Farm bailiffs, game- dentists

Sugar-refiners keepers 14 Tailors

Tea, coffee, and groceries Farmers 1.22S Timber dealers Si sawyers
Timber
Fishing-smack owners . 26 Tobacconists
Warehousemen and im- Fishmongers, poulterers 121 Toy and fancy dealers .
Tradesmen's assistants..
porters of foreign goous Furniture dealers, brokers 44
Wine Gardeners, market gar-
Travellers

Woolstaplers and mer- deners 56 Turners

chants General dealers, curio- Undertakers

Woollen and cotton sities 197 Yeast-dealers

wastes Glass and earthenware Miscellaneous

dealers . 64 Private persons
Greengrocers, fruiterers,

Total .,478 1.325 potato salesmen 177 Total 1L1I,,6669 10,680

DRUG FARMING. this country, for 50 years ago his grandmother used to have

APROPOS of " drug- farms," it may not be out of place *o it in her garden, and collected the saffron. Now he would
know where the seeds can be had, about the cultivation, &c.
quote a few remarks from the American Agriculturist
as to the commercial aspect of the question : It is quite likely that an article has appeared in some paper,
setting forth the probable profits of saffron culture, though
" About a dozen years ago excitement prevailed over opium
we have not yet seen it, but these inquiries are generally to
culture. A person in Vermont had raised the poppy, and be traced to such a source. Saffron is worth #15 per lb.,
collected the opium. A Philadelphia chemist certiiied that and our inquirer is right in the fact that his grandmother
used to collect saffron. But this saffron is not that saffron.
the opium contained more morphia than the best imported, There is saffron and saffron, the one being #15, and the
and many were the inquiries from those who would at once
go into poppy-growing and opium- gathering. Of course, the other #0 50c. per lb.
production of opium in a small way was no new thing, and "The plant to which the correspondent refers, though
knowing that one of our friends in Wisconsin had been suc-
cessful in it, he at our request gave the process in full, from usually called saffron, is more properly safflower. Its botanical
sowing the poppy to collecting the minute yield. Every name is Carthamus tinctorius. It is closely related to the
necessary step was given, and every operation that he de- thistles, and may be described as a thistle-like plant, a foot
scribed was necessary to success. Probably every farmer or two high, with smooth, but prickly leaves, and heads of
who read these clearly-described details was at once cured dark orange-coloured flowers. It is annual, and its seeds
of all desire to cultivate opium. So far as we are aware,
the only one who made any money out of opium culture was may be had at the seed stores. The plant has been cul-
the Vermont man, who sold seeds of the ' Genuine Opium
Poppy ' and a book of directions. tivated in Eastern countries so long that its native place is
unknown. Formerly it was used in immense quantities as
" Just now there are inquiries about saffron. Some one
has ascertained that the wholesale price of saffron is #15 a dye, and the commerce in it has been large. A few
or more per lb. He knows that the plant .will grow in
generations ago it was usual to devote a part of the garden
to those medicinal plants in common use, and safflower had
a place with balm, rosmary, rue, and others, which were

duly cut, and hung in the garret to dry for use 'in case of

sickness.' Who does not remember the odour of the old

— — ;

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 15

garret? As to the safflower, or ' saffron,' the flowers were We" would add that, in addition to possessing this ad-
pulled from the heads, dried, and put away in papers. They
are not regarded as having any medicinal qualit ies, but some vantage, the application of heat also renders the surfaces
years ago a family was regarded as poorly prepared for
measles without them. So much for ' saffron.' The other, more penetrable to the layer of cement, after the manner of
real saffron, is a peculiar product, and is obtained from a soldering, and makes the interlocking of the molecules more
perfect. This explains the greater degree of tenacity of a
species of crocus (C.sativus), which is much like the common well-made joint with only a thin layer of cement."
spring crocuses of the garden, but it blooms in autumn It
is supposed to be a native of Asia Minor, but has become THE LAW OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES FROM

naturalised in most European countries ; it is sometimes FORMATION TO DISSOLUTION.
seen in cultivation in our gardens. Like other crocuses,
this has a long style, the ovary being below ground, and WE hope none of our readers will be alarmed by the title
divides at the top to form three stigmas. It is this part of this article, or think that an explanation of the law
which forms the true saffron. The flowers are gathered in
the morning, these stigmas are separated, and the rest of necessarily implies an abstruse dissertation on legal prin-
the flower thrown away. They are dried on paper and sent
to market loose, or are pressed to form cakes. It has been Weciples and practice. are not writing for lawyers, but
found that it takes 4,320 flowers to yield stigmas enough to
for pharmaceutical chemists, and we intend to keep this
make one ounce of saffron of course 16 times as many to
; fact steadily before us.

make apound, and our inquiring friend may consider whether, The principle of limited liability, which was first intro-
duced into English law in 1855, and rendered more easily
if he had the plants all cultivated to his hand, he could practicable by the Companies Act, 1862, and subsequent
afford to do the collecting of these stigmas even at what
seems to be the high price of $15 per lb." enactments, has become so universally popular that there
are few persons engaged in business who have not some in-
THE USE OF CEMENTS.
terest, direct or indirect, therein. Either as directors,
THE Jen-dler and Mi'tahcorhcr quotes the following from a shareholders, or creditors of joint-stock companies, nearly
work by M. Sibon :
" When two objects are united by a cement, this will lose all professional men and tradesmen are, or have been, con-
much of its value if unski. fully applied, and, in order to use cerned. The most gigantic enterprises and speculations are
it to the best advantage, the following practical rules should carried into effect by mean3 of limited liability, which is
be observed :
equally applicable to the establishment of a village coffee-
ff 1. The surfaces to be united must be quite clean.
" 2. The less cement, wax, &c., that is interposed house or other business of insignificant proportions. From
between them, the better will they adhere. This is owing
to the fact that witli a thick layer the object has, at the a bank with a capital of several millions, to a coffee public-
junction.no more rigidity than that of the cement itself house which is conducted with a smaller number of hundreds,
as a rule, this is more fragile than the material it is em-
ployed to unite. is a wide range, but the principle of limited liability is
" 3. There should be perfect contact between the cement
and the surfaces. With a view to securing this, the object equally applicable to both.
must be first heated to a point such that the wax or cement
cannot solidify without having first had time to effect a Doubtless the Companies Acts have been used by unprin-

perfect union. cipled adventurers for the purpose of downright swindling
;
" This remark is especially applicable when using sealing-
wax, mixtures of resin, shellac, and similar materials. They but the following observations are not intended to apply to
will not adhere firmly unless the surfaces have been heated
very nearly to the point of fusion to the cement. The seal- such cases. Our object is rather to give the bond-fide in-
ing of letters offers an example in proof of this assertion.
When the seal has been used several times, in succession, or vestor such general information as may be useful to him.
has been left too long on the wax so as to become hot,
it will adhere and cause some inconvenience if further We should, however, be neglecting our duty if we did not

employed. warn all our readers to be most cautious in committing
" With hot melted glue adhesion is best secured by fric- themselves to membership in a company of which they know

tion or a moderate pressure. nothing, and the business of which they do not understand
"Sealing-wax is excellent for uniting metal to glass or ;

stone, providing they are sufficiently heated to melt it; for, in all such cases no greater liability ought to be incurred

if applied to cold surfaces, it will not adhere at all. By than could be met without inconvenience, even if the result

heating two pieces of glass or stone ware sufficiently to melt should be the total loss of the nominal value of all the shares
shellac, a small quantity will suffice to make them adhere
firmly together; notwithstanding that everyone has seen subscribed for.
such joints, very few succeed in making them, for the simple
reason that they do not recognise the necessity of heating a The distinction between private partnerships and joint-
delicate piece of glass or china to the point which is essential
for securing a good result. stock companies has been entirely created by modern Acts

"In conclusion, the principal obstacles to adhesion are air of Parliament. Formerly, all commercial transactions were
and dirt. The first is always present ; the second is due to
accident or carelessness. All surfaces are covered with a carried on either by single individuals or private partner-
thin layer of air that is very difficult to remove ; its influence
prevents highly-polished metal from being moistened when ships. The disadvantages of this system were numerous
immersed in water. So long as this layer of air is not dis- ;
placed the cement cannot adhere to the surface to which it
is applied, because it cannot come into direct contact. The that with which we are now principally concerned being
most effective agent for displacing this air is heat. Metals
heated to about 75° C. (170° F.) are immediately moistened that any person who took an interest, however small, in a
on being plunged into water; hence it follows that, as
regards cements that are applied in a fused state, heat is the trading speculation was responsible to his last penny for the
best means of bringing them into intimate contact with the
debts of the partnership if the business proved to be unfor-
surface.
tunate. The danger of loss was altogether out of proportion

Weto the possibility of profit. may briefly mention another

disadvantage, viz., that in an action by or against a partner-
ship firm or company, it was necessary that every member

of the firm, or shareholder, should be a party to the pro-

ceedings, which in the case of a large company was simply

impossible. Now, all private partnerships consisting of

more than 20 persons are illegal ; and if the business carried

on be banking, there must not be more than ten partners.

The efforts of the Legislature were in the first instance

directed to removing the latter difficulty, by providing for

the appointment of a registered public officer of each com-

pany, in whose name all legal proceedings by or against the

company might be conducted, the liability of the share-

holders being left unlimited. Very few unlimited com-

panies now exist, and we do not propose to occupy space by
any further explanation of the law respecting them, as we

hope few of our readers would be interested therein. The

result of winding up a company of this class is so ruinous

that prudence ought to restrain business men from incurring

the risk of being involved therein.
The following observations refer solely to companies

registered with limited liability, which have the privi-

—

16 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

lege of sueing and being sued in the registered name of the The subscribers of the memorandum of association ar&

company, without the intervention of any officer thereof : the first directors of the company, but they are bound to

A company cannot be registered without the signatures of call a general meeting of the company within four months

at least seven members ; and if at any time the number of after registration, when directors and officers are appointed-
members be reduced to less than seven, the affairs of the Subsequent general meetings must be held at least once a

company must forlhwith be wound up. If a registered com- year, and may be held of tener if necessary.

pany carries on business for more than six months with less Directors must be shareholders, the articles of association
than seven members, the privilege of limited liability is lost, prescribing the minimum share qualification. In addition to
and each member becomes individually liable for the whole their limited liability in respect of the shares held by them
of the debts of the company contracted after the expiration
of such six months, in the same way as ordinary partners respectively, each director is personally responsible for the

are personally liable for all the debts of their firm. consequences of any unauthorised act which he may commit
or sanction, whether the loss occasioned thereby fall upon
The promoters of a new comrany are personally responsible the company or upon third parties. Directors who sign or
for the payment of all expenses incurred before it is
regularly constituted and the}- must not make aDy profit authorise t he issue of any false report or other fraudulent mis-

; statement are liable to criminal proceedings.

out of the transaction without the knowledge of the com- Members who take shares otherwise than in the ordinary
pany. At one time this salutary rule was frequently lost course, by payment of the calls in respect thereof, may un-
sight of by promoters, but a sharp lesson was taught them
by the Courts compelling several promoters to disgorge wittingly render themselvs liable to pay the full nominal-
large sums which they had received in breach of good faith. amount of shares which they believed to be paid up. Thi3
results from an enactment that every share in any company

In order to obtain the registration which is essential to shall be deemed to have been issued, and to be held, subject

the constitution of a company, at least seven members, to the payment of the whole amount thereof in cash, unless

each of whom holds one share or more, must sign a the same shall have been otherwise determined by a contract

memorandum and articles of association, and forward the duly made in writing, and filed with the registrar at or

>ame to the regi.-trar, whose certilicate of registration is, as before the issue of such shares. Thus, if a person contracts

it were, the charter of incorporation of the company. to do cettain work for, or supply certain goods to, a company

The memorandum of association defines the objects for ia exchange for fully paid-up shares the contract must be

which the company is established, and no business cin be filed in due course, or the unfortunate allottee may, when

undertaken by a company unless it be within the scope of the company goes into liquidation, be settled upon the list

such memorandum. The articles of association contain the of contributones for the full nominal amount of the shares

rules and regulations for the management of the business of so held by him. An actual creditor, however, may accept

the company, and must be carefully kept within the limits payment of the amount due to him in fully paid-up sbares>

prescribed by the memorandum. Any trading which is not because such a transaction would amount to payment of the

warranted by the memorandum is ultra vires, and ail persons amount due to him on the one hand, and payment of calls
who authorise or take part in any such trading are per- on the other. But it is best to be careful, as in some cases

sonally responsible for the consequences, without any limita- the distinctions run rather fine, and if there is any doubt a

tion as to the extent of their liability. contract ought to be filed.

Prospectuses, whether issued before or after registration, The powers and duties of directors and officers, and the

ought to be carefully drawn, although great allowance is general management of the company, will depend upon the

always made for such exaggerations of the prospective contents of the articles of association. There are, however,

advantages of the company as may fairly result from a a few general principles which may be briefly noticed.

sanguine temperament. Fraudulent misrepresentations, Dividends must never be paid out of capital. If, after pay-

—however, sometimes lead to serious consequences such as ment of interest on debentures and preferential charges, the

two years' imprisonment with hard labour. Every pro- net profits are exhausted, and there is no reserve fund, the

spectus, and every notice inviting persons to subscribe for directors must not declare any dividend payable to the

snares, must specify the dates and the names of the parties ordinary members, however great may be the temptation to

to all contracts theretofore entered into by the company, or do so. Even if it were quite ceitain that the results of
by any person cn behalf thereof. It is usual for one of such future trading would enable them to smooth over the wrong

contracts to have been entered into by the vendor with the and get the accounts into a satisfactory state, the risk in-

promoters of the company, such vendor being himself prac- volved could not be justified, and nothing is more delusive

tically a promoter ; and this result arises from notice of such than the hope of future extraordinary gains from an un-
contract having been given before the applications for profitable concern. The several books of account and

shares are sect in, viz., in the absence of fraud, no allottee registers required by law to be kept must always be in

of shares can complain that the price given for the property proper order and punctually posted up. The annual return

or for the goodwill of the business is excessive, although it to the registrar must be sent within the prescribed time.

may in fact be more lhan could have been obtained in the The name of the company must always be exhibited to the
public outside the registered otfice, and that name must
open market. never be used (even on the most informal memorandum)
without "limited"' as the last word thereof. And the
An applicat ion for shares may be witl drawn at any time several registers must be produced for inspection when
before allotment ; but when the shares have actually been required, members being entitled to inspect gratis, and
allotted the contract, to take them is complete (even before other persons on payment of the prescribed fee. The
notice received), and the allottee becomes a member of the
company, and cannot escape from the liability incident to

membership, unless he sells his shares and the company penalties for various infractions of the law are heavy, in

carries on business for at least 12 calendar months after- many cases are accumulative from day to day, and -may be

wards. intiicted on the offending officers personally, as well as upon

Every company must have a registered office, where the company in its corporate capacity.

notices, writs, and other documents intended for service A company may be wound-up by the Court on passing a

upon the company may be left. special resolution to that effect whenever business is not
;

The liability of each member is limited to the nominal commenced within a year after registration, or is sus-

amount of the shares held by him, so that, if all calls are pended for a whole year; when there are fewer than seven

paid until the shares are fully paid-up there is no further members; when the company is unable to pay its debts;

responsibility. After shares are sold, if the winding-up of or whenever the Court is of opinion that the company should
the company should commence within a year, and the pur- be wound-up. Voluntary liquidation may also be resorted

chaser should be unable to pay the calls made in respect to by means of a special resolution (duly confirmed) that

thereof, the vendor may be called upon to make good the the business of the company be wound-up voluntarily, or of

deficiency the object of this rule being to prevent respon- an extraordinary resolution (which needs no confirmation),
;
that the company cannot, by reason of its liabilities, con-
sible members transferring their shares to men of straw tinue its business, and that it is advisable to wind-up the
same. The former course is more costly, but has advan-
when winding-up is imminent. On and after January 1, 1883, tages when any wrongful practices are supposed to have
married women who have separate property may take been carried on. The voluntary winding-up is cheaper, and

unpaid-up shares, and their separate property may be made

available for the compulsory satisfaction of calls.

—— — — "

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 17

in many cases will answer every purpose. There is an The Spectacle Trade.

intermediate course, called, winding-up under the super- Herbert $ Goifrey v. Kendall.

vision of the Court. This was an action brought in the Lord Mayor's Court,
before Mr. Woodthorpe Brandon and a jury, on November 19,
Immediately upon the commencement of the winding- up to recover 18Z. for goods alleged to have been s^ld
a liquidator is appointed by the creditors, or by the Court if by the plaintiffs' traveller in March last to defendant,
the winding-up be compulsory, and the power of the who is a chemist at Blythe, Northumberland. The defendant
directors thenceforth ceases. The liquidator gets in the alleged that the goods were sent to him as agent merely,
assets, makes such calls as may be necessary upon present and had been returned to plaintiffs, as they were of very
members, and, in case of need, upon persons who have ceased inferior quality. Mr. C. F. Wright was for tha plaintiff,
to be members within a year previous to the commencement
of the winding-up; and discharges the liabilities of the
company so far as the assets will extend. In explaining
the liabilities incurred by members, we have said all that
appears necessary thereon in a sketch so brief as we are
compelled to make this ; and may now conclude by ex-
pressing the hope that few of our readers may become

involved in the troubles of a compulsory winding-up. A

voluntary winding-up does not necessarily imply insolvency.

It is frequently resorted to for the purpose of reconstitut ing
the company upon a different basis, or for amalgamating
with some other company.

Clippings attb |)iclungs. Mr. D. F. Steavenson for the defendant.

Mr. Samuel Druiff stated that he was a wholesale optician,

carrying on business as Wm. Herbert & Godfrey at 55a Ber-
nard Street, Eussell Square. He purchased the business of
Herbert & Godfrey some years ago. On February 28 he went

to Blythe, Northumberland, and called in the ordinary way

There are now about 2,400 different diseases, and every of business on Mr. Kendall. Mr. Kendall said he would try

year the strain on a single patent medicine becomes harder the spectacle trade, selected some goods, and was told the

and harder yet the medicine stands up manfully and —terms half cash at three months and balance at six months.
;
He signed an order, and gave a label or business-card. A
promises to cure them all. Druggist (Chicago).
copy of the order was left, with defendant, the original being

A Bon Mot of Arago's.—" What are comets made of 1 forwarded to London, and the goods were sent by Sutton.

asked a French lady of the distinguished savant. " Madame, According to a condition printed on the order-form, plaintiff
I do not know." " Then what is the use of beiDg an Acade-
mician ? " " Madame, that I may be able to say I do not promised to exchange the goods for others of lower quality
know."
Aif desired. list of retail prices was sent, in response

to a letter asking for it. Witness was not much

in London, so did not know if the goods had been returned.

A dealer in boots and shoes, to make his sign striking, had If they had been they would be sent back at once. The
Alettered upon it " mens cunscia recti." rival in the vicinity,
goods were sold at the same prices as he had sold them all
wishing to outdo his competitor, had his sign emblazoned
with " mens and woniens cunscia recti.''' The latter was not over the country.

in good Latin, but it drew the most customers. Eclectic In cross-examination witness said he was not the sole

Medical Journal. partner in the firm, but there was no Herbert and no
Godfrey. About twelve months ago they left Peahen
Spirit of Turpentine is now made from sawdust and Court, also known as Union Court, City, and went to
55A Bernard Street. The firm of Druiff & Druiff was
refuse of the saw-mill. It is extracted by a sweating process, the same firm ; the business of Herbert Sc Godfrey had
and yields 14 gallons of spirit, three to four gallons of resin, been purchased about seven years ago, and had been worked
and a quantity of tar per cord. The spirit produced has a
ever since under the same name. Both firms carry on their
—different odour from that produced by distillation. Oil,
business at the same address. When he took the order he
Paint, and Drug Reporter. showed the defendant a book containing testimonials, among
which was one from Wm. Forbes Laurie, M.D., Cancer

Scientific Medicine.— The following delectable sub- Hospital, London, which stated that the spectacles
supplied to him were far better than any others he
stances are contained in the American Homoeopathic Pharma-
copoeia whose names sufficiently indicate their composition : had used, and enabled him to read smaller print.
Syphilidum, buboinum gonorrhin, leucorrhin, glanderin, an-
thrasin, etc. They are called isopathic remedies or nosodes, He did not know whether the testimonial had been
which are denned to be, " Remedies obtained from morbid addressed to Herbert & Godfrey or to Druiff & Druiff.
products of the animal system." Chicago Medical Review.
Did not appoint Mr. Kendall agent, but sold him a parcel of
—A Theoretical Authority. In a letter from a Colorado
goods. Never used the word agent, and would swear that
correspondent to an American contemporary, the writer he never did appoint agents in the sense of persons to work
propounds this question to the editor : " You will not object
for them. Had sold goods as Herbert & Godfrey and as
to my asking you whether you served in the cavalry branch Druiff & Druiff in the same town, but had never appointed
agents ; that he would swear. Recognised the copy of The
of the service during the late unpleasantness ? " and answers Chemist and Druggist produced. Knew of a letter
it himself, " I don't believe you did, because you wrote the
article upon 'Equitation as a Preventive and Cure in He- which appeared in that journal on December 15, 1880,

—morrhoids ; ' not but the article has many good points only headed '• The Spectacle Trade," and commencing " A pushing

civalry men do not have piles." firm, which I will call High & Grand." The statements in
that letter were quite false, but he knew it referred to them,
James T. Fields used to tell this story of Dr. Channing :
" The reverend doctor and the medical doctor were both at as he had sold goods about that time to Mr. J. S. Glover,
Werneth, the writer of the letter, but would swear that he
a party in Boston one evening, and, some one being taken ill,
had not appointed him sole agent. The statements were con-
the man of medicines. Dr. Walter Channing, was summoned. tradicted ttie next month. They took out a summons against
The servant entered the room where the brothers were
seated, and said, ' Dr. Channing is wanted.' ' Which Dr. Mr. Glover in the Lord Mayor's Court, but it was abandoned.
Channing ? ' said Walter, the physician ; ' the one who
Had reasons of his own for not proceeding. He had appointed
preaches, or the one who practises?'" Chicago Medical
no other agent at Werneth, but had at Oldham, distant a mile
Review.
and a half. Chemists were now selling spectacles all over the
country. Most of their business was with chemists. In The
Chemist and Druggist there are now half a dozen firms
advertising spectacles. Thought he had not appointed Mr.

"

18 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

George Oakes, 7 Market Street, Chorley, as agent for to plaintiffs, but before that became a valid defence
the jury must be convinced that defendant was
Herbert & Godfrey. The firm might have done so, but he an agent. Next was the question whether the plaintiff had
carried out his share of the agreement, taking for granted
could not swear. Did not appoint as agent Mr. J. Carr, the sale of the goods. The receipt of the goods was ad-
mitted, but it was alleged that the spectacles produced ir.
jeweller, Chorley, but sold him a parcel of goods. By the Court were superior in quality to those sent. On the one
hand was the evidence of the witness Higgins, who proved
book produced he would say that the firm sold Mr. Oakes a the selection, packing, and despatch of the goods, and swore
that those produced were of the same quality, and that no
parcel of goods on the ordinary terms, but appointed him other gocds sold at those prices were kept in stock. On the
neither sole agent nor agent. Was neither related to nor other side was the evidence of the defendant, who, while
admitting that he was not a skilled optician, said that the
had any business connection with Mr. N. Laurance, of goods he received were of inferior quality.

4 Arundel Square. The jury retired for about half an hour and then reported
that there was no chance of their comi ng to an agreement.
Re-examined : Always conducted business on the terms of By consent of the Counsel on both sides the jury was dis-

half cash at three months, balance at six months, 5 per cent, charged.

discount for prompt cash. Never appointed agents. Had — —High Court of Justice Chancery Division.

this week shown to Mr. Martin a parcel of goods like those December 15.

sent to Kendall. (Before Mr. Justice Chitty.)

Mr. Wm. Higgins, in the employ of the plaintiff, proved Smith v. Surfleet.

making up Mr. Kendall's order, and seeing them packed and The plaintiff in this case is a chemist and druggist at
28 Walworth Road, formerly Keen's Row, who as far back
sent off. The spectacles produced in court were samples of
as 1846 produced a patent medicine called " Tasteless Dan-
the five kinds sent. delion Pill," and in 1818 produced a diarrhoea mixture called

Wm. Henry Martin, manufacturing optician, 7 Albion " Dr. McCann's Diarrhoea Mixture." He has also had a
Buildings, Aldersgate Street, and Wm. J. Spencer, manufac-
business at 281 Brixton Road, but this he had disposed of to
turing optician, swore that the spectacles produced in court the defendant, with the stock-in-trade and goodwill, en-
gaging at the same time not to carry on a similar business
were charged at fair and reasonable prices in the price-list. within a mile radius. He now applied to the Court for an
injunction to restrain the defendant from using labels or
For the defence, Mr. Steavenson said that Mr. Kendall wrappers for the pills and mixture similar to those used by
the plaintiff. Both the plaintiff's and defendant's
was only appointed agent. A few days after he received diarrhoea mixtures were in bottles, wrapped in a
light brown or buff paper with a printed label, the plaintiff
the goods he was visited by a Mr. N. Laurance, who pointed describing the mixture as " Smith's Dr. McCann's Diarrhoea
Mixture," and'- Manufactured solely at 280 Walworth Raad,"
out defects in the spectacles, and in consequence the goods and the defendant's as " Surfteet's Diarrhoea or Purging Mix-
ture," and ^Manufactured solely at 281 Brixton Road."
were returned. The case had been adjourned to allow Both the plaintiff's and defendant's pills were in a box en-
closed in a blue paper wrapper. The defendant denied that
defendant to bring Laurance as witness, but though lie had there was any similarity in the packing of the pills or

been sitting at. Laurance's door for two days with a sub- mixture but such as was common in the trade. Mr. Ince,

poena in his pocket he was obliged to come into Court —Q.C., and Mr. Methold appeared for the plaintiff; Mr.

without him. Mr. Kendall said that Mr. Druiff called on Romer, Q.C.. and Mr. W. Norton for the defendant. Mr.
Justice Chitty, in giving judgment, said he would leave till
him, and, alluding to the article on the spectacle trade in the trial of the action the question whether the sale of Dr.
McCann's mixture passed by the transfer of the business at
The Chemists' and Druggists' Diary, which had lately been 281 Brixton Road to the defendant. Bat he held that the
published, advised him to sell Herbert Sc Godfrey's goods, label used by the defendant was not a fraudulent
imitation of the plaintiff's. As to the pills, " tasteless
and said he would be appointed sole agent, and no one else applied to dandelion antibilious pills was a term generally
in the town would be supplied. A book was shown of which used in the trade; so were the words, "free from mercury,"
and for the use of the "gouty, bilious, Sec." The blue paper
copies were to be sent, and he was told that the spectacles wrapper and the form of the label were also common to the
trade. Upon the evidence in the case he could not decide
were of special manufacture. Mr. Druiff selected the goods on an interlocutory motion. There was a fair conflict of
evidence by the affidavits, and the balance of convenience
which would be sui'able for the trade, and he agreed was not in favour of granting the plaintiff relief, and he
refused the injunction, making the costs costs in the action.
to become agent on the understanding that no one
Clarifying Ginger-beer and Fermented Liquors.—
else in the town should be supplied. He unpacked the At the meeting of the Linmcan Society, on December 21,

goods, and a day or two later a gentleman named Mr. N. Mr. T. Christy ^called attention to the fact that the kola nut ap-
parently had the power of clearing fermented liquor. Perhaps
Laurance called, and in consequence of what he said he this would help to produce bright fermented ginger-beers. It

examined the goods and returned them with a letter, in is well known that the seeds of Strychnos poiap'oriim, or the
which he declined to act as agent for Herbert, .V Godfrey, and
clearing-nut, are used in India to clarify turbid drinking
pointed out that the goods were of very inferior quality. The
water. One of the seeds is rubbed on the inside of an
spectacles produced in court were much superior to those earthen pot. The water is then poured in, left for a time,
when the water clears well. In 1878 we quoted from a
received in the first instance, in which the defects of sand- letter by Mrs. Carey Hobson, which told how a Dutch

uiarks and water-marks could be easily seen when once hotel-keeper in the Transvaal clarified turbid drinking
they had been pointed out. On March. 20 he sent the goads water. Half-a-dozen peach kernels were slightly cracked
back to Herbert & Godfrey by Suttons and paid carriage. and thrown into a large butt of water. In an hour or two

Cross-examined He had been in business more than the muddiest water became beautifully clear. Would not a,
:
slight peach flavour be pleasant in ginger-beer 1
25 years. He was accustomed to buy and sell, but as a

retail chemist he was not accustomed to enter into contracts

for the purchase of goods. He did not sign things without

knowing what he signed, but in this case he signed an order

which read, " I have this day bought " certain goods. He

could not explain why he had done this. He trusted to what
Mr. Druiff said, aud overlooked the word " bought. " He

considered that he was merely an agent, and had not bought

the goods. He knew he had the goods to pay for if he sold

them, but did not have that condition put on the paper he

signed. Mr. Laurance came in on the afternoon of the day

on which the goods arrived, or on the next day. He believed

Mr. Laurance sold spectacles.

A representative of Sutton Sc Co. proved the delivery of a

parcel to Herbert Sc Godfrey from Blythe on March 22.
In summing up the Assistant 'Judge said it was not dis-

puted that plaintiff and defendant had some dealings in the

matter, but plaintiff says that he sold the spectacles out and

out ; defendant says he did not buy them, but was appointed
agent for them. Now, the order signed is certainly not one

that an agent would sign. No agent would say, " I have

bought." Still less would he say, " Half cash in three
months, balance in six months." An appointment of an

—agent would be in quite different terms either sale or

return, or cash when sold, or periodical accounts. The agree-
ment actually signed was quite inconsistent with the

appointment of an agent. The first point to deter-
mine was whether defendant was appointed an agent.
The next was whether the goods had been returned

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 19

surgeon, Plumstead Road, who prescribed for her, consider-

poisoning Cases. ing she was suffering from old age and ague. The deposi-
tion of the deceased woman stated that the prisoner always
—Almond Oil. An inquest, commenced on December 16,
gave her the medicine. The medicine made her very sick.
adjourned till January 10, and now standing adjourned to
January 24, is being made at West Mailing into the circum- She saw two bottles used at a time. The prisoner put some

stances of the death of Sarah A. Wright, aged 16, which powder in the medicine, and she said she could not take it,
occurred on December 14, an hour and a quarter after the
as it was nauseous and like vinegar, and would kill her.
administration of a dose of medicine by the Vicar, the Rev.
The powder was white, and the medicine made her ill and
J. H. Timins. The post-mortem examination showed that
death had resulted from poisoning by prussic acid. Mr. sick. The prisoner was always with her at night, but not
Charles William Heaton, Examiner in Chemistry to the
Royal College of Physicians, and Professor Tuson, who throughout the day. The chemical examination of the
examined the contents of the viscera, proved the presence
viscera by Dr. Stevenson proved the presence of lead. The
of prussic acid and essential oil of almonds. The Rev. J. H.
Timins stated that he had studied medicine at St. Thomas's prisoner had purchased sugar of lead at the shop of Mr. John.'
Hosjoital, and on the morning in question he gave the de-
Smith.
ceased a teaspoonful of oil of bitter almonds, for a slight
—Opium. Mr. Wra. Lawson, of the Public Baths, Bed-
rash that had appeared on her throat. She cried out when
she swallowed it, and he immediately took a teaspoonful minster, died from the effects of opium poisoning on De-
himself, without experiencing ill effects. He had jjurchased
the oil some time before of Mr. Stedman, chemist, West cember 11. Mr. W. W. Stoddart, City Analyst, proved the
Mailing, and had used it in a similar way for a rash which
presence of opium in the viscera.
appeared on his son while recovering from a fracture of the
arm. For three quarters cf an hour after the administration —Oxalic Acid. An inquest has been he Id at Northampton

of the oil the deceased showed no signs of poisoning. He on the body of Wm. Henry Stretton, aged 47, paper manufac-

kept several medicines together, and on the day in question turer, High Street, Leicester. On December 20 the deceased
took the bitter almond oil by mistake for a harmless oil.
[The reports in the newspapers, from which we condense the went into the shop of Mr. H. Pickering, chemist, Leicester,
evidence, are particularly confused and contradictory in this
place.] Mr. R. B. Stedman, chemist, of West Mailing, deposed and bought two drachms of oxalic acid, and as he was leaving
to receiving an order from the Rev. J. H. Timins, on Novem-
ber 1, to supply him with an ounce of oil of bitter almonds. he asked Mr. Pickering if it would take much to kill a man.
Before executing the order he sent a letter to him asking if
he had not made a mistake, and he received a letter from This causing suspicion, the chemist followed the deceased,,
Mr. Timins, in consequence of which he supplied the oil.
but was unable to catch him. The poison was taken by Mr.
—Chloral. Lady Catherine Petre, widow of the late Hon.
Stretton, who was afterwards charged before the Leicester
Arthur Petre, and the youngest daughter of the late Earl of
Wicklow, was found dead in bed on December 21. By her magistrates with attempting to commit suicide. On account
bedside was a bottle containing chloral. She had been in
the habit of taking chloral as a sleeping draught , and the of the known state of his mind Mr. Stretton was ordered
medical opinion was that deatli resulted from an overdose
taken inadvertently. to be removed to an asylum, and, consequently, was taken

—Hydrocyanic Acid. On December 20 Ernest Freeland, to Northampton. There he died on December 26, from the

aged 28, committed suicide at his residence in the Euston Aeffects of the poison. verdict of " suicide whilst in an

Road, by taking a dose of prussic acid. He had at one time unsound state of mind " was returned by the jury.

been assistant to a Dr. Pratt, and might thus have obtained An inquiry was held at Chester, on January 10, into the
cause of the death of Mrs. Josephine Musgrove. On Jan. &
the poison.
she sent to the shop cf Mr. Davidson, chemist, for some
—Laudanum. At the Sheffield workhouse a death from lau-
chloral, giving the messenger 2s. C>d. Mr. Davidson sent to>
danum poisoning occurred on December 7, under peculiar cir- inquire if Mrs. Musgrove was aware that chloral was a deadly
cumstances. William Blacksbaw, cutler, was in the workhouse
suffering from gastritis, and pain in the region of the stomach, poisoD, and if she was in the habit of taking it. She replied
and Dr. Hunt prescribed for him, and gave verbal directions to that she was, in order to induce sleep, and if Mr. Davidson
could not let her have it in such large quantities he was to
the nurse to administer a dose of castor oil with 10 drops of return the money. Sir. Davidson sent the chloral, and de-
laudanum. Apparently, only the words " oil " and "lauda- ceased apparently drank it, for shortly afterwards her
husband saw her stumble. She appeared faint, and was
num " were written on the prescription card, and merely as placed upon a sofa, but died almost immediately. The
bottle, which contained 320 grs. of chloral, was labelled
a reminder for the nurse, not as directions to the dispenser.
The card was taken to the dispensary, and an ounce of —" Chloral poison. Ten grains in each teaspoonful." The
laudanum, labelled " poison," was dispensed. The oil was
kept in the ward. The wardsman brought the medicines to jury returned a verdict of " Death from natural causes."
the ward, and, in the absence of the nurse, distributed them
in the racks above the patients' beds instead of leaving them The St. Louis Druggist records a curious case of death from
in the basket. About seven o'clock in the evening, in the carbolic acid. Mr. F. W. Weare, a young man twenty-one
continued absence of the nurse, the deceased went to his
rack and supped the laudanum, remarking that he had a years of age, employed in the laboratory of Messrs. Richard-
son k. Co. at St. Louis. In charging a still he had the
right to take anything the doctor sent up. When the nurse
misfortune to break a carboy of the acid, a portion of its
discovered this the patient said lie felt well, and was scolded
for taking the medicine. He afterwards became unconscious, contents being spilled over his legs. He felt no pain from it,
and remained so till he died. The jury returned a verdict of however, and walked around for some time apparently un-
death from misadventure, censured the nurse for inattention
to her duties, and recommended that no memoranda should hurt, but at last complained of pains in the legs, which on
be written on the prescription cards, which ought to be kept examination were found to be somewhat burned superficially.

for their proper use. He was at once wrapped in bandages saturated with a solu-
tion of bicarbonate of soda. Mr. Weare made no further
Lead Acetate.— On December 14, at the Central Criminal
complaint and appeared cheerful, but about half- past twelve,
Court, Louisa J. Taylor, 36, was condemned to death for the two hours after the accident, suddenly expired. At an exami-
wilful murder of Mary Ann Tregillis, 82, by poisoning her nation made subsequently it was decided that the cause of
with lead acetate. The criminal lodged with Mr. and Mrs. death was inhalation of the fumes of the acid, although he
Tregillis, who were both aged. Mrs. Tregillis fell ill, and was had not shown or complained of any difficulty in either
attended from August 23 to September 6 by Mr. John Smith,
breathing or speaking.

—Gelseminum Sempervirens in Facial Neuralgia.
—Dr. Spencer Thomson, of Torquay, thus replies to a corre-

spondent in the Midland. Ma/teal Miscellany : "My usual

dose, unless I have reason to know or believe the patient is
ver3r sensitive, is m xx., repeating in an hour if there is no
relief, and if there is no giddiness or affection of vision, I
may give a third dose in four or rive hours ; but it is rarely
required in suitable cases, and I seldom give less than mxv.

I have found itiv. relieve in a very sensitive subject. I

mention ' suitable mycases,' for own experience has told
me that gelseminum has little curative effect in any

neuralgic affection but that involving the teeth and alveoli
of upper and lower jaw. In such it often acts like a

charm."

—
.

20 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883

Scientific Dotes : The author considers the quality or medicinal ^alue of
tamarind to depend upon the percentage, amount, and rela-
On Chemistry, Pliarmaey, Botany, Materia Medica, Jjfc, tive proportion to one another in the pulp of cream of
Original, Selected, and Translated. tartar, tartaric and citric acid on the one hand, and of seeds,
water, and insoluble residue on the other. The average
Cinchona from Seeds.
proportion of seeds is 10 per cent. ; 38 per cent, is too high.
Mr. McIvor in his work says that from 20,000 to 25,000
plants may be raised from 1 oz. of seeds. Mr. Owen says A good pulp is black-brown with an oleaginous lustre, and
just perceptibly moist to the touch. The following tables
that 2 oz. of unusually good calisaya seeds have given
40,000 plants. Mr. T. Brown, Coonoor, writing to the give the results of his examination of the nine samples
Ceylon Tropical Agriculturist, asserts that two months after
sowing an oz. of Ledgeriana seeds in a glass-house, he referred to :
pricked out 03,700 seedlings. Allowing for losses from
grubs and other causes, he considers that C0.000 plants can ^•So "S3 e Pbi 3 •« o wi o<n *rs
be safely relied on. 7* c X ow a; r- r- to CS 00
O .

S M 2.c; ~, *

Medicinal Properties of the Lily of the Valley. 5?B £ lz a< a; .5

According to M. Germain See, in the Journ. de Pharm. et o m o• on qo oOS
de Cliim., the lily of the valley- (Convallaria maialis) has a oI* +z *-t
eo t— t- co 94
t-- so
if c-. c-i r-

O — C O£J a,
03 ci i— co r-

cardiac virtues of great medicinal value. In the form of

an aqueous extract in doses of 1 to 1$ gramme per day it £3 o o ^ o- w "c iq us
has uniformly favourable effects on the heart and the respi- «3 iri -o

ratory organs. It reduces the beatings of the heart, often O$> c g a> ci c* <p <n
H O O W OOO CO ZD t>
< l«

restoring the normal rhythm. On the other hand, it in- .- "3 c u fa< »j
creases the energy of the heart, and relieves painful or
x fi -j ^. *a cm
in
difficult inspiration. It has also a diuretic effect. M. See © h n n mc-i r-« CO

resume j the action of this remedy in various heart diseases, u

and concludes that the medicine is applicable to all diseases U *2 e Ni- t- Of! Cl o C4
& 9 V ^*r <*>
O O OCJ l " l— 3C t» 00
of the heart. There are no contra indications. It has no *? "* ?l
injurious effect on the cerebro-spinal system, nor on the
hi

tn

digestive organs. It does not remain long in the system, i O rj o — ^ o ac — os> OD c<
and presents neither cumulative effect nor posthumous

action. In all cases where digitalis is employed, M. See

regards maialis as superior, as the former invariably tends .a <L> — O — Oh*» IO CC
to enfeeble the heart, and thus, sooner or later, to produce OC~ ^
effects diametrically opposite to those desired. For cardiac 5-i o= "f C"l -M CN
lis ** C4 l& OJ CD
ill
Q
dyspnoea matalis is inferior to morphia and iodine; but - -i c. f- y. t? « *" «
C-l
morphia suppresses the urine. The combination of maialis »r j

with iodide of potassium in cases of cardiac asthma pro- CO CM CN CN C\ Q-i

duces a valuable remedy. In heart disease combined with

dropsy M. See asserts that maialis alone surpasses all other «** ? a CCO CO 1^ 00 « O
medicines.
I- +^ ^» CT

Adulteration of Cochineal. ci

Of the two varieties of cochineal, greyish white and black, -3

which occur in the market, the former, as is known, is sub- 5 i ^8 : * :
jected to considerable adulteration with mineral substances, J ^2a ° ' " ' '
such as heavy spar, lead sulphate or chloride, talc, &c. :: : :
Owing to its comparative immunity from adulteration, there-
fore, the black cochineal has become the more popular kind. 5
It appears, however (P/iarmacentische Centralhalle, Nov. 30,
1882), that sophist icators have found out a way of doctoring •a
black cochineal for their fraudulent purposes, since this
variety has of late been found impregnated with manganese _~
peroxide, lead sulphide, iron oxide, &c, the sophistication
being effected in such a way as to be unrecognisable even to ^ §c3
connoisseurs at the first blush. a —*^ a" c~" a c r-T

Dr. J. Lowe suggests that the adulteration may possibly C- S £E£2222? t>

be carried out by exposing the cochineal to the action of ci <1
steam in such a way that the insects are not wetted by con-
densed steam. The cochineal thereby swells to several times c ^C3 _rf CX ^
its original volume, a reddish very sticky mass exuding from
the grains. The substance with which they are to be adul- Per Cent. Quantity of 1
terated is then affixed by shaking them up with it in a drum.
T rr
The whole is dried in a current of warm air, whereupon the
Normal Sol. of
insects assume their original volume without having under-
gone any alteration in colour, and contain the adulterant Pulpa Ammonia re-
concealed in their depressions. Tamarindorum
Insnlu- Cream Tar- quired forneu-
Composition of Tamarind.* depurate Water lile Re- of taric
Acid Citric tralisatioD, 1
Karl Mi ller, of Heidelberg, finding a good deal of dis- sidue Tartar
Acid e. Pulp being
crepancy in the hitherto published analyses of taniirind, taken as Unity
has carefully examined the composition of East Indian
tamarind, the only sort obtainable from nine of the largest Sample No. 1. . 47-80 3- 6 287 4- 57 1-18 c c.
houses in Germany. 38'40 7-35 1-92
If. .. 33- 03 4- 8 4 68 0 99 1008
51-25 4-5 5-47 3- 97 0- 58
,. lit. .. 39-63 10-8 5- 07 1- 16 15-6
IV. .. 34- 72 7-2 2-D4 1-55
42 72 65 5- 32 470 1 91 12 5
V. .. 45-64 S4 4- 75 1-68 11- 3
6- 82 5-PO
VI. .. 39 82 5 48 5-31 I'M 9-8
5- 20
VIC. .. 4- 27 13 3
3 08 12- 3
VIII. ..
99
IX... 99

* Pharmaceulische CentralhalU, December 7 and 14, 1882. Average 41-G6 6-52 4 83 4 91 1-40 11-7
,

— — ——

January 15, 188".] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 21

Volumetric Determination of Phosphoric Acid.* like mass. There is, perhaps, no experiment better adapted
than this for showing the presence of carbon in carbon bi-
Kratschmer and Sztankovansky, id the ZeitstfiHft fiir
sulphide.
analytische CJiemie (21), confirm the view of Perrot as
regards the volumetric determination of phosphoric acid by —Zinc Bust and Thioearbanilide. Upon passing the vapour
means of silver nitrate. The phosphoric acid is precipitated
in the first instance as calcium phosphate. This salt is dis- of thiocarbanilide over heated zinc dust, aniline and benzo-
solved in acetic acid, and the phosphoric acid precipitated nitrite are formed according to the formula
by a slight excess of a solution of silver nitrate ; and, if the
supernatant solution be acid, ammonia must be added to CS\NHC6 H= + Za = ZnS + H NHC- = ^ + C,H CN.
neutral reaction. The excess of silver nitrate is retitrated, ;
according to Vollhard's method, with potassium sulpho-
cyanate. The presence of salts of aluminium or iron in any Thorium.*
quantity considerably impairs the accuracy of the method.
L. T. Nilson has succeeded in preparing pure thorium by
Adulteration of Marshmallow Root. reducing potassio-thoric chloride with dry sodium chloride
and metallic sodium at a low red heat in a wrought-iron
A correspondent of the Pkarmaceutische Zeitung recom- cylinder fitted with a piston to render it air-tight.

mends testing ready- cut samples of radix altha?a? with Thus prepared, thorium is a grey lustrous powder, which
hydrochloric acid previous to purchase, since he has found examined under the microscope is found to consist of thin
the white appearance of some samples to be due to a coating
of calcium carbonate in a very fine state of division. six-sided lamella?.

ADONIDINE.f Thorium undergoes no change in the air even at a tem-
perature of 100° C.-120° C. Heated to near redness, how-
According to V, Cervello's researches, the active principle ever, it burns with a very bright light to snow-white oxide.
of Adonis vernalis is an amorphous, non-nitrogenous, bitter Burnt in chlorine gas it likewise evolves light and heat,
glycoside, to which the author has given the name " Adoni- becoming converted into a white sublimable chloride.

dine." Thorium is not affected by water or the hydrates of the
Adonidine is soluble in alcohol, but almost insoluble in alkalies. Treated with dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, a
weak evolution of hydrogen takes place, the reaction being
water and ether. It is precipitated from its solutions by accelerated by heat. Concentrated sulphuric acid causes a
tannic acid, but not by basic lead acetate. very slow formation of sulphurous oxide. Dilute hydro-
chloric acid attacks the metal very readily, the fuming acid,
Physiologically, adonidine resembles digitaline, but is as well as aqua regia, effecting its complete solution.
more active, and, not being an accumulative poison like
digitaline, will probably replace the latter in therapeutics. Thorium nas a specific gravity of 1099-11-01. It is
tetravalent, and its atomic weight is 232 , 40.
Bulgarian Opium.
Falsification of Vanilla.
Herr Teegarten has been following up his investigations upon
Bulgarian opium. Amongst specimens examined was one of M. Thomas (Pithiviers) states in the Union Pharm. that
exceptional character from the Kiistendie district. It con-
tained 92 37 per cent, of dry opium and 11)15 per cent, of he has observed silicate of lead employed on some bad
vanilla to imitate the "rime "on the pods. Benzoic and
morphia. Two other samples, one from the Lowtscha dis- boric acids have been noticed before.

trict and the other from the Halitz, gave respectively 89-61 Syrup of Tolu.
percent, of dry opium and 119 percent, of morphia and
89T4 per cent, of dry opium, and 7 25 per cent, of morphia. M. MALENFANT in the Journ. de Pharm. et dc Chipi.
The percentage of ash was low, varying from 2 69 to 2 85.
While Bulgaria was under Turkish dominion the greater part remarks on the tendency of tolu after keeping some time to
of the opium was consumed by local pharmacists, the re- give an odour of benzine, though retaining its pleasant taste.
mainder finding its way to Constantinople and selling as This he finds due to decomposition of the cinnameine and the
Turkish opium. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry.
mela cinnameine of the balsam. He recommends the pre-
Some Reactions of Zinc with Sulphur and
Sulphur Compounds. paration of the syrup from the tincture by the following

A common lecture experiment for. exhibiting the direct process :

combination of elements consists, as is well known, in Tincture oE tolu 250 grammes
beating pieces of copper foil with some sulphur. In a paper Wat;r
sent to the Berichte der deutschcn chemischen Gescllschuft, White sugar 6 litres
November 13, 1882, H. Schwarz gives an account of a White of one egg. 10 kilos.
number of very interesting reactions of zinc with sulphur
and sulphur compounds, which are not so generally known. Beat the white of the egg, to one litre of the water add the
sugar in fine powder, pour the tincture on the sugar, add the
—Zinc Dust and Sulphur. When very fine zinc dust and rest of the water, mix well with the skimmer, boil over a
good fire as quickly as possible, pour into the strainer with-
flowers of sulphur are carefully mixed in the proportions of
55 parts of zinc to 32 parts of sulphur (atomic proportions) out skimming, and filter through paper. This syrup may be
a mixture is obtained which, on applying a match, burns
like gunpowder, and with a strong bright flame with a green kept indefinitely. It is essential that the boiling should be
tinge. The mixture may be also exploded by the electric very brief or the resinous part of the balsam will be dis-
current, or even by a smart blow with a hammer. The
result of the combustion is zinc sulphide, the greater part of solved in the syrup, and it will then be impossible to clear it.
which is ejected into the air, forming a white cloud.
The Toga (? Tonga) Medicine.
—Zinc Bust and Carbon Bisulphide. Upon passing the
Under this title Mr. Jacob P. Storck, of Fiji, writes as follows
vapour of carbon bisulphide from a small retort through a
combustion tube, slightly heated, containing zinc dust, a to the Ceylon Tropical Agriculturist :
vivid combustion takes place directly the carbon bi-
sulphide comes in contact with the zinc, zinc sulphide being —Dear Sir, In your Tropical Agriculturist for May the
formed, and a large quantity of carbon deposited as a soot-
" Toga," 2>l«nt is mentioned, which does not exist, whilst the
* ChemU-er Zeilvruj, December 7, 1882.
t "Archiv flir experimentelle Patboiogie und Pharmacologic," XV. " Toga" medicine is prepared from two Fijian plants neither
through the Berichte der deutichen chemlscHtn Qtsellschaft, October 2, 1S82, '
of which rejoices in the name of " Toga."

Some time ago I met somewhere an extract from the

Lancet which mentions both plants by their botanical names

and correctly, but in which at the same time the second

plant seems to be considered as a worthless addition. In
_

Dr. Seeman's work, the one plant is described as Rhaphido-

phora Vitiensis and the second as Premna Tahitensis (Ver-

benaceae). But whilst the Orchidaceous plant gets the credit
of being the chief agent, the Verbenaceous plant, the bark of

• Berichle der deutschen chemischen QeteUsthoft, November 13, 1S82.,

—

•22 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

which contains, as most plants of that family do, a decided Suggestions.

aromatical principle, which I am quite sure must not be Will not some pharmacists contribute to this column ?
Any brief suggestion calculated to make business run more
ignored in the composition of the drug, is denied any share
smoothly or successfully will be acceptable.
of efficacy.
Dr. Kristalba, a German chemist, recommends crushed
Of the value of the drug against some sorts of neuralgia I graphite as a useful substitute for sand in the sand bath.

have had practical proof in my own family. It was prepared —To Decolorise Gum Arabic. Strain a solution of

green, fresh from both the plants, every day, and obtained gum arabic through calico, mix with freshly precipitated
from the bruised stalk of the first and the scraped bark
(mezophlceum) of the second by maceration in cold water. —(moist) hydrate of alumina, and strain through a linen cloth.
It was then pressed in a cloth strainer, and a tumblerful National Drug gists' Jowrn. {Cincinnati).
taken three times a day before meals.
Dr. Meredith, in the Birmingliam. Medical Review,
The natives often keep it in a dry state in their houses recommends oil of peppermint as an external application for
for ready use in balls about the size of a fist. They also allaying the neuralgic pain so often complained of in cases
employ it externally by moistening and chafing the affected
parts. The medicine is called Toga, because it was first of herpes zoster (shingles).
used, and the knowledge of it imported into this country by
A Paris correspondent of the Engineer says:—" You are
—natives of Toga Tabu (Friendly Islands'). Very faithfuily, probably not aware that indiarubber is now adulterated with

Jacob P. Storck. finely-pulverised cork. Pulverised cork is worth about i^d.
per lb., while the indiarubber to which it is added, " floating
^personalities.
quality," is worth 9s. per lb. or more.
Mr. J. W. Swan, inventor of the electric incandescent lamp
bearing his name, is about to leave Newcastle and take up The Council of the National Cbamber of Trade have urged
his residence in London.
upon the Postmaster-General the desirability of associating
Mr. Nathan Berry, chemist, Walkden, has purchased with the parcels post a system of collecting the value of the
same from the consignee at a small extra charge, as is done
the aerated-water works at Walkden formerly carried on by in America and in Germany.
a company.
—Coca Tea. From four to six coca leaves, with the usual
Mr. T. L. Koberts, of London, has purchased the
business of Mr. Evans, Mallom, Cumberland. The transfer quantum, of the Chinese plant, in an ordinary teapot, will
was effected by Mr. Brett, of Leicester. make " tea " of great value for relieving headaches resulting
from over-fatigue or cerebral depression, while the flavour
The business of the late Mr. Quinlan, 457 New Cross of " the cup that cheers but not inebriates " is by no means
impaired by the addition.—Montlily Hag. Pharm.
Road, London, has been purchased, through the agency of
Mr. Brett, of Leicester, by Mr. Jackson, jun., of Crediton. —To Disinfect Iodoform. Dr. Yvon effects the abolition

Mr. Fisk, of Peckham Road, London, has purchased, of the smell of iodoform by the very simple procedure of
through Mr. Brett, of Leicester, the business of Mr. incorporating with it a little essence of roses. Half a drop
Belfield, Willingham, Cambridgeshire. of the essence removes the odoiirof 60 grammes of iodoform,
the compound retaining that of the essence. Med. Times,
Mr. W. H. Willson, of Shoreham, Sussex, has sold his
from Journal de Therapeutique.
business to Mr. Hadley, of Norwich, through Mr. Brett, of
Leicester. —Toothache. Dr. Sporer recommends that three to four

The business of Mr. Wood, Market Place, Grimsby, has lumps of hydrate chloral, 10 03 = -006 grm. should be in-
serted into the hollow and painful tooth, the chloral being
been purchased, through the agency of Mr. Brett, of allowed to dissolve. He has treated 38 cases successfully in
Leicester, by Mr. Etninson, of Pleading. this way, and has also obtained good results in several cases
of hemicrania resulting from carious teeth.
Mr. Jarvis, of Stroud, has succeeded to the business of
Mr. Brown, of Handsworth, through the agency of Mr. To Remove Tar from the Hands.— It is said that tar
may be instantaneously removed from the hands by rubbing
Brett, of Leicester.
witli the outside of fresh orange or lemon peel, and wiping
The business of Mr. Anderton, 53 New Town Row, Bir- dry immediately. It is astonishing what a small piece will
clean. The volatile oils in the skins dissolve the tar, so
mingham, has been purchased by Mr. Jacimbs. The
valuation was conducted on behalf of both parties by Mr. that it can be wiped off.

Brett, of Leicester. Loosening Teeth instead of Drawing them.— Dr. A.
W. Smith, of Chicago, in the Eclectic Medical Journal,
The name of Mr. Charles James Blelock, chemist, who
filled the office of Mayor of Chester in 1879-80, has been describes two cases in which by merely loosening an aching
tooth he has completely cured the aching. In about three
added by the Lord Chancellor to the Commission of the weeks afterwards the teeth so loosened were again grown
Peace for that city. tight in their sockets and could be filled.

Mr. Clarabut, of Peterborough, has sold his business to Interleaved Pharmacopoeias,—If every working phar-
Mr. W. B. Knight, of Birmingham. The valuation, sale, and macist will buy an interleaved copy of the Pharmacopoeia,
transfer was completed on behalf of both parties by Mr. and record opposite each preparation whatever practical
points suggest themselves upon trial of the various processes
Brett, of Leicester. and tests, it will not be long before the book will have
acquired a double value. It is surprising how often these
Messrs. Hill & Co.. of Lynn, have, in consequence of practical observations will come into use, and how many
repetitions of mistakes once made may be avoided.— Sani-
the death of one of the partners, dissolved partnership. Mr.
Brett, of Leicester, valued for Mr. Hill, and Mr. Maltby, of tary Engineer (Neiv York),
Lincoln, for the executors.
Mr. Henry Clarke, of 17 Gracechurch Street, is urging
The will (dated June 23, 1882), with a codicil (dated
on the City Corporation the formation of a Court of Arbitra-
October 16, 1882), of Mr. George William Septimus Piesse, tion or Tribunal of Commerce, which shall undertake the

late of No. 2 New Bond Street, and of Hughenden House, settlement of disputes which may arise in business when it
Chiswick, perfumer, who died on October 23 last, was proved
Weis not desirable to take the case into a court of law.
on the 22nd ult., the value of the personal estate being over
scarcely see what advantage such a tribunal could have over
12,000/. the ordinary courts. In small matters it would not be
cheaper than the county courts, and in large affairs disputants
Dr. Oscar Oldberg, who represented the Pharmacy of would hardly submit their cases to an umpire whose decisions
could only carry authority by the common consent of the
the United States at the International Congress in 1881, has
commenced the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations parties concerned.
at St. Louis in partnership with Dr. Wall and Mr. L. J.
Wall. Dr. Wall is professor of materia medica and thera-
peutics in the Missouri Medical College. The business is

known as the Oldberg-Wall Laboratory. Dr. Oldberg is also
engaged on a Companion to the new United States Pharma-
copoeia, which will shortly be published.

—; — —
;

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 23

Hfcbical (SUanhrcfs. —The Medicine of Faith. Dr. Barker, writing in the

—Iodoform Ointment. The New York Medical Journal Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter on medical
missions, says that in China $30,000,000 are annually ex-
for October gives the following formula for disguising the pended on the festivals of the dead, the chief purpose of the
expenditure being to propitiate spirits who have the power
—odour of iodoform: Pulv. iodoform. 3ss., eucalypt. 3ss., of producing disease.

vaselin. 3iv. Misce, ft. ungt. Among the aborigines of Mexico, the same writer tells us,
the physician, magician, priest, or astrologer who can exor-
—Apomorphia in Poisoning Cases. Dr. W. Murrell
cise these "disease spirits" often receives divine honours.
recommends a solution of apomorphia to be kept in a solu- The pathway of the small-pox spirit is, by many, supposed
to be obstructed by thorns and bushes thrown in its way, or
tion of 1 in 50 strength, and doses of 3>$ to 10 minims l to by digging trenches across its track, or by scattering stinking
oils around their dwellings. The deafening noise of gongs
( T5 and fire-crackers also resorted to for the same purpose.

1 grain) to be administered subcutaneously in cases of After showing how usefully medical skill can be employee!

poisoning. Emesis occurs in from two to five minutes, the —by missionaries in Egypt, Syria, India, and China, the author

contents of the stomach being usually voided in one rush remarks : "Among the Western nations medical knowledge

without previous nausea, but with violent and visible has reached a high degree of perfection." Take a specimen
furnished by a Paris newspaper, which quotes from a pamphlet
muscular action of the stomach walls. Dr. A. Routh, in the sold in the department of Loir- et- Cher, entitled "The Poor

Lancet, December 23, records two cases in which life was Man's Physician." Two extracts from this production are
furnished. One is, " A prayer to stop toothache." You have
in all probability saved by the rapid and certain action of to say five paters and five aves in honour of the five wounds
of the Saviour, then make the sign of the cross on the cheek
this emetic. In one case oxalic acid had been taken, and
the woman could hardly be regarded as alive ; in the other in the spot where the pain is felt, and you will very shortly
be cured. The other sample given is similar, but adapted
a dipsomaniac had swallowed 1\ bottles of brandy. for the colic. The writer sarcastically observes that no

—Poisoning by Male Fern. In October last we briefly prayer is given for the cure of idiocy.

reported the circumstances of the death of Mr. S. E. Aitken,

of Colombo, Ceylon, which followed within a few hours the

administration of a 12-drachm dose of male fern prescribed

by Dr. Coghill. An inquest was held, at which Dr. Coghill
was entirely exonerated. On November 21, however, the

editor of the Ceylon Observe?- had the courtesy to publish Whooping-cough Remedies.— M. Pierre Vigier, in a

a letter from him, which filled two newspaper columns, French journal, gives a few prescriptions. First, he recom-

intended to justify the use of heroic doses, and to cast dis- mends Drosera to be given in the form of alcoholate for a

credit on the witnesses at the inquest. The prescription he a child one to two years of age, 20 drops three or four times

ordered was copied from Naphey's Medical Therapeutics, a day in a little sweetened water ; for older children, from
one to four teaspoonfuls in the course of the day. The
and it was admitted by the publisher, and subsequently by
favourite remedy of Dr. Delpech is one frequently employed
Dr. Coghill, that 1 1 oz. was a misprint for li drachm. A
in this country, namely, 30 grains of powdered cochineal
rather active correspondence followed the publication of

Dr. Coghill's letter. and 20 grains of subcarbonate of potash in half a pint of

—Druggists' Treatment of Gonorrhoea. In a paper in water, flavoured and sweetened. M. Vigier gives as a

the Lyon Medicate, November 18, 1882, M. Diday protests modification of this formula a recipe for a preparation" which
against the treatment of gonorrhoea by druggists, his argu-
will keep, as follows :
ment being that they always prescribe specifics (copaiba, Powdered cochineal Grammes

cubebs, &c.) and injections much too early, and thus prolong Yj

the duration of the attack to more than twice its normal Subcarbonate of potash 12

length. M. Diday exemplifies his meaning as follows : Boiling water 600

—Doctor's Treatment. A patient first notices discharge on Sugar 900

April 25, and comes to the doctor on May 1. The treat- Infuse the substances for half an hour, add the sugar," dis-
ment [should be:. From May 1 to June 7, diluents, &c. solve with a gentle heat, and strain. Children of one to

June 7 to 21, direct antiblennorrhagic treatment. Duration two years may take two to three teaspoonfuls per day

—about 50 days. Druggist's Treatment. May 1 to 8, diluents ; older children, from three to six teaspoonfuls ; and adults,
two tablespoonfuls per day.
May 8 to June 21, injections and specific .drugs internally,
Dr. Beauchene prescribes the following powder :
with no good results; June 21 to July 20, again diluents;
July 21 to August 14, antiblennorrhagic remedies in large 8 grammes

doses. Duration, 105 days. Calcined magnesia 2„
Sugar 20 centigrammes
—Repeating Prescriptions. The following letter and Extract belladonna 10 „
Kermes 60 „
—comment are from the Lancet, December 30, 1882 : Orris

—Sin, Would you be good enough %i give me your opinion or. the follow- Mix the extract and the sugar, add the kermes and the

ing question :—

Some six months ago my doctor gave me a prescription, which he told orris, then the magnesia and triturate to homogeneity.
me could only be made up at a certain chemist s. I had the medicine
Divide in to 50 powders. Children of one year may take
made up, and with an excellent effect. Being cured, my doctor sent me in
three per day between meals children from two to three
;

his bill—15/. for 30 visits—and I at once sent him a cieque. This week, years of age, five and older persons, eight.
;
being in need of the same medicine, I take the oil prescription to the
—KrAO. Mr. Farini, of the Aquarium, whose latest exhibit,
chemists, and ask them to make it up. This they refuse to do on the ground
that my doctor had forbidden them to dispense it without his sanction. I a girl seven years of age, whom he describes as the human
apply to my doctor, and he writes me that those are his orders to the
monkey and the missing link, is apparently trying to play

chemist, and that each time I require that medicine I can only obtain it on the superficial scientism of the present day. .According
by first applying to him for an order. I do no$ care to be treated so
to a competent authority writing in the Medical Press,

childishly. Would you inform me if a chemist has a right to decline to Krao is simply an exceedingly hairy Siamese child, and it
make up a prescription he has already dispensed, and also whether a doctor is unpardonable hyperbole to speak of her as a human

has the right to order a chemist not to dispense any particular prescrip- monkey or the missing link. Except her extreme hairiness

mytion of his? I paid doctor 10s. for that prescription, anil contend she exhibits no signs of physical degradation below the

mythat it is property, not his ; and that I am free to have it made up type of her race, and there is not an idiot school in this or

every day if I choose. What do you say ? any other country in which children might not be found

I am, sir. yours &c. presenting much more striking simian characteristics or re-

December 21. 1882. ISquibbr. semblances than any that she displays. This luxuriant

*»* A medical man is at liberty to make his own terms as to attendance, growth does not at all betoken connection with lower

but the system described in our correspondent's letter is not generally species, not even with lower races. According to this writer

Apractised or approved. medical man either dispenses or prescribes. If a copious growth of body hair is characteristic of the higher

he prescribes, the prescription ought to be the property of the ;patient, to

be used when and how he pleases, and ought to be written so that it may rather than of the lower races of mankind, and is a distinc-

be compounded by any legally qualified chemist.— Ed. L. tive mark of the Semitic and Indo-European families

—— —

24 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

whereas, amongst the Northern Asiatic Mongols, Hottentots, found his tincture of burdock seed of extreme value in all

and Bushmen there is but a scanty or scarcely perceptible dyspeptic cases. Dr. Squibb gives the following formula

—crop of hair on the trunk and limbs. Of all unfounded for the tincture : Take 2 lbs. of fresh burdock seed and

hypotheses to explain inordinate hairiness, none could be grind it in a sharp coffee-mill, putting it through several

more mischievous than that advanced in the case of Krao. times with the mill screwed up as closely as possible, until
the seed is well broken up, though it need not be in very
—Thousands who look at her and she certainty presents a very fine powder. Put equal parts of the ground seed in two
—curious and unique appearance will go away with a crude 1-gallon bottles, and fill them up with good whisky not less

notion that the problem of the descent of man is solved,

and that a showman has struck a fatal blow at orthodoxy. than two years old. These should stand in a warm place,

Thousands will think that she is a missing link in the chain with occasional shaking, for a couple of weeks, when the

of being ; whereas she is only a well-recognised link in the clear tincture will be ready for use. The dose for tetter is

chain of monstrosity. one tablespoonful three times daily immediately after meals.

—Diphtheria a Disease of the Liver. Dr. Squibb, in In cases of atonic dyspepsia Dr. Reiter prescribes a dessert-
spoonful, before meals, well diluted. In an alcoholic
a recent number of his Eplienn ris, publishes .a letter from preparation like this, which is to exert a prominent effect on

" his valued friend, Dr. W. C. Reiter, of Pittsburg," in which the stomach, good whisky, if old enough, is very much better
than diluted alcohol of the same alcoholic strength. If to
—that gentleman writes as follows: "By the way, did I be taken in doses of one or two teaspoonfuls or less, as with

send you my little monograph on diphtheria ? If not, I will tinctures in general, alcohol is as good or better than whisky
;
send one right away. myI have, this winter, verified dis-
but when the dose exceeds two teaspoonfuls the menstruum
covery perfectly. Diphtheria is a functional disease of the becomes an important therapeutic element, and then good
natural whisky or brandy of sufficient age should alone be
liver. This organ has lost its power of destroying fibrine,
used.
of which Brown-Sequard says : 'The liver, in a healthy

adult, metamorphoses 80 oz. in 24 hours.' Here you have

— —the remote cause inspissated blood and the theses of in-

fection, contagion, micrococci, &c, are moonshine, transcen- MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE.

—dental tomfoolery. The proximate cause too much fibrine

in blood. Where a case has not reached a fatal condition,

from 24 to 40 hours' medication effects a cure.'' As an —Butterine. The Lancet says this is made by melting

illustration the doctor describes a case of a boy whose elder beef suet in warm water with carbonate of potash ; then
brother had just died of diphtheria. Tni* one had taken it,
and he (Dr. Reiter) was called in. pressing out the oleo-margarine from the stearine, mixing

" The patient Jim is a very bright boy of eight years, and the former with the soluble matter from cows' udders,
much attached to me. I said to him. •Jim, how are you 1 '
Placing one hand on vertex and other to forehead he ex- a little annatto, and a due proportion of milk, and then

claimed, ' Oh, Doctor ! I have such pain through my head.' churning.

His throat had that intense erythematous redness which is —Cattle-fattening Powder.
pathognomonic of diphtheria; a few spots, like milk-stain,
were the only exude. His skin was very pale and very hot, Parts
and his pulse very tense and quick, frequency not over a
hundred. Iceland moss 100

" I pronounced it a very grave case, gave him I scruple of Speelwell herb 15
calomel on a teaspoonful of cold water, and prescribed
Aniseed 5
10 grains to be taken every hour. I ordered 5 grains potass,
Caraway-seed 5
chlorat. in solution every third hour. Gum- water, barley
Ground together and added in small portions to fodder as
gruel, lemonade and cold water ad libitum. My visit had
an appetiser and fattener. National Druggists? Journal.

—Imitation Raspberry Syrup (for Soda Water).

Orris-root, crushed 4 oz.

been at 9 a.m. saw him again at 1 p.m. and 4 p.m , but Acetic acid . 2„
; Acetic ether 1„
Alcohol 1 pint
found no improvement. At 8 p.m. his father and Dr. A

said he had improved. I could not discern it. Begged the

mother to continue 10 grains every hour until I came again. Macerate for a few days, filter, colour with cochineal, and

She did, faithfully. I saw him at 8 a.m., and said : 'Jim, add sufficient to simple syrup to give the necessary taste.

how are you? ' He sprang up on his rump and exclaimed : American Bottler.

' Doctor, make mother dress me I am well and want to go —Sachet a l'Heliotrope.
;

down stairs.' After midnight he had begun to sleep peace- Parts

fully, skin became cool, pulse softened and became full, Coarse ground orris-root 200

bowels moved three times copiously, voided urine freely, and Coumarin j

said his headache had gone. The interval was increased to Vanilline \
i
three hours, but calomel was continued until dejections were Musk
Oil of bitter almonds
watery, with green gelatinous masses, like fresh-water

polyps. Oil of roses

—" Dear Squibb, smoke that in 3'our meditative pipe a boy Dissolve the coumarin, vanilline, and the two oils in alcohol,
and sprinkle orris-root with it. Rub the musk well with
of eight years, with 1 oz. of calomel in his prima via;, not
the powder. National Drugghts' Journal.
prostrated, but restored. Trousseau is the only medical
—Finger-nail Polish. Pure oxide of tin, tinted with
writer I know of who has not only seen, but has most accu-
carmine, and perfumed to suit. Apply by rubbing on the
rately and graphically described, all the protean forms of nail either with a finger or a nail polisher covered with

—this most fatal malady and not one of them escapes a clear

and most rational explanation by my etiology.

" I have read again and again his most graphic articles on leather.

diphtheria, and it pains me to observe how he staggers in —Clergyman's Sore Throat. Dr. Springstein recom-

trying to reduce his notions to a rational philosophy, lacking mends the following as a useful palliative, and, in some

the light of a sound etiology. Do borrow Trousseau's —cases, a cure for this troublesome disease : Tinct. opii.
1 Clinical Medicine,' Vol. II., ana read it. I know it will not
tinct. sanguinariffi, && fl. 5]. ; balsam tolu, Jij. M. Sig.
—only instruct, but delight you. I must here say my cases
—Twelve drops on a lump or sugar three or four times a day.
—have been hundreds— never saw hypercatharsis have had Med. Brief.
—Artificial Modelling Clay. A valuabls plastic
to give salines— never saw salivation nor other mal effect."
material has been introduced in Germany for ornamental
—Burdock Seed for Tetter. This same Dr. Reiter and other purposes. Five parts of sifted whiting are mixed

also records how he had inherited from his ancestors

a troublesome psoriasis, which manifested itself on his with a solution of one paro of glue, and on those two being

left leg and ankle, aud was always brought on by any well worked up into a paste, a proportionate quantity of

pork preparation, as well as by other indigestible food. An Venetian turpentine is added, in order to prevent brittle-
old farmer told him he could cure it by taking burdock seed
ness. A small amount of linseed oil is also put with the
in whisky, and this he found to be the case. Further, he
mixture, to obviate its clingiDg to the hands, and the mass

January 15, 1833.] — 25
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

may be coloured by kneading in any colour that is desired. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral.—Although the following is
The substance thus formed may be pressed into shapes and
probably not the working formula oE the Messrs. Ayer, it is
used for the production of bas-reliefs and other figures, and at least similar, and decidedly seasonable.

may be likewise worked by hand into models ; the hands to Sjrup of wild cherry 6 drachms
be rubbed with linseed oil, and the mass to be kept warm
Syrup of squills .. .. 3
during the process. On becoming cold and dry, wbich
Tincture of bloodroot . . 2„

takes place in a few hours, it is as hard as stone. Sweet spirit of nitre 2 ,.

—Florida Water. Wine of antimony .. .. .. .. ..3

Oil of lavender Siiij. Wine of ipecac 3 ,,
Syrup "
„ bergamot 3iiij. H oz.

,. cinnamon jiij- Acetate of morpbia 2 grains

,. cloves 3]. Spirit of bitter almonds 1 drachm
3ij.
., neroli grs. iiij. Weekly Drug News.
Cj.
Pure musk
Coiogne spirits'. 9.3 per cent

Macerate 15 days and filter through paper.— St. Louis VETERINARY.

Druggist. —Intestinal Obstruction. In a recent number of the

The five subjoined formula; are from the formulary of Kennel Gazette were quoted instances of dogs being killed
by intestinal obstruction caused ty swallowing corks.
—the Dutch Society for the Advancement of Pharmacy, trans- Referring to these cases a correspondent of the above journal

lated in New Remedies : furnishes in this mo nth's number some valuable notes

Cetraria Saecharata " Carrageen Sacchai-atus" regarding the successful treatment of similar mishaps in his

(Irish Sugar). own kennel. The subj ects in all instances were hounds fed

Parts principally on the refuse from the table of a large establish-
ment, where the servants throw pretty well anything into
Irish moss 25 the tub provided for the dogs' food amongst other things
Sugar 100
;
Water Q-s-
peach-stones, plum-stones, and corks were constantly to be
Boil the Irish moss for half an hour with a sufficient quan- discovered. The features observable were, that the dogs
tity of water ; strain with gentle pressure, and dissolve the became dull and heavy, disinclined to feed, and walked
sugar in the strained liquid after it has become clear. about with backs arched and their tails tightly held between
Evaporate the solution on the water-bath, under constant their legs ; but the most diagnostic symptom was that they
stirring, until the residue can be reduced to a fine powder, turned their head to the side where the pain evidently
existed, and licked it. Constipation was present, although
which must be kept in a well-stoppered bottle. at first shreds of mucus were passed after much straining.
The treatment consisted in first passing a tubs up the
Gelatina Cetraria; {Irish Moss Jelly). rectum, about 6 inches, and injecting, by means of an

Parts ordinary enema syringe, 1 pint of warm olive oil. After re-
moving the tube the rectum was plugged with a piece of
Irish moss sugar 25
sponge the size of a goose's egg, to which was attached a
Sugar 9 string. This was retained for several hours, until the dog
became very uneasy, when the sponge was withdrawn by
Water 65
means of the string. An evacuation followed, in which was
Orange-flower water .. .. .. .. .. 2
the cork. " I have," says the writer, " had four cases, in one
Make a solution of the first three ingredients, on the water- of which a peach stone was passed. All were treated in the
bath, and add the orange-flower water. Then expose the same manner, and' are still alive. One thing to be observed
is, to pass the tube as far as possible; this must be done
mixture in a cool place until it congeals to a jelly. gradually and gently. It is quite useless to give the dog
purgatives, as this only does more harm than good by causing
Extraction Malti rum Quinina {Extract of Malt with the obstacle to be forced lower, and to become more im-

Quinine). pacted in the folds of the intestine, the object being to
Parts inflate the intestine round the obstacle, and thus to dislodge
it. The same treatment I have found very useful inordinary
Extract of malt 195 constipation, and always effectual without causing the
Hydrochlorate of quinine distress to the dog and loss of strength produced by
Glycerine 1
purgatives."
4
NOTES FROM GREECE.
Dissolve the hydrochlorate of quinine in the glycerine,
—Chrome Iron Ore. Hitherto the supplies of chrome
and mix it with the extract of malt. This preparation
should be freshly made when wanted for use. iron ore have been drawn from Baltimore in the United
States. On the island of Tinos, in the Archipelago, splendid
Extractum Malti cum Ferri Ioclido (Extract of Malt with ore is found, containing '.>o to 40 per cent, of chromic oxide.
The owner of the property is H. Paximades, lord of the
Iodide of Iron). manor of Tinos, also of Athens. The ore could be easily
shipped at the haven of Panormos, and might certainly be
Parts put down in England far more cheaply than the American

Extract of ma't .. 96 ore.

Solution of iodide of iron 4 The Oil Crop of the year has been unusually favourable.
From the island of Corfu, which is an olive forest from end
Mix them. The solution of iodide of iron is prepared by to end, 40,000 barrels had been exported up to the end of
bringing together :'. parts of iron with 8 parts of iodine, November, each barrel containing 40 maas ; and the oil
and enough water to make 10 parts, when the reaction is revenue for this island alone may be estimated at not less
completed and the liquid filtered. Twenty parts of this
than 10,000,000 francs.
solution contain 5 parts of ferrous iodide. This preparation
The island of Corfu is known as Olive Tree Island, and
should be freshly made when wanted for use.
the Turks call Chios, Sakis Adassi, or Mastic Island, Since
Extractum Malti Ferratum, (Ferratcd Extract Malt).
the time of Homer the island of Seriphos has been called
Parts Sidyra Nysos, or Iron Island. The island of Naxos, from
the abundance of emery on it, might be called Emery Island.
E :tract of malt 95 The island of Kassos, in the Turkish Archipelago, is Gypsum
Island, for gypsum is exported thence to all parts of the
Soluble pyrophosphate of iron .. .. .. 2
Levant for use in wine making.
Distillei water 3

Mix them. This preparation should be freshly made when

wanted for use.

—LiME-.irjrcE and Pepsine. The Deutsch. Amenkan.

Apoth. Zeit. gives a formula for this compound, but, as the

title bas been previously used in England, it might be

desirable, if adopted, to name it differently :

Lemon juice 4 oz.

Cognac 6„

Rjrup of 'sweet-orange peel 4„

Water .-. 2 ,,

Saccharated pepsine 64 grains

Dissolve the pepsine in the water, aid the cognac, then the
lemon- j dice, and lastly the syrup ; filter.

26 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.~

[TME CHEMIST!

—Office 42 Cannon Street, London, E.C

PEIOES FOB, 1883.

MINERAL WATERS. SUPPLIED
7i PER CENT. FOR CASH.
5 PER CENT. ON QUARTERLY ACCOUNTS.

E. GALLAIS & CO., Majesty

27 MARGARET ST., REGENT ST., The QUEEN.

EE SEABURY & JOHNSON'S Advertisement of INDIA- Trade Advertisement.
Pri3e List on Application.
s RUBBER POROUS AN D SPREAD PLASTERS on page 131.
51 BERNERS STREET. LONDON.
MUM F ORD.1 AH LOSCON 1373 's PAR'S 1815
TONGA—IMPORTANT REDUCTION, g»p-».

CHEAPEST CONDY'S FLUID OF ALL.

PURE CRUSHED LINSEED PERFECTED COD LIVER OIL.

In 7, 14, 28, 661b. and 1 cwt. Bugs, 20s. per cwt. net, bag included .. de- FRY'S MALTED COCOA AND CHOCOLATE. See
livered free in London, and in Tins, 4». per doz. Best Qu ality ; no Oi page 52.
Extracted. Carefully cleaned and ground so as to retain the natura
colour of the Seed without being heated. MALT EXTRACT. Seepages

MUM FORD'S ™TASTELESS CASTOR OIL. Se 52

PURE STARCH POWDER HAY'SJOLUBLE ESSENCE OF GINGER. *»p- «»

Per cwt., net, 28s., delivered free in Londonin 7-lb., 14-lb., 28-lb., «^HAY'S GINGER CHAMPAGNE. s *5
56-lb. and 1-cwt. Bags.
HAYS SOLUBLE ESSENCE OF LEMON.
MU M FORD'S

PURE FULLERS EARTH

Finest powdered, 16s. per cwt., in 7, 14, 28, 56 lb. and 1 cwt. Packages DITORIAL OTES.

Delivered free in London. Samples post free.

6, S, MUMFORD STEAM MILLS, FARRIN6D0N ROAD, LONDON, E.G.
,

THE ALKALI INDUSTRY.

JUJUBES. Scc pase - 4- Seldom has a technical subject been invested with so much

interest as the story of the alkali industry as related by

Mr. Walter Weldon, in a paper read by him before the-

P O S T F R £E' Society of Chemical Industry on January 8. No hero of a
^ Wholesale PrkJe List of,/. >"
three-volume romance ever met with so many calamities
.
and surprises, or combated them with such uncompromising
Homoeopathic Medicines,
determination as the soda manufacturers of this country
Mother Tinctures, Pilules, Globules, Sugar of Milk. Medicine
Chests, Bottles, Cardboard Goods, and all Sundries have done. The story is all the more sensational from the
connected with the Homoeopathic Business.
fact that we are at present at its critical point, and have

no assurance, though there is a dim hope, that after all the

difficulties of the way the level plateau of prosperity will

W.H OLE sale &r Export H om oeo path ic Chemists again be reached.

Z^B^J^^j^^ SPENCtR PLACE, bl A- -HEATH, S.f. The alkali industry in England dates its importance

SHELFANGER."—The Mineral Water. from the repeal of the salt-tax, just sixty years ago but
;
"Commercially and intrinsically worthy of judicious pushing."
it is only within the last twenty-five year3 that it has-
10 to 20 per Cent, for Cash.
SEE PAGE 60. assumed anything like its present proportions. The pre-

sent annual value of the product is estimated at about

3,500,000?., and some 40,000 persons are employed in

the various works. We all know that for some years

January 15, 1883.] — 27
;
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

manufacturers have had a terribly trying time. Many pose to establish works in the United States and at
of them—perhaps most of them—have been working at an Antwerp. The subsidiary company which they have pro-
moted with these objects has a capital of 1,200,000?., half of
actual loss, in the hope that the tide would turn, and which is already paid up.
frequent efforts have been made to force up prices to a pay-
The Leblanc makers, thus attacked in face and in flank,
ing level by means of combinations, limitation of supply, would seem to be in desperate straits. They have anticipated
and such-like artificial means. Still the prices tend down- that the ammonia process must fail for want of ammonia at
wards. Consumption is greater than ever it was, but pro- a possible price, but Mr. Weldon shows that the supply of am-
duction still develops at a greater rate, and it must be monia from the distillation of coal is practically inexhaustible.
assumed, therefore, that there are makers who, by superior They have also anticipated that the growth of the ammonia
processes and apparently trifling economies, succeed in process would mean a deficiency of chlorine, but it appears
leaving a margin in their own favour between the cost and that the production of hydrochloric acid is so much greater
than the requirement that as manufacturers may not pollute
the selling prices of the various products. water and air with it, they are compelled to convert it into
chloride, with the result of a still declining market for the
Mr. Weldon says that a few years ago 25 alkali-works same. And, moreover, M. Solvay now proposes to manufac-
were in operation in the ceigbourhood of Newcastle. ture hydrochloric acid from the residual calcium chloride of
the ammonia process. So that there seems no hope in
Now there are but 13. Of the rest eight are com-
either of those directions. But, notwithstanding all this>
pletely dismantled. In Lancashire, which possessess advan- Mr. Weldon seems to believe in the ultimate triumph of the
tages of having salt at hand, and being near the best ship-
ping port, there are several works closed, and most of the Leblanc process. In the first place, he expects that new
uses for hydrochloric acid will soon be found. Then he
others are only partially in operation.
The chief cause of this depressed condition, according to says that the present price of pyrites, which is entirely

Mr. Weldon, is the serious, and, for the present, the suc- arbitrary, must be reduced. He calculates, as we have said,

cessful rivalry of the "ammonia process" with the old on an actual difference of 11. per ton between the Leblanc
Leblanc process of alkali manufacture. The Leblanc pro- and the ammonia process. But a reduction of 50 per
cess originated in the days of the French revolution, when cent, in the cost of pyrites would only benefit the
Leblanc makers to the extent of 7*. 9d. per ton.
France was prevented from obtaining the old barilla soda
from abroad. It consists of the decomposition of salt by A greater benefit he maintains can be secured by the adop-
sulphuric acid with hydrochloric Fcid and chloride of lime tion of Schaffner & Helbig's process for the recovery of the

as bye-products, with the subsequent calcination of the sulphur, whereby alkali makers could provide the sulphur
sulphate of sodium with chalk and coal. The ammonia used in England at a considerable profit, to the exclusion of
the present Sicilian supply. But his chief hope for the
process is based on the fact that carbon dioxide passed into future suggests, if realised, the most romantic feature in this
a solution of salt and ammonia will yield bicarbonate of
soda and chloride of ammonia, thus curious contest. A great advantage of the ammonia process

NH +CO +NaCl+H„0 = NH.Cl + HNaCO at present is, that it requires only half the fuel consumed in
J; ) the Leblanc process. But by a bold idea, actually realised

Dozens of patents have been taken out, and various experi- in the works of Mr. Hugh Lee Pattinson, this disadvantage
of the L°blanc system may become its salvation. Mr.
mental works setup, with the view of rendering that process Pattinson has shown that by using a peculiar coal, and distil-

workable. But the first real success seems to have been ling it at a low temperature, he can get gas, oil, and
obtained in Belgium by M. Solvay, who first established his ammonia at a profit and obtain his coke for nothing. Of
works in 1865. In his first year he made 179 tons of alkali course the ammonia process makers could get their fuel for
last year Mr. Weldon says he made 53,400 tons in his three nothing likewise ; but then, as they only use half what the
factories in Belgium, France, and Germany, while his present Leblanc makers use, it follows that for every pound they
might save the Leblanc makers would save t wo pounds. If by
year's production will exceed 70,000 tons. On the Continent, this means the Leblanc process should regain its superiority,
Mr. Weldon states, about one-half of the soda manufactured it will most literally fulfil the type of the fabled Phoenix in
is made by the ammonia process : in England only one firm rising to glory from its ashes.
(Messrs. Brunner & Mond) have adopted the system,

but their production has increased from 2,500 tons

in 1875 to 50,000 tons in 1882. This competition, serious

as it is, is soon to be largely augmented. M. Solvay is
«recting new works in Germany, Russia, Austria, and the

United States, and other works are also proposed. This FAILURES IN 1882.
seems to be evidence that alkali can be profitably made ; in
fact, elsewhere Mr. Weldon calculates that by the ammonia

process a margin of 11. per ton between the cost and the The interesting statistics of failures issued semi-annually
by Mr. Richard Seyd, F.S.S., have for some time past
sellirjg price can be established. But, as he says, the most
revealed a gratifying general improvement. We have now
unkindest cut of all to the Leblanc makers is to come from
the Leblanc process itself. A chief feature of this process before us these statistics of failures from 1877 to 1882 in-
clusive. The total number registered in the United Kingdom
consists in the production of the sulphuric acid from pyrites.
—in those years has been as follows: 1877, 11,022; 1878,
British makers use Spanish pyrites ; French makers use
15,059; 1870, 16,637; 1880, 13,147; 1881, 12,005; 1882,
French pyrites. Spanish pyrites contain about 3 per cent,
11,019.
of copper ; French pyrites contain none. The supply of
the Spanish pyrites is in the hands of the Rio Tinto Com- It can hardly be doubted that these statistics furnish as
pany, the Tharsis Company, and Mason & Barry, and as
fairly accurate a criterion of the condition of trade as can
these firms cannot sell an ounce of pyrites in France, the
Rio Tinto Company are about to establish in France five be obtained, though, of course, there are many correlative

great works in order to manufacture soda with their own circumstances which should be taken into account.

pyrites, and with a primary view of extracting the copper, In Mr. Seyd's statement an analysis of the various classes

regarding the soda and the chlorine as bye-products, which Weof tradesmen contributing to this total result is given.

—extract the figures referring to our own business :

they will sell at a profit if possible, but which they are 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882
20 41 30 18 17 9
willing to sell at bare manufacturing cost. They also pro- Wholesa'e chemists, druggists, &c. 70 90 96 95 62 li
Chemi-ts, druggists

yj uituiiiiiST
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.
28 [January 15, 1883.

It is a little disappoint ing to find that this year pharmacy obtained it. The Pharmacy Act does not make it essential
does not seem to share in the general improvement, but, that a witness should sign the poison-book when the pur-
putting together the wholesale and retail, the line between chaser is known to the chemist ; but in the case of some
which is somewhat vague, the result is not discouraging. poisons it would be desirable that a second signature should
be obligatory. Miss Murray would probably be alive now,
We have previously pointed out that a trade cannot be so and perhaps cured of her sentimentality if she had found it

near to the brink of ruin as ours is sometimes represented to impossible to obtain prussic acid without getting one of her
be, if the annual proportion of failures is kept well within acquaintances to accompany her to the shop where it was to

1 per cent., and we reckon that pharmacy has not exceeded be procured. Even with a witness there are not many
chemists who would have cared to supply the poison; and
this average in the worst years. chemists should consider that the public safety is much
more guaranteed by their personal discretion than ever it
On another page wo print, as we did last year, Mr. Seyd's
can be by formal laws.
full analysis of the failures of the past year as regards the
various trades. It will be observed from that list that the THE CHEMISTS' BALL.

failures among retail traders concerned in the supply of food If the trade continues to go to the dogs at its present rate
of progress, this Journal will soon be wanting a fashionable
were, without exception, lower in 1882 than in either of the reporter. Festivities of some sort, directly associated with
two previous years ; the one bank in the list was a money-
changing firm ; the medical profession has a satisfactory pharmacy, are on hand all the year round. Just now we are
in the thick of the ball season. The Chemists' Ball, the old-
record ; while it may not be an altogether unsatisfactory established institution, was held at Willis's Rooms for the
sign of the time3 that pawnbrokers, solicitors, and under- seventeenth time on Wednesday last, or, to be strictly accu-
takers seem to have had a less prosperous year. The great rate, on Wednesday and Thursday last. The second Junior
Pharmacy Ball is to be held, also at Willis's Rooms, on the
fe it ure of the year's statistics is, however, the very con- 24th instant, and we have, besides, before us a circular
siderable reduction in the number of failures of farmers. richly executed in crimson and gold, which we at first
thought was an invitation to the Czar's coronation, announc-
—In summarising the whole Mr. Seyd remarks : '• The year ing the Midland Counties Chemists' Soiree and Ball at Bir-

1882 may be regarded as a fairly prosperous one. There is mingham on the 22nd instant. We seem to be always
no lack of orders in most branches of business, but profits
are small, and complaints that ' business is not what it used reporting some supper or soiree of the Liverpool chemists,
to be ' may in many cises arise from the fact that, although, who have hit on the happy idea of doubling themselves,
as compared with former years, an equal or even larger toasting each other now as scientific men and then as
amount of money is turned over, profits are less." tradesmen. The chemists' societies of Hull, Nottingham,
Aberdeen, Sheffield, and other places, discuss their troubles
We may add that we have received another " statistical at the supper- table, and, as we are always told, "separate at
a late hour after spending a most agreeable evening."
abstract of failures" from Kemp's Mercantile Gazette, which Southampton collects more money for the entertainment of
differs rather considerably from the statement prepared by the Pharmaceutical Conference than it can spend, and South-
Mr. Seyd. For instance, they make the total failures for port is preparing other expensive receptions. It is pleasant
1882 11,796, while Mr. Seyd says they were 11,07:». The to find that trade grievances have sd far encouraged rather
than checked the development of a generous sympathy.
number for 1881 Mr. Seyd gives at 12,005, and Messrs. Kemp
The Chemists' Ball on the 10th instant was, as we have
at 12,020. The two sets of statistics are differently classi- said, the seventeenth of its series, and there was quite a
number of ladies and gentlemen dancing with spirit on
fied, but we are puzzled to understand how Messrs. Kemp Wednesday last who danced when the first ball was
an experiment. But there were, too, a great many
arrive at their results concerning chemists and druggists, young ladies who were as much at home as if they
which is a definite enough trade. Their totals are 16S for were all Miss Willises, and who certainly did not do-
18S1 and 87 for 1882. much dancing outside their mothers' laps 17 years ago.

SALE OF PRUSSIC ACID. We do not wish to be invidious, and we hasten to-
add that this observation applies to a'l the ladies whom we
In November last we commented on some hasty remarks
which the Belfast coroner had made in regard to the sale of were able to see in the whirling crowd. As to costume, we
laudanum by a chemist of that town to a man who had sub- may state, for the benefit of Mr.^Worth and others, that pink
sequently killed himself with it. On that occasion the
chemist, Mr. Henry, had asked what the laudanum was to be was the prevailing colour. Whether there is anything re-
used for, and had received an answer which seemed per- markable in this observation or not we cannot tell, but we
fectly reasonable, and we thought it very unfair that a will have the courage to add that a few blue oi green ladies
tradesman should be held up to opprobrium when he had in the throng would have increased the picturesqueness.
For the first hour or so of the ball the Swan electric light
conducted his business with every regard to the observance appropriately illuminated the scene ; but something went
of the law and with proper consideration for the safety of wrong, and the faithful gas resumed its throne. The supper
the public. The same chemist and the same coroner again passed off with a great deal of gaiety. Mr. R. B. Warrick
appear in the report of a poisoning case, and this time occupied the chair in the large lower room, while Mr.
Umney presided over the select party up-stairs. These
we are bound to confess our sympathy with the expres- gentlemen in short speeches proposed the one toast of the
sions of the coroner. A young lady had purchased evening, " The Ball and the Ladies," but hearty cheers
from Mr. Henry threepennyworth of prussic acid were also given at the mention of the name and labours of
•'for toilet purposes." She was supplied with half an Mr. J. F. Savory, the honorary secretary. Those who have
ounce. The poison was properly labelled ; the sale was duly enjoyed themselves at the last three balls owe much of their
registered. No witness had signed the poison-book, because,
Mr. Henry explained, the purchaser was known to him. The
coroner recognised that the law had been obeyed, but he
added a severe censure on the chemist who had sold half an
ounce of prussic acid to a young girl, living alone, on such a

llimsy pretext. Discretion is necessary as well as compliance

with statutes made and provided, and the whole trade will

agree with the coroner that such a deadly poison as prussic
acid ought never to be let loose on the world under circum-

stances any way similar to those in which Miss Murray

January 16, 1883.] — —
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.
29

pleasure to Mr. Savory's careful provision, and his colleagues THE BROTHERHOOD OF SCIENCE.
on the committee all recognise the pleasant tact and per-
fection with which he has carried out all the arrangements. Synthetical chemistry may be doing a good deal towards
There were over 300 ladies and gentlemen at supper, but the
number of tickets disposed of was a few less than in some the promotion of the prosperity of the world, but it hardly

recent years. seems likely to briDg about the millennium of peace and love.

Professor Kolbe, of Leipsic, is famous as the discoverer of the

SYNTHETICAL PRODUCTS process for the production of artificial salicylic acid. Pro-
:
fessor Adolf Baeyer has won at least as high a renown as

VANILLIN, CUMARIN, HELIOTROPIN. the discoverer of the process for the production of artificial

We have received from Messrs. Schimmel & Co., of Leipsic, indigo. For some reason or another Professor Kolbe seems

a small pamphlet in German, on " Vanillin, Cumarin, and to entertain a feeling of bitter animosity towards his brother
Heliotropin." They are manufacturers of the last two of
those interesting chemicals, and in this pamphlet give a discoverer, and as he (Kolbe) is an adept in the art of sar-
few details which are worth reproduction.
castic writing, and is, moreover, the proprietor of a journal
Eeferring to the progress of chemistry in the synthesis of
natural products, they point out, first, the immense im- (the Journal far Pralttischc. Ckcmie), he has an advantage
portance of the discovery of the process for producing
indigo, the annual consumption of which is about 15,000,000 over his rival which lie seems disposed to use rather un-
of English pounds, averaging a value of 2,500,000?. sterling.
The problem of the synthesis of quinine, they consider, sparingly. In a recent number of the journal Professor
cannot remain long closed to the diligent investigation of
modern chemists. The annual consumption of this article Kolbe describes Professor Baeyer as an ingenious experi-
is estimated at 120 000 kilos., worth over 1,500,000?. sterling.
mentalis 1 but without any true scientific qualities. He
Coming to products which have passed beyond the proble-
matical stage, they consider that in vanillin Nature has been -,
actually surpassed by Science. The prejudice of the public
against the manufactured article is rapidly giving way, and in says Baeyer has no power of expressing himself in words,
a few decades they prophesy that the present system of send-
ing large sums of money out of the country for vanillin and therefore takes refuge in the most absurd formulas, and
plus a large quantity of ballast, when puie vanillin can be
bought cheaper, will be something to smile at. The product he quotes especially his formula; for indigo. The following
of a fairly good harvest of Bourbon and Mexican vanilla
reaches about 44,000 kilos., of an average value Kolbe describes as aa umbrella formula :

of 50*. per kilo., or, say, 110,000?. as the total. 0~

The maximum proportion of vanillin contained in O - CH - CH - C
vanilla is 2 per cent., and in the lower qualities
it runs down to as low as £ per cent. But, taking C tj/— \ / \/ \n"H

the whole as 2 per cent., it results that the vanilla crop ^^-^
represents only 880 kilos, of vanillin, which, at the present
price of the artificial, would cost about 4 0,000? , and would Then he quotes what he calls Baeyer 's winding-staircase
(Treppenthurm) formula :
be much cheaper if manufactured to anything like that ex-
tent. That calculation shows that a saving of 70,000?. ster- N CeH«

ling might be effected. 1)1
Cumarin has been brought to equal perfection as a syn-
HU O
thetical pjoduct, and has met with less prejudice. One
ounce of cumarin is equivalent to 4 lbs. of the best Tonquin HCI I
beans. The crop of Tonquin beans does not exceed 100,000 O
kilos., which, at 10s. per kilo., makes the maximum value
50,000?. sterling. This would be represented by 30,000?. \J
worth of cumarin at its present price. The chief market /|

for Tonquin beans is New York. Cumatia is said to be /
I
an excellent addition to iodoform (in the proportion of
N CH,
about 10 per cent.), to cover its disagreeable smell.
Heliotropin has taken its place in perfumery, and is Farther, he siys Baeyer's style of writing is simply
horrible (scliandcrhaft), and without a trace of logic.
almost exclusively used as the basis ©f the " Extrait de Although, after ten years of experimenting, he at last hit
up3n a means of producing indigo artificially, he has not
l'Heliotrope blanc," one of the leading articles of the the slightest notion what his artificial indigo really is.
Kolbe gives specimens of Baeyer's literary productions, and
perfumer. It makes a beautiful heliotrope pomade. A dissects every sentence individually, commenting on each
tine extract of heliotrope is made with 5 grammes of with cruel malice. Kolbe winds up his article with the
assertion that chemical science is on the decline in Germany,
heliotropin, a few grammes of cumarin, 100 grammes of
extract of jasmin, and 1 kilo, of tine spirit. Through the Some of us might imagine that gentlemanly conduct is
tending in the same direction.
increased use of this product the price has been reduced
from 150?. per kilo., which it cost in 1878, to 50?. per kilo., CONTRACT BETWEEN PHYSICIAN
which is its present rate. AND DRUGGIST.

Allowing for some enthusiasm on the part of the A curious case has been raised in the New York Court of
authors of the pamphlet as manufacturers, it may be Common Pleas by Judge Daly. E. J. Hogan is a physician
admitted that the advantages of these synthetical products
are as yet hardly sufficiently appreciated, and it is for that who, previous to 1871), owned a drug store. In June, 1870, he
reason that we make this abstract of their essay. sold this store to H. Ward, and one of the conditions of the
purchase was that Hogan should send all his patients to
Ward to have their prescriptions dispensed. Ward asserted
that this part of the contract was never fulfilled, and
claimed $5,000 damages. Hogan demurred to the com-
plaint, alleging that the contract, if such it was, was im-
possible of fulfilment, and further that it was immoral. The
judge decided that the contract was not an unlawful one,
and, though he recognised that it was impossible to compel
patients to take their prescriptions to any particular store,

30 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1833.

said the complaint was maintained if it could be shown that The National Dental Hospital, by its secretary, Mr.
defendant had neglected to recommend his patients to the
plaintiff's store. He therefore disallowed the demurrer, with Arthur G. Klugh, is proposing to raise funds by collecting
costs against the defendant. the tips cut off cigars before they are smoked, and selling
fiem to the snuff makers. Energetic gentlemen are invited
We hope to hear the conclusion of this trial. The good to write to the secretary, offering to act as secretaries to
the "Cigar Thrift Fund." Ia Berlin there is a "Berlin
doctor's objection to the contract on moral grounds is Association for Cigar Ends," which collected last year 12
charmiDg. cwt., which sold at 75 mark* per cwt., or 45Z.

There has been a cabinet crisis in the Pharmaceutical The Royal Society have awarded the Davy medal (in

Council, and Mr. Schacht has resigned his position on the duplicate) to D. Mendelejeff and Luther Meyer for their
discovery of the periodic relations of the atomic weights.
Law and Parliamentary Committee. The draft Pharmacy
Bill seems to have occasioned the trouble, but we do not know Mr. Mendelejeff does not admit Mr. Meyer's claim to have
how Mr. Schacht's troubles arose. Possibly the curriculum had any share in the discovery of this law, and in a recent
number of the Chemical Nercs, Mr. J. A. R. Newlands, of
scheme had something to do with it, or perchance it was
widows, or, still again, it may have been the representation of Mincing- Lane, recalls a series of articles written by him in
pharmacists on the pharmacopeia committee. However that that journal in 1S64 and subsequently, some years before
Mendelejeff had published anything on the subject. Mr.
may be, with no knowledge of the views of any members of Newlands says that in his first paper, in 1861, he published
tablesof the elements, arranging them in groups, and showing
the Council, and without the advantage'of the light which sur-
rounds all subjects at Bloomsbury Square, it seems to us certain blanks, which have since been filled up. Thus, he says,
there was a blank next below zinc, which has since been,
that the course for the Pharmaceutical Council to follow- filled by gallium. Mendelejeff 's fame was chiefly founded
on his prediction of this very element, describing its pro-
just now is very simple and very clear. 1 The Government want perties, and his prediction being nearer to the event than
to produce a poison Bill for next session, and they ask for that of Newlands' seems to have determined the reputation
the assistance of the Council. The Council can reasonably and the vote of the Royal Society.
make it a condition of their co-operation that the Pharmacy
Act shall be so amended that the word person shall include At a banquet of the Alumni of the Cincinnati College of
company. But they will drop the substance for the sake
of the shadow if they mix up with their proposals elaborate Pharmacy, the Hon. Frederick Hassaurek was called upon to

arrangements for a curriculum, for which they have not as reply to the toast of "The Ladies.'' He said it was most
yet given any sound and consistent argument, or for some
•of the other projects nursed by certain individuals but not
cared for by the trade.

* appropriate that such a toast should always be proposed at a

druggists' dinner. The ladies are the best customers the

Professor Abel, who occupied the chair at the meeting druggist has. To him they carry the remnants of pin-
of the Society of Chemical Industry, when Mr. Weldon read
his paper on the Alkali Industry, declared that no more money, and all other moneys which they save from the
interesting paper had ever been read in the room where
the meeting assembled, the lecture hall of the Chemical devouring maelstrom of the dry goods store and the milli-
Society. There was a full attendance, including a number
nery establishment. After giving a few details, the speaker
of gentlemen largely interested in the alkali business. Mr.
"Weldon read very rapidly, but with great effect ; and the —concluded thus : Gentlemen of the graduating class, allow
reading of the paper occupied an hour and a half. It will
me to congratulate you on having fitted yourselves for such
be judged, therefore, that in our article on the subject, we
have given but a very brief outline of his treatise. The a profitable profession. It is the royal road to wealth, and

paper will be published in full in the Journal of the Society I have pointed out to you how, Do not rely on the old and
:>/ Chemical Industry, and will abundantly repay perusal.
exploded idea that there is anything to be made by com-

pounding prescriptions. What is there in that 1 You pre-

pare a gargle of chlorate of potash, for instance. The

potash costs you about two cents, the distilled water nothing

at all, the bottle, the label, and the cork from t wo to three

** cents more ; let us say five cents in all. On this you charge
*
from 50 to 75 cents, according to the location of your shop.

This is a copy of one of the advertisement orders we received That's nothing ! The profit is too small. It is too slow a
way to accumulate. But few people will want to gargle
for the current issue :—We do by these presents
even at such a rate. It is, as " Colonel Sellers " would say,
hereby agree and bargain, for our ourselves, heirs, adminis-
a mere side speculation. But the ladies are the thing !
trators, and assigns, to deliver into the custody of such the
Stick to them ! They are your props, your mainstay ! In-
representatives of the C. & D. as shall for the time be sober, vent a new beauty-wash, a new hair-bleach, a new lightning

good and true manuscript copy, to be by them, the said freckle-exterminator, and your fortune is made ! Pray for

see and deed representatives, converted forthwith into clear the increase of the female population ! The greater the
number of ladies, the richer the druggist will become. God
readable type, the impressions of which then and there

taken, shall be distributed to tne number of 10,000 (ten bless the dear creatures !

thousand) as a supplementary and superior codicil to their **

journal of the 15th current, fo r which, unto which, and to

complete which end, full instructions shall be on the morrow A certain Mr. Thomas Dickson, who apparently represents
The Scottish Trust and Loan Company of Ceylon, Limited,
following delivered into the care of Her Majesty's courier.
As witness, &c. —appears to be sending- a letter to various journals we have

** seen it in several already—with the apparent object of insinu-
* ating that British chemists and druggists are blocking the

Baron F. von Mueller, the Director of the Botanic progress of Ceylon by charging exorbitant prices for quinine.

Gardens at Melbourne, makes the bold suggestion that He sa3's, although the price obtained in London at wholesale
auctions allows a splendid profit to the manufacturer who
English-speaking botanists might as well speak English. converts the bark into sulphate of quinine, a further immense
profit is made by the retail chemist, who purchases it at 7s.
He would call fungi, for instance, f ungs alga?, algs : euca-
; or Ss. per ounce of 437 grains, and retails it at 300 per cent,
profit on 480 grains to the ounce: and this magnificent tonic,
lypti, cucalypts and would say stalklet instead of petiole,
; so prized by physicians on account of the certainty of its
effects, cannot be prescribed by doctors in any quantities
Weand fruitlet instead of achenia. have not seen the
they would wish to a poor man or his wife and children,
Baron's original paper, but we at least fail to form for our-
owing to the exorbitant rates charged by chemists (especially
selves any strong arguments in favour of these recommen- country chemists) in making up a prescription, so that prac-

dations. Every science must of necessity acquire a technical tically it is only the moderately wealthy to whom the doctor
gives a quinine prescription without stint. He then states
language of its own, and there is an advantage in this lan-
that in one of the largest cities of the North he was charged
guage being universally understandable. This cau only be

attained by the use of Latin and, besides, to non-botanical
;

English readers, who, by the way, are hardly worth con-

sideration in the matter, fungs and algs would be no more

intelligible than fungi and algs.

;'

31

15?; 9cZ. for 36 grains, which apparently he had done up in variety." Then follows a minute description of characters
separate powder.*, how many he does not say. Curiously and tests, kc.
reversing the general belief, he asks, "If this is the price at
our large town establishments, whar, must it be in country Without, however, entering at present into formula,
towns and villages ? " It is refreshing to find for once that
it is the country druggists who are the chief offenders in this we would briefly indicate one or two features which
matter of prices, but on this occasion their critic is evidently
not a very competent one. Ignoring the long period of high have struck us in a preliminary perusal of the Phar-
rates, he quotes against them the market price of the moment macopoeia. The first is, the absence of doses to all the
for wholesale quantities. He seems to think one experiment
quite sufficient to ensure the condemnation of the whole officinal preparations, as well as the absence (though sug-
body, and he fails to make his readers understand clearly
that he required the chemist to give him his powders in a gested in the general principles formulated by the National
number of accurately weighed doses. It is in our knowledge
that during all the period of high prices chemists as a rule Convention of 1880) of any table " comparing the strength
have been singularly moderate in their charges for quinine,
the " Scottish Trust and Loan Company, Limited," to the of powerful galenical preparations of foreign pharmacopoeias

contrary notwithstanding. used in this country with that of the corresponding pre-

parations of our own." We could view the absence of the

last with equanimity, but we do think that the failure to

specify the doses of the officinal remedies in the text will in

the end be found to be ill-advised. There is a table in the
appendix showing the differance of strength of the prepara-
tions as made according to the last and the present Phar-

macopoeia, and a reference to this table will show that the

changes in strength are both numerous and, in many cases,
important. Add to this the number of new remedies intro-
duced into the new Pharmacopoeia, and it will be apparent

that there are all the elements of some confusion, and pro-

bably also of not a few mistakes, in the absence of a

standard to which ready reference might be made as to

ordinary doses.

A second feature is the absence of processes for the

alkaloids and all chemical preparations, " except those

where differences in process produce different results.

Under this rule we can scarcely understand why processes

The Pharmacopccia of tic United State; of America* Sixth should be given, say, for hydrocyanic acid or phosphoric
Decennial Revision.
acid and not for hydrobromic acid also. The rule, besides, has

After the exhaustive criticism bestowed on the report of some very curious results, judged by ordinary standards.
the Revision Committee nearly 16 months ago, it would be
unnecessary at the present time to do more than refer to Thus in iron preparations we have a process given for ferric
the sixth decennial revision of the United States Pharma-
copoeia, a copy of which we have just received, were it not chloride, phosphate, and pyrophosphate, but no process
for the importance which is certain to be attached to it by
the pharmaceutical body of bcth countries in view of the for ferrous lactate, oxalate, or sulphate. In calcium
many important changes which have been introduced into
this edition. There are, besides, several new features as well salts we have bromide, precipitated carbonate, chloride,
as formulas introduced not apparently contemplated by the
Revision Committee in their last report, and these we in- hypophosphite, and precipitated phosphate with no process
tend noticing without again going over the ground already
traversed by us, or in any way trenching on the condensed but under " Clax " we have chlorinated lime, no process
but admirable report of our American Correspondent. The
favourable impression which will be produced by a cursory given, and sulphurated lime (commonly misnamed sulphide
glance at the volume and its contents will in the majority of
instances, we venture to think, be deepened on a closer inspec- of calcium), a process given. Again, in ammonium salts we
tion. The Revision Committee and publishers have alike done
have benzoate, bromide, carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate,
their respective duties in a thoroughly satisfactory manner,
and a word of commendation will not be grudged to them phosphate, sulphate, and valerianate, and no process is given
by anyone. The general appearance and arrangement of
the Pharmacopoeia has probably already been so frequently for any of them. In all this we have both the practical re-
referred to that any further notice of it at present will be
superfluous. In size it is full octavo, in arrangement it re- cognition and acceptance of the fact that the pharmacist of

sembles very much our own Pharmacopoeia, in type it is the present day does not prepare the alkaloids and other
bolder and more distinct. As to its contents, there have
officinal compounds for his own use, but depends upon the
been 229 substances dismissed which were officinal in the
1870 Pharmacopoeia, while the number at present added ex- wholesale manufacturers for their supply. Much might be
ceeds this by 27, being in all 256. Of the dismissed sub-
stances, 78 are crude drugs, mostly of vegetable origin, 28 said, as shown by the opening address of the President at

inorganic drugs or chemicals, 106 pharmaceutical prepara- the last meeting of the British Pharmaceutical Conference,
tions, and 17 miscellaneous substances. The newly-added
as to whether this practice will in the end promote the true
articles comprise 30 crude drug3 of vegetable origin, 60 in-
interests of pharmacy ; but however much opinion may
organic drugs and chemicals, 16 miscellaneous substances,
differ upon this point, there will certainly be no room
and 150 pharmaceutical preparations. Among the last are :
for differing as to the duty of the pharmacist to
11 abstracts, 10 solid extracts, 35 fluid extracts, 11 syrups,
chemically verify the genuineness of those preparations
22 tinctures, and 6 wines. The Committee have shown no
dislike to innovations, but we think they have shown a which have chemically definite characters not prepared in
wise discretion in agreeing to draw the line some-
his own laboratory. Probably with this view, but at any
where, and have, therefore, not inserted such preparations
rate enabling the pharmacist to fulfil this duty, are the
as aromatic vinegar, Cologne water, &c, with correlated
elaborate descriptions of crude drugs, definitions of physical
substances, or liquor chloroformi co.(syn. chlorodyne), ungt.
properties and purity tests appended to all chemicals and

alkaloids. If we were to point out one feature more than

another of the Pharmacopoeia in which ability and thorough-

ness were characteristic, we would select this. Not only

has the greatest care been bestowed upon the tests for

purity, and a limit established for the amount of unavoid-

able impurity, but strict tests are also given for the detection

of adulterants, anol all this with a minuteness, care, and

Weability beyond praise. have ho hesitation in fixing upon

this as the primary feature of the Pharmacopoeia. Ihe object

of each test, it may be stated, is given in parenthesis.

In nomenclature important changeshave been made, accord-

ing to certain general principles laid down by the Revision

Committee. Thus, tne officinal Latin title of a vegetable drug,

paraflini (syn. vaseline). This last substance has quite pro- with the exception. of a few old well-known drugs, such as
bellaolonna, ipecacuanha, senna, Sec; is now the botanical

perly been introduced under " Petrolatum " (petroleum oint.), genus name, and this is made to denote or stand for the

and is described as a "semi-solid substance, consistirg of part directed to be used, provided only one part of the
plant is officinal. The Latin names of alkaloids are made
Hhydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series, 0 S1 , &c,
I6

obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile por- to terminate in -ina, as morphina, epiinina, while the

tions from American petroleum, and purifying the residue. English terminate in -ine, as morphine, quinine. Neutral

Melting-point about 40° C. to 51° C. (104° F. to 125° F.)j principles have received the termination -innm (English

the first constituting the softer, and the second the firmer, -in), as, for example, santoninum, santonin, picrotoz-

——

32

inum, picrotoxin, and the gender of the Latin nouns how far the present index is imperfect, but the first re-
ference v.e made was indexed as ultraquinine, but not
of salts in -as and -is has been changed to the masculine. under quinine. Nor is there under lead any reference to
the paper on the yellow iodide of bismuth which has intro-
A number of minor alterations has also taken piece in duced new complexity in the examination of bismuth for
it. Nor is the suggestive application of hydroxyl as a
individual cases, some of these harmonising with the liquid dentifrice or mouth-wash referred to in the index.

British Pharmacopoeia nomenclature, and some departing In another respect the index may be improved, though its
present failure in this respect is less blameable. The
from it. Thus, we have chirata for chiretta, asafoetida for section on bibliography, which appears for a second time (it
assafcetida, cambogia for gambcgia, massa for pilula, sul- might be printed in closer type), loses much of its value for
phidum for sulphuretum, and manganum, bromum, chlorum, want of indexing. Take half-page 312 as example. There

iodum for the older terms. are mentioned books on colours, dyes, paper materials, fats,
oils, and perfumery. These should find a place in the index,
The outstanding innovation of the Pharmacopoeia
is the practical abolition of weights and measures, for no one but a man of leisure would care to wade through

and the adoption of " parts by weight " in deci- 25 patres a year to look for the books published on his

mal proportions. We mention this at present merely subject. We think the index ought to be doubled in extent

to show how the Committee have overcome the several diffi- and compiled systematically on definite principles, such as
those laid down by the Index Society or the Library Associa-
culties which beset them in the application of this principle. tion. This improvement would be like the penn'orth of tar
which makes the ship seaworthy.
The difficulty of applying it in the case of fluid extracts
May's British and Irish Press Guide, 18S2. Ninth year.
has already been pointed out, but a similar difficulty applied
also to pills and lozenges where each are made to represent London : F. L. May & Co. Is.
a definite weight and proportion of the mass. The difficulty
has been overcome by making the three preparations ex- This is a very useful directory of the newspapers and periodi-
cals published in the British Isles. The titles, prices, pub-
ceptions to the rule, aDd this has been accomplished with- lishers, and special features of all the newspapers and
periodicals are given, and these are also re-classified according
out to any extent breaking the harmony of the principle : to the towns where they are published and the classes which

Sulphuric acid, two hundred parti 200 they represent. According to Messrs. May & Co., there are
Tincture of ginger,/<>rry fire parts
Oil of cinnamon, one pari. . i~> 2,137 newspapers and 030 periodicals published in the United
Alcohol, " tvfficitnt quantity 1
Kingdom. Among these are 129 trade organs, of which we
To make one thotuand parti 1,000 may add The Chemist and Druggist and the Ironmonger

Add the sulphuric acid gradually to seven hundred (700) were the pioneers. The " Press Guide " also gives a list of
parts of alcohol, and allow the mixture to cool. Then add to the principal Continental journals, a list of annuals which
it the tincture of ginger and oil of cinnamon, and afterwards does not include The Chemists' and Druggists' Diary, and a
enough alcohol to make the product weigh one thousand short treatise on "Advertising as a Science and as a Success."

(1,000) parts. The cardinal law, according to Messrs. May & Co., is to

—Fluid extracts are given as follows : advertise through an agency ; the rest of the advice they

Aconite, in No. 60 powder, one hundred (irammet .. .. 100 offer is all subsidiary to this. The best way of advertising
Tartaric acid, one gramme is a very important subject, and is worthy of a great deal
.. 1 more discussion than we can give to it here. But, as regards
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity agencies, we would point out that tbere is something to be
. . 100 said against as well as for them. They do gain a consider-
To make one hundred cubic centimetres able amount of experience, it is true, and they can, no doubt,

While pills and lozenges are as follows : often help the inexperienced advertiser. But, on the other

Grains Grammes —hand, the old maxim has a good deal of force here that no

Purified aloea, in fine powder, two hundred one can do your business so efficiently as you can do it
yourself. Advertising agents, too, though among them there
•Trains ?<H) .. IS 00 are some firms of the highest integrity, are, perhaps, inclined
to a bias in favour of those journals which give them the
Soap, in fine powder, two hundred grams .. '20 i .. 13'00 best commission, and, as a rule, it is the case that the
weakest journals are generally the readiest to pay high com-
•»00 .. 26 00 missions. These considerations should be borne in mind by

To make one hundred pilte (100) men who are risking large sums in an enterprise so exten-
sive as thorough advertising has now become.
It will be noticed that in the case of fluid extracts the
We have received the first number of a complete Prices
measure for weight has been adopted, but the gramme and
Current, issued by Messrs. Felton, Grimwade ic Co., of
cubic centimetre have been substituted for the troy ounce Melbourne. It contains nearly 100 quarto pages, and the

and fluid ounce of the preceding Pharmacopceias. Tnis various goods dealt in are conveniently classified.

makes the new fluid extract differ nearly 5 per cent, in Messrs. Baiss Brothers have commenced the publica-
tion of a " Quarterly Therapeutic lleview," in which articles
strength, as shown by the following table, in which the on new remedies, formulre, and instruments, are abstracted

metric, troy, and avoirdupois weights are quoted. from the medical journals, for the use of their customers.

Weight of drug — We have received from New York a copy of a new journal

Measure of Fluid Extract for pharmacists published in the German language. It is
called the Pharmaceutischc Rundschau und Zeituny, and is
Tharm., 1SS0 Pharm., 1870 edited by Dr. F. Hoffmann, who was one of the American

100 grammes of drug make .. 100 o.c. .. 04 9 c.c. visitors at the International Pharmaceutical Congress in
.. 100 fl. oz. London. Another journal devoted to pharmacy and in the
100 troy ounces of drug make .. 105-3 fl. OZ. .. 91*1 fl. oz.
German language has been published for some years in New
100 avoirdupois onucesof drugmake OS fl. oz.
York.
The only other features to which we will at present refer
According to the Publislwrs' Circular there were pub-
—are first, the short but useful preliminary treatise on per- lished in 1882 119 new books and 58 new editions of works
on medicine, surgery, &c. This was out of a total of 3,978
colation : and, second, the various tables in the appendix. new books and 1,146 new editions. In 1881 the totals were
respectively 4,110 and 1,296 ; while the new works classified
Among the last are most complete tables of thermometric as Medicine, Surgery, &c„ numbered 108, aud the new

equivalents, tables of percentage and specific gravity of editions 56.

alcohol, acetic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric,

and phosphoric acids, with potassa, soda, and ammonia
;

tables of the solubility of chemicals in water and alcohol,
and various saturation tables. These are all of the most
complete description, and will prove a valuable adjunct to
the Pharmacopoeia. Additions to the Pharmacopoeia and
changes in formuhe must be reserved for another notice.

Year-book of Pharmacy, 1882, witli the Transactions of the
British Pharmaceutical Conference. London, 1882.

The editor of this compend has added one more weight to

the burden of gratitude he has been laying on the shoulders

of busy English chemists. We can merely note the appear-

ance of the thirteenth volume, for criticism worth anything
is impossible without an exhaustive survey of the literature
of the year and a minute comparison with the pages into

which it is here condensed.

—One thing is visibly capabable of improvement that is

the index. No one like a worker knows the value of an
exhaustive index and the hopeless disappointment which

follows the discovery of its incompleteness. We cannot say

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 33

Translations of the Veterinary Treatise in the Chemists' ginger in a clear, bright, sparkling beverage. Mr. Bingley
has sent for our inspection letters from a number of his
and Druggists' Diary, 1883, are appearing in the Pharm. pharmaceutical customers, whose opinions of his ginger-ale

Zeitung of Germany and in the PAarniaceittiscJie Ru ndschan coincide with that we have just expressed.

of Bohemia. FAVARGER'S CASCADE CYLINDER FOR AERATED
WATERS.
We have received several pamphlets, forae of them quite
Mr. H. Favarger, the English agent for the Mondollot
volumes, on new remedies, issued by Messr--. I'arke, Davis aerated-water machines, has patented a new cylinder,
& Co. This house has acquired quite a world-wide reputa- which will be adaptei to the larger forms of Mondollot's
tion for the intelligent manner in which they get new medi- apparatus. The object is to ensure a more perfect satura-
t.on of the water with carbonic-acid gas, and to avoid
cines investigated. At considerable expense they obtain
stocks of new drugs which seem to have valuable thera-

peutic properties, and they distribute gratuitously samples

of these drugs to those physicians or chemists who are
willing to experiment with them clinically or analytically.
They make no attempt to puff the medicines, but simply

publish the reports they receive. Besides this, they claim

no proprietary right in any preparation that may result

from the investigation, but give their formuhe freely to the

world. Of course they have a commercial end in view, but
we cannot see how anyone desiring the progress of the
arts of medicine or pharmacy can reasonably object to the
methods ;they pursue. In the treatises before us we have

full historic, pharmaceutic, and therapeutic detail of such
medicines as chekan, cascara sagrada, grindelia robusta,

Jamaica dog\vood, manaca, quebracho, sierra salvia, berberis

aquifolium, damiana, boldo, eucalyptus globulus, hoang nan,

desiccated blood, and many other of the more recent intro-

Aductions to medical practice. representative of this tirm,

Mr. H. A. Wetzell, is at present in London, and wishes to

enter into correspondence with any pharmacists who may
care to know more about any of these medicines or their

reparations.

KHOOSH TONIC BITTERS.

This is a new product, very attractively got up, and I'kely
;o strike the public fancy as an appetising medicine and
remedy for liver complaints. The company wish to get
nto correspondence with chemists who will help to dis-

ribute their preparation.

GINGER ALE.

Last month we published a theoretical study of ginger-

>eer; this month we have been called upon to make a prac-

ical study of the more fashionable heir of that old beverage

—ginger ale.

First, we may note that the original introducers of the

irticle under this name, Messrs. Cantrell & Cochrane, publish

imong our advertisements a full report of the trial which we

>riefly noticed last month, whereby they established their

ight to legal protection in the United States.

Next we have to acknowledge the reception of a sample

>f the ginger-ale manufactured by Mr. Wm. Hay, of Hull,

'his manufacturer, who first made as an article of commerce

truly soluble essence of ginger, has naturally made use of

,

t himself in his extensive aerated water business. His certain disadvantages in the cylinders as now generally

inger champagne we have previously noticed. His ginger- used. Usually the gas and water are mixed by fans revolv-
ing in the cylinder ; the friction required, and the consequent
le, which is put up in the ordinary soda-water bottles, has
occasional leakage of the cylinder and possible metallic
distinct character. It pours out with as fine a " head " as
contamination of the water, are alleged as disadvantages in
j
the method. Mr. Favarger's new process is to saturate the
ny glass of ale, and possesses all the tine aromatic flavour water by making the gas pass upwards through it, and by

f the pure ginger, without any trace of the stickiness which making the water pass downwards through the gas. A

3 often characterises inferior makes of ginger-beer. It is a brief explanation of the accompanying engraving will

everage which is sure to win favour wherever introduced. —explain the principle : The gas and water enter the

Mr. John Bingley, of Northampton, has also sent us cylinder at the apertures N N. The gas ascends to the top
of the apparatus, and is forced down the tube t. The water
imples of his ginger-ale. His goods are supplied in the
meanwhile passes up the narrow tubes o O, and, coming into
We)Dg glass soda-water bottles. are bound to report on

hem most favourably. Very few makers have succeeded in

3 perfectly presenting the odour and aroma of Jamaica

34 [January 15, 1883.

the lower part of the cylinder, passes through a layer of Mr. J. S. Haywood, of Nottingham, asks us to contradict
marbles on a perforated disc. The marbles distribute the the statement made in our Trade Notes last month, to the
water, aod it passes through the disc in the form of a well-
broken shower. As such it passes through the space rilled effect that Messrs. Lawrence Brothers were sole agents for
by carbonic-acid gas, while all the time the gas which has
the New York Goodyear Company's rubber goods. He has
been forced down the tube is bubbling up through the water.
The water, when thoroughly saturated, is conducted through bought direct from tha* company for years, and on the day
of writing (December 18) had received a letter from them in
the pipes M M to the bottling-stands. which is no mention of the appointment of any sole agents.

RIMMEL'S OZONISED PERFUMERY. *

In addition to the articles we mentioned some time ago, Messrs. Lynch k Co., of Alderegate Street, have taken
Mr. Rimmel has brought out ozonised eau de Cologne, over the perfumery business of Messrs. Renbow k Sons, and
lavender water and Florida water, sanitary pads to hang up are now fitting up a factory and warehouse close by Alders-
in rooms, ozonised soap, and last, not least, ozonised casso-
lettes to carry in the pocket, and sell at Gd. These are the gate Street, where they will manufacture all the specialties
of the old firm and stock a full line of perfumery goods.
neat little nickel-plated perforated round-cornered boxes
which are already familiar to the trade. They are filled Messrs. H. k F. Renbow are both engaged to occupy them-
with a brown dry paste, which gives off a very refreshing
perfume, just appreciably acetous, and more decidedly re- selves in this department.
calling the eucalyptus. They ought to sell, though the
Messrs. R. A. Millard, Son k Appleton, of Charter-
price at first sight may seem rather high. We have had no house Square, and John C. Thompson (Limited), of Great
Eastern Street, have amalgamated their businesses of drug-
chance as yet to test the durability of the perfume.
gists' sundriesmen and patent medicine dealers, and willl
carry on the united concern under the style of " J. C.

Thompson, Millard k Co. (Limited)," at the spacious pre-

mises in Great Eastern Street.

*

The JEsculap Bitter Water Company, Limited, which

adelresses itself specially to chemists, is giving several proofs

of vitality. It has recently come under new management,

<£rabe Botes. and has moved to more commodious premises in Snow Hill.
An advertising pamphlet of 24 pages, by " A Licentiate of

the Royal College of Physicians," is also published, marked

6d. on the cover.

**

Mr. LLOYD Rayner, in conseejuence of a fire on his old We think our readers would find it well worth while to
premises in the Kingsland Road, has removed his business
to 10 and 4(> De Reauvoir Crocent. make an opportunity of inspecting Seeley's hard-rubber
trusses which we mentioned a few months ago. They will
** please any one with a " sanitary sense." The same firm also
* make an ingenious hard rubber instrument for applying
ointment immediately to the parts affected in cases of
Messrs. J. ?I art k Son, sponge importer?, have removed
ha:morrhoid.
from Houndtditch to extensive premises at 54 and 55 Alders-

gate Street. Ry advertisement in this journal, Messrs. George Taylor k

** Co. (Limited), of Liverpool, glass-bottle makers, offer shares
* to chemists and druggists with the object of doing business

Messhs. Whitaker& Grossmitii are making a speciality with them on strictly co-operative principles. Ry adopting
the arrangement proposed, chemists, it would seem, can buy
of transparent soaps, which they produce in several forms their bottles advantageously, and share in the profits like-
wise. The firm are well known in Liverpool as substantial
—scented, unscented, and in sticks for shaving at a low price, and reliable.

and of great purity, hardness, and durability.

**
*

We are asked to state that the dialysed iron referred to

in the article of Mr. Prosser James, of which we gave an

abstract last month, was the preparation of Messrs. Wyeth *

k Co., of Philadelphia. Messrs. W. Kemp & Son have sent us a sample of their

**

Mr. Leon Clerc, of the Pharos Chemical Works, Davey "genuine " crushed linseed, containing all the oil, for which
Road, Hackney Wick, and 48 Commercial Street, Spitalficlds,
announces that pressure of business has compelled him to they claim (1) that it is crushed from seed containing a

take the warehouse at No. 40 Commercial Street in addition large proportion of oil (2) that it is free from all other
;

seeds (3) that every seed is uniformly crushed, making a
;

smooth white product. They guarantee to send seed crushed

to his other premises. freshly on the day on which the order is received. The

** sample they have sent us is certainly a very smooth, uniform,
*

Mr. Thomas S. Jackson, of 109 High Street, Rorough, sweet article.
manufacturer of varnishes and wood stains, has taken into
partnership his somi Charles Stennet and Alfred Henry, who —New Companies White, Palmer & Co (Limited), regis-
have for some years taken an active part, in the business.
tered on December 28 to acquire the business of White,
The business will henceforth be conducted under the style Palmer, Gibbons k Co., Mincing Lane, wharfingers, dealers
of Thomas S. Jackson k Sons.
in spices and drugs and colonial produce, spice bleachers

• ** and grinders, &c. The purchase consideration is 10,000?.,

The Manna Cake introduced by Mr. Ryding-Rennette, and the stock is to be taken *at a valuation the capital
;
of Liverpool, and supplied only to non-cutting chemists,
seems to be making its way well, judging from the agents' is to be 50,000?., in 500 shares of 100/. each.

leters which are published in this number. We suppose —J. Pepper & Co. Objects : To acquire and conduct the busi-

this is due partly to the virtues of the manna cake itself, ness of J. Pepper & Co., wholesale and manufacturing

and partly to the sensible system adopted. chemists, Tottenham Court Road. Caoital : 100,000?., in

Mr. Hickisson, the proprietor of the Daughter of the 100/.. shares. Signatories (with one share each) : R. H.
late John Bend's Marking Ink, says that statements have Hailstone, Haverstock Hill ; S. J. Long, Hounslow ; J.
been made to his injury that he does not supply less than
100/. worth o f his speciality. He wishes it to be understood Pepper, Putney ; W. Redding, Rickmans worth ; T. Marshall,
that be supplies any quantity, acd that for 5/. worth and Brixton ; R. White, Chiswick ; T. Coleman, Willesden.
upwards he will pay carriage to any part of the kingdom. Directing qualification: the holding of ten shares. W.

Redding is managing director, at a salary of 500/. ; R. H.
Hailstone, financial manager and secretary, at 250/. Regis-

tered Dec:mber 28, 1882, by J. Soames, 50 Lincoln's Inn

Fields.

January 15, 1883.] — 35

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

—Draw - off Apparatus.—No. 5803. T. ColUngwood, of York Road,

Lambeth, London. A new or improved draw-off apparatus for

receptacles containing beer or other liquids. Dated December 5,

1882.

— — —Drying Starch, &c. No. 6200. W. R. Lake. A communication from

L. Maiche, of Paris. An improved process or method of drying

starch and other amylaceous substances. Dated December 28, 1882.

—Filters.— No. 5812. H. Rawlings, of Clapham Road, London, lmpro ve-

The following list ha? heen compile! expressly fcr The Chemist avd ments in filters. Dated December 6, 1882.

Druggist by G. F. Redfern, patent agent, 4 South Street, Finsbury, &c— —Fish Extract,
London, and at Paris and Brussels. No. 5788.—L. A. Groth. A communication from

C. A. Sahlstriim, of Joukoping, Sweden. A new or improved pro-

cess lor preparing extract from fish, whale, and other sea animals

Applications for Letters Patent : for food and other purposes. Dated December 5, 1882.

— —Administering Medicine. No. 6103. P. Fonnereau, of Mason's ArmB — — —Glue. No. 5786. L. A. Groth. A communication from C. A. Sahlstrom,

Yard, Maddox Street, and W. Fielding, of Lisle Street, Leicester- cf Jiinkbping, Sweden. A new or Improved process for preparing

Square, both in London. A new or improved instrument or appa" fluid glue from fish, whale, and other sea animals. Dated Decem-

ratus for administering medicine to hordes and other animals ber 5, 1882.

Dated December 21, 1882. — — —Isinglass. No. 5785. L. A. Groth. A communication from C. A. Sahl-

— —Aerated Water. No. 5975. J. Sellers, of Farringdon Road, London, As'riim, of Jiinkbping, Sweden. new or improved process for

manufacturing chemist. The manufacture of a new aerated preparing fluid isinglass from the bladders of cod, haddock, her-

water containing bismuth, to be employed for medicinal purposes. ring, and other fish. Dated December 5, 1882.

Dated December 14, 1882. —Linseed oil Substitute.—No. 5932. P. G. Oster, of Coln-am-Rhein,

— —Ammonia. No. 6008. F. Lorenz, of Rendsburg, Prussia. An improved Prussia. Improvements in the manufacture of a preparation or

process and apparatus for obtaiuing ammonia, luted December 16, compound suitable for use as a substitute for linseed oil. Dated

1882. December 12, 1882.

— —Beverages. No. 5S69." J. Armstrong, of Gauden Road, Clapham, Liquid Vessels.— No. 6092.— W. R. Lake. —A communication from A. J.

London. Improvements in the manufacture of beer or other Gay, of Paris. Improvements in and relating to vessels for

beverages, and extracts or products to be employed in such manu- containing and preserving liquids. Dated December 20, 1882.

facture and for similar purposes. Dated December 8, 1882. Magnesia Salts.—No. .'913.— F. Wirth.— A communication from the

—Bichromate of Potash.—No. 5927.— F. C. Glaser. A communication Farbfubrik vormals Bri'mner, of Frankfort-on-the-Main. Im-

from P. Rbmer, of Elberfeld, Germany. Improved process in the provements in the production of magnesia salts from sulpho-

manufacture of bichromate of potash. Dated December 12, 1882. acids. Dated December 11. 1882.

—Bichromate of Soda.—No. 5989.— C. D.Abel. A communication from —Marking-inks. No. 5946.— H. W. Langbeck, of Leman Street, White-

F. C. Glaser, of Berlin. An improved manufacture of bichromate chapel, London, analytical chemist. Improved manufacture of

of soda. Dated December 15, 1882. marking-inks. Dated December 13, 1882.

—Bichromates No. 6047.—J. H. Johnson.— A. communication from 0. — —Milk fcubstitute. No. 5811. T. and T. G. Bowick, both of Bedford.

Neuhaus, A. Neuhaus, and A. Neuhaus. of Elberfeld, Germany. An improvement in the casing and marking of casing for meal to

Improvements in the manufacture of bichromates. Dated Decern- be used as a substitute for milk for rearing calves, foals, and young

ber 18, 1882. animals. Dated December 6, 1882.

—Bisolcnidalectropathic Treatment.—No. 6926. H. Hang, of Dort- —Monalcoholised Hydric-basas.—No. 6022.—W. A. Barlow. A com-

mund, Westfalia, and A. Wienand, of Pforzheim, Baden, Ger- munication from A. Bbhringer, of Stuttgart, Germany. A new or

many. Treating, for healing and other purposes, organic bodies improved process for producing monalcoholised hydric-bases.

by an improved electropathic method, called the bisolenoidal- Dated December 16, 1832.

el 'ctropathic method, for the application of which improved Oil.— No. 8787.—L. A. Groth.—A communication from C. A. Sablstrbm,
of Jiinkbping, Sweden. A new or improved process for extracting
bisolenoidal instruments are employed. Dated December 12, 1882.
and preserving the oil from fish, whales, and other sea animals.
Bottle-frames, &c.—No. 6804.— J. F. Homer, of Birmingham. Impr ove-
Dated December 6, 1882.
ments in the manufacture of cruet-frames or stands for holding
— —Perfume-tubes, &c No. 5929.— C. E. H. Cheswright. A communica-
bottles, jars, or receptacles for sauces, liquors, scents, or other like
tion from C. Cheswri^ht^of Cognac, France. Improvements in
purposes. Dated December 5, 1882.
collapsib e tubes for containing colours, perfumes, and the like,
&c— —Bottles, and in the manufacture of the same. Dated December 12, 1882.
No. 6822. J. T. Creasy, of Tiverton Street, London. Im-
Preserving Animal and Vegetable Matter.—No. —6134. J.
provements in the manufacture of bottles or, similar vessels and
Townsend, of Glasgow, manufacturing chemist. Improvements
their stoppers, and in apparatus tberefor. Dated December P. 1882.
Bottles. &e.— No. 6053.— J. Chaillet and T. Rougnon, both of Paris. in and relating to the preservation of animal and vegetable matter.

Improvements in bottles and their stoppers for measuring liquids Dated December 23, 1882.

by drops. Dated December 19, 1882. —Pulverising Pharmaceutic Productions, &c—No. 5998. L. L.

&c— —Calcining Regulus, Loizeau, of Paris. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for
No. 6064. J. W. Chenhall, of Morriston, breaking, grinding, or pulverising stones, ores, cements, silex,

G amorganshire. Improvements in the calcination of regulus or granites, marbles, refractory products, coals, almonds, barks,
pharmaceutic productions, and other materials. Dated Decem-
matte, and the utilisation of the sulphur contained therein. Dated

December 19, 1882.

—Capsules. —No. 5931. C. E. H. Cheswright.— A communication from

C. Cheswright, of Cognac, France. Improvements in the manu- ber 15, 1882.

facture of capsules for bottles and other like receptacles. DaLel &c—Purifying Oil, No. 6219.— W. R. Lake.—A communication from

December 12, 1882. E. S. Dangivilli, of Paris. An improved method or process of

— —Cattle Foods, &c. No. 5799. T. Earp, of Newark-on-Trent. An im- purifying oil and fatty matters. Dated December 29, 1882.

proved.manufacture of cake suitable for cattle food and for other —Retort.—No. 6132. J. Lyle, of Dartmouth Park Road, Highgate,

purposes. Dated December 5, 1882. Loudon. A new or improved mechanical retort for the destruc-

— —Cellulose. No. 6201. W. R. Lake.—A communication from the Austrian tive distillation of animal and vegetable matters. Dated Decem-

Chemical and Metallurgical Products Manufacturing Association, ber 22, 1882.

of Aussig, Bohemia. An improved process for obtaining cellulose Soap.- No. 6173.— S. Birley, of Welney House, Haverstock Hill, London,

from wood, straw, and other vegetable substances. Dated Decem- physician. Improvements in the manufacture of soap specially

ber 28, 1882. useful for toilet purposes. Dated December 27, 1882.

Disinfectants.— No. 6143.—I. S. McDougall, of Manchester and London, —Stopping Bottles.—No. 6791. P. P. Deslandes, of St. Heliers, Jersey.

manufacturing chemist. Improvements in disinfecting com- Improvements in stoppers for bottles. Dated December 5, 1882.

&c— —Stopping Bottles,
pounds. Dated December 23, 1882. No. 5944. E. Edwards, of London. Improve-

—distilling Coal.— No. 6059. E. Drew, of Queen's Road, Bayswater, ments in covers or stoppers for bottles, jars, and other hollow

London. Improvements in the distillation of coal. Dated vessels, parts of which improvements are also applicable to other

De -ember 19, 3882. purposes. Dated December 13, 1882.
&c— — —Stopping Bottles,
&c—Distilling Coal-tar, No. 606i).— E. Drew, of Queen's Road, Bays- No. 6073. H. Vollmer. A communication

water, London. Improvements in the distillation of coal-tar and from Messrs. Gomperty and Meinrath, of Hanover. Improvements in

ether materials, substances, or liquids. Dated December 19, 1882. stoppers for aerated- water and other bottles containing liquids or

&c—Drying Drugs, No. 6057.— S. Pitt.— A c jmmunicition from R. G. fluids under pressure, and also applicable to other moulded articles.

Starke, of Montreal, Canada. Improvements in apparatus for Dated December 20, 1882.
drykg salt, which are also applicable for the drying of drugs,
Stopping Bottles.— No. 6176.— H. J. Worssam, of Wenlock Road, City

different kinds of grains, malt, and aH small particles. Dated Road, London. Improvements in apparatus or machinery for

December 19. 188:3. corking bottles. Dated December 27, 1882.

—— — 1;

36 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15,

&c—Treating Alkaline Salts, No. 6058. -C. A. Faure, of Paris. 2514. J. Erskine. Colouring matters for dyeing and printing. 4<i.
2569. R. H. Brandon. Treatment of fatty substances. 6ii.
Improvement? in the treatment at high temperature of alkaline 3004. C. Toppan. Bleaching. 2d.
4155. Adalbert, baron of Podewils. Evaporation of liquids, &c. Sd.
salts and metals, and in apparatus suitable to such treatment. 4249. A. M. Clark. Removing bone-black from filters, &c. 6<f.

Dated December 1", 1882.

—Treating Fermented Liquors — No. 6 80. A. G. Salamon. of Clap-

ham 1'ark, London. Improvements in the treatment of fermented

liqu rs for the removal and prevention of acidity. Dated Decem-

ber 20, 1882. ABSTRACTS OP SPECIFICATIONS.

— —Treating Galvanisers' Flux, &c No. 5746. H. Kenyon, of

Altrincham, Che-hire, manufacturing chemist. Improvements in

processes and apparatus for obtaining useful products in the treat- For permission to print the following we are indebted to

ment of galvanisers' flux and other matters. Dated December 2, the courtesy of the Engineer :

1882. 1921. Mordant, S. Afirgrave, Leeds.—April 22, 1882. 2ei.

— —Treating Hydrochloric Acid No. 5809. J. Hargreave«, chemist, This consists of a mordant composed of oxalic acid, 3 lbs. alum, 12 lbs.
;
and T. Robinson, both of Widnes. Lancashire. Improvements in
bichromate of potash, 4 lbs. ; and white argol, 3 lbs.
treating hydrochloric acid, in apparatus or nppliances employed

therein, and in the manufacture of the said apparatus. Dated 1909. Extnct of Malt, T. Deuce and J. J. Mason, London.—April 21,

liecember 6. 1882. 1882. id.

Treating Mixed Animal and Vegetable Matter.—No. 5765. The inventirs claim the manu"acture of concentrated extract or essence,

—W. C. Clenr.eU. A communication from C. A. Sanceau, of of malt from the male liquor by an improveJ method, the essential feature

AVersailles, France. new and improved method fur the treat- of which is the rapid evaporation of the liquor.

ment of substances containing mixed animal and vegetable Human —5597 Artificial

matter, so as to separate the same, and to produce therefrom an Milk. P. T. J. Yoltmer, Birmingham

uninjured vegetable fibre avail ible for the manufacture of paper December 2 <, 1831.— (4 communication from 0. Lahrmann, Altjna

or for other purposes in which vegetable fibre is u>ed, and also a Ilo'ttein.) Ad.

highly-nitrogeni;ed d>y powder, either soluble or insoluble in This relates to the treatment of cows' or other domesticated animals,

water, as may be desired, and available for manure or other milk, so as to produce milk having the properties of human milk.

purposes. D..ted December 4, 1882. 2205. Curing "Gapes" in Pheasants, &c, J. II. Clark, Tarbigge.—
May 10, 1882. id.
—Treating Sewage No. 5981 —-R. Nicholls, of Purbrook Villa, Victoria
The compound is about 12 oz. quicklime, 1£ oz. nosers of sulphur, 1 oz„
Road, Hendon. Improvements in the treatment of town sewage, assafetida, and 1 grain ar;enious aci 1.

and in apparatus to be employed therein. Dated December li

1882.

Specifications published during the month :

Postage l<f. each extra.

1882.

1002. J. Burrlin. Internal stoppers for bottles. Gd. DIVIDEND.
20!2. J. Forbes and J. Hamilton. P.a sing, forcing, aerating, cooling, and
Lesue. Gboroe, Broomhall Street and Pond Street, Sheffield, chemist and
rousing beer, &c. (Not proce ded with ) 2d. druggist, late mineral-water manufacturer, Langdon Street, Sheffield,
20 '2. J. Bussev. Stoppers fo- bottles. &c. *d.
2067. G. W. Von Nawrocki. Preparing coffee in a sol d form. id. under firm of George Leslie & Co. First div. of 5«., on and after
2073. T. and W. J. NicholD. Catieter.s. id.
January 8, at offices of G. Crumble, solicitor, 46 Stonegate, York.
2077. E. W. Bfll. Refining petroleum oils, &c. 6<7.
2086. 0. Bowen and A. Miller. Deod iris r and filteant. id. BANKRUPT.
2001. V.Manuel. Preparation of pre -erves, &c. 6/.
2098. H. J. Haddan. Machines for mikin? p iper- bags. Gd. KAGENnus<CH, John Peter, 47, 49. aid 51 Glengall Road. Old Kent Road,
2110. S.Pitt Manufacture of carbonate of soda bv ai 1 of awmn'x. id. manufacturing chemist. December 21. January 17, 12. Bankruptcy
Conrt, London. Registrar, Hazlitt. Petitioning creditor, S. W.
21 15. A. Goldthorpe. Purifying « ater. (Not proceeded with.) 2<2. Mulloney, gentleman, Mildmay Chambers, Union Court, E.C.
2122. J. Jaeger. Treatment of textile materials for r.e jdo rising and pro-

tecting them against moth. I'd
2131. G. Daibenspeck. Leads for pencils. 2d.
2177. P. and F. M. Spence. Purification of water, it.

2178. J.A.Dixon. Colouring matters f jr dyeing and printing. 4<i. LIQUIDATIONS.
2188. r. Murat and A. Motet. Apparatus for opening bottles closed by
Spencer, Joseph, Commercial Buildings, Idle Road, Undercliffe, Brad-
internal stoppers. ( Not proceeded with.) 2(7 ford, grocer and chemist and druggist. December 22.

2193. W. Brookes. Manufacture of nitre-sulphuric acid. (Not proceeded Toy, George Bentley, 281 Birchfields Road, Handsworth, chemist.
December 14.
with.) 2d.

2205. J.H.Clark. Compound for caring "gap^s" in pheasants, fowls,

be. id. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
2222. H. J. Haddan. Treatment of off il, oi's, fat=. &c. 61/.
Barker, 0. D., & Co Abbotsford Road, Gotham Hill, Bristol, manufac-
,

2224. G. Prim. Production of ni'roas vapours. Gd. turers and sellers of aerated waters. December 1. (Charles Dexter

2228. A.Allworth. Freezing liquids. 6./. Barker and Charles Brotherhood.) Debts by Barker.

2235. J. H. Loder. Red colouring matter. 2d. Brooks & Co., Lower Baegot Street, Dublin, druggists ard pharmaceutical

2236. J. H. Loder. Alcohol c bevera>e. id. chemists. September 39. (John Brooks and George Howell Grindley.)
2212. J. Erskine. Manufacture of colouring matters for dyeing and
Debts by Brooks.

printing, id. Cooper & Sm th. and Cooper, Smith & Co., Clarence Works, Aston,

2261. T.R.Johnston. Chemically engraving copper or 2inc surfaces, id. near Birmingham, manufacturers of soap and chenrcals. Novem-

2280. C. M. Sombart. 13 ittle-filling machines. Gd. ber 29. (Ct.arles Banks Cooper and Christopher Webb Smith.) Debts
by C. W. Smith.
2297. J. Longmore. Utilising the residues from refining of cotton-seed Cresswell, R , & Co , Red Lion Square, sponge merchants. December 30.
(Randal Cresswell and Edward Rouse.)
oil. (Xot proceeded with.) 2(7. Evans & Davies, Lampeter and Llanybyther, chemists and druggists,
December 30. (Roderick Evans and John Davies.)
2308. A. E. Robinson. Powders for absorbing, fertilising, and deodorising. Harding & Brrmner, Stepney Polish Works, Exmouth Street, Ste ney.
( Not proceeded with ) 2d.

2323. W. A. Barlow. Preserving and cooling beverages to be drawn

off. 6<f.

2372. T. Webb. Manufacture of syrup from date fruit. 21. manufacturing chemists and polish manufacturers. Novemoer 20.
(Alfred Fooks Harding and Selina Balfour Bremner, widow.) Debts
3176. J. Prosser. Preparation of claret for combination with lemonade,
&c. (Not proceeded with.) 2d. by A. F. Harding.

2378. W. E. G edge. Composition for preserving leather, &c. id. Hicks Brothers, Maiden Lane, Queen Street, drcsalters. December S.
2 149. F. H. T. Allan. Treating the spent lyes of soapworks. 2d.
2458. N. Thompson. Stoppers for bottles, jars, &c. Gd. (John Dougan Hicks and Magnus Morton Hicks.)
2471. R. Meldola. Manufacture of blue colouring matters. 4d.
2188. G. W. von Nawrocki. Evaporating and drying apparatus for treating &Speechly, G. Co., Bishops Stortford, chemists and druggists, and

sewage. (Not proceeded with.) 2d. agents for the sales of wines and spirits. December 30. (George
Speechly and William Burdett Gierke.) Debts by Speechly.
2483. J. W. Leather. Manufacture of bjdrochloric acid.
Storey & Copley, Pontefract Lane, York Road, Leeds, grease manufac-
with ) 2d.
(Not proceeded turers and oil merchants. Decetnber 13. (Robert Storey and John

Elliott Copley.) Debts by Copley.

; ;; ;;

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

Mori-on's pills No. 1 , 1 doz. !*.-] J&, Gi. ; 2J doz. —501 Second-hand engine, boiler, lead
,
all at.

7\d., 10s. J doz. Morison's powder \t.\hl., generator, copper gasholder, Bramah
;

Du2s. ; Barry's revalenta 14s., 7s. Gd. pump, big condenser, gauges, filling ma-
;

Atkinsou's preservative 4s. Gd., 2s. 9d. chine for corks, ditto patents ; seen at work
by appointment. Particulars, N. G. Wil-
Terms.—Announcements are inserted In this Holden's stomach mixture. 4, 2s 9</., 7s.;
c dumn at the rate of one halfpenny per word, cocks, Bath.
on condition that name and address are added. H doz. Is. I'd., 12s., all clean. Mason,
Name and address to be paid for. Price in
Cnemist, Rochdale.
figures counts as one word.
If name and address are not included, one Shop Fittings.

penny per word must be paid. A number will Apparatus. —Offered cheap Entire fittings and fixtures of

then be attached to the advertisement by the Wigbtman's printing-press ; see December issue fir^t-class chemist's shop, cases made by
;
Publisher of The Chemist and Druggist, and
all correspondence relating to it must be offers wanted. Harvey, Margate. Treble, London, worth notice of any
addressed to the "Publisher of The Chemist
and Dbuggist, Colonial Buildings, Cannon A No. 2 " Boomer" press, with plates, &c, in parties opening or re fitting shops. 67/30.

Street, London, E.C.," the envelope to be perfect working order. James Woolley, For sale, cheap, some show- cases (small), shelves,
endorsed also with the number. The Publisher
will transmit the correspondence to the adver- S^ns & Co., Knowsley Street, Cheethaw, large gold-labelled ointment pots, and con-
User, and with that his share in the transaction
Manchester. siderable quantity various sized gold-1 tbelled
will cease.
A 2 gal'on copper still, with pewter worm, fur- dispensing- bottles, drugs, &c. To be seei
—Deposit of Money. In order to ensure
—Bafety we offer the following system : The nace, and condenser only used once, for by appointment at Coudy's Fluid Works,
;
purchaser of anything advertised in the Ex-
water what offer ? E. Palmer, Chemist, Church Road, Batters -a, S.W.
change Column may remit the amount to us. ;
We shall acknowledge receipt to both parties by
post-cards, and shall only pay it away on the Aylesbury. Threehundred nearly newstoppered shop-rounds,
advice of the remitter. Whether returned to
him or paid to the seller, we charge a com- narrow and wide mouthed, square stoppers,
mission of Gd. on any transaction of 32. or less,
or Is. if above that amount. Educational. gold label-, two tent sheet-glass oases, 30 by

Dental and Surgical. Set of illegible autograph prescriptions (original), 18, as Maw's, fig. 14 ; toothbri shcase, fig.
2s. Gd., as presented to the Pharmaceutical
Several dozen double and single trusses, all in Society of Ireland for their examina- _\9; 2 pairs counter- scales, fig. 1; a pair
tions ; 30 prescriptions (catch and difficult)
good saleable condition, price Is. each, ( r, given to dispense at Minor during past 12 dispensing-scales, fig. 7, 18 1-lb. and 12
months, 2s. ; 50 questions asked of suc-
take the lot, 9s. per dozen. Parker, 3 iO Leeds cessful students at last Minor, Is. Id. ; lot of 2 lb. blue ointment- jars, fig. 13 ; one
cheap, almost new, books. Stamp for list, 24 5-gr. pill machine, marble slab; what
Road, Bradford. Saunders, 130 Camden Road, N.W. ; note
change of residence. offers ? R. Boberts, Norwich.
To Dentists. -About 200 pin teeth, 22s. 100, or
—Medicine-chests. 1 mahogany chest, similar to
3s. dozen ; about 300 diatomic teeth, )3s.
Maw's No. 3a ; 1 rosewood chest, similar to
1C0, or Is. 3d. dozen; 1J lb. pink rubber, Maw's No. 1 nahogany, 1 oak chest, 17
7s. per lb., &c. Geo. Toogood, Dentist,
stoppered bottles, scales, measure, and
34 Monk S.reit, Bristol.
Literature. knrfe, size 13 by 8 by 5J ; 1 oak chest, 11
Coppered bottles, scales measure, and knife
Pharmaceutical Journals for 1882, perfect ; what
offers? Sumner, Pcarmacy, Hawkhursc. ;

What offers for six years of the P/atrmaceutical 1 solid leather case, similar to Maw's No. 1G
Journal, unbound? Address, Sol. Taylor, all fitted compltte and equal t • new ; part
17 Bull Street, Birmingham.
of the stockrf a medicirje chest fitter ; price
Wanted offers, Pharmaceutical Journal, 1883,
for the lot SI. E. C, 7 Bishop's Road, W.

—Second - hand fittings. Di-pensing - screen,

Drugs and Chemicals. raised centre, glazed sashe--, tablet in cornice,

88 inches long, 39$ inches at centre, 72 inches

Pulv. cubetas, 12 lbs. or less, 1*. Gd. lb. Pad- post free, every Sunday. A. L, Smith, deep, 31. ; dispensing screen, sashes, tablet,
carving, 48 inches long, 26J inches high,
wick, Red Hill. Longfleet, Pcole. 35s. upright case, sa'hes, carving, 2G inches

25-cz. tin Maofarlane's morphia mur., Gi. 91. per Pltarmaceutical JouinaV s, also Chemist and Drug- ;
gist for 1882 ; offers wanted. Rayson,
oz. net. 275/24. long, 35 inches high, 11. ; Spanish mahogany

Surplus stock : Essence bergamot, guarantepd Chemist, Nottingham. screen, pilasters, trusses, tablets, plate-glass
Monthly numbers of Chemist and Druggist for
pure, bulk or divided, 8s. lb. Beech, Chemist, sashes, owo make, 107 inches long. 23J inches
1"82, also for 18M, latter slightly soiled on high, 71. 10s. Hawke&ton, Wild Court,
Ladywood, Birmingham. edjes ; what offers ? W. criibert, Chemist,
Bournemouth.
Bad.rhei, cimomile, sarsaparilla, cera fl iv., ultra- Arnott's "Physics," 10s. 6<7. ; Phirma'utical Great Wild Street, London.

marine and lime blues, fullers' earth, am- A fitting for back of a dispensary, comprising
monia carb., axle oil, olive oil, quinine,
counter, with draweis and cupboaids under,

horehounrt, acetic acid. Adams, 71 Oxford Journal from 1875, 3s., single vol. 4s. ; sink aud waste pipe, fitted over with
Chemist and Druggist from 1876 ; - Year-book shelving, 102. ; a maLogany wall-case, 10 ft.
Street, Salford, Manchester. of Pharmacy," 1874 to i877. What offe.s?

Bad. galarjgal, 3G.>. cwt. curcuma, 20s. ; hele- Jones Pharmaceutist, Treherbirt. Jong, 8 ft. 6 high, 102. : a bent plate glass
; To Chemists anil Booksellers.— Offers wanted for

bore alb., 36s gentian, 50.«. ; anchusa, 4 6s. 35 vols, of the Pharmaceutical Journal, counter case, 6 It. long, 25 wide, 15 high, to
;

pulv. foenic, 28s. ; curcuma, 35s. ; creta open at back, silvered glass falls, 72. ; 4 ft. 9
ditto, ditto, 52.; 8 It. as fig. a 18, 92.; a
gall, 18s. liq. Fantal rub., 40s.; sassafras,
; 8 vols, half-bound calf (1842-49), 7 vols. 4 ft. 10, to open in front, to lift up, 42. 10s.
cloth (1850-56), 20 vols, unbound (1857-76). ;
18s.; quassia, lGs. ; cocculus indicus, 16s. ; Mr. Heal, Chemist, 28 Old Market Street,
manganese, 10s asphaltum, 48s.; crocus a 4 ft. ditto, ditto, 42. ; a 3 ft. ditto, ditto,

; 70s. ; 2 flat counter-ca-es for counters 3 ft.

10s. ; cwt. gran, parad., 42 lbs. ras. guaiaci,

56 lbs. sumaeh, cwt. vallonia, £6 lbs. f astic, Bristol. long, 24 in. wide, A 2, 30s. each. E. Nitali,

28 lbs.cort. cascarilla ; what offers ? Adaius, —Free 3s. Gi. Judd's Preliminary works : 207 Old Street.

Mansfield. "Thema" (mnemonic for essay writing), Twe'.ve nests mahogaoy-frontel god-labelled

Proprietary Medicines. "Caisar Made Easy," •' Arithmetical Tests," shop-drawers, all sizes ; 4 deal - stained

Saleable patents, clean ; send stamp for list. "Medio System and Key," "Short Cut to mahogany upright couuter-e tses, with and

27S/3G. Preliminary"; cost lis. "A. P. S.,'' without desks ; 3 u ah ^ any ditto, 3 It. 6 in.

Patents in good condition and i cwt. new camo- 12 Brownlosv Street, Holborn. aud 4 ft. 9 in. long, superior bent plata-glass
miles for disposal; send for list and simple.
Judd's Minors' "Botany," id.; "Equations," counter- cases ; hand : ome show ca es, as
271/7.
Is. ; " Examination Questions," Gd. figs. Al, A4, a9, a10 Maw's dispensing-
Six 2s. 9d. Towle's chlorodjne, 21s. ; 7 lbs. Full- ; ;
wood's roll annatto, at 2s. 9c2. ; 3 gilloi.s
sperm oil (genuine), at 5s. 276/i8. " Analysis, ' 9J. ; " Physics," Gd. " Materia screens, as a54, A55 Maw's dispensing-
;
Anglo-Swits cocoa and milk, 4-dozen case, 6s.
dozen, or 20s. per case ; Anglo-Swiss coffee Medica," Is. Gd.; "Ointments" (mnemonics), screens with mirror centre a id a case at
and milk, 7s. dozen, or 24s. per 4-dozen case.
Townley, Chemist, Keswick. Gd. ; " Atomic Weights, Atomicities, Gravi- each end ; 20 superior mahogany-moulded
ties " (mnemonics), Gd. " A. P. S.," top retail and dispensing counters, all
Dandelion coffee, good and clean, makers Wil- lengths, as A61 and 62 Maw's quantity
liams, Swansea-6rf. tins, 3d. ; Is. tins, Gd. ; 12 Brownlow Street, W.O.
Is. Gd. tins, 9d. each ; 20s. worth carriage ;
paid. Bowness, Chemist, Workington.
shelving, mahogany cupboards, lockers, &c.
—Homoeopathic Medicines Ashton Parsons,
new stoppered shop-bottles, including gold
Leath it Boss, ar>d other makers— 150 glo-
Soda-water Plant. labels to order, wide and n arrow mouthed,
bules, 180 pilules, 220 tinctures, 6 "Sturniat,"
Second-hand soda-water plant—several in stock. 8 cz. 9s , 20-oz. Ss. 9d„ 30-oz. lis. Gd., 40-oz.
bust of Hahnemann. Harrison & Co., 13s. doz. (if with globular stoppers, 20-oz.
Address, Bratby & Hinchliffe, Sandford
Ctu mists, Derby. 13s., 30-oz. 15s. doz.). Lloyd Rayner,
Street, Ancoats, Manchester.
American-principle machine, second-hand, by Medical Shop-fitter and Fixture Dealer,

Davenport ; 300 dozen daily ; 202. Particu- office and show rooms, 10 De Beaavoir
lars, N. G. Wilcocks, Bath.
Soda - water machine by Mondollot, Paris Crescent factory, 46 De Beauvoir Crescent
second-hand ; 151. ; as good as new. At ;
N. G. Wilcocks', Bath.
(near Whitmore Bridge), Downham Road,

Kin^sland, London, N. Please note removal

to other premises.

;; ;; ;

38 * AT
.

[January 15, 1883.

Large quantity of extract and ointment iars ; 16-ft. rim fixtures, 10 ft. 6 in. high, drawers' Unchangeable cold cream, best ever made
several wall-cases, 41 ft. to 9 ft. long; ringworm application, cures 19 out of 20
several lots new and second-hand cases for glass cases, lockers, shelving, &c, 18/. 10s. cases ; marking ink, equal to Bond's ; black
wall and dispensing ; large quantity of
second-h-nd show-glol>es ; a counter case a G-ft. glass wall-case to match, 15/.; 8-ft. ink, like Draper's, cost '2d. gallon ; lip-salve,
for front of counter, 7 ft. long ; HO 1 -gallon never goes rancid, &c. ; price 5s. each, 17.
maccrators, 1$. each ; 24 C-pint ointment glass wall-case, with glass cupboards under, the five. Address, Dentist, Kings ;liffe,
jars, Is. 8rf. each; 5-foot dispensing-screen, Wansford.
90s. ; 4-ft. ditto, G7s. Ud. ; fittings for a 16/. ; 3-ft. 6-inch glass case for wall, 10 ft.
branch shop, 12 or 13 ft., 22?. 18$. ; wall-
case, 51 ft. long, 8 ft. hisb, 70s. ; wall case, high, 8/. ; nest of mahogany drawers, gold
19 feet long, 71. ; desk and glass case, very
handsome, 42s. ; bottles enough for a shop, labelled, with lockers under, 5 ft. long, 5 ft.
63.i.; counter for a shop, 60s.; *; -ft. dis-
pensing-case, marble slab, mirror centre, high, 52 drawers, 57.; one pair fancy iron
57. R. Tomlinson, St. Paul's Square, Bir-
mingham. brackets for carboys, 40s. ; a quantity Guaranteed formulae, 2». 6d. each, five for 10s.—
specie-jar and carboy stands, show steps "Citron Cream," the perfection of hair-
dressings ; '* Vaseline Cold Cream " ; " Bril-
and stands, perfume-stands, soda-water
liantine Glycerine Jelly" (costs l<f. oz.)
stands, bottles, jars, carboys, specie-jars, ;

scales, lamps, royal arms. E. Natali, 207 Old "Rheumatic Embrocation"; "Itch Oint-
ment"; "Indian Cerate"; "Lumbago
Street, near Pitfield Street, London, E.C. Drops." certain cure ; " The Perfume " i
most of above have been before the public
Dispensing-screen, bent ends, 5 feet long, cost many years, and are very successful proprie-

117., G/. 10s. : two handsome specie- jars, royal

Bargains.— 20-ft. mahogany-top counter, 87. ; arms, 28 inches to top of gold lid, 50$. each ; tary articles ; cash returned if not faith-
one jar royal arms, 38 inches to top of lid, fully represented. " Iri=h," Chemist, South-
lfi-ft. ditto, ditto, 7/.; I2-ft. 6-in. ditto,
ditto, fitted with 21 drawers. 9/.; »-ft. 37. 15s. ; t«o jar-stands for large jars, 7s. Gd.
6-in. ditto, ditto, fitted with 7 drawers. 61. ;
each mahogany sponge-case, 24 inches gate.
8-ft. mahogany-top counter, 70s. ; G-ft. ditto, ;
45s. ; 5-ft. 6 -in. ditto. 10s. ; 10-ft. mahogany-
top Clipboard, panelled doors, '> ft. 6 in. high. long, 30 inches high, 50s. glass case, 10 feet —Satisfaction guaranteed. Recipes of genuine
70s.; 7 ft. 1 in. mahogany cupboard, glass ;
doors 3-ft. C in. high, 57. 10s. ; 7-ft. 6-in. preparations in actual commerce ; " Entirely
mahogany-top counter, fitted with glass long, for front of counter, sponge case in
cases front, 6/. ; :'-ft. ditto, ditto, New Toothache Remedy," gives instant
ditto, 71. 10s.: two mahogary cupboards, centre, 77. 10s. ; bent-front case, 36 by
3 ft. wide and 4 ft. high, 35s. each; 16-ft. ease, non-poisonous, nor injurious to other
run drawers, with cornice, shelving, and 22 inches, tablet in back, 60s., cost 75s. teeth ; " Nigerine," jet-black, waterproof
pilasters over, bevelled-edge labels, and glass ; patent blacking, cheaper and better than
knobs, 21/. ; 12-ft. ditto ditto, 18/.; li ft, Nubian, contains oil, improves the leather;
run drawers, with shelves over, 11/. ; 4-ft. 120 common deal drawers, 5s. ; seven small '• Digestive Relish," most appetising sauce
6-in. ditto, ditto. 4/. ; a large quantity of nests of drawers ; new painted glass case, in creation, mellow, piquante, costs 3s. 6c7.
new and second-hand drawers, very cheap. gallon ; " Lupuline Bitters," the king of
E. Natali, 207 Old Street, near Pitfield 8 feet long, 8£ feet high, 9/. glass front
Street, London, E.C. ; vegetable tonics, vastly superior to the

handsome dispensing- screen, English eight- much-advertised hop bitters; " Lime Cream
and Glycerine," snow-white, chemical com-
day clock and 3G-inch mirror in centre,

height from counter to top of clock, 48 in.,

price 16/., worth 207.; large quantity of

specie-jars, all sizes ; case and desk for 45s.;
case to go in front of desk, 3(is. and 25i.

fixture for side of a shop, 50s., ready to put bination, never separates nor decomposes,
up ; bent-front brush-case, 30«. ; mahogany quickly made; "Foaming Dentifrice," re-
to go round a shop, shelves, pilasters, and
mahogany cornice, nearly new, 60s., entire. sembles Floriline, one-eighth cost, exquisite
odour ; " Red - rose Lotion " (recipe of
Sponge-cases, fig. A 43, 5/. ; fig. A 41, G5s. ; desk R. Tomlinson, 15 St. Paul's Square, Bir- Erasmus Wilson), removes freckles, sunburn,
and cases, fig. a 31. 6 r s. ; a 10-ft. S-in. bent mingham. tan, &c, keeps well; "Rheumatic Embro-
cation " best and surest cure for gout and
plate glass counter-case, 9/.; a 6-ft. G-in. Formulae. all rheumatic pains, costs 7d. lb. ; " Tonic
Hair Lotion," cleanses the head, strengthens
ditto, ditto, 71. ; 6-ft. ditto, ditto, A 18, 71. ; Any chemist desiring a real specimen of elegant hair, cooling, not oily ; " Amygdaline
5- ft. ditto, ditto, GZ. ; 4-ft. ditto, a 17, 90s. Balm," more elegant, superior, and less
4-ft. ditto, A 16, 80s. ; 3-ft. 6-in. ditto, A 16, pharmacy, an efficacious remedy, and one of costly than any gljcerine balm in the
market, quite innocent, non-sticky ; "Ef-
70s. ; 3-ft. ditto, 60s. ; 2-ft. 6-in. ditto, 50s. the most saleable proprietary articles ever fervescent Depurative Saline,"/rtc-simt'7f of

introduced, should obtain my formula for

A6- ft. ditto, A 7, 71. ; 3 ft., fig. aS, 4o.s. ; " Glycerine Cough Linctus," the success of

large number of other glass cou»ter- cases, the winter season 1880-81. Sent on receipt

too numerous to mention in list plate- of Postal Order for 2s. Gd. Address, during Eno's, entirely soluble, keeps well, lOd. lb.,
once tried no other used; " Cryptzymosis,"
; certain, speedy cure for gleet, this injection
is warranted to cure long-standing cases, a
glass dispensing-screens, 5 ft. long, 6 ft. long, January, February, and March, H. Lloyd, guaranteed preventive ; " Campholyde,"

T ft. long, glass case at each end, with 14 Union Street, Plymouth after, to per- extercal specific for neuralgia, rapid in
; action and cleanly ; " Hair-restorer " (sine

silvered glass centre, with marble slab in manent address, Totnes, Devon. sulphor), clear solution and sweet, may be
honestly recommended; "Liver Pills"
front, tablets on top, silvered-glass backs, Fragrant foaming dentifrice (like " Floriline ")
;
inside cases, and fitted with movable marking ink, sine silver (aniline), writing

shelves, very elaborate, 87. 10>. each ; an 8-ft. executed defies chemicals effervescing
dispensing-screen, A 68 ; a ditto, ditto, ;
5 ft. 9 in.; dispi nsing-screens, A 55, 5 ft.
fruit saline (resembles Eno's) magio neu-
;

long, 6/. ; 6 ft. lung, 71. ; 4 ft. 6 in. long, ralgic drops (never-failing remedy) ; quinine (vegetable), mildly aperient, pleasant
with silvered plate-glass back inside, 71. and iron tonic (resembles Pepper's) ; lime-

juice and glycerine (inseparable, white as action, not afterwards confining ; " Lavender

E. Natali, 207 Old Street, near Pitfield Street, milk) ; blue-black ink (non-corrosive, sine Water" (West-end recipe), equals Sains-

London, E C. iron or galls) cherry tooth paste (never bury's in aroma and durability of fragrance
; ;

Upright cases for counter or wall, &c, 2 ft. 7 ferments, like Gosnel's) ; brilliantine (in- " Occasional Pills " (for ladies), physician's
long by 2 ft. 5 high, G in. deep, mahogany
separable, like Rimmel's) pill-coating, prescription, preferred by many to Welch's
; ; ;

a ditto, ditto 2 ft. G long, 2 ft. G hieh, 14 in. (pearly white, no mucilage or mastic used) " Stomach - corrector " (Dr. Taylor's),
deep ; a ditto, ditto, 20 in. long. 2 f(. G high.
5 in. deep ; a ditto, ditto, 3 it. 3 in. long, glycerine jelly (perfectly transparent) pleasant tasting, mild aperitnt, adaptable to
2 ft. 6 high, 8 ft. deep ; a ditto, ditto, 3 ft.
2 long, 3 ft. 3 high, 12 in. deep ; a ditto, crimson marking- ink ; hair- restorer (colour- children and adults ; " Conservatine," com-
ditto, 22 in. long, 21 in. high, 6 in. deep; a less, no deposit, sine silver) ; aromatio
ditto, ditto, 4 ft. 3 long, 3 ft. 6 high, 12 in. vinegar ; toilet vinegar (as Rimmel's); plate- pound powder like Glacialine, preserves
deep ; a ditto, ditto, 3 ft. G long, 3 ft. G high, powder (like Stevens' " Silicon ") Oleum
9 in. deep ; a ditto, ditto. 3 ft. 3 long, 3 ft. milk, butter, meat, &c., cheap Essence
6 high, 12 in. deep; a ditto, ditto, 3 ft. 7 ; ;
long, 4 ft. high, 121 deep ; a ditto, ditto. 2 ft.
long, 2 ft. 5 high, G in. deep ; a ditto, ditto, Flavum Cone., for pomades (colour for Deafness," simple, non-injurious, quickly
3 ft. long, 4 ft. 3 high, G in. deep ; a ditto,
ditto,2 ft. Glong, 2ft high, 3 in. deep."; a ditto, relieves; " Quinine and Iron Tonic " (re-
2 ft. long, 2 ft. 10 high, 21 in. deep ; a ditto,
ditto, 3 ft. long, 22 in. high, 2J in. deep. stable) ; soluble essence ginger (like Hay's) sembles Pepper's), excellent, bright, and
a ditto, ditto, 3 ft. 8 long, 4 ft. 8 high, 13
in. deep ; a ditto, ditto 2 ft. 8 long, 4 ft. 10 corn solvent, clear (not acid) liquoi unchangeable ; " Worm Syrup," purely
high, 5 in. deep ; a ditto, ditto, I ft. 6 long, ;
2 ft. G high, 10-in. deep ; a ditto, ditto, 16 in.
long, 211 in. high, 4 in. deep; a ditto. 7 ft. copaibas comp. c. buchu et matico (mixes vegetable, nice taste, pleasant action, and
8 long, 2 ft. I in. high, G in, deep. E. Natali.
307 Old Street. clear with water) gonorrhoea paste, excel- certain; "Mist. Gonorrhoea" (copaiba),
;

lent (Dr. Ricord's) ; taraxacum and podo- radical cure, nauseous taste masked, pre-

phyllin (resembles Pepper's) with many sentable appearance, quickly made; "Toilet
;

others ; send stamp for list, stating wants. Vinegar " (like Rimmel's), most refreshing,

The toilet preparations are identical with quarter price ; " Corn-eradicator " (re-

those prepared by a wholesale West-end firm; sembles Hargreave's), warranted most ex-
cellent, never known to fail; " Mollispcena,"
others equally good; all inexpensive to make;

5s. each (five for 1/.). Readers are cautioned for tender feet and offensive perspiration,

against cheap and worthless imitations. I curative and disinfectant. Recipes Is, Id.
was first to advertise formula? in this
each, six for 5s., free, with full instructions
journal. Note change of residence, for making and all particulars. Detailed

" Analyst," care of Sir. Warnes, 130 Camden printed lists post free. T. Brooks, Chemist,

Road, N.W. Louth, Lines.

—; 30
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

Miscellaneous. 30 mahogany drawers, loose ; 100 lb. gum tragac, Ganot's " Popular Natural Philosophy." J. T

specie jar, 3-tier glass show-stand, Shofield's Hall, 7 Cornwall Street, Edinburgh.

Magic-lantern slides, sale or exchange, cheap, pig-powders, Bradbury's dipping, sundry A lever dipping apparatus in goad condition.

good. Apply, Piggott, Chemist, Huddersfield. stoppered bottler, 100 gross large vial 271/1G.

Violin, good; bow, box 25*.; exchange to 30*., corks, tioc. sulph., Pulvermacher's belts, Clean iron bottles, cavity-pans, olive-oil flasks.
books or instruments. R., 20 Market Place, Adams, 74 Oxford .Street, Salford.
pot. bromid. and iodid. creta GaUici, lot
Margate. Two nests drawers, each 5 feet 6 inches long,
patents, Crawshaw's dyes. Harrison & Co., new or second-hand, in good condition.

Cans, sound, good condition, and cheap, small Derby. R. F. Brown, Cockermouth.

number, various sizes. Full particulars Three best-quality H'gginson's enemas, com-

from •' H.," 70 Monier Eoad, Old Ford, plete, 7s. (d. ; 2(1 yards best stout black "Enterprise" tincture-press; also mixing and
feeding-bottle tube, one length, G*. Zd.
London. grinding machine for baking-powder most
; ;

Strong vinegar, genuine, Id. gallon into cus- 30 9-inch lengths ditto, 2s. lid. ; 36 each be good and cheap. B odson, Elland.

tomers' own casks, sample quarter on receipt best-quality black teats, No. 1 2s. 3d., No. 2 Spectacles— only with fullest particulars and

fi*. 3d. and cask, special terms for the whole, 2*. Wd. ; No. 3 3s. Gd., punched one hole or lowest price ; no time for correspondence
;

about 400 gallons ; iron mortar, 1 1 inches leech bite ; 3 breast-exhausters with elastic if suitable amount remitted to C. & D.
tube, for self use, each in hinged box, Is. Gd.
diameter, 10*. shop-desk, mahogany, 8s 267/36.
; ;
Redwood's " Pharmacy," Attfield's " Chemistry,"
Floyd & Hicks, Bury St. Edmunds. 1 yard 54-inch G. P. tissue, Is. Orders for Huxley's " Biology," Fresenius's " Qualita-
tive Analysis." C. Thompson, Lodge Lane,
Wright's asbestos gas-stove, good as new, cost 1 1, upwards, with remittance, carriage paid Liverpool.

47*. 6d., price 25*. ; 21 Day's black drinks, 24 to any part United KiDgdom. W. Goldie,

red drinks, 6 white oils, 4 Driffield oils, price 37 Hollydale Road, Peekham, S.E.

55.1. the lot, or exchange patents ; lot Glen- Compound microscope, mahogany case, fine and " The Principle and Practice of Medicine," by
field's starch for sale, cheap. Payne, Chemist,
coarse adjustments, three objectives, bull's- Sir Thomas Watson state price, condition,
;

Market Easen. eye condenser, diaphragm, reflector, stage and edition. C. J. Bennett, Chemist, Widnes,

Late the property of a surgeon—two wheeled forceps, live-box, two curved dissecting Lancashire.
trap, with mahogany driving-box and blui-
knives, ivory handles, 11. Gs. Cartner's pill- Cassell's ' Popular Educjtor," " Dairy Farm-
;
ing," " Horse," " Dog ; " Ward & Lock's
cloth cushions, &c. ; wheels, shafts, and coater, 25s. ; sieve for 10*. Gd. spice-mill,
ironwork good as new ; suit a doctor or ; " Universal Instructor," Muter's " Materia
Medica," Parrish's " Pharmacy ; " pharmacy
bv Savage, to screw on counter, height 2 it. utensils. Donald, Chemist, Wigton, Cumber-

traveller price 12/. delivered. J. Hunter, 4 in., bronzed fly-wheel, bright brass hopper,
;
gun-metal fittings, working order, price
Dewsbury, Yorks.

Two 25 gall, iron spirit-drnms, 10*. each ; 10 doz. V. 18s ; 14 30-oz. blue syrup bottles, the lot land.

Gd. and 1*. pomades, 2*. 9rf. and 5s. Gd. doz. Gs. Gd. ; three two-gallon pear-shaped car-
boys, 14*. Smith, Chemist, Amersbam.
Apollinaris pints, 28*., quarts 18s. per case ;
tumbler stamping-press, 8s. ; 14 lbs. pulv. ADDRESSES AND INFORMA-
TION WANTED.
tragacanth, 3s. lb. ; Ladd's tincture- press,
E. C. Butler, lately in practice as surgeon at
17*. ; 2 wiring-stands, 7j. Gd. erch ; 23 lbs. WANTED St. lla^yns, Cornwall, or any of his rela-

fol. sennse, Alex., Gd. lb. ; 7 lbs. shellac, 7s. ; Scott's cigarettes, either size. 275/24. tives. To John Lea, Folkestone, would
Several gross syphons, in good condition. 278/7.
gum acac, sorts, GiMb. ; Swiss milk " Dairy Job lots vaseline, cbrisma, fossiline, castor oil, oblige.

maid," 21s. per case Savory's food, 6s. and paraffin wax ; cash. 273/23.
;

12*. per doz.; quantity of shop-rounds.

Day & Co., Heme Hill, S.E.

Cnibe Report. Exports.

THE reports which follow are by different hands, and pre- The value of the exports of British and Irish produce for
pared quite independently, in the hope that by this the years named were in 1880, 223,000,440/. ; in 1881,
234,022,678/.; in 1882, 241,477,156/. To this total has to
means we may be able to represent more faithfully the be added in 1881 an estimated total of 63,000,01)7/., and in
1882 of 65,827,000/., as the value of foreign and colonial
different phases of a market which, in consequence of the merchandise re-exported from the United Kingdom. The
vast variety of articles concerned, is a most difficult one to following are the details, as far as they are officially given,
of drugs and chemicals :
roperly report.
Fortign and Colonial Merchandise.
The Board of Trade Returns for December give the
1880 1881 1882
—following particulars : The total value of articles im-
£££
jorted into the United Kingdom in 1882 was 412,001, 6S3/.
;

n 1881 the value was 396,773,350/. ; in 1880 it was
H1.210.056Z. The imports of several drugs and chemical

—products in those years were valued as under :

Imports.

Quicksilver 100,987 159,620 242,752

1880 18S1 1882 Saltpetre 17,381 18,4.8 25,588

L'nseed 80,220 46.057 13,171

Cinnamon .. .. .. .. 78,841 72,258 X2.558

£ £ £ Pepper 236. 9n7 267,031 4"»0,443

Ukali 77,560 76,109 87.001 Bark, Peruvian 611.155 729,9f>7 903,332
1,139,67s 1,380 514 1,518,728
)ther chemical manufactures 1,185.334 1,812 501 1,781,482 Cochineal 278,825 202.515 137,1(6
271.420 201.6:9
'eruvian bark .. 253,398 241 672 292,462 Gum, lac, all kinds ,
Snrostme 414,790 353 »S9 244,804
210.375 250,301 222,475 211,410
360 377 G"l,026 514,120
1,608.374 2,346,161 2,610,003 Indigo 1,300,835 .549.933 ,774.8 9

jochineal 24.292 28,633 33,050 Oils—
682,056 780,049 1,270,352
lums, arabic .. .. .. .. C coannt .. .. .. .. 278 471 224 140 205 688
liac, seed, shell, stick, and dye 457,728 577,568 526,862 I 16 ; ,088 166,309
1,510,670 1,102,186 1.220,817 663,2? 4 64!.il6
O'ive .. 126 625
543,083 360,854 2 1 4,230
ndieo 905,779 1,210,020 037.601 Palm .. 648.5*7
ladder, madder root, and garancine 517,161 478.201
378,477 536,010 639,685 Petroleum 18,809 24 843 37,96.5
1,297,841 4!)8,li0 1,704,753
Nitrite of soda 354,703 1,951,469 270.201
His— 303.104 366.330 351,319
4,373,605 201,51)6 5,254,988
Train, blubber, and sperm 4,305,061 British and Irish Produce.
Palm ir0,312 103,001
100,580 121,176 64,400
Cocoanut 3»8,2G5 50,466
584,548
Olive 461,886

Seeds, all kindg 188) 1881 18S2

Turpentine .. .. ..
Petroleum

Quicksilver

Saltpetre £' £ £

—Linseed Alkali 2,39\082 2,08^814 2,06i(,122
Other chemicals
jioe Glass bo' ties 2,3-4 021 2,536,748 2,235.220

Cinnamon 332 883 318,' 82 376,012

Ginifer

Pepper

4I THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

REVIEW OF MARKETS FOR 1882. —Cubebs. The market opened steady at 71. 10s , but

January 1, 1883. American orders coming in during October, sales were
effected at 15/. Since then prices have fallen to 71. 10s. per
THE YEAR 1882 has been marked by great depression in
the produce market?, especially with regard to the most cwt.
important articles, such as sugar, jute, coffee, silk, rice, &c.
All these articles close at lower prices. Cardamoms continue dull, and prices are Is. 9i. to 2s.

In drugs the markets have been fairly steady; chemicals per lb. lower, notwithstanding good deliveries. Imports
dull gums, water and varnish, active spices very dull, with
Weare too large to allow our stock to be reduced. quote :
;;
Malabar, fair to good, heavy and plump, 5s. 9d. to 6s. $d.
the exception of pepper ; oils stead}'. ;

—Money. In January the Rank rate rose from 5 to 6 per Mangalore, ditto, pale bleached, 6s. to 7s. per lb.

cent., owiDg to financial disasters in France, necessitating —Camphor. Japanand China have both fallen considerably.
the withdrawal of large sums from the Bank. The rate was
reduced on February 23 to 5 per cant., and on March 9 to Prices opened in January at 90s. and 85s., and we close with
4 per cent., and again on the 22nd to 3 per cent. This con-
tinued till August 17, when it was raised to 4 per cent., and a dull market, and free sellers at 72s. for Japan, and 70s. for
on September 14 to 5 per cent., where it still remains.
China; 69s. was bid and refuse! for 1,000 tubs Japan in

December.

— —Canthaiudes. China. With ready buyersat good prices,

nearly all the production goes to America. Russian con-

tinues in good request.

DRUfis in many ca^es have shown considerable fluctua- Castor Oil has been dull throughout the year, fair seconds
declimng to \\\d. The Calcutta market becoming firmer,
tions. The most striking movement occurred in November,
prices close \d. per lb. dearer.
in reference to so called brewers* substitutes. Some con-
—Cod-liver Oil. Prices are very high for good genuine
troversy has arisen as to whether such articles as chiretta,
qualities shipments from Japan have been offered on our
camomiles, Coloanb) root, quassia wood, &c, are used by ;

brewers as a substitute for hops. No doubt a large advance markets, but the quality was too low to find buyers for

medicinal purposes.

took place in the values of these articles on the supposition Ergot of Rye closes at a decline of 7s. to 9s. per lb.

would 1 when

that they be bought by the brewers' but a letter —Gum-Benjamin. Palambang has declined considerably";
;

pppenred in the Times from a firm of brokers in Mincing

Lane, drawing the attention of the public to the facts, all fair thirds are selling at 60s. to 62s. 6d. Sumatra is 50s. to

the leading brewers replied, denying the use of these sub- We60s. per cwt. dearer. quote : good seconds, one third

stitutes, and stating their intention to use nothing else but false packed, 9Z. 5s. ; ditto, well packed, 111. per cwt.

hops, however prohibitive the price might appear, the result —Myrrh. A steady market has prevailed throughout the

being that all these before-named articles at once began to year.

fall towards their former level. It would therefore seem Musk shows an advance of 7s. 6d. to 10s. per oz., the supplv

probable that the rise was si nply due to speculation on the not heins: equal to consumption. We quote : Tonquin Pod,

part of a few dealers, to get the benefit of a profit on the pile 1, 76s. pile 2, 46s. pile 3, mixed and adulterated,
; ;
strength of a false impression.
22s. 6d. ; Tunan, 40s. to 50s. per oz.
Cinchona Barlt is becoming more important as an article
—Ipecacuanha. The stock is very large, and low prices are
of commerce every day, the transactions during last year
current for inferior quality.
being the largest on record. The sales in one week were
—Rhubarb. Good sound Shensi root has been in strong
reported to amount to nearly 400,000/., mostly for specula-

tion this, however, had very little effect in torcing prices, demand, a large proportion of the stock consisting of low
; qualities suitable only for grinding. Last sales' rates were
as follows -.—Shensi, bold, pinky break, good coat, 2s. 6d. to
and the market closes very dull and lower. Large specula-

tive purchases in Quinine also took place, and sales to a

-considerable extent were effected, spot and forward up to 3s. 6^. ; ditto, second pile, part spongy, Is. lid. to 2s. 5d.
;

10*. 3d. per oz. ; but during the past few months there has Canton, good medium and bold, Is. 5d. to Is. 9d. highdried,
;

been a strong pressure to sell, and lower prices were accepted. Is. Id. to Is. V>d.; common, dark and spongy and wormy,

The following were the closing quotations f( r cinchona 6d. to Is.

preparations, viz. :— Quinine: Howard's, 8s. 6d. Pelletier's, —Senna Alexandrian has advanced, fine picked being
;
worth Is. Tinnevell;/ is unchanged.
8s. 'id. 1-oz. bottles ; German and Italian, in bulk, 7.v. per oz.

;
—Wax.
Cinchonidine, British, ir. balk, 5*. sulphate, in l-oz. bottles, Carnavba, in speculative hands advanced 20s
; ;

3s. ; German and Italian, in bulk, 2s. Qd. to 3s. ptr oz. Cin- lower prices are now anticipated. For E. I. bleached, ar the
,

chonine, British, 2s. muriate, Is. 2d. ; sulphate, l-oz. bottles, close of the year, there is bettsr demand. Japan is dull at
;
—45s. a decline of 5s per cwt. for the year.
Is, Id.; German and Italian, ll{d., or in bulk, 'Jhd. Quin- —Drysalteries. Gambler.— Cube shows an advanceof 10s.

quidice, British, 7s. fid. Verum, German, 4s. per oz.

Essential Oils have remained dull, with rather lower to 12s. per cwt. for the year. Block also shows an unsually

prices at clcse of year. active market— price in April 19s. 6d., and in November

Aniseed opened at 8s. ?>d ; present value, 7s. M. and 7s. 9d. 27s. 3d. being paid. Catch also followed in sympathy, from

per lb. Cassia, good genuine, 3s. 9d., being 6d. lower. 27s. 6d. in April, the lowest point, to 38s. in the autumn.
Citronelle and Lemon, (lm*s die quiet, at 2d., owing to large
arrivals. Peppermint (H. G. Hotchkiss) declined from Both these articles have been the subject of heavy specula-

13s. %d. to lis. 9d., since recovered to 12s. §d., with steady tion. Galls, China, have been scarce throughout the year,
market. English.— Mitcham and Cambridge : The crop was
small, and prices have ranged between 32s. and 35s. per lb., and prices reached as high as 102s. 6d., but now declined to

being an advance on the last few years. We do not hear of 85s., with sellers forward at 76s. landed. The high prices of

complaints lately as to quality, as was the case a few China caused a demand for Turkey whites, and 10s. per cwt.
years ago, when some of the small growers were ia the
habit of adulterating their products with American oil. advance was paid in some instances. Blues close at 65s.
There is no sieiial reference to other English oils, growers
in most cases receiving fair values for their stills. Japan per cwt ; lower prices are expected, the crops being good.
Oil: Cocking's is growing in favour.it being very cheap,
ranging from 8s. Gd. to Os. per lb. Clove Oil has fallen con- —Dyes. Indigo still retains its importance and value as
siderably, and lower prices are expected, the imports of
Zanzibar cloves continuing large. an article of commerce, while other E.I. dyes have all suc-

—Aloes. Cape : Good bright advanced from 47s. 6d. to cumbed to the more economical in anilines. Cochineal is very

87s. (V.; since fallen to 46s. per cwt. Barbados: There dull, thedecline for the year being 7d. per lb. Lac Ztye.-During
being no import of the genuine description in gourds, our
quotation must be taken as nominal. Cvraqoa has in a the pa*t twelve months considerable sales have occurred of
measure taken its place; gocd bright qualities find buyers
2 cwt. chests, all at Is. each, costing originally Is. to Is. 6d.
at 51. to Gl. per cwt.
per lb. Satflon-cr.—The present low prices have, fortunately,

curtailed production ; values range from 60s. to 90s. per cwt.

Turmeric— Bengal has fluctuated considerably, from I ts. in

January, and closing at 16s. per cwt. Stichlac— Siatn

closes with a decline of 23s. per cwt., from 75s. in January

—to 52s. Indigo. There are 5,170 chests declared for 1I13

public sale on January 15. The sales in Calcutta are pro-

gressing with more spirit, and no decline is anticipated.

—

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 41

Spices have been, with a few exceptions, dull. A new quassia, cheretta. and camomiles, they haviug, as we
already know, had each a run in its turn. Ap*rc from these
feature in the market has been the introduction of English- few and we may say small articles, there has been a mar-

made white pepper, which has been favourably received in

the trade, and although not so sightly as Singapore white, vellous lack "of speculation generally, notwithstanding all
as imported, possesses all the qualities, body, and colour
the inducements brought to bear by brokers, and it is to be

(when ground) of the original. Tapioca has been unduly feared that the high warehouse charges for rent, &c, are

depressed, and, notwithstanding the exceptionally low driving speculators away,*for it is a well-known fac f that the
,

prices, the deliveries show a falling-off. Singapore, fair Stock Exchange is now absorbing a large quantity of capital

quality, sold in December at l±d. per lb. Cassia. Lignea which used formerly to be invested in the Mincing Lane

shows no improvement, the stock being very heavy. Buds markets.

are lower. Chillies, good Zanzibar, after reaching 100*., Another fact is to be regretted, namely, the appearance,

have declined to 85*. per. cwt. Cinnamon is lower, from id. from time to time, of articles of deceptive and inferior
quality, such as woody calumba root, and, worse still, adul-
to 6d. per lb. Nutmegs advanced 3d. per lb., but declined

again. Mace throughout the year has been dull and de- terated balsams and other drugs, leading many to ask for

pressed. the appointment of a Government inspe3tor of drugs ; but
the remedy lies much more in the hands of the consumers
— —Oils and Seeds. Linseed. The quantity of saed im-
tbemselves, who, firstly, cannot expect to buy a good and
ported into England from East India was double that of
genuine article below a fair price; and, wherever any
1881, and from the Black Sea three times the quantity.
doubt may exist, should insist upon a guarantee in writing
Prices, therefore, close much lower, viz., 6*. to 8s. 6d. per qr.
of the purity of the article sold, whether on contract note or
WeLinseed oil also shows a considerable fall. give quota- invoice, and upon taking delivery satisfy themselves as to

tions showing the average prices in the following months : the quality of their purchases. No one official, nor 20

January, 25s. 3d. to 25s. 6d. April, 25s. to 24*. 9d.; Julv,
;
of them, could do the work satisfactorily ; but it may be
24*. to 2is. 6d. December, 21*. to 21*. 9d. Rapexeed.—The
; done by the buyers, and more particularly consumers them-

—imports have been large, but prices are well maintained. selves, looking rigidly after their own interests.

Rape Oil. This article shows an advance of 61. per ton. —Acids. Tartaric, owing to the dearth of the raw material'

Olive Oils have been more or less dull throu°-hou l the year.
,

Imports were small, but a large stock was left over from caused by the decreased wine industry in Prance, followed

previous year. A great proportion of the arrivals have been by the stoppage of works in some parts of Germany through

Spanish. Spot quotations are as follows .-—Seville, 381, the recent inundations, is dearer at 1*. 8|^. for the foreign

Levant 36Z. per tun. Cocoanut Oil has been in steady demand and 1*. 10/Z. per lb. for English make.

throughout the year, imports showing a falling-off, while the Citric is, in sympathy, also dearer at 1*. ll^d. spot or
consumption has steadily increased, owing to the short suo- forward delivery, with contracts made at that figure for first
plies of copra and kernel oil. Copra has advanced from 151. six months of the year, and as long as tartaric lends it a
to 191. 10s. for good sun-dried Sydney. Palm Oil remained helping hand citric acid will maintain its price, although

quiet until August, when, good orders comine in, a substan- the article has nothing much in itself to recommend it at
present, secondhand stocks still being, we believe, very large.
Wetial advance took place. Stock, 135 tons. close 51. 10s Apropos of this article it seems to be strangely inconsistent
per ton dearer for the year.
that, whilst every bale or case of imported produce is care-
Petroleum Oil has shown the usual fitful fluctuations fully reported in our Custom-house bills and stock lists, for

luring the past year. In January the price for spot was the benefit (or ill) of whomsoever it may concern, any quan-
tity of home-made articles of this description may be manu-
]«.; after various changes, sales were effected in September factured and carted into our public wharves and warehouses
it 5>6 d.—the lowest point ever reached— while in November
T\d. was paid. The market closes steady, but not active, at without a possibility of the public being able to ascertain
he following rates -namely, the amount of the stock so existing. Oxalic steady at 6d.
or " Itoj al Daylight." 6f& for ordinary brands to lt4 d.

1882 1881 1880 per lb.

„. , _, Barrel* Barrel* Barrels —Aloes. Barbados, 70s. to 75*. per cwt.
Stock. December
31 .. .. 218,5'0 .. 188,550 87 39?
..
Imports, 12 months .. 560,000 .. 569,900 .. 368,259 Cape are firm at 46s. to 48*., and, according to advices

Turpentine has continued in good demand, the highest from the other side, in consequence of the recent drought
x>int reached being 51*. in March, and the lowest 33s. in and the sparing manner in which shipments to England are
eptember The market closes steady at 38*. spot : Januarv-
being made, prices are not likely to relax.
^.pril, 38*. 6d. per cwt.
—Alum. Steady at 61. per ton for lump, 61. 10*. ground in
Posin.—Business has been very much curtailed, con-
umers buying direct: common strained declined from 7s. bags, with a fair trade doing thereat.

a January to 5*. 6d. in June, since recovered to 5*. Qd. —Antimony. This unfortunate metal shows no sign of

Drvecemb, er „ 1882 1881 18 5 0 improvement, and few articles have suffered so much from
31
Stocki , .. .. 13,619 .. 19,000 .. 24,000 simple over-production in so short a time. At 22/. per ton
for crude, it stands at just half its value of some two years

since and, judging by the fact of contracts having recently
;

been made for regulus, for delivery during first six months

of this year, at less than present price of 42Z, 10*., there

seems to be no hope of any improvement for some time to
come. Japan floods the market with the crude, Australia
deluges it with ore, and the refiners here have to produce

the regulus at little or no profit.

—Arsenic. Unaltered, at 10*. Qd. per cwt., powdered.
—Balsams. Only a small trade doing.

Capivi s. <t.
Peru
Tola 2 5 per lb.
13 0 „

22 „

Bark.— Very quiet, and, owing to the large quantity

advertised for next sales of the 16th iost., and the reduced

values of quinine prices of those qualities are likely to be

easier. Druggists' sorts are unchanged.

—Bleachingpowder. Fairly inquired for at 51. 5s.

per ton.

—Borax. Tn moderate demand at 59*. percvt. net to 63s.,

discount 2^ per cent., for lump, according to make and

quality.

—Calumba Root. The position of this " bitter " was not

improved by the discovery of about half the stocks here

42 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

being of a bad woody quality. Only a few weeks since Opium is in a most unsatisfactory condition. Stocks, said
firm at 90s , it bas gone back considerably, and now tbe to be now about 3,000 cases, are larger than for many years

finest sorts are obtainable at 40*. to 45*. per cwt. past, and prices are very depressed at from 10s. to 17s. Gd.
per lb. In fact, it is not improbable that a large quantity of
—Camomile Flowers. Although business is being done the Persian opium now lying here will very shortly be sent
back to whence it came.
quietly and without excitement, camomiles are well main-
—Oils. Aniseed steady, but with little business doing, at
taining their value of about 81. per cwt. for fine white
flowers, 71. for brownish, and from 51. to 61. for brown and 7s. 9c/. per lb.

old sorts. It is stated that brewers have been induced by GitronelU very dull at 2c/. to 2^cZ. per oz.
the high prices of hops to give camomiles a more extensive
trial of late, and that results have been more satisfactory Lemon Grass quiet at 1\d. per oz.
where used together with the hop in the proportion of one
quarter of camomile up to half and half, and that the beer —Peppermint. American sorts are now quoted with Hale &
so produced is quite equal in all respects to that made from
hop alone. Camomiles being about one quarter the price of Parshall's leading at 12s. 9c/. per lb., H. G. Hotchkiss and
hops, our country friends would do well to bear this in
mind, especially as home-brewing is becoming more general H&LB equal at 12s. Gd , but a little was sold in public sale

again under the new Act. On the other hand, those who last Thursday at 12s. 3d.
may hold more than sufficient for their requirements
until the new crop have an opportunity of now selling Otto of Roses.— The present high figures are well sup-
their surplus at a handsome profit.
ported, and a very fair business has been done of late, chiefly
—Camphor. Raw Japan is worth 75s. to 77s. Gd. per cwt., in medium qualities. Prices range from 15s. to 38s. per oz.

whilst dark China is obtainable at less. English refined in Turkish (about ten per cent, heavier than the English ounce),
bells is quoted 14|c/., and finest French makes at .about
and the most costly brand," Ihmsen's," is quoted considerably
Id. les-. higher. Stocks everywhere are reported, small, and values

Cardamoms meet with fair demand at 4s. Gd. to 5*. per lb. are therefore likely to be fully maintained.

—Chiretta. Direct imports of large quantities have —Potash. Chlorate steady at o\d. per lb. prussiate quiet
;
weakened the market considerably, and this extraordinary
at 9fc/. to 10£c/. per lb. ; bichromate unaltered at Gd.
herb, after rising in a short time from 3d. to 3s. per lb., is
—Potassium Iodide. A fair business is doing in English
now quoted at Is, Gd., but obtainable at less.
at 5s. 6c/. per lb., at which figure " Roques' " French make
Cloves are steady'! at 7d. for good Zanzibar sorts; and,
is also quoted. Bromide quiet at Is. Gd.
considering that stocks are not unusually large, cannot be
—Quassia Wood has experienced a considerable fall to 61
expected to go much lower. In fact, it is not long since
that prices ruled steadily much higher than now with stocks to 8Z. per ton, and fails at these figures to command attention,

at double the quantity, but of late the Sultan of Zanzibar, notwithstanding that only a few weeks since it stood at 30Z.
by reckless or inconsiderate shipments, has caused the
—Quicksilver. This once favourite article with speculators
article to be looked upon as bud, and the effect of the same
can only be to keep prices down to a miserable figure, now stands at 5Z. 10s. per bottle, a price lower than has been
although much lower they cannot go.
quoted for at least twenty years, if ever before, without,
Cochineal.— Quiet rosy black, lOd. to Is. per lb.
; ; however, attracting much attention. Of late years so many

have been the blighted hopes of speculators in quicksilver

that that class of buyer seems now quite to have deserted
it; and, further, to be quite blind to any inducements
that such very low figures would in ordinary times have

been sure to offer. In 1874 the price of quicksilver touched

grey, 26Z., or nearl}- five times its present value.

8tf. to 9d. per lb. Quinine, reduced last Tuesday to 8s. per ounce for Howard's

Cream of Tartar, owing to scarcity of the raw material, in bottles, 7s. 6<Z. for Whiffen's, 8s. Pelletier's French make,
and 6s. 9cZ. for German makes in tins, meets all the same
is very firm at again higher rates of 136s. for firsts and 132s. with but a hand-to-mouth trade. The general opinion is
that quinine, in the face of the large quantities and low
per cwt. for seconds : apparently little coming forward and prices of bark, must go yet a deal lower before anything
like a healthy position can be hoped for. Not 20 years since
small stocks here
we saw quinine at 4s., and we may see it so again.
Cubebs are again lower, fine qualities being obtainable at Certainly the fact of two new foreign makers having been

91. to 10Z. per cwt., stalky at less. Arrivals are coming in added to the list during the last 12 months will not strengthen

freely, so that prices are likely to go lower still. the position of the article.

—Ergot of Rye. Unaltered. Some very fine is quoted —Rhubarb. Fine East Indian qualities, 2s. 6ci. to 3s.;

Is. 5d. to Is. M. good, Is. lid. to 2s. 5c/. per lb., with steady trade doing;

Essence of Lemon is entirely without animation, large China sorts dull of sale at Is. Id. to Is. 4c/.

quantities lying here and waiting to be shipped from Messina. Saffron continues very steady at 44s. to 48s. for pure
Valentia qualities, and 25s. to 30s. per lb. for the Alicante
Best sorts, 7s. to 7s. 6c/. per lb. inferior, 5s. Gd. to 6s. Gd. or harmlessly-loaded qualities prepared in Marseilles, and
;
frequently snipped to the colonies.
Very little demand and a poor ouclook.
—Sal Acetosella.- Still quoted Sf </. per lb.
—Galls. Good Turkey, steady at 60s. per cwt. inferior, —Saltpetre. Refined in fair demand at 24s. Gd. to 25s. Gd.
;
per cwt., according to packages.
52s. Gd. to 55s. China, cheaper at 70s.
—Santonine. Steady at 12s. 6c/. per lb.
Gentian Root is scarce, owing, it is said, to difficulties
placed in the way of obtaining it by the French Government. Scammony.— Slow of sale at 23s. to 27s. 6c/. per lb.
Good quality is not obtainable under 40s. per cwt.
—Seeds. Croton, scarce and dearer at 58s. per cwt.
—Glycerine. -Very steady, at 100s. for best quality, with a

fair trade doing. Should a period of severe weather set in

higher figures may be expected as the result.

—Gum Arabic. Unaltered, as 40s. to 45s. for best sorts,

with some common black Madras sorts, suitable for envelope

makers, in the market at 18s. 6cZ. to 20s. per cwt.

Iodine continues in the same lifeless position, Peruvian

at id. good Scotch, 4£cZ. to 5c/. per oz. Cummin cheaper, at 29s. 6c/. per cwt.
;
—Ipecacuanha. Recent large arrivals will probably have Bill also lower, at 6s. Gd. to 7s. per cwt.

a depressing influence on prices for some time to come. —Soda. Crystals, 3Z. 2s. per ton ; soda-ash in fair demand .

Present quotations are 2s. 9rf. to 3s. 4c/. per lb., according to at \\d. per cent, per cwt. landed ; bicarbonate, 8Z. to 8Z. 5s.

quality. per ion.

—Isinglass. Pecang tine leaf scarce at 4s. 7d. to 4s. 9c/. —Sugar of Lead. Foreign white in poor demand at

per lb. good heavy tongue, 4s. Id. middling, 3s. Gd. to 27s. Gd. per cwt.
; ;

3s. 8c/. ordinary, 3s. 2c/. to 3s. 4c/. purse, good heavy, Sulphur.— Steady at 9s. to 10*. per cwt. for roll, and
; ;
10s. 9c/. to 12s. 6c/. for flower, according to make.
Is. 10c/. ; middling, Is. 6c/. to Is. 8c/.

Lemon-juice is 22/. 10s. to 23Z, 10s. for pipe f.o.b.

Messina, and is somewhat obstinately held, offers of it just Vanilloes are very steady, good long sorts at higher

now being difficult to obtain. prices of 23s. to 32s. per lb. ; short qualities, 15s. to 20s. «•

— —;; ;;;

January 15, 1883.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 43

The produce markets for the new year have opened with siftings, 21*. Turkey sorts, 30 bales at 45s. to 47s. very
;;
more activity, and there is an evident desire on the part of
ordinary, 40s. ; Australian gum, 2 cases sold at 28s. Assa-

operators to forget the disappointments of the past three foetida, 20 cases good sold at 80s. common, 28s. (id. Ben-
;

years, and make the best of the present, and it is certain jamin, lower ordinary seconds Sumatra, 6/. to 67. 5s. ; good
;

some impetus will be felt from America now that they have to fine, 81. to 101. 7s. 6(7. ; low Palembang, 30*. Elemi,

removed the unfair handicap under which we have laboured 80 cases fine and good sold at 100s. to 115s.; common, 45s.

for many years past, namely, the enforcement of a 10 per to 60s. Guaiacum, 2 cases sold at Is. to 2s. 3d. kino,
;
cent, super duty on all indirect imported produce— a duty
—4 cases good bright sold at 47s. myrrh, 7 bales sorts sold at
which affected English commerce almost exclusively, and was ;

95*. Tragacanth Syrian sold : ordinary firsts, 107.

intended to strengthen their own Merchant Navy. Now that seconds and thirds, 57. 10*. to 107.; fourths, 45s. to 90*.;

this incubus to free trade is removed, we anticipate a more inferior, 20s. to 30s. Mastic, 4 cases at 3s.

healthy and buoyant market, that will give importers and Ipecacuanha, 177 packages offered, of which. 120 sold at

dealers more encouragement. Since the commencement of 2s. 5d. to 3?. 5d. damages, Is. 9(7 to 2s. 8(7.
;

the year the following articles are changed in value : Jalap, 50 bales sold out of 50 bales offered, 8 at 10^(7. to

Quinine, sellers of Howard's at 7s. 9(7., and Pelletier's 8*. lid. per lb.

German, 6s. 9(7., all in second hands. China galls have de- Iodine, 1 case bought in at Is.

clined from 85s to 70s. per cwt. ; tannic acid, therefore, Leaves, patchouli, 5 bales sold at Qd. jaborandi bought in

will be lower. Argol in good demand, small white selling —;

at 6r7. Senna Of 580 bales Tinnevelly, nearly all sold from

at 80s. Cream tertar in great request at higher prices, 136s. 1(7. to 5j(7. ; Alexandria, 2 cases damaged sold at 5\d. to Qd.
Musk, 9 packages grain sold at 46s. to 57*.
spot, and 132s. f.o.b. Tartaric acid : sales at Is. 9(7. for
—Oils. Castor, cheaper ; 100 cases fair seconds sold at 3^c7.
foreign; citric, Is, lid. spot, and Is. Uid. forward, Bengal
; to 3 3 16(7. pimento, 16 tins sold at 8s. to 8s. lid.; gera-
;
turmeric, 6(7. lower. Petroleum easier : spot 6fP/7. and 7d. ;
September to December, 7\d. per gallon. Borax, refined, nium, 1 package out at Is., and 10 cases Skd. per oz.

59s. to 63s. sulphate of copper, 207. 10s. ; oxalic acid, flat, citronelle sells slowly at 2(7. ; lemon grass out a', 2d ; ginger
;

price 6(7., less 5 per cent. saltpetre, British refined, 24s. 6(7. grass out at id. : cinnamon out at Is. 6(7. spearmint out at
;
—;
14s.; wintergreen out at 15s.; sassafras out at 2s. 7(7.!
to 25s. 6(7. Shellac. In public sale of 1,500 cases advertised,

700 cases sold : fine second orange, 96s. to 100s.; ordinary, almonds, 2 packages sold at 9(7. ; LB Hotchkiss peppermint

82s. to 88s. ; fine garnet, 72s. button, pale, 88s. to 91s. per HGat 10s. 6(7.; Hotchkiss, 30 cises sold at 12s. 3(7.
;
Liquorice root, 1 bale sold at 20s.; decorticated, 17s. to
cwt. Cochin turmeric, split bulbs, 12s. 6d. per cwt.
; 17s. 6(7.

15 tons redwood sold at 115s. per ton.

Cochineal— Of 248 bags Teneriffe, 55 bags sold at a Scammonv, 4 cases sold at 30s. to 31*.
—Seeds.
decline of \d. per lb. ; small and fair black, 9(7. to Is. Id. Croton sold at 58s. Malta, cummin, 29s. to 29s. 6(7.;
;
—Spices. The sales were very heavy, not having been held
—for a month. The following sold: English-made white Dill, Bombay, 5s. Qd. to 7s.

Wax, bees, meets with competition ; 34 packages Mada-

pepper, referred to in our annual report, 9^(7. to 9§r7., gascar sold: yellow to grey, 67. good, 90s. to 100s. ; and

while fair Singapore white only realised '.)^d. Black Australian, 67. 5s. Japan, sellers at 44*.

Acheen 5jj<2. to 5\d.; Singapore, 5%d. ; Tellicuerrv, 6§d. Vanilloes sold well ; 8-inch to 8^-incb, 32s.; 4^-inch to
Long pepper, 60 bags sold at 44s. per cwt. Pimento
8J-inch, 19s. ; 8 inch, 27s. ; 7.1-inch to 8-inch, 24s. ; 7-inch
lower; 2,000 bags sold at 3§(7. to Z\d. Ginger.— Low to 8-inch. 21s. to 25s. ; 7-inch to 7 }-inch, 21s. to 23s. ; 6-inch

qualities sold 2s. dearer Bengal, 28s. 6(7. ; African, 32s. 6(7. to 7^-inch. 19s.
;
—Balsam Peru out at 12s. 6(7. ; Tolu, 12 cases sold, 2s. 2d.
Cassia Lignea, dull at 34s. ; cassia vera, 28s. Buds.
and 35 cases Capivi, cloudy, 2s. to 2s. 2(7. ; Wood oil, taken
j

i 100 cases sold at 40s. to 41s. 6e7. ; cinnamon chips sold at out, 5c7.

—I %\d. to i\d. per lb. Cloves. Zanzibars again lower; —Rhubarb. 100 cases sold : Shensi, round and bold, 3s. 6(7. ;

400 bales sold at 6f(7. to 7d. Amboyna also lower, 100 boxes
;
second quality, to Id. flat, fair small, Is. to
sold at 10J<7. ; stems, 982 bales sold at l%d, per lb. Coriander Is. 9(7. 3s. ; 10(7.

Seed dull: common, 12*. to 15s. ; good, 21s. Sago.— 600 bags 2s. 8(7. pickings, Is. 5(7. to Is. 6(7. ; round and flat, Is. 8(7. to
;

sold from 14s. to 15s. 6c/. Pearl Tapioca dull bullets, 15s. to —Is. 10(7. ; dark and rough, lid. high dried, Is. to Is. 3(7.
;
;!
; Roots. Seneka sold at 2s. ; Colombo sold at 40s. to 41*.^

s 16s. seed, 14s. 6(7. to 16s. per cwt. flake', 1,000 bags sold,
; ;

bold white and grey, l\d. to 1§(7. ; Penang, good Malakoff, Gentian, dull, 36*. Snake, Is. 4(7. to Is. 5(7.
;
1J(7. per lb. Sandal wood, 450 packages sold : fair chips, 157. inferior,
;

57. to 97. 5*.

The first drug sales of the year were held on January 11, We quote the following report from Messrs. Reynolds &
and were unusually heavy. The sales occupied two days.
The following goods were offered, viz. :— Sellers' Annual Report on Drugs :

Albumen, blood, 10 cases good quality, 2s. It is satisfactory to note that, whilst complaints are made
Aloes— Curacoa, 100 boxes sold, 55s. to 110s.; Cape, 100 that many other of the more imp rtant commodities of
produce find their way direct to foreign markets instead of
cases sold, 30s. to 47s. Qd. through Mincing Lane, London maintains its position as
the chief market of the world for most of the various articles
Ambergris, 9 packages, ordinary and fair, 30s. to 100s.
which constitute this branch of commerce. The trade of
Batk— 100 serons brown, 8(7. to 2s. M. ; 20 bales flat
the past year has been generally good, so far as regards
yellow, Is. dd. 50 bales Maracaibo, 3d.
; consumption for home and export. Prices, however, are in
the majority of cases lower owing to the heavier supplies
Beans, Tonquin— 5 cases Para, 2s. 7d. ; 1 case Dominica, received this year ; in fact, imports of many articles have
been forced into this market regardless of requirements.
2s. Qd. The transactions in bark (medicinal) reported during the
past twelve months are the largest on record, and a study of
Camomile flowers, 10 bales, 57. to Ql. the figures of this article will show the importance it has
attained during the past ten years, and the consequent
< Colocynth sold at Qd. to 9\d.
—consumption of the manufactured article quinine. During
Camphor, China—200 cases, price wanted, 70s.
1872 the total imports were 37,000 packages, deliveries
Cardamoms— Ceylon Malabar sort sold at 4s. 8d. ; un- 29,000. In 1879 they had risen to 61,000 packages, deliveries
49,000, and for the past year they sum up the extraordinary
bleached, 3s. lOd. fair to good native, 2s. 2d. to 3s. ; 1 case total of 110,000, the deliveries being 88,000 packages. The
; impetus given to this article is mainly due to the cultivation
of the quinine sorts in the East Indies (chiefly Ceylon)
good bleached Mangalore, 7s. ; Malabar, 6s. Tellicherry, and Jamaica, and the large supply of Cuprea kind received
; from South America. As regards the imports of East India
sorts alone, the quantity received a few years since was
small and medium, 4s. 9d. seeds, 3s. to 6s. insignificant ; in 1879 it amounted to 2,000 packages, and
; during the past year to over 20,000, or more correctly speak-

Chiretta, 2 bales out at Is. Qd.

Cuttlefish, 40 cases bold Bombay sold at M.

Dragons' blood, 5 cases sold up to 87. 5s.
Ergot of rye, taken out : Spanish, Is. 5(7. to Is. Qd.

ussian, lOd. to lid.

China galls— 18 cases common sold at 70s. Turkey ditto,
;

lue, 60s. to 65s. white, 40s. to 50s. green, 50s. ; mixed,
; ;

12*. to 44*.

Gamboge, 2 cases sold at 117. 15*. to 151.

Guaza, 30 bales sold at Qd.

—Gums. Acroides, 30 bags sold at 36s. Ammoniacum, out

it 55s. to 75*. Arabic— E.I., 32*. ; chips, 25s. pickings and
;

— —

THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

Lng 2,000,000 lbs., besides which over 1 000,000 lbs. have been medium to bold, good coat and pinky break, round or flat,

shipped direct, to Italy and the United States. Of the total 2s. 9<Z. to 3*. Gd. ditto, smaller, part spongy, &c, 1*. lOd. to
;

quantity of medicinal bark imported, about 00 per cent, is —2*. Gd. Canton, medium to bold, good break and coat. Is. Gd.

turned into quinine or other similar products. Notwith- to 1*. 9d. • high-dried, 1*. 2d. to 1*. 3d. Fenugreek Seeds.

standing the increased supply of bark the price of quinine —Mogadore. Good clean are selling at 14*., being 5*. dearer.

is actually higher to-day than it stood in 1872, viz., 8*. Gd. Senna. Alexandrian, in sympathy with Egyptian produce, has
advanced, first picked now selling at llrf to 1*. Carnauba,
as cciiirar* d with 8s.. but of course during this period con-
—Wax. There has been a good demand for this article on
siderable fluctuations have occurred. In ccnnecion with this

article an important change has taken place in the terms of continental account, and a large portion of our stocks have

sale, viz., ihe allowances of draft, dust, tret, and discount, been purchased for shipment thence prices in consequence
;
equal 1o about 10 per cent., have been abolished— the article
are 20*. higher, and what little remains here is held for 65*.
now being sold net. The undermentioned articles have had a downward ten-

Before going through the various changes in value of the —dency, and generally close at their worst. Aloes. Bar-

more important articles, we would mention separately the badoes.— (Curacoa kind.)— Although there has been a total

speculative spurt which occurred during the first ten daysof cessation of supply of the genuine Barbadoes aloe in

November, in what is now termed hop substitutes, and about gourds, yet the finer sorts of Curacoa (which during the

which so much has been wriiten in the Times and elsewhere. pqst t hree years have been sold instead) have not maintained
As to their vhtue as substitutes we have nothing to do, but last year's rates, being in large supply. Good bright liver are

—sini])!}' to report the changes in value, which have been as now obtainable at 51. 10*. to 6/., or 20*. below January rates.

follows : Qualities below 75*. have maintained their value. Tonquin

I owtst HiRbest PrescDt —Beans. Heavy arrivals have had a depressing influence in
( c ummtr) November
.Tnniiarv £ ». d. — —the sale of this article, which has declined Is. during the
& ». d. £ .«. d.
£ .«. d. 6 5 o per cwt. year. Para. Good, part foxy, 2s. 9d. Cardamoms. The
35o io 10 0
Camomiles (first white) 3 5 0 0 2 0 „ lh.
0 0 3) 036
Clieretta 009 0 16 0 4 15 0 2 6 U „ cwt. deliveries for past year are rather in excess of those
3 14 0 „
Colombo root .. ..176 1 80 3 15 0 6 0 0 „ ton of the previous year, but our stock still continues
35 0 0
Guinea grains .. ..2 0 0 6 00

Quassia wood .. .. (i o 0 heavy, and prices have further declined 1*. Gd.

The following articles have seen a wide range in value to 2s. We quote— Malabar, fair to good, small plump

—during the past year:— Aloes. Cape.—In January good —heavy chipped, 6*. to 6*. Od. Mangalore, ditto, ditto, pale

hard bright sold at 48*., from which point prices gradually bleached, 6*. to 7* ; other sorts in proportion. Camphor.
With increasing stocks prices have gradually given way ; in
rose, in consequence of falling off in supplies, until 87*. Gd.
was paid in June, the stock being virtually exhausted, and January China was quoted 85*., whereas present spot price

large quantities of black Curacoa were sold in place at. 60*. is 70*. Ergot of Bye.— There has been no speculative
interest manifested in this article, and this, combined with
to 70*. During the farly autumn new and large arrivals
the heavy supplv of Russian, together with the moderate
took place, bringing prices back even below those ruling at crop of Spanish, have caused a heavy fall, amounting for the

the opening, viz, to 46*. Cubebs.— At the commencement of —year to Id. on Spanish and 0d. on Russian. There are sellers

the year the price quoted was 11Z., but on sales in January of bold new Spanish at 1*. 3d. Gun Benjamin. Palambang

it receded to 7/. 15.?.: being without fresh arrivals, holders has declined 20*. for qualities below 51., good medium fairly
packed thirds being obtainable at 60s. to 65*. The finer
again advanced their ideas to 101., from May to August gum has maintained its value, being taken to supply
\U. 10*. was the ruling figure, when an American demand,
the deficiency of Sumatra. Gum Traqacanth.—Daring the
in consequence of higher quotations coming from the States,
first six months of the year this article was forced for sale
sent the price up to 15/., which was paid in October forced
; at the fortnightly drug auctions, which resulted in a decline

sales have since been made, the last public sale price of 51. on fine sorts, and 30*. to 60*. on medium ditto ; with

averaging 71. 7*. G/f. Balsam. Peru opened at 13*. 6c/., a better demand in the early autumn, partly for the finer
gum for America, prices recovered 15*. to 20s. per cwt.
touched It!*. Gd. in March, and closes at 13*.

Amongst those articles which have advanced and close at

about their best are the following -.—Bark.— Cascarilla.— —quotations are : Syrian, firsts, 12/. to 13/.; seconds, 10/. to

In January good quality was obtainable at 16*. Gd., and for 11/.; fourths to thirds, 4/. to 71. Ipecacuanha. Our
present stock is the largest held in London for many years
some time difficult of sale even at this, which caused a
past, the bulk of which has arrived during the past
cessation of imports. As the new year advanced our six weeks, and is mostly of ordinary quality, in consequence
of which this description has fallen to 1*. to 1*. 3d., whilst
stock gradually became exhausted, and for three months we good and fine root can only be bought at 3d. under January
rates. Fine is now worth 3s. ?d. to 4s. 2d. ; dull woody, 2*. Gd.
were without supply the first small consignment in to 2s. 9d. Castor Oil.— During the autumn this article
; touched the lowest point known for some considerable time
past, viz., fair seconds, 3id. Within the last month, however,
November brought about 26.?., and lately another parcel
there has been a better demand owing to higher prices in
sold up to 36*. Gum Myrrh has been inmoderate

supply, and easily saleable at firmer rates; good Aden

gumsorts are worth 5/. to 5,'. 10.s\, whilst selected

would fetch 8/. or 9/. Jahtp.— The statistical position of

this article is not favourable, nevertheless good quality has

met a fair demand at \d. to 2d. over January rates, sound Calcutta, and tin present quotation is 3}d., this is still %d.
under January price. Essential Oils.—The past has been
—heavy root being saleable at 1,?. Musk. A large portion
another year of depression and low prices for most of these
of the pod musk offered in sale last year wa< of oils, and quotations are generally reduced for the more
important. Aniseed closes Gd. lower, being now worth
old stock in first hands, and very few new" parcels have

been received. The supply of this aiticle seems gradually

diminishing, and notwithstanding the high price "to which 7s. Sd. Cassia is obtainable according to quality at 3*. Gd.
to 3*. I0d., also Gd. lower than in January last. Citronelle
it has now attained (almost equal to gold), the consumption is has had several fluctuations between 2d. and 2§d., but closes

rather on the increase than otherwise ; the advance since

January is about 10*., last sale rates being a* follows: at 2d., the lowest price recorded for the past four years.

Tonquin, pile 1, 75*. to 76*.; pile 2. 45*. to 46*.; pile 3, — —Peppermint. H. G. H. The year opened with sales at

22s. Gd. Yunan, 44*. to 45*. Gd. Cod Liver Oil.—Owing to 13*. Gd., hut towards the summer declined to 11*. 9d., be-

the failure of the Norwegian fisheries last season, the value came active during the autumn, recovered the decline, but

of this oil rose cent, per cent, during the past summer, anl closes easier at 12s. Gd.

this advance has been fairly maintained to the closa pale THE COD-LIVER OIL TRADE 1ST 1882.
;
From Lars Brekke & Co.'s report :
touched 9*. to 9*. 3d., and is now worth 8*. Gd., a'though the In the past year the cod- liver oil trade has been of an
extraordinary character. The quality of the oil was un-
demand is not active at the moment. Newfoundland has usually bad, but as the quantity was very limited, the prices

also participated in the rise. With reference to this im- were very high.
portant advance a large quantity of oil has been made and The " Sondmor " cod fishery, hindered by stormy
imported from Japan, but although offered at half the price
of Norwegian, has been unsaleable. It appears quite unfit weather, commenced very late, and the final result with
regard to the oil production was a complete failure. The
for medicinal purposes, and only valuable as a fish oil.
Jduibarb.—The better kinds of Shensi and Canton roots have

been in limited supply, and risen 3d. to id. ; more than half

Wethe stock here is worth less than 1*. per lb. quote Shensi,

—. . .... . 1 21 1 2

Jacrary 16, 1833.] THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 45

quality of the liver was worse than it has been for years. is therefore difficult to state exactly the quantity of oil pro-
The quantity produced at the said fishing place did duced, but it was estimated at from 2,000 to 3,000 barrels.

not exceed 500 barrels, whilst the quantity produced in 1881 The liver being bad, and containing very slight oil sub-
was 4,000. and in 1880 5,000 barrels. stances, it was difficult to produce a good non-freezing oil.

The " Lofot " fishery commenced in usual time. There The stock of oil in Norway is now almost disposed of, and
the liver was also inferior, but the oil was a litt'e better
than that produced in " Sondmor." The " Lofot " produc- certainly the remainder does not exceed a few hundrei
tion was 1.500 barrels, against 2,700 in 1831, and 3,300 barrels, for which very high prices are demanded.

barrels in 1880. With regard to the approaching reason, it is impossible to
form an idea as to prices quantity, or quality of the oil, as all
The "Finmark" fishery gave last year the largest quan- depends upon whether the fishery again will prove a failure
tity of oil, though again the liver was not so good as that
or not. It is, howjver, certain that the market will open
<if the previous years. All official reports closed early. It with high prices.

The following statement of Stock* of certain Drugs in Londm is front the compilation published bj Mtssrs. Ch%rle\
&Smith Son,.'

Stocks on Djcember 31 ImporJel fro n January 1 to December 31

1882 18 il 1830 1879 1878 18.8 1831 1880 1879 lot 8

Aloes cases 3,173 3,694 3,223 1,423 2,311 3,682 4,212 4,778 2,696 3,491
kegs 3 11 12 6 « 12 3
Aniseed, Star gourds 1 1 1,728
Arrowroot M 725 355 423 658 519 137 489
Ctl6^t3 13 210 430 612 139 1 155 256 758
Bal=am casks 361 646 362 10,579 13 9)3 10.2H1 10,30* 14,367 10,587 11.236
Bark, medicinal 7,672 9,564 12,385 11,391 7,167 6,029 5,58 1 9,014 16,322
boxes and tins 6,412 7,890 9,924 104 918 659 9,055
Berax casks, &c. 76 702 7,3 13 289 4,610 10 267
190 2 36 671 8,554 103.214 2 890 71,190 2.141
Wax, Japan vegetable ca»ks and cases 3,500 923 905 18,351 1,060 2,025 119,338 682 61,899 2,237
Camphor serons, &c. 67,176 47,953 25,110 556 982 852 1,195 988 41,195
Cardamoms . packages 589 427 861 1,742 1,910 2,028 335
C*chineal, Honduras 678 542 999 2,186 177 664 402 660 912
bales and serons 560 1,395 1,830 27 3,819 1,736 11,111 3,397 957
Mexican . casks and cases 1,133 118 8 4,656 12,020 11,254 2,051
Teneriffe 4 7,150 2,818 1,000 231 836 63 457
cakes 29 4,529 5,117 5,193 772 466 3,125 262 2.123 1,139
packages 3,617 4,416 218 231 138 8.19t 633 13,778 4,292
8,922 171 285 11,865 15,417 1,029 389
„ 637 492 61 81 1,318 274
chest3 542 195 4,011 467 223 212 1,018
serons, Sic. 413 555 488 4,952 310 1,097 15,705
591 7,62 i 15,593
„ 9,273 4,20.1 16,715
„

Total 10,277 8,370 4,674 4,758 5,513 12,459 17,243 16,242 16,902 16,992

Coculus Indicus bags, aic. 870 667 887 1 319 1 615 28! 333 197 525 231
packages 1 120 471 5 1" 2 68 ) 3 081 393 793 253
Colombo root j 3 iC *4 1' g3 22 217 237
Cream of tartar tag? 75 76 92 1 170 188 162
Cubebs 95 117 29 2< 330 14 30
chests 296 184 149 14 127 73 180
Dragonsblood cases 129 1 5,399 2,176 26; 13,734
bags 361 [3,619 1,071 98 169 1 721 4 833 10,321
Sails, China and Japan sicks 5tf 906 11 816 9,822
East India 1 4 730 618 873 1,«»}
Turkey and Persian packages 1,536 [
" 7 130 345 $2 HI
Gam- 2 872 414 5 215 6,476
- 1 698 3 701 5,327
Ammoniac .. 252 275 416 473 5 47 41 4 681 2,445
Animi and copal . » 9 790 5,264 1 ill \ 2 5S5 6 103 12 098 3i061 1.370
BArabic, barbary .. 3,513 2 506 1 513 1 276 11 .707 6 439 4|617
tons 2 556 2 336 2,172 2 7^8 5 167 3 081 611
Turkey .. 2,363 3^366 308 1,827 459 3 168 3 801 3 651 1 631 403
tons 1,792 5^091 5^637 2 862 1,873
East India packages 161 336 2 52!) 356 663 2 9 30 3,190
2,079 1 937 3 583 794 311 642 1 560 "7"
Assafcetida .. chests 3 392 3 017 1 176 1 147 2 613 3,085 2^169 37*7
Benjamin .. serons * 4A 1 ,440 4 125 37 301 151
casks and bags 19 30 1 77 12 296 518
Dammer 145 123 19 "7 126 l-^o 1
Galbanum .. bales 1 "t7 oo 167 69 4 350 31 1,504
Gamboge packages 47 28 32 3*i 1 2,572
1 76 37 700 413 15 2" e 171 1,418 95
. casks 454 19 129 118 65 O, 21 220
cases 103 1,136 155 142 1 3 10 622 Li i 6,883
Guaiacum .. tons 229 124 2,034 1,577 1.228 11,158 319 2,283
Kino 5,618 232 216 412 810 329 6,477
Kowrie casks. Sic. 523 3,786 161 28 1,511 4 1,176 14
cases 297 11 11 127 443 91 20 2,570
Myrrh, East India. 3 76 1,612 1,298 12 511 51
Olibanum .. chests, <fcc. 2,031 2,262 1,233 1,981 2,331 2,110 4,272
Sandarach . 1,391 37
Senegal tons 17 2
1.C57 2,635 283
ndigo — bales 8 621
biles, 4ic.
East India 819
Spanisli chests 40
tons
1,507
chests, Sic.
alap . 9,274 8,538 6,922 14,767 10,521 24.297 22,705 11,618 24,951 17,016
Jux vomi 1,20 , 1,401 1,939 757 655 5,151 7,081 6,512 6,018 5,630
.'Us— 179 233 1,024 877 702 697
59 J 222 128 2 53 453 378 292 4 10 301 209
Castor 275 172 227 2,399 6,097 151 2,591
831 1,074 583 1,071 4,269 611 7,435

Palm.. 6?9 9 61 34 3 1,145 619 573 87 89
Cocoanut 9,666 4,5611 7,526 6,321 4,401 29,769 17,819 21,475 31,22) 18,451
Olive..
Aniseed 173 141 824 96 951 1,134 1,0)4 3.418 2,079 2,.383
Cassia 7,751 11,003 7,862 3,282 1 ,606 7.78o 13,461 15,419 9,792 6,169
1,158 1,912 5,709 3.786 2,596
H36 1,743 309 487 2 27.5
124 10f 241 69 41 270 359 63 i 360 620
290 492 305 3tt 381 4"> 76 7
1,978 1,200 197 13')
altpetre 1,674 1,293 1,463 1,633
1,139 1,472

Nitrate Potas3 2,023 1,277 1,690 3.281 3,560 5,850 5,174 7,431 10,731 9.620
288 560 2,037 6,192 9,609 8,014 6,206 3.899 10,241 9,873
Nitrate soda 881 704 1,9 S2 2.121 1,563 2,03)
549 567 915 2.912 4.6 IB 4.110 1,412 1,393
arsaparilla . 2. 5*4 3.275 1,9)2 1,459 1,453 33.432 36,483 21.M01 2,103 37,506
. 31,315 32.5)9 31.307 35,026 4t.:f>3 1,179 1,221 2,111 21,365 3,647
enna . . 2,923 2 45 ' 3,251
1,618 2,356 1,735 90 5 95 24
hellac 51 46 111 111 2' 181

'urmeric

Vermilion

GumThe quantity of Arabic lying at East and West India Docka includes all Descriptions lying ther., formerly returned as all Barbary.

46 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. [January 15, 1883.

Saltpetre : (conl.) Last Month This Month

Bengal, over 6 per J. d. s. d, s. d. d.

IPlcmtjrln ipricc Current. cent per cwt 18 9 to 19 9 18 0 to 18 9

British, refined. . .. „ 25 0 .. 26 0 24 6 26 0

Soda : Bicarbonate . . „ 8 3 .. 86 83 00
„ 45 0 00
Hwds 45 0 ** 0 0

The prices quoted in the following list are those actually obtained in Carbonate :
Minciog Lane for articles sold in bulk. Our Retail Subscribers must
not expect to purchase at these market prices, but they may draw from Soda Ash per deg. 00 0 i 00
them useful conclusions respecting the prices at which articles are
offered by the Wholesale Firms. Soda Crystals . .per cWl. i 00

O0 31

Caustic 90 89 10 0

Hyposulphite .... per cwt. 8 0 86 80 86

Nitrate „ 12 9 00 12 6 00

Zinc Sulphate ,, 12 0 14 0 12 0 •• 13 6
35 0 00
Sugar oe Lead, White „ 26 6 34 0 00

CHEMICALS. Brown „ 26 6 00

ACIDS 1 L.-.ofc Month This Month Verdigris per lb. 0 10 10

*. d. >. d. t. d. s. d. Vermilion, English .. „ 24 00
China
Acetic per lb. 0 3| to 00 0 3J to 00 28 29
05 09 05 . 09 DRUGS.
pure , 08 .. 0 9>
36 ..
glacial .... „ 00 .. 36 08 .. 0 94 Aloeb, Hepatic per cwt. 80 0 145 0 65 0 140 D
.. 0 61 .. 36
Benzoic Sublimate „ 1 10A .. 00 36 .. 0 f; Socotrine ,, 120 0 200 0 60 0 210 0
3 2" .. 3 10 .. 00 47 0
Ex Gum. .. per oz. 46 .. 76 00 Cape, good ... . . „ 44 0 40 0 46 0 480 0
03 .. 00
Citric 06 .. 00 1 11 Inferior ,, 32 0 150 0 30 0 42 6
0 (| .. 01 120 0
Gallic 3 2 .. 39 Barbadoes .... „ 60 0 115 0 60 0 145 0

Hydrochloric per cwt. 4 6 .. 76 Curacoa „ 48 0 50 0 .. 130 0
0 31
Nitric per lb. 0 3 .. 00 Ambehgris, grey per oz. 90 0 95 0 •• 115 0
01
Oxalic „ 0 6 .. 70 BALSAM—
Sulphuric „
H0 .. Canada per lb. 2 3 .. 2 4

Salicylic „ 6 9 .. 9 6 6 9 .. Capivi „ 2 0 •• 2
„
Tannic „ 1 4 .. 2 8 1 2J .. 27 Peru 12 0 13 0
1 10 .. 0n ,
Tartaric, English. . „ 1 9 .. 00 Tolu 21 23
00
foreign . . „ H1 .. 1 84 .. 1 8} BARKS—

Antimony, crude per cwt. 25 9 26 0 25 6" 26 0 Canella alba per cwt. 25 0 30 0 25 0 27 6
.. 35 0 36 0

star 64 0 .. 0 iO 41 0 .. 43 0 Cascarilla „ 35 0 36 6
24 6 .. 00
Aksenic, lump „ 10 6 .. 00 24 3 .. 24 Cinchona—
powder „ 6 10}
6 *i .. 96 10 6 .. 0 b Peru, gray.. per lb. 09 1 1" 0 10 20
Brimstone, rough .. .. „ 89 . 12 6 Calisaya, flat 1 10 30
70 . 80 ,, 1 10 31
roll 10 0 ..
8 9 .. 10 UA .. quill 36 56 37 5s
2 10
flour , 90 12 0 Carthagena „0 43 06 11

Glycerine, German Columbian „0 4 09 40
Cuprea 0
refined „ 75 0 .. 90 0 75 0 .. 95 0 3 06 25
„ 40 0 .. 45 0 45 0 .. 0 0 3
crude brown per lb. New Granada ,, 1 0 10 56
Iodoform 8 9 .. 9 0 8 9 .. 9 0 Pitayo & Ma racaibo . . 0
„ 2 0 06 2 2-
Red „ 0
Iodine, dry per oz. 0 4 .. 0 0 0 4 .. 0 0 6 20 90
00
resublimed .. ,, 0 6 .. 00 06 .. 00 East India, crown.... „ 4 75 0 10 73
16 0 10 .. 14 13
Magnesia, calcined .. per lb. 1 0 .. 00 60 .. 00 „ red „ 00 06 40
00 117 6 .. 00 26
Hwds 6 0 .. Buchu Leaves ,, 40 02 1 9>
175 0
Mercury perbott. 117 6 .. Camphor, China per cwt. 85 0 70 0 00
00
Precipitate, red per lb. 2 11 00 2 11 .. 00 Japan „ 280 0 72 0 00
.. „ 2 10 00 2 10 .. 00 12
— white 00 .. 00 00 .. 00 Refin.Eng... per lb. 1 24 0 0-
„ 12 6 .. 00 12 6 .. 00 13
Prussian Blue .. Tablets , 2 0 •• 00
Santonins Cantharides, China . .
„ 2&

Salicine „ 10 0 .. 0 0 10 0 .. 0 0 „ Bussian „ 39 00
„ 21 6 .. 0 0 21 6 .. 0 0 Camomile Flowers ..per cwt. 90 0
Thymol 75 0 150 0
SALTS—
Castoreum per lb. 22 0 30 0 36 0-

Alum per ton 122 6 .. 0 0 122 6 .. 0 0 Chiretta „2 09 16
powder , 135 0 .. 0 0 127 6 .. 130 0
Dragon's Blood, lp. . . per cwt. 220 65 0 280 0

Ammonia Ergot of Rye per lb. 0 11 1 1 •• 1 3

Carbonate per lb. 0 61 .. 0 0 0 61 .. b 6J FRUITS AND SEEDS (see also

Hydrochlorate, crude, 600 0 . 760 0 0 Seeds and Spices)
410 0 .. 420 0 0
wliite per ton 6 .. 96 0 600 0 .. 760 Anise, China Star.. ..per cwt. 95 0 105 0 95 0 100 0
87 0 .. 85 0 395 0 .. 410 0 25 0 28 0
Sulphate „ 70 0 .. 42 ,0 .. 97 0 Bussian , 20 0 30 0 49
38 0 .. 5 3 90 0 .. 80 0 Beans, Tonqnin 50 10 0 26
Argol, Cape per cwt. 0 .. 63 0 70 0 .. 50 0 per lb. 69
5 7 .. 0 0 40 0 .. 0 0 49 46
Red „ 59 5 .. 4 7 .. 63 7 Cardamoms, Malabar, 40
6 .. 6 0 53 .. 0 0 40 50
Oporto, red .... „ 3 69 0 .. 4 good „ 60 6 6 20 40
4 5 6 30 31
Bleaching powder .... „ 6 26 .. 6 inferior 36 6 0 40
45 4 6 11 0 60
Borax, British refined . . „ 56 Aleppy .... „ 40 3 6 0g
Madras .... „ 26 6 0 145 0 11 6
Calomel per lb. 13 0 32 0' 10
3 13 0
Chloral hydrate „ Ceylon „ 26 1 0 10 0 150 0
0 80
Liebreich's .... „ Malabar sorts . . ,, 26 240 0- 80 36 0
Copper 36 13 0 15 0
Cocculus Indicus ....per cwt. 11 0 15 6 16 0 11 6
10 0 7g 12 0
Sulphate per cwt. 22 0 00 20 6 .. 22 9 Colocjnth, apple .... per lb. 0 10 13 0 50 0 13
0 .. 0 0 50 0 . 55 0 12 0 95 0 16 1
Copperas, green _. . . . per ton 65 0 .. 0 0 .. 2 0 Cubehs per cwt. 210 0 14 0 40 0
0 .. 132 0 1 11 .. 140 0 29 30 0 32 0
Corrosive Sublimate .. per lb. 2 0 .. 0 >0 135 0 .. 120 0 Cummin „ 30 0 26 15 6
0 .. 6 0 115 0 .. 6 0 20 83 0
Cream Tartar, French., per cwt. 131 0 .. 5 .0 .. 5 0 Fenugreek „ 14 0 20
0 .. 0 0 40 .. 0 0 06 00
brown .. „ 110 0 .. 0 0 40 .. 0 0 Juniper Berries .... „ 10 0 26
4 3 .. 7 6 40 0 .. 7 6 Nux Vomica 60 76 45 0
Epsom Salts „ 3 .. 2 4 72 0 .. 2 4 „ 22 37 0
73 0 10
Glauber Salts.. , 4 6 .. 0 0 23 .. 0 0 Tamarinds, E. India „ 80 09 42
Magnesia : Carbonate 40 West India 11 6 00 4S
06 16 50
Pond, Hwds „ 72 Vanilla, large per lb. 20 0 25 0 49
16 0 40
Morphi.T Murias „7 inferior „ 14 0 18 0 40 10 3
90 0 45 0 26
Phosphorus per lb. 2 FLOWERS—Dalmatian. . „ 39 0 46 0 10
30 0 00 40 0 0 94
Potash : Caucasian ,, 45 0 00
Honey, Chili 29 40 0 1s 18
Bichromate „0 per cwt. 20 0 3| 45 0
20 4 0 31 25 0
Carbonate Jamaica „ 06 60 50
Ipecacuanha per lb. 26 4 76 0
Potashes. Canada, 70 6 70 u
22 4 50 0
1st sort per cwt. 33 0 .. 00 35 0 .. 40 0 Isinglass, Brazil „ 0 10
0 94 4 00
Pearlashes, Canada, Tongue sort , 10
East India 40 n
1st sort „ 50 0 .. 61 0 60 6 .. 51 0 West India „ 40 0 2
Chlorate per lb. 0 5J .. 0 «8 00 „ 1
Pni6siate 0 10 .. 00 0 54 .. 0 10 0
„ 20 0 *i •• Russ. leaf „ 0
red „ 1 11 .. 00 1 8 .. 1 10
Sulphate per cwt. 11 0 .. 11 0 .. „ Sim 0via .. „ 1
00 Jalap, good
„ 0
0
Potasslnm : infer, and stems „ 5
Bromide LemonJ Juice 78
Chloride per lb. 1 7 .. 00 17 .. 00 perdeg. 70 0
Iodide per cwt. 9 0 .. 0. 0 90 .. 00 50 0
6 0 .. 00 56 .. 00 Lime Juice per gall.
Quinine per lb.
Liquorice, Spanish .... per cwt.

Liquorice Root .... „
MannA, flaky
Sulphate, British, in per lb.

bottles per oz. 8 6 .. 0 o 9 .. 8 0 Musk, Tonquin pod . . per oz.
8 O .. 0 0
Sulphate, French .... „ 86 .. 00 Grain „
76 .. 00 6 a .. 7 0
Sulphate, German .. „ 0 8? .. 00 Yunan pod .... „
0 8J .. 0 0
Sal Acetos per lb. 44 0 .. 46 0 OILS (tee also separate list)

Sal Ammoniac, British per cwt. 44 0 .. 46 0 Almond, expressed .. per lb. 00

Saltpetre Castor, 1st pale „ 04
second „ 0 34
. BengaL.6 per cent. 90
Cod-hver per gall,
or under , ,, 20 3 .. 90 e 19 0 0 "J 0.