MODUL BAHASA INGGERIS SPM 2020 SET A

hand (something) To give (usually The thieves asked us to hand over all our
over unwillingly) belongings.
The landlord requested us to hand over the
keys to the apartment.

hang in To stay strong When my friend was diagnosed with cancer,
and positive all I could say to him was, “Don’t lose hope.
Hang in there.”
Don’t lose heart, hang in there!

hang on To wait for a short Hang on, let me get ready and then we can

time leave.
Hang on, I’m coming too!

hang out To spend time My friends and I generally hang out at malls.
relaxing or chilling Let’s hang out at the bar after work tonight.
out

hang up To end a phone When I get angry with someone on the
call phone, I simply hang up.
I did not wish to talk anymore so I hang up.
Hold To prevent from
(someone/something) doing/going If you have a complaint, don’t hold back;
back you cannot fix the problem if you do not
voice it.
You must hold him back from committing
such a dangerous stunt.

hold (something) To hide an He was a great athlete, but he was held
back emotion/to be back from succeeding by his parents, who
stopped by wanted him to study instead.
something or He held back his tears even though he was
someone distraught.

hold on To wait for a short She asked the taxi driver to hold on while
time she located her wallet.
He has asked you to hold on to his book
until he returns.

keep on (doing continue doing He asked them to keep on working while he
something) looked around.
The musicians kept on playing even though
it was raining.

keep (something) To not tell/not Why do you keep secrets from me?

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from (someone) do/to keep a You have a wonderful voice so you must not
secret keep from singing.

Keep To stop someone The insects must be kept out at all costs.
(someone/something) or something from The gate has been installed to keep out
out entering at a stray dogs.
place

keep (something) up To continue at the Keep up the good work!

same rate Keep up this speed for the rest of the

journey and we will reach on time.

let (someone) down To disappoint You can rely on her; she will never let you
someone down.
You have let me down with this
disappointing performance.

let (someone) in To permit to enter Please lock the door and do not let anybody
in.
Yes, he is a guest so please let him in.

look after To take care of Nurses are supposed to look after patients.
I need you to look after my dog while I’m
(someone/something)
away.

look down To belittle / to She always looks down on her staff and
on (someone) consider treats them badly.
someone inferior A lot of people look down on them because
to oneself they are poor.

look for To try to find Do you want to look for the pen we lost
yesterday?
(someone/something) Let us look for the ball in the garage.

look forward to To be excited Are you looking forward to tonight’s football
(something) about some future match?
plan, etc. I am really looking forward to the weekend!

look into (something) To investigate We are going to look into the price of cars
today.
They need to look into the matter carefully
in order to avoid a lawsuit.

look out To be careful Don’t forget to look out for mosquitoes in
the swamp.
Look out for speeding buses on the
highway.

look out for To be extra The guide told them to look out for

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(someone/something) careful or vigilant pickpockets in the marketplace.
Look out for hurricane alerts on the island
at this time of the year.

look (something) over To check/examine Give the document a look over for errors.
The teacher wants the student to look over
his answers once again.

look up to (someone) To respect I look up to my sister because she is a
someone wonderful human being.
immensely I look up to my coach because he was a
great sportsman.

make (something) up To lie about When asked why I hadn’t done my
something homework, I made up a story about having
done it but forgotten that that day was the
day of submission.
You must stop making up stories because
we know you are lying.

make up To forgive each He returned my money very late, but tried to
other make up for it by treating me to lunch.
He is taking her out to dinner to make up for
being at work on their anniversary.

make (someone) up To apply She was so nervous she almost went on
cosmetics stage without any make up.
That actor uses a lot of make up before
shooting a scene.

mix (something) up To get confused We got through most of the show without
pass away any mix ups, but right at the end the lead
pass out To die actor forgot one of his lines.
To lose The experienced striker pounced on a
consciousness defensive mix-up to fire home into an open
goal.

I took two weeks off work because my
grandfather passed away.
Our dog had been ill for a few months and
passed away last night.

It was so hot in the examination hall that one
of the students passed out for a couple of
minutes.
He walking in the sun and passed out due
to the heat.

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pay (someone) back To return the There should be no money issues between
pay for (something) owed money friends, so when I lend money to my friends I
tell them they can pay back whenever it is
To be punished convenient for them.
for doing You can borrow money now but you must
something bad pay back within a week.

It is my policy to pay for everything when I
am out on a date.
The police swore that the terrorist would pay
for destroying the building.

pick (something) out To choose I always let my mother pick out my clothes,
because she has excellent taste.
Point To point or The concierge at the hotel helped us pick
(someone/something) indicate using out a nice restaurant.
out your finger
I tried to give the tourists directions orally,
put (something) off To postpone but they couldn’t understand me, so I
pointed out the turning they were supposed
to take.
I have asked the professor to point out all
the mistakes in my assignment.

I was very tired that day, so I put off the
meeting till after the weekend.
The boss has asked us to put off our lunch
plan to a later hour.

put (something) To assemble We had to put together the presentation in
together 2 days.
The different parts have been provided in
put up with To bear or order to put together this mountain bike.
(someone/something) tolerate
something or My roommate told me to move out, saying, “I
someone can’t put up with your irresponsible ways
anymore!”
The company is not going to put up with
inappropriate behaviour at the workplace.

put (something) on To wear a I did not need to put on the t-shirt to know it
dress/accessories was too big for me.
on your body Pick out a dress, put it on, and decide
whether you like it or not.

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run into To meet someone I ran into an old friend from college the other
(someone/something) unexpectedly day.
It was a pleasant surprise when I ran into
him at the mall the other day.

run over To drive a vehicle Your toy is broken because I ran over it with
(someone/something) over a person or my car.
thing The truck accidentally ran over a cat on the
highway.

run away To leave The bride had run away with someone else
unexpectedly/ to on the wedding day.
escape The children made a plan to run away from
home to join the circus.”

run out To have nothing They ran out of sandwiches at the cafe.
left of something She couldn’t make tea as they had run out

of milk.

send (something) To return I sent back the steak because it raw.
back This product is not what we had ordered and
we are going to send it back.

set (something) up To They want to set up a lemonade stall at the
arrange/organize fair.
The government needs to set up a
commission for the riot victims.

set (someone) up To trick/trap The hunter set the lion up for the trap but it
someone or escaped.
something The people at the bank were part of a set up
by the police to catch the criminal.

show off To act boastfully He wants to show off his house by
sleep over when people illuminating it.
watch Most people simply love to show off their
wealth in front of their friends.

To stay somewhere Jack is planning a sleepover at his place on
out of home, for the
night his birthday.
He slept over at his friend’s place last night.

sort (something) out To organise / to You may want the lawyers to sort the issue
resolve a situation out.

We need to sort out these cards and
arrange them according to size.

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stick to (something) To continue doing You will not lose weight if you do not stick to
something the diet.
Most people do not stick to the same job for
a long period.

switch (something) To turn off Could you switch the light off please?
off Please switch off the television before going
to bed.

switch (something) To turn on He switched the machine on again and it
on stopped making a noise.
Grandmother wants you to switch on the
radio for her.

take (something) back To return I need to take my money back from him.
something He can keep my bag for now but I’m going to
take it back tomorrow.”

take off To start flying I feel that the most thrilling part of any plane
journey is when it takes off.
The plane finally took off after taxiing for
twenty minutes.

take (something) off To remove I was about to take off my clothes when I
something realised there was someone else in the
(usually items of room.
clothing) I want you to take this off the list and
include that instead.

take (something) out To remove from a She took out some money from the safe.

place Please take out the garbage after dinner.

take (someone) out To take someone My girlfriend was very depressed because
out with yourself she had lost her job so I took her out for
and also to pay dinner.
for them On the last day of college the professor took
the students out for lunch.

tear (something) up To rip something My boss simply tears up the articles he
into pieces doesn’t like.

The cat tore up the newspaper.

think back To recall or Whenever I think back to my school days,
remember tears of nostalgia come to my eyes.
Think back to the time when we were at the
beach.

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think (something) over To You must think this job offer over before
consider taking a decision.

throw (something) away To trash This is my proposal, think it over and let
something me know.
or to
dispose of I like that bag, please do not throw it away.
These dirty clothes need to be thrown
away.

turn (something) To decrease the I want to turn down the volume.
down volume The old man has asked me to turn down the
volume.
turn (something) To refuse
down He asked her to marry him but she turned
him down.
He turned down the offer from ABC
Corporation.

turn (something) off To switch off He turned off the lights before going to bed.
Please turn off the fans when you leave.

turn (something) on To switch on She forgot to turn on the charger so her cell
try (something) out stayed off.
use (something) up He asked her to turn on the coffee machine.

To test Do you want to try out this new shampoo?
Most people refrain from trying out a new
cuisine.

To use something I get very tensed when my friends come over
entirely or to finish because they use up all my supplies.
all I cannot print this page because all the ink in
the printer has been used up.

wake up To stop sleeping I generally wake up at about 7 in the
morning.
You need to wake up early in the morning
for karate practice.

warm up To prepare the It is a good idea to warm up before
body for exercise engaging in strenuous physical activity.
It is essential to warm up a little before
swimming.

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wear out To diminish in The difference between superior and inferior
work out quality because of products is that the latter wear out much
work out frequent use more quickly.
The sole of this old shoe has worn out.

To exercise My lifestyle has gotten so sedentary since I
joined the office that I have signed up for
To be successful daily work outs at the gym.
with something Only a few people take gym memberships to
actually work out.

I really hope that things work out for you.
This job will work out only if I can get my
own office.

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TABLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Verb Past Tense Past Participle Present Participle
arisen arising
1 arise arose borne bearing
2 bear bore beaten beating
3 beat beat begun beginning
bound binding
4 begin began bitten biting
5 bind bound bled bleeding
6 bite bit blown blowing
7 bleed bled broken breaking
brought bringing
8 blow blew broadcast broadcasting
9 break broke clung clinging
10 bring brought cost costing
11 broadcast broadcast crept creeping
cut cutting
12 cling clung dealt dealing
13 cost cost done doing
14 creep crept dreamed/dreamt dreaming
drunk drinking
15 cut cut driven driving
16 deal dealt fallen falling
17 do did fed feeding
18 dream dreamed/dreamt
19 drink drank

20 drive drove
21 fall fell
22 feed fed

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23 feel felt felt feeling
found finding
24 find found flown flying
forbidden forbidding
25 fly flew forgotten forgetting
frozen freezing
26 forbid forbade given giving
gone going
27 forget forgot ground grinding
heard hearing
28 freeze froze hidden hiding
held holding
29 give gave known knowing
laid laying
30 go went led leading
left leaving
31 grind ground lent lending
let letting
32 hear heard lain laying
lied lying
33 hide hid meant meaning
mistaken mistaking
34 hold held mowed/mown mowing
outgrown outgrowing
35 know knew overslept oversleeping
panicked panicking
36 lay laid paid paying

37 lead led 109

38 leave left

39 lend lent

40 let let

41 lie (lie down) lay

42 lie (tell a lie) lied

43 mean meant

44 mistake mistook

45 mow mowed

46 outgrow outgrew

47 oversleep overslept

48 panic panicked

49 pay paid

50 picnic picnicked picnicked picnicking
51 quit quit quit quitting
52 read read read reading
53 ride rode ridden riding
54 ring rang rung ringing
55 rise rose risen rising
56 run ran run running
57 see saw seen seeing
58 seek sought sought seeking
59 sell sold sold selling
60 sew sewed sewn sewing
61 shake shook shaken shaking
62 shed shed shed shedding
63 shine shone shone shinning
64 shrink shrank shrunk shrinking
65 shut shut shut shutting
66 sing sang sung singing
67 slide slid slid sliding
68 sling slung slung slinging
69 smell smelt smelt smelling
70 speak spoke spoken speaking
71 speed sped/speeded sped/speeded speeding
72 spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spelling
73 spend spent spent spending
74 spin spun spun spinning
75 spoil spoilt spoilt spoiling
76 spring sprang sprung springing

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77 stand stood stood standing
78 steal stole stolen stealing
79 stick stuck stuck sticking
80 stink stank stunk stinking
81 strike struck struck striking
82 swear swore sworn swearing
83 swell swelled swollen swelling
84 swim swam swum swimming
85 swing swung swung swinging
86 take took taken taking
87 teach taught taught teaching
88 tear tore torn tearing
89 tell told told telling
90 think thought thought thinking
91 throw threw thrown throwing
92 tie tied tied tying
93 tread trod trodden treading
94 upset upset upset upsetting
95 wake woke woken waking
96 wear wore worn wearing
97 weave weaved woven weaving
98 weep wept wept weeping
99 zip zipped zipped zipping

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Useful Words and Phrases For Essay Writing
Certain words are used to link ideas and to signpost the reader the direction your line of
reasoning is about to take, such as adding more emphasis, or introducing an alternative point
of view.

Below is a selection of words used to link ideas, depending on the direction of your argument.
a) Adding more to a point already made

moreover; furthermore; again; further; what is more; in addition, besides; above all; as
well (as)
either; neither…nor; not only…but also; similarly; correspondingly; in the same way;
indeed in fact; really; in reality, it is found that… as for; as to; with respect to; regarding

b) Writing in lists
first(ly); second(ly); third(ly)
another; yet another; in addition; finally to begin with; in the second place moreover;
additionally; also next; then; and to conclude; lastly; finally

c) Putting the same idea in a different way
in other words; rather; or; better; in that case to put it (more) simply
in view of this; with this in mind to look at this another way

d) Introducing examples
that is to say; in other words
for example; for instance; namely; an example of this is
and; as follows; as in the following examples; such as; including especially; particularly; in
particular; notably; chiefly; mainly; mostly

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e) Introducing an alternative viewpoint
by contrast; another way of viewing this is; alternatively; again; rather; one alternative
is; another possibility is
on the one hand…on the other hand
conversely; in comparison; on the contrary; in fact; though; although

f) Returning to emphasise your earlier viewpoint
however; nonetheless; in the final analysis; despite x; notwithstanding x; in spite
of x while x may be true, nonetheless
although; though; after all; at the same time; on the other hand; all the same; even if x
is true; although x may have a good point

g) Showing the results of something
therefore; accordingly; as a result so, (then,) it can be seen that
the result is; the consequence is resulting from this; consequently; now we can see,
then, that; it is evident that
because of this; thus; hence; for this reason; owing to x; this suggests that; it
follows that in other words; otherwise; in that case; that implies

h) Summing up or concluding
therefore; so, my conclusion is
in short; in conclusion; to conclude; in all; on the whole
to summarise; to sum up briefly; in brief; altogether; overall; thus; thus we can see that

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SOME ENGLISH WORDS THAT DESCRIBE BEHAVIOUR

A
active = always doing something: "She's an active person and never wants to
stay in." aggressive = being angry or threatening: "He's aggressive and starts
arguments." ambitious = wanting to succeed: "He's ambitious and wants to lead
the company."
argumentative = always arguing with people: "He won't accept what you say - he's
argumentative and loves to disagree!"
arrogant = thinking you are better than anyone else: "He always behaves as if
nobody else's opinion is important - "I find him very arrogant."
assertive = being confident, so people can't force you to do things you don't want to
do: "It's important to be assertive at work."
B
bad-tempered = in a bad mood: "What's got into him lately? He's so bad-tempered."
big-headed = thinking you're very important or clever: "I've never met anyone so big-
headed!"
bossy = telling people what to do all the time: "He's so bossy - he never lets me do
things the way I want to do them."
C
careless = not taking care: "He's a careless driver - "I'm sure he'll have an accident."
caring = wanting to help people: "My boss is caring and often asks me how things are
going."
catty = saying nasty or spiteful things about other people: "I know you don't like her,
but calling her names is a bit catty."

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cautious = being careful, so that you avoid mistakes: "He's cautious about investing
money in the stock market."
charming = pleasant and likeable: "What a charming man!"
cheeky = being rude or disrespectful: "It was a bit cheeky of him to ask for more money."
clever = intelligent: "She's a clever student and picks things up quickly."
conceited = thinking you're very clever, or better than others: "He's so conceited - he
thinks everyone should admire him."
conscientious = doing something carefully, because you want to do it well: "She's a
conscientious student and always does her homework."
considerate = thinking and caring about others: "My neighbour brought me flowers
when I was in hospital - he's very considerate." ("That was considerate of him.")
coy = pretending to be shy so that you don't have to give information: "He's very coy
about his qualifications - maybe he doesn't have any."
creative = someone who can make or design things, or can think of solutions to a
problem: "She's creative and artistic."
curious = wanting to know things: "I'm curious to find out what you think of the situation."
D
deceitful = trying to make people think something, so that you get what you want:
"He lied to get this job - he's so deceitful."
docile = quiet and submissive: "She's a docile child and always does what she's told."
dogmatic = wanting others to accept your ideas without discussion: "He's a dogmatic

politician and always thinks he's right.

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domineering = trying to control other people: "He's loud and domineering in the
office - it's difficult to get him to listen to us."
E
enthusiastic = having a lot of interest in something: "He's an enthusiastic supporter
of equal rights."
excitable = someone who easily gets excited: "He gets very excitable about politics -
it's one of his passions in life."
extroverted = outgoing and lively: "She's extroverted and loves going out with people."
F
faithful = being loyal to someone or something: "She's a faithful friend."
fickle = changing your mind and being unpredictable: "Politicians can be fickle when
it suits them!"
flaky = slightly unstable and unreliable: "She's a little flaky at times, but otherwise
she's a good worker."
full of himself = acting proud of yourself: "He was full of himself after he got the
promotion - it got annoying after a while."
funny = making other people laugh: "He can be extremely funny when he's in the mood."
fussy = only liking certain things: "She's fussy about what she wears."
G
good-natured = kind and thoughtful: "She's good-natured and always tries to help."
grumpy = someone who tends to be in a bad mood: "He's always grumpy in the
morning and never says 'hello'."

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H

happy-go-lucky = not worrying about what might happen in the future: "He's a bit
happy-go- lucky and doesn't think about the future."

I

impulsive = doing things without thinking first: "If he sees something he likes, he just buys it

- he can be so impulsive at times!"

inconsiderate = not considering other people or their feelings: "It was a little
inconsiderate of him not to give you a get-well card."

introverted = opposite of extroverted: "He was introverted as a teenager, but
became more confident as he got older."

inventive = able to think up new ideas: "As head of Marketing, he can often think of
inventive ways to keep his customers happy."

irritating = annoying others: "He can be very irritating to work with."

J

jokey = making jokes: "You're in a jokey mood today, but we've got work to
do!" jolly = happy and cheerful: "It was the weekend and everyone was in a
jolly mood."

K

kind = thoughtful and caring: "My neighbour is kind - she looked after my cat when I
was on holiday."
L

loud-mouthed = someone who talks a lot and often says offensive things: "Don't
worry about what he said - he's loud-mouthed at times."

loyal = someone who is faithful and stands by you: "His colleagues were loyal to him
when he was having problems with his boss."

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M
manic = behaving in a slightly crazy way: "We're a bit manic at the moment -
we're rushing to finish the work before our deadline."

manipulative = trying to get people to do what you want, by influencing or
deceiving them: "She's very manipulative when she wants something."
moody = having unpredictable moods: "Some people think he's moody - you
never know if he's happy or grumpy."

N
nervous = uncomfortable with a situation: "I'm always nervous before an exam."

O
old-fashioned = behaving or thinking in a way that isn't modern: "He's a
bit old- fashioned and thinks women shouldn't work."
opinionated = having strong opinions: "He's opinionated and dogmatic - the last person

P
passive = not assertive - doing what other people want you to do without
arguing: "He's passive at work, but domineering at home."
perfectionnist = someone who wants perfection: "Her boss is a
perfectionnist - no spelling mistakes are allowed."
persuasive = being able to persuade people to do things or to accept your
ideas: "He's a persuasive talker."
picky = only liking certain things or people: "She's picky about her friends."

playful = someone who likes to play and have fun: "You're in a playful mood today!"
pleasant = nice and polite: "The bank manager was pleasant to me today."
polite = showing good manners: "She's polite and never forgets to say 'please' or 'thank
you'."

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pragmatic = being practical and aware of your limitations: "She's pragmatic
at work and only does what she can."
Q
quick-tempered = getting angry quickly: "He was quick-tempered when
he was young, but he's more relaxed now."
R
reserved = keeping your ideas and thoughts to yourself: "He's reserved, but polite."
rude = impolite: "He's very rude and never says 'please' or 'thank you'."

S
scatter-brained / scatty = someone who often forgets things: "Don't you
remember where you put your wallet? You're so scatter-brained!"
serious = not light-hearted: "He's a serious student and always does his homework."
shy = quiet, because you are not very confident: "He's so shy and hates
saying anything to people he doesn't know."
sincere = saying what you believe (opposite of insincere): "He's sincere in his beliefs."
slapdash = doing your work quickly and carelessly: "He's got a very
slapdash attitude - I doubt he'll ever become a lawyer."
slimy = trying to get what you want by being over-friendly: "That man is so
slimy - he makes me feel sick!"
sly = doing things in a secretive way: "You never know what he's up to - he's
sly and manipulative."
spiteful = trying to hurt other people because you didn't get what you wanted: "If

she doesn't get what she wants, she can be quite spiteful."
you want to negotiate with."

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T
thoughtful = someone who thinks a lot: "He's a thoughtful person and won't do anything
unless he has considered the consequences."
thoughtless = not thinking about people or the consequences of your actions: "I'm sure he
didn't mean to be rude - he can be thoughtless at times."
trustworthy = someone you can trust: "My accountant is really trustworthy."

V
volatile quickly changing moods: "He's easily excitable and pretty volatile."
W
witty = being able to
make other
people
laugh by
what you
say: "He's
witty and
charming -
the perfect
person to
invite to a
party.

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Sample Band A

Question 1

If you had the chance to be someone else, who would you choose to be? Explain what
would be good about being that person, and what might be difficult. (SPM 2019)

It is three in the morning and I am wide awake. A million thoughts run through my head but the
most prominent thought was ‘ what would it be like to be somebody else?’ Surely enough, we are all
stuck in our current bodies. We have to make peace with ourselves and accept ourselves for who we are.
However, it is to make millions of people happy. Famously known perfectly normal tp dream a little. It
is fine to want to be somebody else. If I had a chance , I’d be the world famous movie star, Robert
Downey Jr. oh! What a life would that be.

I know it is a cliché to want to be a movie star, let alone one of the highest paid actors in
Hollywood but it is not for the obvious reasons such as money or fame. That is just an added bo- nus.
My reason is that I would have the ability to make millions of people happy. Famously known for
playing the character Tony Stark, he has touched the hearts of every movie fans. On days when life
becomes too much, his character gives people a reason to smile. If I could make at least one person’s
day better, I would jump on that opportunity.

Next, with fame comes influence. It is a package deal. It is not uncommon to see actors misuse
their influence nowadays. Robert Downey Jr however is not one of them. He has used his fame and
glory to give back to the world. If I could be him, I would be helping thousands of peo- ple through my
charity events and donations. Recently, he has talked about funding a project that could potentially
clean up the ocean through the use of high technology. Mahatma Gandhi once said, ;The future
depends on what you do today.’ With what Robert Downey Jr is doing today, he will save the future.

Nevertheless, being a movie star is not always as exciting as it seems. At times, it will feel like
the weight of the world has been put on your shoulders. The pressure to live up to everyone’s
expectations eventually builds up and can lead to mental illness such as anxiety if not dealt with
properly. If I was in Robert Downey Jr shoes, I would crack under pressure and will give up the movie
star’s life in a day but ne is a man that does not give up and therefore neither will I. Eventually,
pressure becomes daily part of the job which is not ideal but will always be a constant.

Lastly, another complicating part of being a movie star is that you will always be in the eye of
the media. Someone is watching your every move. It is tough living in a world where your private life
is no longer private. To make it worse, many tabloids simply cannot blow their own trumpet and feel
obligated to report every action and mistake. Therefore, every wrong doing is magnified and taken out
of context. It can be frustrating to be scrutinized and judged over every decision but every movie star
has to deal with it regardless.

In conclusion, I am not saying Robert Downey Jr.is a perfect man. He is flawed like every human and
makes mistakes once in a blue moon. ‘Gold cannot be pure and people cannot be perfect,’ said a wise man.
What am I saying is that he is a man who tries his best no matter the circumstance. He proved to the world that
you do not have to define by your worst mistake. From being a drug addict that hit rock bottom, he crawled his
way to the top. If I could be someone else, a hardworking, charismatic, witty, humble and influential man
doesn’t seem like a bad choice at all.

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Narrative Writing
A narrative composition can either be a short story or the narration of a particular incident.
You would normally be asked to begin or end your writing with a given sentence. When
writing, first plan out the story. Make sure your story has:

A setting - the place where the story occurs
Characters – the person/people in the story
A plot – the events that happens in the story
Think of the important events that you would like to include in the story and write down the main
points. Try to arrange them in the following way:
Exposition – the beginning of the composition where setting and characters are introduced
Conflict – a problem arises
Climax – the highest point in the composition
Resolution – ending
Give names to the characters in your story and write in the third person or first person point
of view. Rather than merely telling your readers what happens, use adjectives, adverbs, and
verbs to give vivid details of your story.

PLOT CURVE

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Phrases you could use in your essay :

HAPPY
She was as happy as a lark.
He was flushed with delight when he was declared the winner.
She was in seventh heaven when she heard that she had scored the top mark in English. She felt
on top of the world when her children bought her the vacation package to Spain. His face lit up with
the most radiant smile.
Lily was estatic. She finally stopped her joyful jig and looked around. She was grinning from ear to
ear and clearly on cloud nine.
I was utterly relieved and overwhelmed with happiness. A radiant smile coursed through my lips and
I punched the air with delight.I felt jubilant and euphoric and this was truly the luckiest day in my life.

SAD & DESPAIR

He was in the depths of misery.

Tom had a lump in his throat and was blinking away the tears.

They were consumed by bitterness and anguish at the lost of their only son.

She felt her world going to pieces.She found herself at the lowest ebb, having no money or friends.It
was a heartbreaking sight.The overcast sky darkened blocking out the sun’s vibrant ray and my

heart sank deeper.

I cried my heart out. Life seemed to be so meaningless. Everything was not attractive anymore and

hope had vanished from the world. My soul was empty and I felt as if someone had ripped my heart

out and pounded it with hammer.

A sharppain stabbed deep in my heart when it dawned upon me I had caused the break up of

myfamily, all because of my stupid and foolish notion of being upright and truthful.I have now

realized rather be- latedly that being absolutely honest to a fault can only cause anguish,

pain,agony and suffering. What transpired on that fateful day would forever be etched in my

memory.

EMBARRASSED
All eyes were on John.He was so embarrassed that he did not know where to put himself. He
wished that the ground would open up and swallow him.
Peter was burning with humiliation and as red as a beetroot.
The room filled with an awkward silence. They all avoided each other’s eyes. She was abashed to
know they had heard her singing in the bathroom.
Ijmal often blurts out whatever comes into his head. Unfortunately that morning, he had blurted out
the four letter words which caused him to feel like putting his foot in his mouth.
Every time I walk past the ladies’s washroom, my cheeks burn and the most embarrassing incident
flashes vividly, emblazoning my mind.
Her face turned crimson red. She was too embarrassed by the incident that if she could be an emu
she would stuck her head in the ground.

EXCITEMENT
When the hullabalo died down,the teacher continued his lesson. The keyed up fans cheered
boisterously for every point.
She was so wrought up with nervous anticipation that she is unable to think clearly. It was a
wonderful morning. I opened the parcel with anticipation.
“Wow” I shouted with joy. It was my favourite Nike.
I was in utter disbelief and excitement.I could only manage to open my eyes wide and grin from ear
to ear.
The atmosphere in the concert hall was electrifying. Standing backstage, Jinky heard the excited
buzz of the crowd and tried to tame the butterflies in the stomach.

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HARDSHIP
We were poor and our house was mortgaged to the hilt .The my father received by working as
junior clerk would have maintained us modestly had not half of it gone or the support and medical
expenses of ill and destitute relatives.
My mum was a strong woman. “Nothing is impossible “was the maxim that helped her through
the difficult days. She always upheld her principles and never gave up on any baffling
problems.
He recalled how life struck a heavy blow when he was fifteen. His father succumbed to injuries
sustained in an accident. They only had a roof over their heads. His mother’s courage, grit
and steely determination was the driving force that spurred them on during those difficult
times.
We were not born with a silver spoon but that did not give them the right to treat us like dirt.
My mother was an extremely kind and good natured woman who solaced the family by saying that if
one has character one has the better part of wealth. However the cruel world did not share this
outlook. She succeeded in making austerity bearable. By efficient and frugal management of
ourmeagre income, she made our house a happy and beautiful place to live in.

FEAR
A few agonizing moments trickled by. Being all alone a terrible fear gripped my heart.
Fear enveloped me. My heart pounded and my throat was constricted. It was difficult to
breathe.
Peter was scared stiff when the murderer’s face twisted into a hideous smile.
She stood rooted to the ground, her terrified gaze fixed on the dreadful sight.
Every bone in my body froze in terror. I could not get back to sleep. The eerie sounds of the
night- seemed to echo all around me.
Cold sweat trickled down my forehead. It was getting harder to breathe. A lump formed in my
throat. I tried my best to gulp it down. I opened my eyes as wide as I could in the darkness.

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Sample Essay 1: Opening –
End your essay with, ‘….and that is the saddest moment in my life.’ Opinion Technique

Everyone would have gone through sad moments in their life. It
differs from one person to another on how we manage to express our
feelings. Some might share their feeling with others and some might
just keep to themselves. One thing for sure everyone would feel
miserable when sad episodes strike them. Me? All I could do is cry. I
will also find ways to forget the things that had happened.

Life is a gift and love is a joy. However all those are luxuries that Exposition
had been robbed from me. Death had taken all those away. It Note the
happened on a normal Friday. setting and

characters

Just like any other Friday, I went to school as usual. However on

that fateful Friday, I was quite late. My mother was late to send me to
school. I noticed something was amiss on mother’s face but I decided
to keep quiet about it. I asked myself why my mother’s face pale, why

did she give a bunch of advises on ways to live independently. I kept

questioning myself but still there were no an- swers to my questions.

As usual, when I wanted to leave the car, I kissed mum’s hand. I
really did know why on that day she cried when I said my usual
“Goodbye Mum”. She even stroked my hair lovingly while she smiled to
me. It felt weird. I felt as if something was about to hap- pen. My feet
felt very heavy to leave her. I felt very lazy to go to school but mum
reminded me, I was late. Without any objection, I went into the school
compound. Mother managed to shout, “Nana, study hard. Take care.
Love you.” I never really thought the depth of the words at that moment
but now years later, I do. I will never forget those magical words. They
are so meaningful to me.

That day at school, my friends kept asking me why I was acting weird.
Normally I was fun, jovial, funny and loud but somehow that day, I
became a quiet person. I could not even focus on my studies.

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“Kring…” the bell rang and it was time to pack our Rising action
bags and go home. It was 6.30 in the evening. Usually a Building the interest
green car with the plate number BFK 6886 would be Increasing complications
ready in front of the school gate. However, on that day,
there was no green car. I was worried but I tried to think Climax
on the bright side and be positive. Mother might have Point of greatest suspense
gone to the market for groceries and fruits. So, I waited Falling action
at the bus stop in front of the school. I waited and waited
and every five minutes or so I would look at the time. Event that wrap up the
After about 30 minutes, I started to worry and was story
almost on the verge of tears. Mother would never be this
late. Resolution

Suddenly, I heard my name being called by my The conflict is resolved
friend, Amira. She was my best friend and our mothers and reflection is made.
knew each other well. I turned to look at her and was
greeted by her red puffy eyes. She started crying
uncontrollably and could hardly talk. I was puzzled by
her reaction but there was nothing I could do. We sat at
the bus stop and she told me the story.

Mother was admitted into a hospital a few hours after
sending me to school. The fibroid in her womb was
getting worse. Mother had a terrible ache in her
abdominal area. After consulting a doc- tor, she was
advised to have an operation. She agreed to it. So did
my brother, grandfather and aunties. Everybody loves
her but God loves her more. A complication took place
during the operation and she could not be saved.

She passed away. There was nothing I could do but
cry when I heard the news. I felt like I was not stepping
on firm ground. I even hoped that it was all a dream but
unfortunately it was not. I really did not know what to do
because I was so sad. I have lost the one person whom I
love the most. The one who had been there through all
my ups and downs.

No longer will I feel her soft touch, her warm hugs
and most of all the depths of her love. No wonder she
was acting very weirdly that fateful Friday. I had been
shaken really bad and it took me quite some time to be
back on my feet. Now, I know how much I truly love her.
I finally realized it is actually not a matter of letting go of
the past or forgetting but a matter of accepting and
moving on.
And that is the saddest moment in my life.

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Sample Essay 2:

THE DAY I LOST MY TEMPER Exposition

Ring. .... ”, the shrill ringing of the school bell Note the
pierced the air, bringing to an end the silence that reigned the class for setting and
the past forty minutes. As the stalwart figure of the Mathematics teacher characters
stepped out of the class, there was a sense of relief for Mr. Siva was a
strict disciplinarian who would not tolerate any of our pranks.

There were squeals and peals of laughter amidst the din of Rising action
conversation. It was at this moment that Seng Chye bustled to the front of Building the
the class. Easily the most de- testable boy in the class, Seng Chye was an interest
incorrigible prankster whose impish behaviour was a source of
irritation and annoyance to most of us, especially the girls. As his
diminutive figure inched his way to where I was seat- ed, he had the
familiar mischievous grin which revealed a set of yellowish protruding
teeth. As he approached, he was grinning from ear to ear. Then, in a
twinkle of an eye, he put something on my desk. As he bolted out of the
class- room, I could hear hysterical screams. Perplexed as I was to the
cause of this sudden flurry of excitement, I knew that Seng Chye was up to
mischief again.

It was then that I saw the slimy, creepy creature staring at me with its
moist, beady eyes. All of a sudden with a husky croak and a single, giant
leap, the four - legged creature landed on my lap. I was frozen with fear.
Then, when the truth finally sank in, I let out a few ear – splitting screams
that echoed along the corridor. All around me, I could hear hilarious
laughter while I was consumed by bitterness and anger. The joke was at
my expense.

As I seethed with anger and hurled verbal abuses at the top of my
voice, Seng Chye cowered in silence. His face has turned as red as a
beetroot and he had guilt written all over his face. The pandemonium that
resulted was enough to catch the attention of the discipline master who
stalked into the class. Seng Chye and I were summoned to his room. Each of
us took turns to relate the incident. Seng Chye was asked to apologise
which he readily obliged and was let off with a stern warning.

As I stepped out of the room, I knew that this was one incident
that would remain in my memory for a long time to come. It was the day I
lost my temper.

Practice:

1. Write a story about a shy teenager who attended a family gathering. Explain how it had changed
him/her to the person. Begin your story with:” There was a loud on the door…..”( Trial SPM 2019

Kelantan)
2. Write a story about a boy who got lucky one day. End your story with:” If it were not for the
incident, his life been the same.”( Trial SPM 2018 Terengganu

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DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY : DESCRIBING PEOPLE
To describe a person, there are three main aspects that can be discussed namely :
• Appearance / physical attributes
• Personality
• What they do or have done and how they have influenced you
Students shouldn’t be expected to include every descriptive element listed below. Rather, a few well-
chosen details will go a long way toward bringing their subject to life.
Face Shape

• Square
• Oval
• Round
• Triangular
• Heart-shaped
• Thin
• Wide
• Chiseled

Skin and Complexion
Complexion is the natural appearance and color of the skin, especially of the face. For exam- ple,
“Mary has a soft, creamy complexion.”

• Wrinkled: covered with lines or loose folds of skin; often associated with age
• Freckled: sprinkled or covered with light brown spots
• Ruddy: skin that has a reddish tint; may have the appearance of sunburn
• Sallow: skin that has a yellowish tint; may be associated with illness
• Tanned: skin with a warm, golden-brown tint

• Rosy or fresh-faced: pink-cheeked, fair complexion that glows with a hint of pink
Other skin-related adjectives: pale, fair, spotless, silky, smooth, creamy, dewy, babysoft, peaches-
and-cream, glowing, paper-thin or translucent (as with a very old person),

• sunburned, peeling, rough, callused, weathered, weather beaten, craggy, leathery,
mottled, dry, brown, dark

Eyes
Pay attention to the eyes, as they often reveal much about a person.

• Shape, size, and appearance: large, small, almond-shaped, round, squinty, crinkly,
bulging, heavy-lidded, hooded, deep-set, close-set, hollow, tear-filled
• Eye color: black, brown, hazel, green, blue, violet, grey, amber
• Eye expressions: piercing, mesmerizing, sad, sorrowful, haunted, gentle, sympathetic,
warm, compassionate, expressive, bright, twinkling, lively, dancing, laughing, shifty, sly, dis- trusting,
sleepy
• Other: brown-eyed boy, bright-eyed sister, wide-eyed child, gold-flecked eyes

Mouth and Lips

• Lip shape and size: thin, full, pouting, rosebud (baby’s lips, often), pursed (puckered up, as
when concentrating)
• Mouth expressions: laugh, smile, beam, grin, frown, grimace, scowl, sneer, curl, pout
• Adjectives describing the mouth or mouth expressions: toothy, toothless, gap- toothed,
kind, sweet, dimpled, relaxed, firm, serious, cruel, snarling

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Hair

• Hair colour: black, brunette, brown, chestnut-brown, blond, honey-blond, golden-blond, ash
blond, fair, corn silk, auburn, red, strawberry-blond, grey, silver, white, salt-and-pepper
• Texture or appearance: wispy, fuzzy, wavy, curly, kinky, frizzy, wild, untamed,
unmanageable, straight, spiky, stiff, buzzed, shaved, parted, neatly-combed, tamed, cascading, long,
short, cropped, dull, shiny

• Hair styles: braids, ponytail, pigtails, bun, messy bun, twist, bob, ringlets, flip, cornrows,
extensions, bangs, buzz, layered, feathered, chopped, gelled, spiked, slicked down
• Lots of hair: thick, full, lustrous, bushy, coarse, wiry, stiff
• Little hair: thin, scraggly, fine, baby-fine, downy, wispy, limp, flat, balding, bald, bald spot,
receding (gradual loss of hair at the front of the head)
• Treated hair: permed, dyed, bleached, highlighted, weaved, streaked, colored

Facial Hair

• Hair: beard, goatee, moustache, soul patch, sideburns
• Beard growth: stubble, fuzz, peach fuzz, bristles, five o’clock shadow (describes new beard
growth that’s shadowy in appearance. It’s usually more noticeable late in the day on the jaw, chin, or
cheek area, but some men purposely grow five o’clock shadows.)
• Adjectives: bearded, bushy, stubbly, bristly, scratchy, unshaven, shaggy, whiskered,
beardless, clean-shaven, smooth, trimmed, neatly-trimmed, pencil-thin

Body
Choose strong verbs and adjectives.

• Build: small, slim, slight, thin, lean, willowy, skinny, angular, bony, fine-boned, chunky,
chubby, large, portly, plump, round, stout, pudgy, full-figured, ample, broad-shouldered, bur- ly, solid,
muscular
• Posture: stand, sit, slouch, flop, lean, recline, rest, stretch, sprawl, curl up, roost, squirm,
arch, slump, stoop, bend, hunch, scoot, walk, run, race, jog

Clothing

• Fabric: denim, twill, wool, cashmere, cotton, linen, seersucker, gingham, lace, chiffon, tulle,
velvet, velveteen, fleece, flannel, tweed, polyester, jersey, corduroy, spandex, leather
• Bottoms: jeans, skinny jeans, cargo pants, flat-front pants, pleated pants, slacks, trou sers,
overalls, sweatpants, crop pants, capris, skirt, shorts, board shorts

• Tops: sport shirt, dress shirt, polo shirt, button-down shirt, tank top, blouse, tunic, long
sleeve, short-sleeve, sleeveless, collared, T-shirt, V-neck, scoop-neck, turtleneck, sweatshirt, hoodie,
pullover, sweater, cardigan, sweater set
• Other clothing: dress, gown, frock, uniform, coveralls, costume, pajamas, bathrobe, robe,
vest, jacket, blazer, coat, apron
• Footwear: socks, stockings, shoes, slippers, sandals, flip-flops, loafers, heels, pumps,
boots, ankle boots, riding boots, slouch boots, athletic shoes, sneakers, tennis shoes, gym shoes,
runners
• Accessories: mittens, gloves, hat, cap, head wrap, bandana, scarf, muffler, necklace,
choker, bracelet, ring, earrings, cuffs, cufflinks, purse, clutch, bag, tote, sunglasses, eye- glasses,
glasses
• Adjectives (appearance): stylish, natty, smart, chic, classy, elegant, polished, draped,
flowing, sheer, casual, relaxed, carefree, starched, crisp, sharp, dressy, lacy, shiny, shimmering,
sparkling, glittery, sloppy, torn, ripped, tattered, disheveled, slovenly, tacky, un- kempt, faded,

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scratchy, worn, frayed, nubby, rough, smooth, pliable, warm, soft, quilted, knit
• Adjectives (patterns): striped, solid, plaid, checked, floral print, geometric print

Sentence Starters Describing Clothes (Encourage students to write more maturely by using strong
sentence openings.)

• Smartly dressed in (name of garment), the woman …
• Casually attired in (name of garment), Chloe …
• Simply clad in (name of garment), Mark …
• Uncle Max sported a (name of garment) …
• Wearing a (name of garment), the detective …

How to express feelings?

How do you describe a person who is angry?

• He turned red with fury.

* My boss hit the ceiling when I told him I’d lost the documents • Her face was contorted with rage
and fury.
* I'm vexed with her. Her tone irritated me to the core.
• Jimmy was so angry that his blood boiled. * He was inwardly seething at the offense.
• Lara’s voice crackled with anger.
* She received an irate letter from her husband.
• An angry frown creased her forehead.
* I’m kicking myself for not booking the flight yesterday – the price just went up RM200.
• A wave of futile rage swept over him.
* It drives me up the wall when people answer their cell phones in the midst of a discussion.
• Venom spewed from his lips as he cursed belligerently.
• She was like a bull in a china shop.
• Seething with anger, she approached Ben menacingly.
• Her eyes flashed with anger and resentment.
• His anger turned into violence.

How do you describe a person who is sad?

• Tears welled up in his eyes and began rolling down her cheeks like rivulets.
* She's feeling blue after what has happened to her son.
• No one could express his agony.
* I am feeling low because my best friend is very ill.
• She was on the brink of tears.
* Fans were downhearted by the defeat.
• He felt the whole world collapsing upon him.
* My heart sank when I saw my test grade – I only got 54.”
• Dark clouds seemed to constantly loom over her head.
• She felt as if her heart had been ripped from her body.
• He cried his heart out on hearing the tragic news.
• She fell to her knees, clutching her head in despair.
• He felt the whole weight of the world upon her shoulders.
• His eyes were puffy and red after all the crying.

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How do you describe a person who is shock/frightened?
• Panic started to engulf Timmy.
* We were on pins and needles waiting to hear if we won the contest.
• The cold black night pierced his very bones.

How do you describe a person who is happy?
• He was over the moon when he heard the good news.
* Together with a mirthful laughter, she gave a gleeful smile.
• She was floating on air when her teacher praised her.
* They received a euphoric welcome after the highly anticipated tournament.
• I’m pumped about the concert this weekend – It’s going to be awesome! * I had a jubilant crowd
when I walked up the stage to receive the medal • Her eyes glittered with tears of joy.
* I heard a joyous laughter after she gave a delighted smile.
• She seemed to be the happiest bride I've ever seen. * It seemed as if a smile was plastered on
her face.
• They were saturated with happiness.
* Finally, it was a joyful occasion where everyone hugged each other.
• She felt as if the whole world was on her side.
* She was a contented wife. Going to the World Cup Final was a dream come true.
* He nearly fell over in elation after learning that he had won the prize.
* When their names were announced, the winner felt elated and excited.
• Her bright smile was infectious, lighting up the room.
• She seemed to be the happiest bride I've ever seen.
• Tears of joy streamed down my cheeks.
* I’m dying to see the new movie.

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SAMPLE ESSAYS ON DESCRIBING PEOPLE

Describing a friend

I usually make friends easily, so I have a lot of friends – school- Introduction
mates, neighbours, and relatives. I can’t imagine my life without them. But

there is one, who will always be in the first place in my heart. Her name is

Laticia and she is my closest friend.

Laticia is a very beautiful and charming girl and always attracts physical appearance
males’ attention. She is taller than me and has straight brown hair and + behavior observa-
deep chestnut brown eyes. Like most teenagers she pays a lot of atten- tion (image con-
tion to her appearance and likes dressing in the latest and most extrava- scious)
gant fashion. I don’t think I’ve ever seen her in a T- shirt or jeans.
personality traits +
By nature Laticia is communicative and outgoing and the thing behavior observa-
she likes best is being the centre of attention. Her biggest dream is to be- tion + history
come a singer and I truly believe that one day she’ll make her wish come
true. Laticia has won many prizes and has taken part in many concerts, personality traits +
because she sings really incredibly. behavior observa-
tion
As a normal human being, however, Laticia also has her short-
comings. She never goes on time to her dates. Sometimes she is absent- personality traits
minded and inconsiderate and that makes people think she never takes
things seriously. But this is not true. She has a strong sense of responsi-
bility and you can always rely on her.

Another characteristic she has is that she’s gregarious, sensitive

and emotional. She also gets confused easily and doesn’t forget those +behavior

who have caused her harm. observation

The thing I admire most about Laticia is that she is protective and personal viewpoint
+ personality traits
likes to look after people. Believe it or not, once she ever saved my life! + history
I’ll never forget that day. We went swimming in a pool. Suddenly, my left
leg went dead I couldn’t go on swimming. I lost consciousness. When I

opened my eyes I found myself lying and Laticia holding my hands. She,

herself had pulled me out of the water. That was a real narrow escape
from the death, and if she weren’t there, I would have drowned.

For me, friendship is the most important thing in the world. I am Conclusion + opin-
proud to say that I have such loyal and helpful friend – one in a million. ion

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The person whom I admire the most

Ever since I first met my admirable friend Kumari on-holiday camp Introduction
several years ago, she has been my favourite, irreplaceable companion. My
kindred spirit.

The first thing you notice about her, are her brown eyes, small up- Physical
turned nose and large sensuous mouth, which make her face very photo- appeara
genic. At first glance you can also see her long, straight hair, as well as nce
slender body which make her look really amazing. As a rule she enjoys
wearing typical clothes.

The most noticeable characteristic of Kumari is her unprecedented Personality
sense of humour. It is rare to cheer everybody up in different situations, yet traits + behavior
she always manages to do it. Moreover, she is the life and soul of a party, observation
which makes her extremely sociable. Pointing out her tendency to be
incredibly precise and insistence and perfection. Some people claim she
may seem quick-tempered but in reality deep down, she is really an amiable
person.

Kumari has a very unpredictable lifestyle, for this reason she spends Personality traits
a lot of time exercising. In her spare time she goes either to a swimming
pool or climbing in the mountains which I admire most. In the future she
would love to fulfil one of her childhood dreams, namely to be- come and
actress.

To sum up, Kumari really deserves admiration due to her ambition and conclusion

optimism. She shows people how to be a better person. I hope our friend-
ship will never end.

Now, it is your turn to write.
1. If you were given the chance to spend a day with a famous person, who would that
person be? Explain your choice. (Trial SPM 2019 Terengganu)

Descriptive Essay – place, event
1. Structure your essay in a way that makes sense for your topic.
a. If you are writing about an event, give your paragraphs a chronological order.
b. If you are writing about a place or thing, try ordering your paragraphs so that they
go from general to specific.

2. Use descriptive words. Do not use vague words or generalities (such as good, nice,
bad, or beautiful). Be specific and use sensory, descriptive words(adjectives). For example:
a. I ate a good dinner.(or)
b. I devoured a steaming hot, cheese-filled pepperoni pizza for dinner.

133

3. Draw five columns on a piece of paper with each column labelled taste, touch, sight,
sound, and smell. Using your five senses, write down sensations and feelings you associate
with you.

1. Provide sensory details:
a. Smells that are in the air (the aroma of freshly brewed coffee)
b. Sounds (traffic, honking horns)
c. Sights (“The sun scattered tiny diamonds across dew-covered grass as it peeked

out from beyond the horizon.”)
d. Touch (“The texture of the adobe hut’s walls resembled coarse sandpaper.”)
e. Taste: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, tart(“Giant goose bumps formed on my tongue-

when I accidently bit into a sliver of lemon.”)

134

Describing an event
Sample 1 : Concert

I could still remember the sound of music blaring through the speakers, Introduction:
people excitedly engaged in conversation, the laughter, the colourful lights, Experience – sight,
the smell of the food, all blended perfectly. This event is what I will described
as one of the best ones of my life: The concert of my favorite band, Panda. In sound, smell
the concert.

I could experience a lot of sensations that were more enjoyable be- General description
cause of my five senses. That is why this experience is significant for me. – sound,
Listening and seeing my favorite singers on that cold night was awesome
because I had never seen them. This makes me want to relive that amazing sight, touch
experience.

I remember arriving at the “Megavelaria” at 6 o’clock. The line to get in to From this point, the
description is in
the concert was longer than I thought it would be. Most people were dressed chronological order
in black t-shirts with different designs of Panda and División Minúscula, the of time.
two most important and great groups at the concert. As we were walking to

get closer to the access area I could listen to people talking about their likes Specific description:

and dislikes concerning the famous and controversial rock bands. At that time, – touch, sight,

the weather was nice. It was neither warm nor cold; it was just perfect for a smell, sound

concert night with friends. On the street, there were some people selling black

t-shirts, big posters and some snacks which smelled delicious and looked

mouthwatering. Then, we started get- ting closer to the concert stage.

People started screaming every time that they listened to any sounds of Specific description:
the different instruments from backstage. From one moment to another, the – sight, touch,
VIP zone was overcrowded. People started pushing each other, and I could
feel how they were trying to knock over people around me. Then, the concert sound, smell,
started. The music was extremely loud. I could listen to people’s screams as
they were singing in unison while all of us were just listening to the songs. As taste
it was darkening, from the stage, green, yellow and red fluorescent lights
started illuminating us. As I started singing with all the other people around
me, my throat started hurting and I felt breathless, so I bought a bottle of
water to feel better.
The incredible concert was almost over.

After all the amazing bands had played, people started pushing each Specific
other again to get out of that enormous place. I started screaming aloud to
my friends to wait for me, and my throat started horribly hurting a second description:
time. The night was cold and really dark. The light posts around the avenue Physical – sound,
helped us see the small, but attractive food carts. The smell was great, but
as I did not have enough money, I just bought an icy cold soda. It tasted like touch, sight, smell,
heaven because my throat was refreshing again. My friend bought some
potato chips and she shared them with me for us not to be hungry. The taste taste
was salty, just fabulous and the sauce was spicy. Then, as we were looking
at people of all ages walking around, at some
point we saw my dad’s blue car coming for us to take us home.

I experienced almost all senses which helped me to make this one of the
most enjoyable and memorable experiences in my life. I still remember the
sounds, the sights and the smells of the food which make me want to go back

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in time to live that occasion for the second time. Even though, I suffered
because of people’s attitude at some moments of the concert or because of
my screams that hurt my throat time and again, it was really worth the
moment.

Describing
Sample 2 : Carnival Rides

I have always been fascinated by carnival rides. It amazes me Introduction:
that average, ordinary people eagerly trade in the serenity of the ground for Experience –
the chance to be tossed through the air like vegetables in a food processor. It
amazes me that at some time in history someone thought that people would sight, sound
enjoy this, and that person invented what must have been the first of these
terrifying machines. For me, it is precisely the thrill and excitement of having
survived the ride that keeps me coming back for more.

My first experience with a carnival ride was a Ferris wheel at a Specific description:
local fair. Looking at that looming monstrosity spinning the life out of its – sound, sight, smell
sardine-caged occupants, I was dumbstruck. It was huge, smoky, noisy and
not a little intimidating. Ever since that initial impression became fossilized in
my imagination many years ago, these rides have reminded me of mythical
beasts, amazing dinosaurs carrying off their screaming passengers like
sacrificial virgins. Even the droning sound of their engines brings to mind the
great roar of a fire-breathing dragon with smoke spewing from its exhaust-
pipe nostrils.

The first ride on one of these fantastic beasts gave me an instant Specific description:
rush of adrenaline. As the death-defying ride started, a lump in my throat – touch,
pulsed like a dislodged heart ready to walk the plank. As the ride gained
speed, the resistance to gravity built up against my body until I was unable to sight, smell,
move. An almost imperceptible pause as the wheel reached the top of its
climb allowed my body to relax in a brief state of normalcy. Then there was sound
an assault of stomach-turning weightlessness as the machine continued its
rotation and I descended back toward the earth. A cymbal- like crash vibrated
through the air as the wheel reached bottom, and much to my surprise I
began to rise again.

Each new rotation gave me more confidence in the churning Specific
machine. Every ascent left me elated that I had survived the previous death-
defying fall. When another nerve-wracking climb failed to follow the description:
last exhilarating descent and the ride was over, I knew I was hooked. – sight, touch,

sound

Physically and emotionally drained, I followed my fellow passengers
down the clanging metal steps to reach the safety of my former footing. I had
been spared, but only to have the opportunity to ride again.

My fascination with these fantastic flights is deeply engrained in my
soul. A trip on the wonderful Ferris wheel never fails to thrill me. Although I am Conclusion:
becoming older and have less time, or less inclination, to play, the child-like Summary, opinion
thrill I have on a Ferris wheel continues with each and every ride.

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Sample 3 : Weekend Market

Many tourists brochures have mentioned that one place every tourist must Introduction:
venture is the weekend market. This market is huge and has everything Opinion, Fact
from bags, souvenirs and handicrafts to many kinds of animals, plants and
it also has a variety of local delicacies and paraphernalia. The weekend
market is a great place for shopping and experiencing the local culture.

The weekend market in PJ Old Town is located near the town's General description:
main bus station so people come from all over the country to buy and sell Sight
goods. , it is also near an LRT train station which makes it very convenient
for city people, especially young people who don't have cars. The market is
very large and full of hundreds of small shops and stalls. It can be rather
baffling to get around. If you get lost, it is a good idea to look for the clock
tower which is right in the middle of the market. It will help you find your
way.

When I walk into the market early on a Sunday morning there are people From this point, the
and cars and motorcycles everywhere. While it is usually hot and crowded, description is in
the atmosphere is friendly and good-natured. You have to be careful where chronological order of time.
you walk. Many people are bringing their goods to sell in big bags on carts
and trolleys. At times, you might even have to jump out of the sellers' way Specific description:
as they charge along the narrow walkways with their goods. To the sellers, Physical – sight,
tourists and locals are pouring in looking for some- thing to eat or ready to touch, sound, smell,
start shopping. As time passes, the market gets more and more crowded taste
and you have to start squeezing past people to keep moving.

As you walk through the market you will experience many sensations. Specific description:
There are many smells, scents and aromas. One moment you will be Physical – sight,
smelling the aroma of stir-fried dishes from a small restaurant and the next
you smell the scents of orchids and other flowers as you pass through the touch, smell, taste
cooler and more relaxing garden section. Deeper into the market, your eyes
will have trouble recording so many products with their many colors, designs
and sizes. After a while you may feel dizzy and look for a quiet place to have
a rest and a refreshing drink. There are many small cafes and stalls selling
fresh coconut juice, orange juice or iced water to quench your thirst.

A day at the weekend market is both a day of shopping and a unique Conclusion:
experience for your senses. It is a kind of magical journey that is great as a Summary, opinion
maiden experience for tourists and an escape from the daily
life for the locals.

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Sample 4 : Haunted House

A little while ago, my family moved from Pennsylvania to a house in Introduction:
Maryland. The house was on a hill and very secluded from the rest of the General description
- sight
town. It was perched upon the very top of a hill and had a black gate
guarding it. When we moved, the previous owners had given us some
background history on the house. They told us that over 30 years ago a baby
had been born in my parents’ room, and that there had also been a death in
the house, but forgot to tell us where.

The house was large, beautiful, but naturally very noisy. The stairs Specific description:
creaked loudly when we walked up them, and the air leaked through the Sight, sound
parched wood of the floorboards, walls, and windows making an eerie
whistling sound. The house was very hollow, so there was a lot of echoing.
My room was all the way downstairs though, so I didn’t have to worry about
that as much. Other than that, the house seemed like the average Victorian
house in Venoiro County.

By the time I moved out of the house, I had my share of strange Specific description:
Sound
occurrences. After about a year of living in that house, I had found out that it
wasn’t as normal as I had first suspected. I’m pretty sure there were at least

10 ghosts living in that house. Each of them had very unusual habits. While

my dad was working he sometimes liked to listen to the radio, obviously so

did the ghosts. Sometimes we would be woken in the middle of the night by

loud blasts of music from the radio in the office if my dad had forgotten to
unplug the radio before going to bed. Or when we’d come back to the house
after being on a vacation we’d find the radio to be on. But that was only one

of the peculiar habits the ghosts had.

Not only was the radio always being turned on, but the toilets Specific description:
would flush randomly, the sinks would turn on, and alarm clocks would go off Sound, sight
at any given time. My dog Casey would go crazy barking at nothing
sometimes, but when my mother would turn on the lights, she would stop.
None of us knew what to think of these events, so we just tried to ignore

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Practice
Describing an event:

1. Describe an incident which had happened to you and made you learn the importance of
being trustworthy.

2. Describe one of your most memorable first days of school.
3. Describe a memorable trip you took.
4. Describe the grandest wedding you attended.
5. Describe the best carnival you have been to.

Describing a place:

1. Describe the house in which you grew up.
2. Describe the place you have dreamed about that does not exist in real life.
3. Describe your dream vacation.
4. Describe the place that has changed your life.
5. Describe the place where you had the worst moment in your life.

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

A. Tips on the format in writing argumentative essay

1. Introduction
• Look at issues or topic concern
• Explain the issue or topic given
• Express stand (if required) in the thesis statement

2. Body (1 – 4)
• Arguments for
• Give supporting statement
• Justify with examples or explanation
• Arguments against
• Give evidence
• Justify argument

3. Conclusion or recommendation
• Restate your stand
• Summarize main points

B. Some useful expressions in argumentative essay
• I agree../I disagree../I strongly believe../I am definitely sure
• There is no doubt…. / It cannot be denied…/ Certainly.
• I am of the opinion that …
• It is truly clear that ..

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Examinations – good or bad }
}Introduction
The word ‘examinations’ may frighten some of us, including me. It is a }paragraph
mean to evaluate the performance and assess the academic achievement }
of students. They aim at testing the students’ grasp and under- }
standing of the subjects taught to them. However, one needs a lot of Thesis statement of
revision and preparation in order to face examinations so as to obtain agreement
an excellent result. So, is examination good? It is good as no doubt it
has come to play an important part in one’s educational career.

Examinations give the opportunity for students to study as much as Topic sentence 1

they want. No examinations lead students to nowhere. Studies (Reason 1)

will no more be an orchard of knowledge. It is a valuable quality if one }

is able to pass an examination. It shows that the student is able to ex- }Supporting ideas

press his thoughts and ideas in a manner others can understand. It also }to support topic

shows that the student has acquired a certain amount of knowledge in }sentence 1

some branches of study. Besides, the mind of a student including a dull }

person, receives good exercise when he prepares for an examination. A }
student‘s success in an examination helps the teacher to assess his

mental or general ability.

Topic sentence 2

If there are no examinations, one will doubt about the existence (Reason 2)

of educational institutional such as colleges. They will be closed and }

knowledge will be of no value. Other things like college unions would }Supporting ideas

be much more important than the classes. Teachers and the administration }to support topic

of the institutions will have to struggle to find ways and programmes which }sentence 2

would attract students to attend classes or even enroll in colleges. }

As such, students will only go for selective studies done through selective }

books, guides and notes. Not only that, the strenuous two months. Selection

of candidates for careers will become a problem as paper qualifications

play a vital role to determine the career of an individual. Examinations Topic sentence 3
help to distinguish the quality of a student besides helping to decide (Reason 3)

qualification for certain scholarship. They enable students to gain entry

into institutions of higher learning too. }Supporting ideas

Competitions are made available to prove each other’s’ mental powers. Topic sentence 4
(Reason 4)

Students will be able to boast their intelligence and reasoning power especially }

if they are sitting for higher level of examinations. On top of that, students can }Supporting ideas

in indicate their grasp of the subjects taught in their studies through their
performance in the examinations

In short, the goal of examinations is to evaluate the quantum of }Restatement of

knowledge acquired by students so as to produce a good quality of students } opinion

who can perform excellence in the fields that they venture.

}Summary of main

Therefore, examinations are good and important otherwise the world of }points

academicians will be filled with poor or unknown souls without examinations.

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LET’S WRITE:
1. Failure makes us more determined. Do you agree?
2. Paper and books are outdated sources of information. How far do you agree with this opinion? Explain
why.
3. Keeping our surroundings clean is the duty of all citizens. How far do you agree?
4. Inner beauty is much more important than outer beauty for both sexes. How far do you agree with this
opinion? Explain why.

FACTUAL WRITING
What is factual composition?
Factual writing explains an event or a series of events in a chronological order that allows readers to gain
information.
(a) The main purpose of factual writing is to inform. You may have to:
1. give instructions or explain processes
2. analyse situations, trends or problems
3. propose solutions or remedies
The main question you have to ask yourself before you decide to tackle a factual topic is “Do I have enough
information on this topic?” You cannot get your facts wrong. Make sure you read the question carefully so
that you do not misinterpret the question. This often happens in examinations.
(b) There are a few ways you could arrange your facts. Your main concern should be that your arrangement
is clear and logical. You could:
(i) Each paragraph must have a distinct topic with supporting details factually relate directly to it.
(ii) When describing processes, progress logically, step by step, from the first step to the last one;
(iii)When listing problems, state the most important problem first and then go on to the less important ones.

Tips: Steps to Exam take when planning a factual composition
Before writing your composition, you should spend a few minutes planning it.
(a) Brainstorming
(i) Define the scope of your essay
(ii) Jot down all the relevant facts you can think of, in a mind map. Make use of the thinking tools.

(b) Selecting and organising the points
(i) Select the relevant and most effective points.
(ii) Plan the sequence of the points.

Once you know what you are going to write about, you will be able to concentrate on how to write it best.
That is, you are free to focus on your writing style. You can pace yourself according to the time and points.
Imagine yourself in the examination hall. You are trying to complete your composition when the
invigilator says “Ten more minutes…” If you didn’t have a plan, you might panic so much that all your ideas
would fly out of your head! With a plan, you can just calmly focus on the next point on your list.

Note the specific structure and language features of a factual composition.
Structure Title Language Features Define the subject Introduction Use specific vocabulary

Use the present tense

Use logical connectors

Use vary sentence beginning

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Provide facts about the topic and supporting details Body
Fact 1
Fact 2
Fact 3

Summarise the information given Conclusion

SAMPLE 1
Topic 1: The Problem of Deforestation (Text is taken from Nexus Pro SPM 4.5)

Thousands and thousands of acres of lush rainforests are cleared each year to make way for
development. The once beautiful and spectacular√ forests are reduced to barren landscapes. This is
for the sake of development, for the advancement of man.
Yet, what happens when trees are felled? Firstly, the earth is left vulnerable to soil erosion. The
heavy tropical rains will carry away the rich topsoil, and the land without its topsoil will no longer be
fertile. Slowly but steadily, the lush vegetation will give way to wasteland.
Secondly, the flowing water will not only wash away the topsoil but will deposit it in the rivers. As a
result, the rivers will become shallower. Consequently, floods will become frequent in the area.
Thousands of people will suffer in these floods.

Another point to note is that forests are home to hundreds of species of flora and fauna. Animals
and plants live in symbiotic relationships in the balance of nature. Man destroys this balance when
he flattens the forest to the ground. Where do they go then, the great and tiny inhabitants of these
forests? Nowhere. They die. If this goes on, the food chain will be disrupted. As creatures
dependent on the flood chain, man is ultimately destroying his own sources of food through the
destruction of rainforests.

When forests are a distant memory, a shocking fact will hit us full force. Mankind will be thrown
into a state of unimaginable suffering and agony. What I am talking about is the lack of oxygen.
While cutting down a tree to add yet another piece of luxurious furniture to man’s already opulent
lifestyle, people forget that they are also reducing our supply of oxygen.

Trees absorb the carbon dioxide breathed out by living creatures, reprocess it and, in the end,
produce the life-sustaining√ oxygen. Without trees, where will this oxygen come from? Will we
process it in factories? Will a time come when man will be fighting for the very air he breathes?

Furthermore, the excessive carbon dioxide will also effect a change in the microclimate and
raise the region’s temperature. There will be a greenhouse effect on earth; warm air and radiation
will be trapped under the earth’s atmosphere. Then, as the earth’s temperature rises, the ice in the
polar caps will melt, raising the sea level. Great floods will hit the lower-lying areas.

As you can see, it is a vicious cycle. A change in our environment will trigger off another
change which will trigger off yet another. This is why we should keep the balance of nature. This is
why we ought to preserve our forests. This is why environmentalist groups are pressurizing
governments to reduce the felling and the clearing of forests and to be serious about replanting
forests.

With the support of ordinary citizens like you and me, they will get the attention of the people in
power. We can also help by planting trees. Members of this beautiful planet must be united. By
preserving forests, we are preserving ourselves

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Topic 2: Why we should exercise? (Text is taken from Focus SPM Form 4.5)

SAMPLE 2

A healthy person is a ‘wealthy’ person. Wealth is here measured in terms of the person’s physical
well-being so that he or she is able to go about and carry out day-to-day tasks easily. He or she will look
good and feel good. To attain this, physical exercise is a must.

Firstly, exercise ensures our good health. Modern-day chronic diseases; like heart problems, diabetes
and certain cancers are all caused by the lack of exercise. Conversely, anyone having these ailments will
recover better if they include exercise as part of their daily routine.

Another instance why we need to exercise is doctors link the lack of exercise to many people having
one form or another of insomnia. Moreover, when we sleep better, we have better resistance to infections.
This has been proven by astronauts. During mission, their bodies physically deteriorate√. Their bones,
internal organs and cardiovascular system are all negatively affected. However, it has been found that
exercise reduces the changes significantly.

Another example of how exercise helps us to feel better is it gets rid of obesity. It burns calories. In
our push-button lifestyle√, we have become quite sedentary. ‘Why walk when we can take a car’ seems to
be the way of life for all of us. Nowadays, even shopping is done online. Moreover, we/seem to be only
exercising our fingers as we play computer games, surf the Net and press the control button to change the
channel to our favourite television programme. Add that to the Malaysia favourite pastime of eating, it is no
wonder that our young have bellies and double chins.

Lastly, students should exercise at least three times a week for at least twenty minutes per session,
as exercise is a good stress buster√. Exercise stimulates different brain chemicals. One of those
chemicals is endorphin which makes a person become less stressed and more cheerful. Students
preparing for their examinations are therefore able to concentrate better. As a result, they will do better in
their examinations.
In conclusion, regular exercise is an effective way by which we can not only feel young, but look younger.

LET’S WRITE:
1. What can we do to save the environment?
2. Why is having a good friend important?
3. How has modern technology benefited man?
4. Why is pollution a problem to us?

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SET A1

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Section A
[15 marks]
[Time suggested : 25 minutes]
Question 1 to 8 are based on the given stimuli. Study the information carefully and choose the
best answer.

My Fin My Life Campaign
Sharks have existed for more than 400 million years, but today, their
populations are drastically declining due to humans. Annually, it is estimated
that at least 100 million sharks are killed for their fins, meat, leather, liver oil and
cartilage (National Geographic, 2013). Unfortunately, Malaysia is not a safe
haven for these endangered species. We are ranked as the world’s ninth
largest producer of shark products and third largest importer in volume terms
(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, State of the Global
Market for Shark Products report, 2015). In fact, 84% of imported shark fins
were consumed domestically, and between 2004-2011, the volume of shark fin
consumption has increased by an average of 54% per year.

1 From the extract we can conclude that
A sharks’ number is decreasing sharply.
B sharks are on the brink of extinction.
C sharks are a delicacy in Malaysia.
D sharks’ campaign is embarking.

2 The phrase not a safe haven shows that
A sharks are not heavenly animal.
B sharks are killed at large number.
C sharks are not protected in sanctuaries.
D sharks are on the top list of endangered animals.

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KUANTAN - A landslide in Malaysia's Genting Highlands resulted in a road
being cut off on Tuesday (Nov 5), although no casualties were reported. The
incident happened near the exhibition hall of a real estate company at Jalan
Genting-Amber Court at around 5.40pm, according to a spokesman for the
Pahang Fire and Rescue Department. "However, the route affected was not
the main route to the highland tourist resort – it is the road to other areas in
Genting Highlands. "Mr Nor Hisham said that besides the Fire and Rescue
Department, clearing works were also assisted by contractors doing works in
the highlands. Genting Highlands Fire and Rescue Department's Yusry
Abdullah Sani said they received a distress call and sent 10 firemen and three
assets to the scene.

3 From the extract, we know that
A the incident almost caused death.
B the repair work was done with some help.
C the road to tourists’ areas was not accessible.
D the landslide caused damage to the exhibition hall.

Gasing, known as spinning tops, are carved by the villagers in Kelantan and
Melaka. They believe that spinning tops would bring a good harvest. Every
rice harvest season, villagers challenge each other to see who has the best
skills in spinning tops. Made of wood, iron or steel, the tops come in various
sizes weighing between 0.1kg to 5kg. Today, associations such as
the GohKaki Childhood Museum and Kelantan Gasing Uri Association,
continue to introduce gasing to the public through annual contests, team-
building workshops and on-ground events. Played by people of all
ages, gasing brings adults back to their childhood memories and helps
children appreciate their country’s history and traditions.

4 All of the following statements are correct except
A Gasing preserves patriotism among younger generation.
B Gasing is most popular in west coast of Malaysia.
C Gasing is favoured by many people.
D Gasing brings a lot of abundance.

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COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan, a city in China, in December 2019. Although
health officials are still tracing the exact source of this new coronavirus, early
hypotheses thought it may be linked to a seafood market in Wuhan, China.
Some people who visited the market developed viral pneumonia caused by
the new coronavirus. A study that came out on Jan. 25, 2020, notes that the
individual with the first reported case became ill on Dec. 1, 2019, and had no
link to the seafood market. Investigations are ongoing as to how this virus
originated and spread.

5 The best way to avoid possible infection of the virus is
A stop eating seafood.
B not visit the seafood market.
C consult a doctor after visiting the market.
D keep yourself updated with the latest information.

If you haven’t been paying attention to Tik Tok, you haven’t been paying
attention. The short-form video app hailing from Beijing’s Byte Dance just
had its biggest month ever with the addition of 75 million new users in
December — a 275 percent increase from the 20 million it added in
December 2017, according a recent report from Sensor Tower.
Despite its rapid rise, there are still plenty of people — often, older people
— who aren’t quite sure what TikTok is.
While it’s true that TikTok is home to some standard lip-syncing, it’s
actually better known for its act-out memes backed by music and other
sound clips, which get endlessly reproduced and remixed among its
young users.

6 From the article, we know that
A TikTok encourages creative content creators.
B TikTok users are gradually increasing.
C TikTok popularizes singing at home.
D TikTok is famous among adults.

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Yesterday, @aisha.kallahan and I drove from KL to Shah Alam to visit 9 stray
puppies and 3 adults dogs. It was so heartbreaking seeing these little ones
diving through garbage looking for food, their mom was so skinny but
bless her heart she is still nursing them. We managed to rescue one and
drove him to Seremban to his new mommy, I am so thankful for her ♥️ I'm
hopeful and confident that I can re-home the puppies and their mom in the
next few weeks, I can't imagine how hard it is living on the streets with no
shelter, food or water.

If you are able, please help spread word about these babies and find
them a forever home. I will send them to wherever you are so if you're
interested then definitely reach out to me. Thank you ♥️

7 How did the writer feel?
A annoyed that the puppies are dumped.
B worry that no one will accept the puppies.
C optimistic that puppies will have new owner.
D proud that she saved the puppies from the streets.

Dear sir,

I am writing to register a complaint with your paper delivery service. On a
disturbing number of occasions my newspaper has either been delivered late
or not at all. I prefer to read the newspaper in the morning before I go to
work, and it is my understanding that I am supposed to have it at my house
by 6:30 A.M. at the latest. I would appreciate my paper in a timely fashion
from here on, as well as a month's subscription free. I try to invest in local
news outlets, but I am sad to say that I can get my information faster over the
internet if need be, and the comics haven't been worth reading since 1994.

Thank you.

8 What is the demand of the unhappy writer?
A the information from the newspaper is made online.
B the newspaper is delivered to the workplace.
C the newspaper is delivered without fail.
D the payment is exempted for a month.

148

Question 9 to 15 are based on the following passage. Choose the best answer to fill in each
blank.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that of all illnesses, depression is the 9

cause of ill health and disability worldwide. According to the latest estimates from WHO, more

than 300 million people are now living with depression. Depression and anxiety are 10

problems in colleges across the country. During college, students experience many firsts,

including a new lifestyle, friends, roommates, exposure to a new culture and experiences.

Students may struggle if they can't manage these firsts. If students aren't prepared to cope,

they can become 11___susceptible to depression and anxiety.

Depression is a medical condition that can affect a student's ability to work, study,

interact with peers, or take care of themselves. Symptoms of depression may 12 :

difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much, appetite changes, withdrawing from participating in

activities once 13 , feelings of sadness, hopelessness, unhappiness, and difficulty

concentrating on school work. Symptoms of depression can also lead to thoughts of suicide.

The best place for a student to start if they are feeling down or need someone to talk
to is to 14 out to the on-campus counseling center. 15 , if your college doesn't
have a counseling center or there is a long waitlist, ask a trusted adult such as a professor,
career counselor or RA for help getting a referral to a therapist in the community.

9 A led 13 A enjoy
B lead B enjoys
C leads C enjoyed
D leading D enjoying

10 A prevalent 14 A find
B available B call
C deterrent C shout
D plausible D search

11 A hastily 15 A Besides
B quickly B However
C easily C Although
D fast D Moreover

12 A include
B includes
C included
D including

149