science-2

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ n]v M
-s_ axs] f] xfjfsf] ko| fu] ltdf| ] 3/df sg' sg' sfdsf nflu ul/G5 <
-v_ xfdLn] afNg] lahn' L sa] f6 lgsflnG5 <
-u_ au]sf] kfgLsf] k|of]u sg' sg' sfddf ul/G5 <

ljm| ofsnfk !

lzIfssf] lgb]z{ gdf lkm/lkm/] agfO{ 3d' fP/ x/] .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g M
;Dej eP kfgL36\6sf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ o;n] s;/L sfd u5,{ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ jf gd'gf
kfgL36\6 agfO{ bv] fpg'xf];\ .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 45

kf7 !!

atf; rn]sf] lbg

dfly lrqdf b]vfOPsf] df;} d s:tf] xf] < lrqdf ltdL s] s:tf] cj:yf
bV] 5f} < lsg ?vx¿sf kft / xf“uf xlNn/xs] f 5g\ < ;'sfPsf nu' fx¿
klg lsg xlNn/x]sf 5g\ < lrqdf b]vfOPsf] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f
x]bf{ ?vsf xfu“ f / kftx¿ xlNn/x]sf 5g\, w'nf] pl8/x]sf] 5, aflx/
;s' fPsf] n'uf xlNn/xs] f] 5 . rªu\ f dflydfly pl8/xs] f] 5 . o:tf]
an] fsf] df};d atf; rns] f] ;do xf] .
xfjf sg' } a]nf la:tf/} rN5 t/ sg' } a]nf of] lgs} hf]8n] rN5 . w/] }
hf8] n] rns] f] xfjfnfO{ x/' L atf; elgG5 . x/' L atf;n] w/] } gf]S;fg

46 d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

u5{ t/ la:tf/} rn]sf] xfjf eg] w]/} pkofu] L xG' 5 . olb sg' } 7fps“ f]
xfjf tfTof] eg] Tof] xns' f xG' 5 / dflylt/ hfG5 . To; 7fpd“ f t'?Gt
jl/kl/sf] lr;f] xfjf cfp“5 . olt jn] f xfdL atf; rn]sf] cge' j
u5f+}“{ . xfjf lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 . of] slxn] la:tf/} rN5 eg] slxn]
l56f] l56f] rN5 .

atf; rns] f] a]nf df;} d l;tnf] x'G5 . udL{ofddf ;o" {sf] tfkn] z/L/
kfn] ]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . olt a]nf atf; rNof] eg] xfdLnfO{ zLtn
cg'ej xG' 5 . atf; rNbf lr;f] nu' f rf8“ } ;S' 5, af]6 la?jfsf] kft,
k'mn / kfss] f] kmn emg{ ;S5 . olb hldgdf w'nf] 5 eg] atf;n]
wn' f] klg p8fp5“ .

ljm| ofsnfk !

l/ag jf cvaf/sf] sfuhsf] Ps 5p] xftn] ;dftL sIffaflx/ s'g}
7fp“df uP/ plepm . l/ag xlNnPsf] 5 jf 5}g, /fdf| ;] u“ x]/ . olb
cfk}m“ xlNnof] eg] s] sf/0fn] xfn] f, 5nkmn u/L kTtf nufpm .

lj|mofsnfk @

cfk\mgf] sfkL jf lstfa lnP/ d'vcufl8 NofO{ xNnfpm . s] cge' j
u5f}{ < lsg o:tf] ePsf] xf]nf, atfpm .

ljm| ofsnfk #

Pp6f sfuhsf] lkm/lkm/] agfpm . To;nfO{ ;dft]/ v'nf 7fp“df
plepm . s] lkm/lkm/] nuftf/ 3'ld/xG5 jf sg' } an] f 3D' g] / sg' }

a]nf /f]lsgx] 'G5 < 5nkmn u/L kTtf nufpm .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 47

cEof;

!= l7s eP √ / a]l7s eP x lrxg\ bp] m M
-s_ w/] } hf8] n] rns] f] xfjfnfO{ x'/L atf; eG5g\ .
-v_ xfjf tftk] l5 u/f}“ x'G5 .
-u_ atf; rns] f] a]nf lr;f] cge' j x'G5 .
-3_ atf; rNbf ?vsf kftx¿ xlNnb“ g} g\ .
-ª_ x/' L atf;n] xflg gfS] ;fgL u5{ .
@ vfnL 7fp“df ldNg] zAb /fv M
-s_ lkm/lkm/] 3'dfpg + + + + + + + + + + + k5{ . -xfjf rNg', kfgL kg'_{
-v_ xfjf tftf] ePkl5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x'G5 . -xn'sf, u/f“} _
-u_ atf; rNbf lr;f] nu' f + + + + + + + + + + + + ;S' 5 . -l9nf,] rf“8f]_
#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ n]v M
-s_ x/' L atf; sn] fO{ elgG5 <
-v_ x/' L atf;n] s] s] gfS] ;fg ug{ ;S5 <
-u_ s] atf; ;w}“ Ps}gf;n] rN5 <
-3_ s:tf] an] fdf df};d lr;f] x'G5 <
-ª_ atf; rns] f] jf grn]sf] ltdL s;/L yfxf kfp5“ f} <

48 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

kf7 !@

lr;f] lbg

dfly lrqdf s'g cj:yfsf] lrq bv] fOPsf] 5 < hf8f] jf udL{ sg' ofd
xf] < lxp“ egs] f] s] xfn] f, ltdLn] slxNo} ;fr] s] f 5f} < kfgL w]/} lr;f]
xb“' } uof] eg] s] aG5 < w/] } cUnf kxf8x¿ ;w“e} l/ lxpn“ ] 9flsPsf
x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ lxdfn elgG5 . w]/} dfly /xs] f] afbn lr;f]
xG' 5 / afbndf ePsf] kfgL w]/} lrl;Pkl5 lxp“ aG5, clg v:5 .
To;n} ] kfgLsf] hds] f] cj:yf lxp“ xf] .

lxp“ hf8f] ofddf k5{ . lxp“ k/s] f] lbg w]/} lr;f] xG' 5 . slxn] sfxL“
s'lx/f] / x':;' nfU5 . of] a]nf klg xfdLnfO{ w/] } hf8f] nfU5 . s'lx/f]

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 49

w/] } glhs /x]sf] afbn xf] . o;/L afbn nfUbf, atf; rNbf, lxp“
kbf{, s'lx/f] / x:' ;' nfUbf df};d w/] } lr;f] x'G5 .

w]/} lr;f] df;} d eof] eg] o;n] xfd|f] z/L/df g/fdf| ] c;/ u5{ . xfdf|
z/L/sf cª\ux¿ /fdf| ;] “u rnfpg ;ls“b}g . lx8“ 8n' ug,{ sfd ug{
w/] } cK7o\ f/f] k5{ . hf8fa] f6 aRgsf nflu afSnf n'uf nufpg,] cfuf]
tfKg] / tftf] vfg]s/' f vfg] ugk{' 5{ . lxp“ k/s] f] ;dodf 3/leq a;/]
lr;fa] f6 aRgk' 5{ .

lj|mofsnfk !

hf8f] dlxgfdf slxn]sfxL“ leh]sf] hldgdf slgsf 5/]sf] h:tf]
bl] vG5 . o:tf] lsg bl] vG5 xf]nf, 5nkmn u/L kTtf nufpm .

ljm| ofsnfk @

laxfg sl' x/f] nfus] f] lbg lsg a9L hf8f] xG' 5 xfn] f < oltan] f aflx/ 8N' bf
skfn leH5 jf leHbg} < leHof] eg] s] sf/0fn] xfn] f, 5nkmn u/ .

cEof;

hf8] f ldnfpm M
-s_ atf; rªu\ f
-v_ lxp“ xns' f
-u_ tftf] xfjf s'lx/f]
jiff{

50 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

@= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ nv] M
-s_ s] eof] eg] df;} d lr;f] xG' 5 <
-v_ lxp“ s;/L aG5 <
-u_ df;} d w/] } lr;f] eof] eg] xfdLnfO{ s] xG' 5 <
-3_ lr;fa] f6 aRg ltdL s] u5f{} <
# atf; rns] f] df;} dsf] lrq agfpm .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 51

kf7 !#

afbn / kfgL

afbn s]af6 aG5 xf]nf < ltdLn] vfgf ksfp“bf, lehs] f] n'uf ;'sfp“bf,
ls6nLdf kfgL pdfNbf kfgL ;'s]sf] b]v]sf 5f} < Tof] kfgL sxf“
hfG5 < Tof] kfgL afkm ag/] xfjfdf hfG5 / w]/} dfly uPkl5 afbn
aG5 . afbn nfuk] l5 dfq kfgL k5{ . To; sf/0f afbn kfgLsf]
Pp6f ¿k xf] . vfn] f, gbL, tfn / ;db' s| f] kfgL ;"os{ f] tfkn] tfltP/

52 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

afkm aG5 / km] l/ afbn aG5 . ;a} lbgsf] df;} d Psgf;sf] xb“' g} .
sg' } lbg Gofgf] xG' 5 / sg' } lbg lr;f] xG' 5 . slxns] fxL“ kfgL k5{ . oL
;a} s] sf/0fn] xG' 5g\ t, 5nkmn u/f“} . dflysf] lrqdf s] cfsfz
;kmf bl] vG5 < cfsfz afbnn] 9fs]sf] 5 . afbn nfu]sf] lbg 3fd
nfu]sf] lbgeGbf lr;f] xG' 5, o:tf] lsg xG' 5 xfn] f < 3fdnfO{ afbnn]
9fS5 / xfdLn] ;o" a{ f6 kfpg] tfk / ks| fz sd x'G5 . To;}n] afbn
nfus] f] lbg lr;f] / sd pHofnf] xG' 5 .

afbn s] xf] / s;/L aG5, ltdLn] yfxf kfO;Sof} . ca afbnaf6 kfgL

s;/L k5,{ hfgf“} . ha ;d'b,| gbL, tfn kf]v/L cflbsf] kfgL ;o" s{ f]

tfkn] ubf{ tfT5 . To;kl5 kfgL afkm aG5 . afkm tftf] / xns' f

xg' ] x'gfn] of] xfjfdf p8]/ hfG5 . w/] } dfly k'u]kl5 lrl;P/ afbn

aG5 . clg afbnaf6 kfgL ag/] ux|f}“ eO{ tn v:5 . o;/L afbnaf6

kfgL k5{ . cfsfzaf6 k/s] f] kfgL au/] vfn] f, tnfp / gbLdf

ldl;G5 . cGTodf kfgL ;d'b|df k'U5 . ToxL kfgLaf6 km] l/ afbn

aG5 / an] f a]nfdf kfgL kl//xG5 .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 53

ljm| ofsnfk !

Pp6f ls6nLdf kfgL pdfn . 6'6Laf6 afkm lg:sg yfnk] l5 lr;f]
kfgL /fv]sf] l:6nsf] lunf; jf l:6nsf] Kn]6 66' Lglhs} nh} fpm . afkm
lr;f] ef“8fdf 7f]lsPkl5 s] xG' 5, cjnf]sg u/ . s;/L o:tf] eof],
5nkmn u/ .

ljm| ofsnfk @

Pp6f kf]lnlyg emf]nf jf /ªxLg aft] ndf cfwfhlt kfgL e/ .
To;sf] dv' nfO{ kfgLeGbf dfly 6Dd af“w . Ps bO' { 306f 3fddf
/fv]/ x/] . Tof] emfn] f jf aft] nleq s] b]lvG5 < o:tf] lsg ePsf] xf]
nf, 5nkmn u/L kTtf nufpm .

cEof;

!= ;ae} Gbf l7s pTt/ 5fgL lrx\g nufpm M
-s_ afbn nfus] f] lbg 3fd nfus] f] lbgeGbf lr;f] xG' 5, lsg <
-ks| fz gkfP/, tfk gkfP/, cfsfzdf ;"o{ geP/_
-v_ kfgL ttfp“bf lsg 36b\ } hfG5 <
-kfgL x/fP/ hfG5, afkm ag]/ p8]/ xfjfdf hfG5, ef“8fn]
;f];]/ lnG5_
-u_ kfgL s'g cj:yfdf kg{ ;S5 <
-w/] } udL{ eof] eg], atf; rNof] eg,] cfsfz afbnn] 9fSof] eg]_

54 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

@ tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ n]v M
-s_ afbn sa] f6 aG5 <
-v_ afbn nfu]sf] lbgsf] df;} d lsg lr;f] xG' 5 <
-u_ kfgL s;/L k5{ <
#= kfgL k/s] f] df;} dsf] lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgb{z] g
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ afkm lrl;P/ kfgL ags] f] pkoS' t pbfx/0f lbP/ k:| 6\ofpgx' f];\ .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 55

kf7 !$

k[YjL

dflysf] lrq x/] . o;sf] cfsf/ ufn] f] 5 . dfly lbOPsf] lrq kY[ jLsf]
xf] . s] ltdLn] lrqdf kY[ jLsf] ;tx Ps} ks| f/sf] bV] 5f} < To;df hldg
/ kfgLsf] efu 56' l\ 6Psf] 5 . kY[ jLsf] ;tx hldg / kfgLsf] efu ldn/]
ags] f] 5 . o;sf] ;txdf rf/ efusf] ltg efu kfgL / Ps efu hldg
5 . kY[ jLdf g} dflg;, hgfj/ / af6] la?jf /xs] f xG' 5g\ .
hldgsf] efu klg ;a} 7fp“df Psgf;sf] 5}g . hldgdf st} kxf8,
st} db} fg, st} lxdfn / st} pkTosf 5 . kY[ jLsf] ;txsf] hldgsf]
efunfO{ :ynd08n elgG5 . kY[ jLsfkfgLsf] efu klg ;db' ,| tfn,

56 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

gbL, kfv] /L cflb ldn/] ags] f] 5 . ;db' | kfgLsf] w/] } 7n' f] efu xf] .
kY[ jLsf] ;txsf] kfgLsf] efunfO{ hnd08n elgG5 .

kY[ jLsf] ;txnfO{ rf/l} t/ afSnf] xfjfsf] txn] 9fss] f] 5 . xfjfsf]
txnfO{ jfod' 08n elgG5 . jfod' 08n w]/} Uof;“ x¿ ldn]/ ag]sf]
5 . o;df gfO6f« ]hg, clS;hg, sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8 cflb Uof;x¿
kfOG5g\ . xfjfdf kfgLsf] afkm, wj' f“, wn' f] cflbsf ;;fgf s0fx¿
klg ldl;P/ /xs] f xG' 5g\ . kY[ jLsf] ;txaf6 hlt hlt dfly uof,]
xfjfsf] tx kftnf] x'“b} hfG5 .

hldg sn] ] ags] f] 5 xfn] f, atfpg ;S5f} < hldg efl;Psf] 7fpd“ f uP/
x/] s] f 5f} < Toxf“ s] bl] vG5 < hldgsf] ;tx df6fn] 5fk] s] f] x'G5 .
df6fsf] tx w/] } afSnf] xb“' g} . hldgsf] leqL efudf l;wf vGb} hfb“ f sx] L
tn uPkl5 r66\ fg el] 6G5 . hldgsf] ;txsf] ;a} efudf p:t} ks| f/sf]
df6f] xb“' g} . of] 7fpc“ g;' f/ km/s xG' 5 . df6f] gePsf] 7fpd“ f r66\ fg dfq
x'G5 . oL r66\ fgx¿ 6'lj|mP/ o;df ;8u] ns] f lrhx¿ ldl;G5g\ /
nfdf] ;dokl5 df6f] aG5 .

df6f] s] s] ldl;P/ ag]sf] x'G5, x/] s] f 5f} < s] df6f]df xfjf / kfgL
klg xG' 5 < df6fd] f r6\6fgsf ;;fgf s0fx¿, ;8u] n]sf j:t'x¿
-h}ljs kbfy_{ tyf xfjf / kfgL klg x'G5 . t/ ljleGg 7fpd“ f oL
j:t'x¿ km/s km/s dfqfdf kfOG5g\ . To;n} ] ljleGg 7fp“sf] df6f]
klg km/s km/s x'G5 .

hldgdf ePsf r6\6fgx¿ s'g} w]/} s8f / s'g} g/d vfnsf
xG' 5g\ . g/d r66\ fgx¿ ;lhn;} “u 6'ljm| g,] kmfl] /g] / k'm6\g] xG' 5g\ .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 57

s8f r66\ fg ;lhn};“u k'm6\g], sfl] /g] / 6l' j|mg] xb'“ g} g\ . r66\ fg w]/}
sfddf pkofu] ul/G5 . r66\ fg 3/ agfpg, kvf{n nufpg, dl" t{
agfpg, 3/sf] cf“ug tyf rf]sdf la5\ofpg ko| fu] ul/G5 .

ljm| ofsnfk !

Unf]a x/] /] To;df hldg / kfgLsf] efu sxf“ sxf“ 5, kTtf nufpm /
hldgeGbf kfgLsf] efu slt u'gf a9L 5, cGbfh u/ .

ljm| ofsnfk @

df6fd] f kfgL xG' 5 jf x“'bg} , yfxf kfpg ljleGg 7fp“sf] df6f] vg /
clnslt df6f] kftnf] sfuhdf kfs] f kf//] sx] L ;do /fv / x/] . sfuh
leh]sf] bl] vG5 < lsg xf]nf <

lj|mofsnfk #

sg' } 7fps“ f] df6fsf] 8Nnf lnP/ ;kmf lunf;sf] kfgLdf /fv . s]
ltdLn] df6fsf] 8Nnfaf6 kfgLsf kmfs] f dfly pl7/xs] f] bV] 5f} < lsg
o:tf] ePsf] xfn] f <

lj|mofsnfk $

cfgf j/k/ kfOg] ljleGg ks| f/sf r66\ fgsf 6j' m| fx¿ ;ªs\ ng u/ .
ltgLx¿nfO{ Psn] csfn{] fO{ sf/] . hg' rflx“ sfl] /G5, Tof] g/d r66\ fg xf]
/ gsfl] /g] rflx“ s8f r66\ fg xf] . o;/L s8f / g/d r66\ fg 56' o\ fpm .

58 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fp“df l7s pTt/ 5fg]/ e/ M
-s_ kY[ jLdf ePsf] hldgsf] efunfO{ ==================== elgG5 .
-hn d08n, :yn d08n, jfo' d08n_
-v_ k[YjLsf] ;txsf] rf/ v08sf] =================== v08 kfgLsf] efu 5 .
-Ps, b'O{, ltg_
-u_ r66\ fgsf] s8fkg ======================= yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
-x]//] , 5fd/] , sf]/]/÷sf6] o\ fP/_

@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pTt/ n]v M
-s_ k[YjLsf] cfsf/ s:tf] 5 <
-v_ hnd08ndf kfgLsf s'g sg' efu k5{g\ <
-u_ df6fdf kfOg] lrhx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-3_ hldgdf df6fsf] txeGbf tn s] /xs] f] xG' 5 <
-ª_ r66\ fg s] s] sfddf ko| f]u ul/G5 <
-r_ r66\ fgsf] s8fkg s;/L kTtf nufOG5 <

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 59

kf7 !%

;"rgf / ;"rgf kj| fxsf ;fwgx¿

xfdLx¿ ;u“ } a:bf Ps cfk;df s'/fsfgL u5f{+}“ . s/' f ubf{ sltko
s/' fx¿af/] c¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbG5f}“ eg] cfkm" n] klg c¿af6 hfgsf/L
kf| Kt u5f{“+} . t/ xfdL 6f9f 5f“} eg] tL s/' fx¿af/] s;/L hfgsf/L
k|fKt u5f+}{“ <
xfdLn] cfk\mgf] 7fps“ f], j/k/sf] / 6f9fsf] ljleGg hfgsf/L lr7L,
/l] 8of], 6]lnlehg, kq klqsf tyf 6l] nkmfg] af6 kfp“5f“} .
ljleGg s'/f tyf 36gfx¿sf] hfgsf/LnfO{ ;"rgf elgG5 . lr7L,
/]l8of], 6]lnlehg, kqklqsf tyf 6]lnkmfg] ;r" gfsf ;fwg x'g\ .
oLafx]s ;r" gfsf ;fwgx¿ c¿ klg 5g\ .

60 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

lj|mofsnfk !

kf7sf] ;?' df ;"rgfsf sx] L ;fwgx¿sf lrq lbOPsf 5g\ . tL ;fwgx¿
s] s] xg' \, lrg / ltgsf] gfd atfpm .

lj|mofsnfk @

kf7sf] ;'?df lbOPsf ;"rgfsf kT| os] ;fwgsf lrqx¿n] s] s] ;"rgf
lbPsf 5g\, k9 / ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k:| t't u/ .

ljm| ofsnfk #

s] ltdLn] 6]lnkmf]gaf6 s'/f u/]sf 5f} < 6l] nkmfg] af6 s'/f ubf{ xfdL
csf]{ JolSt;u“ af]N5f“} eg] p;n] af]ns] f] klg ;G' 5f“} . o;/L 6]lnkmfg] af6
xfdL Ps} k6sdf ;r" gf lng] / lbg] b'j} sfd u5f{“} . o; sf/0f 6l] nkmf]
g bO' {tkmL{ ;r" gfsf] ;fwg xf] . t/ lr7Laf6 eg] 6l] nkmf]gaf6 h:tf]
Ps} k6sdf bO' {tkmL{ ;r" gf cfbfg kb| fg x“'b}g . To;n} ] lr7L PstkmL{
;r" gfsf] ;fwg xf] .

ca /l] 8of] / kq klqsf PstkmL{ jf b'O{tkmL{ ;"rgfsf ;fwgx¿dWo] s'g
xg' ,\ ;fyLx¿;u“ ;dx" df 5nkmn u/ / sIffdf k|:tt' u/ .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 61

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ n]v M

-s_ ;r" gf eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ ;"rgf kj| fxsf sg' } ltg cf6] f ;fwgx¿sf] gfd n]v .

-u_ ltd|f] ljBfnodf ca bf];|f] 3G6L sIff ;'? eof] eg]/ s]n]
;"rgf lbG5 <

-3_ 6l] nkmfg] nfO{ bO' t{ kmL{ ;r" gfsf] ;fwg lsg elgG5 <

@= ltdf| ] ljBfno jf 3/df ePsf] Pp6f klqsf k9 . To; klqsfaf6
ltdLn] yfxf kfPsf s'g} b'O{ cf6] f s/' fx¿ cfkm\ gf] sfkLdf ;f/
/ sIffdf k|:t't u/ .

#= ltdf| 3/df jf j/k/ alh/xs] f] /l] 8of] ;g' . ltdLn] /l] 8ofa] f6
;g' s] f] sg' } Pp6f s/' f cfkm\ gf] sfkLdf ;f/ / sIffdf k:| tt' u/ .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g
o; kf7sf] ;?' df ljBfyLx{ ¿;u“ ljBfnodf ahfOg] 3G6Ln] lbg] ljleGg ;r" gfx¿ -h:t} M klxnf]
3G6L ;lsPsf], vfhf ;do ;?' ePsf], 56' 6\ L ePsf] cflb pbfx/0fx¿_ af/] 5nkmn ug'x{ f;] \ .
e/;s ;fdfGo 1fg jf zl} Ifs s'/fx¿ jf cltl/St ljm| ofsnfk;“u ;DalGwt s/' fx¿ ePsf] s'g}
klqsf nu]/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ bv] fpgx' f];\ / To;af6 s] s] s'/fx¿ jf ;"rgfx¿_ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5,
5nkmn ub{} ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ klqsfsf dfWodaf6 ljleGg ;r" gfx¿ yfxf kfpg ;lsg] s/' f :ki6 kfgx{' f;] \ .
;Dej ePdf kf7df plNnlvt ;r" gfsf cGo ;fwgx¿ klg k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ / ltgLx¿n]
klg ;"rgf k|jfx u5{g\ eGg] s/' f :ki6 kfg'x{ f;] \ .
ljBfyLx{ ¿af6 kf7df pNn]v ePsf ;"rgfsf ;fwgx¿sf cltl/St cGo ;fwgx¿ -h:t} M dfOs,
6]lnlehg, sDKo6' / cflb_ af/] klg lh1f;f k|s6 ePsf] v08df ltgLx¿nfO{ pT;flxt ug{x' f;] \ /
To:tf ;fwgx¿af/] dflyNnf sIffx¿df lj:t[t cWoog ug{ kfOg] s'/f :ki6 ug'{xf];\ .

62 d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

kf7 !^

xfdf| s]xL :yfgLo kl| jlwx¿

xfd|f] j/k/ w]/} k|sf/sf j:t'x¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] s]xL j:t'x¿
xfdL ko| f]u u5f}{+“ . sx] L j:t'x¿nfO{ sfd gnfUg] kmfx] f]/ j:t' egL
kmfN5f“} . t/ o:tf lrhx¿ ;a} k6Ss} sfd gnfUg] xb'“ }gg\ . k|foMh;f]
xfdf| efG5fsf]7faf6 lg:sg] kmfx] f]/af6 dn agfpg ;lsG5 . o;u} /L
rkLa{ f6 tyf uf]7af6 lg:sg] kmfx] f]/af6 Uof; agfpg ;lsG5 .

sDkf:] 6 dn

lrqdf b]vfP h:t} Pp6f vfN8fdf ;8u] n]sf t/sf/L, pla|Psf] h7' f]
vfg]s'/f, sfd gnfUg] emf/kftx¿ cflb hDdf ugk'{ 5{ . s]xL lbgkl5

tL ;a} s'lxP/ dn aG5 . o:tf] dnnfO{ sDkf:] 6 dn elgG5 .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 63

sDkf]:6 dn agfpb“ f x'g] kmfObfx¿ o; ks| f/ 5g\ M
sl' xg] vfnsf ljleGg j:tx' ¿ sg' } vfN8fdf hDdf ugk{' 5{ . o;n] ubf{
tL j:tx' ¿ 5l/g kfpb“ g} g\ / j/k/sf] jftfj/0f kmf]xf/] x“b' g} .
sDkf]:6 dn la?jfsf nflu w/] } /fd|f] dn xf] . o;df la?jf xs' g{ sf
nflu cfjZos lrhx¿ k|z:t x'G5g\ .
To;} kmflng] lrhaf6 of] dn agfpg ;lsG5 . To;n} ] /f;folgsdn
lsGbf x'g] vr{ arfpg ;lsG5 .

lj|mofsnfk !

ltd|f] j/k/ sDkf]:6 dn agfPsf] 7fp“df hfpm . Toxf“ s] s:tf
j:tx' ¿ hDdf ul/Psf 5g,\ To; 3/sf] sg' } 7n' f] dflg;;“u ;fw] .
ltdLn] yfxf kfPsf s'/fx¿ sIffdf atfpm .

ufa] / Uof“;

s] ltdLn] uf]a/Uo“f;af/] ;g' ]sf 5f} < ufO{, e;“} L tyf cGo hgfj/sf]
lb;f tyf dflg;sf] lb;fnfO{ Pp6f vfN8fdf hDdf ul//fVbf To;af6
Uof; lg:sG5 . o:tf] Uof“;nfO{ uf]a/Uof“; elgG5 . o;nfO{ lahn' L
aTtL afNg, vfgs] /' f ksfpg / kfgL ttfpg k|ofu] ul/G5 .

ljm| ofsnfk @

j/k/ st} ufa] /Uof;“ k|of]u u/]sf] 3/ 5 eg] To; 3/df hfpm . To;
3/sf s'g} 7n' f dflg;;“u uf]a/ Uof“; s;/L lgsfln“bf] /x5] , To;af/]
;fw] / a´' . ltdLn] yfxf kfPsf s/' fx¿ sIffdf atfpm . ufa] / Uof;“ af6
x'g] kmfObfx¿af/] ;fyLx¿;“u ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/ / sIffdf atfpm .

64 d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

;fg nufpg'

xfdL 3/df tyf k;ndf ljleGg sf6g\ ] cfh} f/x¿ ko| fu] u5f“{} . o:tf
cf}hf/x¿ k|foMh;f] kmnfdaf6 ags] f x'G5g\ . tn lrqdf lbOPsf cf}
hf/x¿ lrg . ltgLx¿ s] sfdsf nflu ko| fu] ul/G5g,\ ;fyLx¿;u“
5nkmn u/ / atfpm .

o:tf cf}hf/x¿nfO{ w/] } ko| f]u ul/;sk] l5 logLx¿sf] wf/ jm| dzM
lvOG5 / /fdf| ];u“ sf6b\ }gg\ . wf/ lvOPsf] cf}hf/nfO{ ;fg nufP/
k]ml/ wfl/nf] agfOG5 .

tn lbOPsf] lrq x/] . lrqdf cfh} f/x¿nfO{ ;fg nufO/fvs] f] bl] vG5 .

lj|mofsnfk # 65

Pp6f k/' fgf] s}“rL jf wf/
lvOPsf] s}r“ L / Pp6f gof“
wfl/nf] s}“rL n]pm . b'j}
s}“rLx¿n] kfn}kfnf] sfd
gnfUg] sfuhsf] 6'j|mf jf
sk8fsf] 6j' m| f sf6 . s'g
s}“rLn] ;lhnf];“u / /fd/| L
sf6\of], atfpm .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

cfh} f/df ;fg nufpb“ f xg' ] kmfObfx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
;fg nufPsf] cf}hf/n] lrhlah /fd/| L sf65\ .
o:tf] cfh} f/n] sfd ug{ ;lhnf] xG' 5 .
wf/ lvOPsf] cfh} f/nfO{ ;fg nufP/ wfl/nf] agfpg ;lsG5 . o;/L
gof“ cfh} f/ lsGbf x'g] vr{ arfpg ;lsG5 .

vfg]s/' f /fVg] zLte08f/

xfdL ;an} fO{ vfgs] /' f rflxG5 . xfdL ljleGg vfgs] /' f vfG5f“} . xfdf|
vfg]s/' f rfdn, ux,'“ ds,} sfb] f] h:tf cGgx¿, ;fukft / t/sf/Lx¿,
kmnkm" nx¿, b'w, df5fdf;' cflb xg' \ . logLx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft 9ªu\ af6
e08f/0f ugk'{ 5{ gqeg] rf8“ } lau|]/ vfg gxg' ] xG' 5g\ .
cGgnfO{ ls/f gnfUg] / ;V' vf 7fp“df e08f/0f ug{'k5{ . o;}u/L
t/sf/L, kmnkm" n, bw' tyf df5fdf;n' fO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd tfhf /fVgnfO{
lr;f] 7fp“df /fVg'k5{ . xfd|f] bz] df klg ljleGg 7fp“df o:tf vfg]s/' f
w]/} dfqfdf e08f/0f ug{ 7'nf 7'nf sf]7f jf uf]bfdx¿ agfOPsf 5g\ .
oL sf]7f tyf ufb] fdx¿nfO{ a/km ko| fu] u/L jf lahn' Låf/f lgs} lr;f]
kfl/Psf] x'G5 . o:tf] lr;f] ufb] fd jf sf7] fnfO{ zLt e08f/ elgG5 .

cEof;

l7s eP √ / al] 7s eP x lrxg\ b]pm M

-s_ sfd gnfUg] vfgs] /' f tyf ´f/kft sl' xPkl5 sDkf:] 6 dn aG5 .
-v_ kmnfdsf 6j' |mf, l;;f, Knfl:6sx¿af6 klg sDkf:] 6 dn aG5 .

66 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

-u_ l;;f, 9ª' u\ f / Knfl:6saf6 klg uf]a/ Uof;“ lg:sG5 .
-3_ ufa] / Uof“; lgsfNg hgfj/sf] ufa] / k|of]u ul/G5 .

-ª_ wf/ lvOPsf] cfh} f/nfO{ wfl/nf] agfpg ;fg nufpgk' 5{ .
-r_ zLt e08f/nfO{ tftf] kf/]/ /flvPsf] x'G5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ n]v M

-s_ s:tf lrhx¿af6 sDkf]:6 dn agfOG5 <
-v_ sDkf]:6 dnaf6 x'g] s'g} bO' { cf]6f kmfObfx¿ n]v .
-u_ uf]a/Uof“;af6 xfdL s] s] sfd ug{ ;S5f}“ < s'g} b'O{
cf6] f sfd nv] .
-3_ wf/ lvOPsf] xl“ ;ofnfO{ wfl/nf] agfpg s] ugk'{ 5{ <

-ª_ zLt e08f/ egs] f] s] xf] <

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g

sDkf]:6 dn agfP/ ko| fu] ug{] kl/jf/af6 cfPsf s'g} ljBfyL{ sIffdf eP pgsf cg'ejx¿ sIffdf
k|:t't ug{ nufpgx' f];\ . ;Dej eP ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ sDkf:] 6 dn agfpg] 7fpd“ f nuL cjnfs] g
u/fpgx' f;] \ .

dfly pNn]v ul/P ´“} ufa] /Uof;“ k|ofu] ug]{ kl/jf/af6 cfPsf] s'g} ljBfyL{ sIffdf eP lghsf
cge' jx¿ sIffdf k:| tt' ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . ;Dej eP ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ufa] /Uof;“ ko| fu] ul/Psf] 7fp“df
nuL cjnf]sg u/fpg'xf;] \ .

tkfOs“{ f] 7fp“ j/k/ zLt e08f/ (Cold Storage) eP To;sf] pbfx/0f lbg'xf;] \ . a/kmsf] afs; (Ice
Box) tyf /]lk|mh/6] /df /flvPsf t/sf/L kmnk"mn, bw' , df5f, df;' cflb nfdf] ;do;Dd ;/' lIft /
fVg ;lsg] s/' f pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lbg ;lsG5 . o;u} /L o:tf vfgs] /' fx¿ udL{ df;} ddf rf8“ f] laug| ]
t/ hf8f] df};ddf sx] L ;do;Dd h:tfsf] t:t} /lx/xg] s'/f klg pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lbg ;lsG5 .

ljBfyLn{ fO{ wfl/nf xft xltof/af6 x'g ;Sg] ljleGg b3' 6{ gfx¿af/] hfgsf/L lbb“ } ltgaf6 ;/' lIft /xg]
tkm{ ;rt] u/fpgx' f;] \ .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 67

:jf:Yo lzIff

kf7 !

;kmf z/L/

dflysf] lrq cjnfs] g u/L s] s] sfd ePsf] 5 < 5nkmn u/ M

z/L/ ;kmf ePdf xfdL :j:y xG' 5f“} . lx8“ /] ljBfno hfb“ f, vN] bf / sfd
ubf{ z/L/df kl;gf cfp5“ . xfjfdf /xs] f wn' fsf s0fx¿ kl;gf;u“
6fl“ ;g uO{ z/L/df don hDg yfN5 . z/L/df hd]sf] donaf6 z/L/
kmfx] f]/ bl] vg] / uGxfpg] xG' 5 . z/L/df hds] f] kmf]xf]/ dn} f ;kmf
gubf{ /fu] nfUg ;S5 .

z/L/nfO{ ;kmf /fVg gx' fpgk' 5{ . ;do ;dodf gg'xfpb“ f 6fpsf]
/ z/L/df don hDg uO{ h'd|f kg{ ;S5g\ . g'xfp“bf 6fpsf],

68 d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

xft, v'6\6f, k]6nufot c¿ ;a} cª\u ;fag' / kfgLn] /fd/| L ;kmf
ugk{' 5{ . gx' fPkl5 ?dfnn] k5' L ;kmf sk8f nufpgk' b5{ .
v]ln;s]kl5 / sx] L sfd ul/;s]kl5 xftv'6\6f ;fag' kfgLn] wg' ]
ugk{' 5{ . vfgf vfgc' ufl8 xft /fd/| L w'g'k5{ . bft“ a'?; jf bltjgn]
lbglbg} df‰gk' 5{ . lbgsf] b'O{ k6s vfgf vfO;sk] l5 dGhg /fvL
a?' ;n] df‰bf bft“ / dv' ;kmf xG' 5 . ;do ;dodf xftsf] gª klg
sf6g\ k' 5{ . xftsf gª gsf6d] f gªdf kmfx] f/] hDdf eO{ vfgf vfb“ f Tof] kmfx] f/]
k6] df hfG5 . kmfx] f/] k6] df uPdf ljleGg /fu] x¿ nfUg ;S5g\ .

ljm| ofsnfk !

JolStut ;kmfOsf nflu s] s] ug{'k5,{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L eg M

-s_ lbglbg} laxfg lb;f lk;fa ul/;sk] l5 xftd'v========= .

-v_ vfgf vfg' cufl8 ;fa'g kfgLn] ======== wfP] / vfg'k5{ .

-u_ gª nfdf] ePkl5 ========================= k5{ .

-3_ z/L/df hds] f] kmfx] f/] d}nf x6fpg /fd|f;] “u ======= k5{ .

-ª_ bft“ ;kmf ug{ a'?; tyf ============= ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ .

lj|mofsnfk ! 69

ltd|f] sIffdf /xs] f ;fyLx¿ sf] s:tf /x]5g,\ cjnfs] g u/ M

-s_ xft v6' 6\ f ;kmf 5g,\ 5}gg\ <
-v_ xftsf gª s:tf 5g\ <
-u_ 6fpsf] ;kmf 5, 5}g <
-3_ z/L/df don hd]sf] 5, 5}g <

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

-ª_ bf“t ;kmf 5g\, 5}gg\ <

;as} f xft, v'6\6f, gª, 6fpsf,] z/L/ / bf“t x/] k] l5 ;kmf ePsfnfO{
yk8L ahfP/ wGojfb bp] m . ;kmf gePsfnfO{ efl] nbl] v ;kmf u/]/ cfpg
cg/' fw] u/, x} t.

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gsf] 5f6] s/Ldf hjfkm b]pm M

-s_ z/L/ s;/L d}nf] xG' 5 <

-v_ z/L/ ;kmf gePdf s] xG' 5 <

-u_ s] u/]df xfdLnfO{ /fu] nfUbg} < s'g} b'O{ cf6] f s'/f n]v .

-3_ z/L/sf] ;kmfO ug{ s] s] j:t' rflxG5 <

-ª_ z/L/sf s'g s'g cªu\ sf] b}lgs ;kmfO ugk{' 5{ <

@= hf]8f ldnfpm M

-s_ a'?; jf bltjg -s_ z/L/ k'\5g\

-v_ ;fag' kfgL -v_ skfn sfg] {

-u_ gªs6 -u_ gª sf6\g
-3_ ?dfn -3_ bf“t dfem\ g

-ª_ z/L/ ;kmf ug{

70 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

:jf:Yo ;Gb]z

laxfg an] s' f ;kmf kfgLn] cfv“ f ;kmf u/f,“} 6s« fd] f /fu] af6 arf“} .
bft“ ;kmf /fv] bft“ df ls/f nfUgaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .

lzIf0f lgb{]zg M
ljm| ofsnfk u/fp“bf lzIfsn] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ s/' f :ki6 kfl/lbg'xf;] \ .
dfl} vs eGg nufp“bf ;d"xaf6 Ps Ps hgfnfO{ eGg nufpgx' f];\ .
dv' wg' ,] xft wg' ,] bft“ dfem\ g] tl/sfx¿ ;Dej eP;Dd ko| fu] fTds tl/sfn] cEof; u/fpgx' f;] \ .
kf7sf lrqx¿sf] cjnfs] g tyf 5nkmn u/fO{ ljrf/ cfbfg kb| fg ug]{ jftfj/0fsf]
l;hg{ f ug{x' f];\ .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 71

kf7 @

Jofofd, cf/fd / kf];fs

z/L/nfO{ :j:y /fVg Jofofd rflxG5 . vN] bf, lx8“ b\ f / sfd ubf{ z/L/
sf cªu\ x¿sf] Jofofd xG' 5 . Jofofdn] z/L/ km' ltn{ f] / alnof] agfp5“ .
Jofofd laxfg, an] s' f jf km' ;b{ sf] sg' } Ps ;dodf ug{ ;lsG5 .

w]/} ;do;Dd v]Nbf, lx“8\bf / sfd ubf{ z/L/ yfS5 . ysfO
nfu]sf] a]nf z/L/nfO{ cf/fd lbgk' 5{ . lgbfp“bf jf cf/fd ubf{ z/L/
sf] ysfO d]l6G5 . xfdLn] b}lgs cf7 306fhlt ;'Tg] ug{k' 5{ .

v]ns'bn] klg Jofofdn] h:t} z/L/ km' lt{nf] agfp“5 . o;n] kfrg
zlSt a9fO{ vfgf vfg] ?lr a9fp5“ . xfdLn] k|ofu] ug]{ sk8f klg
:jf:Yosf nflu dxTTjk0" f{ xG' 5g\ . ;kmf / ;'lsnf] sk8f nufpgfn]
klg z/L/df /fu] nfUg kfpb“ }g .

xfdLn] k|of]u ug]{ sk8fx¿
df};dcg';f/ km/s x'G5g\ .
hf8f] df};ddf ko| f]u ug]{ sk8f
;kmf / afSnf] x'gk' 5{ . cf9] \g] /
cf5] o\ fpg] sk8fx¿ klg ;kmf /
afSnf] xg' 'k5{ . o:tf sk8fn]
lr;f]af6 arfp5“ .

udL{ { df;} ddf ;t' Lsf kftnf sk8f

72 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

nufpg ;lsG5 . ;t' Lsf xns' f nu' fn] z/L/nfO{ zLtn /fVg ;xofu] u5{ .
df};dcg;' f/sf cf9] g\ ,] cf5] o\ fpg] / nufpg] sk8f ;kmf /fvL k|ofu]
ug'k{ 5{ . ;kmf sk8fn] z/L/ :j:Yo / k'mlt{nf] agfpg ;xofu] u5{ .

tnsf lrqx¿ cjnfs] g u/L 5nkmn u/ M

udL{ofddf nufpg] nu' fx¿ hf8fo] fddf nufpg] nu' fx¿

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 73

lj|mofsnfk !

sIffdf ePsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ a/fa/ cf/fd, Jofofd / kf;] fs u/L ltg
;dx" ag / cf—cfgf] dxTTj nv] L sIffdf kb| z{g u/ .

ljm| ofsnfk !

tnsf s'/f  k9 / s] ubf{ s] xG' 5, eg M

syg s] xG' 5 < s] ug'{k5{ <

-s_ v]Nbf / bfl} 8“bf kl;gf cfp“5 / z/L/ ;kmf ug{'k5{ .

z/L/ uGxfp5“ .

-v_ z/L/ ;kmf gubf{ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++
-u_ udL{df afSnf
sk8f nufpb“ f + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +++++++++++++++++++

-3_ ;do ldnfP/

g;'td] f ++++++++++++++++++++++

lj|mofsnfk !

tnsf] tflnsfdf udL{df nufpg] / hf8f]df nufpg] s'g} kf“r kfr“ cf6] f
sk8fx¿sf] ;r" L tof/ u/L sIffdf k|:t't u/ M

hf8f]df nufpg] udL{df nufpg]
=================== ==================
=================== ==================

74 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

!= 5f]6f] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ Jofofd egs] f] s] xf] <

-v_ Jofofd lsg ug'k{ 5{ <
-u_ ysfO nfUbf ltdL s;/L cf/fd u5f}{ <
-3_ ltdL an] s' f slt 306f ;'T5f} <
-ª_ hf8fa] f6 aRg s] s:tf sk8f nufp“5f} <
-r_ z/L/nfO{ km' lt{nf] agfpg s] ug'{k5{ <

@= l7s jfSodf √ / a]l7s jfSodf x lrxg\ nufpm M
-s_ z/L/ :jR5 /fVg Jofofd ug{'k5{ <

-v_ w]/} ;do ;'Tg' /fd|f] xf] .

-u_ cf/fd ul/;sk] l5 /fd|/L sfd ug{ sl7g x'G5 .

-3_ hf8f] ofddf xNsf ;t' Lsf sk8f nufp“bf /fd|f] x'G5 .

-ª_ Jofofd 7'nf JolStsf nflu dfq cfjZos k5{ .

#= ltd|f] ;db' fodf hf8f] / udL{df nufpg] kfr“ kf“r cf6] f sk8fsf]
gfd n]vL tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M

hf8fd] f nufpg] udLd{ f nufpg]

!= !=

@= @=

#= #=

$= $=

%= %=

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 75

kf7 #

;kmf 3/, 5/l5d]s / 6fn]

;kmf 3/ /fdf| ] x'G5 / ;a}n] dg k/fp5“ g\ . ;as} f] 3/ ;kmf ePdf 5/
l5ds] tyf 6fn] ;kmf xG' 5 . ;kmf 6fn] df ;kmf jftfj/0f x'G5 . ;kmf /
:jR5 jftfj/0f ePsf] 3/ / 6fn] df ;?jf /fu] nfUg] sd ;Defjgf
x'G5 . :j:y hLjgsf nflu :jR5 jftfj/0f rflxG5 .
3/df kb} f x'g] kmfx] f/] nfO{ hyfefaL kmfNbf 3/ tyf 6fn] kmf]xf/]
xG' 5 . hds] f] kmfx] f]/ kfgLdf nfdv6' \6] a9\g] / c¿ /fu] sf sL6f0fx' ¿
klg a9\5g\ . kmf]xf/] af6 6f]nsf] jftfj/0f g} bl" ift x'G5 . 3/ ;kmf /
fVg kmfx] f/] nfO{ 6fs] /L jf vf8ndf hDdf ugk{' 5{ . sl' xg] kmfx] f/] af6 sDkf:] 6

76 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

dn agfpg ;lsG5 . sDkf:] 6 dn s/;] faf/L / vt] LkftLsf nflu pTtd
xG' 5 . gsl' xg] kmfx] f/] d}nfnfO{ 56' 6\ } hDdf ugk{' 5{ . kmf]xf]/ dn} f
/fd|f];u“ Joj:yfkg u/d] f 3/, 5/l5ds] / 6fn] ;kmf x'G5 .

rkL{df lb;f lk;fa ubf{ 3/ tyf 6f]n ;kmf xG' 5 . rkL{ kmf]xf/]
eof] eg] 3/ / 6fn] sf] jftfj/0f bl" ift x'G5 . rkL{df lb;f lk;fa
ul/;s]kl5 kfgL /fv/] ;kmf ugk{' 5{ . ;do ;dodf sL6f0f' gfzs
´f]nn] rkL{ ;kmf ug'{k5{ . rkL{sf] Kjfndf sfuh, Knfl:6s,
sf7 / sk8fsf 6j' m| fx¿ xfNg' xb'“ }g . o;n] rkLs{ f] Kjfn aGb
u5{ . rkL{ ;kmf ug{ gfOngsf] nfdf] la8 ePsf] a?' ; jf v/]6f]
ko| f]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

vfg]kfgLsf] ;f| t] / wf/f j/k/ ;kmf /fVgk' 5{ . wf/f j/k/ ;fag'
/ :ofDk'sf] vf]n, k/fn, v/fgL, cu“ f/ h:tf kmfx] f/] kmfNg' x'b“ g} .
g'xfpb“ f / sk8f wb“' f lg:ss] f dn} f ;kmf gubf{ wf/f kmfx] f]/ / b"lift
xG' 5 . wf/f v'nf 5f8b\ f kfgL au/] v]/ hfG5 . sfd ;lsPkl5
wf/f aGb ugk'{ 5{ .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 77

lj|mofsnfk !

kf7sf lrqx¿af/] ;dx" df 5nkmn u/L tnsf kZ| gsf pTt/ eg M
-s_ 3/ / 6f]nsf] ;kmfO ug{ s] s] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 <
-v_ rkLd{ f s] s] lrh lsg /flvPsf 5g\ <
-u_ wf/f j/k/ lsg ;kmf ugk{' b{5 <
-3_ kf7sf lrqdf dflg;x¿ s] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ <

lj|mofsnfk !

tnsf ljifodf ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L 6fn] L gt] fn] sf/0f atfpm M
;dx" -s_ M 3/ tyf 6fn] kmf]xf]/ x'g] s'g} ltg sf/0fx¿
;d"x -v_ M 3/ tyf 6fn] ;kmf ug{] s'g} bO' { tl/sf
;d"x -u_ M 3/ tyf 6f]n kmfx] f]/af6 x'g] sg' } ltg xflgx¿
;dx" -3_ M rkL{ ;kmf ug]{ b'O{ tl/sfx¿ 
;dx" -ª_ M kfgLsf] ;f| t] ko| fu] ubf{ Wofg lbgk' g{] sg' } bO' { tl/sf

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f6] s/Ldf pTt/ bp] m M
-s_ s:tf] 3/ / 6f]n ;an} ] dg k/fp“5g\ <
-v_ s] ubf{ 3/ / 6f]n ;kmf x'G5 <

78 d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

-u_ s] eof] eg] 6fn] sf] jftfj/0f :jR5 x'G5 <
-3_ rkL{ ;kmf /fVg s] ug'{k5{ <
-ª_ wf/f lsg kmf]xf]/ ug'{ x“b' }g <

@= tnsf egfOdf cfkm\ gf] ;xdlt jf c;xdlt hgfO{ sf/0f eg M
-s_ d cfÇgf] sf7] fsf] ;kmfO cfk}m“ u5{' .
-v_ d 3/sf] ;kmfO ug{ ;xofu] ulb{g“ .
-u_ d sIffsf]7f / cGo 7fpd“ f hyfefaL kmf]xf/] kmflNbg“ .
-3_ 3/ kmf]xf/] eof] eg] 5/l5ds] / 6fn] kmf]xf]/ xG' 5 .
-ª_ rkL{ kmf]xf/] /fVg' xb“' }g .
-r_ 6f]nsf] ;kmfO ;a}n] ldn]/ ug{'k5{ .
-5_ 3/ / 6f]nsf] jftfj/0f :jR5 /fVgk' 5{ .

:jf:Yo ;Gb]z

3/ / ljBfno jl/kl/ ;kmf u/f}“
kmfx] f/] ;w“} vf8ndf kmfnf,“} jftfj/0f ;kmf /fvf“} .

lzIf0f lgb{z] g M 79

ljm| ofsnfk u/fpb“ f lzIfsn] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ /fdf| ;] u“ 5nkmn ugk{' g{] s/' f :ki6 kfl/lbgx' f;] \ .
df}lvs ¿kdf eGg nufpb“ f ;d"xaf6 Ps Ps hgfnfO{ eGg nufpgx' f];\ .
cEof; u/fp“bf df}lvs / lnlvt b'j} tl/sf ckgfpg'xf;] \ .
:jf:Yo ;Gb]zx¿ ljBfyL{x¿af6 n]vfO{ sIffsf]7fdf 6f“:g nufpgx' f];\ .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

kf7 $

vfg]s'/fsf] ;f| ]t

tnsf lrq cjnf]sg u/L s] s] 5g\, eg M

xfdL vfgf gvfO{ afR“ g ;Sbg} f}“ . xfdL w]/} y/Lsf vfg]s/' f vfG5f“} .
xfdf| dV' o vfg]s/' fx¿ cGg, ;fukft / kmnkm" naf6 tof/ x'G5g\ .
b'w tyf df;' h:tf vfg]s'/f hgfj/af6 k|fKt xG' 5g\ .
ufO{ / e“};Ln] bw' lbG5g\ . b'waf6 bxL, dxL, l3p / gf}gL aG5g\ .
bw' / l3paf6 y/Ly/Lsf ld7fOx{ ¿ klg aG5g\ . xf;“ / sv' /' fn] km' n
kf5{g\ . e8] f, v;L, s'v/' f, /fu“ f, agn] , aª\u/' , df5f / cGo hgfj/
x¿sf df;' vfgfdf ko| fu] xG' 5g\ . xfdf| vfgs] /' fx¿ sg' } hgfj/af6
/ sg' } af6] la?jfaf6 kf| Kt xG' 5g\ . hgfj/af6 kf| Kt x'g] vfgfx¿df
df;', b'w, cG8f, l3p, gfg} L cflb x'g\ . af6] la?jfaf6 cGg, kmnkm" n,
t/sf/L, ;fukft, u8] fu8' L cflb vfgfx¿ k|fKt xG' 5g\ . logLx¿
v]taf/Ldf pAhG5g\ .

80 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

xfd|f] cfkm\ gf] ufp“ / ;db' fodf kfOg] vfg]s'/fx¿ efu} f]lns cj:yf
/ df;} dsf sf/0fn] km/s xG' 5g\ . xfdLn] cfÇgf] j/k/ kfOg] vfg]
s/' f ldnfP/ vfgk' 5{ . tfhf / ;kmf vfg]s'/f vfg' :jf:Yosf nflu
kmfObfhgs x'G5 . ahf/df kfOg] dx“uf tof/L vfgs] '/f lsg/] vfg]
afgL /fdf| ] xfO] g . o:tf vfgs] /' f :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s xg' ;S5g\ .

xfdLn] df};dcg;' f/sf kx“n] f kmnkm' n / xl/of ;fukft vfgk' 5{ .
;fukft, ssn{ f,] ufh/, cf“k, dj] f, km;L{ ;do ;dodf vfg'k5{ . o:tf
vfg]s'/fn] cf“vfnfO{ :j:y /fV5 .

ljm| ofsnfk !

ltdf| ] 7fp“df kfOg] vfg]s/' fsf] gfdsf] ;"rL agfpm . To;kl5 cfk\mgf]
glhssf] ;fyLnfO{ tL vfgs] /' fx¿ k|fKt xg' ] ;f| t] sf] gfd n]Vg nufpm .

vfgs] '/fsf] gfd sxfa“ f6 kfOG5 <

!= ================================= ========================================

@= ================================= ========================================

#= ================================= ========================================

ljm| ofsnfk !

ltd|f] 3/df vfOg] vfgs] '/fdWo] hgfj/af6 kfOg] / af6] la?jfaf6 kfOg]
vfg]s/' fx¿ tflnsf agfO{ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz]{ g M

kf7df lbOPsf lrqx¿af/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf;] \ . ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ hgfj/ / la?jfaf6 kf| Kt xg' ] bO' {
rf/ cf6] f vfgs] /' fx¿ bv] fpgx' f;] \ . ljm| ofsnfk u/fpb“ f ljBfyLx{ ¿ ;ljm| o agfO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg
u/fpgx' f];\ . lzIf0f l;sfO lj|mofsnfknfO{ vfg]s'/fsf ;|ft] / xl/of ;fukft, kx“n] f] kmnkm" n cflb

vfg'k5{ eGg] s/' fdf sl] Gbt| u/fpg'xf;] \ .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 81

cEof;

!= tnsf jfSox¿df l7s jfSo dfq sfkLdf ;f/ M
-s_ xfdLn] kxn“] f kmnk"mn / xl/of ;fukft vfgk' 5{ .
-v_ df5fdf;' dfq vfgfn] cf“vf tl] hnf] xG' 5 .
-u_ bw' hgfj/af6 kf| Kt xg' ] vfgf xf] .
-3_ cfk“ af6] la?jfaf6 k|fKt xg' ] vfgf xf] .
-ª_ cG8f hgfj/af6 kf| Kt x'g] vfgf xf] .
@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf pTt/ nv] M
-s_ xfdL vfgf sxf“ sxf“af6 kf| Kt u5f“}{ <
-v_ b'waf6 s] s] aG5 < sg' } kf“r cf]6f j:ts' f] gfd nv] .
-u_ cf“vf :j:y /fVg s:tf vfgf vfg'k5{ <
-3_ ahf/df kfOg] tof/L vfgf lsg xflg sf/s x'g ;S5g\ <

bO' { cf]6f sf/0fx¿ nv] .

:jf:Yo ;Gbz]

cGg, bfn, t/sf/L ldnfP/ vfcf},“ z/L/ :j:y agfcf“} .

82 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

kf7 %

;/' lIft vfgs] '/f

xfdL lg/fu] L aGg ;/' lIft vfgs] /' f vfgk' 5{ . xfdLn] l7s l7s ;dodf
vfgf vfgk' 5{ . w/] } vfgf vfb“ f ckr xG' 5 . vfgf vfb“ f xtf/ gu/L
la:tf/} rkfP/ vfg'k5{ . ;w}“ ;kmf / tfhf vfgs] '/f dfq vfgk' 5{ .
kmfx] f]/, sfr“ f / ;8u] n]sf vfg]s'/f vfgfn] /f]u nfU5 . To;n} ] vfg]
s'/fnfO{ l´“uf, ;fª\nf, d;' f / w'nf] cflbaf6 hfu] fpgk' 5{ .

;'/lIft vfgs] '/fsf nflu M

;fu;AhL /fd/| L kvfn]/
ksfpgk' 5{ .

kmnkm" n /fd/| L wf]P/ dfq vfg'k5{ .

vfgc' l3 / vfgf vfPkl5 83
xft d'v ;kmfl;t wg' 'k5{ .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

vfgs] /' f /fVg] ef8“ fx¿
;kmf xg' k' 5{ .

b'w /fd|/L pdfn]/ vfgk' 5{ .

vfgs] /' f /fd/| L 5f]k/] /fVgk' 5{ .

xfdf| ] z/L/ :j:y / alnof] agfpg vfgf kfl] ;nf] x'gk' 5{ . df5fdf;',
u]8fu'8L, b'w, cGgnufot xl/of ;fukft / kmnk"mnx¿ kf]l;nf
xG' 5g\ . kf]l;nf vfg]s'/f gePdf z/L/nfO{ zlSt k|fKt x“b' }g . kfi] fs
tTTjsf] sdLaf6 z/L/sf cªu\ x¿sf] /fd|/L ljsf; xg' kfp“b}g .

xfdLn] ;a} ks| f/sf vfgs] /' f ldnfP/ vfgk' 5{ . ljleGg ks| f/sf vfgs] /' fdf
ljleGg kfi] fs tTTjx¿ xG' 5g\ . z/L/nfO{ jl[ ¢ ug,{] zlSt lbg] / ;/' Iff ug{]
kfl} i6s tTTj vfgfaf6 kf| Kt xG' 5 . To;n} ] bfn, eft, t/sf/L / bw' vfgk' 5{ .
xl/of ;fukft, af8] L, s/n] f, l;dL cflbsf] t/sf/L vfgk' 5{ . xfdLn]
slxn]sfxL“ df;,' df5f, cG8f cflb vfg'k5{ . xfd|f] z/L/sf] nflu
df;} dcg';f/sf kmnkm" n, h:t} M :ofp, ;'Gtnf, cfk“ , dj] f, cDaf, s]/f
cflb klg cfjZos k5{ .

ahf/df kfOg] tof/L vfgs] '/fx¿eGbf 3/d} f tof/ ul/Psf tfhf vfg]
s/' f vfg' :jf:Yosf nflu kmfObfhgs xG' 5 . vfg]s/' fx¿ tof/ u/L
w/] } ;do;Dd /fVgfn] ltgdf ePsf kfl} i6s tTTjx¿ gi6 x'G5g\ .

84 d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

lj|mofsnfk !

;/' lIft vfgs] /' f vfgsf nflu xfdLx¿n] s] s] ug{ ;S5f}“ < ;d"xdf
5nkmn u/L sIffdf k:| t't u/ .

lj|mofsnfk @

ltdf| ] ljBfno jl/kl/ s'g s'g kmnkm" nsf af]6 kfOG5g\ / tL s'g s'g
df;} ddf kmN5g\, ;"rL agfpm .

cEof;

!= 5f6] f ] hjfkm nv] M
-s_ s] ePdf z/L/ b'Anf] / kftnf] b]lvG5 <
-v_ xfdL :j:y / km' ltn{ f] aGg s:tf vfgs] '/f vfg'k5{ <
-u_ xl/of] ;fukft / kx“]nf] kmnk"mn lsg vfg'k5{ <
@= tnsf s'/fx¿ l7s÷a]l7s 56' \ofpm M
-s_ vfg]s/' fn] xfdLnfO{ tfut lbG5 .
-v_ xfdLn] vfg'cl3 / kl5 xftd'v ;kmfl;t wg' k' 5{ .
-u_ xl/of] ;fukft / kx“n] f kmnkm" n vfPdf /f]u nfU5 .

:jf:Yo ;Gb]z

sf“r} vfOg] kmnk"mn, t/sf/L kvfn]/ dfq} vfcf“} .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

lrq cjnf]sg u/fO{ kl| tlj|mof dfUgx' f;] \ . kf7cg';f/ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf 3/df s] s] ul/G5 < n]Vg /
eGg k|l] /t ugx'{ f];\ . ;/' lIft vfgs] '/f / :j:y z/L/af/] atfpgx' f;] \ .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 85

kf7 ^

/f]usf sf/0f / nIf0f

tnsf lrqdf sg' sg' dflg;nfO{ s] s] /fu] nfus] f] 5 < lzIfsnfO{ eg M

kvfnf bfb'/f Ifo/f]u

kfl] nof] Eofu't] /f]u wg'i6ª\sf/

xfd|f] z/L/df ljleGg sf/0fn] /f]u nfUg ;S5 . /f]u nfu]kl5 vfg
dg nfUb}g / v]Ng klg dg nfUbg} .

af;L, l´“uf eGs]sf / ;8]uns] f vfgf vfg' x“b' }g . o:tf] vfgf /
kmfx] f]/ kfgL lkPdf cfp,“ emf8f kvfnfh:tf /fu] nfUg ;S5g\ . /f]uLn]
xf5\o'“ ubf{, b"lift xfjf k}mlnb“ f bfb'/f, 7p] nf, Ifo/f]u, kf]lnof,] Eofut' ]
/fu] h:tf ;?jf /f]ux¿ ;5g{ \ .

86 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

z/L/ ;kmf gubf{ / kmfx] f/] afgL Jojxf/af6 klg /fu] nfUg ;S5 .
;dodf nufpgk' g{] vfk] sf] dfqf k/" f gul/Pdf klg /f]u nfUg ;S5 .

slxns] fxL“ ljleGg ks| f/sf ls/fx¿n] 6fS] bf klg /fu] nfUg ;S5 .

/fu] nfUbf ljleGg lsl;dsf nIf0fx¿ bv] fk5g{ \ . emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf]
an] f k]6 b'Vg], l5gl5gdf kftnf] lb;f nfUg] xG' 5 . cfp“ kbf{ lb;fdf
lrKnf] kbfy{ b]lvgs' f ;fy} /ut klg b]lvg] x'G5 . kfl] nof] nfud] f
xftv'66\ f grNg] / kIf3ft x'g] xG' 5 . lgdf]lgofn] ;f; km] g{ ufxf| ] x'g,]
£of/ £of/ x'g], Hj/f] cfpg] x'G5 .

bfb'/f / 7]pnf p:t} b]lvg] b'O{ cnu cnu /f]u x'g\ . bfb/' f cfPsf]
a]nf cfv“ f /ftf] xg' ,] lhpdf ;fgf ;fgf lald/f lg:sG5g\ . 7]pnf
nfud] f lhpel/ /ftf/ftf kmfs] fx¿ cfpg] / lrnfpg] x'G5 .

sltko /fu] x¿ g;g{] vfnsf xG' 5g\ . /Strfk, SofG;/ / dw'dx] h:tf
/f]ux¿ Ps hgfaf6 csf{] JolStnfO{ ;b{g} . xfdLn] lgoldt ¿kdf
zf/Ll/s Jofofd u/g] f}“ / plrt vfgkfg u/g] f“} eg] o:tf /fu] x¿ nfUg
;S5g\ . emf8f kvfnf, bfb/' f, 7]pnf, Eofut' ] /f]u cflb Ps JolStaf6
csf{d] f ;b{5g\ .

d6' s' f] /fu] nfus] f] JolStsf] d6' ' bV' g,] /Strfk 36a9 xg' ,] l/u“ 6f nfUg]
x'G5 . dwd' x] nfus] f JolStnfO{ lk;fa w/] } k6s x'g] / sdhf]/ x'g]
x'G5 . t/ oL /f]u Ps JolStaf6 csf]{df ;bg}{ g\ . bd, jfy, unuf“8
klg g;g]{ /f]u xg' \ .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 87

ljm| ofsnfk !
tn lbOPsf nIF0fx¿sf cfwf/df sg' /fu] xf,] ;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn u/L kTtf
nufpm / cfk\mgf] sfkLdf n]v M

-s_ lhpel/ /ftf /ftf kmf]sfx¿ cfpg,] lrnfpg]
-v_ w/] } k6s lk;fa x'g], sdhf]/ x'g]
-u_ xftv'6\6f ;'Sg], kIf3ft xg' ]
-3_ ;f; k]mg{ uf/f] xg' ,] £of/ £of/ x'g]
-ª_ lb;fdf /ut / lrKnf] kbfy{ b]lvg]

lj|mofsnfk !

ljleGg /fu] x¿ nfus] f JolStx¿sf] 5'66\ f5'66\ } lrq agfO{ sIffsf7] fdf
6f;“ .

lj|mofsnfk !

/f]usf cfwf/df nIf0f eGg] / nIf0fsf cfwf/df /fu] sf] gfd eGg]
xflh/L hjfkm kl| tofl] utf sIffdf ;fyLx¿ ;d"x ;dx" agfO{ vn] .

ljm| ofsnfk !

cfk\mgf] sIffsf ;fyLx¿ s;nfO{ s] /fu] nflu;ss] f] 5, ;f]w/] ;"rL
agfpm .

88 d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gsf ] hjfkm nv] M
-s_ /f]u nfUg ;Sg] sg' } b'O{ sf/0f n]v .
-v_ 7p] nf nfUbf bv] fkg]{ sg' } bO' { nIf0f nv] .
-u_ cfp“ nfUbf bv] fkg]{ s'g} bO' { nIf0f n]v .
-3_ bfb'/f s] sf/0fn] nfU5 <
-ª_ d6' 'sf] /fu] nfUbf x'g] sg' } bO' { nIf0f nv] .

@= hf8] f ldnfpm M
-s_ emf8f kvfnf -s_ /Strfk
-v_ bfb'/f -v_ ls/f
-u_ d'6'sf] /f]u -u_ g;g]{ /fu]
-3_ bd -3_ lk;fa w]/} nfUg] /f]u
-ª_ dwd' ]x -ª_ af;L vfg]s/' f
-r_ b"lift xfjf

:jf:Yo ;Gb]z

kmfx] f/] kfgLn] emf8f kvfnf, cfp,“ hs' f, nt' f] h:tf ;?jf /fu]
nfU5g\ . To;n} ] ;w“} ;kmf / pdfns] f] kfgL vfcf,“} ;?jf /fu] af6 arf“} .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g
ljbo\ fyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;?jf /f]u ;g{] tl/sfaf/] clego u/fpg'xf;] \ . /f]usf nIf0fx¿ :ki6 b]lvg] kf:] 6/
tof/ ugx'{ f;] \ . ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ kf7\ok:' tsdf lbOPsf lrqx¿af/] 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ .
/f]usf gfd / nIf0f ePsf] tflnsf agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .

d/] f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 89

kf7 &

/f]usf] /fs] yfd / pkrf/



z/L/nfO{ cf/fd gePkl5 xf]l;of/
x'gk' 5{ . /fu] nfUof] eg] ;dodf g}
pkrf/ ugk{' 5{ . xfdf| ] z/L/sf] leqL
zlSt alnof] kfg{ vfk] lngk' 5{ . Ifo/f]
uaf6 aRg aL=;L=hL= vfk] nufpgk' 5{ .

nx/] vf]sL, Eofu't] /f]u / wg'i6ª\sf/af6 aRg 8L=kL=6L= vf]k
nufpgk' 5{ . kfl] nof] /fu] xg' glbg kf]lnof] yfk] f v'jfpgk' 5{ . xfdLn]
vfk] lng l9nfO ug{' x“'bg} . aL=;L=hL= / bfb'/f vf]k Ps Ps k6s
dfq lnOG5 eg] kfl] nof] / 8L=kL=6L= ltg k6s / 6L=6L= kfr“ k6s
lngk' 5{ . o:tf vfk] :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df lbOG5 .

/f]u nfUbf pkrf/sf nflu glhssf] :jf:Yo ;+:Yffdf hfgk' 5{ .
pkrf/sf nflu 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ cf}ifwLsf] k|ofu] ugk{' 5{ .
ufp3“ /df /fu] nfUof] eg] sfx] L wfdLsxf“ hfg] u5g{ \ . wfdL egs] f 8fS6/
xfO] gg\ . /fu] sf] pkrf/sf lglDt glhssf] :jf:Yo ;:+ yfdf hfg ;Nnfx
lbgk' 5{ . ufpd“ f pk:jf:Yo rfs} L, :jf:Yo rfs} L, :jf:Yo sG] b| xG' 5g\ .
7n' f ;x/ tyf ahf/df c:ktfn, gl;ª{ xfd] , lSnlgs cflb xG' 5g\ .

90 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

ljm| ofsnfk !

sIffdf /f]uL / 8fS6/x¿sf] ;d"x agfP/ pgLx¿n] ug]{ el" dsf ´lNsg]
u/L clego u/ .

lj|mofsnfk @

tn lbOPsf] tflnsf k/" f u/L sIffdf k|bz{g u/ M

vf]ksf] gfdsf ] vf]k lng'kg]{ k6s
ltg k6s
-s_ 8L=kL=6L=

=======================================

-v_ =======================================

=======================================

-u_ =======================================

=======================================

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf ] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ wgi' 6ªs\ f/af6 aRg sg' vf]k lng'k5{ <

-v_ kf]lnof] /fu] af6 aRg sg' vf]k lng'k5{ <

-u_ la/fdL ePdf pkrf/sf lglDt sxf“ sxf“ hfg ;lsG5 <
-3_ ltdLn] sg' s'g vfk] nufPsf 5f} < 3/df cleefjsnfO{ ;fw] L

n]v .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 91

@= hf8] f ldnfpm M wg'i6ª\sf/
-s_ aL=;L=hL= Ifo/f]u
-v_ 8L=kL=6L= nx/] vf]sL÷Eofu't]/f]u
-u_ 6L=6L= kvfnf
-3_ kf]lnof] yf]kf

kIf3ft

#= l7s÷al] 7s 56' \ofO{ al] 7s eP ;RofP/ n]v M

-s_ la/fdL ePdf wfdLsxf“ hfgk' 5{ .
-v_ :jf:Yo rfs} Ldf cfi} fwL /flvPsf xG' 5g\ .
-u_ Ifo/fu] af6 aRg 8L=kL=6L= vfk] lng'k5{ .
-3_ /f]u nfud] f l9nf pkrf/ ugk{' 5{ .
-ª_ kfl] nof] yfk] f d'vdf vj' fOG5 .

:jf:Yo ;Gb]z M

Hj/f] cfpg' /f]usf] nIf0f xf] .
of] nIf0f bl] vg]lalTts} :jf:Yo s]Gb|df hrfpg hfcf“} .

lzIf0f lgb]{zg M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;dx" ljefhg u/L sg' } /fu] nfu]sf] jf pkrf/sf lglDt nh} f“b} u/s] f] clego
u/fpgx' f;] \ . JolStut k|Zgf]Tt/ ug'{xf;] \, h:t} M ufp“ / ;x/df :jf:Yo ;]jf lng] ;+:yfx¿ s] s]
xg' \ < vfk] tflnsf / ljleGg /fu] af6 aRg] pkfo ;DaGwL rf6{ agfO{ k9\g / n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .

92 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #

kf7 *

b'3{6gfsf sf/0fx¿

;kmf / ;Dd k/]sf] db} fgdf dfq vn] vn] f“} .

b3' 6{ gf ljleGg sf/0faf6 xg' ;S5 . w/] h} ;f] b3' 6{ gf af6fdf lx“8\bf,
;jf/L ;fwgdf r9\bf jf cfn] {b+ f, xltof/ rnfp“bf xg' ;S5g\ . c¿
sf/0fn] klg b3' 6{ gf xg' ;S5 . sg' } b'3{6gf cfk\mg} c;fjwfgLn] xg' ]
u5{g\ .
;x/ ahf/df klg ;8s b'36{ gf x'g] vt/f xG' 5 . ;x/df uf8L, df]6/
;fOsn / dflg;x¿sf] ;ªV\ of lbglbg} a9b\ } 5g\ . 6f« lkms lgod kfng
u/L lx“8\bf b3' {6gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 . ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfPsf]
v08df b'3{6gfx¿af6 aRg ;lsG5 .

d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff # 93

af6f] sf6b\ f ha] f| j|ml;ªaf6 dfq sf6f“}

uf“p3/df ljbo\ fno hfb“ f cfp“bf jg hªu\ n, vfn] fgfnf, eL/kfvfsf]
af6f] lx8“ g\ k' g]{ x'G5 . xf]l;of/Lkj" {s glx“8]df n8g\ ] jf 3fp rf]6 k6s
nfUg ;S5 . ?vaf6 v;] klg b3' 6{ gf xG' 5 .
s'g} b'3{6gf jf 3fp rf6] k6s nfud] f tTsfn 8fS6/ tyf :jf:Yo
;+:yfsf] ;]jf pknAw gx'g ;S5 . 3fOt]sf] cj:yf lau|g glbg
kf| ylds pkrf/ ugk'{ 5{ . k|fylds pkrf/ eg]sf] s'g} b'36{ gfsf]
j]nf 3fOtn] fO{ c:ktfn jf :jf:Yo ;+:yf gk¥' ofOGhn] t?' Gt lbOg]
;]jf xf] . o:tf] ;]jf kf| ylds pkrf/ ;DaGwL l;k x'g] JolStn] lbg
;S5g\ . ;fgf 3fp jf rf6] k6snfO{ 3/d} f klg 86] fn] jf ;kmf kfgLn] ;kmf
u/]/ k6\6L nufO{ k|fylds pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . 7'nf] 3fp / rf6] k6s
nfus] f] an] f w/] } /ut aUg glbO{ c:ktfn jf :jf:Yo ;:+ yfdf nfgk' 5{ .
k|fylds pkrf/ lbP/ xfdL 3fOts] f] Hofg hfu] fpg ;S5f“} . kf| ylds

94 d]/f] lj1fg, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff M sIff #