Health Class-10

@= g]6an (Netball)

ansf] kl/lw (Circumference) - @& b]lv @* OGr
jhg (Weight) - #(& b]lv $%! uf| d
#= vn] f8L (Players)
b'j} ;dx" df &–& hgf db} fgdf vN] g] vn] f8L / %–% hgf cltl/St v]nf8L
x'gk' 5{ .
$= g6] ;kf6] { (Net support)
vn] db} fgsf] OG8nfOg (End line) sf] dWo efudf g]6sf] ;kf6] {sf nflu agfOPsf] kmnfd jf
l;d]G6sf] :tDe (Piller) b'j}lt/ Ps Pscf]6f x'gk' 5{ .

g]6an v]nsf cfwf/e"t l;kx¿ (Basic skills of Netball Game)
!= kfl;ª\u (Passing)

vn] sf jm| ddf annfO{ cfgf] ;d"xsf] lgoGq0fdf /fvL a9LeGbf a9L cª\s kf| Kt ug{ Pp6} l6dsf]
Pp6f v]nf8Ln] csf{] v]nf8LnfO{ an ofFs]/ lbg] sfon{ fO{ kf; (Pass) elgG5 . v]nsf] cj:yf /
kl/l:yltcg;' f/ ljleGg lsl;dsf kfl;ªnfO{ ko| fu] df Nofpgk' 5 { . vn] df ljhoL xg' sf nflu lgolGqt,
snfTds / cfsifs{ kfl;ª ug{ ;Sgk' 5 { . g6] an vn] sf] jm| ddf ko| fu] df cfpg] kfl;ª lgDgfg;' f/ 5g \ M
-s_ r]:6 kf; (Chest Pass) : bj' } xftn] an ;dft]/ cfgf] 5ftLsf] l;wfcufl8 /fvL csf{] ;fyLsf]

5ftLsf] ;dfgfGt/ prfOdf k'Ug] u/L annfO{ em6s\ f lbP/ km\ofSF g] sfon{ fO{ r]i6 kf; elgG5 .
of] kf; ljz]if u/L cfgf] ;fyL glhs ePsf an] f k|ofu] df NofOG5 . o; kf;df an ;dfTbf

200 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)

bj' } xftsf cf}Fnfx¿ lkmhfP/ a'9LcfnF} f cfgf] 5ftLlt/ kf/L xTs]nfdf an 6Dd cl8g] u/L
;dfTg'k5 { .

-v_ afpG; kf; (Bounce pass) : vn] sf
l;nl;nfdf ha annfO{ k]6 jf sDd/sf]
;dfgfGt/af6 b'j} xftn] ;dftL em6s\ f lbP/
hldgdf 6Kkf vj' fO{ ;fyL;Dd k'¥ofOG5
eg] To; sfon{ fO{ afpG; kf; elgG5 .
ljkIfLnfO{ 5SofP/ glhs /xs] f] ;fyLnfO{ an

kf; ugk'{ bf{ klg of] kf; ko| fu] ul/G5 .

-u_ cfe] /x]8 kf; (Overhead pass) : annfO{ bj' } xftn] ;dftL 6fpsfsf]
k5fl8 nu]/ 6fpsfsf] l;wf dfly NofO{ ;fyL ePsf] lbzflt/ an ofFSg]
sfon{ fO{ cfe] /x8] kf; elgG5 . of] kf; ;fdfGotof ljkIfL vn] f8L cufl8
plePsf] ;dodf / cfgf] ;fyL :jtGq /xs] f] cj:yfdf k|of]udf NofOG5 .

-3_ nk kf; (Lop pass) : of] kf; ljkIfLlardf / cfgf] ;fyLk5fl8
ePsf] cj:yfdf annfO{ Pp6f xftsf] ;fxfotfn] dflyaf6 U
cfsf/df kmfnL kf; ug{' g} nk kf; (Lop pass) xf] .

-ª_ l:nª kf; (Sling pass) : cfgf ;fyLx¿ bfofaF fofF ePsf] cj:yfdf
s'dlg/af6 Ps xftsf] ;xfotfn] annfO{ ;fyLsf] 5ftLlg/ k'Ug] u/L
kf; ug{] g} l:nª kf; (Sling pass) xf] .

:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!) 201

-r_ lxk kf; (Hip pass) : of] kf; klg l:nª kf; h:t} xf,] t/ o;df annfO{ sDd/dl' g lxklg/af6
;fyLsf] sDd/lg/ g} kmflnG5 .

@= ;l' 6ª (Shooting)

vn] sf jm| ddf annfO{ g]6leq l5/fpg] p2]Zon] an ofSF g]
jf xfGg] sfo{nfO{ ;'l6ª elgG5 . ;'l6ª u/L cª\s cfh{g ug{'
v]nf8Lsf] clGtd nIo ePsfn] of] dxŒjk"0f{ l;k xf ] . vn] sf
l;nl;nfdf lagf cj/fw] ljkIfLsf] g6] df an kmfNg] cj;/
kfpgn' fO{ ;6 elgG5 .

#= lkef]l6ª (Pivoting)

v]nsf jm| ddf s'g} klg v]nf8Ln] annfO{ # ;]sG] 8;Dd dfq
b'j} xftn] ;dft]/ pleg kfpg] xF'bf ha v]nf8Ln] bj' } xftn] an
;dft]/ pleG5, To:tf] cj:yfdf ;fyLnfO{ an kf; ug{ gldn]sf]
cj:yfdf jf ;fyL :jtGq g/x]sf] cj:yfdf Pp6f uf]8fnfO{
lsnf h:tf] l:y/ /fvL csf]{ uf]8fnfO{ bfofaF fofF 3d' fpg] sfon{ fO{
lkef]l6ª elgG5 . of] sfo{ # ;s] ]G8s} ;doleq ug'k{ 5 { .

202 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)

vn] /0fgLlt (Game strategy)

g]6an vn] df h'g ;d"xsf vn] f8Lx¿n] ljleGg vn] ;DaGwL /0fgLltnfO{ v]nsf j|mddf k|ofu] df Nofpg
;S5g,\ ToxL ;dx" ljhoL x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . vN] g hfg]/ jf vn] ;DaGwL l;kdf lgk"0f{ eP/ klg
;fdl" xs v]ndf cfjZostfcg;' f/ v]n /0fgLlt agfO{ k|ofu] ug{ g;Sbf o;df dV' otM cfjm| fds
/0fgLlt / ;'/IffTds /0fgLlt k5{g \ .

-s_ cfjm| fds /0fgLlt (Offensive strategy)

g]6an vn] sf] dV' o nIo g} ljkIfLsf] g]6df a9LeGbf a9L an l5/fO cªs\ cfh{g ug'{ xf ] . o;sf
nflu ljkIfLsf] g6] df a9LeGbf a9L an k;fpg h'g tl/sfx¿sf] ko| fu] ul/G5 To;n} fO{ cfj|mfds
/0fgLlt elgG5 . cfj|md0fsf] sfo{ ljz]ifu/L l6dsf ;fyLx¿sf] lardf tfnd]n / ;dGjo ldnfO{
g]6df a9LeGbf a9L an k;fpg ul/g] ko| Tg g} cfj|mfds /0fgLlt (Offensive strategy) xf ] .

-v_ ;'/IffTds /0fgLlt (Defensive strategy)

g6] an vn] df ;s];Dd a9L cª\s cfh{g ug{ ljkIfLsf] cfjm| d0faf6 ;'/lIft /fvL ;s;] Dd sd :sf/]
(Score) df ;Lldt /fVg tyf ljkIfLnfO{ cfgf] g]6df sdeGbf sd cfjm| d0f ug{] cj:yf l;h{gf
ug]{ /0fgLltnfO{ ;/' IffTds /0fgLlt elgG5 .

g]6an vn] sf lgoDfx¿ (Rules of Netball Game)

!= g6] an vn] db} fgsf] nDafO #)=% ld6/ / rf8} fO !%=@% ld6/ x'gk' 5 { .

@= g6] an v]nsf] cjlw ^) ldg]6sf] xG' 5, h;nfO{ #) ldg6] sf] klxnf] r/0f (Firj|m half) / #)
ldg6] sf] bf];|f] r/0f (Second half) u/L v]nfOG5 . klxnf] r/0f vl] n;s]kl5 % ldg]6 dWofGt/
ul/G5 . ;fy} ^) ldg6] sf] vn] cjlwnfO{ !%–!% -# ld= dWofGt/_ ldg]6sf] rf/ r/0fdf af8F /]
vn] fpg'k5{ .

#= kT| o]s l6ddf & hgf sf6] d{ f vN] g] vn] f8L xg' k' 5 { / % hgf cltl/St v]nf8L x'G5g\ .

$= v]nsf] ;?' cft ;G] 6/ kf; (Centre Pass) af6 ul/G5 t/ ;]G6/ kf; u/fpg' cufl8 /]km| Ln] 6;
(Toss) u/fp5F / 6; lhTg] ;d"xn] v]nd}bfg /f]Hg kfp5F  .

%= v]nsf] kf| /Dedf xg' ] ;]G6/ kf; / kT| o]s cª\s k|fKt u/k] l5 ;G] 6/ kf; dWoj[Qdf u/fOG5 .

^= an ;dfpFbf v]nf8L hg' v6' 6\ f klxnf 6S] b5, Tof] v'6\6fnfO{ ;fg,{ rnfpg / prfNg pkmfg{
kfOFbg} .

:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!) 203

&= sg' } klg vn] f8Ln] # ;]s]G8eGbf a9L ;do an ;dft]/ /fVg kfpFb}g .
*= ;6 xfGbf an g6] df k;]df ! cªs\ dfq kf| Kt x'G5 .
(= ;'l6ªsf] sfo{ ;kmn ePkl5 vn] sf] k|f/De ljkIfLn] ;]G6/ ;/snaf6 ;fyLnfO{ an kf; u/]/

ugk'{ 5{ .
!)= olb an sg' } vn] f8LnfO{ 5fP] / aflx/ uPsf] 5 eg] p;sf] ljkIfLn] aflx/af6 cfgf] ;fyLnfO{

yf| ]Og (Throw-in) u/L v]n k|f/De ug{k' 5 { .
!!= s'g} klg l6dsf] s'g} klg v]nf8Ln] cfgf] tf]lsPsf] Ifq] eGbf aflx/ hfg / vN] g kfpb}g .
!@= s'g} klg vn] f8Ln] annfO{ v6' \6fn] 5g' kfpbF g}  .
!#= vn] sf l;nl;nfdf ljkIfLnfO{ tfGg, ws]Ng / ;dfTg kfObF }g . hg' l6dn] uNtL u5{ p;n] an

5f]8g\ 'k5{ .
!$= vn] sf l;nl;nfdf s'g} vn] f8Ln] ljkIfL v]nf8LnfO{ /fS] g # lkm6 6f9f /xgk' 5{ .
!%= v]nsf jm| ddf s'g} vn] f8Ln] /]km| Ln] lbPsf] lg0fo{ df lj/f]w ug{ kfpFb}g . olb o;f] u/d] f ck/fwsf]

dfqf x]/L lgisf;g ug{] jf ljkIfLnfO{ y|fO] g ug{] cj;/ lbg;S5 .
!^= lglZrt ;doleq h'g ;dx" n] ;ae} Gbf a9L cª\s cfh{g u5{ pxL ;dx" ljhoL x'G5 .
!&= an ;]G6n« y8{df kf; lbP/ dfq ufn] v08df nfg'k5{ .

g6] an v]Ng] tl/sf

g 6] an sf6] {nfO{ # v08df ljefhg ul/G5 . @ ufn] v08 / ! s]Gb|Lo v08df ljeSt xG' 5 . o;df
;ft hgf v]nf8Lsf ljleGg :yfgx¿ sfod ul/Psf] xG' 5 . kT| os] vn] f8Lsf] h;L{df vn] f8Lsf] :yfg
nl] vPsf] x'G5 . hg' o; k|sf/sf] xG' 5 M

204 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)

& hgf vn] f8Lx¿sf] kf]lh;g hfg kfpg] :yfg / el" dsf M

1. Goal Shooter (GS) 1 2

2. Goal Attack (GA) 1 2 3

3. Wing Attack (WA) - 2 3

4. Centre (C) - 2 3 4

5. Wing Defense (WD) - - 3 4

6. Goal Defense (GD) - - 3 4 5

7. Goal Keeper (GK) - - - 4 5

Goal Shooter (Gs) : of] vn] f8L If]q g= 1 / 2 df dfq vN] g kfp5F . h;n] GK eGbf cufl8
uP/ an ;dflt :sf/] (Score) ug]{ sfd u5{ .

Goal Attack (GA) : of] vn] f8L If]q g= 1, 2 / 3 df vN] g kfp5F . h;n] ljkIfLn] nfu]sf] annfO{
/fS] g] sfd u5{ .

Wing Attack (Wing Defense (WD) : of] vn] f8L Ifq] g+= 3 / 4 df vN] b5 . o;n] ljkIfLsf]
cfj|md0fnfO{ lg:th] agfpg] sfl] ;; u5{ .

Wing Atttack (WA) : of] vn] f8L If]q g+= 2 / 3 df v]Ng kfp5F . h;n] ljkIfL v]nf8L WD nfO{
l8kmG] ; ug{] sfd u5{ .

Centre (C) : of] v]nf8L ;'l6ª ;sN{ f (Shooting Circle) afx]s If]q g= 2, 3 / 4 df vN] g kfp5F .
h;n] cfgf] l6d (team) nfO{ ankf; ldnfpg] sfd u5{ .

Goal Defense (GD) : of] v]nf8L Ifq] g= 3, 4 / 5 df v]Ng kfp5F / ljkIfL v]nf8L GA nfO{
5]Sg], an /f]Sg] / vf:] g] sfd u5{ .

Goal Keeper (GK) : of] vn] f8L Ifq] g= 4 / 5 df dfq v]Ng kfpFb5 / ljkIfLsf] uf]n ;'6/ (Goal
Shooter) nfO{ :sfl] /ª (Scoring) ug{af6 /fS] b5 .

clkml;onx¿

g6] an vn] ;~rfng ug{ @ hgf cDkfo/, @ hgf 6fOdlsk/, @ hgf :sf]// u/L hDdf ^ hgf
lg0ffo{ sx¿ xG' 5g\ .

:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!) 205

ljm| ofsnfk

g6] ansf sg' } # hgf k|l;4 v]nf8Lsf] kmf]6f];lxt JolStut ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;fyLx¿lar 5nkmn
ugx'{ f];\ .

cEof;

!= 5nkmnsf nflu kZ| gx¿

-s_ cfw'lgs g6] an vn] sf] cfljisf/ s;n] u/]sf x'g\ <
-v_ g6] an ;j{ky| d sxfF / slxn] v]lnPsf] lyof] <
-u_ g]6an vn] sf] lgod k'l:tsf ;j{ky| d s;n] / slxn] ks| flzt u/]sf xg'  \ <
-3_ cGt/f{li6«o g6] an ;ª3\ sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] <
-ª_ IFNA sf] k"/f ¿k s] xf] <
-r_ INF sf] ;+:yfks kl|] ;8]G6 sf] lyP <
-5_ g]kfndf g]6an ;ª\3sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] <
-h_ g]6an v]nsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ vn] db} fgsf] If]qkmn slt xG' 5 <
-em_ g6] an kl| tof]lutfdf k|ofu] ul/g] es'G8fs] f] cfsf/ / jhg slt x'G5 <
-`_ l/ª;uF } em'lG8Psf] hfnLsf] nDafO slt x'G5 <
-6_ g]6an vn] sf] ;do cjlw slt x'G5 <
-7_ g6] an vn] sf kd| 'v l;kx¿ s] x'g\ <
-8_ g6] andf vn] f8L ;ª\Vof slt /xs] f] xG' 5 <
-9_ v]nsf] ;'?cft s;/L / sxfaF f6 ul/G5 <
-0f_ yL| ;]s]G8sf] lgod (Three Second Rule) egs] f] s] xf] <
-t_ ;kmn ;'l6ªkZrft\ v]nsf] k|f/De s;/L ul/G5 <
-y_ vn] sf] j|mddf esG' 8f] e'hf/]vf aflx/ uPdf v]n kg' M s;/L k|f/De ul/G5 <
-b_ lkefl] 6ª egs] f] s] xf] <
-w_ v]nsf] hLt / xf/ s;/L xG' 5 <
-g_ lgoldt v]n cjlwe/ bj' } ;d"xsf] cª\s a/fa/ ePdf lht / xf/sf] lg0f{o s;/L ul/G5 <

206 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)

PsfO ofu]

!@ (Yoga)

cfgf] cl:tŒjsf] afw] / cfkm"leq lglxt zlStx¿nfO{ ljsl;t u//] k"0f{ cfgGbsf] k|flKt ug'{ g}
ofu] xf] . ofu] sf ljm| ofx¿åf/f xfdf| ] :gfot' GqnfO{ lj|mofzLn ug]{ ul/G5 . h;n] o;df l7s ks| f/n]
/St;~rfng x'G5 / gofF zlStsf] ljsf; xg' yfN5 . cf;g Pjd\ k|f0ffofdx¿åf/f z/L/sf ul| Gy
/ df+;kz] Lx¿df sif{0f–ljsif0{ f cfs'Grg–k;| f/0f tyf lzlynLs/0fsf ljm| ofsnfk / To;sf] cf/fU] o
a95\ . /StnfO{ axg ug{] wdgLx¿ Pjd\ lz/fx¿ klg :j:Yo xg' hfG5g\ . ctM cf;g Pjd\ cGo
of}lus lj|mofx¿n] kg] lj|mofh Pls6j eP/ OG;l' ng l7s dfqdf aGg yfN5, h;sf sf/0f 8folal6h
cflb /fu] b"/ xG' 5g\ . kfrgtGqsf] :jf:Yodf k/" } z/L/sf] :jf:Yo lge/{ xG' 5 . ;a} /fu] x¿sf] d"n
sf/0f kfrgtGqsf] c:jf:Yo x'g] kfOPsf] 5 . of]un] kfrgtGq k"0f{ ¿kn] :j:Yo xg' hfG5 h;n]
;Dk"0f{ z/L/ :jf:Yo, xNsf Pjd\ :kml" t{bfos aGg hfG5 . ofu] ugfn{ ] x[bo /f]u h:tf] 7'nf] /fu] af6 klg
56' sf/f kfpg ;lsG5 . kmf]S;fd] f k0" f{ :jf:Yo jfo'sf] k|j]z x'G5, h;n] ubf{ kmfS] ;f] :j:y x'G5 tyf
bd, Zjf;, PnhL{ cflbaf6 56' sf/f kfOG5 . ha kmf]S;fd] f :j:y jfo' hfG5, ta x[bonfO{ klg an
ldN5 . of}lus lj|mofx¿n] z/L/sf] ef/ sd xG' 5 tyf z/L/ :j:y, ul7nf] Pjd\ ;G' b/ aG5 . xfdL
ofu] kysf] cfwf/ lnP/ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, afl} 4s Pjd\ cfWoflTds pGgltnfO{ kf| Kt ub{} k"0f{fgGbsf]
cge' "lt kf| Kt xG' 5 .

;o" { gd:sf/

kj" t{ km{ kms/{] uf8] f hf8] L pleg] / bj' } xft hf8] L gd:sf/sf] db' f| df cfvF f aGb ub{} ;o" { bj] sf] kf| yg{ f ug{] .

!= klxnf] l:ylt M bj' } xft hf8] L 5ftLsf] cufl8 /fVg] / l;wf pleP/ gd:sf/ ug{]

@ bf;] f| ] l:ylt M hf]l8Psf bj' } xftnfO{ dfly nu]/ xTsn] f cfsfztkm{ ksfp{ Fb} z/L/sf] efu k5fl8
df8] ]s} cj:yfdf /fVg]

#= t];f| ] l:ylt M tlGs/fv]s} cj:yfdf xftnfO{ /fVb} cufl8tkm{ emS' b} hfg] / xftn] uf8] fsf bj' }
kGhfsf] bfofFafofF 5fO] 6fp] sf]n] 3F8' f 5'g]

$= rf}yf] l:ylt M klxn] afofF uf8] fnfO{ k5fl8 nu/] 3'8F fn] eO' F 5'gu] /L tGsfpbF } kGhfn] 6]Sg,] 9f8
efr]/ 6fpsf] l;wf cfsfztkm{ x]g{]

%= kfrF fF} l:ylt M bfofF uf8] fnfO{ klg afofF uf8] fs} ;dfgfGt/ k5fl8 nh} fg], 9f8sf] efunfO{ kjt{
h:tf] agfpFb} bj' } kfv'/fsf laraf6 6fpsf] leqk6\l6 df8] b\ } gfledf x]g{]

:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!) 207

^= 56} fF} l:ylt M 38' f v'DRofpbF } 38F' fn], 5ftLn], lrpF8fn] ;d]t e'OFdf 5'Fb} lxksf] efun] eO' F g5fP] sf]
cj:yfdf /xg]

&= ;ftfF} l:ylt M k]6eGbf dflysf] z/L/sf] efunfO{ p7fpFb,} 6fpsf] / ub{g k5fl8tkm{ df]8\g]
*= cf7f}F l:ylt M k'gM kfrF fF} cfEof;sf] kj{tf;gdf cfpbF }, gfledf bl[ i6 nufOPsf] / 9f8dfly p7fpFb}

kjt{ h:tf] agfpg]
(= gjf}F l:ylt M ca afofF uf]8fnfO{ cufl8 nu]/ kGhfn] 6]sL /flvPsf b'j} xftsf] lardf n}hfg]
!)= bzfF} l:ylt M k5fl8 k;f/L /fv]sf] bfofF uf8] fnfO{ klg cufl8 afofF uf8] f;Fu} NofO{ hf]8\g] / t;] f| ]

cj:yfdf h:t} 6fpsfn] 38F' fdf 5b'F } jf 5g' ] ko| f; ub}{ xftsf kGhfn] bj' } uf]8fsf bfofaF fofF efudf
6]s/] /xg]
!!= P3f/fF} l:ylt M bj' } xftx¿ l;wfdfly tGsfP/ nh} fg] . xTs]nfx¿ cfsfztkm{ kmsf{P/ k5fl8
em'Sb} cfsfztkm{ xg] {]
!@= afxf| F} l:ylt M l;wf xg' ] / bj' } xftx¿ 6fpsfd] fly bl] v g} hf]8]/ la:tf/} 5ftLglhs NofP/ gd:sf/
ug]{
o; k|sf/ ;"o{ gd:sf/df !@ cf]6f cEof;x¿ ;DkGg ul/G5 . ;"o{ gd:sf/sf] cEof; !@ k6s;Dd
jf sDtLdf ^ k6s;Dd k|lt lbg ugk{' 5{ .

208 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)

!= cf;g

sg' } klg cf;gdf l:y/tf / ;v' k"j{s a:g'nfO{ cf;g elgG5 . s'g} klg cf;g ug]{ ;dodf d]?b08 ;w}F
l;wf x'gk' 5{ . e"ld ;dtn x'gk' 5{, la5\ofpgsf nflu u2Lbf/ sk8f jf sDan xg' 'k5,{ hg' cf/fdbfoL
xf;] \ . cf;gsf nflu PsfGt :yfg tyf z'4 jfo' ePsf] jftfj/0f x'g'k5{ . cf;g ugf{n] z/L/sf
k|To]s cª\uk|Tofªu\ nfO{ k/" } ljm| ofzLntf ldN5 / logLx¿ ;ljm| o, :j:y / nlrnf] aG5g\ . oxfF sx] L
pkofu] L cf;gx¿sf] ;lrq j0f{g ul/Psf] 5, To;nfO{ cEof; ug{'xf];\ .

zjf;g, a'4f;g, xnf;g oL cf;gx¿ sIff ( df ul/Psf xg' \ . lognfO{ kml] / bfx] f¥] ofP/ cfkm}F cEof;
ug'{xf;] \ .

ahf| zg

of] cf;g ubf{ 3F8' f df]8]/ cfg} s's{'Rrfdfly a:g'k5{ . o; cf;gdf
a:bf v6' 6\ fsf a'9Lcf}Fnfx¿ Pscfk;df 5f]Psf] t/ ss' {R' rf rflxF
kmfl6Psf] x'gk' 5{ . b'j} xft 38F' fdf /fVg'k5{ . tlGsP/ a:bf sDd/,
5ftL, ub{g, kfv'/f / 6fpsfnfO{ l;wf;Fu dfly tGsfpg'k5{ .

nfe

o;n] Psfu|tfsf] j[l4 u/fpFb} lrGtg zlStsf] ljsf; u5{ . JolStnfO{
zfGt / PsfGtlko| agfpF5 . 3F'8f / lt3|fnfO{ alnof] agfpg o; cf;gn] ;xof]u u5{ . ef]hg kl5
%–!) ldg6] of] cf;g ugfn{ ] ckr, cfDnlkQ, slAhot cflbaf6 d'St eOG5 .

jStfzg

bfFof v'6\6fdf]8]/ afofF lt3|fsf] glhs 3'F8fdf 6f;F /]
/fVgx' f;] \ . afofF xftnfO{ bfFof v6' 6\ f Pjd\ k]6sf] laraf6
NofP/ bfFof v'6\6fsf] kGhfglhs /fVg'xf;] \ . bflxg] xftnfO{
sDd/sf] k5fl8 e'Odf l;wf /fvL . ub{gnfO{ 3d' fP/
bflxg]tkm{ df]8\gx' f];\ . afFof v'6\6f, sDd/ tyf bflxg]
xft l;wf /fVg'xf];\ . o;nfO{ $–^ k6s ug{ ;lsG5 .
o;k} |sf/ csft]{ km{af6 ugk{' 5{ .

:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!) 209

nfe

sDd/sf] af];f]nfO{ sd u5{ . z/L/nfO{ nrstf k|bfg u5{ . zf/Ll/s :j¿kdf lgvf/ NofpF5 .

wg'/f;g

3f]K6f] k/]/ ;'Tg] / k5fl8 38'F f df8] /] /fVg] bj' } xftn] bj' }
v6' 6\ f ;dfTg] / hlt;Sbf] k6] sf] dflylt/ prfNg] . o;/L
prflnbF f k6] bl] v dflylt/ / d'lglt/sf ;a} efux¿ dfly
prflnpg / bj' } xft l;wf tlGspg . cgx' f/ hlt;Sbf]
cfsfztkm{ hfcf];\ . o; cf;gdf !)–#) ;s] ]G8;Dd
/xg'k5{ .

nfe

d]?b08nfO{ nlrnf] agfpF5 . o;n] z/L/nfO{ cfsif{s
agfpF5 . z/L/df bv] fkg{] rfp/L, 8G8Lkmf]/ / km';f| ] 5fnf cflb x6]/ hfG5 . cgx' f/df rds /
sflGtsf] jl[ 4 x'G5 . z/L/ xNsf x'G5 . dlxgfjf/L;DaGwL ljs[ltx¿df nfe kU' b5 .

eh' ª\uf;g

3fK] 6f] k/]/ ;'Tg] / bj' } xTsn] f hldgdf /fVb} xftx¿nfO{
5ftLsf] bj' } 5p] df /fVg,] v6' 6\ f;Fu;uF } /fVg,] Zjf;leq
e/]/ xftn] 6]Sb} ;kn{ ] 6fpsf] p7fP emF} dflylt/ p7g\ ] .
o;/L p7b\ f sDd/b]lv dflysf] efu dfq hlt;Sbf] dfly
p7f;] \ . of] l:yltdf s/La #) ;]sG] 8 /xg'k5{ .

nfe

of] cf;gn] kmf]S;f] tyf d?] b08sf] Jofofd x'G5 . o;sf] cEof;af6 Zjf;k|Zjf; lj|mofdf ;w' f/ eO{
bd, nx/]vf]sL, :jfF:jfF cflb ljsf/x¿df ;w' f/ x'G5 . 9f8 k'/} dfl] 8g] xFb' f d]?b08 ke| fljt x'g ku' L
9f8 bV' g], sDd/ bV' g] / x8\8L;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ klg ;'wf/ xbF' } hfG5g\ .

;nef;g

3f]K6f] k//] ;T' g,] b'j} xTs]nf b'j} lt3f| sf] tn /fVg] . b'j}
v'66\ fnfO{ gv'DRofOsg l;wf hlt;Sbf] dflylt/ prfNg,]
6fpsf] tyf xft hldgd} /flv/xg] . oxL tl/sfn] b'j}

210 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)

v'6\6fnfO{ kfnk} fnf;] uF p7fP/ cEof; ug{ ;lsG5 . !)–#) ;]sG] 8;Dd o; l:yltdf /xg'k5{ . %–^
k6s bf]xf¥] ofpg' k5{ .

nfe

d?] b08sf] tnsf] k'/} :gfo' k0| ffnL k|efljt x'G5 . ;nef;gn] kIf3ft, x/ grNg], v6' 6\ fsf g;fx¿
;'lGgg] / uf7F f kg]{ /fu] x¿df nfe k'Ub5 .

zLiff;{ g

bj' } xftx¿sf cfF}nfx¿nfO{ cfk;df ldnfP/ s'lxgf;Dd xftnfO{ hldgdf 6s] fpg'xf;] ,\ hxfF 3'8F f
hldgdf 6]lsPsf]xf;] \ . ca z/L/sf] ef/ sl' xgfx¿df ;Gtl' nt ub}{ v'66\ fx¿nfO{ hldgsf] ;dfgfGt/
l;wf ugx{' f];\ . ca Pp6f 3'F8fnfO{ df8] \b} dfly p7fpgF 'xf];\ . To;kl5 csf{] 3'8fnfO{ klg dfly p7fP/
df8] /] /fVg'xf;] \ . ca df]l8Psf 38' fx¿nfO{ j|mdz Ps Ps u//] dfly p7fpg] sf]l;; ug{'xf;] \ .
h'g jm| dn] v'6\6fnfO{ dfly p7fOPsf] lyof,] ToxL j|mdn] km]l/ kj" { l:yltdf cfpgx' f];\ . of] cf;g !%
;]s]G8af6 cf/De ub}{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf %–!) ldg6] ;Dd u/] /fd|f] xG' 5 .

nfe

z'4 /ut dlit:snfO{ kf| Kt x'G5 . :dl[ t zlStsf] ljsf; x'G5 . rfF8f] lg0fo{ ug{] Ifdtfdf j[l4 xG' 5 .
g]tT[ j Ifdtfsf] ljsf; eP/ cfp5F . cfFvfsf] Hofl] tdf j[l4 xG' 5 . d'6'sf] clgolGqt w8\sg, dfOug|] ,
lgDg /Strfk, dw'd]x / ls8g\ Lsf] lgl:jm| otf h:tf /f]udf o;af6 ljzi] f nfe ldN5 .

@= k|f0ffofd

-s_ e:qLsf kf| 0ffofd

s'g} Pp6f Wofgsf] cf;gdf ;'ljwfcg';f/ a;]/ bj' } gfssf Kjfnaf6 ;f;nfO{ leq 8fok|md;Dd k/" f
zlSt nufP/ hf8] ;Fu tfGg] / To;/L g} aflx/ klg hf8] ;uF lgsfNg] kl| jm| ofnfO{ e:qLsf k|f0ffofd

:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!) 211

elgG5 . h;sf] d6' ' tyf kmf]S;f] sdhf/] 5, p;n] dGb ultaf6 k"/s ub}{ of] k|f0ffofd ug'k{ 5{ .
:j:y JolSt tyf k|f0ffofdsf] cEof; ul/;s]sf JolStn] la:tf/} Zjf;kZ| jf;sf] ultnfO{ a9fpbF } klxn]
dWod / kl5 tLj| ultdf e:qLsf k|f0ffofd ug{'k5{ . o; k|f0ffofdnfO{ % b]lv !) ldg]6;Dd ugk{' 5{ .

e:qLsf k|f0ffofd Zjf;nfO{ leq eb{} dgdf ljrf/ ug{k' 5{ ls aX| df08df
ljBdfg zlSt, pmhf,{ kljqtf, zflGt tyf cfgGb cflb hh] lt ze' j:t'x¿ 5g,\
tL ;a} k|f0fsf] ;fydf d/] f] z/L/leq k|jz] ul//x]sf 5g\ . o; kf| 0ffofdnfO{
ug]{ jm| ddf Zjf;leq tfGbf k]6nfO{ kmn' fpg' x'Fbg} . ;f;nfO{ 8fOkm| d;Dd
dfq tfGg'k5{ . o;af6 k]6 km'Nb}g / 5ftL dfq kmN' 5 . skmsf] clwstf jf
;fOg; cflb /f]ux¿sf sf/0fn] gfssf b'j} Kjfn l7s;Fu vn' ]sf 5}gg\ eg]
klxn] bfofF KjfnnfO{ aGb u//] afofF Kjfnaf6 oyfzlSt dGb, dWod jf tLj|
ultaf6 k/" s ugk'{ 5{ .

nfe

• ?ufvfs] L, PnhL,{ Zjf;;DaGwL /fu] L, bd, ;fOg; cflb /fu] x¿nfO{ lgsf] kfg{ ;xof]u u5{ .
kmfS] ;f] ;an aG5 / d6' ' tyf dl:tisnfO{ klg z'4 kf| 0fjfo' ldNgfn] nfe x'G5 .

• yfO/fO8 tyf 6lG;n cflb 3f6F Lsf /fu] x¿sf ;d:ofsf nflu pkof]uL x'G5 .

• /ut z4' xG' 5 tyf z/L/sf ljiffSt kbfy{x¿sf] lgisfzg xG' 5 .

• dg l:y/ /xG5 .

-v_ skfneflt kf| 0ffofd

skfnefltdf ;f;nfO{ zlStk"js{ aflx/ 5f]8g\ dfq Wofg lbOG5 / ;f; lngsf nflu k|of; ul/bF g} .
o; kf| 0ffofdnfO{ sDtLdf % ldg6] jf ofe] Gbf clws klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

skfneflt k|ff0ffofd ubf{ dgdf o:tf] ljrf/ ug'{k5{ ls, d}n] aflx/
ofsF ]sf] ;f;;Fu} z/L/sf ;Dk0" f{ /f]ux¿ klg ToxL ;f;sf] ;fydf g} aflx/
lgl:s/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L ;f;aflx/ ofFSbf /f]ux¿ gi6 ePsf] ljrf/ ubf{
klg ljz]if nfe k|fKt x'G5 .

nfe

• dl:tis tyf cgx' f/df ;fG} bo{ a9\b5 .

• d'6,' kmfS] ;f] tyf dl:tissf /fu] x¿df ljz]if kmfObf x'G5 .

212 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)

• df6] f]kg, dwd' ]x, slAhot, lduf{n} f tyf k|f]:6«6] ;DaGwL /f]ux¿df nfe xG' 5 .

• dg l:y/, zfGt tyf k|;Gg /xG5 .

• cfdfzo, sn]hf] tyf lduf{}nfsf /f]ux¿df ljz]if nfe k|fKt xG' 5 .

#= Wofgd'bf|

gfeL rt} Go Wofg

zlSt clejl[ 4sf nflu ul/g] Wofgsf] Ps ks| f/sf] ljlwnfO{ gfeL
r}tGo Wofg elgG5 .

ljlw

;T' ge' Gbf !) ldg6] cufl8 la:tf/df a:g] . Zjf;nfO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf
g} /xg lbg] . % –!) ldg6] ;Dd o; cj:yfdf /xg] u/L la:tf/} ;T' g],
;T' g] jm| ddf Zjf;kZ| jf;df kl/jt{g cfpg' xFb' g} . o; cj:yfdf ;Dk0" f{
Wofg gfeL s]Gbd| f s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ . sl/a !%–@) ldg]6;Dd o;
l:yltdf /xg] .

kmfObf

o;sf] lglZrt cEof;n] z/L/df zlSt a9]/ cfp5F . cfgf] sfdnfO{ k"0f{ sG] b|laGb'df /fvL ;DkGg
ug]{ Ifdtfdf jl[ 4 x'G5 . @$ 3G6fsf nflu sdhf]/ 5' eGg] cfefif x'Fbg} . zlStsf] ;|f]t gfeL s]Gbd| f
n's]/ a;s] f] xG' 5, h;sf] Wofg ugfn{ ] zlSt kf| Kt x'G5 .

laGbs' ]lGbt| Wofg

Wofgf;gdf a;L s'g} Pp6f lglZrt j:td' f cfFvf glemDSofO{ Psgf;n] xl] //xg' laGb's]lGbt| Wofg xf] .
dgsf] Psfut| f Pjd\ l:y/tfsf nflu l3psf] aQLdf laGbs' ]lGb|t Wofg ug{' ;ae} Gbf pQd dflgG5 .
ljGbs' ]lGbt| Wofgdf dUg /xg /ftsf] ;do ls/f e;' g' fx¿ gcfpg] zfGt, PsfGt tyf xNsf cFWof/f]
sf7] f /f]Hg' pQd x'G5 . laxfg cf;g / k|f0ffofd ;dfKt u/]kl5 klg laGb's]lGb|t Wofg df a:g
;lsG5 .

:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!) 213

ljlw

cfkm" a;]sf] @ bl] v # ld6/;Ddsf] b/' Ldf l7s cfFvfsf] txdf aQL hnfP/ /fVg'k5{ . cfkm"nfO{
;lhnf] kg]{ cf;gdf a:gk' 5{ . bj' } xft xNsfl;t bj' } 38F' fdf jf sfvdf /fVgk' 5{ . cfvF f aGb u/L cfgf]
dgl:yltnfO{ tof/ kfg,{] h;/L Wofgdf a:bf tof/ xg' ] ul/G5 . % jf !) ldg6] jf hlt ;lsG5, aQLdf
Ps6s xl] //xgk' 5{ .

nfe

lgoldt ¿kn] laGbs' ]lGbt| Wofgsf] cEof; ugf{n] ;fwssf] cfFvf cToGt rlDsnf], ;kmf, pHjn /
cfsif{s aGb5 . cfvF fsf] Hofl] tdf j[l4 cfpFb5 tyf cfvF f /fu] x¿nfO{ nfe xG' 5 . lrQ Psfu|, l:y/
/ k;| Gg /xG5 .

$= ljljw

clUg;f/ lj|mof, hngl] t lj|mof, of]ulgbf| , skfnefltnfO{ sIff ( df cEof; u/] em}F oxfF klg bf]x¥ofpg] .

lj|mofsnfk

cfgf] 3/ jf ljBfnog lhssf] ofu] k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df ;xefuL eO{ ofu] cEof;df ;xefuLx¿;uF
cGt/ljm| of u/L tkfOF{sf] cg'ej cfgf ;fyLx¿;uF 5nkmn ug{'xf;] \ .

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
-s_ of]usf] cy{ s] xf] <
-v_ wg'/f;g eg]sf] s] xf] <
-u_ cf;g eg]sf] s] xf] <
-3_ e'hªu\ f;g cf;gaf6 xg' ] kmfObfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-ª_ sD' es / /r] sdf s] km/s 5 <
-r_ kf| 0ffofd egs] f] s] xf] <
-5_ e:qLsf / skfnefltdf s] km/s 5 <
-h_ laGb' s]Gb|Lt Wofg egs] f] s] xf] <
-em_ laGb' sl] Gb|t Wofgsf kmfObfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-`_ gfler}tGo Wofgdf xftsf] l:ylt s:tf] x'G5 <
-6_ ;"o{ gd:sf/sf ljlwx¿ slt 5g\ <

214 :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff, sIff–!)