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ISBN : 978 - 99933 - 717 - 7 - 9

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klg cfkmn" ] ug{] sfd atfOg\ . ;an} ] ug{] sfd ;g' /] u?' cfdf v;' L
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xfN5' gg' , l3p d t, dL7f] nfU5 bfndf .

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!= lrq x]/ / s'g sfddf ko| fu] df cfp5“ , nv] M
n]Vg sfd nfU5 .
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;fyLx¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] hdl' gof klg Ps xg' \ . cl:t pgL la/fdL eOg\ .
hdl' gofnfO{ lnP/ pgsf aa' f / d c:ktfn uof“} . 8fS6/n] pgnfO{
cfi} fwL lbP . pgL lgsf] eOg\ . dn} ] hdl' gofnfO{ ;xofu] u/]“ . pgn]
klg xfd|L lbbLsf] lax]df hGtLnfO{ kfgL lbP/ ;xof]u ul/g\ .

a'l4/Tg / zLnzfe] f ;x/df
a:5g\ . pgLx¿ Pp6} 6fn] sf]
jNnf] kNnf] 3/df a:5g\ . Pslbg
al' 4/Tgsf] 3/df cfuf] nfUof] .
zLnzf]efn] bdsnnfO{ kmf]g
ul/g\ . t?' Gt} bdsn cfof] /
cfuf] lgefof] . To;n} ] l5ds] sf c¿
3/df cfuf] nfUg kfPg . o;/L
zLnzfe] fn] bdsn afn] fP/ ;xofu] ul/g\ .

lzIf0f lgb]z{ g M
afnaflnsfx¿n] cfgf 5/l5ds] df ss] :tf] ;xofu] ul//xs] f 5g\ < jm| dzM ;a;} u“ ;fw] vfh]
u/L l5ds] df /xs] f JolStx¿nfO{ ;xofu] ug{ kf| T] ;fxg ugx'{ f;] \ .

8 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk

!= s;n] s] sfd u¥of] < tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M

ld;L| nfnn] b]ljsfn] zLnzf]efn]

@= ltd|f] ;fyLn] l5ds] LnfO{ ;3fpg] sfdsf] o:tf] tflnsf agfP M

-s_ 6fn] df ef]het/] xb“' f kfgL af“8]/

-v_ cfgf l5ds] sf ;fyL x/fp“bf k|x/LnfO{ va/ u/]/

-u_ rf8kj{df cfkm"eGbf 7"nfn] cxf| Psf] dfg]/

-3_ l5d]sL la/fdL x“b' f cf}ifwL NofOlbP/

-ª_ 6fn] df cfunfuL x'“bf bdsnnfO{ kmfg] u//] .

ltdL klg cfgf] l5ds] LnfO{ s;/L ;xofu] u5f}{ < ltdf| ] ;fyLn] h:t} ;r" L
agfpm M

!= ================================ @= ================================
#= ================================ $= ================================
%= ================================ ^= ================================

#= 7Ls s'/f dfq cfgf] sfkLdf ;f/]/ nv] M
-s_ xfdLn] l5d]sLnfO{ cfkmn" ] ;s]sf] ;xofu] ug{k' 5{ .
-v_ ;s];Dd l5d]sLx¿;“u emu8f ug{'k5{ .
-u_ l5d]sL c;n geP klg xfdL c;n xg' 'kb5{ .

-3_ ;fgf];fgf] ;xof]un] klg 7n" f] sfd u5{ .

xfdL cfgf l5d]sLx¿nfO{ ;ss] f] ;xof]u u5f}“+ . 9

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

PsfO – bO' { xfdf| ] k/Dk/f, ;fdflhs dN" o / dfGotf

kf7 – ! kfxg' fsf] ;Tsf/

- bLks vN] b} lyP / cfdf leq xg' x' G' Yof] _

bLks M cfdf ⁄ lbbL / legfh' cfpg'eP5 . gd:sf/ lbbL ⁄
gd:sf/ legfh' .

lbbL÷legfh' M efUodfgL eP afa' ⁄
lbbL M cfdfaj' f vf]O t <
bLks M leq xg' x' 'G5 . leq a;f“} g

legfh' .
legfh' M gd:sf/ cfdf ⁄
cfdf M gd:sf/ HjfO“ ;fx]a ⁄

sltv/] cfpge' of] <
legfh' M ev/{ } cfPsf xf,}“ cfdf .

- pgLx¿ s/' fsfgL ubfu{ b{} ;G' tnL cfOg\ _

;'GtnL M 3/df sf] xg' x' 'G5 <
bLks M s;nfO{ vfH] ge' Psf] lbbL <
;G' tnL M efO ltdf| ] aa' fcfdf xg' x' G' g <
bLks M tkfOn“{ fO{ d}n] lrlgg“ . s] sfdn] cfpge' Psf] xf] <
;'GtnL M d :jf:Yo :jod;\ l] jsf x'“ . o; 3/df kfr“ jif{d'lgsf

afnaflnsf 5g\ ls eg/] ;f]ws] L < cfh le6fldg ‘P’
vj' fpg] lbg xf] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
3/df cfpg] cfgf] kl/jf/eGbf aflx/sf dflg;nfO{ kfxg' f elgG5 . pxfx“ ¿;u“ lzi6 / gd| eP/
afN] gk' 5{ . cfkme" Gbf 7n" f kfxg' fnfO{ lrgs] f] eP gftfcg;' f/ / glrgs] f] eP pd/] cg;' f/sf] gftf
nufP/ afN] gk' 5{ . glrgs] f kfxg' fx¿ cfgf] 3/df cfP eg] ;/f;/ leq nh} fgx' b“' g} . cfgf
cleefjsx¿;u“ e6] fpgk' 5{ . pgLx¿sf] gfd / 3/df cfpgs' f] sf/0f ;fW] gk' 5{ . pgLx¿nfO{
aa' fcfdf;u“ g;fw] Lsg cfgf] 3/sf] ;fdfg lbgx' b“' g} . pgLx¿n] lbPsf] vfgs] /' f hlt;s' } dL7f]
eP klg cf˚e" Gbf 7n" fn] fO{ g;fw] Lsg vfgx' b“' g} eGg] s/' f afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;sfpgx' f;] \ .

10 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

bLks M P ⁄ gd:t] :jod\;]ljsf lbbL . a:b} ug'{xf];\ x} . d]/f]
3/df t le6fldg ‘P’ vj' fpg'kg{] sfx] L 5g} g\ . kNnf
3/sL dfOnL sfsLsf] 5f/] L ;fg} l5g\ . ltgnfO{ le6fldg
‘P’ v'jfpgk' 5{ . P ⁄ dfOnL sfsL ⁄ aflx/ x]g'{xf];\ t
:jod;\ l] jsf lbbL cfpg'ePsf] 5 .

lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7df lbOPsf] ;+jfbnfO{ ;fyLx¿ ldnL clego;lxt k9]/ ;'gfpm .

@= cfgf] 3/df cfPsf kfxg' f;“u s;/L af]Ng'k5{ < lzIfssf] ;xofu]
lnP/ cEof; u/ . cfgf] 3/df klg ;w}“ To;} u/L afN] g] u/ .

#= olb ltd|f] 3/df glrg]sf kfx'gf cfPdf s] u5f{} < sIffdf 5nkmn
u/L n]v .

$= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ P ⁄ lbbL cfpge' P5 . lbbL ================= . -bzg{ ÷gd:sf/÷9f]u_
-v_ sfsf tkfO“{ Ps If0f oxf“ ======================== x} .
-a:gx' f;] \ ÷ plegx' f];\ ÷ hfg'xf];_\
-u_ tkfO{“nfO{ dn} ] lrg]sf] 5g} bfO . To;n} ] =======================
a:b} ugx{' f];\ . -aflx/ ÷ leq ÷ sf]7fdf_

%= cfgf kl/jf/ / 5/l5ds] df cfkm" eGbf 7n" f tLg hgfnfO{ tnsf] kZ| g
;f]w / pxfx“ ¿n] lbge' Psf] hjfkm n]v M
æ3/df kfx'gf cfp“bf s] ugk{' 5{ <Æ
pSt hjfkmx¿nfO{ Ps} 7fpd“ f ldnfP/ nv] / sIffdf ;g' fpm . h:t} M
d}n] bfO, sfsf / aa' fnfO{ ækfx'gf cfp“bf s] ug{k' 5{ <Æ egL ;f]w“] .

pxfx“ ¿n] eGge' of] –æ3/df kfxg' f cfpb“ f gd:sf/ ugk{' 5{ . ==========Æ

kfx'gf;“u c;n Jojxf/ ug'k{ 5{ . 11

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – @ d]/f] ufps“ f] efiff / j]zei" ff

cfh cf/tL / pgsf ;fyLx¿n] kqklqsfsf] lrq hDdf kfg{] vn]
vn] ] . ToxL jn] f lzIfs klg cfOkU' ge' of] . pxfn“ ] sd' f/Lsf] lrq
;dfp“b} eGg'eof], æOGb|hfqfdf s'df/Ln] o:tf] n'uf nufp“l5g\ .Æ
To;kl5 cf/tLn] elgg,\ æ;/, dn} ] klg OxLsf] jn] fdf o:t} nu' f
nufPsL lyP“ .Æ

/fO{ gj] f/ zk] f{ lwdfn

lzIfsn] eGge' of,] æxf,] cf/tL g]jf/ xg' \ / gj] f/ efiff afl] N5g\ .
gj] f/x¿n] kjc{ g;' f/ ljleGg ks| f/sf nu' f nufp5“ g\ . xfdf|
ufp3“ /df ljleGg hfthfltsf 56' 6\ f56' 6\ } efiff / nu' fsk8f xG' 5g\ .
Pp6} hfltsf] klg kj,{ kh" f / hfqfcg;' f/ km/skm/s jz] ei" ff
xG' 5g\ . ca ltdLx¿n] ;ªs\ ng u/s] f oL lrq / kmf6] f Pp6}
klqsfdf 6f;“ /] sIffdf emG' 8o\ fpgk' 5{ x} .Æ

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljleGg jz] ei" ffsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg ljleGg k|sf/sf kl| tof]lutf ug{ ;lsG5 . x/]s
hfthfltsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cf–cfgf k/Dk/fut jz] ei" ff nufpg kl]| /t ugx{' f;] \ .

12 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

zAbfy{

OxL M gj] f/ ;db' fosf s6] Lx¿nfO{ /h:jnf xg' c' l3 an] ;u“ ul/g] jj} flxs
;:+ sf/

j]ze"iffM cfgf] /Lltl/jfh / rngcg';f/ nufOg] n'uf sk8f / uxgfx¿

ljm| ofsnfk

!= kf7df h:t} cfgf] ljBfno jf 3/df ePsf k/' fgf klqsf jf lstfaaf6
ljleGg ;db' fon] nufpg] nu' f / u/uxgf emNsg] lrqx¿ ;ªs\ ng
u/ / sIffdf k|bz{g u/ .

@= ltdf| ] ufp“3/sf dflg;x¿n] s'gs'g kj{df ss] ] nufp5“ g\, cfgf
cleefjs;“u ;fw] /] n]v . h:t} M

kj{ jz] ei" ff

ufO{hfqf ds' G' 8f]

ljjfx -s]6Ln]_ ;f8L, rf]nf], 3'D6f]

r08L gfr -s6] f÷s6] Ln]_ bf}/f, ;'?jfn, 6fk] L÷;f8L, rf]nf], k6s' f

#= ltdf| ] ;d'bfosf dflg;n] s'gs'g efiff af]N5g\ < nv] .

$= tnsf jz] ei" ffx¿ sg' s'g hfltsf x'g\ < hf]8f ldnfpm M

bfr] f lwdfn

xf/L 13
z]kf{

af]gf /fO{

xfdf| ufp3“ /df ljleGg efiff afN] g] / nu' f tyf u/uxgf
nufpg] dflg; ldn]/ a:5g\ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – # d]/f] ufp3“ /df dgfOg] rf8kj{

u'?n] cfhsf] kf7 ;'? ub{} sIff tLgsf ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ eGge' of],
æcf–cfgf ufp3“ /df dgfOg] rf8kjs{ f af/d] f hfgs] f s/' f nv] .Æ

d/] f] ufp“df ‘xfn] L’ w'dwfd;“u dgfOG5 .

kmfuk' l" 0fd{ fsf] efl] nkN6 6fn] el/sf dflg;

hDdf eP/ ljleGg /ªx¿ bn]/ xfn] L

v]N5g\ . gfrufg ub}{ dL7f] vfP/ of] kj{

dgfOG5 . – hfgsL rf}w/L

d/] f] 3/df Ob dgfOG5 . o; kjd{ f Ps
dlxgf;Dd jt| a:g] ul/G5 . of] kj{ gof“
jifs{ f] ¿kdf dflgG5 . /dfhfgsf] clGtd
lbgnfO{ Ob'nl˚q elgG5 . o; lbg
ul/ax¿nfO{ bfg klg lbg] rng 5 .

– cgL; cG;f/L

d]/f] 6f]ndf j}zfv k"l0f{dfsf] lbg
a'4hoGtL kj{ dgfOG5 . of] kj{ a4' sf]
kf| y{gf u/]/ w'dwfd;“u dgfOG5 .

– 5j] fª nfdf

o;/L xfdLn] cfgf] ufp3“ /df dgfpg] rf8kjs{ f af/d] f nV] of“} .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ leQ]kfqf]df ljleGg kjx{ ¿ x]g{] cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ . Pp6f hfltn] dgfpg]
kj{df c¿ hfltnfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ugx'{ f];\ .

14 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

lj|mofsnfk

!= /fdnfnn] cfgf] ;d'bfodf dgfpg] rf8kjs{ f] tflnsf o;/L agfP M
rf8kj{ dgfpg] tl/sf
ufOh{ fqf dfG5] d/s] f] 3/af6 dflg;nfO{ ufO{sf] ds' 'G8f] nufP/
jf ufO{nfO{ l;“uf/L 8'nfP/ .
b;}“ b'uf{ kh" f u//] , 6Lsf nufP/ .
ltxf/ bp] ;Le}nf] vn] ]/, sfu, ss' /' , uf]?, ufO{ / bfh'efOsf]
kh" f u//] .
>Lk~rdL ;/:jtLsf] k"hf, vt] Lsf] ;?' jft, cIf/ n]Vg / k9\g ;'?
u//] / snsf/vfgfsf] kh" f u//] .

ltdL klg /fdnfnn] h:t} ltdf| ] ;db' fodf dgfOg] rf8kjx{ ¿ / dgfpg]
tl/sfsf] tflnsf agfpm .

@= leQ] kfqf] x/] /] sg' } Ps dlxgfdf dgfOg] rf8kjs{ f] gfd / dgfOg] lbg

nv] M

rf8kjs{ f] gfd dgfOg] lbg

#= sg' rf8kj{ s'g dlxgfdf k5,{ kfqf] x/] L kQf nufpm M

b;}“ Ob Nxf];f/

ltxf/ ljm| :d; uf/} f kj{

57 a'4kl" 0fd{ f pwf}nL -;fs]jf_

cf–cfgf rf8kjx{ ¿ ldn/] dgfcf“} . 15

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – $ d/] f] ufps“ f] c;n dflg;

ei" f0fnfO{ ;fdflhs cWoogsf] ux[ sfo{ ug'{ lyof] . pgn] aa' fnfO{
;fw] ,] æaa' f, xfdf| ] ufpe“ l/df c¿nfO{ ;xofu] ug{] dflg; sfs] f] 5g\ <Æ

pgsf] aa' fn] eGg'eof,] æTo:tf dflg; t w]/} 5g\ . tLdWo] kNnf
ufps“ L yddfof sfsL c;fWo} c;n xg' x' G' 5 . pxf“ ;an} fO{ dbt
ub{} lx“8g\ 'x'G5 . ufp3“ /df wf/f,
s'nf], d7dlGb/sf] dd{t /
;/;kmfOdf pxf“ cuj' f eP/
sfd ugx{' G' 5 . Æ

ei" f0fn] eg,] æaa' f, pxf“ t c;n
x'g'x'b“ f] /x]5 . dnfO{ pxf“;“u
e]6fOlbg'xf;] \ g .Æ aa' fn] eGg'
eof], æeOxfN5 lg afa', d
ltdLnfO{ pxf;“ u“ e6] fOlbpn“ f .
ef]ln laxfg} xfdL yddfof
sfsLsf] 3/df hfp“nf . s]s] ;f]Wg'k5,{ ;f]wfn}“ fÆ . e"if0fn]
k|ZgfjnL kmf/fd b]vfof] . pgn] agfPsf] kZ| gx¿ o:tf lyP .

e"if0fn] yddfof sfsLnfO{ ;f]Wg agfPsf k|Zgx¿
!= tkfO{“ s] sfd ug{x' G' 5 <
@= tkfO“n{ ] ;as} f] enfO x'g] s]s] sfd ug{'ePsf] 5 <
#= d klg tkfO{“h:t} x'g s] ug{k' 5{ <

lzIf0f lgb{z] g M
afnaflnsfsf] ufp6“ fn] , l5ds] df c;n dflg;x¿ klxrfg ug{ nufO{ ;Ddfg ug{ l;sfpgk' 5{ .
ufp“gu/sf To:tf dflg;x¿sf sfdaf6 k|l] /t eP/ /fdf| ] sfd ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ug'k{ 5{ .

16 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

lj|mofsnfk

!= ei" f0fsf] h:t} ltdf| ] ;db' fodf c;n dflg;x¿ sf]sf] 5g\ . ltdf| ]
cleefjs;u“ ;fw] / pxfx“ ¿n] uge{' Psf /fdf| sfdx¿sf] ;r" L agfpm .
h:t} M

c;n dflg;sf] gfd pxf“n] u/s] f sfd

@= dflysf] kZ| gfjnL cfgf] sfkLdf ;f/ / cfgf] ufps“ f c;n dflg;nfO{
;f]w . pgn] atfPsf s'/fx¿ cfgf] sfkLdf nv] L sIffdf ;g' fpm .

#= tn lbOPsf s/' fx¿dWo] c;n Jojxf/ s'gsg' x'g,\ n]v M
-s_ af6f] ddt{ ug{]
-v_ sn' f] eTsfpg]
-u_ wf/f, Ogf/ ;kmf ug]{
-3_ ;8sdf kmfx] f/] kmfNg]
-ª_ ljjfxdf vfgf agfOlbg]

$= /dfn] cfgf] cleefjs;“u c¿sf] enfOsf nflu pxf“x¿n] ug{'ePsf

sfdx¿sf] ljj/0f o;/L n]lvg\ M

• af6f] vGg] • s'nf] agfpg] • rf}tf/f] agfpg]

• ufp6“ f]n ;˚f ug]{ • ljBfno agfpg] • dlGb/ agfpg]

ltdL klg /dfn] h:t} cfgf] cleefjs;u“ ;fw] L pxfn“ ] c¿sf] enfOsf

nflu ug'{ePsf sfdsf] ljj/0f nv] .

d ufp“sf c;n dflg; vf]hL u/L ;Ddfg u5'{ . 17

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

PsfO – tLg ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg

kf7 – ! ckfªu\ x¿nfO{ ;xofu]

d j;GtL x“' . d bj' } cfv“ f bl] Vbg“ .
d]/f] xftsf] ;]tf] 58L b]v]/ xf]nf
5/l5d]ssf ;a}n] dnfO{ dbt
u5{g\ . tkfO“{ klg PsIf0f cfv“ f lrDd
ugx{' f;] \ t, slt sl7g xG' 5 . dnfO{
slt ;d:of k/s] f] xfn] f . To;n} ] dnfO{
tkfOx“{ ¿sf] ;xofu] sf] vfr“ f] 5 . dh:t}
;t] f] 58L lnP/ lx8“ g\ ] bl[ i6ljxLgx¿nfO{
bV] ge' of] eg] ;xofu] ugx{' f;] \ x} ⁄

d ufk] fn x“' . dnfO{ dfgl;s /fu] nfus] f] 5 . d klg ltdLx¿h:t}
dflg; x“' . d/] f klg ltdLx¿h:t} s]6fs]6Lx¿ 5g\ . olb ltd|f]
kl/jf/sf sfx] L dh:t} u/L lx8“ o\ f] / To:tf] jn] fdf c¿n] luHofof,]
lxsfo{ f,] xn] f“ u¥of] eg] ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < d cfi} fwL vfO/xs] f]
5' . lgsf] ePkl5 ltdLx¿h:t} xG' 5' . dnfO{ klg efs] nfU5, hf8f]
xG' 5 . dn} ] xf;] \ ud' fPsf] jn] fdf /fP] ,“ s/fP“ / hyfefjL nu' f nufP“
eg] dnfO{ /fdf| ] Jojxf/ u/ . dh:t} c¿ dfgl;s /fu] L, ;:' t
dgl:ylt ePsf, afN] g g;Sg] / sfg g;G' g] dflg;nfO{ klg ;xofu]

u/ . pgLx¿nfO{ glh:sfpm x} ⁄

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
7n" f sIffsf ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ljleGg ks| f/sf] ckfªu\ jf czStsf] clego ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
pgLx¿sf sIffsf ljBfyLx{ ¿n] clego eO/x5] eGg] s/' f yfxf kfpgx' b“' g} . cfgf] cufl8
ePsf jf ;d:ofdf k/s] f czSt jf ckfªu\ ;fyLnfO{ pgLx¿n] s;/L ;xofu] ubf{ /x5] g\
cjnfs] g u/L pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/cg;' f/ cfjZos ki[ 7kfi] f0f lbgx' f;] \ .

18 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdf| ] ;db' fodf sfx] L cfv“ f gbV] g] dflg; 5g\ eg] pgnfO{ ss] ] sfd ug{

;lhnf] / ss] ] sfd ug{ sl7g xG' 5 < ;fw] /] nv] .

;lhnf] sfd sl7g sfd

/l] 8of] ;G' g lx8“ 8n' ug{

@= ltdf| ] ;db' fodf cfv“ f gbV] g] dflg; 5g} g\ eg] c¿ sg' } ks| f/sf ckfªu\ x¿
xg' ;S5g\ . To:tf dflg;nfO{ ltdL s;/L ;xofu] u5f{} <

#= ltdL vn' f 7fpd“ f hfpm / cfv“ fdf k66\ L afw“ /] lzIfssf] lgbz{] gcg;' f/
sg' } vn] vn] . To;/L vN] bf ss] ] ;d:of xb“' f] /x5] sfkLdf nv] / sIffdf
;g' fpm .

$= dfgl;s ;Gtn' g 7Ls gePsf] dflg; el] 6of] eg] s] ugk{' 5{ <
h:t} M -s_ cfkmGtnfO{ lhDdf nufOlbg]
-v_ =================
-u_ =================

%= ;:' t dgl:ylt ePsfnfO{ s:tf] ;xofu] ugk{' 5{ <

^= tnsf ;fduL| x¿ s:tf JolStnfO{ cfjZos k5{ < nv] .

dfgl;s Pjd\ zf/Ll/s ckfªu\ nfO{ ;xofu] ug{' xfdf| ] stJ{ o xf] .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 19

kf7 – @ c;xfonfO{ dbt u/f“}

cfpm ;fyL cfpm
Pp6f uLt ufp,“
c;xfo bM' vLnfO{
dbt ug{ hfp“ .

xh/' aa' f xh/' cfdf
lx8“ g\ ;Sgx' G' g,
vfgf lbp,“ xft ;dfp“
xn] f“ ugx{' G' g .

6x' /' f 5g\ xfdf| ;fyL
5g} g\ afac' fdf
vfg lbp,“ nfpg lbp“
gnfp w/] } sfd .

la/fdL 5g\ sfx] L 3/df
k5{ xfd}| vfr“ f]
kfgL bp] m, cfi} flw bp] m
eg :jf:Yo hfr“ f“} .

ckfªu\ / c;xfo
xg' \ xfdLh:t}
dbt u/f“} ;a} ldnL
cfkt k/] s:t} .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿n] cfgf] 6fn] , l5ds] , af6f3] f6fd] f ckfªu\ / c;xfonfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ u5g{ \
cjnfs] g ugx{' f;] \ . pgLx¿n] /fdf| ] Jojxf/ u/s] f] bv] d] f :ofaf;L lbgx' f;] \ / g/fdf| ] Jojxf/ u/]
;Demfpg] / plrt ki[ 7kfi] f0f lbgx' f;] \ .

20 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

zAbfy{
c;xfo M cfgf] sfd cfkm“} ug{ g;Sg] / To:tf sfd ug{ c¿sf] ;xf/f

cfjZos kg{] dflg;

lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7df lbOPsf] uLt lzIfs ;u“ ;u“ } no xfn/] ufpm .

@= xfdLn] s;s;nfO{ dbt ugk{' 5{ <

#= ckfªu\ xg' af6 aRg] pkfox¿ tn lbOPsf] 5, To;nfO{ 7n" f7n" f cIf/df

nv] / sIffdf kb| zg{ u/ M
• ;8sdf k6] Laf6 dfq lx8“ f“} .
• ha] f| jm| ; / cfsf;k] n' af6 dfq af6f] sf6f“} .
• xtf/ u/L bf8} /] lx8“ g\ ] afgL cfhb} l] v 5f8f“} .
• le/klx/fs] f] glhs ghfcf,“} gvn] f“} .
• hyfefjL ¿v gr9f“} .
• hyfefjL cfuf] grnfcf“} .
• la/fdL xb“' f :jf:Yo rfs} L jf c:ktfndf hr“ fcf“} .
• ;f3“ /' f] af6fd] f la:tf/} leQflt/af6 lx8f}“ .
• gbL, kfv] /L jl/kl/ gvn] f“} .

$= tnsf jfSox¿ k9 / ug{ xg' ,] ug{ gxg' ] sfdx¿ tflnsfdf 56' 6\ f56' 6\ }

nv] M

• la/fdLnfO{ kfgL lbg]
• xh/' aa' fnfO{ zfr} fno nlulbg]
• 6x' /' f s6] fs6] LnfO{ luHofpg]
• ckfªu\ nfO{ dfof ug{]
• gafN] g] dflg;nfO{ luHofpg] .

ug{ xg' ] sfd ug{ gxg' ] sfd

!= !
@= @=
#= #=

xfdL ckfªu\ / c;xfox¿nfO{ ;xofu] u5f{}“ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 21

kf7 – # 5j' f5t' sf] cGTo u/f“}

xl//fdsf ufpd“ f w/] } hftsf dflg;
a;fa] f; u5g{ \ . Toxf“ Ifq] L, afxg' ,
kl/of/, nfx] f/, yf¿, d;' x/, ofbj,
sfo:y cflb 5g\ . Toxf“ Ps hftsf
dflg;n] csf{] hftsf dflg;n]
5f]Psf] vfg'x'“b}g eGg] rng
/xs] f] 5 .
Ps lbg ufpd“ f 7n" f] af9L cfof] .
af9Ln] k/" } ufp“ aufof] . ufpd“ f
5f6] n] fn d;' x/sf] 3/ dfq afs“ L /xs] f] lyof] .

dft] Lk;| fbsf] 3/ vt] klg aufof] . pgL hftn] afxg' xg' \ . ufpd“ f
5f6] n] fn afxs] s;s} f] 3/ klg lyPg . To;n} ] pgn] a:g] 7fp“ /
vfgs] /' f klg kfPgg\ . pgnfO{ ;fx}| efs] / ltvf{ nfUof] . efs] / ltvf{
vKg g;sk] l5 pgL 5f6] n] fnsf] 3/df uP . To; lbg 5f6] n] fnn]
agfPsf] vfgs] /' f dL7f] dfg/] vfP . 5f6] n] fnsf] ;xofu] L, ldng;f/
afgL bv] /] pgL lgs} v;' L eP . To;kl5 pgL eGg yfn,] ædflg;
dflg;aLr 5j' f5t' ug{ gxg' ] /x5] .
;a} dflg; Pp6} /x5] g\ .Æ

dgdfofsf] 6fn] df klg w/] } hftsf
dflg; a:5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
rfnrng klg km/skm/s 5 t/
Toxf“ hfltut ¿kdf eb] efj ug{]
rng 5g} . 6fn] df s;s} f] 3/df

22 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljjfx, kf:gL, jt| aGw, kh" fcfhf eof] eg] 6fn] sf ;ah} ftsf
dflg;nfO{ lgDtf] lbg] rng 5 . lgDtf] dfGg ;ah} gf cfp5“ g\ .
;u“ } a:5g,\ ;u“ } vfG5g\ / ;u“ } /dfOnf] u5g{ \ . slxns] fxL“ s;n} fO{
cfktljkt k¥of] eg] klg Toxf“ ufxf| ] xb“' g} . 6fn] df dlGb/ 5 .
dlGb/df klg ;u“ } kh" f u5g{ \ . kh" f/Ln] blntnfO{ klg 6Lsf nufO
lbG5g\ . 6fn] df ePsf] ;fjh{ lgs wf/fdf klg ;an} ] Ps7} fp“
nfOgdf a;/] kfgL yfK5g\ . dgdfofsf] 6fn] nfO{ ;an} ] gdg' f
6fn] sf] ¿kdf x5] g{ \ . cGo ufp“ / 6fn] sf dflg;n] klg dgdfofsf]
6fn] af6 w/] } s/' f l;ls;ss] f 5g\ . To;n} ] cfhefl] n w/] } ufp6“ fn] df
5j' f5t' sf] k/Dk/f x/fpb“ } uPsf] 5 .

ljm| ofsnfk

!= cufl8sf] lrqdf Pshgf dflg;n] lsg 56' 6\ } a;/] vfg vfPsf] xfn] f <
s] o:tf] ug{' /fdf| ] xf] <

@= s;n} ] ltdLn] 5fP] sf] vfGg, dnfO{ g5fp] m, d/] f] 3/df klg gk; egd] f
ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <

#= ltdL a;s] f] 7fpd“ f Pp6fn] 5fP] sf] csfn{ ] gvfg] rng 5, 5g} <
$= tn lbOPsf egfOx¿ Kns] f8d{ f ;f/ .

æ5j' f5t' aGb u/fÆ“}
æ;a} dflg; Ps} xfÆ“}
æxfdL ;as} f] /ut /ftf] 5Æ
æ5j' f5t' ug{' ;fdflhs ck/fw xfÆ]
æ5j' f5t' sf] Jojxf/ ugn{] fO{ ;fdflhs alx:sf/ u/fÆ“}
%= Kns] f8d{ f nl] vPsf gf/f nufpb“ } ;a} ldn/] 6fn] sf] kl/jm| df u/ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 23

kf7 – $ cGwljZjf;sf] kl5 gnfuf“}

ab' gLnfO{ kvfnf nfus] f] lyof] . pgsL lbbLn] wfdL afn] fP/ NofOg\ .
wfdLn] gf8L 5fd] / eg,] æltdLnfO{ bfa] f6fs] f] et" nfu5] . an] s' L
sv' /' fsf] kmn' /fv/] kh" f ugk{' 5{ .Æ To;} an] s' L cfP/ pgn] emf/kms'
klg ul/lbP t/ ab' gLnfO{ lgsf] ePg . ab' gLsL cfdfn] pgnfO{
:jf:Yo rfs} L nlug\ . :jf:Yo
rfs} Lsf 8fS6/n] cfi} fwL lbb“ }
eg,] ‘‘tkfO{“ :jf:Yo rfs} L cfP/
7Ls uge{' of] .’’

of] ;;+ f/df et" kt]| 5g} . of]
;a} em6" f] s/' f xf] . /fu] t
sL6f0fn' ] ubf{ nfU5 . 8fS6/n]
a'bgLsf] lb;fdf ePsf
sL6f0fx' ¿ ;I" dbzs{ oGqåf/f
bv] fOlbP . ab' gLn] klg sL6f0f'
xl] /g\ . cabl] v pgL et" kt]| df ljZjf; ug{ 5fl8g\ . wfdLsf]
cGwljZjf;df k/s] f] eP ab' gLsf] Hofg hfg ;SYof] .

ab' gL lgsf] eP/ ljBfno hfb“ } lyOg\ . af6fd] f Pp6f dflg; ple/xs] f]
ab' gLn] bl] vg\ . pgn] ;fl] wg\ , æbfO lsg pleO/xge' Psf] <Æ tL
dflg;n] eg,] æx/] gfgL clxn] ev/{ } la/fnfn] af6f] sf6o\ f] . s;' fOt
kl/xfNof] . hfp“ ls kms{“' eg/] ;fr] /] al;/xs] L ab' gLn] elgg,\

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fg}b]lv cGwljZjf;af6 6f9f /fVg'k5{ . To:tf cGwljZjf; klxrfg u/L
To;sf] kl5 gnfUg cEof; u/fpgk' 5{ .

24 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

æPp6f hLjn] af6f] lx8“ b\ f csf{] hLjnfO{ s;' fOt kg{] xfO] g . ;an} fO{
cf–cfgf] af6f] lx8“ g\ ] clwsf/ 5 . a? tkfO{“ oxL“ al;/xg' eof] eg]
l9nf] eP/ tkfOs{“ f] sfd lauG| 5 . clg kf] s;' fOt k5{ t . o:tf
cGwljZjf;sf] kl5 nfUgx' b“' g} bfO, cfpgx' f;] \ .Æ

ljm| ofsnfk

!= cGwljZjf; egs] f] s] xf] <

@= cf–cfgf] ;dx" df a;L cfgf] ufp÷“ 6fn] df kr| lnt cGwljZjf;x¿sf
af/d] f 5nkmn u/ / ltgsf] l6kf6] klg u/ .

#= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf] vfnL 7fp“df lbOPsf zAbx¿ ldNg] u/L /fv]/
k"/f u/ .

ljgfb] ;fe“ mdf aflx/ lg:sg 8/fpY“ of] . aflx/ et" cfp5“ eg/] pm 8/fPsf]
lyof] . Pslbg pm vfgf vfP/ xft wg' aflx/ lg:ss] f] lyof] . cfu“ g
glhs} p;n] sx] L ================ h:tf] bV] of] . pm 8/fof] . et" et" egL ?g
yfNof] . pgsL lbbL bf8} /] aflx/ cfOg\ . ljgfb] n] lbbLnfO{ ================
bv] fof] . ;?' df lbbL klg eml:sOg\ . et" n] ================ xNnfO /x] h:tf]
nfUof] . t/ pgn] ljBfnodf et" cGwljZjf; dfq xf] eg/] k9s] L lyOg\ .
To;n} ] pgn] ================ aflng\ / glhs} uP/ xl] /g\ . Toxf“ t kmn" sf]
af]6 xfjfn] xlNnPsf] /x5] . ljgfb] / pgsL lbbL bj' } ================
k/] . To; lbgbl] v ljgfb] cGwljZjf;sf] kl5nfUg 5f8] o\ f] .

xlNnP et" xft aQL 5Ss

jf:tljs s'/f yfxf gkfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] ljZjf; ug'{ 25
cGwljZjf; xf] .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

PsfO – rf/ gful/s rt] gf

kf7 – ! cfk;L ;xofu]

bLkf sIff tLgdf k9l\ 5g\ . pgsf] 3/af6 ljBfno kU' g cfwf 306f
nfU5 . Ps lbg bLkf ljBfno uO/xs] L lyOg\ . af6f] ;f3“ /' f] lyof] .
pgL af6fd] f nl8g\ . Tolt jn] f c¿ dflg;x¿ klg pgsf] kl5kl5
cfO/xs] f /x5] g\ . pgLx¿n] bLkfnfO{ p7fP . sx] L ;do lx8“ k] l5
bfa] f6f] cfof] . bLkfsf] ljBfno hfg] af6f] / tL dflg;x¿ hfg] af6f]
km/s lyof] . bLkfn] elgg,\ æd ;fgL 5' . dnfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k¥' ofOlbgx' f;] \ g .Æ æxG' 5 lg gfgL, xfdL ltdLnfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k'¥ofOlbp“nf .Æ
To;kl5 pgLx¿n]
bLkfnfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k'¥ofOlbP . pgsf]
gd|tf / lzi6
af]nLrfnLn] ubf{
glrg]sf dflg;n]
;dt] bLkfnfO{ ;xofu]
u/] . bLkfn]
ltgLx¿nfO{ wGojfb
lbOg\ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ cfgf] 3/kl/jf/, ;fyL;ªu\ lt, ljBfno / cGo hg' ;s' } 7fpd“ f cfjZos
;xofu] lng] / lbg] afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpgk' 5{ . ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ckl/lrt dflg;;u“ klg
;xofu] lng / lbg] tl/sf l;sfpgx' f;] \ .

26 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk

!= bLkfn] lsg ;xofu] kfOg\ <
@= bLkfsf] h:t} ;d:of ltdLnfO{ kbf{ s;/L ;xofu] lnG5f} < n]v .
#= ltdLn] ;fdflhs cWoog k9fpg] lzIfsnfO{ zlgjf/ Ps lbg cfgf]

3/glhs} 8N' b} cfpge' Psf] bV] of} < tn lbOPsf sfdx¿dWo] ltdL ss] ]
u5f,{} ldnfP/ nv] M
-s_ u?' sf] cufl8 hfg]
-v_ 3/leq nS' g]
-u_ gd:sf/ ug]{
-3_ 3/ cfpgx' f;] \ eg/] afn] fpg]
-ª_ nfh dfg/] efUg] .

$= sg' } ckl/lrt JolSt;u“ lrghfg ugk{' ¥of] eg] ltdL s;/L u5f,{} clego
u//] bv] fpm .

%= glrgs] f] dflg;;u“ klxnfk] 6s e6] b\ f afN] gk' g{] s/' fx¿ nv] M
h:t} M oxfs“ f] ze' gfd ========================================================
==========================================================================
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
wGojfb .

glrgs] f JolSt;u“ cfjZos k/] ;xofu] lng' / lbgk' 5{ . 27

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – @ c;n Jojxf/

;d' g sIff tLgdf k95\ g\ . pgsf] 3/ gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] ljhorfs]
ufpd“ f k5{ . pgL ;fgb} l] v ldlxgt] L 5g\ . pgL cfgf efOalxgLnfO{
cfkm;" u“ ljBfno nh} fG5g\ . To;u} /L jl/kl/sf cfkme" Gbf ;fgf
;fyLx¿nfO{ klg ljBfno ;u“ } nh} fG5g\ .

pgL cfkme" Gbf 7n" fnfO{ cfb/ u5g{ \ . cfkmn" ] glrgs] f dflg;nfO{
klg pgLx¿sf] pd/] cg;' f/ xh/' aa' f, xh/' cfdf, sfsf, sfsL, bfh,'
lbbL eg/] ;Dafw] g u/L afn] fp5“ g\ . c;n afgLax] f/] fn] ubf{ jl/kl/sf
;an} ] pgsf] kz| ;+ f u5g{ \ .

Pslbg ;d' g ljBfno hfb“ }
lyP . To;j} n] f sx] L dflg;nfO{
;d' gn] af6fdf e6] ] . tL
dflg;nfO{ pgn] lrg]sf
lyPgg\ . pgLx¿ ;d' gsf]
ljBfno xg] { cfPsf lyP .
pgLx¿nfO{ pgsf] ljBfno
hfg] af6f] yfxf lyPg . pgLx¿n] ;'dgnfO{ ;f]w,] æafa', /fli6o«
kf| ylds ljBfno hfg] af6f] stf xf] <Æ ;d' gn] eg,] æd ToxL
ljBfnodf k95\ ' . lx8“ g\ x' f;] \ g, d tkfOx{“+ ¿nfO{ ljBfno;Dd
k¥' ofOlbG5' .Æ To;kl5 pgLx¿ ;d' g;u“ uP . ;d' gn] u/s] f] ;xofu] af6
pgLx¿ v;' L eP . ;an} ] of] t c;n s6] f] /x5] egL kz| ;+ f u/] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLs{ f] c;n Jojxf/sf] cjnfs] g u/L ;w' f/sf nflu ki[ 7kfi] f0f lbgx' f;] \ . lzIfs / cleefjsn]
hlxn] / hxf;“ s' } ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] Jojxf/ cjnfs] g ul//xgk' 5{ / cfjZos ki[ 7kfi] f0f lbgk' 5{ .

28 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ;d' g cfkmn" ] glrgs] f dflg;nfO{ s] eg/] afn] fp5“ g\ <

@= lsg ;d' gnfO{ ;an} ] c;n s6] f] eG5g\ <

#= ;d' gn] cfkmn" ] glrgs] f dflg;nfO{ s;/L ;xofu] u/] <

$= ljBfno hfb“ f ltdf| ] ;fdfg x/fof] eg] s;/L c¿;u“ ;xofu] lnG5f} <
nv] .

%= Ps lbg ei" f0f / pgsf aa' f ahf/ 8N' g uPsf lyP . ahf/df dflg;sf]
eL8 lyof] . Tof] eL8df cNdlnP/ pgL aa' faf6 56' l\ 6P . ei" f0fnfO{ 3/
hfg] af6f] yfxf lyPg . ahf/df pgn] c¿nfO{ lrgs] f klg lyPgg\ . ca
pgL s;/L 3/ cfOkU' g ;Snfg\ < ;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn u/L nv] . olb
ltdL eP s] uYof{} <

^= tnsf] h:t} tflnsf agfpm / ltdLn] Ps xKtf;Dd u/s] f c;n sfdx¿
nv] L lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm . kfnk} fnf] sIffdf klg ;g' fpm .

ldlt cfkm" n] u/s] f] c;n sfd

@)^@ df3 !& ut] ;fd] jf/ ;fyLnfO{ sIff sfo{ ug{ l;;fsnd
lbP/

xfdL ;a;} u“ c;n Jojxf/ u5f“{} . 29

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – # xfdf| ] kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbf

pldn{ fsf] 3/ dfbgs8“' f/Ldf
k5{ . of] sfe]| knf~rfs]
lhNnfsf] blIf0fkj" { Ifq] df
cjl:yt 5 . pgsf]
lhNnfdf jghª\un,
gbLgfnf cflb 5g\ .
lhNnfdf /xs] f jghªu\ n
;/+ If0fsf nflu ;fdb' flos
jg pkefS] tf ;ldltx¿
5g\ . pgsf] ufpd“ f klg jg pkefS] tf ;ldlt 5 . Tof] jg pkefS] tf
;ldltn] cfgf] Ô]qsf] jg hf]ufPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ To; jgdf
;–;fgf la?jfx¿ xl' sP{ / 7n" f7n" f ePsf 5g\ . tL la?jfx¿ xs' k{] l5
klx/f] hfg klg 5f8s] f] 5 . clxn] Toxf“ do/" , h/' n] L, 9s' /' , ;f/f,“}
nfdkR' 5«] h:tf r/fr?' ªu\ Lx¿ / du[ , lrtj' f, af3, nfv] s,{] v/fof]
cflb hgfj/x¿ bl] vg yfns] f 5g\ .

jgsf] xl/ofnL bv] /] pldn{ fsf ufpa“ f;Lx¿ v;' L ePsf 5g\ . ;a}
ufpn“ x] ¿ ldn/] jn] fjn] fdf :ofpnf / 3f;“ sf6g\ ] Joj:yf ldnfPsf
5g\ . afe“ mf] hUufdf ;G' tnf, wk" L, sfef| ,] sfO] /fnf,] s6' ld/f,] bl' wnf] /
Olknsf la?jfx¿ /fk] s] f 5g\ . tL la?jfx¿ /fK] g] sfddf pldn{ fn]
klg ;xofu] ul/g\ .

tn aUg] rf/} L vfn] fn] hldg s6fgL u//] x/} fg kf/s] f] lyof] . To;n} ]

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ cfgf] jl/kl/sf kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/+ Ô0f ug{] sfod{ f ;xefuL u/fpgx' f;] \ .
kfgLsf] ;f| t] ;kmf /fVg,] af6] la?jfx¿sf] dg' f gr8' g\ ,] kmfx] f/] Knfl:6s hyfefjL gofS“ g]
afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpg'xf];\ . tflnsfdf lbOPsf] af]6la?jfsf] gfd kQf nufpg lbg'xf];\ /
;a}eGbf a9L ldnfpgn] fO{ k/' :st[ klg ug{ ;Sgx' G' 5 .

30 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

pgLx¿n] gbLdf afw“ afw“ /] df6f] au/] hfg glbg jI[ f/fk] 0f klg u/] .
To;kl5 vfn] fn] hldg s6fg u/s] f] 5g} . ;a} ufpn“ s] f] ko| f;n] ubf{
jghªu\ n hfl] uPsf] 5 . o;af6 pgLx¿nfO{ w/] } kmfObf ePsf] 5 .
To;n} ] xfdLn] klg pldn{ fsf ufpn“ n] ] h:t} jghªu\ n, vfn] fgfnf,

vlgh, df6f] cflbsf] ;/+ If0f ugk{' 5{ .

ljm| ofsnfk

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] hjfkm bp] m M

-s_ ltdf| ] glhss} f] jghªu\ n hfu] fpg ss] ] sfd ugk{' nf{ <
-v_ pldn{ fsf ufpn“ x] ¿n] rf/} Lvfn] fn] hldg sfl6/xs] f] s;/L /fs] ] <
-u_ ltdf| ] lhNnfdf sg' sg' vlghx¿ kfOG5g\ < nv] .
-3_ lsg xfdLn] df6fs] f] ;/+ If0f ugk{' 5{ <

@= tnsf] tflnsf sfkLdf ;f//] ldNg] cIf/x¿ /v] fn] 3/] L af6] la?jfsf
gfd kQf nufpm M
s' 6 ld /f] /f] of] k ;L nf O
w' n zf d cf ; df g l; ;f}
kL b' lw nf] u' /f} ; Nnf] d nf}
k ; kf g /f“ x ;L n n gL
n sf r kf ; tL df ;f lb d
o / n h] O t] nL n b n
a / if l; k} o“' n lr nf} g]

#= tn sx] L kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿ lbPsf 5g,\ ltgsf] ;/+ If0f s;/L ugk{' nf{ <

kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbf s;/L ;/+ If0f ug{]

-s_ df6f]

-v_ hªu\ n

$= ltdf| ] cfgf] ljBfno jf 7fp“ glhs ePsf kfgLsf ;f| t] x¿ sxf“sxf“
5g\ < ltgLx¿ ss] ] sfdsf nflu ko| fu] xg' ] u/s] f 5g,\ sIffdf ;fyL;u“
5nkmn u/ .

lhNnfdf ePsf kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/+ If0f ugk{' 5{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 31

kf7 – $ ;fdflhs lgodsf] kfngf

8fN] df du' ' lhNnfdf al:5g\ . pgL sIff tLgdf k9l\ 5g\ . hf8fs] f]
56' l\ 6df 8fN] df klg pgsf aa' f;u“ sf7df8f“} 3D' g uOg\ . aa' fn]
pgnfO{ sf7df8fs“} f ljleGg 7fpx“ ¿ 3d' fpge' of] . pgsf aa' fn]
pgnfO{ sf6] Z] j/, afgZ] j/, aa/dxn, dfOtL3/, l;x+ b/af/, ebs| fnL
xb“' } /Tgkfs{ k¥' ofpge' of] . ;8sdf pgn] w/] } ;ªs\ t] x¿ bl] vg\ .
sf6] Z] j/ kU' bf /ftf] aQL an/] pgLx¿ r9s] f] df6] / /fl] sof] . Toxf“
pgn] ha] f| jm| l;ª klg bl] vg\ . clg pgn] aa' fnfO{ ;fl] wg,\ æaa' f, lsg
oxfa“ f6 dflg;x¿ lx8“ s] f xfn] fg\ <Æ a'afn] eGg'eof,] æ;'g 5f/] L,
oL cUnf vDafdf /ftf] aQL an]sf] j]nfdf rfnsn] df]6/x¿
/f]Sg'k5{ . kxn“] f] aQL aNbf
;ts{ xg' k' 5{ / xl/of] aQL
aNbf dfq df6] / u8' fpgk' 5{ .
af6f] kf/ ubf{ ha] f| jm| l;ªaf6
dfq af6f] sf6\g'k5{ .
ha] f| jm| l;ª;u“ } a6j' fnfO{ af6f]
sf6g\ csf{] aQL /flvPsf]
xG' 5 . tL aQLdf dflg;sf]
;ªs\ t] lbOPsf] x'G5 . Toxf“ xl/of] /ªsf] aQL aNbf dfq
af6f] sf6\g'k5{ . /ftf] aQL aNbf af6f] sf6g\ x' b“' g} .Æ

csf{] lbg pgLx¿ :joDe" uP . Toxf“ bzg{ ugx{] ¿sf] nfOg lyof] .
8fN] df / pgsf aa' f klg nfOgdf a;] . bO' { 306fkl5 pgLx¿sf]

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;fg} pd/] bl] v ;fdflhs lgodsf] kfngf ug{] afgL a;fNgx' f;] \ . To;u} /L Kns] f8{
agfpg nufO{ sIffsf7] f, aur“} f, zfr} fno / rf/} df 6f:“ g nufpgx' f;] \ / ;fc] g;' f/ kfngf ug{
nufpgx' f;] \ .

32 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kfnf] cfof] . pgLx¿n] :joDes" f] bzg{ u//] kmlsP{ . :joDes" f] bzg{
ug{ nfOgdf a;s] f] jn] fdf 8fN] dfn] leQfdf Pp6f ;r" gf bl] vg\ .
To;df nl] vPsf] lyof,] ænfOgdf a;f“} / :joDes" f] bzg{ u/f“} .Æ

zAbfy{ M

ha] f| jm| l;ª M ;8sdf af6f] sf6g\ sf nflu agfOPsf] ;t] f] /v] fsf] ;ªs\ t]
Kns] f8{ M afSnf] sfuhdf kb| zg{ ug{] nl] vPsf] ;Gbz] dn" s ;r" gf
kDKn6] M 3/, leQf jf ;fjh{ lgs :ygx¿df 6f:“ g agfOPsf] ;r" gf jf ;Gbz]

lj|mofsnfk

!= tn lbPsf 6f« lkms ;ªs\ t] x¿ sfkLdf ;f/ / kfngf u/ M

xl/of] aQL vt/f af6f] sf6\g] /ftf] aQL a; la;fg} L lx“8\g gx'g]

af6f] sf6g\ ] 7fp“ /fl] sg] 7fp“

@= æhyfefjL lb;flk;fa gu/fÆ“} , ækfgL pdfn/] dfq lkcfÆ“} , æ;fjh{ lgs
;DklQsf] ;/+ If0f u/fÆ“} , ædf6f] hfu] fpg jI[ f/fk] 0f u/f“} Æ h:tf gf/fx¿
/fvL kDKn6] sf] gdg' f agfpm / sIffdf k:| tt' u/ . h:t} M
kfgL pdfn/] dfq lkcf“} .

#= ltdf| ] ufpd“ f kw“ /] f,] dn] fkjd{ f hfb“ f ss] :tf lgodx¿ kfngf ugk{' 5{ <

tnsf] h:t} u/L nv] M

-s_ kw“ /] f] – kfnf] kvg{ ]

-v_ dlGb/ – ====================

-u_ dn] fkj{ – ====================

$= ljBfnodf ljBfyLx{ ¿n] kfngf ugk{' g{] lgodx¿sf] Kns] f8{ agfpm . tL

Kns] f8n{ fO{ sIffsf7] f, zfr} fno / aur“} fdf nu/] /fv / ;fc] g;' f/

kfngf u/ .

;fdflhs lgodx¿sf] kfngf u/f“} .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 33

kf7 – % d/] f] j8fsf] agf6] / sfd

;fljqL / ;h' gsf] 3/ eStk/' gu/kflnsf j8f g=+ !& df kb5{ .
pgLx¿sf] j8fsf] kj" d{ f Otf5“] / ;o" l{ jgfos kb5{ . blIf0fdf s6~' h]
uflj; / c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ 5 . klZrddf xgd' Gt] vfn] f / pQ/df
bj' fsf6] uflj; kb5{ .

pgLx¿sf] 3/;u“ } kjg, ;dL/, dfOnf / ;G' tnLsf] 3/ 5 .
pgLx¿sf] j8fdf bw" kf6L, rg' bj] L, ;Nnf3f/L, l;hg{ fgu/ cflb
a:tLx¿ 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] j8fdf xgd' Gt] vfn] f, l;4kfv] /L, eStk/'
a;kfs,{ vn] db} fg cflb /xs] f 5g\ .

;fljqL / ;h' gsf] j8fdf vfgk] fgL, 9n lgsf;,
ljBt' ,\ ;8s / 6l] n˚fg] sf] /fdf| ] ;l' jwf 5 .
pgLx¿sf] j8fdf eStk/' c:ktfn k5{ .

oxf“ j8f ;ldltsf] sfofn{ o 5 . of] bw" kf6Ldf
/xs] f] 5 . o;n] cfgf] j8fsf] ljsf;df
klg Wofg k¥' ofPsf] 5 . k/' fgf d7 dlGb/x¿sf]
hL0ff]{4f/ u/]/ snfsf}znsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfddf ;xof]u
k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

;fljqL / pgsf ;fyLx¿ To:tf sfod{ f ;xefuL xG' 5g\ . af6f3f6f,
kn' kn' ;] f cflbsf] lgdf0{ f u/L j8faf;LnfO{ cfjthfjtdf ;l' jwf
kb| fg u/s] f] 5 . j8fsf] ljsf;sf nflu hgtfx¿n] :yfgLo hgkl| tlglw

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ cfgf] j8fsf] l;dfgfsf] gS;f agfpg / j8f ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] gfdfjnL
;ªs\ ng ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . To:tf sfod{ f ;xefuL xg' kl]| /t ugx{' f;] \ . cleefjssf] ;xofu]
klg lng nufpgx' f;] \ .

34 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

5fgs] f 5g\ . Pp6f j8f ;ldltdf Ps hgf j8f cWoIf, Ps hgf
dlxnf ;b:o / c¿ tLg hgf ;b:ox¿ xG' 5g\ . o;/L kfr“ hgfsf]
j8f ;ldlt aG5 .

zAbfy{

;/+ Ô0f M hfu] fpg' tyf arfpg] sfd
hL0ff4{] f/ M ddt{ tyf kg' lgd{ f0{ f ug{] sfd

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL slt g=+ j8fdf a:5f} <

@= ltdf| ] j8fsf] kj" ,{ klZrd, pQ/ / blIf0fdf sg' sg' 7fpx“ ¿ 5g\ < cfgf]
j8fsf] gS;f agfpm / bv] fpm .

#= ltdf| ] j8fdf sg' sg' ;l' jwfx¿ 5g\ <

$= j8f ;ldltn] ss] ] sfd ugk{' 5,{ To;sf] ;r" L agfpm .

%= ltdf| ] j8fsf] j8f cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] gfdfjnL cleefjs;u“ ;fw] /]
tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M

kb gfd
-s_ j8f cWoIf
-v_ dlxnf ;b:o
-u_ ;b:o
-3_ ;b:o
-ª_ ;b:o

^= cfgf] j8fsf] ljsf;df ltdLn] ss] ] sfd ugk{' 5,{ ;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn
u//] nv] .

d cfgf] j8fsf] l;dfgf, ;b:ox¿sf] gfd atfpg /
ljsf; sfod{ f ;xefuL xg' ;S5' .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 35

PsfO – kf“r xfdf| ] kY[ jL

kf7 – ! d a;s] f] 7fp“

sn' axfb/' sf] 3/ gfDb' ufpd“ f 5 . of] ufp“ bfn] vf lhNnfdf k5{ .
bfn] vf Pp6f kxf8L lhNnf xf] . sn' axfb/' sf] ufp“ kxf8df ePsfn]
Toxf“ cUnf, xfr] f 8f8“ fx¿ 5g\ . Toxf“ a;“] Lx¿ klg 5g\ . kfvfx¿
klg 5g\ . pgsf] ufpd“ f df6] / af6f] klg 5 . pgsf] ufps“ f] kj" k{ 6l\ 6
kf8“ v' fn] f / klZrdk6l\ 6 tfdfsf;] L k5{ . pgsf] ufpd“ f Pp6f
ljBfno 5 . ljBfnosf] 5]pdf :jf:Yorf}sL klg 5 . pgsf]
ufp“eGbf pQ/k6\l6 uf/} Lzªs\ / lxdfn 5 . lxdfn} lxdfn ePsf]
7fpn“ fO{ lxdfnL kb| z] elgG5 . lxdfnL kb| z] df w/] } hf8f] xG' 5 .

;fgd' o} f sf7df8fd“} f
al:5g\ . sf7df8f“}
g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] ;x/ xf] . of]
xfdf| ] bz] sf] /fhwfgL
klg xf] . sf7df8f}“
Pp6f pkTosf xf] .
pkTosf eg]sf]
jl/kl/ 8f8fn“ ] 3/] s] f]

aLrdf ;Dd k/s] f] 7fp“ xf] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
o; kf7df afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm" a:g] gu/kflnsf jf ufp“ ljsf; ;ldltsf] w/ftnLo
:j¿ksf] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L lbg vfl] hPsf] 5 . To;n} ] afnaflnsfnfO{ k9g\ nufO{ pgLx¿
a;f]af; u/]sf] g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= sf] w/ftnLo :j¿kaf/] sIffdf pgLx¿af6} 5nkmn
u/fpg'xf];\ . tkfOn“{ ] klg w/ftnLo :j¿kaf/] yk hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;xofu] ul/lbgx' f;] \ .

36 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

;Gtfi] f wgu9Ldf a:5g\ . wgu9L ;b' "/klZ~rdsf] 7n" f] ;x/ xf] .
of] t/fO{ kb| z] df kb5{ . t/fO{ kb| z] egs] f] ;dy/ 7fp“ xf] . oxf“
;fOsn, l/S;f, df6] / yk' }| rNb5g\ . oxf“ w/] h} ;f] udL{ xG' 5 .

ljm| ofsnfk

!= 7Ls pQ/ 5fg/] vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ d a;s] f] 7fp“ ============ xf] . -gu/kflnsf÷ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt_
-v_ d a;s] f] 7fp“ ============ kb| z] df k5{ . -lxdfnL, kxf8L, t/fO_{
-u_ d a;s] f] 7fpd“ f ========= xG' 5 . -w/] } udL,{ g hf8f] g udL,{ w/] } hf8f_]
-3_ d ljBfno hfb“ f ========= af6f] lx8“ 5\ ' . -psfnf,] cf/] fnf,] ;dy/_

@= cfgf cleefjs cyjf lzIfs;u“ ;fw] /] nv] M
-s_ ltdL a;s] f] ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] gfd s] xf] <
-v_ ltdL a;s] f] 7fpd“ f sg' sg' oftfoft ;l' jwf 5 <
-u_ ltdL a;s] f] 7fp“ sg' c~rndf k5{ <

#= ltdL a;s] f] 7fpd“ f ss] ] 5g\ ;r" L agfpm M

!= gbL @= ;8s

# $=
%= ^=
&= *=

(= !)=

$= cf˚" a;s] f] 7fps“ f] lrq agfpm M

d ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfdf a:5' . d a;s] f] 7fp“
lxdfn÷kxf8÷t/fO÷{ pkTosfdf k5{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 37

kf7 – @ d/] f] ;/] fk] m/] f]

of] abL| sf] ufp“ xf] . abL|

bfr'{nf lhNnfsf]

ufs] n' Z] j/ eGg] ufpd“ f e/tk/' sf] t:jL/

a:5g\ . oxf“ w/] } udL{ / pknAw 5g} .

w/] } hf8f] xb“' g} . udL{ ofddf

kfgL k5{ . oxfs“ f dflg;

cfn,' sfb] f,] ds,} wfg / uf/} fkjd{ f ;xefuL dlxnfx¿
kmnkmn" sf vt] L u5g{ \ .

sfx] L Jofkf/ u5g{ \ . o;sf] jl/kl/ kxf8} kxf8 5g\ . oxf“ uLt

ufpg] / gfRg] k/Dk/f 5 . oxfs“ f dflg; uf/} f kj{ ljzi] f ¿kn]

dgfp5“ g\ .

uLtf e/tk/' df al:5g\ . e/tk/' lrtjg lhNnfdf k5{ . lrtjg
leqL dw;] df kb5{ . of] ;dy/ hldgn] ags] f] 5 . e/tk/' df klg
w/] h} ;f] udL{ xG' 5 . lxpb“ df kxf8sf] tn' gfdf Gofgf] xG' 5 . udL{
ofddf w/] } kfgL k5{, lxp“b ofddf sd kfgL k5{ .

e/tk/' gu/kflnsfsf] kj" k{ 6l\ 6 hªu\ n 5 . of] hªu\ nnfO{ l6sfn} Lsf]
hªu\ n eGb5g\ . klZrdk6l\ 6 gf/fo0fL gbL 5 . gf/fo0f3f6
ahf/ klg oxL“ kb5{ .

e/tk/' df oftfoftsf] /fdf| ] ;l' jwf 5 . dlnnf] df6f] ePsfn] oxf“

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ cfgf] uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=sf] efu} fl] ns / cflys{ cj:yfsf] cjnfs] g ug{ nufO{
To;sf] ;fdfGo j0fg{ ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . pgLx¿nfO{ :ynut ed| 0f u/fO{ To;sf] j0fg{ ug{
nufpgx' f;] \ .

38 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

wfg, tf/] L w/] } kmN5 . of] gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;
a:5g\ . oxf“ sfx] L Jofkf/ u5g{ \ eg] sfx] L gfs] /L ub5{ g\ . oxfs“ f
w/] h} ;f] dflg; lxGb' / af4} wd{ dfGb5g\ .

lj|mofsnfk

!= abL| cyjf uLtfn] h:t} ltdL klg cfkm" a;s] f] 7fps“ f] j0fg{ u/ .
d ========== ufp÷“ gu/kflnsfdf a:5' . d/] f] ufp÷“ gu/kflnsfsf]
kj" k{ 6l\ 6======== 5 . klZrdk{ 6l\ 6 =========== 5 . d a;s] f] ufp÷“ gu/df
=========== ofddf kfgL k5{ . oxfs“ f dflg; ========== k;] f u5g{ \ . oxf“
======== cGg kmN5 . oxf“ xfjfkfgLcg;' f/ ========== nu' f nufOG5 .

@= cfgf] cleefjs tyf lzIfsnfO{ ;fw] /] nv] .
ltdL a;s] f] ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf=======
• j8f g=+ =============
• xfjfkfgL M udL{ ÷ hf8f] ÷l7Sssf]
• hfthflt =========
• wd{ =========

#= lrq lrg / gfd 5fg/] nv] M
kxf8L kb| z]

t/fO{ kb| z]

lxdfnL kb| z]

leqL dw;]

pkTosf

d d/] f] ufps“ f] kl/ro lbg ;S5' . 39

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – # d a;s] f] 7fps“ f] ¿k/v] f

Ps lbg afs“ ] lhNnfsf] /fli6o« kf| ylds ljBfnosf ljBfyLx{ ¿
z}lIfs e|d0fdf uP . lzIfsn] pgLx¿ a;]sf] ufp“sf] e|d0f
u/fpge' of] . lzIfs;u“ pgLx¿n] /dfO/{ dfO{ cfgf] ufpd“ f ePsf
s/' fx¿ x/] ] . Toxf“ pgLx¿n] :jf:Yo rfs} L bv] ] . To:t} 7n" f] vN] g]
rf/} klg bv] ] . sg' s} g' } af6fx¿ 7n" f / km/flsnf lyP . 3D' b} hfb“ f
Toxf“ xn' fs3/ klg bv] ] . xn' fs 3/sf] kj" k{ 6l\ 6 kx| /L rfs} L klg
lyof] . To;eGbf sx] Lk/ dlGb/ klg /x5] . dlGb/sf] pQ/k6l\ 6 hªu\ n

lyof] . pgLx¿n] Toxf“ c¿
klg w/] } s/' fx¿ bv] ] . ed| 0f
ul/;sk] l5 lzIfsn] ;a}
ljBfyL{nfO{ Ps 7fp“df
hDdf uge{' of] . To;kl5
lzIfsn] eGge' of,] æolb
xfdLn] xjfOh{ xfhdf a;/]
tn xfdf| ] ufp“ x]¥of}“ eg]
s:tf] b]lvG5 xf]nf <Æ
/dfn] elgg\, æ;fgf] b]lvG5 xf]nf ;/ .Æ

cjZo xf] . xfdLn] cUnf] 7fpa“ f6 sg' } s/' f xb] f{ ;fgf] bl] vG5 . xfdf| ]
ufp“ klg cUnf] 7fpa“ f6 xb] f{ o:t} bl] vG5 .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfgf] ufp“ jf gu/sf] ed| 0f u/fO{ Toxfs“ f dV' odV' o s/' fx¿ cjnfs] g
ug{ nufO{ gS;fdf ;dfjz] ug{ l;sfpgx' f;] \ . ;fy} cUnf] 7fpa“ f6 xfr] f] 7fpd“ f sg' } j:t' xb] f{
s:tf] bl] vG5 . To;sf] cjnfs] g klg ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

40 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL klg cfgf] lzIfs;“u e|d0fdf hfpm / Toxf“ ePsf d'Vod'Vo
s'/fx¿ x]/ . cfkmn" fO{ yfxf gePsf s/' fx¿ lzIfsnfO{ ;fw] /] nv] .
ltdf| ] ;db' fodf ltdLn] ed| 0f ubf{ bv] s] f s/' fx¿ ss] ] xg' \ < jm| d;} u“ nv] .
-s_ ============
-v_ ===========
-u_ ===========
-3_ ===========
-ª_ ==========

@= ltdf| ] ufp÷“ gu/sf] rf/t} kms{ f] l;dfgf nv] M
kj" { =========== klZrd =========== pQ/ =========== blIf0f===========

#= ltdf| ] sIffsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ ldn/] cfkmn" ] ed| 0f u/s] f] 7fps“ f] gS;f
agfpg] cEof; u/ . gS;f agfpg cfgf] lzIfs;u“ ;xofu] dfu .

$= ltdL vn' f rf/} jf 7fpd“ f hfpm . Toxfa“ f6 glhs / 6f9fsf 3/x¿ x/] .
ltdLn] tL 3/x¿ sqf bV] of,} nv] / sIffdf lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

%= cfgf] 6f]n jf j8fsf] gS;f agfO{ Toxf“ /x]sf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿
e/ . h:t} M

ljBfno

;8s dlGb/

kfv] /L 41

vf]nf
d cfgf] ufp÷“ gu/sf] ;fdfGo gS;f sfg] { ;S5' .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – $ gS;fdf d a;s] f] 7fp“

d/] f] gfd ljjs] xf] . d lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf a:5' . of]
;x/ df/] ª lhNnfdf k5{ . of] gk] fns} dxŒjk0" f{ ;x/ xf] . d j8f
g=+ % df a:5' . cl:t dfq xfdL lzIfs;u“ zl} Ifs ed| 0f uof“} .
xfdLnfO{ pxfn“ ] xfdf| ] gu/kflnsfsf] dV' odV' o 7fpx“ ¿ 3d' fpge' of] .
Toxf“ tn gS;fdf lbOPsf 7fpx“ ¿ bV] of}“ M

w/fg /f8] p

;@;@ ;@;@@;;@

rfs] ;;@@@;/ª;@;@@;\un] ;;@@;@L /;@;@;@f8] ;ª\s]thfu] agL /f8]
b"w sf/vfgf
ljdfg:yn
a;kfs{
SofDk;
c:ktfn
;;;@@@@;;;@@@;;@;@ /fi6« a}ª\s
dlGb/
6f« l˚s sfof{no
;;@;@@@@;;;@;;@@@; /ª\uzfnf

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;d'bfosf] e|d0f u/fO{ Toxf“sf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿ cjnf]sg u/fO;sk] l5
gS;fdf ;ªs\ t] ;lxt eg{ l;sfpgx' f;] \ .

42 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL ufpd“ f a:5f} ls ;x/df a:5f} <
@= ltdf| ] ufp“ cyjf ;x/df ePsf s/' f gS;fdf o;/L bv] fpgk' 5{ .

• gbL÷vfn] f
• af6f÷] ;8s
• tfn÷kfv] /L
• c:ktfn÷:jf:Yo rfs} L
• xjfO{ db} fg
dfly lbOPsf ;ªs\ t] x¿ cfgf] sfkLdf ;f/ / kb| zg{ u/ .
#= ltdL klg ljjs] n] h:t} cfkm" a;s] f] ufp“ jf gu/sf] gS;f agfpm .
gS;fdf dV' odV' o s/' fx¿ ;ªs\ t] df e/ .
$= tn lbOPh:t} cfgf] 3/ j/k/sf] gS;f agfpm .

u0f]z dlGb/

d/] f] 3/

c:ktfn ;@@;@;;@;@l;gd];;@@;@f xn

rf]s

d cfkm" a;]sf] ufp“ jf gu/df /x]sf d'Vod'Vo s'/fx¿ 43
gS;fdf e//] bv] fpg ;S5' .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

PsfO – 5 xfdf| ] ljut

kf7 – ! d/] f] l5ds] L klxn] / clxn]

cfªl5l/ªsf dfdf tl] ~hª klxn] gj' fsf6]
lhNnfsf] rfs] b] ufpd“ f a:y] . xfn pgL
lqzn" L ahf/df a:5g\ . klxns] f tl] ~hª
/ clxns] f tl] ~hªsf] cfgLafgLdf lgs}
km/s 5 . clxn] pgL cfgf] af/Ldf
kmns] f cGgaf6 ags] f vfgs] /' fx¿ vfg
5f8] . ahf/df kfOg] tof/L vfgs] /' fx¿
vfg yfn] . nu' f sk8f klg ljbz] Lkf/fsf

Hofs6] , kfOG6 h:tf nu' f nufp5“ g\ .
cfªl5l/ªnfO{ eg] pgsf] dfdfsf] o:tf] rng
k6Ss} dg k/s] f] 5g} . pgnfO{ cfg} vfnsf]
vfgs] /' f dgk5{ . cfg} vfnsf nu' fkmf6f
g} /fdf| nfU5g\ . pgsf dfdf klxn] cfn,'
;s' 6' L, l98“ fh] :tf vfgs] /' f dg k/fpy“ ] .
:jb]zL sk8faf6 ag]sf bf]rf,aSv',
kfª\b]g h:tf n'uf pgnfO{ /fdf| ] nfUYof] .

cfªl5l/ª ;fg'dfofsL l5d]sL x'g\ .
pgLx¿sf] l5ds] df clxn] w/] } ks| f/sf rf8kj{ dgfpg] ul/G5 .
cfªl5l/ªsf] kl/jf/df Nxf;] f/ dgfp5“ g\ . ;fgd' fofsf] kl/jf/n]
b;,“} ltxf/h:tf rf8kj{ dgfp5“ g\ . pgLx¿sf] l5ds] df xfn] L, 57, Ob

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
cfgf cuh| n] u/s] f /fdf| ljm| ofsnfksf] kT| oIf cge' l" tåf/f cfwl' gs /xg;xg;u“ ;fd~h:otf
sfod u/fpg] vfnsf ljm| ofsnfkx¿ cEof; u/fpgk' 5{ .

44 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf