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cflb rf8kj{ dgfpg] kl/jf/x¿ klg 5g\ . cfªl5l/ªsf] l5ds] df
rf8kjx{ ¿ dgfpb“ f ;ah} gf Pscfk;df ;xefuL xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿
cfkmGt;u“ ldn/] a:5g\ .

zAbfy{

kfªbg] M z]kf{, tfdfª ;d'bfosf dlxnfn] nufpg] t;] |f]{ ws]{ a'6\6f
ePsf] nu' f

bfr] f M 3'8“ f;Dd cfpg] u/L lxdfnL If]qsf dflg;n] nufpg] afSnf]
sk8f / 5fnfaf6 ags] f] Ps lsl;dsf hQ' f

aSv' M lxdfnL Ifq] sf zk] f{ hfltn] nufpg] afSnf] nu' f

lj|mofsnfk

!= ;fgd' fof / cfªl5l/ªsf] l5ds] df h:t} ltdf| ] l5ds] df ss] :tf rf8kjx{ ¿

dgfpg] ub5{ g\ . kQf nufO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M

jm| =;=+ rf8kjs{ f] gfd rf8kj{ dgfpg] ;do

@= ltd|f] 3/df klxn] / clxn] nufpg] n'ufsk8f / vfgs] /' fdf s]s:tf]

km/s 5 . cfgf cleefjs;u“ ;fw] L tnsf] tflnsfdf nv] M

ljj/0f klxn] clxn]

nu' fsk8f

vfgs] /' f

#= ltdf| ] kl/jf/ / 5/l5ds] df a9" fa9" L / oj' foj' tLn] nufpg] nu' f cjnfs] g

u/ . tnsf] tflnsfdf pgLx¿n] nufpg] nu' fsf] gfd nv] , h:t} M

a9" fa9" Ln] nufpg] nu' f oj' foj' tLn] nufpg] nu' f

bf/} f kfOG6

d/] f] l5ds] sf] /xg;xgdf cfPsf] kl/jtg{ atfpg ;S5' .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 45

kf7 – @ d/] f] l5ds] Lsf] k;] f klxn] / clxn]

hfgsL sIff tLgdf k9l\ 5g\ . pgL
af/f lhNnfsf] a~hl/of ufpd“ f al:5g\ .
pgsf aa' f / l5ds] L klxn] ljleGg
sfd uy{] . vt] df sfd ug,{] vfn] fdf
df5f dfg,{] ;s' s] f ¿v sf6g\ ,] c¿sf]
aur“} fsf] /v] bv] ug,{] df6fsf ef8“ f
agfpg]h:tf sfd ub{y] . o:tf
sfdaf6 xg' ] sdfOn] pgLx¿sf] bl} gs
uh' f/f rnfpg / s6] fs6] L k9fpg w/] } ufxf| ] xG' Yof] .

hfgsLsf aa' f / pgsf l5dsLx¿n] klxnfsf] eGbf km/s sfd ug{
yfn] . hfgsLsf aa' f hªu\ ndf ¿v sf6g\ ]
sfd 5f8/] lahn' Lsf] sfd u5g{ \ . pgsf
l5d]sL df]xgn] ;fOsn agfpg] k];f
c“ufn]sf 5g\ . To:t} /fhgf/fo0fn]
ls/fgf k;n vfn] s] f 5g\ . /lhof klxn]
vfn] fdf df5f dflyg{ \ . clxn] pgL kfv] /Ldf
df5f kflN5g\ . clxn] pgLx¿sf] w/] } cfDbfgL
x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] pgLx¿sf

5f/] f5f/] Lx¿ hfgsL, /dz] , ;fx] g / /ldtfn] ljBfno k9g\ yfns] f
5g\ . la/fdL xb“' f l5ds] df ;xofu] ug{] ub5{ g\ . 5/l5ds] df bl] vPsf

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
cfgf] kl/jf/ / l5ds] Ln] ug{] k/Dk/fut sfdx¿nfO{ kl/lrt u/fpg] / To:tf sfdx¿nfO{
;Ddfg / ;w' f/ ug{ kl]| /t ug{] vfnsf ljm| ofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ugx{' f;] \ .

46 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

;d:ofx¿ ldlnhn' L ;dfwfg u5g{ \ . xfn pgLx¿ ;ah} gf /dfOnf;] u“
hLjg latfO/xs] f 5g\ .

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdf| ] / cfgf] ;fyLsf] aa' fcfdfn] klxn] / clxn] ckgfPsf] k;] f kQf

nufO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf e/ M
s;sf] klxns] f] k;] fsf] gfd clxn]sf] k;] fsf] gfd
cfgf]
;fyLsf]

@= kf7sf] cfwf/df clxns] f] k;] faf6 ss] ] kmfObfx¿ eP tn nv] M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_

#= tn lbOPsf kZ| gx¿ sfkLdf ;f/ / glhssf l5ds] L;u“ ;fw] /] pQ/
nv] . ltdLn] nv] s] f] pQ/ sIffdf klg ;g' fpm M
-s_ tkfO“{ klxn] s] sfd ugx{' G' Yof] <
-v_ tkfO“{ clxn] s] sfd ugx{' G' 5 <
-u_ tkfOn“{ fO{ klxn] / clxns] f dWo] sg' sfd /fdf| ] nfU5 <

$= dfly lbOPsf] kZ| gaf6 kf| Kt pQ/nfO{ ldnfP/ nv] .
d/] f] l5ds] L ====================================n] klxn] =========================
================================= sfd ugx{' G' Yof] . clxn] ========================

=======================sfd ugx{' G' 5 . pxfn“ fO{ ==================================

================sfd /fdf| ] nfU5 . ========================================= .

xfdL cfgf] kl/jf/ / l5ds] Lx¿sf k;] fnfO{ ;Ddfg u5f“{} .
cfgf] OR5fcg;' f/ ;Sbf] ;xofu] u5f{“} .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 47

kf7 – # xfdf| jL/ jL/ªu\ gf

aneb| sj“' /, cd/l;x+ yfkf / elSt yfkf
gk] fnsf jL/ ;kt" x¿ xg' \ . pgLx¿n]
gk] fn / gk] fnLsf] /Iff ug{ cªu\ h]| ;u“ sf]
o4' df cfgf] Hofgsf] afhL;dt] yfk] .
pgLx¿n] To; jn] fsf] cªu\ h]| ;g] f;u“
7n" f] jL/tfsf ;fy n8] . gk] fn / gk] fnLsf]
OHht /fv] . aneb| sj“' /n] gfnfkfgLsf] cd/l;x+ yfkf
n8fOd“ f cfgf] jL/tf bv] fP . To; n8fOd{“ f
dlxnf / s6] fs6] Lx¿n] klg axfb/' L ;fy n8s] f lyP . cd/l;x+
yfkfn] gk] fnsf] klZrddf /xs] f lsNnfx¿sf] /Iff u/] . elSt
yfkfn] dnfp lsNnf arfpg &) jifs{ f] pd/] df ;d]t cª\u|]h;“u

86]/ n8] . pgLx¿ cªu\ h]| sf]
nf]enfnrdf k/]gg\ .
pgLx¿n] cfgf] bz] kl| t dfof,
ddtf ePsfn] jL/tf bv] fP .
pgLx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf jL/
;kt" elgG5 .

/fhG] bn| IdL gk] fnsL jL/ªu\ gf

xg' \ . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn]

gfnfkfgLsf] o¢' 6l' jm| P/ /xs] f] gk] fnnfO{ Pp6}
agfpg ;?' u/] . of] sfdnfO{

;kmn kfg{ /fh]Gb|nIdLn] w]/} 7"nf] of]ubfg lbOg\ . pgn] gk] fndf

cf7 jif{ zf;g ul/g\ . pgn] w/] } ;fgf;fgf /fHox¿nfO{ gk] fndf

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
xfdf| ] /fi6s« f] :jfledfg /Iffsf nflu alnbfg / ofu] bfg lbg ] xfdf| kv' fx{ ¿sf] sfoa{ f6 afnaflnsfx¿nfO{
kl]| /t ug{] syf, uLt, ;j+ fb, clego cflbsf] dfWodaf6 lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ugx{' f;] \ .

48 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ldnfOg\ . gf/LdWo] klg pgn] ljzi] f ofu] bfg lbOg\ . To;n} ] pgnfO{

gk] fnL jL/ªu\ gfsf] gfdn] lrlgG5 .

zAbfy{ /fi6s« f nflu pT;fx / ;fx;sf ;fy sfd ug{] k?' if
/fi6s« f nflu pT;fx / ;fx;sf ;fy sfd ug{] dlxnf
jL/ M /fdf| ] sfd ug{] k?' if
jL/ªu\ gf M
;kt" M

lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ aneb| sj“' / gk] fnsf =================== xg' \ .
-v_ aneb| sj“' /, cd/l;x+ yfkf / elSt yfkfn] ============= ;u“ n8fO“
u/s] f lyP .
-u_ /fhG] bn| IdLnfO{ ========= sf] gfdn] lrlgG5 .

@= hf8] f ldnfpm M cªu\ h]| ;g] f
elSt yfkf gk] fnsf] PsLs/0fsf] ;?' jft
aneb| sj“' / dnfp lsNnf
/fhG] bn| IdL gfnfkfgLsf] o4'
kY[ jLgf/fo0f zfx gk] fnsL jL/ªu\ gf
cd/l;x+ yfkf klZrdsf] lsNnf

#= ltdf| ] ;db' fodf klg ufp6“ fn] sf] enfOsf nflu sfd u/s] f sg' } JolStx¿
lyP xfn] fg\ . pgLx¿sf] gfd / u/s] f] sfdsf af/d] f cfgf] cleefjs
jf lzIfs;u“ ;fw] /] nv] / sIffdf ;g' fpm .

ufps“ f] ofu] bfg ug{] JolSt pgn] u/s] f sfd

xfdf| jL/ tyf jL/ªu\ gfx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg u5f“} / pgLx¿n] 49
h:t} xfdL cfgf] bz] nfO{ dfof u5f“{} .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – $ ljutaf6 l;Sgk' g{] s/' f

Kof/f] ;fyL Kof/f] ;fyL
1fgL . 1fgL .

lxhf] xfdLnfO{ lzIfsn] xfdf| ] ljutsf af/d] f k9fpge' of] . o;af6
xfdLn] w/] } s/' fx¿ l;Sg kfof“} . xfdLn] l;ss] f /fdf| s/' fx¿ ;an} ]
hfGbf /fdf| ] xg' ] /x5] . To;n} ] dn} ] of] lr7L ltdLnfO{ nV] b} 5' . xfdf| ]
bz] df w/] } /df| s/' fx¿ /x5] g\ . o:tf gk] fnnfO{ lrgfpg] j:tx' ¿nfO{
;/+ If0f ugk'{ g{] /x5] . bz] nfO{ dfof ugk{' g{] /x5] . xfdf| jL/ kv' fx{ ¿n]
bz] sf nflu w/] } 7n" f] ofu] bfg u/s] f /x5] g\ . pgLx¿n] bz] sf nflu
cfgf] Hofgsf] alnbfg lbP . xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] ofu] bfgnfO{ ;Demgk' g{]
/x]5 . d / d]/f]eGbf klg xfdL / xfd|f] eGg] ;f]rfO /fVg'kg]{
/x]5 . xfdLn] c¿sf] g/fd|f] s'/fsf] b]vfl;vL ug'{x'“bf] /x]g5 .
cfg} efiff, jz] ei" ff, njfOvjfO / rfnrngdf /dfpgk' g{] /x5] .
xfdLn] klg xfdf| ] bz] sf nflu c;n sfd ugk{' g{] /x5] . bz] sf]
ljsf;df ;ss] f] ;xofu] ugk{' g{] /x5] . log} kf7 xfdf| kv' fx{ ¿n]
l;sfPsf 5g\ . To;n} ] clxnn] fO{ olQ dfq c¿kl5 nv] fn“} f .

pxL ltdf| ] ;fyL
dxz]

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
xfdf| kv' fx{ ¿sf sfdaf6 kl]| /t eP/ bz] / ;dfhkl| t pQ/bfoL / lhDdj] f/ xg' l;sfpg]
vfnsf ljm| ofsnfkx¿ u/fpgx' f;] \ .

50 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdLn] bz] sf nflu ss] ] ug{ ;S5f} < kf7sf] cfwf/df nv] .
-s_ ================================
-v_ ================================
-u_ ================================
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@= ltdL klg cfgf] ;fyLnfO{ ;fdflhs cWoog k9/] l;ss] f s/' fx¿ /fv/]
Pp6f lr7L nv] L sIffdf ;g' fpm .

#= tnsf] tflnsfnfO{ 7n" f] cIf/n] nv] L sIffdf kb| zg{ u/ M

JolSt l;Sgk' g{] s/' f

c¿sf] nfe] df kgx{' b“' g} .

aneb| sj'“ /

dlxnfx¿n] klg k?' if;/x sfd ug{ ;S5g\ .

/fhG] bn| IdL

bz] sf] ;j] f ug{' g} xfdf| ] dV' o sfd xf] .

eLd;g] yfkf 51

bz] sf] enf] xg' ] sfd ug{' g} bz] kl| tsf] dfof xf] .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

PsfO –;ft xfdf| ] cflys{ ljm| ofsnfk

kf7 – ! sfdsf] dxŒj

dl' gofs“ f] 3/ ;Kt/Lsf] ef/bx xf] . pgsf] kl/jf/sf] dV' o k;] f vt] L
xf] . pgsf aa' fcfdf vt] df sfd ugx{' G' 5 . vt] df kmns] f cGg,
kmnkmn" / ;fu;AhL vfG5g\ . sx] L ahf/df nu/] aR] 5g\ . dl' gof“
cfgf aa' fcfdfsf] sfddf ;xofu] ul5g{ \ .

kD] af /;j' fsf] rGbgaf/Ldf a:5g\ . pgsf] 3/df lrh sf/vfgf 5 .
ufpe“ l/sf rf/“} Lsf] bw" sf/vfgfdf hDdf xG' 5 . Tof] bw" af6 lrh
agfp5“ g\ . Toxf“ ags] f]
lrh bz] sf] ljleGg 7fp“
/ ljbz] df ;dt] hfG5 .
lrh ahf/df nh} fg] sfd
kD] afsf l5ds] L lªdfn]
u5g{ \ . kD] af aa' fcfdfsf]
sfddf ;xofu] u5g{ \ .

;fx] gsf] 3/ kfNkf xf] . pgsf] aa' fn] ko6{ sx¿nfO{ 3d' fpgx' G' 5 .
cfdf Tolxs} Pp6f ljBfnodf k9fpgx' G' 5 . ;fx] gsf] kl/jf/sf]
vr{ a'afcfdf b'j}sf] cfDbfgLaf6 rn]sf] 5 .

ljleGg ;db' fosf dflg;n] km/skm/s sfd u5g{ \ . sfx] L vt] L
u5g{ \ . sfx] L Jofkf/ u5g{ \ . sfx] L pBfu] rnfP/ a;s] f 5g\ . sfx] L
hflu/ vfG5g\ . xfdLn] ;a} ks| f/sf c;n sfdsf] ;Ddfg ugk{' b5{ .
sfd g} 7n" f] s/' f xf] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;db' fosf ljleGg dflg;x¿n] ug{] km/skm/s sfdsf] vfh] L
ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ / pgLx¿n] vfh] /] NofPsf s/' fx¿ sIffdf k:| tt' ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

52 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdf| ] ;db' fosf dflg;x¿n] ug{] ljleGg ks| f/sf kfr“ cf6] f sfd nv] .

@= sg' sfd ugn{] fO{ s] elgG5 < nv] .

sg' sfd s] elgG5 <

vt] L ug{] ls;fg

la/fdL hfR“ g]

Jofkf/ ug{]

3/sf] uf/f] nufpg]

sf7sf] sfd ug{]

sfofn{ odf sfd ug{]

ufOj{ :t' xg] {]

ljBfnodf k9fpg]

#= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' o\ fpm M
-s_ lrgL sf/vfgfsf nflu pv' cfjZos k5{ .
-v_ vt] af/Ldf sfd ugn{] fO{ 8sdL{ elgG5 .
-u_ Jofkf/Ln] ;fdfg lsgar] u5{ .
-3_ 3/ agfpg HofdL rflxG5 .

$= ltdLnfO{ dgkg{] sfdsf af/d] f vfnL 7fpd“ f nv] .
dnfO{ ============= sfd dgk5{ lsgeg] ==================== . pSt sfdsf
nflu ============= ;fdfg rflxG5 .

;db' fosf ;a} dflg;n] ug{] /fdf| ] sfdsf] ;dfg dxŒj /xs] f] xG' 5 .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 53

kf7 – @ sd k;} f w/] } sfd

d/] f] gfd cgh' f xf] . d sIff tLgdf k95\ ' . o;kfnLsf] ltxf/df d
;fyLx¿;u“ en} f] vN] g uP“ . en} f] vn] /] dn} ] Ps ;o ?lkof“ kfP“ . Tof]
k;} f dn} ] cfdfnfO{ /fVg lbP“ . Tof] k;} f cfdfn] lnge' Pg, pxfn“ ]
eGge' of,] æ5f/] L, Tof] k;} fn] k;ndf uP/ ltdLnfO{ rflxg] ;fdfg lsg .Æ
To;kl5 dn} ] cfkmn" fO{ rflxg] ;fdfgsf] ;r" L agfP“ . tL ;fdfg xg' –\
snd, sfkL, d~hg, a;'| , l/ag, sfOo“ f,] sf6“ f / vn] fg} fx¿ .

d ;fdfgsf] ;r" L / Ps ;o ?lkof“ lnP/
k;n uP“ . k;n] bfOn] ;r" Lcg;' f/sf]
;fdfg / lan lbge' of] . landf ;a}
;fdfgsf] hDdf dN" o ;Q/L ?lkof“ lyof] .
dn} ] Ps ;o ?lkofs“ f] gf6] lbP“ . pxfn“ ]
tL; ?lkof“ lkmtf{ lbge' of] . d ;fdfg /
afs“ L k;} f lnP/ 3/ kmlsP{ “ . cfdfn]
Tolt w/] } ;fdfg / afs“ L k;} f;dt] bv] /]
eGge' of,] æ:ofaf; 5f/] L ⁄ ltdLn] yf/] }
k;} faf6 klg w/] } ;fdfg lsGg ;Sof} .
k;} f 5 eGbd} f h] kfof] Tof] ;fdfg lsGg xb“' g} .Æ dn} ] afs“ L k;} f
cfdfnfO{ /fVg lbP“ . of] s/' f dn} ] ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg eg] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ldtJooL xb“' f kmfObf / kmhn' vr{ ubf{ ak] mfObf xg' ] syf agfP/ ;g' fpgx' f;] \ . :yfgLo
;db' fodf 36s] f] ljifoj:t;' u“ ;DalGwt 36gf klg ;g' fpg ;Sgx' G' 5 . To;kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{
ldtJooL xg' ] afgL a;fNg] ljleGg ljm| ofsnfk u/fpgx' f;] \ .

54 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdLnfO{ rflxg] xftdv' wg' ] / gx' fpg] ;fdfgx¿sf] gfd nv] .

@= ltdL;u“ k;} f yf/] } 5 . To;n} ] rflxPsf] ;a} ;fdfg lsGg ;Sbg} f} .
To;dWoa] f6 ltdLnfO{ geO{ gxg' ] ;fdfgsf] dfq ;r" L agfpm . h:t} M

rflxg] ;fdfg dN" o

sfkL ¿= %.–

#= tn lbOPsf JolStx¿sf] g/fdf| ] afgLnfO{ ;w' f/ ug{ s] ugk{' nf{ <

g/fdf| ] afgL ;w' f/ ug{ s] ugk{' 5{ <

dfl] gsf ahf/df h] bV] of] ToxL lslG5g\ . rflxPsf] ;fdfg dfq lsGg]

afgL a;fNgk' 5{ .

bfh] {] dxu“ f] ;fdfg dfq lsG5g\ .

/fdz/0f rflxPsf] ;fdfg klg lsGbg} g\ .

gfs] L{ cfdf;u“ ;w}“ k;} f dflU5g\ .

/ljg aa' f;u“ ;w}“ gof“ nu' f dfU5g\ .

l;hg{ f d~hg kmf? ulbg{ g\ .

$= kf7sf] cfwf/df tn lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv] M
-s_ ltdLnfO{ cgh' fsf] afgL s:tf] nfUof] <
-v_ cgh' fn] sg' sg' ;fdfg lsg/] ;Q/L ?lkof“ vr{ ul/g\ <
-u_ cfdfn] cgh' fnfO{ lsg :ofaf;L lbge' of] <
-3_ ltdL;u“ ePsf] yf/] } k;} fn] s] u5f{} <

d cfjZos kg{] sfddf dfq vr{ u5{' . 55

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – # xfdf| ] ufpd“ f ags] f ;fdfg

nfv;/L wgs'6fsf]
;fGtfª ufpd“ f al:5g\ .
pgsf] ufpd“ f 7n" f] 9fsf
sk8f pBf]u 5 .
pBfu] af6 9fsf pTkfbg
xG' 5g\ . pBfu] df ags] f
;fdfgx¿ s]xL ufp“s}
dflg;n] nufp5“ g\ . sx] L
bz] sf ljleGg 7fpd“ f al] rG5g\ . tL ;fdfg ljbz] df ;dt] lajm| L
xG' 5g\ . nfv;/L klg cfg} ufpd“ f ags] f] 9fsfsf] k5o\ f/} f cf9] l\ 5g\ .
pgsf aa' fn] klg ufpd“ } ags] f] 9fsf6fk] L nufpgx' G' 5 . cfdfn]
9fsfsf] rfn] f] nufpgx' G' 5 .

;fd] axfb/' sf] 3/ wgs6' fs} sj' fkfgL eGg] 7fpd“ f 5 . pgsf] ufpd“ f
7n" f] lrofaufg 5 . Toxf“ lrof sf/vfgf klg 5 . ufps“ f w/] } dflg;
ToxL lrofaufg / sf/vfgfdf sfd u5g{ \ . Toxfs“ f] lrof cToGt
:jflbnf] 5 . wgs6' fsf w/] h} ;f] dflg;n] ToxL lrof lkp5“ g\ . Toxf“
pTkfbg ePsf] lrof bz] ljbz] df ;dt] hfG5 .

nfv;/L / ;fd] axfb/' sf] ufps“ f dflg;n] h:t} xfdLn] klg cfg}
7fpd“ f ags] f ;fdfg ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ . o;f] ubf{ ufps“ f w/] } dflg;n]

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ :yfgLo ;db' fodf pTkfbg xg' ] ljleGg ;fdfg, vfgs] /' f cflbsf] vfh] L u/fO{
l6kf6] ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ / ;s;] Dd ltg} ;fduL| pkefu] ug{ kl]| /t ug{] ks| f/sf cGo ljm| ofsnfk
u/fpgx' f;] \ .

56 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

sfd kfp5“ g\ . sfd kfPkl5 /fdf| ] cfDbfgL xG' 5 . ufps“ f ;a} dflg;
wgL x'G5g\ . ;a} wgL ePkl5 ufp“ g} wgL x'G5 . clg ;a}
;'vL x'G5g\ .

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ltdf| ] ;db' fodf pTkfbg xg' ] ;fdfgx¿sf] gfd nv] .

@= ltdf| ] ljBfnodf ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] ;r" L agfpm . pSt ;fdfgx¿ sxf“

ags] f xg' \ x/] /] jf ;fw] /] tflnsf agfO{ nv] .

ljBfnodf /xs] f ;fdfg sxf“ ags] f]

6a] n' ufps“ } l;sdL{ bfOn] agfPsf]

#= nfv;/Lsf] 3/df ePsf ;fdfg / tL ;fdfg ags] f 7fps“ f] ljj/0f

o;ks| f/ 5 M

;fdfgsf] gfd ;fdfg ags] f] 7fp“

9fsfsf ;fdfg– 6fk] L, rfn] f,] ufps“ } 9fsf pBfu] df ags] f

k5o\ f/} f, :6sf6]

vt] Ldf ko| fu] ul/g] cfh} f/, ufps“ } xs{ bfOsf] cf/fgdf ags] f

sfb] fnf,] xl“ ;of .

ef8“ fjtg{ x¿– yfn, a6s' f,] ;x/df ags] f

lunf;, cDvf/] f, s;f8“} L, ef8“ f .

/l] 8of,] 6l] nlehg, 38L ljbz] df ags] f

ltdL klg ltdf| ] 3/df ePsf ;fdfg sxf“ ags] f /x5] g\ x/] /] jf ;fw] /]
dflysf] h:t} tflnsfdf nv] .

$= 9fsf 6fk] Lsf] lrq agfpm / ldNg] /ª klg e/ .

cfg} 7fpd“ f ags] f ;fdfg ;:tf,] alnof] / /fdf| ] xG' 5 . 57

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – $ xfdf| ] ;x/df ags] f ;fdfg

;G' b/sf] kV' ofn{} L 3/ jL/u~hdf 5 . /~hgfsf] 3/ a6' jndf 5 . tL
bO' { ;fyLaLr ePsf] s/' fsfgL o;ks| f/ 5 M

/~hgf M ;G' b/ ⁄ ltdf| ] 3/ t jL/u~hdf 5 . Toxf“ ss] ] 5g\ <
;G' b/M jL/u~hdf lrgL sf/vfgf 5 . sk8f pBfu] 5 . Toxf“

;fag' klg aG5 . ef8“ fs8“' f klg aG5g\ . o:tf w/] } ;fdfg
jL/u~hdf aG5g\ . tfKs] jL/u~hs} kV| oft ;fdfg xf] .
/~hgf M Toxfs“ f dflg;n] ToxL“ ags] f ;fdfg ko| fu] u5g{ \ t <
;G' b/ M xf,] Toxfs“ f dflg;n] ToxL“ ags] f ;fdfg ko| fu] u5g{ \ .
Toxfs“ f ;fdfg gkfOPdf dfq aflx/sf ;fdfg ko| fu] u5g{ \ .
/~hgf M Toxfs“ f dflg;n] vfgs] /' f sxfa“ f6 Nofp5“ g\ t <
;G' b/ M jL/u~h ;x/ glhs} vt] L ug{] hldg kz| :t 5 . rfdn,
bfn, t/sf/L, kmnkmn" , df5f ToxLa“ f6 ;x/df cfp5“ .
ltdLn] klg a6' jnsf] af/d] f ;g' fpm g /~hgf .
/~hgf M a6' jndf w/] } lsl;dsf pBfu] x¿ 5g\ . oxf“ sk8f, wfuf,]
la:s6' , hQ' f, 6l] nlehg, ;fag' cflb ;fdfgx¿ aG5g\ .
oxf“ ags] f ;fdfgx¿ ljbz] df klg hfG5g\ .
;G' b/ M oxfs“ f dflg;n] vfgs] /' f sxfa“ f6 Nofp5“ g\ <
/~hgf M oxf“ w/] } dflg; 5g\ . a6' jndf klg ;x/ glhs} kz| :t
hldg 5 . oxf“ wfg, t/sf/L cflb pTkfbg xG' 5 . w/] h} ;f]
vfgs] /' f ToxLs“ f ls;fgx¿n] pTkfbg u5g{ \ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ :yfgLo:t/df pTkfbg xg' ] ;fduL| ko| fu] df Nofpb“ f xg' ] kmfObfsf af/] 5nkmn
u/fO{ To:tf ;fduL| ko| fu] df Nofpg kF| T] ;fxg ug{] ks| f/sf ljm| ofsnfk u/fpgx' f;] \ .

58 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

;G' b/ M ltdL;“u c¿ klg w]/} s'/f ;f]Wg' 5 . csf]{ lbg s'/f
u/f}“nf .

/~hgf M xG' 5 .

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdf| 3/df ko| fu] xg' ] sg' } Pp6f vfn] ;lxtsf] ;fag' np] m . pSt
;fag' sf] vfn] df nl] vPsf s/' fx¿ x/] L lgDg ab“' fx¿df nv] M
-s_ ;fag' sf] gfd M
-v_ ags] f] 7fp“ M
-u_ pBfu] jf sDkgLsf] gfd M
-3_ ;fag' sf] vfn] df lrxg\ 5, 5g} .

@= ltdf| ] ;fyLsf] 3/df ko| fu] xg' ] ;fdfgx¿ sxf“ ags] f /x5] g,\ x/] /] jf
;fyLnfO{ ;fw] /] nv] .

#= /dgsf] 3/df w]/}h;f] ufp“ aflx/ ags] f ;fdfg /x]5g\ . ufp“d} ag]sf
/fdf| / alnof ef8“ fjtg{ xb“' fxb“' } klg /fdf| bl] vg] dxu“ f ef8“ fjtg{ ko| fu]
u5g{ \ . ufpd“ } ags] f ;s' n' , uG' bL| ;:tf / /fdf| 5g\ t/ pgLx¿ dxu“ f
ljbz] L sfk6{] cf5] o\ fp5“ g\ . tfhf l98“ f,] /f6] L, eft / kmnkmn" gvfP/
l6gsf a66\ f / Knfl:6sdf Kofs ul/Psf af;L vfgs] /' f vfG5g\ . ca
ltdL ;d' gsf] kl/jf/nfO{ s] ;Nnfx lbg rfxG5f,} ;e' mfj nv] / sIffdf
;g' fpm .

$= sg' ;fdfg aGgsf nflu s] rflxG5, hf8] f ldnfpm M

9fsf 6fk] L 5fnf

;s' n' ÷uG' bL| e8] fsf] pmg

hQ' f wfuf]

/f8LkfvL k/fn

lkQn

sfuh

xfdLn] ;s;] Dd cfg} 7fpd“ f ags] f ;fdfg ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 59

60 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

l;hg{ fTds snf

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 61

PsfO Ps bZ[ osnf d cfkm\ gf] jl/kl/

kf7 – ! /v] f /xs] f j:tx' ¿sf]
lrq agfp5“ ' .

j:tx' ¿sf] lrq agfcf“} .

x/] , lrg / agfpm M

ljm| ofsnfk

ltdL klg cfkm\ gf] jl/kl/ /xs] f j:tx' ¿ x/] L lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljBfno jf 3/sf] jl/kl/ /xs] f ljleGg j:tx' ¿, h:t} M 6a] n' , s;' L,{ 8:] s, lstfa, sfkL,

kl] G;n, ef8fs“ 8' f cflbsf] cjnfs] g u/fO{ lrq agfpg kf| T] ;fxg ugx'{ f;] \ .
– dfly lbOPsf lrqx¿sf] gSsn (copy) ug{ glbgx' f;] ,\ a? o:t} cGo ljleGg ;fduL| x¿ x/] L lrq

agfpg pT;flxt ugx'{ f;] \ .
– lrq sfg] ]{ sfd cGo ljifo lzIf0fdf klg cEof; u/fO{ ljBfyLx{ ¿n] agfPsf sl[ tx¿sf] kb| zg{

ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

62 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

d}n] cfk"mnfO{ Kof/f]
nfUg] dflg;sf]

lrq agfP“ .

d/] f ;kgf

d/] f ;fyLx¿

d/] f] cgx' f/sf] lrq

d km' 6an vN] 5' dn} ] o:tf] lrq agfP“ .

ljm| ofsnfk

ltdLnfO{ Kof/f] nfUg] dflg; jf j:tx' ¿sf] lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljleGg ljifoj:tx' ¿, h:t} M kl/jf/, ;fyL, dg kg{] dfG5] cflbsf] lrq agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

o;/L agfpg nufpb“ f ljifoj:ts' f] 5gf6] sfo{ ljBfyL{ :jodn\ fO{ ug{ lbgx' f;] \ .

– ljBfyLx{ ¿n] 5fgs] f ljifoj:tx' ¿af/] 5nkmn u/fP/ dfq agfpg nufpgx' f;] ,\ ;fy} pgLx¿n]

agfPsf sl[ tx¿sf] kb| zg{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 63

kf7 – @ /ª

/ª vn] f“} .

dn} ] kl] G;n / dg} /ªn]
lrq agfP“ .

cfdfsf] dfof

d / k/L

sv' /' fsf] kl/jf/

ljm| ofsnfk d/] f] x;“ fpg] ;fyL

/ª bn/] ltdLnfO{ dgkg{] sg' } ljifoj:ts' f] lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljBfyLx{ ¿n] 5fgs] f ljifoj:tx' ¿dWo] pkoS' t ljifoj:td' f lrq agfpg kf| T] ;fxg ugx'{ f;] \ .

– ljBfyLx{ ¿n] agfPsf lrqx¿ k5fl8k6l\ 6 gfd, sIff / pd/] nV] g nufO{ kb| zg{ ug{] Joj:yf

ldnfpgx' f;] \ . d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

64

/ª ko| fu] u/f“} . lrqx¿ x/] t Û
s;/L agfOPsf 5g\ <

d/] f] bz]

d 3/ aflx/ 5' .

xfdL k;n uof“} .

y/Ly/Lsf /ªx¿
ko| fu] u/L lrq

agfcf“} .

ljm| ofsnfk d/] f] 8fOgf;] f/]

5nkmn u/ . 5nkmn u/s] f] ljifodf /ªsf] ko| fu] u//] lrq agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
ljBfyLx{ ¿n] 5fgs] f ljifoj:tx' ¿dWo] pkoS' t ljifoj:td' f lrq agfpg nufO{ /ªx¿sf] ko| fu]
ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 65

kf7 – # 5kfO

5kfO sfo{ ljleGg j:ta' f6 ug{ ;lsG5 . sg' } j:ts' f] ;txdfly Ps
jf PseGbf a9L /ªx¿ nufO{ ;kmf sfuhdfly /fvL lyr/] jf bn/]
5fk lgsfNg] kl| jm| ofnfO{ 5kfO sfo{ elgG5 .

j:ta' f6 5fk lgsfn M

kftdf /ª nufpm . To;nfO{

sfuhdfly /fvL 5fk lgsfn / x/] .

kftsf] 5fk

ca ljleGg j:tx' ¿ h:t} M

wfuf,] 6fs“ -a6g_ hfnL, pmg

cflb hDdf u/ . Pp6f afSnf]

sfuhdf ljleGg j:tx' ¿, h:t} M

wfuf], 6f“sf, sf7sf 6'jm| f cflbnfO{ ldnfP/

/fv . /ª bn . ca pSt /ª bns] f] j:tx' ¿dfly

sfuh /fvL To;sf] 5fk lgsfn . ljleGg j:tx' ¿sf] 5fk

afSnf] sfuhnfO{ sg' } cfsf/df
sf6L To; dfly /ª bn/] 5fk
lgsfNg ;lsG5 . oxf“ Pp6f
pbfx/0f bv] fPsf] 5 .

ljm| ofsnfk afSnf] sfuh sf6L To;sf] 5fk

ljleGg lsl;dsf kftx¿, t/sf/L / cGo j:tx' ¿af6 klg 5kfO sfo{ u//] x/] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– 5kfO sfo{sf nflu cfjZos x'g] ;fdu|Lx¿sf] Joj:yf u/fO{ 5kfO sfo{ u/fpg'xf];\ .
– 5kfO ljm| ofsnfk ;dx" df a;fP/ ubf{ km/s lsl;dsf tyf cfsifs{ snfsl[ t tof/ ug{ ;lsg]

xb'“ f ;dx" df klg sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– tof/ ePsf lrqx¿ sIffsf7] fdf kb| zg{ u/fO{ 5kfO sfos{ f] cge' jaf/] 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ .

66 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

sf6/] 5fk
cfn' jf cGo t/sf/L sf6 . To;df a6' 6\ f agfO{ /ª kft] /] sfuhdf
5fk lgsfn . s:tfs:tf a6' 6\ fx¿ ag5] g\ < x/] .

cfna' f6 lgsfns] f 5fkx¿

s/n] fsf] 5fk

ljm| ofsnfk

ljleGg ks| f/sf t/sf/L, h:t} M cfn,' dn' f, /fdtfl] /of, eG6f cflb sf6/]

To;sf] ;txdf cfsl[ t agfO{ 5fk lgsfn .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljleGg ks| f/sf j:tx' ¿, h:t} M afSnf] sfuh, sf7sf 6j' m| f, wfuf,] sk8f / /ª cflb h:tf
;fduL| x¿sf] Joj:yf u/L 5kfO sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .

– sf6]/ cfs[lt agfpg] ljm| ofsnfk u/fp“bf ljz]if Wofg lbg'xf]nf . o:tf] ljm| ofsnfk u/fpb“ f
rf6] k6s nfUg ;Sg] xb“' f ljzi] f ;fjwfgLkj" s{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 67

kf7 – $ sfn] fh

/ªu\ Lg sfn] fh
/ªu\ Lg sfuh, sk8f, kft, cGo kftnf tyf xns' f j:tx' ¿
Roft/] jf sf6/] sfn] fh lrq agfpg ;lsG5 . oxf“ sx] L gdg' fx¿
bv] fOPsf 5g\ .

/ªu\ Lg sfuh sf6/] agfPsf] sfn] fh

sfuh Roft/] ldnfP/ agfPsf] lrq r/' f 6f;“ /] agfPsf] sfn] fh

sfn] fh agfpg ljleGg /ªsf sfuhx¿ a6n' / ljBfnodf Nofpm .

;fyLx¿;u“ ldn/] sfn] fh lrq agfpm .

ljm| ofsnfk

-s_ xf6ahf/df ltdLn] ss] ] bv] s] f 5f} < cfkm" ahf/ uPsf] ;Dem/] To;af/]

sfn] fh lrq agfpm .

-v_ ltdLnfO{ s] vN] g dg nfU5 < cfkm"nfO{ dgkg{] vn] sf af/d] f sfn] fh agfpm .

68 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

/ªu\ Lg sfn] fh agfpg sfuhnfO{ ljleGg cfsf/df sf6g\ jf
RofTg ;lsG5 . o;/L sf6s] f jf Rofts] f cfsf/x¿nfO{ ;x' fpg]
tl/sfn] ldnfpgk' 5{ . tnsf sfn] fhx¿ x/] . cfsf/x¿ s;/L
ldnfOPsf 5g,\ 5nkmn u/ .

sf6/] ldnfOPsf cfsf/x¿

Roft/] ldnfOPsf cfsf/x¿

sfn] fhdf Pp6} lsl;dsf] cfsf/n]
k/" } kfgf eg{ klg ;lsG5 . o;
sfn] fhdf ;;fgf sfuhsf 6j' m| fx¿
ldnfP/ k/" } kfgf 9flsPsf] 5 .

ljm| ofsnfk Roft/] kfgf e/s] f] sfn] fh

-s_ /ªu\ Lg sfuhx¿nfO{ ljleGg cfsf/df Roft / kfgfdf ldnfP/ 6f;“ .

-v_ /ªu\ Lg sfuhnfO{ sf6/] ljleGg lsl;dsf cfsf/x¿ agfpm / ldnfP/ 6f;“ .
-u_ ;fgf;fgf 6j' m| fx¿ ldnfP/ kfgf eg{] u/L sfn] fh agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ljleGg ks| f/sf sfuhx¿ / j:tx' ¿ ;ªs\ ng ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– dfly lbOPsf pbfx/0fx¿af/] 5nkmn u/fO{ ljBfyLx{ ¿n] agfpg ;Sg] ljifoj:td' f sfn] fh

lrq agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 69

v;f| ] sfn] fh

3f;“ , kft, 8f/] L, af/] fh:tf v;f| j:tx' ¿ 6f;“ /] klg sfn] fh agfOG5 .
o:tf] sfn] fh b/f] sfuhdf afSnf] -/fd/| L kfss] f_] df8 jf ub“' ko| fu]
u//] agfpgk' 5{ . tn lbOPsf sfn] fhx¿ x/] . ss] ] s/' fx¿ 6f;“ /]
tnsf lrqx¿ agfOPsf 5g\ < ltdL klg oxf“ b]vfOPsf h:t}
6f“:g ;lsg] s'/fx¿ a6n' / sfn] fh agfpm .

afSnf] sfuh,kft cflbaf6 agfOPsf] sfn] fh
ljleGg sk8faf6 agfPsf] sfn] fh

ljm| ofsnfk

-s_ v;f| ] sfn] fh agfpgsf nflu ss] :tf s/' fx¿ hDdf ug{ ;lsG5 <
klxn] 5nkmn u/ clg hDdf u//] p:tp} :t} s/' fx¿ ;u“ ;u“ } /fv .

-v_ rf/ lsl;dsf v;f| j:tx' ¿ dfq ko| fu] u//] lrGg ;lsg] cfsf/
ePsf] sfn] fh agfpm .

-u_ bO' b{ O' { hgf ldn/] cnL 7n" f] sfuhdf æd/] f] gk] fnL lstfaÆdf ePsf]
Pp6f syfsf] sfn] fh agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljleGg j:tx' ¿ ;ªs\ ng ug{ nufO{ dfly bv] fPh:t} u/L ljleGg ljifoj:td' f sfn] fh lrq
agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

– ljBfyLx{ ¿n] agfPsf sfn] fh lrqx¿sf] kb| zg{ ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

70 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – % df6fs] f] sfd

HofldtLo cfsf/

tof/ kfl/Psf] df6fs] f] 8Nnf] xftdf npm . bj' } xftsf] ;xof]uaf6
xns' f;u“ 3d' fpb“ } af6n' f] jf uf]nf] cfsf/ agfpm . af6n' f] jf ufn] f]
cfsf/nfO{ cfn“} fn] Kjfn kf//] , lrdf6/] , tfg/] ljleGg j:tx' ¿sf]
cfsl[ t jf cfsf/ agfpg ;S5f+} . ltdL klg agfP/ x/] . oxf“ o:t}
j:tx' ¿sf] pbfx/0f bv] fOPsf] 5 .
x/] , lrg / agfpm M

d s]
agfp“ <

ljm| ofsnfk

ltdLx¿n] df6fs] f] 8Nnfa] f6 ljleGg j:tx' ¿ agfpg ;S5f} / agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ rf/ jf kf“r hgfsf] ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] df6f]sf] 8Nnfx¿
a/fa/ xg' ] u/L ;a} ljBfyLx{ ¿df ljt/0f ugx'{ f;] \ .

– df6fs] f] 8Nnfn] fO{ xftdf lng nufO la:tf/} af6n' f] jf ufn] f] agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .
– ufn] f] cfsf/ agfO;sk] l5 o; cfsf/af6 cGo ljleGg ks| f/sf j:tx' ¿ klg agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .
– ljBfyLx{ ¿n] agfOPsf j:tx' ¿sf] kb| zg{ ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpgxf;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 71

a6' 6\ f agfpm

cfjZos dfqfdf tof/ kfl/Psf] df6f] np] m . Tof] df6fn] fO{ ;dy/ :yfg
dfly /fv . ca la:tf/} xft jf af6n' f] sf7sf] ;xofu] af6 df6fn] fO{ kn] L
kftf jf :na] agfpm . df6fs] f] kftf agfO;sk] l5 To;dfly sf7sf]
5:] sfn] cfkmn" fO{ dg kg{] cfsl[ t jf lrq sf/] .

kn] /] df6fs] f] kftf agfOPsf] df6fs] f] kftfdf 5:] sfn] sf6] o\ fP/ agfPsf] a6' 6\ f

df6fs] f] kftfdf df6f] ykL a6' 6\ f jf cfsl[ t agfpm .

df6fs] f] kftfnfO{ ldnfP/ sf6s] f] df6fs] f] kftfdf df6f] yk/] agfPsf] cfsl[ t

ljm| ofsnfk

df6fs] f] kftf agfO{ ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] ljifoj:ts' f a6' 6\ f jf cfsl[ t agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– tof/ kfl/Psf] df6f] ljt/0f u/L ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kftf (Slab) agfpg nufO{ OR5fg;' f/sf]

cfsl[ t jf lrq sfg] { nufO{ :jtGq cleJolSt jf a6' 6\ f agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

– lgdf0{ f ePsf sl[ tx¿nfO{ ´G' 8o\ fpgsf nflu kftfsf] dflyNnf] efudf Kjfn agfO{ /fd/| L
;s' k] l5 lsnfdf ´G' 8o\ fO{ kb| zg{ ug{ Joj:yf ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

– lgdf0{ f ePsf j:tx' ¿df j:tc' g¿' k /ª eg{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

72 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – ^ sfuhsf] sfd

sfuh k6o\ fP/ / sf6/] ljleGg j:t' jf cfsl[t agfpg ;lsG5 . sfuh
k6o\ fP/ agfpg] snfnfO{ cfl]/ufdL elgG5 . cfl]/ufdL snfsf] ljsf;
hfkfgaf6 ePsf] xf] . of] snf hfkfgsf] k/Dk/fut snfsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 .
cfl] /ufdL ljm| ofsnfk kf| oM jufs{ f/ sfuhaf6 agfOG5 .

sfuhnfO{ jufs{ f/df sf6f“}

tn lbOPsf lrqdf h:t} u//] sfuh k6o\ fO{ sf6d] f jufs{ f/ sfuhsf]

6j' m| f aGb5 . 3 u

‘s’ :yfgaf6 (i) v (i) (iii) (iv)

la:tf/} jf0f
bv] fPsf] lt/
‘u’ / ‘3’ ;u“ s
;dfgfGt/ xg' ]
u/L k6o\ fp .

ca ltdLn] klg Pp6f sfuh lnO{ jufs{ f/df sf6 jf Roft clg
ljleGg j:tx' ¿ agfpg sfl] ;; u/ .
!= r/f
– lrqdf bv] fPh:t} u/L sfuhnfO{ k6o\ fpm / r/f agfpm .

$ sr“} Ln] sf6

! @# %

^

– olt agfO;sk] l5 To; sfuhdf r/fsf] h:t} cfv“ f sf/] .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 73

@= sfuhsf] sk

! @# $ %^&

#= rf/v08sf] a66\ f

! @ # $ %^

&

$= s5j' f

! @ # $% ^

&

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– hfkfgL efiffdf æcfl] /Æ eGgfn] k6o\ fpg' / æufdLÆ sf] cy{ sfuh xf] . To:t} of] snfdf
sfuhnfO{ ljleGg cfsf/df k6o\ fP/ ljleGg j:t' jf cfsl[ t agfOG5 .

– ;jk{ y| d lzIfsn] jufs{ f/ cfsf/df s;/L sfuh sf6g\ ;lsG5 eGga] f/] kb| zg{ u/L bv] fpgx' f;] \ .
– cfl] /ufdL lj|mofsnfk k/' fgf] tyf sfd gnfUg] sfuhsf kfgfåf/f u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– oxf“ bv] fOPsf sx] L dxŒjk0" f{ ;ªs\ t] x¿af/] hfgsf/L lbO{ sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .

sfuh sf6 leqk6l\ 6 k6o\ fpm

sfuhnfO{ tfg k5fl8lt/af6 k6o\ fpm

Psrfl] 6 k6o\ fP/ la:tf/} vfn] sfuhnfO{ k5fl8lt/ kN6fpm

74 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

%= 3/

@ #$

! %^

3/sf] ‰ofn / 9fs] f sf/] .
^= sfuhsf] ¿v

&

! @# ca Psdfly csf{]
k6o\ fPsf] tLgsg' ]
$ %^ & sfuhnfO{ 6f;“ L
sfuhsf] ¿v agfpm
&= sfuhsf] kªv\ f .
*

!@ # $
75
Pp6f 5:] sfdf sf6s] f] sfuhnfO{ %
c8o\ fO{ sfuhsf] kªv\ f agfpm .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

&= sfuhsf] xjfOh{ xfh

! @# $

$% ^ & *

*= sfuhsf] 8ª' u\ f

!@ #$

% ^ &* (

!) !! !@ !# !$

!% !^ !&

ljm| ofsnfk

ltdL klg r/f, sk, rf/v08] a66\ f, s5j' f, 3/, xjfOh{ xfh, 8ª' u\ f, ¿v,
kªv\ f cflb agfpm / vn] .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– dfly lbOPsf xjfOh{ xfh / 8ª' u\ f agfpg jufs{ f/ sfuhsf] ;66\ f cfotfsf/ sfuhsf]

ko| fu] u/L agfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .

– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ Pp6} s/' f w/] } k6s agfpg nufO{ j:tx' ¿sf] kb| zg{ ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

76 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – & lgdf0{ f

df6f,] l;Gsf, sk8f, Kjfv“ h:tf ;lhn} kfOg] j:tx' ¿nfO{ hf8] /]

ltdLn] vn] s] f 5f} . o;/L agfPsf] vN] g] s/' fx¿nfO{ g} xfdL

lgdf0{ f eGb5f“} . ljBfyLx{ ¿n] 3/df

dfq geO{ ljBfnodf klg ljleGg

vN] g] s/' fx¿ agfpg xG' 5 . vN] g]

s'/f agfP/ v]Ng / sIffsf]7f ;nfOs{ f a6' 6\ faf6 lgdf0{ f
;hfpg klg ;lsG5 .
ul/Psf uf8L

ltdLn] klg df6fs] f] 8Nnfd] f l;Gsf, kft, Kjfv“ cflb 3fk] /] y/Ly/Lsf
hgfj/x¿ jf vn] fg} f agfpg ;S5f} .

df6fs] f] uf8L

ljm| ofsnfk r/f

df6f,] l;Gsf, kft, Kjfv“ h:tf j:tx' ¿sf] ko| fu] u//] ltdLnfO{ dgkg{] sg' }
Ps vn] fg} f agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ljleGg ks| f/sf j:tx' ¿ ;ªs\ ng ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– dfly lbOPsf pbfx/0fx¿af/] 5nkmn u/L ljBfyLx¿n] agfpg ;Sg] ljifoj:td' f lgdf0{ f sfo{

u/fpgx' f;] \ . Pp6f agfO ;sk] l5 ;do /xd] f c¿ klg agfpg klg nufpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 77

sfuhsf] kt' nL

sfuhaf6 xftk] t' nL tyf cGo vn] fg} f klg agfpg ;lsG5 . l;hg{ fsf]
xftdf Pp6f k'tnL 5 . xft]k'tnL lnP/ l;hg{ f syf ;g' fpl“ 5g\ .
ltdL klg o:t} xftk] t' nL agfpm .

l;hg{ f / pgsf] uf?] ´G' 8o\ fpg] vn] fg} f

ss' /'

ljBfno jl/kl/ /xs] f ljleGg j:tx' ¿, h:t} M 9ª' u\ f, O6“ f, 8f/] L,
n67\ L, sf7, df6f,] afnj' f cflbaf6 klg lgdf0{ f sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .
ltdL klg o:t} j:tx' ¿af6 ;fyL;u“ ldnL /dfOnf vn] fg} fx¿ agfpm .

ljm| ofsnfk

sfuh, l;Gsf, pmg, /ª cflb ko| fu] u/L /dfOnf xftk] t' nL jf vn] fg} fx¿ agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljBfno j/k/ kfOg] j:tx' ¿ ;ªs\ ng ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;dx" df ljefhg u/L lgdf0{ f sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– dfly lbOPsf gdg' fx¿ ss] ] ko| fu] u/L s;/L hf8] s] f 5g,\ cjnfs] g tyf 5nkmn u/fO{

ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ klg lgdf0{ f sfo{ ug{ kf| T] ;fxg ugx{' f;] \ .

78 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

sfuhsf j:tx' ¿

AFfSNFF] sfuhaf6 w/] } j:tx' ¿ agfpg ;lsG5 . oxf“ Pp6f 3/sf]
gdg' f bv] fPsf] 5 . oxf“ sfuhnfO{ sf6/] , k6o\ fP/, aªu\ fP/ tyf
hf8] /] 3/ agfOPsf] 5 . o; 3/sf] ‰ofn, 5fgf, 9fs] f s;/L agfPsf]
xfn] f ljrf/ u/ <

afSnf] sfuhaf6 agfOPsf 3/x¿

kmn" agfpg sfuhnfO{ 3d' fp/f] kf/s] f] 5 .
cfkm"nfO{ dg nfu]sf] s'/f agfpg cfkm\ g}
tl/sfn] agfpg sfl] ;; u/ .

sfuhsf] km" n

ljm| ofsnfk

-s_ a66\ fx¿nfO{ sf6/] 3/,uf8L jf sg' } hgfj/ cflb agfpm .

-v_ afSnf] sfuh sf6L hf8] L sg' } cfkmn" fO{ dg kg{] j:t' agfpm .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;dx" df ljefhg u/L ljleGg j:tx' ¿ ;ªs\ ng ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– sr“} L jf wfl/nf] j:t' rSss' f] ko| fu] u/fpb“ f ljifz] ;fjwfgLkj" s{ sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– lgdf0{ f sfo{ u/fpb“ f ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] dfl} nstfnfO{ ljifz] Wofg lbO{ sfo{ u/fpgx' f;] \ .
– lgdf0{ f u/s] f sl[ tx¿af/] ljBfyLx{ ¿df 5nkmn ugs{ f ;fy} kb| zg{ ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 79

PsfO bO' { ;ªu\ Lt

kf7 – ! d /fli6o« ufg ufp5“ '

;of“} yu“' f kmn" sf xfdL Pp6} dfnf gk] fnL
;fje{ fd} e} kml} nPsf dr] L dxfsfnL
ks| l[ tsf sfl] 6sfl] 6 ;Dkbfsf] cfr“ n
jL/x¿sf /utn] :jtGq / c6n
1fgel" d zflGtel" d t/fO{ kxf8 lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfdf| ] dfte[ l" d gk] fn
axn' hflt efiff wd{ ;:+ sl[ t 5g\ ljzfn
cuu| fdL /fi6« xfdf| ] ho ho gk] fn

ljm| ofsnfk

o; /fli6o« ufgnfO{ o;/L g} af/Daf/ cEof; u/ .

lzIfs lgbz{] g M

– /fli6o« ufgaf/] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpgx' f;] \ .

– /fli6o« ufg klxn] lzIfs :jodn\ ] ufP/ ;g' fO;sk] l5 ljBfyLn{ fO{ ;fx] Lcg;' f/ cEof;

u/fpg'xf];\ . /fli6«o ufg ufpg'eGbf klxn] tfn cyf{t\ tfnL jf dfbnsf] ;xof]u lnO{

cEof; u/fpgx' f;] \ .

80 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – @ sIffut uLt

w/] } k95\ f“} w/] } nV] 5f,“} ;fgf;fgf gfgL
a4' h:t} TofuL aG5f,“} hgs´“} 1fgL
¿ku0' f zLnjtL, lxph“ :t} uf/] L
pdf ;Ltf es[ 6' L xg' ,\ -gk] fns} 5f/] L_@

efOag} L ;an} fO{ a/fa/ 7fgL
a4' h:t} TofuL aG5f,“} hgs´“} 1fgL

k9Lnv] L l;S5f“} xfdL, c/lgsf´] “} ;Lk
afN5f“} kY[ jLefgn' ] ´,}“ -Pstfsf] bLk_@

kmx/fp5“ f}“ ljZjel/ gk] fnL lgzfgL
a4' h:t} TofuL aG5f,“} hgs´“} 1fgL
dr] Lbl] v dxfsfnL, kxf8dw;]
gk] fnL xf“} ;a} xfdL, -gk] fn xfdf| ] bz] _@

Ps} :j/, Ps} no, Pp6} cfgLafgL
a4' h:t} TofuL aG5f,“} hgs´“} 1fgL
w/] } k95\ f“} w/] } nV] 5f,“} ;fgf;fgf gfgL
a4' h:t} TofuL aG5f,“} hgs´“} 1fgL

lzIfs lgbz{] g M
sIffut uLt sx/jf tfn jf VofnL tfn xf] eg/] ljBfyLn{ fO{ hfgsf/L u/fpgx' f;] \ . sIffut
uLt ufpge' Gbf cufl8 ;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ tfnL jf dfbndf o; tfnnfO{ cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
sIffut uLt l;sfpge' Gbf cufl8 lzIfsn] pSt uLtsf] :j/lnlk / sof;6] ;G' gx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 81

kf7 – # afnuLt

k9, eg / ufpm M

lstfa ltdf| ] u0' fsf] avfg
s] ug{ ;Sy“] d 5' x} cGhfg
;w“} gdfgLsg sQL ´sf{]
lbG5f} atfOs{ g 1fg csf{]

syf sxfgL Oltxf; gfgf
lj1fg cf} 1fg gof“ k/' fgf
Pss] 5nª{ u\ u/L dnfO{
;Dk0" f{ lbG5f} ltdL g} atfO{

;fR“ r} ltdLleq ;ah} gfsf]
ltdf| ] 5 b/af/ ;w“} vn' f Tof]
/fv/] ;t1\ fg 7n" f] esf/L
af8“ g\ ] ltdL g} pkrf/ ef/L

dgi' osf] hLjgdfu{ vf;
bv] fO lbG5f} gagL xtf;
k9/] /fdf| al9of lstfa
d u5{' c1fg ;a} ;vfk

ljm| ofsnfk

dfly lbOPsf] sljtfnfO{ no ldnfP/ uLt ufpg] cEof; u/ .

lzIfs lgbz{] g M
– sg' } klg afnuLt ufpg nufpge' Gbf cufl8 To;sf] efjfy{ ljBfyLn{ fO{ atfOlbgx' f;] ,\ To;kl5

v08v08 ul/Psf afnuLtnfO{ sfnfk] f6L jf sf8a{ f8] d{ f nv] L vl08t ul/Psf] -! @ # $ % ^
& *_ nl] vPsf] 7fpd“ f tfnL lb“b} afnuLt cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– uLt ufp“bf jf l;sfpb“ f :yfgLo jf sg' } klg nonfO{ cfwf/ dfg/] cEof; u/fpg ;Sgx' G' 5 .

82 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

d /fli6o« uLt ufp5“ '

k9, eg / ufpmM

lxdfnrn' L lz/ d/] f] sNn] ;S5 5g' <
uLt ufp5“ ' gk] fnLsf] gk] fnL g} xg'
:jfledfgL zflGtkd]| L d/] f] klxrfg
efjgfsf] :jR5 d t a¢' d/] f] gfd .

xf/L efu] ;fdf| Ho tL xf/“] dn} ] stf <
pt} kms{ k/bz] L vs' /' L x“' d tf Û
sfb] fnLsf] la8“ d/] f] /fOkmnsf] gfn
kl;gfsf] vt] L d/] f] hLjgsf] 9fn .

:jfledfgL sf] 5 egL ljZjdf´ ;fw] ] <
gk] fnL g} k?' iffyL{ lgikIf e} afn] ] .
gk] fnLs} lglDt n85\ ' gk] fnLs} ug'
cfkmn“} ] hfgs] f] 5' :jfledfgL xg' .

ljm| ofsnfk

o;u} /L cGo x/kmsf] zAbfIf/nfO{ klg tfndf afw“ L cfkm" n] hfgs] f sg' }
nodf ufpg] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
sfnf]kf6L jf sf8{af]8{df vl08t ul/Psf !, @, #, $, %, ^, & / * n]lvPsf] 7fp“df tfnL
lb“b} /fli6o« uLt cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
-gf6] M /fli6o« uLt ufpb“ f :yfgLo jf sg' } klg nonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cEof; u/fpg ;Sgx' G' 5 ._

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 83

d ufp“ vfg] sljtf ufp5“ '

emg\ hlt tfR5f} emg\ plt 7n" f] bl] vG5 a9s] f]
gtf5;] Dd h:tfsf] t:t} Tof] xG' 5 /xs] f]
s] xfn] f To:tf] sg' rflx“ j:t' elgbp] dnfO{
geg] bl] v d} elglbG5' ufp“ bp] m dnfO{

Zofd

cgf7} f] nfUof] of] ltdf| ] kZ| g ;G' bd} f dnfO{
´g tf5o\ f} eg] ´g 7n" f] xg' ] pN6f] 5 egfO
tk} lg ;fr] L ug/] eG5' s] rflx“ /x5]
cgf7} f] xfO] g ;fdfGo s/' f ‘vfN8f’] kf] /x5] .

/fdfjtf/

ljm| ofsnfk

dfly lbOPsf] ufpv“ fg] sljtfh:t} cGo ltdLn] ;g' s] f sljtfx¿
klg ldnfP/ ufpg] cEof; u/ .

lzIfs lgbz{] g M
;jk{ y| d ufpv“ fg] sljtfsf] efjfy{ atfOlbgx' f;] \ . To;kl5 v08v08 ul/Psf ufpv“ fg]
sljtfnfO{ sfnfk] f6L jf sf8a{ f8] d{ f !, @, #, $, %, ^, & / * nl] vPsf] 7fpd“ f tfnL lbb“ }
;d"xdf uLt ufpg] cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ / kfn}kfnf] Ps hgfnfO{ Zofd / Ps hgfnfO{
/fdfjtf/sf] el" dsf lbg] / ufpg nufpg] cEof; ugx{' f;] \ .

84 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

d 3fd 5fof sljtf ufp5“ '

slt /fdf| ] 5fof slt /fdf| ] 3fd
rp/df vN] 5g\ bj' } Ps} 7fp“
vfn] fjfl/af6 vfn] fkfl/ t5g{ \
8f8“ f jfl/kfl/ ns' fdf/L u5g{ \
h;} 3fd a:5 g/dfOnf] dfgL
p8L cfp5“ ] 5fof zLtn kªv\ tfgL
h;} 5fof a:5] ljgf sf/] Laf6L
clg cfp5“ 3fd sfnf] d3] sf6L

lzIfs lgbz{] g M
;jk{ y| d sljtfsf] efjfy{ atfOlbgx' f;] \ . To;kl5 v08v08 ul/Psf sljtfnfO{ sfnfk] f6L jf
sf8{af]8{df !, @, #, $, %, ^, & / * n]lvPsf 7fp“df tfnL lb“b} ;d"xdf uLt ufpg] cEof;
u/fpg'xf];\ . afs“ L ufpg] cEof; klg u/fpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 85

kf7 – $ tfndf tfnL ahfcf“}

* dfqfsf] tfndf tfnL ahfcf“} .

-s_ ! @ # $ % ^ & *
tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL

-v_ !,@ #,$ %,^ &,*

tfnL tfnL tfnL tfnL
((
((
((
((

ljm| ofsnfk

;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ tfnLsf] cEof; u/ .

lzIfs lgbz{] g M

;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ tfnLsf] af/Daf/ cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . cEof; ug{] jm| ddf * dfqfsf] sx/jf

tfn xf] egL ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpgx' f;] \ . sg' } klg kf7 ;?' uge{' Gbf cufl8 ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{
;dx" df sx] L l5g eP klg ;/ud cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] ,\ h:tM}

-s_ cf/fx] M ;f /] u d k w gL ;f+

cj/fx] M ;f gL w k d u /] ;f
-v_ cf/fx] M ;f/u] –, /u] d–, udk–, dkw–, kwgL–, wgL;f–+ ,

cj/fx] M ;fg+ Lw–, gLwk–, wkd–, kdu–, du/–] , u/;] f–,
-u_ cf/fx] M ;f;f;f //] /] ] uuu ddd kkk www gLgLgL ;f;+ f;+ f+

cj/fx] M ;f;+ f;+ f+ gLgLgL www kkk ddd uuu //] /] ] ;f;f;f

gf6] M :j/ cEof; u/fpbf cfkm" nfO{ ;lhnf] xg' ] :j/nfO{ ;f dfg/] jm| dzM :j/nfO{ r9fpb} ;f= /=] u=d=k=

w= lg= ;f /] u d k w lg ;f+ /]+ u+ d+ k+ w+ lg+ ubf{ dflyNnf] ufpg ;f+ ;Dd cf/fx] nufpgx' f;] \ . o;

jm| ddf dflyNnf] ;f+ af6 cj/fx] ubf{ jm| dzM :j/nfO{ nt ´fb{} cfpgx' f;] \ .

86 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

d dfbn ahfp5“ '

-s_ VofnL
dfqf ! @ # $ % ^ & *
afn] lw–“ gtL gs lwg“ f lw“ gtL gs lwg“ f

-v_ sx/jf
dfqf ! @ # $ % ^ & *
afn] wfu] gtL gs lwgf wfu] gtL gs lwg“ f
(
(
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ljm| ofsnfk

-s_ dfly lbOPsf] afn] nfO{ cEof; u/ .
-v_ o;/L oL afn] x¿nfO{ af/Daf/ cEof; u/ .
-u_ oL afn] x¿nfO{ dfbn ahfP/ klg cEof; ug{] sfl] ;; u/ .

lzIfs lgbz{] g M
;jk{ y| d lzIfsn] dflysf ;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ dfbndf ahfP/ bv] fpg] / ;fx] Lcg¿' k ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{
;dx" df jf Psn cEof; ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . dflysf] -s_ dfbnsf] afn] / -v_ 9fn] s jf
tanfsf] afn] xf] egL ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 87

kf7 – % uf8] f / ss' R{' rfsf] rfn

d uf8] f;u“ } ss' R{' rf klg rnfp5“ ' .

bfof“ uf8] f;u“ } ss' R{' rf rnfPsf] afof“ uf8] f;u“ } ss' R{' rf rnfPsf]

ljm| ofsnfk

uf8] f;u“ ss' R{' rf klg rnfpg] cEof; u/ .

lzIfs lgbz{] g M

– ;j{k|yd ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kª\lStdf cyf{t\ ;d -;ts{sf]_ cj:yfdf pEofpg'xf];\ . b'j} xft
sDd/df /fVg nufO{ ! / @ uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] fsf] ss' R{' rfn] afof“ uf8] fsf] a9" Lcfn“} feGbf sx] L
cufl8 sl/a $ OGr eO' d“ f xfGg nufpgx' f;] \ .

– of] ljm| ofsnfk ubf{ sDd/eGbf dflysf] efu bfofl“ t/ em' sfpg,] # uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] fsf]
kt} fnfn] cfkm\ gf] klxn] 7fpd“ f xfGg] / cfkm\ gf] z/L/ ;Lwf /fvL $ uGtLdf afof“ uf8] fsf]
kt} fnfn] cfkm\ g} 7fpd“ f xfGg nufpgx' f;] \ .

– of] ljm| ofsnfk af/Daf/ u/fpgx' f;] ,\ ;fy} 8Dkm' cyjf dfbnsf] $ dfqfsf] tfndf klg cEof;
u/fpgx' f;] \ .

– bfof“ uf8] faf6 /fd/| L ug{ hfgk] l5 afof“ uf8] faf6 klg ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
– of] uf8] f / ss' R{' rfsf] rfn gk] fnL nfs] gT[ o tfdfª ;n] fd] f a9L ko| fu] xG' 5 .

88 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

uf8] f;u“ } xftsf] rfn

d uf8] fsf] ss' R{' rf ;u“ ;u“ } xft klg rnfp5“ ' .

ljm| ofsnfk

lrqdf h:t} lz/df xft /fvL uf8] fsf] ss' R{' rfn] bfofl“ t/ ´s' /] eO' d“ f xfGg]
cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;dsf] cj:yfdf pEofO{ bj' } xft lz/df sfgeGbf clns dfly /fvL bfofl“ t/

´s' /] !–@ uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] fsf] ss' R{' rfn] afof“ uf8] fsf] a9" L cfn“} feGbf sl/a $ OGr hlt

cufl8 xfGg] / # uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] fsf] kt} fnfn] cfkm\ gf] klxns] f] 7fpd“ f xfGg nufpgx' f;] \ .

$ uGtLdf lz/df /fvs] f] xft sDd/df /fVg nufpgx' f;] \ .
– of] ljm| ofsnfk af/Daf/ u/fpgk' 5{ ;fy} 8Dkm' cyjf dfbnsf] $ dfqf !, @, # / $ df klg

ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

– of] ljm| ofsnfk bfof“ uf8] faf6 /fd/| L ug{ hfgk] l5 afof“ uf8] faf6 klg ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 89

xftn] km" n agfO{ uf8] fsf] rfn

d xftn] km" n agfO{ uf8] f pkmfg{ ;S5' .

ljm| ofsnfk

lrqdf h:t} bj' } xftn] km" n agfO{ cfkm\ gf] lz/dfly /fvL uf8] f pkmfg{] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ;a} ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kªl\ Stdf ;d -;tss{ f_] cj:yfdf pEofO{ bj' } xftn] km" nh:tf] agfO{

cfkm\ gf] lz/dfly ;Lwf /fVg nufpgx' f;] \ . ca ! uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] fn] cfkm\ gf] cufl8 hldgdf

sl/a !) OGr dflylt/ kmfNg] / # uGtLdf cfkm\ g} klxnfsf] 7fpd“ f la;fpg nufpgx' f;] \ . #

uGtLdf afof“ uf8] f bfof“ uf8] f pkmf/h] :t} u/L pkmfg{] / $ uGtLdf afof“ uf8] f cfkm\ gf] 7fpd“ f

la;fO{ bj' } xft sDd/df /fVg nuffpgx' f;] \ .

– of] ljm| ofsnfk dfbnsf] $ dfqfsf] tfndf u/fpgx' f;] \ .

– klxn] of] ljm| ofsnfk u/fp“bf dfbnsf] la:tf/} tfnsf] nodf u/fO{ jm| dzM dfbnsf] no a9fpb“ }

nuL l56fl] 56f] klg ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

90 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

uf8] fsf] cufl8 k5fl8 rfn

d xftn] km" n agfO{ lz/dfly /fvL uf8] f pkmfb{} cufl8 k5fl8 ;g{ ;S5' .

! *
@ &
# ^
$ %
% $
^ #
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cufl8 ;/s] f] k5fl8 ;/s] f]

ljm| ofsnfk

lrqdf bv] fPh:t} bj' } xftn] km" n agfO{ lz/dfly /fvL kfnk} fnfl] ;t bfofa“ fof“
uf8] f cufl8 k5fl8 ;g{] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M

– ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kªl\ Stdf pEofpg] bj' } xftn] km" n agfO{ lz/dfly /fVg] . ! uGtLdf bfof“ uf8] f
hldgeGbf sl/a !) OGr dfly pkmfg{] . @ uGtLdf cln cufl8 ;//] uf8] f la;fpg] . #
uGtLdf afof“ uf8] f pkmfg{] / $ uGtLdf cln cufl8 ;//] uf8] f la;fpg nufpgx' f;] \ . bj' } xft
sDd/df /fvL * uGtL;Dd cufl8 ;g{ tyf k5fl8 klg * uGtL;Dd ;g{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

– of] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ dfbnsf] * dfqfdf cufl8 / * dfqfdf k5fl8 ;g]{ cEof; u/fpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 91

kf7 – ^ x:tdb' f|

x/] , lrg / u/ M

d7' L ;r" L

lzv/ gfu

cwr{ Gb| x;+ f:o

ktfs l;x+ dv'

ljm| ofsnfk

lrqdf bv] fPh:t} ljleGg x:tdb' f| x¿sf] cEof; u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– oL x:tdb' f| x¿af/] hfgsf/L lbO{ kb| zg{ ;dt] u//] bv] fpgx' f;] \ .
– dfly bv] fPsf] ljleGg x:tdb' f| x¿sf] cEof; u/fO{ gT[ ox¿df ;dt] o;sf] ko| fu] u/fpgx' f;] \ .

92 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

kf7 – & d ljleGg s/' fsf] clego u5'{

d/] f] gk] fnL lstfasf] kfgf g=+ % df /xs] f 9ª' u\ fsf] lvr8L eGg]
kf7sf] syfdf /xs] f ljleGg JolStx¿sf] rl/qdf cfwfl/t ljleGg
rl/qx¿sf] clego u/ .

‘‘ vfgs] f' /sf] sx] L lrGtf lngk' bg{}
cfd} Û cfh d 9ª' u\ f ksfP/

vfpn“ f .’’

9ª' u\ f ksfP/ vfpn“ f /] Û
9ª' u\ fsf] lvr8L

s:tf] xb'“ f] xf] Û Û

ljm| ofsnfk

-s_ 9ª' u\ fsf] lvr8L eGg] syfnfO{ /fd/| L k9 / o;df /xs] f ljleGg kfqdWo]
ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] kfq lnO{ ;fyL;u“ ldn/] clego u/ .

-v_ o:t} ks| f/sf cGo syf, sljtf jf gf6sdf klg clego u/ .
-u_ ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] jf dg k/s] f] sg' } syf jf gf6ssf] /rgf u/L clego

klg ug{ ;S5f} u/ .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
– sIff @ df ePsf clegosf] ljm| ofsnfkx¿sf] kg' /fjl[ Q ugx'{ f;] \ .
– ;DalGwt kf7x¿nfO{ gf6sLo 9ªu\ n] k:| tt' ug{ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kl]| /t u/L kfqcg;' f/ km/] abn

u/L clego u/fpgx' f;] \ . pgLx¿n] u/s] f clegosf] ;/fgf u/L cfjZos lgbz{] g klg lbg
;lsG5 . ljleGg ks| f/sf /rgfx¿df klg clego u/fpgx' f;] \ .

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 93