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w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

w¾O

^flál;d ix.%yh&

1

Yla;sl i;al=udr

l¾;Df.a fjk;a lD;s

flál;d • kQ;k flál;d úu¾Yk - 2018
• isõjk mrmqr - 2006 ^ixialD;sl ^wð;a n,xf.dv iu`.&

lghq;= fomd¾;fïka;=fõ 50 jeks • kQ;k ldjH úu¾Yk - 2019 ^wð;a
iaj¾K chka;s idys;H iïudkh& n,xf.dv iu`.&
• l¿ ulrd - 2010 ^jhU m<d;a
idys;H iïudk& • mEk( w;skQ;k idys;H Ydkr
• mf;dla lgq - 2012 ^jhU m<d;a úu¾Yk - 2020
idys;H iïudk&
• ñkS lmkakdf.a yDo idlaIsh - 2015 pß; l;d
^jhU m<d;a idys;H iïudk& • u;l md,u - 2013 ^jhU m<d;a
• je,s - 2016 ^rdcH idys;H iïudk
wjika jgh i`oyd ks¾foaYs;$ jhU idys;H iïudk&
m<d;a idys;H iïudk& • ysre fidhd hk ñksiaiq - 2016
• úlsrK .eyeksh - 2017 ^wdisß
uqKisxy iu`.& fn!oaO
• l+vq - 2018 ^jhU m<d;a idys;H iïudk& • Èú uÕg myka jegla - 2004 ^jhU
• isr.; l< l;djla - 2019 ^cd;sl
f.dvf.a idys;H iïudk wjika m<d;a wOHdmk ksmqK;d iïudkh&
jgh i`oyd ks¾foaYs;& • ioyï ulrkao - 2008 ^O¾u Y%S ;s,l-

lú j¾Ok iu`.&
• fjä jeÿK mkays| - 2009 ^jhU • wud oï - 2009 ^hkQId ,laud,s iu`.&

m<d;a idys;H iïudk& ixialrK
• w÷r - 2011 ^jhU m<d;a idys;H iïudk& • ldjH fiahd ( ,d,a yEf.dv ks¾udK
• wyi wysñ i`ola - 2012 ^jhU m<d;a
ika§mk - 2011 ^;j;a wh iu`.&
idys;H iïudk& • wdf,dapk ( wdßhr;ak ú;dk
• mshdm;la ìu fy<ñ - 2016
• wiïu; ySkhla - 2019 ks¾udK úuxik - 2013
• hq.df,dalh ( fmdär;ak w`.uf,a
kjl;d
• u;l .ïfodr - 2011 ks¾udK úuxik - 2016
• ksjy,a Ñka;k <ud lD;s fm< ^wxl(
úpdr
• u<.sh we;af;da kjl;d úu¾Yk - 01 isg wxl( 05 olajd&

2011 ^fm%aud r;akdhl iu`.& kdgH
• ùÈ ,dïmq ( ldjH úpdr ixys;d - • kdgH ;=kla - 2014 ^wdßhr;ak

2012 ^hkQId ,laud,s iu`.& ú;dk iu`.&
• isxy, flál;dfõ lïue,a,ùr
fjk;a
,l=K - 2014 ^jhU m<d;a idys;H • úhuk( ks¾udKlrKhg w;aje,la -
iïudk&
• mkays`ol uqjro - 2014 ^hkQId 2018
,laud,s iu`.& • idys; ix,dm - 2020
• f;uxi, - 2015 ^hkQId ,laud,s iu`.& • mshdm;l ieye,a¨j - 2020 ( ksjy,a
• mK .efyk wl=re - 2018
• ¨yqn¢k ñksid - 2018 Ñka;lfhl=g ijka §u
• neoafoa.u kjl;d úu¾Yk - 2018
^wð;a n,xf.dv iu`.& uqøKfha mj;sk lD;s
• fmuf;d cdh;s fidfld kdgH

úu¾Yk ^wð;a n,xf.dv iuÕ&
• h:d¾:( kS;s{ wÓ, w;djqo iudc

lsheùï
• úksúo( wdpd¾h w;=,isß iurfldaka

iudc lsheùï

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w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

w¾O

^flál;d ix.%yh&

Yla;sl i;al=udr

3

Yla;sl i;al=udr

w¾O
flál;d ix.%yh
© Yla;sl i;al=udr
m%:u uqøKh - 2021

ISBN @@@@@@

ljr ks¾udKh
ä,ka; uq;=.,
mß.Kl msgq ieliqu
ä,ka; uq;=.,

m%ldYkh
.%e*sflhd
136" fldiaj;a; mdr" l<m¿jdj" rdc.sßh'
ÿrl:kh( 011-4007193

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w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

ms<s.ekaùu

ckdêm;s kS;S{ fÊ'iS' je,swuqK uy;d
ckdêm;s kS;S{ id,sh mSßia uy;d

ckdêm;s kS;S{ tia'à' chkd. uy;d
fcHIaG kS;S{ pñkao w;=fldar, uy;d
kS;S{ ixch ú,aika chfialr uy;d

kS;S{ Wmq,a l=urmafmreu uy;d
kS;S{ tia' fldgf.dvfyÜá uy;d
kS;S{ fla'ví,sõ' ckrxck uy;d
kS;S{ iS'ví,sõ'ví,sõ' r;akdhl uy;d

kS;S{ wÓ, w;djqo uy;d
kS;S{ nqoaOfoaj .=Kr;ak uy;d
kS;S{ ue,alï updfvda uy;d
kS;S{ chka; foysw;a;f.a uy;d

kS;S{ ;=Idr o is,ajd uy;d
kS;S{ ksydr rkafo‚h uy;d
kS;S{ ;ß`ÿ r;akdhl uy;d

kS;S{ ñ.dr fvdaia uy;d
kS;S{ úrxck fyar;a uy;d
kS;S{ lú`ÿ .S.kf.a uy;d
kS;S{ iïm;a mqIaml=udr uy;d
kS;S{ ;s<s‚ úodkm;srK uy;añh
kS;S{ ixÔj l¿wdrÉÑ uy;d
kS;S{ mq,ia;s fyajudkak uy;d
kS;S{ yxil rdclreKd uy;d
kS;S{ relau,a nKavdr uy;d
kS;S{ tia'Ô' mqxÑfyajd uy;d
kS;S{ wkq;a;r ú;dk uy;d
kS;S{ ldxpk ùrndyq uy;d

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Yla;sl i;al=udr

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w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

mgqk 09-25
27 - 32
fmrjok 33 - 50
51 - 62
1' w¾O 63 - 77
78 - 92
2' ;d;a;d 93 - 104
105 - 116
3' n;a.=<s ;=k
117 - 124
4' wcd^i;a&

5' idlaIs y;rla

6' .cuq;=

7' úÿ,s mxldj

³ iudc ú[a[dKhg wNsfhda. ;=kla
t,a, lrk zisr.; l< l;djlaZ
- rK;a l=udrisxy

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Yla;sl i;al=udr

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w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

fmrjok

Yla;sl i;al=udr idys;H ks¾udKhla lsÍu ksid
,xldfõ m<uq jrg isr .; lrkq ,enQ ks¾udKlrejd h' Tyq
tu ovhug ,laùfuka miq m< lrkakd jQ fuu flál;d
tl;=j" Tyqg fndre kvqjla wegùug fhdod .;a zw¾OZ
iy z.cuq;=Z hk flál;d fol o" Tyq isr .; lr isáoa§
isrf.or Ôú;h .ek ,enQ w;aoelSï u; ,shQ flál;d
lsysmhlska o iukaú; fjhs' whsiSiSmSwd¾ (ICCPR) kue;s mk;
hgf;a Tyqg mejÍug kshñ; j ;snQ wmrdO kvqj kS;sm;s úiska
fmd,a.yfj, Widúfha § b,a,d wialr .ekSfuka miq j
i;al=udr j ksoyia lrk ,§'

i;al=udr iy tu mk; hgf;a ovhug ,la jQ ;j;a
f,aLlhka fjkqfjka n,j;a Woaf>daIKhla Èh;a ú‚' tys
n,mEu hgf;a Tyq ksoyia lsÍug isÿjqK uq;a fï mshjr
md,l mka;sfha Wml%ñl miq neiSula muKls' u¾okh
ioyd fhdod.;a whsiSiSmSwd¾ mk; ;du;a kS;s fmdf;a rlaIs;
j mj;S' ïf,aÉP;ajfha Ôj WKav jkakd jQ wd.ñl iy
jd¾.sl *eisiaÜ kv ;du;a ksoe,af,a ùÈ ießir;s' ñ,sgß
wd{dodhl;ajhla u.ska m%cd;;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska wfydais
lsÍfï ie,iqï fkdkej;S ls%hd;aul fjhs'

whsiSiSmSwd¾ mk; hgf;a f,aLlhl=g fpdaokd bÈßm;a
l< jydu wem ,nd .ekSfï whs;shla fkdue;sj pQÈ;hd

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Yla;sl i;al=udr

ßudkaâ Ndrhg m;al< yels w;r tu.ska" Tyqg fyda wehg
mekfjkafka wjqreÿ oyhl Wmßu o`vqjï Èh yels wmrdO
j¾.fha kvqjls' fï wkqj i;al=udr udi y;rla ßudkaâ
Ndrfha ;nd .kakd ,§'

fï mk; ,xldfõ kùk idys;H b;sydih ;=<
idys;Hlrejl=g ìhlska f;dr j iajdëk j ,súh yels jQ
hq.h wjidkhlg f.k wdfõ h'

l;=jrhd fuu fmdf;a kj ks¾udK ish,a, ,shd
we;af;a oi wjqreÿ Wmßu isr o`vqjul ;¾ckh fkdi,ld
yßñks' u¾okhg Tyq mEfkka § we;s ms<s;=r fmkajkafka"
rdcH ovhu Tyqf.a ks¾udKd;aul wêIaGdkh uqjy;a lr
we;s njhs' wkd.; f,aLlhka ksiel j u thska wdiajdohla
,nkq we;' fuu lD;sfha we;s Tyq lE.,a, isrf.or § ,nd
.;a w;aoelSï weiqßka ,shQ l;d fkdu| mdGl wjOdkhg
,lajkq we;' tajd i;H isoaëka u; ,shejqKq nj;a isrf.h
;=< mj;sk we;a; ;;a;ajh ;ud ksrEmKh lr we;s nj;a
Tyq mjihs' ,sùfï ksoyi Èkd .ekSfï wr.,h ;=< § fuu
flál;d bÈßfha § úpdrhg ,la jkq we;'

;ykug ,la jQ zw¾OZ flál;dj oeka lshjd úpdrhg
,la l< yels h' tu.ska idys;H ovhfï wruqKq fuka u th
mrdch lsÍfï ls%hdud¾.hka .ek o wmg m<,a idlÉPdjla
werôh yels h'

j¾.jd§ iy wd.ïjd§ m%fldamhkag o~qjï §fï
uqjdfjka f,aLlhka u¾okhg fhdod.;a whsiSiSmSwd¾ mk;
2007 § iïu; lrk ,oafoa uyskao rdcmlaI wdKavqjhs'
mk; iïu; flreKq 2007 isg wo olajd m%fldamldÍ
ls%hdjka wd.ñl yd ckjd¾.sl iq¿;r m%cdjkag
úreoaO j ksrka;rfhka isÿjQ kuq;a tu wmrdOlrejka
lsisjl=g fuu mk; hgf;a lsis mshjrla fkd.eks‚'
tmuKla fkdj" fï ld,h ;=< § wdKavj" o~qjï ,enQ

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w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

m%fldamldÍ wmrdOlrejkag iudj § ;sfí' yÈisfhka u
2019 § fuu mk; l=reudkï w,a,d f.dÿre lr .kq ,enQ
ks¾fodaIS f,aLlhkag tfrys j fhdo jkq ,enqfha j¾.jd§ka
iy m%;s.dó ckudOH úiska fufyhjqKq ,enQ Woaf>daIK
uOHfha h'

tu mkf;a 3 ^1& j.ka;sfha zhqoaOh me;srùu fyda
fjkia f,i ie,lSug" tÈßjdÈlïj,g fyda m%pKav
ls%hdj,g fhduq lsÍug ixhqla; jk cd;sl" jd¾.sl" fyda
wd.ñl ffjrh i|yd fm,UùïZ hk j.ka;sh hgf;a
nqoaOd.ug wmydi lsÍu iy tu.ska ck;dj w;r fNao we;s
lsÍfï fpdaokd u; fuu fmd,sia mÍlaIK wrUk ,§'

Bg uq,ska u f.dÿre jQfha fla'fla' Y%Skd;a p;=rx.
^nqÿkaf.a ria;shdÿj - kjl;dj& iy ud,l foajms%h
^ksfydka iem ,efíjd - f¾äfhda kdgHh& kï f,aLlhka
fofokdhs' fudjqkag t,a, jQ fpdaokd jQfha ;u lD;Ska u.ska
nqoaOd.ug wmydi lsÍu iy tu.ska ck;dj w;r fNao
we;s lsÍuhs' tu fpdaokd fndre nj ikd: jQfha l;=jreka
fofokdg kvq mejÍug fmd,sishg fkdyels ùfuks'

ñka miq j Yla;sl i;al=udr wka;¾cd,fha m<
l< zw¾OZ kue;s mqxÑ flál;dj u; NslaIQkaf.a iy
ckudOHj, uQ,sl;ajfhka Èh;a jQ Woaf>daIKhla ueoafoa
§ Tyq w;awvx.=jg f.k udi y;rla ßudkaâ Ndrfha ;nk
,§' Tyqf.a fiajd ld¾hd,h ;=<;a" úNd.h i|yd fmd,sishg
f.ka jQ Èkfha § fmd,sish ;=<;a" Widúhg bÈßm;a l<
m<uq Èkfha § Widúh bÈßfha;A" NslaIQkaf.a fldamdúIag
Woaf>daIK isÿ úh'

Tyqg tfrys kvqj mejrefKa kvq úNd.hg l,skau
Tyq jerÈlrejl= njg m;a lrñks' iEu pQÈ;fhla u kvq
;Skaÿj fok f;la ks¾fodaIS wfhla f,i ie,lsh hq;= h
hk OfkaYajr m%cd;ka;%jd§ isoaOdka;h fuu rdcH ovhu

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Yla;sl i;al=udr

;=< § kej; fkdtk mßÈ msgux lr we;' myr t,a, jQ
f,aLlhkag ms<s;=re §fï bvla m%ydrl ck udOHj,ska
fkdfok ,§'

fuu lD;sh idys;H md,kh i|yd ,xldfõ fhdojk
jdrK kS;s moaO;sfha lsisu fr.=,dishlg mgyeks j fkdhhs'
th tu jdrK uKav,j,g bÈßm;a l< hq;=hehs ks¾foaY
lsÍug kS;sm;s mshjr fkd.ekSu fmkajkafka wdKavqj
uq¿ukska u kS;s úfrdaë j ls%hd lr we;s njhs' fuys §
u;=msáka fmfkk ,snr,ajdoh msgqmiska wka;¾cd,h o~qlf|a
.eiSfï kS;s ilia fjñka mj;S' tfy;a" whsiSiSmSwd¾ kS;sh
´kE u wjia:djl § f,aLlhkag tfrys j fhoúh yels
dhqOhls' md,l mka;sfha iEu miqneiSula ;=< u jvd oreKq
m%ydr t,a, lsÍfï ie,iqï mj;S'

fuu mk; mek jQ j;auka md,l mka;sh u th
ixialD;shg tfrys m%ydrhkays wdhqO f,i fhoùu
fmkajkafka j;auka rdcHh ;=< m%cd;ka;%jdoh /lSfï hï
fyda úNjhka mj;skafka h hkak úkdYldÍ ñ:Hdjla nj;a
cd;Hka;r iduh" ixj¾Okh" ixialD;sh iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh
f.dvke.Sfï kdufhka f.dv k.d we;s cd;Hka;r
OfkaYajr wdh;k moaO;sfha jxpdldr iajNdjh;a h'

fuu mk; hgf;a meñ‚,a,la l< jyd u pQÈ;hd
w;awvx.=jg .ekSfï n,h fmd,sishg ysñfjhs' ufyaia;%d;a
Widúh bÈßfha kvqjla f.dkq lsÍfuka miq j Tyqg
wem §fï whs;shla ufyaia;%d;ajrhdg ke;' pQÈ;hd udi
.Kkdjla isr.; lr ;efnk w;r wem ,nd .; yelafla
fY%aIaGdêlrKfhka muKls' fï i|yd kvq jdr .Kkdjla
.; jk w;r" kvq .dia;= ,laI .Kkla úhoï fõ' fuh
kvqjla Tmamq lsÍug fmr pQÈ;hdg wkshï wdldrfhka
o~qjï lsÍfï l%uhls' pQÈ;hd jrolrejl= l<fyd;a Wmßu
jYfhka jir oyhl isr o`vqjula Èh yel'

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w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

fuys § isÿ lr we;af;a ffk;sl l+fgdamdhla u.ska
idys;H fmd;a jdrKh isú,a kS;s ix.%yfhka bj;a lr
wmrdO kS;s lafIa;%hg we;=¿ lsÍuls' kùk ,dxlsl idys;H
b;sydih ;=< § fmr fkdisÿ jQ mßÈ iajdëk idys;Hhl
meje;au muKla fkdj" fmdÿfõ m%ldYk ksoyi o wfydais
lsÍfï ;¾ckhg fï mk; u.ska iudch uqyqK § ;sfí'

idmrdë m%ldY ms<sn| fuf;la meje;s kS;sh idys;H
l,d lD;Skag o n,mj;ajk mßÈ meyeÈ,s j ks¾jpkh lr
we;a;ls' ta wkqj kS;s úfrdaë fkdjk iudc úfõpkd;aul
idys;H iy l,d lD;Ska iïnkaOfhka l;=jreka yg
kvq mejÍfï kS;shla fuf;la ,xld oKav kS;s ix.%yfha
fkd;sì‚' tfy;a fuu mk; kj wmrdOhla fyj;a
ffk;sl jrola ks¾udKh lrñka" lD;Ska jdrKh lsÍu
isú,a mßmd,k lafIa;%fhka bj;a fldg wmrdO fpdaokd
u; lD;Ska ffk;sl j mÍlaIK lsÍfï n,h fmd,sishg
mjrd we;'

wmrdO iy isú,a kS;s fkdlvñka flfrk l,d
ks¾udKhkays .eí flfrk úfõpk fld;rï ;shqKq
fyda W;am%dildÍ fyda jQj;a tajd wmrdOldÍ W,a,x>khka
fkdjkafka h hkak OfkaYajr m%cd;ka;%jdoh úiska
fuf;la ms<s.ekqKla úh' 1948 isg isÿ jQ rfÜ foaYmd,k
úldYh ;=< óg moku jk whs;Ska l%ufhka iSud lrk
,oafoa jQj;a fuf;la l,a f,aLlhka ks¾udKfhys fhÿfKa
tu ffk;sl ikao¾Nh ;=< h'

,xldj wjg iEu ol=Kq wdishdkq rgl u >d;kh
lsÍï" fndre kvq wgjd isr.; lsÍï iy m%fldamldÍka
fufyhùï wd§ m%pKav ls%hd l,dlrejkag úreoaO j W.%
flfrñka mj;S'

l,d lD;shl iajNdjh" tys w.h iy w¾:Ndrh
m%;slafIam lsÍu iy úlD; lsÍu l,d ovhula Èh;a lsÍfï

13

Yla;sl i;al=udr

wjYH fldkafoaishls' fuu ovhfuys idmrdë nj jgyd
.ekSu i|yd Bg ovóud lr.;a zw¾OZ kue;s lD;sh .ek
úu¾Ykhla l< hq;= h'

i;al=udr isr.; lsÍu;a iu. u Tyq ksoyia lr .ekSu
i|yd m<,A Woaf>daIKhla werUqKq kuq;a tys § isxy, idys;H
lafI;%fha jrm%idÈ; f,aLlhka nyq;rhlf.a ksYaYío;dj
lemS fmks‚' Tjqkaf.a fmdÿ wdl,amhg m%ldYkhla ÿka
lsysm fokl= m%ldY lf<a fuu flál;dj b;d flá tlla
jk ksid tys idys;H jákdlula ke;s nj;a fuu f,aLlhska
;uka úyska u u¾okh le|jdf.k we;s nj;a h'

j;auka idys;H úpdr kHdh flál;dj ks¾jpkh
lrkafka th m<,a lafIa;%hl msysgqjñks' flál;dj j¾.
flfrkafka iudch ;=< ixirKh jk flá isoaëka o tu
Ydkrh fyj;a j¾.hg we;=<;a lrñks' th jerÈ fkdfõ'
ukqIH Ôú;h u W;am%did;aul fyda fÄokSh fyda flá
isoaëkaj,ska ieÿKla nj wfhl=g ;¾l l< yels h' tu
fn§u ks¾udK Ndú;fha § rplhd fuka u mdGlhd o
jvd m%cd;ka;% jQ lafIa;%hlg msúijñka mdGl úkaokfha
iSudjka mq¿,a lrhs' ms<s.;a flál;d j¾.j,ska iuyrla
kï" jpk yfha l;dj ^the six word story&" lAI‚l l;dj"
uhsfl%da l;dj ^micro story&" Wmud l;dj ^the fable&" w;=re
l;dj (anecdote&" flash fiction ^laI‚lj oe,afjk flá §ma;sh
w¾:fhka& fyj;a zmqxÑ flál;djZ wd§ jYfhks' fïjdhska
jpk yfha For sale, baby shoes, never worn kï l;dj ckms%h
jQjls' ta .ek ikd: fkdjQ tla u;hla kï th ,shqfõ
w¾kiaÜ fyñxfõ hk fY%aIaG kjl;dlrejd hkakhs' fuh
flál;djla ùug iqÿiqlï ,nkafka thska orejd ^iuyrúg
Wmf;a § u& wfmalaIs; fkdjk wkaoñka ñh.sh nj ye`.
fjk ksid h' fujeks kùk j¾. lsÍï wm bÈßfha we;s
flál;dj iy th ìysjk ikao¾Nh jgyd .ekSug Woõjla

14

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

imhhs' flál;d j¾.SlrKh m<,a ùu l,djka m%cd;ka;S%h
ùfï fldgils'

úpdrlhskag wkqj fuu l;d j¾.h ;=< mj;sk úfYaI
,laIKhla jkafka" jvd úYd, jQ l;dj,g b`.s lsÍug tAjdg
we;s yelshdjhs' u¾okh lr we;s f;audjka iy iudcfha
háka isÿjk kj fjkialï u;=msgg f.fkk ks¾udK
ìysjk úg § tajd flá nj fkd;ld oykYS,S njla w;am;a
lr .kshs' zw¾OZ flál;djg o isÿ jQfha fuhhs' NslaIq
ixia:dj .ek jvd .eUqre iy jvd m<,a jQ ks¾udKhkag
w; jekSfï ,laIKhla fï l;dj ;=< mj;shs' flál;dfõ
ìysfjk kj m%jK;d iïnkaOfhka u;=jk uQ,sl úpdr
ld¾hhla jkafka tajd l=uk iudc m%mxphla ksfhdackh
lrkafka o hkak fy<s lsÍuhs'

fuu l;dj iy tjeks l;d pß; fyda isoaê ksrEmKh
.eUqrg f.k fkdhhs' mqxÑ flál;dj È.= flál;dj
fuka .eUqre idys;Hd;aul ú.%yhkag fkdhhs' hï kj
f;audjla uq,skau ks¾udKhg yiq ùfï uq,a wjia:dj, §
l:dfõ iajNdjh fyda W!k;dj ;Skaÿ flfrk ixlS¾K
fya;= mej;sh yel' tjeks W;aidyhla wdrïNfha § u
lvd oeóug md,lhskag we;s ´kElu u.ska fmkajkafka
fujekakla jvd .eUqre fy<sorõ lsÍïj, wNsfhda.d;aul
mQ¾j ksñ;a;la iy wdrïNhla f,i Tjqka i,lk njhs'

fuhska i;al=udrf.a zw¾OZ" jeks flál;djla flá
jQj;a pß; iy l;d jia;=j tla;rd ÿrlg j¾Okh lsÍug
bv i,ihs' mqxÑ flál;d ft;sydisl jYfhka iEu
ixialD;sh u ks¾udKh fjhs' wmf.a m<,a YsIagdpdrh
;=<" Bfidmaf.a Wmud l;d" mxp;ka;%h" cd;l l;d iy
iïNdùh ùrl;d jk rdudhKh" uyd Ndr;h iy cd;l
l;d ;=< rpkd fjk l=vd l;d wdÈh Bg WodyrK fõ'
úisjeks ishjfia idys;H kHdh úldYkh ;=< § flál;d

15

Yla;sl i;al=udr

j¾.SlrKh m<,a ùu idys;H-l,djka m%cd;ka;%SlrKh ùu
ms<sn| ls%hdoduhls'

Rcq j fyda jl% j jdrKh lsÍug tfrys j j¾Okh jk
kj ks¾udK m%jK;d ck ks¾udK m:h m<,a lr;s' tfia
u tu m%cd;ka;S%lrKh fmdÿ ckhdf.a iy iyDohskaf.a
iajhxisoaO m%ldYkhka iqcd;lrKh lrhs' th idudkH
mdGlhdf.a oekqj;alu iy iudc ixfõ§;ajh by< kxjhs'

j¾;udk f,dalh ;=< mqxÑ flál;d ckms%h idys;H
jHdmdrhla ù we;s w;r" m%ldYk" úpdr" ks¾udK ix.ï"
Wiia wOHhkhka m%ldYk iy wka;¾cd,fha mqxÑ flál;d
wo ,laI .Kkska ,shefjhs' óg fya;= ù we;af;a wka;¾cd,h
m<,a ckhdg kj ikaksfõok ksoyila f.k foñka woyia
m%ldY lsÍu m%cd;ka;%lrKh lsÍuhs' úúOdx.SlrKh ù we;s
flál;dj ckms%h ùug fuh tla fya;=jls' fuh isÿjkafka
OfkaYajr m%cd;ka;%jdoh ñ,sgß taldêm;s;ajhkag
mßj¾;kh ùfï ls%hdoduhkag m%;súreoaOjh' wfoaYmd,ksl
hehs ie,l=Kq fuu udOHh mka;s hqoaOfha igka ìula njg
m;a fjñka mj;S'

idudkH m%dfoaYSh f,aLlfhla ,shd wka;¾cd,fha
m< l<d jQ;a fndfyda fofkl=f.a wjOdkhg uq,ska u ,la
fkdjQ;a l=vd flál;djlg zi¾jn,OdÍZ wêldÍka fu;rï
ìh jkafka wehs@ fg%dÜials jrla mejiqfha —Okm;s mka;sh
iEu jpkhlgu ìh fjhs˜ hkakhs' zw¾OZ" flál;djla
f,i i,ld ne,Su u.ska thg t,a, flreKq fpdaokdj,
we;a; ke;a; oeka wmg úNd. l< yels h'

i;al=udrf.a ks¾udKh le,‚h úYajúoHd,fha
YsIHfhla jk NslaIqjla isjqre yeÍu ms<sn| b;d l=vd
l;djls' isjqre yßk fuu YsIHhd lidka m,syjvk kñka
.sysfhla njg m;a ùfuka miq j jqj o NslaIq fkajdisld.drfha
/£ isáhs' th isjqre yeÍfuka miq uqo,a wmyiqlï ksid

16

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

wOHdmkh lvdlmam,a ùu je<elaùug YsIH NslaIQka ilia
lr we;s l%uhlg wkqj h' msgia;r ñ;%hl=f.a wdOdrh
;udg ,efnk ksid Tyq iu. kej;Sug hk nj m,syjvk
m%ldY lr;a u NslaIQyq ta .ek lk.dgq fj;s' Tyqf.a ñ;=rd
jk f,dhsâ nqoaêuh keñhdjla we;s ;reKfhls' Tyq rdcH
fkdjk ixúOdkhl idudðlfhla jk w;r" isjqre yeÍug
fmr jrla" NslaIQka lKavdhula Tyqf.a ld¾hd,h jg,d
lrk ,o Woaf>daIKhlg meúÈj isáoa§ m,syjvk o iyNd.s
ù we;s kuq;a oeka Tyqf.a j¾.jd§ woyia fjkia ù we;'

f,dhsâ ;ud ,shQ flál;djla m,syjvkg lshùug
fohs' isoaOd¾: l=udrhd iir l,lsÍ uyK ùug .sfha Tyqg
hfYdaOrd foaúh ,sx.slj i;=gq lsÍug ;snQ fkdyelshdj
ksid hehs tys tla ;ekl i|yka fjhs' tu m%ldYhg oeäj
úreoaO jk m,syjvk tu mqrdfKdala;sh wvx.= flál;dj
mq¨iaid ouk f,i;a th ,xldjg kqiqÿiq nj;a mjihs' tu
úfõpkhg wkq.; fjk Tyqf.a ñ;=rd o u|la miqnisñka th
;udf.a woyila fkdjk nj;a uydhdk fn!oaO iïm%odfha
i|yka jkakla nj;a mjihs' l;=jrhd ñ;=rdf.a ^f,dhsâf.a&
pß;h ksrEmKh lrkafka wd.ug tfrys fya;=jd§ ;¾l
u; mokï jkakl= f,i h'

m,syjvk ñ;=rd iu. Tyqf.a ldurfha kj;shs'
fofokd w;r iu,sx.sl iïnkaO;djla j¾Okh ù we;s nj
we`.fjhs' miqj kskafoa§ m,syjvk iy Tyq isá mkaif,a
kdhl yduqÿrejka w;r iu,sx.sl ñ;% iïnkaOhla j¾Okh
ù ;snQ nj we`.fjk kdhl yduqÿrejka iïnkaO ,sx. fþokh
ms<sn| f,a .,d hEu we;=¿ m%pKav isyskhla Tyq olshs'
isyskh m%nkaO l;djkays ms<s.;a ksrEmK l%uhls' l;=jrhd
fuys § th fyd|ska fhdod .kshs' fuhs weÕfjkafka ix>
iudch ;=< f.dvkefÕk udkj in|;djkays fÄojdplSh
iajNdjhhs'

17

Yla;sl i;al=udr

l;djg t;kska WÑ; wjidkhla ,efnk nj fmfka'
Tyq wjÈ jkafka ìysjk wfmalaIs; kj f,dalhlg fkdj
tla ksrhlska ;j;a ksrhlg h' w;S;h m,syjvk miqmi
yUd hoa§ l;=jrhd mdGlhdf.ka iuq.kshs' mqxÑ flál;dj
§¾> flál;dfõ fmr .ukalrefjls' bÈßfha ìysjk
,dxlsl §¾> flál;dj iksgqyka lrkq we;af;a" fjk;a
foaj,g wu;r j kj msmqreï hq.hls'

l;=jrhd l;dj f.dvk.kafka nqoaOd.ug úreoaOj
;¾l bosßm;a lsÍfï úêl%uhla u; fkdfõ' ^tfia lsÍug
ks¾udKlrejdg whs;shla ke;ehs fuys § woyia fkdfõ'&
/äl,a fya;=jdÈhd jkafka l;=jrhdf.a úfõpkhg f.dÿre
jk m,syjvkf.a ñ;=rd h' f,dhsâf.a m%ldY iy woyia
Tyqf.a pß;hg .e<fmhs' l;dj fy<d olsk j¾.jd§ka
lrkafka pß;hl woyia fyda l%shdjla l;=jrhdg wdrEV
lsÍuhs' tfy;a l;=jrhd pß;hka iu. wkkH fkdfjhs'

l;=jrhd ksrEmKh lrk m,syjvk" NslaIq Ôú;h
tmd ùfï w¾nqohla ;=<ska .uka lrk NslaIqjla jk
kuq;a nqoaOd.u m%;slafIam lrk wfhla fkdfõ' tfy;a
;u w¾nqoldÍ mßj¾;kh ;=< § Tyqf.a wdl,am iy
p¾hdjka fjkiaùug Ndckh fjhs' flál;dj ;=< fn!oaO
ixia:dms;h .ek flfrk úfõpkhla wvx.= jk w;r" iudc
úfõpkh idys;H lD;shl ffki¾.sl ,laIKhla fjhs'
wd.ï úfõpl idys;Hh ìysùfï;a Bg m%;súreoaO j wd.ï
úfõpkh u¾okh lsÍfï rdcH m%jK;d j¾Okh ùfï;a
iudcuh w¾:h oel .; hq;af;a iudch ;=< isÿjkakd jQ
ffjIhsl fjkialï ;=< h'

j;auka iudc w¾nqoh ;=< fujeks úfõpkd;aul
idys;H lD;Ska ìysùu fn!oaO ixia:dms;h idudkH
uyckhd u; orkakd jQ wdêm;Hfha fi,ùula idys;Hh
;=< ms<sìUq ùula o fjhs' f,dhsâ ;=<ska fuys§ flfrkafka

18

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

fya;=jdÈhl=f.a ksrEmKhls' wod< idlÉPdj u.ska fy<s
jkafka l;=jrhd tu pß;h iu. u;jd§ j wkkH ùula
fyda m%pdrKh lsÍula fyda lrk nj fkdfõ'

m%;súreoaO ,laIK we;s pß; foll ixl,kh ;=<ska
ksrEmKh flfrkafka h:d¾:jd§ iudc m%mxphls' th" .eñ
iïNjhlska meúoaog tjkq ,en nqoaêuh jYfhka j¾Okh jQ
;reKfhla ;=< isÿ jk mßj¾;khla o uE; iudc w¾nqoh
;=<ska ìys jkakd jQ fya;=jd§ /äl,a pß;hl ksrEmKhla
o bÈßm;a lrhs'

fuu flál;djg t,a,jk wfkla fpdaokdj jkafka
l:dkdhlhd iy Tyqf.a mkaif,a kdhl yduqÿrejka w;r
j¾Okh jQ iu,sx.sl iïnkaO;djh .ek ksrEmKhhs'
th bÈßm;a flfrkafka ,sx. fþokh iïnkaO m%pKav
isyskhla u.sks'

idys;H f;audjka úYaf,aIKh lsÍug ;yxÑ mekùfï
iy u¾okfha m%;sM,h jkafka idys;H l,djkays j¾Okh
i|yd wjYH mokula jk ksoyia l;slduh jd;djrKh
wfydais lsÍuhs' fmd,sia w;awvx.=jg;a ßudkaâ Ndrhg;a
wmrdO kvq mjrkq ,eîug;a m;aùfï ;¾ckh uOHfha
iajdëk ks¾udK idys;Hhla ìysùfï uQ,sl fldkafoaish
wfydais lr we;' fuh Y;j¾Ihlg jeä ld,hla ;siafia
iudch úiska N=la;s ú¢kq ,enQ whs;Ska ud,djla wfydais
lsÍfï;a ixialD;sh i|yd flreKq wr.,fha Wreuhka wdmiq
yerùfï;a mshjrls' th ñ,sgß taldêm;s;ajhla msysgqùfï
ie,iqïj, fldgils' fuu m%pKav;ajhg ck;dj N=la;s
ú`Èkakd jQ m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska tlla iu. fyda tlg
mej;sh fkdyels h' thska biau;= flfrkafka m%cd;ka;%jd§
whs;Ska i|yd wr.,fha moku l=ulao hk m%Yakhhs' fuu
.eg¨jg uqyqK fok l,dlrejd bÈßfha mj;sk wNsfhda.h
l=ulao@

19

Yla;sl i;al=udr

,xldj ;=< kùk idys;H l,djka j¾Okh jQfha
ì%;dkH md,kfha m%;sM, jYfhks' fuhska cks; jQ iudc
iy ixialD;sl n,fõ. .ek lS¾;s nd,iQßh l< §ma;su;a"
tfy;a ixlaIsma; ú.%yh fuys § m%fhdackj;a fjhs' Tyqf.a
ksÍlaIKh fufiahs(

§¾> b;sydihla uq¿,af,a b;d ukao.dó
úldihlska hq;= j mej;s ,xldfõ wdishd;sl
ksIamdok l%uh ;=< l,d ks¾udK ìys jQ yd
w.h flreKq wdldrh W.=¨jd ouk ,oafoa
hg;a úð;jd§ yd wêrdcHjd§ wdl%uK u.ska
ngysr wêrdcHjd§ka furg uq,a nei .ekSu
úiska h' Bg miq j o fn!oaO wka;¾.;fhka
iukaú; uyd ldjH" LKav ldjH yd ikafoaY
ldjH w;kska fu;kska h<s ysi Tijkag ;e;a
l<;a foafmd< l%uh mßj¾;khg ,la ù ;sîu;a
mqoa.,hd yd iudch w;r kj in|;d msysgqjkq
,eîu;a úiska tu idys;Hfha w;a;sjrï iqka lr
oeñ‚' idys;Hh l,djkaf.a mqk¾Ôjkhla we;s
úh yels j ;snqfKa wêrdcHjdofha m%;sM,hla
jYfhka furg ;=< Okjdoh j¾Okh lsÍfï
ika;;sh ;=< § h' .fuys idfmalaI iajdëk;ajh
iqka lsÍu" lïlre mka;shl jeã tau" Okm;s
mka;shla ixúOdkh jkag weröu yd wjidk
jYfhka cd;sl ksoyi i|yd wr.,h hk
fï ls%hd ika;;sh idys;H l,d ks¾udKh o
we.hSu o iïnkaO kka jeoEreï m%h;akj,g
;=vq ÿkafka h'

mer‚ iudcfha mej;s wfkHdakH r|d mej;sfï
yd nkaOkfha iïnkaO;d mqmqrejd yßkq ,eîu
ksid mqoa.,hdf.a ksoyia ùug fldkafoais

20

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

ie,iSu fï mqoa.,sl;ajh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd
mer‚ idys;H úê Wmfhda. lsÍfï m%h;ak cks;
lf<a h' úpdrlhkaf.a wjOdkhg we;s ;rï yiq
ù ke;s ud;r idys;Hfha § mqoa., ksoyi b,a,d
isàu o m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu o iudc in|;d ta
u; yev .eiaùug ork ;e; o wmg m%:u jrg
oel .; yels fjhs' .eyeksh yd msßñhd w;r
mej;s mer‚ in|;djka fmr<shg ,la ùu;a
w¨;a in|;djka me;Su;a .cuka fkdakdf.a lú
hkqfjka m%p,s; m%nkaOj, o wkH rpkdj, o
m%uqL j oelal yels h' zksoyia mqoa.,sl;ajhZ
i|yd oefrk fï ;e; wêrdcHjdoh úiska hg;a
lr f.k isák rgl § oejeka; m%;súfrdaOhkag
;=vq fohs' wêrdcHjd§kaf.ka cd;sl ksoyi Èkd
.ekSfï wr.,h yd fï m%h;akh w;r we;af;a
ljr iïnkaOhla o@ cd;sl ksoyi i|yd igk
mer‚ iudcfha mej;s k.ak r|d meje;afï
in|;djkaf.kq;a úuqla; ùfï igkla jkafka
o@ "tu igk rg ;=< fjfik úúO cd;Ska"
wd.ñl lKavdhï yd úúOdldr neñj,ska
ne÷Kq ck iuQyhka iudk" ksoyia mqoa.,hka
f,i tAldnoaO lsÍfï wr.,h u jkafka o@
cd;sl ksoyia igk iu. w;aje,a ne| .;a
idys;H l,djka le,U jQ wka;¾.;hka tn÷ h'
fï ksid u mer‚ idys;H rEm mqkre;a:dmkh
lsÍfï ;e; fmr fkdjQ úrE wka;¾.;hla
ls%hd;aul ùfuka fufyhqï ,o ;e;la úh'*

nd,iQßh fuys § furg Okjdoh j¾Okh ùu idys;H
-l,d ks¾udKh iïnkaOfhka we;s l< úma,ùh mßj¾;kfha

* lS¾;s nd,iQßh iy iqpß; .ï,;a( l,amkd f,daljdoh" idys;H l,d
yd udlaiajdoh" 2 jeks ixia'" msg 109

21

Yla;sl i;al=udr

yrh meyeÈ,s lrhs' fuys wka;¾.;hla jk mqoa.,sl ksoyi
i|yd ork ;e; oejeka; m%;súfrdaOhkag ;=vq fohs' zcd;sl
ksoyia igk iu. w;aje,a ne|.;a idys;H l,djka le,U
jQ wka;¾.;hka ffjIhsl n,fõ.Z hehs Tyq ;yjqre
lrhs' iudcfha mriamrhka fy<sorõ flfrk h:d¾:jd§
idys;Hhl jeãu ffjIhsl n,fõ.hla jk ksid u
m%;s.dñ;ajhg th lD;su j u¾okh lsÍug fkdyels h'
idys;H-l,d j¾Okh fï wkqj ffjIhsl iudc n,fõ.hla
jk w;r tajd u¾okh lsÍfï ;e; OfkaYajr iudcfha
isÿjk oejeka; msmsÍï iu. noaO fjhs' idys;Hlrejd óg
tfrys lrkakd jQ igk iEu hg;aúð; iïNúl rgla ;=< u
ixialD;sh i|yd flfrk igfka ,laIKhls' fn!oaO
ixia:dms;h idys;Hd;aulj úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï m%jK;d
u;=ùu o ixialD;sl lafIa;%fha isÿjkakd jQ /äl,SlrKhlska
Wm; ,nkakls'

,xldjg ksoyi ,nd ÿkafka hehs lshdmdk md,l
mka;shla tu ksoyfia uQ,sldx.hka u úkdY lsÍug bÈßhg
tau cd;sl ksoyi i|yd igkg kdhl;ajh Èh yels
n,fõ.h l=ula o hk m%Yakh u;= lrhs' l,dfõ ksoyi
i|yd igka l< yels tl u n,fõ.h jkafka cd;Hka;r
mka;shla jk lïlre mka;shhs'

fuu flál;dfõ tk ,sx.sl Ôú;h ms<sn| wka;¾-
mqoa., iïnkaO;djka kxjkafka o m%cd;ka;%jdoh iïnkaO
m%Yakhs' mqoa., whs;Ska iy <ud wmpdr .ek m%cd;ka;%jd§
oekqj;alula fkd;snqKq w;S; iudcj, fuka fkdj
j;aufkys § nd,jhialrejka foujqmsh weiqßka fjka lsÍu
wmrdOhla f,i ms<s.efka' fuu ffk;sl ;;a;ajh NslaIq
ixia:dfõ meje;au m%Yak lrjhs'

iajdëk f,aLlhka u¾okhg fhdod .kakd jQ zwd.
ug wmydi lsÍuZ kue;s ixl,amh ol=Kq wdishdfõ rgj,

22

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

wd.ï úfõpkh u¾okh lsÍug fmdÿfõ fhdod .kakd
wdhqOhls' fuys tla ffk;sl mokula jkafka ì%;dkH
wêrdcHjd§ka úiska ;yjqre lrkq ,enQ wd.ug wmydi lsÍu
fyj;a ^blasphemy) kue;s kS;shhs' wêrdcHjd§ md,khg
úreoaOj bÈßm;a flfrk foaYmd,k m%ldY u¾okh lsÍfï
rdcfødayd,dmh (sedition) kue;s kS;sh o fï yd ne÷Kq tlls'
1948g fmr fï kS;sh ,xldfõ j,x.=j ;snqKq w;r" tu
kS;sh ;du;a ,xldfõ kS;s moaO;sh ;=< mj;S' whsiSiSmSwd¾
mk; iy wfkl=;a kS;s fuu foaj wmydi kS;s wkshï
ud¾.fhka kej; n,d;aul lsÍula f,i ie,lsh yels h'

wd.ulg wmydi lsÍfï kS;sh w;suQ,sl jYfhka
idjoHh h' th hqla;s iy.; iy wjYH jk úfõpkj,ska
wd.ñl ixia:dms;hka wdrlaId lrhs' fuu kS;sj, wruqKq
jkafka wd.ïj,g tfrys j oafõYh iy m%pKav;ajh
weúiaiSu hqla;s iy.; f,i je<elaùu fkdj wdêm;HOdÍ
wd.u ^,xldfõ kï nqoaOd.u& m%Yak lsÍu iy úfõpkh
lsÍu j<lajñka ksoyia m%ldYkhg ndOd lsÍu h' iudch
;=< wd.ï weoySfï fuka u wd.ï úfõpkh lsÍfï
m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska iy mßirhka o tl fia mej;sh hq;=
h'

wd.ï weoySfï whs;sh ienE m%cd;ka;% whs;shla jkafka
tu whs;sh yqÿ mqoa., whs;shla f,i;a wd.u iy rdcHh
uq¿ukska u fjka lsÍu kS;sfhka ;yjqre lsÍu;a u; h'
wd.ï woykakkag ;ukag tfrys j flfrk úfõpkhkag
ms<s;=re §fï iy ;uka tfrys jk woyia úfõpkh lsÍfï
whs;sh ysñ fjhs' th wd.ï weoySfï" m%pdrh lsÍfï iy
iafõÉPd wdh;k msysgqùfï whs;Skaj,g iïnkaO jQjls'

wd.ï úfõpkhg ,la lsÍu uQ,sl whs;shla jkafka
th udkqIsl uQ,sl whs;Ska ÈhqKq lsÍu iu. ne£ we;s neúks'
fï i|yd iudch ;=<ska ;=rka l< hq;= jQ W,a,x>khkaf.ka

23

Yla;sl i;al=udr

iuyrla kï l=vd orejka újdy lrùu' jy,a fiajh" ,sx.
fþokh" .,a.id ueÍu iy jO §ï" l=vd orejka mQclhska
njg m;a lsÍu" wka;¾ wd.ñl újdy ;ykï lsÍu" wd.ñl
fyda fjk;a úYajdihka u; mokï jQ iq¿ lKavdhï ;ykï
lsÍu' ,sx.sl iq¿;r lKavdhï u¾okh lsÍu wdÈhhs'

mer‚ hq.j, kIagdjfYaIhka jk fujeks wudkqISh
ms<sfj;aj,g tfrys j uyck jHdmdr j¾Okh fjñka
mj;shs' wd.ñl ixia:djka iïnkaO j úfõpkd;aul
idys;H-l,d ks¾udK iy h:d¾:jd§ ksrEmKhka j¾Okh
ùu ft;sydisl ;;a;ajhla jk w;r" tajd m%ldYhg m;a
ùu hï iudchla ;=< idys;H-l,d j¾Okfha m%ldYkhka
fjhs' u¾okhg m%;sls%hdjla f,i tajd mqmqrd j¾Okh jk
nj idys;H-l,d b;sydih ;=<ska ieu úgl u ikd: flÍ
;sfí'

wd.ï" iudc úfõpkfhka bj;a lsÍu Ñka;kfha
m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska wysñ lsÍuls' rdcH wkq.%yh ,;a
wd.ïj, úldYh iy meje;au iu. m%pKav;ajh ieu
úgu ne£ we;a;ls' wd.ï úfõpkh" m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska
ms<sn| oekqj;alu iudch j¾Okh ùu iu. ieu úg u ne£
we;a;ls'

NslaIq ixia:dms;h ck;dj fNao lsÍu i|yd wd.ñl
j¾.jdohka weúiaiSug fhdojkakdjQ jrm%idÈ; ld¾hxYhla
jk fyhska tys we;a; .;slhka fy<sorõ ùu md,lhskag
bjish fkdyelalls' wd.ñl fÄojdplhka .ek jvd m<,a
jQ ks¾udKhkag w; jekSfï ,laIKhla zw¾OZ flál;dj
;=< mj;shs'

úpdrlhskag wkqj fuu l;d j¾.h ;=< mj;sk
úfYaI ,laIKhla jkafka" jvd úYd, jQ l;dj,g b`.s
lsÍug tajdg we;s yelshdjhs' u¾okh lr we;s f;audjka
iy iudcfha háka isÿjk kj fjkialï u;=msgg f.fkk

24

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

f;audjka u; ,shejqKq úg § tjeks l;djla oykYS,S njla
w;am;a lr .kshs' zw¾OZ flál;djg o isÿ jQfha fuhhs'

flál;dfõ kj m%jK;d iïnkaOfhka u;=jk
uQ,sl úpdr ld¾hhla jkafka tajd l=uk iudc m%mxphla
ksfhdackh lrkafka o hkak úpdrh ;=<ska meyeÈ,s lsÍuhs'
j;auka foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh ;=< m%ydrhg ,lajk ks¾udK
lshùu hkq ri ú£u" úpdrh fuka u u¾okhg tfrys j
igka lsÍu o noaO lrkakd jQ ixialD;sl Ndú;hls'

Yla;sl i;al=udr ksoyia lsÍfï wr.,hg iyNd.s
jQfha ;ud idudðl;ajh ork iudcjd§ iudk;d mlaIh
m%ldYk ksoyi wdrlaId lsÍug f.k hk Woaf>daIKh ;=<sks'
th mokï jQfha m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska /l .ekSfï wr.,h
Okjdohg tfrys j iudcjdoh i|yd lrk igk iu.
ne£ we; hk ia:djrh u;hs' tu bÈß o¾Ykh u; wr.,h
bÈßhg f.k hEu i|yd 2019 wf.daia;=fõ § zl,dfõ iy
m%ldYkfha ksoyi wdrlaId lsÍfï ls%hdldÍ lñgqjZ msysgqùu
wr.,fha ikaêia:dkhla iksgqyka lf<a h'

m%ldYkfha iy l,dfõ ksoyi we;=¿ m%cd;ka;%jd§
whs;Ska Èkd .ekSfï tl u h:d¾:j;a ls%hdud¾.h jkafka
iajdëk ls%hdldÍ lñgq cd;Hka;r iudcjd§ jHdmdrhls'

wdkkao jlal=Uqr

25

Yla;sl i;al=udr

26

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

01

w¾O

yd,aje,af,a liaim ysñhka lidka m,syjvk jQfha
.sys Ôú;h ms<sn| we,aulska u fkdfõ' kuqÿ
Tyqg meúÈ Ôú;h ms<sn| j o we,aula fkdù h' WmeúÈ
ùfuka miq lidka ;jÿrg;a úYajúoHd,fha NslaIq
fkajdisld.drfha isàug leue;a;la fkdoelaù h'
iriúhg meúoafola f,i meñK WmeúÈ jQ fndfyda
msßila tA jk úg;a NslaIq fkajdisld.drfha ,e.=ï f.k
isáhy' Oïñiair ysñhka lidka fj; meñfKk úg
Tyq isáfha mrK igyka j.hla n,ñks'

—ñÿKd ñÿKd lid kï ñÿKd''' WU fydiag,a
tfla È.gu bkakj fka''' oeka b;ska pußhg nvq
f.akak hkak ? fjklï bkak ´fka kEfka'˜

Oïñiair ysñfhda lidkaf.a ldurhg we;=¿ ù
wi, ;snQ mqgqjlg nr jQy' wef|ys ie;mS znqÿkaf.a
ria;shdÿjZ lD;sh lshjñka isá fïOdkkao ysñfhda
Oïñiair ysñf.a yçka fmd; ol=K;g f.k ke.S
isáhy'

—wfma ioyï fiakdfjka fï fmd;g úreoaOj
kvqjla odkak bkafka' fïl iïmQ¾K uQ,O¾ujd§kaf.a

27

Yla;sl i;al=udr

jev ms<sfj<la'˜ nqÿkaf.a ria;shdÿj fmd; fmkajñka
fïOdkkao ysñfhda lSy'

—lid fndaäulg hkjd lshkafka' uQg isjqr
ú;rla fkfï wmsj;a tmd fj,d o fldfyo@˜ ldurhg
tfjf,a meñ‚ iqfïO ysñf.a yçka lidka lrñka isá
ld¾hh u|lg k;r lf<ah'

—tfyu fohla kE' ux fndaäulg .sh;a ks;r Tn
jykafia,d n,,d hkak tkjd'˜ lidkaf.a yf~ys jQfha
ye~qïnr iajNdjhls'

—yß yß WU iSßhia .kak tmd''' fldfya .sh;a
lula kE Wmdêfha jev ál yßhg lr .kska'''˜

01

ux l;dj tA úêhg mgka .;af;a tl mdrgu ug
ySr¿fjla lsh,d lshkak neß yskaod' tA;a uu
oeka ySr¿fjla lsh,d yefudau okakjd' ux uyK
jqfKa fudlg o lsh,d uu okafk kE' isjqre weßfha
fudlg o lsh, ux okafk;a kE' f,dl= yduqÿrefjda
wmj;a jqKdg miafia isjqfr bkak ug ;j;a fya;=
;snqfKa kE'

f,dhsâ whshdf.a fndaäug hkak uu ;SrfKa
lf¾ f.dvla ÿr È. ys;, fkfjhs' tA;a ug ysgmq
mßirfhka ñfokak jqjukdjla ;snqKd' f,dhsâ whshd
ug yïfnkafka wfma y;=frla úÈhg' thd ±ka uf.a
ñ;=frla jqKdg ioyï fiakdjg kï ;du Tyq y;=frla'
f,dhsâ whshd jev lf<a tka'Ô'´' tll' ioyï fiakdj;a

28

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

tlal ojila wms f,dhsâ whsh,df.a ld¾hd,hg nf,ka
lvd jeÿKd'

—;uqfi,d msgrg i,a,s wrka ysgmq fldá
kdhlhskaf.a mjq,aj, Woúhg f.j,a yokjd lshkafka
we;a; o@˜

{dkidr yduqÿrejkaf.a y~g ld¾hd,fha ysgmq
Tlafldu ;laî¾ fj,d .shd' leurd wfudard.;a
udOHldrfhda Tlafldu ysáfh wfma me;af;a'

—wjir yduqÿrejfka''' wms f.j,a yo,d fokafka
hqoafoka ksjdi wysñ jqKq mjq,aj,g'˜ ld¾hd,fha jev
lrmq ;reKfhla wms biairyg wdjd'

—;uqfi ljqo@˜

—uu f,dhsâ''' fï jHdmD;sfha''˜

—lidka nr l,amkdjl jf.a''' uu tkak mrlal=
jqKdo@˜ f,dhsâ whshd uf.a bÈßmsáka fudag¾ ihsl,h
keje;a;=jd' uu nE.a tl;a wrf.k nhsislf,a msámiaig
ke.a.d'

—lidka isjqrg jvd fvksug ,iaikhs'''˜ f,dhsâ
whshd nhsislf,a fõje,a¥j me;a;g yrjk .uka lsõjd'
uu ySkshg yskd WKd' tA fjoaÈ;a ux ysáfha fof,djla
w;r'

—lidka fudkjo ?g lkafka' ux kï b`È wdmam
*q,a fld;a;=jla lkjd'˜ Y%Ska .dÜka fydfg,a tl <`.
nhsla tl k;r lrk .uka f,dhsâ whshd weyqjd'

—ug yd*a tlla we;s'˜ uu ysñysg lSjd'

29

Yla;sl i;al=udr

02

isjqf¾ boaÈ ux ys;ka ysáfha fï iudch f.dvla
msßys,d lsh,d' tA;a tAl tfyu kE lsh,d oeka
ug ysf;kjd' iudcfh yefudau ySr¿fjla lsh, udj
fldka lrhs lsh, nhla ;snqKd' tA;a tfyu jqfKa
kE' iudcfha yefudau udj ms<s.;a;d' iriúh jf.au
kjd;ek;a fjkog jvd ug m%shukdm jqKd'

—lidka ux fmdä l;djla ,shkak .;a;d' fyd|o
lsh, n,kak'''˜ f,dhsâ whshd w;ska ,shQ ydmaiSÜ fld<
lsysmhla uf.a fïih u;g w;yeßhd' ud;Dldjla ke;s
tA l;dj uu ysñka ief¾ lshjkak .;a;d'

hfYdaOrd isáfha blsì¢ñka h' pkakf.a
l%shdjg úreoaO ùug yelshdjla ;snqK;a
th bjid isáfha háys; Bg leue;a;la
;snQ ksid hehs hfYdaOrd is;=jd h' isoaOd¾:
.sysf.h yer .sfha rdyq, Tyqf.a orefjla
fkdjk nj oekf.k o@ isoaOd¾:f.ka ;ud
;Dma;su;a fkdjQ nj Tyq oek isáfha o@
.eyekshla ;Dma;su;a lsÍfï yelshdjla
isoaOd¾:g fkd;snQ nj ienEjla fkdfõ o@
Tyqf.a mqreI ,sx.h mjd msysáfha YÍr
wNHka;rhg ls|d nei fkdfõ o@
hfYdaOrdf.a is; keÕ+ mekj,g wE ms<s;=re
fidhkjd fjkqjg È.= iqiqula fy,d <h
ieye,a¨ lr .ekSfï fnd,a W;aidyhla
kshe¿Kd h'''

—wïfudaæ whsfha fï ,shú,a, kï .sks ;sh,d
odkak'''˜

30

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

fþohla lshjQ uu f,dhsâ whshdg lreKq myod
§ug is;d ke.S isáfhñ'

—wehs ks¾udKhla úÈyg iudch Ndr.kake;s
fjhs o@ ke;akï wmdfha hhs o@˜ is./Ügqjla o,ajd.;a
f,dhsâ whshdf. uqjf.ys jQfha iroï iskdjls' ÿï
/,a,la ksoyfia fndaäx ldurh ;=< mshdi,kakg úh'

—fïl isxy, fn!oaO rgla'''˜ ug lshjqfKa
bfíu h'

—WU isjqr ú;rhs uf.a ysf;a .f,da, ;sfhkafka'''˜

03

fofofkla úiska weof.k hkq ,enQ udj l¿jr
ldurhlg ;,a¨ lrd' úisla fj,d .shmq udj
ìu jegqKd' tA tlal u lduf¾ fodr jeyqKd' wv w÷f¾
uu ldurh mqrd ne,aula fy¨jd' ldurfha uq,a,l
f,dl= yduqÿrefjda ie;ms,d bkakjd uu oelafla tA
fudfydf;a' Wkajykafia ysáfha f,dl= wmyiq;djlska
jf.a' uu ysñka ief¾ Wkajykafia <Õg lsÜgq l<d'
ie;ms,d ysáhdg Wkajykafiag kskao .syska ;snqfKa kE'
weiaj, ;snqfKa l÷¿' udj oelal f,dl= yduqÿrefjda tl
ief¾u ysg.;a;d' Wkajykafiaf.a ll=,a fol ueoafoka
f,a .x.djla .,df.k hkjd oel,d ux fyd|gu nh
jqKd'

—fï fudlo wfma yduqÿrejfkaæ˜ ux yhsfhka
lE .eyqjd' tA;a y~ msgjqfKa kE' ysg.;a; f,dl=
yduqÿrefjda ux me;a;g yeß,d isjqr biaiqjd' fohshfka

31

Yla;sl i;al=udr

Wkajykafiaf.a mqreI ,sxf.a lm,d' t;ekska f,a
úÈkjd'

—ljqo fï wmrdfoa lf¾'''˜
—tAhs tAhs lidka fudlo nx fï ? cdfï
lE.ykafk'''˜ f,dhsâ whshf.a yçka ux weia weßhd'
ldurfha úÿ,s nqnq< oe,afjñka ;snqKd'
—ux fmdä ySkhla oelald'˜ uu uÿre oe, uE;a
lr, wef|ka b|.;a;d'
—WUg fyd|g u odäh od,d'˜ f,dhsâ whshd uf.a
Èydjg fïih Wv ;sín j;=r fnda;f,a úisla l<d'
fnda;,h oE;ska u w,a, .;a; uu tAl tl W.=rg
îf.k .shd' fndaäï lduf¾ fodr wermq f,dhsâ whshd
ux Èyd ne¨fõ yskd fjù'
—WU ;du bkafk wmdfh o@˜
thg lsisjla fkdlshmq uu w÷f¾ u j;=r lrduh
foig hkakg jqKd' uqyqK lg fidaod .;a miq ug
hï iykhla oefkkakg jqKd' uu weú;a kej; uÿre
oe, wiaig ßx.=jd' isyska yäka isxÿjla uquqkñka
f,dhsâ whshd ldurfha fodr jy,d ,hsÜ tl ksõjd'
ál fj,djlg miafia Tyqf.a ññkqï y~ uf.a lk
<Õ wefikakg .;a;d' tA Èkj, f,dl= yduqÿrejkaf.a
wefÕka wdmq odäh ñY% iqj| f,dhsâ whshf.a <Õskq;a
ug oefkkak .;a;d' uu fiñka oEia mshd.;a;d'

32

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

02

;d;a;d

gdx''' gdx''' gl''' gldka''' Wfoa yhg jÈk ysrf.
or iSkqjg wjÈfjkak oeka is;a;rdg mqreÿhs'
ysrf.or wdmq uq,a u ojiaj, is;a;rd wjÈ jqfKa iSkqfj
y~ weys,d fkfõ' ldf.a yß md myrlska' wo;a is;a;rd
weyefroaÈ yeuodu olsk ySfkka fldgila Tyq olsñka
ysáhd' ÈUq,a jkhla we;=f<a Tyqhs ;d;a;hs w;rux
fj,d' fjkod olsk úÈhg u to;a ;d;a;df.a uQK Tyqg
meyeÈ,s j fmkqfKa kE' is;a;rdg nv.skakla weú,a,d
Tyq ÈUq,a .yla fyf,õjd' .fya Tlafldu f.ä ìug
jegqKd' zWU lf<a wmrdOhlaZ ;d;a;d yhsfhka lE
.eyqjd' is;a;rd ;d;a;f.a lE .eys,a, .Kka .kake;sj
ÈUq,a lkak mgka .;a;d' Tyq ÈUq,a ld,d n,oaÈ ;d;a;d
fmakak kE'

ysrf.or ld,igyk oeka is;a;rdg fyd|g
yqrehs' mdúÉÑ fjk jpk;a oeka is;a;rdg mdvï'
fÊ,¾jrfhla weú;a hlv fodf¾ bínd weßhd'
fnf,la msÕdkhs ma,diaála fldamamhhs .;a; is;a;rd;a
Wfoa lEu fmda,sug tla jqKd' n;a fldamamhla iy
iïfnda, yekaola msÕdkg jegqKg miafia ma,diaála

33

Yla;sl i;al=udr

fldamafmg f;a lyg ,enqKd' wdh yefudau fmda,sfï
jdÜgqjg' ldur mdá yeuodu Wfoa lrk l;dj lrkak
tA fudfydf;;a mgka .;a;d'

—Tlafldu jdäfjkak' Bfh wdmq lÜáh
úfYaIfhka wy.kak' Bfh wdmq lÜáh oeka lEu ld,d
m,af,yd frðiag¾ lrk ;ekg hkak ´kE' t;kska
WU,dj jdÜgqj,g odhs' yefudagu wxlhl=;a ,efnhs'
tA wxlfhka ;ud Bg miafia fufy yeu jefâ u
fjkafka' tfy fufy hkake;sj odk jdÜgqjg hkak
´kE' jdÜgqj,g odkak l,ska WU,g iuyrúg tia'mS'
uy;a;hd ^nkaOkd.dr wêldÍ& l;d lrkak Wvg .kS'
Wvg hoa§ iqÿ irula we|f.k m,h,a,d' tia'mS' uy;a;hd
weyqfjd;a yefudagu ksod.kak ,enqKd lshmshõ' ,eÜ
tfla ysgf.k ysáh nj lsõfjd;a tlaflfklaj;a
m,af,ydg tkak tmd'''˜ ldur mdág lshkak ,enqfKa
tmuKhs' jdÜgqfõ mrK ielldrfhd;a w¨;a whg
;¾ckh lrkak .;a;d'

—f;dms tfll yß lsõfjd;a ysÜfgda, ;sín yß"
zieuka .eyqjZ yß lsh,d f;dmsj ndjkjd'''˜

—wms;a hflda udihla ysgka ysáhd'''˜

—yß yß oeka lEu ld,d'' m,af,ydg hkak'
is;a;rd fï whj frðiag¾ lduf¾ <Õg tlal hk
jefâ Thd lrkak'˜ ldur mdá is;a;rd foi ne¨jd'
is;a;rd tA ksfhda.h ms<s.;a;d'

n;a tl jy,d me;a;lska ;sín is;a;rd f;a lyg
tl wuqjg u ìõjd' fjkod jf.a u Bg miafi Tyq
.syska ,eÜ fmda,sfï ysg .;a;d' ,eÜ lSjg tA tllj;a

34

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

fodrj,a ;sífí kE' fodrj,a tAjg ;sín njg idlaIs
b;=refj,d ;sífn;a kE' ,eÜ fmda,sug jvd È.g j;=r
gexlsh .dj fmda,su ;sínd' wyi Wig ke.=Kq l¿
.eyqKq ì;a;sj,g Wäka ysre t<sh ysrf.or we;=<g
tñka ;snqKd'

—tAhs'''' f;dg fná hkafk ke;akka t<shg jr'''
mkaiShlg hkak ;sfhkafk ,eÜ yhhs' f;da ´fla meh
.dKla ,e.ka b|,d yßhkj o@˜

—tA''' Th T;k biairyd bkafka Bfha wdmq tflla
fkao@ m,hka m,hka fmda,sfï miaig'''˜

—f;da weUfrkafka''' f;dg irfu hkak tkj o@˜
—whsfha B<Õg ux'''˜
—fï''' fï''' t<sfh hd¿lï i,a,s ;sfhklï'
we;=f<a hd¿lï''' wßklï'˜
—WU uQg weßh o@˜
—'''''''''''''''˜
,eÜ fmda,sfï yeuodu wefyk jdlH LKav
is;a;rdf.a lk <Õska .,df.k .shd' Tyq tAjd .ek
t;rï Wkkaÿjla oelajQfha kE' ;uka rd;%sfha oelal
ySfk .ek is;a;rd ys;=jd' uQK meyeÈ,s j fmakafka
ke;s ;d;a; bkak ySk olskak mgka wrka wjqreoaolg
jeä nj is;a;rd ys;ska u .Kka yo,d ne¨jd'

³³³

35

Yla;sl i;al=udr

;ukag zldur mdáZ mjrmq rdcldßh bgq lrmq
is;a;rd ysrf.or fndaêh <Õg .syska me;a;lska
jdä jqKd' tA fjoaÈ ielldrfhdhs" ysrldrfhdhs
fndaê jkaokd lrñka ysáfha' iuyre fndaêh
Èyd n,df.k w~kjd' ;j iuyre fmd;a È.
werf.k .d:d lshkjd' yeuodu olsk ysrf.or
;dmamhhs hlv f.aÜgqj,skqhs oEia bj;g .;a is;a;rd
fudfyd;la wyi Èyd n,df.k isáhd' ks,a meye;s
wyfia ysre fudaÿ fjñka isáhd' is;a;rd oEia jid .;a;d'

nkaOkd.drhg wdmq uq,a u ojia lSmh is;a;rdg
fudlj;a u ys;d .kak nerej f.ú,d .sfha' we;=f<a
;snqKq .¾Ns;hkaf.a f,dalh fuka u tys jpk"
ixialD;sh ysñka ysñka f;areï .kak is;a;rd iu;a jqKd'
nkaOkd.drfha hlv f.aÜgqfjka we;=<g wdjg miafia
wdmq mqoa.,hj ielldrfhla o ysrldrfhla o lsh,d
úfYaI fjkila ;snqfKa kE' we;=<g wdmq ldrfK;a
wod< jqfKa kE' iel whg ldur y;rla ;snqKd' tAjdg
lSfõ zjdÜgqZ lsh,d' isrlrejka i|yd zjdÜgqZ folla
;snqKd' Bg wu;r j úfYaI iel fyda isrlrejka
fyda odkak l=vd ldur ;snqKd' tAjdg lSfõ zfI,aZ
lsh,d' ielldrfhda fyda ysrldrfhda bkak ldurj,
m%Odksfhla ysáhd' tA fndfyda úg wod< ldurfha mrK
u flkd' Tyqg lSfõ zldur mdáZ lsh,d' zmdáZ lshk
jpkh foaYmd,k w¾:fhka is;a;rd oekf.k ysáfha
hï foaYmd,k u;hla ork lKavdhula lsh,d' fmdÿ
iudcfha zmdáZ lshkafka idohla nj is;a;rd okakjd'
kuq;a ysrf.a we;=f<a zmdáhZ lshkafka hï ld¾hhla
bgqlrk mqoa.,hd fyda lKavdhug nj is;a;rd f;areï

36

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

.;a;d' zor mdáZ" zl=iais mdáZ" zúisÜ mdáZ wd§ jYfhka
ysr f.or tA tA jev wkqj mqoa.,hka iy lKavdhï
fjka lr,d ;sínd' wä mkyhs mkyla jk ldurhl
ielldrfhda iShla ú;r bkak nj oek .;a uq,a u
ojfia is;a;rdf.a yqiau ysrfjkak .;a;d' lduf¾ u
uq,a,l fldg ì;a;sj,ska fjka jqKq jeisls<shla ;sínd'
tAlg lshkafka zgexlshZ lsh,d' tAl ndr j ysáfha zgexls
mdá'Z is;a;rd nkaOkd.dfrg wdmq ojiaj, uq;%dnr
yeÿK;a gexlshg .syska fldf;la fj,d ysáh;a Tyqg
uq;%d .sfha kE' miafia ysñka ysñka tAl yß .shd' we;=f<a
gexlsh mdúÉÑ lrkak mq¿jka jdÜgqfõ fodr jy,
;sfhk fj,djg muKhs' tA i|yd;a ldur mdáf.a iy
gexls mdáf.a wjirh ´kE jqKd' fÊ,¾g fkdfmkS
lrk jev lghq;= isoaO jqfKa fï lshk gexlsh we;=f<a'
.xcd iqreÜgqfõ b|,d fyfrdhska olajd u;aøjH ´kE
;rï ysrf.a we;=f<a ;snqKd' tAjd ielldrhkaf.a yß
ysrldrhkaf.a yß fmky¿j,g hkak wdrlaIdj ÿkafka
gexlsfha fldg ì;a;s'

jdÜgqj we;=f<a ì;a;s È.g ysáfha mrK
ielldrfhda' tAflkq;a jeisls<sh ;snqKq ÈYdjg úreoaO
ÈYdfõ isáfha ldur mdá we;=¿ mrK u lÜáh' tAlg
lSfõ zWv fndavf¾Z lsh,d' ueo ;Sre foflka tl
;Srejl ?g w¨;a ielldrhkaj ksÈ lrjkafka' wä
myf<djla muK È. ;Srejl iellrefjda mkyla'
tlaflfkl=f.a T¿j ;sfhk me;a;g wfkla flkdf.a
ll=,' tAfl bkak fjkafk tl we,hlg' tAlg lSfõ
zieuka .ykjdZ lsh,d' is;a;rdg;a m<fjks ojfi
bkak jqfKa ieuka tfla' t<sfjklï weyeß,d' Bg

37

Yla;sl i;al=udr

m,af,yd;a tlsfkld .Efjk mßÈ ksÈ lrjk ;Srej'
tAlg lSfõ zf,ukaZ lsh,d' f,uka tlg hkak;a iEfyk
ld,hla we;=f< bkak ´k nj is;a;rd f;areï .;a;d'
tfyu ksÈ lrj,;a bv uÈ jqfKd;a b;=re ielldrfhd
ál t<sfjklï jeisls,sfha ysgf.k' yeuodu tfyu
úiaila ;syla jeisls<sfha' Wfoag tA msßif.a ll=,a
fmd,af.ä jf.a' wmdh úys¿jlg wrka ;sín is;a;rd
ieneúka u wmdh iy wmdÿl ;sfnk nj oek .;af;a
fïjd oel,d'

wuq;a;ka n,k Yd,djg lSfõ zúisÜ ldurhZ
lsh,d' n,kjd lSjg úYd, oe,lska tAl wdjrKh
lr,d ;sífí' wuq;a;ka wdj whf.a kï lsh,d lE .yk
isrlrejg lSfõ zúisÜ mdáZ lsh,d' t<sfha boaÈ b|ysg
is./Ügqjla îmq is;a;rdg ysrf.or we;=f<a § f,dal,a
fndk tfla fmdä fjkil=;a ;sínd' ÿïfld< lene,a,la
l=vd m;a;r msgqjl T;,d yod .kakd f,dal,hg f,dl=
b,a¨ula ysrf.or we;=f<a ;sínd' ÿïfld< ke;akï
f,dal,a we;=<g wdfõ ielldrhkaf.a wfOdauqLj,g
msx isoaO fjkak' ielldrhkaj i;s foflka folg
wêlrKhg bÈßm;a lrkak f.kshk fj,dj,aj,g
fÊ,¾,dg fydfrka f,dal,a jf.a u ,hsg¾" f*daka
ielldrhkaf.a wfOdauqLj,g ßx.k nj is;a;rd oek
.;a;d' tA úÈhg u;aøjH iy úúO NdKav f.akjg
lSfõ znxl¾ .yf.k tkjdZ lsh,d' nxl¾ ndkafka
gexls we;=f<a' we;=f<a f*daka mdúÉÑ lrkafka fudare'
tA lshkafka t<sfha fldaám;sfhda jf.a b|, we;=<g
wdmq wh' cx.u ÿrl:kh ke;skï f*daka tl we;=f<È

38

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

ye¢kafjkafka zlKZ kñka' lKla mdúÉÑ lrkjd
lshkafka ysrf.a we;=f<a fmdrla'

f.ú,d .sh i;sh ySkhla o lsh,d is;a;rdg
ys;=Kd' iriúfha m%:u j¾Ifha wjika úNd.hg fmkS
b|,d is;a;rd f.or wdfj Bg i;s follg l,ska' w¨;a
ckdêm;sjrhd m;aùu;a tlal rg mqrd yud .sh ;dmam
is;=jï /,a, tA fjoaÈ is;a;rdf.a k.rhg;a weú;a
;sínd' ;=jlal=" isjqre" isxyfhd" rdjKd rÊcqrefjda rfÜ
yeu ;dmamhlska u u;= fjoa§ is;a;rdg;a k.f¾ ueo
udjf;a ;sfhk ;dmamhlska isxy fldäh Wiai .;a;
rKúrefjlaj u;= lrkak lshk fcdí tl fiÜ lf¾
nd¾ tfla uqo,d,s' ;Ska;hs wjYH WmlrKhs .kak uqo,a
ñg fuf,õfõ f¾ia nqlsh whs;s ieïika uy;a;hd'
is;a;rdf.a Woõjg ;%Sù,a md¾la tfla whsh,d fiÜ tl
neiaid' md¾la tfla whsh,d .ymq m,xÑh Wv b|f.k
is;a;rd jefâ mgka .;a;d'

—tAhs is;a;rd WU T;k Ndjkd lrkj o@ wdka
WUf.a kug úisÜ tlla'''˜ or mdáfha tfll=f.a yçka
is;a;rd weia weßhd' or mdáfha fiÜ tl ;ukaf.a
rdcldß wjika lr,d ;dmafma uq,a,g fj,d f,dal,a
wÈkjd' is;a;rd úisÜ mdáj fydhdf.k hkak msg;a
jqKd'

—wms blaukg WU j t<shg .kakjd ifydaorhd'
WUj od,d ;sfhkafka ICCPR lsh,d w¨;a mk;lska' tAl
fï isoaêhg wod< ke;s tlla' wms tA .ek;a cd;Hka;rhg
,shñka bkafka' fï fjkfldg;a cd;Hka;r laIud
ixúOdkh WUj zyDo idlaIsfha isrlrefjlaZ úÈhg kï

39

Yla;sl i;al=udr

lr,d ;sfhkafka' ,xldfõ tfyu kï lrmq fofjkshd
fjkafka WU' yhs fldaÜ tfla wms wem b,a,,d
;sfhkafka'''˜ l=vd oe,aj,g tyd me;af;a ysgmq iriú
YsIH ix.ufha iNdm;s ifydaorhd È.g u l;d l<d'
Tyq iu. ;j;a ifydaorjre lsysmfofkla weú;a'

—wms ifydaorhf.a f.or;a .shd' wïug;a wms
;;afõ meyeÈ,s lr,d ÿkakd''' nh'''˜

—fj,dj bjrhs'''˜ fgdax''' fgdax''' fÊ,¾ fldaÿjlska
fïihg ;Ügq l<d' is;a;rd iriú ñ;=rkaf.ka iuq
.;a;d' úisÜ nE.a tl foda;ska u .;a; Tyq jdÜgqjg
.uka lrkak jqKd'

—upx''' lkak n,af,laj;a keoao@˜

—upx îu keoao'''@˜

ielldrfhda lsysm fofklau ;uka miafi
jegqK;a is;a;rd .uk nd, lf<a kE' tA Tyqg jdÜgqfõ
mrK wfhla §,d ;sín Wmfoila'' ysrf.a we;=f<a
zn¨ ìialÜZ lshkafka l%Sïl%el¾j,g nj is;a;rd tA
fjoaÈ okakjd' idudkHfhka n¨ ìialÜ ysrf.a we;=f<a
nyq,hs'

—uf,a úisÜ ysÕd lk jqka fïfla jeys jeye,d'
úisÜ tlla ,enqKq .uka fl<ska u jdÜgqjg m,hx'
ke;a;ka b;ska'''˜

—wd''' is;a;rd u,a,sg f,dl= úisÜ tlla jf.a' ljqo
f.oßka o@˜

jdÜgqjg wdj ie‚ka zldur mdáZ is;a;rdf.a Èyd
n,,d kej; rEmjdyskS ;srh u; oEia w,jd .ksñka
lSjd' yeu jdÜgqjlg u rEmjdyskshla ;sîu oji .;

40

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

lrkak f,dl= msájy,la jqKd' oji .; lsÍu hk
jpkhg we;=f<È Ndú; jqfKa zwÈkjdZ lshk kuhs'

—kE whsfha'' leïmia tfla hd¿fjda j.hla wdjd'''˜

is;a;rd ;ukaf.a fndavf¾ ;uka bkak ;ekg
weú;a úisÜ nE.a tl ;sh,d b| .;a;d' jegqKq jegqKq
;ek fndfyda fofkla ksÈ' wks;a wh rEmjdysksh Èydjg
Tfrdaf.k' is;a;rd jdÜgqfõ È. m<, .ek kej;;a
ys;=jd' wä mkyhs" mkyhs' lduf¾ u whskg fjkak
fldg ì;a;sj,ska jgjqKq jeisls<sh' fufyu lduf¾l
ielldrfhda iShla' leïmia tfla uydpd¾hjre lSm
fofkla nkaOkd.dr wêldßhg l;d fkdflrejkï
;du ysgf.k'''

—fudkjo nka úisÜ nE.a tl Èyd n,df.k
l,amkd lrkafka'''˜

rEmjdysksh bÈßmsáka ke.sgmq ldur mdá Wv
fndavf¾ Tyqf.a ;ekg hñka weyqjd' is;a;rd yskd jqKd
ú;rhs' ldur mdá b|.kak .uka is;a;rdg ysiska ika
l<d' is;a;rd ysñka ief¾ tf;kag weÿKd'

—is;a;rd u,a,s ux .dj ysgmq l=vq k,skaoh wo
Widúfhka nyskjd' WUg mq¿jka fuf;kag tkak' tia'mS'
uy;auhd lSm ierhla u jika; fÊ,¾ uy;a;hf.ka
WU .ek wy,d ;sínd'˜ ì;a;shg fya;a;= jqKq ldur mdá
ll=,a fol È. werf.k th ;d,hlg fiñka jkñka
l;d lrkakg jqKd'

—fïlg f.dvla jqka weú;a bkafka l=vq úl=K,d'
ke;akï l=vq .y,d' .Ekq ¥IKh lr,d' .+ kvq f.dvhs'

41

Yla;sl i;al=udr

tA;a WU Ñ;%hla we|mq flaia tllg fka weú;a bkafka'
WU leïmialdrfhla' WU WUf.a ;ru ;shdf.k ysgmx'
ux oelald ,eiS,;a tlal WU Bfha f,dal,a Wrkjd'
hflda Th m;a;r msgqj, ÿïfld< lE,s T;,d îmqjyu
ldfia yefokjd' WU okakjfka fïfla udi ;=k
y;rla .syskq;a ?g ;du ysgf.k bkak Wka bkakjd'
ieuka tfla ,.sk Wkq;a bkakjd' wr l¿ nKavd udud
oeka wjqreÿ folla fjkjd' ;du;a ñksyd f,uka tfla
ksÈhkafka' WU tA w;ska ,lS'''˜ is;a;rdf.a msgg ;Ügqjla
oeïu ldur mdá ksy~ jqKd'

—tAhs f,dl= whsfha fïl widOdrKhs' uQ weú;a
i;shhs' W!g fldfydu o Wv fndavf¾ fokafka' fïfl
;j mrK ñksiaiq fldÉpr bkakj o@˜ is;a;rd rd;%sfha
ksod.ekSug ldur mdá wi, we;sß,a,la t,oa§ fla'Ô'
wixl ldur mdá foi n,df.k lE .eyqjd'

—hflda uqkaj .ykak ´k ,eÜ tfla' fujqka
cd;shg wd.ug úk lrk jqka' ´ld ysf¾ weú;a bkafka
cd;sl fldäfha isxyhdf.a wyj,a tl we|,¨' Bg l,ska
mkaif,a úydrf.a hfidaordf.a '''''' fmakak we|,d flaia
tlla .shd¨' uqkag fldfydu o fndav¾ fokafka'˜ l=vq
jika; jdÜgqj fol lrkak jqKd'

—fï tfllaj;a lE .ykak tmd' fïl tia'mS'
uy;a;hf.a ´v¾ tlla' wksl WU,d we;=<g weú;a
;sfhkafka mkai,a yo,d fkfõfka'˜ ldur mdáf.a
yçka ish¨ y~j,a hgm;a jqKd'

—wms t<sfhÈ l=vq úlalg cd;shhs wd.uhs úl=Kka
lkafka kE''' uqka tka'Ô'´' ldrfhda''' foaYfødaysfhda'''˜

42

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

—fï''' fï''' kj;a;mka Wfò Th fovú,a,' hflda
fïfla ldur mdá uu' ux fïlg weú,a, wjqreÿ úis
folla'''˜

—ldur mdáhg;a iqÿ ll=,a ;sfhk fmdä
fld,af,la wdfjd;a b;sx'''˜

—lula kE nx wjqreÿ úis follska .Eksfhl=f.a
wyj,a tl oel,d ;sfhk tllahE'''˜

—fudlo fudlo jdÜgqfõ ioafoa''' ksod .ks,a,d'''
flda ldur mdá''' fudlo fï'''˜ fldfydafoda isg Èjú;a
hlv fodrg fmd,af,ka ;ä nE fÊ,¾ lE.ikakg
jqKd'

—kE i¾'''˜ ldur mdá hlv fodr wi,g hkakg
mh tfiõjd'

zux .ek" uf.a kvq .ek ux okake;s tAjd uqx
okakjfkaZ is;a;rd ys;=jd'

tod rd;%sfha is;a;rd ;uka olsñka isá ySkfha
;j fldgila oelald' tod ;d;a;d weú;a ysáfha iqÿ
we|f.k' nvl=;a Wiaif.k wïu;a ;d;a;f.a wf;a
t,a,s,d' ;uka olsñka bkak ySfka ;uka ke;s nj
is;a;rd f;areï .;a;d' ;d;a;f.a uQK fjkod jf.a
u fmakake;s ;rug w÷re fj,d ;sífí' wïud ysáfha
blsì¢ñka' fldfyafoda b|,d wdmq fldáfhla ;d;a;dj
weof.k hkak jqKd' wïud ú,dm ;sínd' is;a;rdg
weyefroaÈ fyd|g u odäh od,d'

³³³

43

Yla;sl i;al=udr

ijia hduh jk úg ì;a;sh uqÿfka l=vd hlv
fmd¨ w;ßka .,df.k tk lene,s jqKq ysre lsrK
foi n,d f.k isá is;a;rd fmd;= lnr .e,jqK isrf.
or ì;a;shg fya;a;= jqKd' Tyqf.a ol=Kq mi ldur
mdá iqnidOlfhka f.kd mrK m;a;rhla n,ñka
isáhd' rEmjdysksh foi n,d.;a ielldrfhda w;f¾
isr jdÜgqfjka wdmq cïm¾ ye|mq isrldrfhda lSm
fofkla o isáhd' is;a;rdg uyd ldkaishla oekqKd'
Tyqg tAldldÍ nkaOkd.dr Ôú;h ;s;a; ù ;snqKd'
Wfoa yhg ke.sàu" lEu fmda,su" ,eÜ fmda,su" kdk
fmda,su" oyj,a fod<yg oj,a lEu fmda,su" iji ;=kg
rd;%S lEu fmda,su y;rg jdÜgqj jeyqjg miafia wdfh
Wfoa yh fjklï jdÜgqj we;=f<a lE-flda .eiSï" wv-
onr' is;a;rdg ;ukaf.a wïuj u;la jqKd' mshdf.a
u;l Pdhdjlaj;a u;lfha ke;s ;ukaj yodjvd .kak
wïud úkao ÿla-.eyeg is;a;rd u;la l<d' wïug wkqj
kï is;a;rd fkdoelmq is;a;rdjj;a fkdoelmq Tyqf.a
;d;a;d ;du fldfya yß Ôj;a fjkjd' udu,dg wkqj
kï ;d;a;d ueß,d' ;d;a;d is;a;rd <Õg wdfõ ySfkka
ú;rhs' tA;a tA ySkj, ljodj;a ;d;a;f.a uqyqK is;a;rd
oel,d ;snqfKa kE' tA;a tA ;d;a;hs lsh,d is;a;rdg
úYajdihs' mmqfjka ke. wd fõokdj oEia flfjks
f;;a lrñka msgdr .e¨jd' Tyq È.= iqiqula fy<d <h
ieye,a¨ lr.kak W;aidy l<d'

—fudlo nx iqiqï fy<kafka' Wfò yqiafuka
ysrf.or ;dmam fmrf<hs lsh,d ne¨j o@˜ n,ñka isá
mqj;am; yl=<d mfilska ;enq ldur mdá is;a;rdf.a
uqyqKg tnqKd'

44

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

—WUg ÿla fjkak fohla kE u,a,s' WU ysrf.org
weú;a ÿlla úkao lsh, o@ udi ;=k y;rla hklka
ksod.kake;=j ysgf.k bkak ñksiaiq fldÉpr
bkakj o@ WUg tfyu o@˜

—kE whsfh ug wïuj u;la jqKd'˜ is;a;rd
fiñka lSjd'

—wd''' tAl o@ WUg ;j ál ojilska nyskak mq¿jka
fjhs' ux oeka wjqreÿ úisfolla'''˜ ldur mdáf.a oEia
hlv fmd¨ w;ßka wkka;h fiõjd' iellrejl=g wem
,eîug we;=f<a mdúÉÑ jqfKa znyskjdZ lshk jpfka'

—whshd we;=<g toaÈ jhi lSh o@˜ is;a;rd ldur
mdáf.a uqyqKg tUqKd' Tyqf.a fndr meye;s oEia
È,sfiñka ;snqKd'

—ug fïlg toa§ jhi úismyhs' ñkSuereulg
we;=<g tkak jqfKa' t;fldg ne|,d udi folhs'
yeufoag u ug ysáfh whshd' ux we;=<g wdjg miafia
Wka whshj ur,d' ug wem fokakj;a flfkla ke;=j
.shd' .Eksj ux mkakf.k wdmq tlla' ux we;=<g wdjg
miafia tAf.d,a,kaf. wïu,d thdj tlalf.k .shd¨'
oex b;sx kvq *hs,a tl kS;sm;s tlg .syska tklka ux
we;=f<a' ljoyß kvqj bjr jqKq ojilg ;uhs t<shg
hkak fjkafka'''˜

ldur mdá lshmq l;dj we;=f<a ;sín meg,s,s
f,yd .kak m%Yak f.dvla wykak is;a;rdg jqjukd
jqK;a tA i|yd ffO¾hla Tyq i;=j ;snqfKa kE' kej;;a
l;d lf<a ldur mdáuhs'

45

Yla;sl i;al=udr

—ux neka| tlaflkd f.dvla ug wdofrhs'
ud;a tfyuhs' fï kvqfj megf<oaÈ thdf. nvg
udihlaj;a'''˜

—f,dflaIka jdÜgqfj ldur mdág Wvg l;d
lrkjd'˜ fÊ,¾jrfhla /f.k wd m‚úvh ksid ldur
mdá l;dj kj;d ke.S isáhd' is;a;rd ysgmq jdÜgqjg
f,dflaIka jdÜgqj lshk ku ,eì,d ;sífí w¨;ska
tk ielldrfhda uq,ska u tu jdÜgqjg we;=¿ lrk
yskaohs'

³³³

—WU;a weú;a udi folla hkak l,ska jdÜgqfõ
zwelaáka mdáZ jqKd tfykï' fyd|hs fyd|hs'˜

,eiSf.a jpk kdk gexlsh <Õ § is;a;rdf.a lk
<`.ska mdù .shd' Tyq Bg m%;spdr olajkak .sfha kE'
ldur mdá iu. ;uka mj;ajk iïnkaOh l=ula o@
Tyqf.ka f;dr j fï ysrf.a we;=f<a ;ukag Ôú;hla
;sfí o@ is;a;rd ;ukaf.ka u m%Yak lr .;a;d' ldur
mdáf.a msßue§ï Tyqf.a wdorh" WKqiqu" f<ka.;= nj
fï ish,a, is;a;drdj Ôj;a flfrõjd' ldur mdá
Tyqf.a wjqreÿ úisfoll ysrf.or w;aoelSï ks;r u
is;a;rd iuÕ fnod .;a;d' is;a;rd tAjdg weyqlï
ÿkafka wdYdfjka' jeis Èkj, ;ks fmdfrdfka hg
;=re¿ fj,d Tjqka ksod .;a;d' tA jf.a ojiaj,g ldur
mdáf.a b,a,Sïj,g is;a;rd wjk; jqKd' ldur mdáf.a
WKqiqfï is;a;rdg kqyqre wd.ka;=l njla fuka u"

46

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

wd.ka;=l fkdjQ m<mqreÿ njl=;a ;sínd' tA;a miqjodg
Tyqg oekqfKa ,eÊcdjla iy ms<sl=,la'

—u,a,s yhsfldaÜ tfla ;=kafjks tl .kafk
ljoao@˜ kd,d jdÜgqjg .sh yeáfh ldur mdá weyqjd'

—;j i;shlska .kakjd lSjd'˜ is;a;rd f;; ;=jdh
ì;a;s fofla hlv fmd¨ w;r ne| ;snQ je,g oeïud'

—tAflka kï Thdg wem ,efnhs' fyg udj;a
t<sfh mdáfh jevlg wrka hkjd lsh,d uy;ajre
lsõjd' uy;ajrekag oeka udj fyd|g u úYajdihs'˜

ldur mdá iji f.kd lyg fldamamh is;a;rdf.a
w;g ÿkakd'

mskai,a fmÜáhla wrka is;a;rd hñka ysáfha md¿
mdrl' mdf¾ wE; .yl ;sífí f,dl= isxy fldähla'
isxy fldäh ;sfhk .yg <x fjoa§ is;a;rdg weyqfKa
f.rú,a,la' is;a;rd laI‚l j u Wv ne¨jd' isxy
fldäfhka t<shg wdmq isxyhd lvqjla wrka is;a;rd
Èydg mekakd' is;a;rd fõf.ka ÿjkak mgka .;a;d'
Tyq w;ska mskai,a fmÜáh úisla jqKd' úúO yevfhka
iy m%udKfhka hq;= mskai,a mdr mqrd úisreKd'
is;a;rd miq fkdn,d Èõjd' isxyhdf.a f.rú,a, Tyqf.a
miqmiska u wdjd' ly mdg n¨ ?kla o;a ú,siaika
is;a;rdf.a bÈßhg ÿjf.k tñka isáhd' fldfyafoda
b|,d fmd,a,la wrf.k ly meye;s n¨ ?k bÈßhg
mekak ;d;a;d n,a,kag .ykak jqKd' n,af,da Tlafldu
;d;a;f.a weÕg mek,d ;d;a;d fmr<d .;a;d' lrlshd
.kak fohla ke;s ;ek is;a;rd lE .eyqjd'''

47

Yla;sl i;al=udr

—tA uf,a uf,a ke.sgmka ySkhla'''˜ ldur mdáf.a
yçka is;a;rd wjÈ jqKd' wv w`ÿf¾ u jdÜgqfõ wh
is;a;rdg yskd jqKd'

—f,dl= whshd uQg wo mq''' wer,d jf.a'''˜ lismamq
,d,af.a l;djg kej;;a jdÜgqfõ Wka yskd jqKd'
ldur mdá is;a;rd w;g j;=r fnda;,hla ÿkakd'
is;a;rd b|f.k ì;a;shg fya;a;= fj,d j;=r fnda;f,a
ysia l<d'

³³³

is;a;rd úisÜ tlg ke.af.a f.dvla ÿflka'
wïuf. uQK n,kak ;rx Yla;shla Tyqg ;sífn kE'

—fï ief¾ yefudau lshkafk mq;dg wem ,efnkjd
lsh,d' ;j ál ojifk'˜ wïud oe,a w;ßka is;a;rdf.a
uqyqKg tnqKd'

is;a;rd lsis;a fkdlshd oe,a w;ßka wïudf.a
uqyqK Èyd n,df.k ysáhd' wE fndfyda úhm;a j we;ehs
is;a;rdg is;=Kd' wef.a f., fuka u lka fm;s o
ysia j we;s nj is;a;rd ÿgqjd'

—úisÜ n,k lÜáh fmdâvla tydg fjkak'''˜
fÊ,¾jrfhla iellrejka lsysm fofkla iu. ysrf.a
uy f.aÜgqfjka we;=<g tñka lSjd'

—wd wïfu Th tkafka ldur mdá— is;a;rd lshQ
foa wïudg fkdf;areK;a weh ;ud msgqmiska hk mq;d
fmkajQ mqoa.,hd foi ne¨jd' u|la kej;=Kq ldur

48

w¾O - flál;d ix.%yh

mdá o wE foi;a oef,ka tyd mi isá is;a;rd foi;a
udrefjka udrejg oEia heõjd'

—fï uf.a wïud''˜ is;a;rd ldur mdág wefykak
lE .eyqjd' ldur mdá oE;g oeuQ udxpq iu. u is;a;rdf.a
ujg wdpdr l<d'

—úisÜ fj,dj bjrhs' oeka hkak'''˜ fgdax''' fgdax'''

úisÜ nE.a tl foda;ska f.k jdÜgqjg hkak
mh tfiõjd mu‚' miqmiska meñ‚ fÊ,¾jrfhla
is;a;rdj weu;=jd' fÊ,¾f.a uqyqfKa jQfha u| iskyjla'

—tia'mS' uy;a;hd l;d lrkjd' ´l hd¿fjl=g §,d
blaukg tkak'˜ tA fjoaÈ ysrf.a we;=f<a fÊ,¾jrekaf.a
hï ms<s.ekSula is;a;rdg ;snqKd' tAl Tyqg ,nd ÿkafka
hï iykhla'

is;a;rd jgmsg ne¨jd' jdÜgqfõ gexls mdáj ÿgq
is;a;rd Tyqg úisÜ nE.h § fÊ,¾ msgqmi jegqKd'
nkaOkd.dr wêldßjrhdf.a lduf¾ ysáfh uydpd¾h
chfialrhs Tyqf. ìß|hs' is;a;rd uq,ska u Tjqkag
jekaod' uydpd¾hjrhdf.a ìß| is;a;rdf.a T¿j ism
.;a;d'

—;j ál ojihs mq;d'˜ weh fiñka lsõjd'

is;a;rdf.a kvq lghq;= .ek;a Tyqf.a olaI;d
.ek;a uydpd¾hjrhd nkaOkd.dr wêldÍjrhdg
meyeÈ,s l<d' is;a;rd mfilska isgf.k nkaOkd.dr
wêldÍjrhdf.a mqgqj wi, jeà we;s ysi oejqKq .sksl+r
iy is./Ü *s,agrh foi n,df.k isáhd

49

Yla;sl i;al=udr

is;a;rd jdÜgqjg toaÈ t;ek f,dl= l,n,hla'
ljqfoda hlv fmd¨j," frÈj,ska T;mq lUhlska
fn,af, je, odf.k'

—ljqo@ ljqo@ t,a,s,d ;sfhkafk'˜
—ldur mdá'˜ ljqfoda flfkla lE .eyqjd'
is;a;rdf.a fomd tlajr u wm%d‚l jqKd'
tod ? is;a;rd oelmq ySfka § ;d;a;d weú;a
is;a;rdj nodf.k we~qjd' is;a;rd ;uka <Õ ;snqKq
cx.u ÿrl:kfha úÿ,s wdf,dalfhka ;d;a;f.a uQK
n,kak W;aidy lrd' ;d;a;d tAl je<elal=jd' is;a;rd
;ukaf.a W;aidyh w;a weßfha kE' ;ukaj je,|f.k
ysgmq ;d;a;j mfilg ;,a¨ lrmq is;a;rd ÿrl:kfha
úÿ,s wdf,dalh ;d;a;f.a uqyqKg t,a, l<d' ÿgq oiqkska
is;a;rd .,a .eiqKd' ldur mdá y~ñka oE;a tlafldg
is;a;rdf.a fomd mduq, weo jegqKd'
—tAhs''' tAhs''' fudlo WU ySfkka w~kafka'
ke.sgmka''' ke.sgmka''''˜
lismamq ,d,a ksod isá is;a;rdf.a fojqfrka
fyd,jkak jqKd'

50