Modul Bahasa Inggris XII

Let’s Learn
English in Use
for SMA/MA Grade XII

Penulis : M. Hanafi
Editor : Muh. Shofiyuddin
Lay Out : Lilik Nihlahuz Zulfa

Muhammad Imam Asy’ari
Sultan Mahbub Marsa Taqiuddin

Preface

Table of Contents

PREFACE.......................................................................................... III
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................IV
CHAPTER 1 WHAT I CAN DO FOR YOU................................ 1
CHAPTER 2 I HOPE THAT I GET JOB.................................. 11
CHAPTER 3 A PICTURE WORTH A THOUSAND WORLD
.............................................................................................................. 12
CHAPTER 4 WHAT’S THE NEWS TODAY? ......................... 30
CHAPTER 5 IF YOU WANT TO RELAX, JOIN US! ............ 42
CHAPTER 6 DO THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS ....... 51
CHAPTER 7 SINGING FOR BETTER LIFE........................... 62
GLOSSARY……………………………………………………..… 68
REFERENCES…………………………………...…………………69



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Let’s Learn
English in Use

For MA/ SMA Grade XII

Chapter 1

WHAT I CAN
DO FOR YOU….

What I Can Do For You?

1

Ater studying this chapter, you will be able to:
 Imitate a dialog with he correct pronunciation and accurate

intonation and stress
 Identify expressions for offering help and respond

appropriately (how to accept and refuse)
 Understand the social functions of offering help and other

possible expressions for different situations
 Compare expresions for offering help and asking for help
 Talk about custos for offering help

2

Share Your Experience

In pairs, observe these pictures. Fill in the bubbles withnthe suitable expressions
provided in the boxes.
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

a) Raise my hand, b) In this options, I suggest c) Let me help
brother! I‟ll pull you to compare one another of you to stand up.

d) These are for you, e) This is yours, sir. I just
Madam. A cup of tea and looked it fell when you

3

1. Listen to a dialog. Then, practice it with your friends in front of the
class.

Mechanic : Good morning, Nashville Auto Garage, can I help you?
Man : Yes, I hope so. I‟m having trouble with my engine.

It wouldn‟t start this mornibg. Can you come to my house and
repair it for me, please?
Mechanic : Umm….what can I say? Mm… my man are working on some
cars right now, sir. I think you‟ll have to wait or a few hours.
What if we come to your house tomorrow?
Man : But, I need the car tomorrow.
Mechanic : You could try other garages.
Man : I want to, but I don‟t have any contacts. Besides, I‟ve been
your loyal customer for a long time.
Mechanic : I have a friend who might help you. He‟s also a car mechanic
like me an I can guarantee that he‟ll repair your car as well as
we do. Let me call him fo you now.
Man : Oh, that‟s very kind of you to offer. Thanks.

2. Answer the following questions!
a. What is the dialog about?
b. Can the mechanic repair the man‟s car right away? Why?
c. What does the mechaic offer the man?
d. Does the man accept or refuse the offer? Why?
e. Underline all expressions which offer help, along with their responses.
f. Put the underlined expressions in the correct columns of the provided
table.

Offering Help Accepting Help Refusing Help

4

3. Classify the following expressions into their correct functions. One has

been done for you as an example.

No Expressions Offering Accepting Refusing

Help Help Help

1) Can I help you?
2) Oh, please don‟t bother.
3) It‟s very kind of you to offer.

4) What can I do for you?

5) We can do it for you if you like.

6) Oh, that would be marvelous.

7) Oh, would you? Thank you very much.

8) Is there anything can I do for you?

9) Do you want me to help you?

10) Let me help you.

11) Oh really? Thanks a lot.
12) That‟s very kind of you. Thanks a lot.

13) No, thanks. I can carry it myself.

14) Perhaps I could assist in some way.

15) Thanks. But I will be alright soon.

Do You Know?

To offer help is:
1.to give assistance or support to someone.
e.g.: Do you want me to help you with the math homework?
2. to make something more pleasant
e.g.: Let me get you an aspirin for your headache.
3. to be of use or benefit
e.g.: Perhaps I could assist you in some way.

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Remember!

Expressions to offer help are expressions which are used when you
want to help someone to do something.
When we want to offer help, we say:

Offering Help Offering Assistance In a shop

 Can I help you?  Perhaps I could  Are you looking
 Let me help you. assist you with for something?
 Need help? that.
 May I help you?  How can I help
 Would you like  May I offer you you?
assistance?
some help?  What can I do for
 Do you need  Could I assist you you?
in some way?
help?

Other useful expressions:

 I‟d be happy to type the letter for you.
 Can I type the letter for you?
 I can type the letter for you if you want.
 If you don‟t mind, I can typ the letter for you.
 If you like, I‟ll type the letter for you.
 Do you want me to type the letter for you?
 Let me know if you need help with anything.
 If you need any help, just let me know.
 Shall I type the letter for you?

Accepting an offer Declining an offer
o Yes, please.
o Yes, I really need it. Thank you. o Thanks, but I can do it
o How kind of you. Thanks a lot. myself.
o Yes, that would be great.
o Thanks. I‟m very much obliged. o It‟s okay. I‟ll handle it
o That would be so kind. myself.
o Oh really? Thanks a million.
o Thanks. That‟s just what I need. o No, it‟s okay. Thanks.

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4. In pairs, make a dialog based on the model below.
Situation: Mrs. Diana has a lot of housework. One of her daugther wants to help
her to ease her housework.

Example:

Syila : What can I do for helping you, mom?

Mrs. Diana: The floor is sticky. It needs moping.

Syila : I‟ll get a mop and mop it, mom.

Mrs. Diana: That‟s great. Thank you dear.

AB C

DE

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5. Label the parts of the cycle with suitable names.

a…….. f……… k…….. j
b…….. g…….. l………
c…….. h…….. m…….
d…….. i……… n……..
e……. j……… o……..

l

b o kd
fi
m
g

n e h c
a
Basket Fender Tire
Frame

Crossbar Chain Hub Front break

Seat Rear break Chain wheel Wheel

Handlebars Brake Rim

8

6. Read this poster carefully and answer the questions.
Dancing Competition

1. What does the announcement tell you about?
2. When the competition will be held?
3. Where does the registration place?
4. How much the payment that we paid?
5. When do we contact the Osis chairperson?

7. Complete these dialogs with expression options below to offer help with the

responses.

Dialog 1

Rania : You look so pale, Sahil.
Sahil : Yeah, I (1)……………………
Rania : Well. I‟ll(2)……………

Sahil : Thank you, Rania.
Rania : After this, I‟ll (3)………………..
Sahil : Don‟t bother your self, Rania.
Rania : (4)……….., Sahil. I‟ll (5)………….
Sahil : Ouh thank you very much, Rania. You‟re so kind.
Rania : That‟s what friend is for.

Don’t say that accompany you

take you a cup I feel headache
of tea
bring you to
the doctor

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Dialog 2

Shop Assistant : (1)…………………………………………………….?

Customer : Yes. I‟m looking for a teenage novel. Do you have some?

Shop Assistant : Yes, sir. We have many new novels here.

Customer : I need the Evening Rose by Jacklyn Rosemary. Do you

have a copy?

Shop Assistant : Here you are, Sir.

Customer : I‟d like to take this book, please.

Shop Assistant : Alright, Sir. And (2)…………………….... the price of it.

Customer : (3)……………………….. I want to give it to a friend.

Shop Assistant : (4)…………………………….?

Customer : Yes, that would be nice, thanks.

8. Create a dialog based on one of the following situations.
a. Your friend is thinking about something seriously. You ask him/ her what
has happened and offer him/ her some help. He/she accepts it.
b. Your neighboor is an old lady. She has a mango tree which bears a lot of
fruit. As she lives alone, she has no one to pick the mangoes from the trees.
Offer some help to do it for her.
c. An old man is going to cross a busy street. Offer him help to cross the
street.

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Chapter 2

d.

II HHoOpePThEatTI HGeAt ATJoIbGET JOB

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After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
 Get detailed information about job vacancy
 Compare various application letters
 Identify the structure and the social functions of application letters
 Identify the structures of various application letters
 Compare the structure of application letters in English and in Bahasa

Indonesia
 Read a job vacancy
 Find a job vacancy in a newspaper
 Announce a job vacancy orally
 Ask for feedback about your monolog from a friend
 Complete an application letter
 Read a applicatio letter aloud
 Find application letters from various sources
 Analyze the structure and features of various application letters
 Draft an application letter
 Give feedback on your friend‟s application letter
 Write an application letter
 Engage in self-reflection about difficulties in understanding application

letters

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1. Study the dialog and complete each blank space with a suitable phrase

provided.

Hendra Andrawan is interviewing George Fredrick for a job for the office

manager of Lumbung Jati Investments, Inc.

Mr. Hendra : Mr. Fredrick? Do (1)

Mr. Fredrick : Thank you, Sir.

Mr. Hendra : Mr. Fredrick, I see from your resume that you have enough

skills to work in a team. You also have (2) as an office

manager.

Mr. Fredrick : Yes. I have worked in office management for five years and I

am used to organizing a team and (3)

Mr. Hendra : I see and may I know why you want to work for our company

(4) ?

Mr. Fredrick : I read about this company in a newspaper advertisement. I

can see that you are (5) , Sir. I‟m sure you will offer a

greater scope of initiative. From a friend of mine. I also know

that this company provides (6)

Mr. Hendra : Okay. Thank you Mr. Fredrick. We will let you know (7)

Mr. Fredrick : Thank you, Sir.

in particular fair working experience a large company
conditions

sit down by e-mail within a week working in a team

13

2. Read following application letters and resumes. Then, compare the

letters by completing the table that follows.

Application letter 1

George Fredrick

724 Sutomo St.

Surabaya

36743

Tel. 021 777 1413

Lumbung Jati Investments, Inc. Email: [email protected]

Attn: Hendra Andrawan October 17, 2021

46587 Rengging St.

Jepara 59428

Dear Mr. Hendra.
I am writing to you regarding your advertisement in Jawa Pos

newspapaer on October, 6 2021. Considering my educational background
and five years working in office management. I‟m sure that I have enough
experience for this position. I believe I also have the necessary skills to
work in a team to support the position of Office Manager.

I believe I fulfill some requirements of the position below.
 Organizing and working in ateam efficiently
 Leading and managing the office well by supporting „E‟ systems
 Working with a clear vision and objectives
 Finishing tasks within tight deadlines
In my last position, I was able to lead a company with over 250 employees.
I enjoy working with people from various backgrounds I improve my
interpersonal skills by creating a congenial creative office environment.

I hope that after reviewing my application letter , you will find that
I have abilities which suit your requirements. Please get in touch with me if
you have any further questions. Thank you for consideration.

Respectfully,

George Fredrick 14

Application letter 2

Personal Manager
Faradila Hanif, Faradila Hanif & CO
GPO BOX 657
Brunei Darussalam 333 331

July 20, 2021

Dear Sir/ Madam
I am writing to you to express my interest regarding your current

adverisement in Weeks. I have given careful consideration to the job
description and believe that I have the necessary qualifications and personal
attributes to take up of advertising.

Although I do not have a lot of practical experience in the field of
advertising, my past work experience shows that I am able to learn fast from
experienced staff. In my previous job as a salesgirl, it was in charge pf
handlin customers‟ complaints and boosting the product brand.

I have enclosed my resume for your consideration with copies of
my certificates and qualifications.

I would like the opportunity to work as part of an enthusiastic
office team. I look forward to the opportunity for an interview.

Sincerely yours,

Faouzia Mas‟oed

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No Heading 1st letter 2nd letter

1) Month/ day/ year

2) Name of the company applied to

3) Full name of the hiring manager

4) Street address of the hiring manager
5) Applicant‟s full name
6) Applicant‟s address

7) Personal details

8) Education

9) Special training

10) Awards

11) Activities

12) Experience

13) Title of position being applied for

14) Company name

15) Reason for being a good fit for the position

16) Background information that matches the
requirements

Do you know

To write a perfect application letter, you should:
 Begin with your contact information (complete address and phone

number) at the top so the can reply to you;
 Write the name of the employer to whom you are applying for a job and

the address;
 Write the date in letter;
 Write the name of the person to whom you are writing;
 State the positionfor which you are applying so that the employer

knows for certain;
 Begin the letter by telling the employer why you want the job why the

job would be suitable for you;

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 Summarize your strengths and any particular qualifications or
experience that would be considered relevant to the post;

 Include the most relevant aspects of your career;
 Explain how you think you can contribute to the company and help it

become successful;
 Write „I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience”

at the bottom of the letter but before you closing and signature;
 End appropriately by using “Sincerely yours” or “Yours truly” and
 Sign and write your name underneath.

CULTURAL AWARENESS

Actually, there are two important types of application letters. They are
speculative and cover letters. Discuss the differences with your teacher
and your friends.

Speculative Letters

A speculative letter is sent as part of a speculative application together
with a resume. It should sound positive and enthusiastic. It should also be
clearly structured to cover:
 the kind of work you‟re looking for;
 the reason why you want to work for that company in particular;
 the reason why you are suiteble ; and
 the relevant skills, experience, and personal qualities in your enclosed

resume.
Therefore, this type of letter should be:
 tailored to the specific company rather than a standard letter used for a

number of speculative applications; and
 addressed to a named individual-you can phone the company and ask

if you‟re not sure to whom you send it.
Try to offer a number of options in your letter. It is important especially if
they have no vacancies, as they might keep your details on file. You may
write in your letter that you are open for an interview invitation as well.

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Cover Letters

A cover letter usually accompanies an application form or a resume for a
job vacancy advertised. A cover letter is very important . it is great chance
to sell yourself. You have to make your resume and application worth
reading. Use your resume or letter to highlight your enthusiasm and
suitable for the job offered. Try to emphasize your positive sides. The
letter should be clearly structured to cover:
 the kind of work advertised;
 the reason why you are applying to them, why the job interests you,

and why you want to work for that company in particular; and
 the reason why you are suitable. You might emphasize your relevan

skills, experience and personal qualities by elaborating on the
information in your resume or application form and use the same key
words wherever posible.

Do You Know?

 Application letter should be typed. It should also not be more then one
side of A4.

 It should to the job title and reference as given in the application
information.

 It should also refer to the most relevant parts of your resume, but not
repeat the general detail.

3. Complete the following letter of application with the appropriate
words provided in the box.

Rayonit Company
45 Usluga St.
Albania

May 25, 2021

Dear Sir/ Madam

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I am 1) on instagram of @rayonit_company on May 15,

2021. Please find my resume, certificates, and letter of references

enclosed.

The position you advertised matches my interest and I believe that 2)
for this position. The key strengths that I possess for success in the
position include:
 designing, developing, and supporting live-use application;
 striving for continued excellence; and
 providing exceptional contributions to customer service for all

customers.

3) , I have a full understanding of the full life cycle of

software development project. I aso have 4) . Please see

my resume for additional information on my experience.

I 5) at [email protected] or my cell phone at

878 999 6542. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward

to an interview with you about this employment opportunity.

Sincerely yours,

Salma Mackenzie

a) experience in learning and excelling at new technologies as needed
b) writing to apply for the programmer position advertised
c) can be reached anytime via e-mail
d) my technical experience and education will make me a very

competitive candidate
e) With a Bachelor „s Degree in Computer Programming

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Elements of Language
Application Features
Letters
An Example of Application Letters

Month/ day/ year August 22, 2021 Open punctuation is
used with no commas or
Name of the company Personal Manager full stops for date and
being applied to, full Sezairi Lee address.
name of the hiring GPO BOX 272
manager, street, Malaysia
address, city/ state, zip
code Dear Sir/ Madam Salutation with a colon

Dear Mr./ Mrs./ Ms. + The use of the
last name of the hiring
manager or to whom it I am writing to you to express my interest regarding your present
may concern it.
The title of position continuous.
applied, the reason, for
being a good fit for the current adverisement in Weeks. I have given careful
position.
A brief description of the consideration to the job description and believe that I have
applicant’s background
that is related to the job the necessary qualifications and personal attributes to take
requirements for the
position applied for. up of advertising. Present tense

Positive and polite close Although I do not have a lot of practical experience in the

Present tense

field of advertising, my past work experience shows that I

am able to learn fast from experienced staff. In my previous Past tense
job as a salesgirl, it was in charge pf handlin customers‟

complaints and boosting the product brand. Present perfect

I have enclosed my resume for your consideration with

copies of my certificates and qualifications.

I would like the opportunity to work as part of an

enthusiastic office team. I look forward to the opportunity

for an interview.

Closing Yours sincerely,
Zuhaila Saleem
Signature
Full name of
the applicant

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Chapter 3

A Picture Is Worth a
Thousand Words

21

After studying this chapter, you will be able to;
 Give a comment on a picture
 Identify information
 Identify the function of captions
 Get information from captions
 Discuss the definition and functions of captions
 Analyze captions
 Match pictures with monologs being heard
 Get the gist of captions
 Find detailed information from captions
 Analyze the appropriateness between caption titles the pictures
 Write down caption titles
 Write captions
 Use appropriate punctuation and capitalization in captions
 Rearrange words into a good caption
 Complete a caption
 Engage in self-reflection about studying photo captions

22

Share Your Experience

Match the following pictures with the right captions.
a. c.

b. d.
c.

Caption 1
Erdogan in a meeting with the main opposition leader Deniz Baykal
of the Republican people‟s Party (CHP)

Caption 2
Monumen Jogja Kembali is abbreviated Monjali is a museum that
tells about the history of Indonesia independence‟s struggle in
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and it is managed by Ministry of
Tourism and Economy Creative.

Caption 3
Indonesian players pose with their cups and medals after won Thomas Cup
Final versus China in Aarhus, Denmark 17 Oktober 2021.

Caption 4
Reog is one of Ponorogo city‟s icon in East Java. One of the uniquenesses of
Reog Ponorogo is in its costume which is its wieght is 50 kg.

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1. Obeserve the picture and its caption with your friend carefully,
then make some comments concerning the picture.

Kanselir Jerman Angela Merkel on Sunday, July,18, 2021, describes flash
flood disaster that ravages some areas in German. The death toll from this
disaster increased to 188 people.German floods are believed to be the
result of extreme weather, in the form of heavy rains that trigger flooding.
This disaster has occurred in recent days and is listed as the worst natural
disaster in Germany in six decades.

What a scary disaster! Hope
the government can finish
soon.

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2. Read the foloowing caption and complete the boxes with the headings of
the information. One has been done for you as an example.

What is happening? A backhoe is finally able to get a bus on its
wheels on Monday, March 28, 2010 after being
hit by a ten-wheel truck carrying cement and
falling together with the truck into a ravine
about 100 kilometers north of the Shan State
border town of Tachilek twelve days before.
Thirteen people, including the driver, were
killed and 38 passengers were injured in the
accident on Tachilek-Kengtung Highway.

Remember!

Writing Captions
When you write a photo caption, there are some rules that you have to follow.
1. Supply specific information (answering 5WH-questions)

 Who/ what is that?
 What is going on?
 What did it happen?
 Where did it happen?
 Whay did it happen?
 How did it happen?
2. Use the present tense to describe action in the photo.
The first sentence is often written in the present tense to give the senseof
immediacy. The following sentence is written in the past tense.
3. Captions are written in a complete sentence-mostly a declarative sentence. One
or two sentence(s) are enough to describe a photo, but if more explanation is
needed, a caption may have three sentences.
4. Clearly identify the people and location that appear in the photo. Mind the
correct spellings of names.
5. For photographs of more than one person, identify from left to right. In case of
large groups, identify only the notable people.
Never include personal feelings. Avoid descriptive terms that interpret personal
feelings, such as beautiful, scary, sad, lovely. In caption, facts without involving
personal emotion are what should be given to readers. The feelings and emotion are
for readers. The feelings and emotions are for readers to decide.

25

3. Observe the following organization chart. Complete the paragraph below
with the information from the chart.

Cultural Study Tour

Marketing dirctor Finance director
(Abraham) (Harry)

Tour leader Tour leader Tour leader Tour leader Tour leader
(UK) (Austria) (Indonesia) (Korea) (Canada)

Admin Admin Admin Admin Admin Admin
staff staff staff staff staff staff

Cultural Study Tour offers tours in various countries for people who want to
learn more about particular aspects of those countries. The head office is in
London, but we have a small branch office in several countries. The company
has two directors ……..(1) and …….. (2). Abraham is in charge of …….. (3)
and Harry‟s responsible for the …….. (4). There are eleven full-time staff that
help Abraham and Harry.

There are five tour leaders who plan and lead the tours. Each of them is
responsible for a particular region; that is (5) …….., (6) …….., (7) …….., (8)
…….. and (9) ……..

The tour leaders are supported by (10) ……………administrative staff who
handle the day-to-day clerical work.

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4. Observe the following pie chart. Complete the following paragraph with

the information from the chart.

Activities done in the zoo Favorite Zoos

45% 15% a. Feed the animals. 30%
30% 10% b. Take picture with
30% a. Ragunan Zoo
animals. 40% b. Secret Zoo
c. Wacth the shows c. Gembira Loka

of animals. Zoo
d. Look animals from

outside from glass.

Research has been done recently about the people in Java island about

what they are doing in the zoo. The first pie chart shows us that a zoo is not

only a place for (1) . They may go there for (2) ,

(3) and (4) . The next question is asking them

wich zoos are their favorite ones. Most of them chose to visit (5)

while (6) and (7) become the second choice.

5. Read the table and answer the following questions.

No Student’s Name Age Height (m) Weight (Ibs)
98
1 Zara 17 1.55 105
97
2 Edward 16 1.65 107
103
3 Perry 17 1.57

4 Saleem 15 1.69

5 Alan 16 1.64

a. What does the table show you?
b. Zara is the same …… as Perry.
c. Alan is the same ……..as Edward.
d. Saleem is …..... than Edward.
e. Zara is…….than Perry.
f. Alan is………than Perry.

g. How many students from the table?

h. How many male students from the table?

i. How many female students from the table?

j. Who is the fattest among the five students?

27

6. Read the following magazine index and answer the questions.
INDEX

Cover Story…………………………………………… 3-13
Economy and Business………………………………..
Editorial.……………………………………………… 25-31
Entertaiment………………………………………….. 56
National News…………………..................................
Sport…………………………………………………. 41-46
World News…………………………………………. 14-24

47-55
32-40

a. On which of the pages the magazine would you probably find a list of the
current trading prices of stocks and bonds?

b. Which of then magazine pages would most likely contain a story about
the production of new movie?

c. In which section would one find a statement of opinion by the publishers
of the magazine?

7. Look at the pictures below and describe these with simple caption!
a.

Caption: 28
b.

Caption:

8. Use the 5WH-questions to write your photo captions.
a.
Who/ what?
What‟s going on?
Where?
When?
Why?
How?

b.
Who/ what?
What‟s going on?
Where?
When?
Why?
How?

c.
Who/ what?
What‟s going on?
Where?
When?
Why?
How?

29



30

Ater studying this chapter, you will be able to:
 Pronounce words correctly
 Complete a text based on news listened to
 Get detailed information from news broadcasts
 Read news like a news anchor
 Analyze headlines
 Compare news in English and in Bahasa Indonesia
 Match pictures with news that you have listened to
 Get specific information through reading news
 Enrich vocabulary through reading
 Get the gist of news
 Complete news with words provided
 Rearrange words into eye-catching headlines
 Match news with the right headlines
 Analyze the use of the passive voice
 Turn the active voice into the passive voice
 Quote
 Write news
 Report newsworthy events
 Write newsworthy events
 Engage in self-reflection about difficulties in reading and

writing news

31

SHARE YOUR EXPERIENCE

1. Look at this picture and answer the question

a. What is the picture about?

b. What equipment can you see in the picture and what are their
functions?

c. What is his job?

d. Where does he work?

2. Match the word in Column A with its definition in Column B

Column A Column B
1) newsreader a) He/ she is a presenter on a television

2) foreground or radio program,who links reporters
3) anchor to the viewers.
4) newscast b) It is a picture or scene that appears
nearest to the viewers.
c) He/she reads or presents the news on a
television or, radio bróadcast.
d) it is a television or radio broadcast
delivering news

32

3. Read the following news.

South Africa has lifted overnight curfew rules, with officials
saying the country may have passed the peak of its fourth
wave of Covid-19 infections.

A government statement said the Omicron variant, while
highly transmissible, had seen lower hospitalisation rates than
previous waves. There had been a marginal increase in the
number of deaths, it added.The variant - first reported by South
Africa last month - is spreading fast elsewhere leading to
widespread curbs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has
warned of a "tsunami" of infections from Delta and Omicron
variants that could overwhelm health systems. But in South
Africa, a statement released after a special cabinet meeting said
cases and hospital admission rates had dropped in almost all
provinces across the country.For the week ending 25 December
2021, the number of confirmed infections stood at 89,781 - down
from 127,753 the week before.

The changes announced include lifting restrictions on
movement between midnight and 04:00. Businesses will also be
allowed to sell alcohol under normal licensing rules, instead of
closing at 23:00. Overnight curfew rules of varying severities
have been in place since a national state of disaster was declared
in late March 2020. The country still has "spare capacity for
admission of patients even for routine health services" despite the
Omicron wave, officials said. The public are still being urged to
get vaccinated and follow public health protocols, including
mandatory mask-wearing. Gatherings remain capped at 1,000

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people indoors and 2,000 outdoors or 50% at venue capacity to
allow for social distancing. The National Coronavirus Command
Council (NCCC) will monitor the situation and make
adjustments if necessary or if hospital pressure increases,
officials said. South Africa has recorded almost 3.5 million
Covid-19 cases and more than 90,000 deaths during the
pandemic.
4. Make your own news based on the following pictures.

a. b.

c. d.

Remember!

News Item

Tiger in Florida zoo shot to death after grabbing
man's arm

UPDATED ON: DECEMBER 30, 2021 / 6:56 PM / CBS NEWS

Newsworthy An 8-year-old Malayan tiger in a Florida zoo was shot to
event death after grabbing the arm of a cleaner and pulling it into
its enclosure Wednesday evening, officials said. The

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Background cleaner, who police say breached a barrier to get close to the Passive
events animal, was airlifted to a hospital and was in fair condition. voice

Source The Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens says it was Past
closed for the day when the man, who works for a third- tense
party cleaning service, "entered an unauthorized area near a
tiger that was inside its enclosure." Direct
and
"The cleaning company is responsible for cleaning indirect
restrooms and the gift shop, not the animal enclosures," the speech
zoo said. It is not clear why the man approached the tiger's
enclosure.

Eko the tiger, who was killed after biting a man's
arm when he crossed into an unauthorized portion of the
Naples Zoo, is seen in Naples, Florida in handout photo
taken in March 2021.NAP LES ZOO / H ANDOU T
VIA REUTERS

According to the zoo, the man was either petting or
feeding the tiger, named Eko, "both of which are
unauthorized and dangerous activities." The man was later
identified by the Collier County Sheriff's office as 26-year-
old River Rosenquist.

The social function of news items:
To inform readers,listeners or viewers about events of the day which
are considered important and interesting.
The text organization of news items:

 Newsworthy events recount the event in summary form.

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 Background events elaborate what happened, to whom, and

in what circumstances.
 Sources are comments by participants in, witnesses to, and

authorities expert on the event.

To compose a news item text, you will need the use of:

 The past tenses (the simple past, the past continuous, the past

perfect)

E.g. We went to the zoo last week.
She had come earlier before we arrived there.
They were watching television when the thief entered their
house quietly.
I was very happy and wanted to go there again.

 Adverbs of manner
e.g. happily, joyfully, slowly, fast,quickly

 Adverbs of time and place
e.g. one day, after the lesson, in the classroom, through the green
grass

 Action verbs
e.g. go, walk, run, eat, drive, ride, kick

 Saying verbs
e.g. tell, say, reply, shout, answer, complain

 Adjectives to form noun phrases
e.g. a beautiful, sunny day; a large, green field; a soft, white, sandy
beach

 Conjunctions to link sentences
e.g. and, but, so, because,for,or

 Time connectives
e.g. after that, meanwhile, the next morning, then, finally, next, at
the end

 Pronouns
e.g: he, she, they, them, his, her, him, them, us, we, our,my

 Passive sentences
e.g. The three victims were found by a SAR team in Banda Sea.
The whole village was swept away by a Tsunami last year.

 Direct and indirect speech
e.g. "The victims were taken to hospital for intensive care," said
the chief of police. (direct speech)

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The meteorologist said that there were no victims during the
tremor. (indirect speech)

5. Read the following news and answer the questions.

New law allowing assisted suicide takes effect in Austria

From Saturday, adults who are terminally ill or have a permanent, debilitating
condition, can opt to make provisions for an assisted death. Parliament
approved the new law in December, following a constitutional court ruling on
the issue. The practice will be tightly regulated, with each case assessed by
two doctors - one of whom would have to be a palliative medicine expert.
Officials say the government has also allocated funds to develop palliative
care to ensure no one chooses to die when other options are available.

Assisted suicide, in which somebody is given the means to end their
own life, is legal in neighbouring Switzerland. It's also been decriminalised in
several European countries, including Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Active assistance to suicide will remain outlawed in Austria, and the new
rules explicitly exclude minors or those with mental health conditions. Adults
who want to end their lives must produce a diagnosis and have confirmation
that they are able to make their own decisions. After gaining approval from
two doctors, patients must wait for 12 weeks to reflect on their decision - or
two weeks if they have a terminal illness. If they still want to go ahead after
this waiting period, they can then get lethal drugs at a pharmacy after giving
notification to a lawyer or notary.

To prevent abuse, the names of pharmacies that sell these drugs will
only be disclosed to lawyers and notaries who receive these notifications, and
will not be advertised publicly. Until now, under Austrian law, anyone who
induced or helped someone to kill themselves faced up to five years in prison.
An absolute ban on assisted dying was lifted by a federal court last year,
which ruled that it "violated the right of self-determination".
But the same punishment will remain in place for those who kill another
person at their "serious and emphatic request". Before the new rules were
approved by parliament this year, some political opponents argued that it
placed too many hurdles in the way of those seeking assisted dying. Others
argued that too few restrictions were to be put in place, saying that a
psychiatric evaluation was not enough to assess patients' decision-making
ability.

 What is the news about?
 When did the new law happen?
 Where did the new law is lawful?
 Who gave the information to the reporter?

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 Why did the patients must wait as long two weeks after gaining

approval?
 What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

Remember!

Newspaper language is not the same as ordinary English. It prefers

short and distinctive. words. The following are some examples of

words commonly used in newspapers.

Newspaper Meaning Newspaper Meaning

Words Words

aid help hit attack badly

axe cut,remove key vital, important

back support link connection

bar exclude forbid,move step forward

bid attempt ordeal painful

experience

blast explosion oust push out

blaze fire plea request

boost encourage pledge pledge,promise

boss manager ploy clever activity

head director poll election/ survey

clash dispute probe investigation

curb limit quit leave, resign

cut reduction riddle mystery

drama tense situation strife conflict

drive campaign,effort talks discussions

graft corruption threat danger

gems jewels MOA promise

go-ahead approval wed marry

(McCarthy,1999)

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Remember!

THE PASSIVE VOICE

We often see the use of passive sentences in news stories to emphasize
the action, not the participant (who did if). The passive voice is also
useful when you dont know who the agent is.
Study the sentences below.
1. A moumtainous valley of Inner Mongolia was shaken by a strong
earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale last Friday.
2. Warning had been given by the police, but the motorists chose to
ignore them.
3. Lava has been discharged by the volcanic mountain in the Sunda
straits several times lately
4. The Minister of Public Works has instructed that the damaged roads
and bridges will be repaired soon before the end of this month by PT
Kerka Karya, a state-owned company.

6. Pay attention to the underlined sentences in the column above.

Then, complete the following table.

NO Subject To Be Past By Agent Adv. Of

Participle Time

1) A mountainous shaken by a last

valley strong Friday

quake

2) had been given

3) Lava by the several

volcanic times

mountain lately

4) will be soon

7. Change the following sentences into passive ones.
a. The reconstruction of the bridges will need 14 billion Rupiah.
b. Hard and rocky land cannot absorb heavy rains.
c. The flood in Central Java had killed 70 people.
d. People passed buckets of water from hand to hand to put out the fire.
e. People took the victim to the hospital.

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Remember!

Background events do not always tell events in chronological order,but
sometimes also explain why the events happened. See this example
below.

Pakistan Mine Explosions Kill 21

Balochistan
BBC

Twenty one workers were mine near the provincial
killed in a series of methane capital, Quetta.
gas explosions at a mine in a
remote Sorange District, Balochistan has an
Balochistan Province, Pakistan. abundance of minerals, yet
The rescue team is working safety procedures are poor.
hard to evacuate 30 trapped
miners. “We are trying our best
to rescue as many workers as
An official said that the we can, but the chánce of
lack of oxygen decreased the finding survivors is bleak
chance of rescue. Reports now," said the mine inspector
stated that the miners ignored Iftikhar Ahmed.
warnings declared two weeks
ago about the danger of the Officials said that the
mine is a state-owned
corporation but is operated by a
contractor.

©BBC 2011

Reasons why there was a mine explosion killing 21 miners:

Reason 1 The mine, near the provincial capital, Quetta, was
declared dangerous.
Reason 2 Balochistan is rich in minerals, but its mines have a poor
savety record.
Reason 3 The mine is owned by the state of Pakistan, but it was
operated by a contractor.
Reason 4 The miners ignored warnings to stop mining
Reason 5 Hope of rescuing the survivors were fading because of a
lack of oxygen.

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7. Rewrite an interesting event into a piece of news.
a. Recall an event happening recently in your school, your

neighbohood, or in your country.

b. Write the first draft and consult with your teacher about it.

c. Write the second draft and let your friend check your work
using the following students’ checklist:

No Items to be checked Peer Editor’s Comments

1. Is the format correct? (the

title, margins, and

spacing)

2. Text organization

a. Has he/ she mentioned

the newsworthy

event?

b. What is the topic?

c. How many

background events are

there in his/ her news?

d. Has he/ she included

the source?

e. Who is the source?

3. Grammar

a. Has he/ she written the

headline correctly?

b. Has he/ she used

action verbs and

saying verb?

c. Has he/ she used

passive sentence in

his/ her news?

4. Punctuation

a. Has he/ she written the

date, month, year

correctly?

b. Has he/ she put the

correct punctuation for

the name and place?

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