e-PORTFOLIO DYNAMICS OF LEADERSHIP

YASOTA A/P KAVARI

MPP201138

ASSOC. PROF. DR. YUSOF
BIN BOON





YASOTA A/P KAVARI

I/C NUMBER : 901119 - 04 - 5504
GENDER : FEMALE
RACE : INDIAN
RELIGION : HINDU
PLACE OF BIRTH : MELAKA
DATE OF BIRTH : 19 / 11 / 1990

[email protected] UPPF 6033
011-10871050 DYNAMICS OF LEADERSHIP
SESSION 2
NO. 39, JALAN AZAM 13,
TAMAN SRI LAMBAK, CODE MPPMA1AJA
86000 KLUANG, JOHOR. PROGRAMME
FACULTY BACHELOR OF EDUCATION
MS WORD (MATHEMATICS)

MS POWER POINT FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
AND HUMANITIES
MS PUBLISHER
DEGREE : IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA
MS EXCEL PERGURUAN

B.MELAYU ORGANISATION : SJKT LADANG PAMOL

ENGLISH ADDRESS : P.S 509, LADANG PAMOL,
86000 KLUANG, JOHOR
TAMIL

I am grateful to God for giving me the strength to
successfully complete my portfolio. Apart from my efforts, the
success of this course depends on the encouragement and
guidelines of my professor and fellow friends. I would like take
this opportunity to express gratitude to everyone who was been
supportive directly or indirectly for completing this portfolio. The
completion of this portfolio gives me much pleasure as I could
recall information learnt and reorganize all the materials for
future reference.

Once again, I would like to show my greatest appreciation to
Prof. Dr. Yusof bin Boon as his guidance and sharing what this
portfolio all about.







GROUP TOPIC PRESENTORS EVALUATORS
1
Contigency Adrian Afzal Ariff Mohanasyri a/p Nanchappan
Leadership Aizatul Husna Mohd Sabri Muhammad Fahmi Arifin
Muhammad Hasyiq Abd
Theories Ayatul Kauthar Samad
Basemin@Baseman
Communication, Dahshini a/p Muralee Joyce Ding Yoon Mei
2 Coaching and Kavetha Shanmugam
Emy Rosyaidah Osman Maisarah Mahussain
Conflict Skills Fairuz Razali
Zulfadzli Zakaria
The Leader- Fitry Azrul Nor Saafri
3 Follower Goh Cheng Khim Muhammad Khairul Arif
Nor Haslinda Ismail Ahamad
Relationship
Joyce Ding Yoon Mei Nanthini a/p Ananthan
Kavetha Shanmugam Norshafika Aripin
Maisarah Mahussain
Emy Rosyaidah Osman
Zulfadzli Zakaria Fairuz Razali

Mohanasyri a/p Nanchappan Fitry Azrul Nor Saafri
Goh Cheng Khim
4 Team Muhammad Fahmi Arifin Nor Haslinda Ismail
Leadership Muhammad Hasyiq Abd
Adrian Afzal Ariff
Samad Aizatul Husna Mohd Sabri

Leading Self- Muhammad Khairul Arif Ayatul Kauthar
5 Managed Ahamad Basemin@Baseman
Dahshini a/p Muralee
Teams Nanthini a/p Ananthan
Norshafika Aripin Nur Shamimi Mohd Sheffol Azri
Nurniesya Nabila Halimshah
Charismatic and Nur Adlina Md Azmi Priya a/p Manogaran

6 Transformational Nur Fairuz Khairani Kadir Rahmatul Nisha Mohamad
Ibrahim
Leadership Nur Farah Izzaty Mohd Azhar
Selva Mani a/p Veerappan
7 Level 5 Nur Hidayah Hassan Senthil Kumar a/l Narayanan
Leadership Nur Nabila Mohd Rafee
Nur Rasyiqah Nasuha Rosly Sharmila Devi a/p Ganisen, Siti
Faezah Ahmad Sazali
8 Authentic Nur Shamimi Mohd Sheffol Azri Yasota a/p Kavari
Leadership Nurniesya Nabila Halimshah
Priya a/p Manogaran Nur Hidayah Hassan
Nur Nabila Mohd Rafee
Assessment of Rahmatul Nisha Mohamad Nur Rasyiqah Nasuha Rosly

9 Personal Ibrahim Nur Adlina Md Azmi
Leadership Selva Mani a/p Veerappan Nur Fairuz Khairani Kadir
Nur Farah Izzaty Mohd Azhar
Development Senthil Kumar a/l Narayanan

10 Performance Sharmila Devi a/p Ganisen, Siti
Leadership Faezah Ahmad Sazali
Yasota a/p Kavari









Leadership is a derived word from "lead". Lead means guided,
guided, or guided. Lead is given the meaning of holding hands and
bringing the walk to a place. Leadership means "leadership ability" and
leadership is "the ability to be a leader, the power of a leader“.

Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act
toward achieving a common goal. In a business setting, this can mean
directing workers and colleagues with a strategy to meet the
company's needs.

Leadership defines different things to different people around the
world, and different things in different situations. For example, it could
relate to community leadership, religious leadership, political leadership,
and leadership of campaigning groups.

A leader inspires others to act while simultaneously directing the
way that they act. They must be personable enough for others to follow
their orders, and they must have the critical thinking skills to know the
best way to use the resources at an organization's disposal.

Leadership is a subject that appeals to all communities. Leadership
gives an idea of powerful and dynamic individuals. I hope this course,
Dynamic of Leadership will vast my knowledge about leader, leadership
skills and strategy I needed to know to improve my organization.



Self introduction
Explanation of course information

First day of Dynamics of Leadership began at 4.00 p.m. Assoc. Prof.
Yusof bin Boon asked the students to introduce themselves. Students
from different faculties with different background joined in this class.

Then , the class continued with explanation of the Dynamics of
Leadership course information. Professor explained about mapping of
the course weekly , teaching and learning method and assessment
methods. Information of topics we will learn throughout this course was
briefed in short.

Later that evening, Prof opened discussion about leadership.
Students shared their opinions and thoughts about leadership. He
explained that a good leader learns from mistakes and always updating
self by continuous learning from various resources. Everyone is a leader
based on different context.

I understood that I’m a leader to myself, my family, my classroom
and in my organization depends on the tasks and situations. I need to
be responsible in my action and ready to listen to suggestions for
improvement. I am hoping to learn more about leadership in following
weeks an become a good leader in required situations.

Explanation of assessments
Who is a leader?

Some new friends joined in our class this week. Hence, more clear
information about assessment given this week. Professor stated that
there will be no examination or quiz for this course. Students will be given
four assessment In different methods. Brief explanation of the course
assessment were explained by professor. Assignment 1 is a group
presentation which carries 20% marks. Professor will group the students
and share the list of group and titles later in group. A short talk, more like
a public speaking need to be recorded by each student for not more
than 5 minutes on 21st Century Leadership. Next, we need to interview
our role model to gather information about leadership challenges. Then,
the student needed to make a reflection based on the information
gathered from the session. Lastly, student need to prepare an e-portfolio
which carries 60%. It should be comprising of student profile, overall
reflection, weekly reflection based on topics, student presentations and
notes shared in classes.

In today’s class Professor shared that each leader has different
leadership style. I aware that I need to improve my individual leadership
qualities towards a great leader. Rather than being a boss who just
giving out instructions, the leader need to be role model, provide
support and guidance without fail depends on the followers. I should be
available and have vast knowledge to assist followers who need my
guidance.

I should cooperate with them, understand them clearly and ensure
their welfare is preserved. As a leader role as a supporter is needed to
increase the followers’ active commitment in organization. A wise
leader will combine his expert management skills with the skills of his
followers to bring success. A successful organisation needs a leader who
is smart and has clear goals.

The leadership skill of a leader could be seen in the way of him or
her handling a crisis. From today’s sharing, I also get to know
information regarding economic crisis happened in 1997 and 98 and
how our previous leader successfully managed to overcome the crisis
without much damage for the country. It is important for a leader to
think pro and con of his action before taking any decision to avoid
worse scenarios.

What is leadership?
Traits and ethics

Today’s discussion was about leadership, traits and ethics. We
shared our prior knowledge about leadership. Then, we were explained
about the definitions of leadership and influence of the leadership style
in an organization. We discussed about characteristics of some famous
leaders of the world, Winston Churchill, Mahatma Gandhi and Adolf
Hitler. Students shared what inspired them and list their best leadership
characteristics. We concluded that differences in leadership styles are
needed based on the people, situation and organization. The discussion
let me to identify leadership styles and how it affects and influences the
followers.

Furthermore, we learnt about the importance of leadership and
the key elements of leadership. I learnt that leadership is the influencing
process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives
through change. Then, we moved to differentiate the characteristics
between leaders and managers. I have learnt that managers are
people who administrate and control an organization whereas leaders
inspire their followers in the organization. We analyzed leadership in term
of individual, group and organizational level as well as leadership theory
classifications. I learn that my leadership skills and ethics play important
role in managing the classroom and subject committee.

Leadership behaviour

Leadership behaviour was our topic of discussion today.
Leadership style is the combination of traits, skills and behaviours which
leaders use as they interact with their followers. We learn that traits are
distinguishing personal characteristics. A combination of traits that
classifies an individual’s behaviour is called personality.

The question of why leadership is important and are leaders are
born or bred was discussed. Students shared their knowledge and
experiences they undergo under their organization. I learn that the best
leadership style would be the one which works for a leader in a specific
time and environment.

Even when Hitler’s leadership style is categorized as autocratic still
his citizen aspire his leadership. Hence, it is clear that although there is
no one best leadership style in all situations, employees or followers are
more satisfied with a leader who is high in consideration. I decided that I
must be considerate and taking account of my students and fellow
colleagues when a decision involving their satisfaction and
commitment.

Influencing power and politics
Organisational excellence

Today we discussed about organizational excellence. Country was
classified as an organisation. Professor shared his experience on how a
great leader can make great changes. Previously, Malaya was uder
colonialization. Our prime ministers made continuous effort to create
knowledgeable citizens.

Our country began to excelled under the management of our
fourth prime minister in early 80’s. We began to develop as an industrial
country with the look east policy introduced by the prime minister.
Penang bridge is one of the proof of forward vision. It proofs that a
leader with focus, vision and mission could lead the country to a better
way.

Leadership of prime minister in influencing leaders and followers to
achieve his organizational objectives through change is clearly visible.
He managed to communicate ideas, gain acceptance and motivate
followers to support and successfully implement the ideas for better
future. I learn about the qualities I need to have to become an effective
leader who could attain organizational goals by setting clear objectives
from today’s discussion.

5 qualities of effective leader
Leadership networking

Our topic today was Big Five Model. The model which comprises
surgency, agreeableness, adjustment, conscientiousness and openness
to experience is important in order to crate a good personality of a
leader. I able to understand the Big Five personality dimensions and the
universality of effective leaders. A leader should be to take care of his or
her emotional stability and should not force the followers to follow his
own decision. We had some discussion on some leadership model and
relate them with real life situations.

The discussion continued with the abuse of power which leads to
irregularities and corruption happens in some organisations. Greediness
is the key to the abuse of power. This will result to collapse for the
organization. The reasons for this found to be employee’s unsatisfaction
as the employer fails to care about their welfare.

Recognition will be solution for employees’ satisfaction. When they
are being recognized for their good work, they will be more committed
in their work. APC is a form of encouragement to increase work
performance. I decided to give proper support and encouragement in
order to make my followers feel appreciated and work committedly
without being asked or told.

Influencing power

Today’s topic was interesting as it focused on influences. A great
leader should be able to influence his follower and accomplish his or her
task. Influencing here refer to act of having a good relationship with
followers. Everyone has different characteristics and styles. It becomes
the leaders’ responsibly to find suitable way to influence the followers to
attain their goals.

Discussion on emotion level of men and women was discussed. It
was said that woman could not placed in highest position in an
organization because they tend to be emotional easily. I thought this
opinion needed to be researched and proved as I had the opposite
idea.

As a leader I need to have openness. I should be willing to try new
things and have hope that tomorrow would be better than today. This is
much needed to bring the organization forward by facing all the
challenges successfully.

Some students shared about their leader’s leadership style. Some
shared that new incomers are given more task to be complete. There
are also situation where they are become victim for bully as they are
very committed and never disappoints their leader. A great leader
should be reasonable and should not take advantage on their
employees or followers.

I learned that a leader should be moderate in all aspects. He or
she should not be arrogant or self centered. Over managing such as
being dominant and high energy might lead to hatred.

A leader should have integrity always. Leader need to cooperate
and work together to achieve better results. Flexibility, empathy,
stability, self confident and smartness are key points a leader need to
have.

Contingency leadership
Communication, Coaching &
Conflict Skills

Today, the first group has presented their topic on Contingency
Leadership. I learn a leader should response or change his way of
management based on the circumstances. Fiedler’s Contingency
Theory explains about effectiveness of leader determined by how well
his or her leadership style matches the situation. This theory is suitable to
be applied by leaders in many organizations as the leadership style
depends on the situation, we are in.

A leader must find suitable ways and choose the style which suits
his or her follower’s maturity level to manage organization in a directive
way to success. Based on all types of leadership style when it comes to
make a decision, I believe to have a quality decision, it is best to have a
discussion and gather suggestions. But then, the leader should be
responsible for whatever they outcome it is.

The information shared today gave me some insights to prepare
for my second assignment, short talk. I could talk on how a 21st century
leader should manage his organization based on all the contingency
theories shared today.

Then, the second group presented their topic on Communication,
coaching and conflict. They explained that the word communication
from Latin means exchange of thoughts and a process of
understanding.

A great leader should apply the following communication skills
such as listening, speaking, observing and empathizing to gain a better
outcome. Our facial expression and body gestures are being the part of
our communication as well. Our responding skills and giving feedback
should be concise, clear and in proper manner. Constructive feedback
are needed for the followers to know their achievement level and
improve themselves.

I get to know about communication skills and how to conduct an
effective communication as a good leader confidently. I also learned
about techniques of coaching and the guideline to coach my followers
efficaciously. Not forgetting the ways to use cognitive conflicts and tools
to manage conflicts I might face in future.



9 - 15 MEI 2021

Contingency leadership
Communication, Coaching &
Conflict Skills

Today, Professor gave brief explanation on the third assignment.
Then, Professor elaborated more on the topics presented by group 1
and 2 in previous week. There are so many types of leadership style. He
stated that there is no greatest leadership style as it should be adapted
and adopt based on the situations.

A follower need to adapt to the situation as they does not
implement what they had learned in education centers or universities
are not always able to be implemented fully. We should adjust ourself
accordingly to our work environment.

A leader should not always hope for a great product or result only.
He or she need to guide their follower to achieve what they planned.
They need to have empathy, the ability to put their self in others’
situations or viewpoint. The situation or relationship between leader and
follower does affects the outcome of an organization as well.

We had some discussion to share out views based on the topics.
Professor shared about the communication skill of a medicine seller or
someone who conduct scams. They have ability to influence others to
achieve something they need. Thus, a leader’s communication skill
plays a great role in his leadership.

Coaching our followers in much needed to imply new ideas and
achieve better results. A leader should not critic or blame his follower or
employee. On the other hand, specific constructive feedback, giving
examples or suggestions, motivation and recognition should be given to
encourage them more.

The Leader-Follower Relationship
Team Leadership

This week, we continued with the presentation of group 3 and 4.
Today, I learned about Dyadic relationship, a positive two-way
interaction between a leader and the follower. It bring empowerment
to the relationship. It is important for us to know about types of our
followers in order for us to be a meaningful leader. I choose leader –
leader concept over leader – follower. The leader to follower
combination just give orders and take control. On the other hand, a
leader should create a leader by giving control, intent and allow others
to find solution.

It was stated that leadership is all about us, it shows who we are.
Good leadership could be visible when there is mutual trust and
influence in an organization or a group. Based on the Pygmalion effect
in leadership it was stated that higher expectations lead to higher
performance. Hence, I decided to set high achievable goals to receive
high performance.

Team leadership is working together to achieve great outcome.
The example of car was given to make clear understanding. As a car
can only function well when the small, big, cheap and expensive parts
works together, it a must for us to work together with others to achieve
our goals.

Leading Self-Managed Teams
Charismatic and Transformational
Leadership

The class continued with presentation of group 5, leading self-
managed teams and 6, charismatic and transformational leadership.

When compared with traditional team leadership, self
management team is considered as better. It focuses on unity within the
team or organization and the members are multi skilled. The role of
team members changes occasionally, and leadership is shared with the
team. Thus, they are given change to share their experience and
knowledge in their work. The objective is achieved by collaboration. I
learnt that the self-managed team operates without managerial
supervision and the subordinates will have high job satisfaction and give
their full commitment on tasks given.

In order to improve self-managed team’s effectiveness, leader
should create a sense of empowerment, develop team –based
measurements and feedback as well as provide adequate training to
the subordinates. This type of leadership is vital to ensure the quality of
work in our organization.

Next, on the charismatic leadership style I learnt types of
charismatic leaders and ways of communicating as a charismatic
leader, which are management by inspiration and management by
anecdote.

To be a charismatic leader, he or she must have five qualifications
such as visionary, articulate, sensitive, risk-taker and creative. One
should have these qualifications within them. Moreover, there are some
disadvantages but mostly more advantages of being a charismatic
leader in organization. This topic guided me on how to improve my
charismatic leadership style. I learnt that I should become an active
listener and should combine my power as a leader with warmth to
enhance communication.

Transformational leadership style focuses on what leaders
accomplish, not their personal characteristics or followers’ reactions and
serves to change the status quo by articulating to followers the
problems in the current system and a compelling vision of what a new
organization could be. I had knowledge about fundamental practice
models which would be helpful for teachers like me to imply them in our
classroom settings.

Discussion and explanation of
Topic 3 to 6

Today the class was based on the discussion and sharing on topic
3, 4, 5 and 6. Regarding leader and follower relationship, professor
stated that leader as a unit should lend hands to solve any problems
raise in our organization. A leader should work together with the
followers and his or her instructions should clear and understandable.

The relationship should be as in in-group where the followers have
good bonding with the leader and accept the leader’s leadership. The
out-group relationship which is task-oriented results to low trust.

Continuing with bureaucracy, it was stated that bureaucracy is
important in order to maintain harmony in an organization. I learn that
crony has its own benefit in on organization. Crony is needed as a
representative to deliver leader’s thoughts to the followers.

I had clear information on types of followers from the explanation
delivered by professor. I found to be in passive category and need to
work towards being an effective leader. I need to be pro active, must
be loyal, committed, and need to generate new ideas for
organizational benefits.

Empowerment is needed in organization to raise more leaders. I
learnt that I need to provide my followers with essential information,
leave them to make their own decision and taking ownership of their
work.

Level 5 Leadership
Authentic Leadership

Group 7 and 8 presented their topic today. Level 5 indicates 5
level in hierarchy which starts from being a highly capable individual
(contribute to productivity of the organization), contributing team
member (contributes to the achievement of group objectives),
competent manager (contribute to pursue pre-determined objectives),
effective leaders (pursuit clear and compelling vision) and finally as an
executive (dive people to produce sustainable results). When you know
you need to make decision you should ‘act’.

It takes time and effort to become a Level 5 Leader. But the good
news is that it can be done, especially if we have the passion to try. It is
important to realize that we don't have to progress through each level
in turn in order to get to Level 5. But we do need the capabilities found
in each level in order to achieve Level 5 status.

Comparison between authentic and traditional leadership was
made to give clear explanation about authentic leadership. It was
stated that authentic leaders leads with purpose, values, principles and
heart. They cultivate long term leadership. In order to be an authentic
leader, I need to lead by demonstrating excellence through self
discipline.

Authentic leadership will promote better relationship, higher level
of trust, great productivity and more positive work environment.

Assessment of Personal Leadership
Development
Performance Leadership

From today’s session it was clear that it is important for a leader to
assessment his leadership in order to evaluate personal development
and improve leadership of the employee as well. Leadership assessment
is needed to select capable leaders for supervisory and managerial
positions by evaluating candidate’s traits to measure their fit for positions
of authority. The presenters gave clear explanation by providing
relatable examples of assessments being used in education field.

Based on the study I made to prepare for our topic, Performance
leadership, I found that it is aiding a leader to sustain in this competitive
world. Idea of leading employee’s performance will be the focus of the
management in performance leadership. It is a synthesis which include
skill, behaviours and strategies vison of the leader. It is also implying
result-oriented approach to manage high performing organization,
team and individual. Systematic development at each level of an
organization is necessary in order to achieve maximum capability. I
need to focus on the skills on a performance leader to upgrade myself
to enjoy the benefits listed for performance leadership.

As today is the last day of this course, Professor had wrap up every
important details about leadership. There was also a discussion in
comparing basic of leadership, charismatic leadership and
transformational leadership.