แผนการจัดการเรียนรู้ ม.2

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‡√◊ËÕß Œ’‚√à  “«∑âÕß·°à æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’™à«¬®—∫‚®√™‘ß√∂

™◊ËÕ ¡“™‘° 4. ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ
1. ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ 5. ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ
2. ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ
3. ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ

§”™’È·®ß „Àâπ—°‡√’¬π·∫àß°≈àÿ¡ °≈àÿ¡≈– 5 §π √à«¡°—π»÷°…“°√≥’ Œ’‚√à  “«∑âÕß·°à æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’™à«¬®—∫‚®√™‘ß√∂
·≈–Õ¿‘ª√“¬µ“¡ª√–‡¥ÁπµàÕ‰ªπ’È

‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 4  .§. 53 ∑’˺à“π¡“ ¡’§π√⓬ Õߧπ„™âÕ“«ÿ∏¡’¥®’È™‘ß√∂¬πµå‚µ‚¬µâ“øÕ√実π‡πÕ√å
 ’∫√Õπ´å‡∑“ À¡“¬‡≈¢∑–‡∫’¬π ¨«-1812 °∑¡. ¢Õß π.Õ.À≠‘ß Õ—ß§≥“ ∫≥ÿ ¬ß§å Õ“¬ÿ 54 ªï ∑À“√‡√◊ÕπÕ°√“™°“√
‰ª®“°≈“π®Õ¥√∂Àâ“߇∑ ‚°â‚≈µ—   “¢“∫“ß·§ √–À«à“ßπ—Èπ‰¥â¡’ π. .∏‘µ‘¡“ ¬ÿ√“«√√≥ Õ“¬ÿ 33 ªï À≠‘ßµ—Èߧ√√¿å
9 ‡¥◊Õπ ·≈–¡’°”Àπ¥§≈Õ¥„π«—π∑’Ë 5  .§. ¢—∫√∂‡°ãߌÕπ¥â“´‘µ’È  ’¥” ºà“π¡“ª√– ∫‡ÀµÿæÕ¥’®÷ß·®âß
µ”√«® 191 ·≈–«∑‘ ¬ÿ ® .100 „À™â «à ¬ °¥— ®∫— æ√Õâ ¡∑ß—È ¢∫— √∂µ“¡√∂¬πµøå Õ√®å πŸ ‡πÕ√∑å ∂’Ë °Ÿ ‚®√°√√¡‰ªµ≈Õ¥∑“ß
‡æ◊ËÕ§Õ¬∫Õ°‡ âπ∑“߇®â“Àπâ“∑’˵≈Õ¥‡«≈“ °√–∑—Ëß𔉪 Ÿà°“√®—∫°ÿ¡§π√⓬‰¥â„π∑’Ë ÿ¥π—È𠇮â“Àπâ“∑’˵”√«®
‰¥â°√–®“¬°”≈—ß °—¥®—∫µ“¡®ÿ¥µà“ß Ê ®π “¡“√∂ °—¥®—∫√∂§—π¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â ∑’ËÀπ⓪“°´Õ¬µ≈“¥ ‘π‡π√¡‘µ
∂ππ‡»√…∞°‘® ·¢«ß∫“ß·§‡Àπ◊Õ ‡¢µ∫“ß·§ °√ÿ߇∑æœ ‚¥¬ ®. .µ.«‘√—µ™—¬ π”√∂ “¬µ√«®¢«“ßÀπâ“√∂
§—π¥—ß°≈à“« æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß∫Õ°„Àâ§π√⓬ §◊Õ π“¬«√«ÿ≤‘ À√◊Õ·∫ߧå ß“¡µ√ß ·≈–π“¬∏”√ߧå À√◊Õ‡µâ¬ ∑ÕßÕ‘π∑√å
≈ß®“°√∂¡“¡Õ∫µ—« ·µà§π√⓬‰¡àøíß°≈—∫∂Õ¬√∂¡“™π°—∫√∂¬πµå¢Õß æ.µ.∑.≥—∞«—  ´÷Ë߮ե¢«“ßÕ¬àŸ
®. .µ.«‘√—µ™—¬ ®÷ß„™âªóπ¬‘ß °—¥‡¢â“∑’ˬ“ßÀπâ“¥â“π´â“¬¢Õß√∂ 1 π—¥ ·µà§π√⓬¬—ߧß欓¬“¡¢—∫√∂Àπ’
æ.µ.∑.≥—∞«—  ®÷ß„™âÕ“«ÿ∏ªóπ¬‘ß °—¥‡¢â“∑’˪√–µŸÀπâ“√∂Ωíòߧπ¢—∫Õ’° 1 π—¥  ÿ¥∑⓬§π√⓬®÷߬ա¡Õ∫µ—«°—∫
‡®â“Àπâ“∑’˵”√«®

®“°°“√ Õ∫ «π π.Õ.À≠‘ß Õ—ß§≥“ ‡®â“¢Õß√∂„Àâ°“√«à“ ¢≥–„™â°ÿ≠·®√’‚¡µ‡ªî¥ª√–µŸ 𓬫√«≤ÿ ‘
‰¥â·Õ∫‡ªî¥ª√–µŸ√∂¥â“πÀπâ“¢â“ߧπ¢—∫¢÷Èπ‰ªÀ≈∫Õ¬àŸ„πµ—«√∂ ‡¡◊ËÕµπ¡“‡ªî¥ª√–µŸ·≈– µ“√å∑√∂ ®÷ßÀ—π‰ª‡ÀÁπ
𓬫√«ÿ≤‘„™â¡’¥æ°®’È·≈–∫—ߧ—∫„À⢗∫√∂ÕÕ°‰ª æ√âÕ¡∑—ÈߢŸàÀâ“¡ à߇ ’¬ß¥—ß ‚¥¬‡∏Õ‰¥â√âÕߢՙ’«‘µ‚¥¬∫Õ°‰ª
«à“¡’≈°Ÿ ™“¬Õ“¬ÿ√ÿàπ√“«§√“«‡¥’¬«°—π ®–‡Õ“Õ–‰√°Á‡Õ“‰ª·µà¢Õ™’«‘µ‰«â ‡®√®“Õ¬Ÿàª√–¡“≥ 5 π“∑’ ‡¡◊ËÕ ∫‚Õ°“ 
®÷߇ªî¥ª√–µŸæÿàßÀπ’ÕÕ°¡“ ®“°π—Èπ®÷ß«‘Ë߉ª¢«“ßÀπâ“√∂ ·≈–µ–‚°π√âÕߢէ«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ ¥ÿ ™’«‘µ §π√⓬‡ÀÁπ
∑à“‰¡à¥’®÷ß°√–‚®π¡“Ωíòߧπ¢—∫ ·≈–√’∫ÕÕ°√∂À≈∫À𒉪 ´÷Ëß„π®—ßÀ«–∑’˺⟇§√“–Àå√⓬¢Õ§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬àŸπ—Èπ

·ºπ°“√®—¥°®‘ °√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈—° µŸ √·°π°≈“ß°“√»°÷ …“¢—ÈπæÈπ◊ ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»—°√“™ 2551

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(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 93 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

π. .∏‘µ‘¡“ ‰¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß®÷ߢ—∫√∂‡¢“¡“ Õ∫∂“¡ æ√âÕ¡∑—ÈߢՇ≈¢∑–‡∫’¬π√∂¢Õßµπ ®“°π—Èπ®÷ߢ—∫√∂µ‘¥µ“¡
§π√⓬‰ª ‚¥¬√–À«à“ß∑“ß π. .∏‘µ‘¡“ ‰¥â‚∑√»—æ∑åª√– “π‡®â“Àπâ“∑’˵”√«®·≈–«‘∑¬ÿ ® .100 ‡æ◊Ëՙ૬µ‘¥µ“¡
 °—¥®—∫ ‚¥¬ π. .∏‘µ‘¡“ ¢—∫√∂¡“®π‡®Õ√∂§—π¥—ß°≈à“« ∫√‘‡«≥∂ππæÿ∑∏¡≥±≈  “¬ 1 ®÷ߢ—∫µ‘¥µ“¡‰ª
®π°√–∑—Ë߉ª§≈“¥°—π∑’ËÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π‡»√…∞°‘® ¥â“π§π√⓬∑’Ë≈ß¡◊Õ°àÕ‡Àµÿ§√—Èßπ’È π“¬«√«ÿ≤‘„Àâ°“√√—∫ “√¿“æ«à“
√—∫„∫ —Ëß¡“®“°π“¬™—¬ ´÷Ë߇ªî¥ÕàŸ´àÕ¡√∂∫—ßÀπâ“ ‚¥¬„Àâ‡ß‘πµÕ∫·∑π 50,000 ∫“∑ ´÷Ëßµπ‰¥âµ‘¥µ“¡
√∂§—π¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ‡«≈“°«à“ 1  —ª¥“Àå·≈â« ‚¥¬‰¥â§à“®â“ß®“°°“√¥Ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’Ë®–¢‚¡¬√“§“§—π≈– 1,000 ∫“∑
(∑’Ë¡“ : ¢à“« ¥ÕÕπ‰≈πå www.khaosod.co.th)

1. ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ ∂â“π—°‡√’¬π‡ªìπºŸâæ∫‡ÀÁπ ®–™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
1.1 À“°™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®–‡°‘¥º≈¥’/º≈‡ ’¬Õ¬à“߉√

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1.2 À“°‰¡à™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®–‡°‘¥º≈¥’/º≈‡ ’¬Õ¬à“߉√
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2. π—°‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ÷°Õ¬à“߉√°—∫惵‘°√√¡°“√™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¢ÕßÀ≠‘ß∑âÕß·°à§ππ—Èπ
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·ºπ°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»°÷ …“¢πÈ— æ◊Èπ∞“π æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2551

94 ™πÈ— ¡∏— ¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑Ë’ 2

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„∫§«“¡√Ÿâ

‡√◊ËÕß πÈ”„®

§«“¡¡’πÈ”„® À¡“¬∂÷ß §ÿ≥≈—°…≥–®‘µ„®·≈–惵‘°√√¡∑’Ë· ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ߧ«“¡√⟠÷°∑’Ë¥’ ∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈
°√–∑”‡æ◊ËÕºŸâÕ◊Ëπ·≈– —ߧ¡

惵‘°√√¡∑’Ë· ¥ß∂÷ߧ«“¡¡’πÈ”„® ‰¥â·°à

- °“√™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ
- °“√ª≈Õ∫‚¬πÀ√◊Õ„Àâ°”≈—ß„®
- °“√· ¥ß§«“¡‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√
- °“√™◊Ëπ™¡¬‘𥒄𧫓¡¥’ß“¡¢ÕߺâŸÕ◊Ëπ
- °“√‰¡à‡∫’¬¥‡∫’¬πµπ·≈–ºâŸÕ◊Ëπ
°“√· ¥ß§«“¡¡’πÈ”„®π’È ∑”„À⠗ߧ¡Õ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ ·≈–‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ß·√ß®Ÿß„®„Àâ∫ÿ§§≈
°√–∑”§«“¡¥’ß“¡π’ȵàÕ‰ª ∑”„À⇪ìπ§π¡’§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß —ߧ¡

∑’Ë¡“ : °“√»÷°…“πÕ°‚√߇√’¬π, °√¡. §àŸ¡◊Õ°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡ √‘¡ √â“ߧÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡.
°√ßÿ ‡∑æœ : °Õßæ—≤π“°“√»÷°…“πÕ°‚√߇√’¬π, 2544.

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok ·ºπ°“√®—¥°®‘ °√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈—° Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢πÈ— æ◊Èπ∞“π æÿ∑∏»°— √“™ 2551

™—Èπ¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ª∑ï Ë’ 2 95

95 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

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‡√◊ËÕß ®‘µÕ“ “

 ¡“™‘°°≈àÿ¡
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„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π√à«¡°—𧑥«à“®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘°‘®°√√¡Õ–‰√‡æ◊ËÕºŸâÕ◊Ëπ·≈– —ߧ¡„π«—πÀ¬ÿ¥ —ª¥“Àåπ’È
·≈⫉ªªØ‘∫—µ‘‚¥¬∫—π∑÷°µ“¡À—«¢âÕµàÕ‰ªπ’È

1. °‘®°√√¡∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘ .................................................................................................................
2.  ∂“π∑’Ë∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘°‘®°√√¡.......................................................................................................
3. «—𠇫≈“ ∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘.................................................................................................................
4. º≈¢Õß°“√ªØ∫‘ µ— ‡‘ ªπì Õ¬“à ߉√..................................................................................................

4.1 º≈∑’˪√“°ØµàÕºŸâÕ◊Ëπ......................................................................................................
4.2 º≈∑’˪√“°ØµàÕµπ‡Õß...................................................................................................

·ºπ°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢È—πæπÈ◊ ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»°— √“™ 2551

96 ™πÈ— ¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑Ë’ 2

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 96 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

‡√ÕË◊ ß ª≈Õ¥¿¬— Õ∫“¬¡¢ÿ

‡«≈“ 3 ™—Ë«‚¡ß

1.  “√– ”§—≠

Õ∫“¬¡¢ÿ §◊Õ Àπ∑“ß·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à ‡ æ¢Õß¡÷π‡¡“ ‡∑’ˬ«°≈“ߧ◊π¥Ÿ°“√≈–‡≈àπ∑’Ë¡’‚∑…
µ‘¥°“√æπ—π §∫§π™—Ë«‡ªìπ¡‘µ√ ·≈–‡°’¬®§√â“π°“√∑”ß“π ´÷Ëß°“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ ®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–µâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘µπ
‡æ◊ËÕ√Õ¥æâπ®“°Àπ∑“ß·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡‡À≈à“π’È

2. ®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å™—Èπªï

®¥ÿ ª√– ß§å™—Èπªï 3.4.7 ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‡æ◊ËÕ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ ·≈–ª≈Õ¥¿—¬®“°Õ∫“¬¡¢ÿ

3. ®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ

3.1 µ√–Àπ—°„π§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß°“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’
3.2 ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‡æ◊ËÕ√Õ¥æâπ®“°Àπ∑“ß·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡

4. °‘®°√√¡°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ

™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 1
4.1 ™«π§ÿ¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ °“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ ¡’§ÿ≥§à“µàÕµπ‡Õß  —ߧ¡ ·≈–
ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘Õ¬à“߉√ ´÷Ëߧ”µÕ∫¢Õß°“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ §◊Õ °“√ª≈Õ¥¿—¬®“°Õ∫“¬¡ÿ¢∑—Èß 6 Õ—π ®– àߺ≈
„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π‡ªìπ§π∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ À“°∑ÿ°§π„π —ߧ¡‡ªìπ§π¡’§ÿ≥¿“栗ߧ¡°Á®–‡¢â¡·¢Áß ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘
°Á®–‡¢â¡·¢Áß
4.2 √à«¡°—π √ÿª«à“ °“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’π—°‡√’¬πµâÕß√⟰“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ√Õ¥æâπ®“°Àπ∑“ß
·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬
4.3 π—°‡√’¬π‡ªìπ 6 °≈àÿ¡ „Àâ∑”„∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ∫“¬¡¢ÿ °≈àÿ¡≈– 1 ª√–‡¥Áπ ®“° 6 ª√–‡¥Áπ
µàÕ‰ªπ’È

1. ‡ æ¢Õß¡÷π‡¡“
2. ‡∑’ˬ«°≈“ߧ◊π
3. ¥Ÿ°“√≈–‡≈àπ∑’ˇªìπ‚∑…

·ºπ°“√®¥— °®‘ °√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»°÷ …“¢πÈ— æ◊πÈ ∞“π æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2551

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(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 97 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

4. µ‘¥°“√æπ—π
5. §∫§π™—Ë«‡ªìπ¡‘µ√
6. ‡°’¬®§√â“π°“√∑”ß“π
™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 2
4.4 ∑∫∑«π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘„∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ∫“¬¡¢ÿ
4.5 ®—¥°‘®°√√¡·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ‡√’¬π√⟠‚¥¬·µà≈–°≈ÿà¡ àߧπ 5 §π ‰ª‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®“°°≈àÿ¡Õ◊Ëπ°≈àÿ¡≈–§π
 ¡“™‘°∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ®–‡ªìπºâŸÕ∏‘∫“¬·°àºâŸ∑’Ë¡“»÷°…“‡√’¬π√âŸ∑’Ë°≈àÿ¡µπ
4.6 ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√’¬π√⟷≈â«„Àâ°≈—∫¡“‡≈à“ àŸ°—πøíß„π°≈ÿࡇ¥‘¡¢Õßµπ ‚¥¬∑ÿ°§π∫—π∑÷°°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑—Èß
6 ª√–‡¥Áπ ≈ß„π ¡¥ÿ °‘®°√√¡·π–·π«
™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 3
4.7 ∑∫∑«π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ√Õ¥æâπ®“°Àπ∑“ß·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡∑—Èß 6
4.8 „Àâπ—°‡√’¬π·µà≈–§π ‡≈◊Õ°«‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—πµ“¡∫—π∑÷°„π„∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß √Õ¥æâπ
Àπ∑“߇ ◊ËÕ¡
4.9 √à«¡°—π √ÿª«à“ °“√¡’™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ §◊Õ °“√ª≈Õ¥¿—¬®“°Õ∫“¬¡ÿ¢∑—Èß 6 «‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡
∑’Ëπ—°‡√’¬π√–∫‰ÿ «â §«√¡’°“√𔉪ªØ‘∫—µ‘„π™’«‘µ®√‘ß

5.  ◊ËÕ/Õÿª°√≥å/·À≈à߇√’¬π√Ÿâ

5.1 ∫ÿ§§≈∑’ËÕ“®‡ªìπæ√– ß¶åÀ√◊Õ¶“√«“ 
5.2 ÀâÕß —ߧ¡»÷°…“ «—¥ Õ‘π‡∑Õ√å‡πÁµ
5.3 „∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ∫“¬¡¢ÿ
5.4 „∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß √Õ¥æâπÀπ∑“߇ ◊ËÕ¡

6. °“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈

6.1 «‘∏’ª√–‡¡‘π
- µ√«®„∫ß“π
-  √ªÿ √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π√“¬∫§ÿ §≈

6.2 ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õª√–‡¡‘π
- ·∫∫∫—π∑÷°√–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π√“¬∫ÿ§§≈

·ºπ°“√®¥— °‘®°√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈—° Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢πÈ— æ◊πÈ ∞“π æÿ∑∏»°— √“™ 2551

98 ™Èπ— ¡∏— ¬¡»°÷ …“ªï∑’Ë 2

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 98 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

6.3 ‡°≥±å°“√ª√–‡¡‘π

6.3.1 „∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ∫“¬¡¢ÿ

√–∫«ÿ ‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß ¡∫√Ÿ ≥å √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ ¥’

√–∫ÿ«‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‰¥â§àÕπ¢â“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å √–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ æÕ„™â

√–∫ÿ«‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥â √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ ª√—∫ª√ÿß

6.3.2 „∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß √Õ¥æâπÀπ∑“߇ ◊ËÕ¡

√–∫‰ÿ ¥â 5-6 ª√–‡¥Áπ √–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ ¥’

√–∫‰ÿ ¥â 3-4 ª√–‡¥Áπ √–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ æÕ„™â

√–∫ÿπâÕ¬°«à“ 3 ª√–‡¥Áπ √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ ª√—∫ª√ßÿ

7. ·À≈àß»÷°…“§âπ§«â“‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ ”À√—∫§√Ÿ

-

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok ·ºπ°“√®¥— °‘®°√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈—° Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»°÷ …“¢π—È æπ◊È ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»°— √“™ 2551

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99 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

·∫∫∫—π∑÷°√–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π√“¬∫ÿ§§≈

§”™’È·®ß ∫—π∑÷°√–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π ≈ß„π™àÕß·≈â« √ªÿ √–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“浓¡‡°≥±å

‡≈¢∑’Ë ™◊ËÕ- °ÿ≈ √–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ß“π

 √ÿª√–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ
ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ∫“¬¡ÿ¢ √Õ¥æâπÀπ∑“߇ ◊ËÕ¡

‡°≥±å°“√æ‘®“√≥“ √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ ¥’
√–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ æÕ„™â
¥’ 2 „∫ß“π √–¥—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ ª√—∫ª√ßÿ
¡’ ¥’·≈–æÕ„™â‡∑à“π—Èπ
¡’ ª√—∫ª√ßÿ

·ºπ°“√®—¥°®‘ °√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈—° µŸ √·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢πÈ— æπ◊È ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»—°√“™ 2551

100 ™πÈ— ¡—∏¬¡»°÷ …“ª∑ï ’Ë 2

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 100 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

㺧ҹ

‡√◊ËÕß ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ∫“¬¡ÿ¢

 ¡“™‘°°≈àÿ¡
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4. ™◊ËÕ..............................................................................™—Èπ....................................................
5. ™◊ËÕ..............................................................................™—Èπ....................................................
6. ™◊ËÕ..............................................................................™—Èπ....................................................
7. ™◊ËÕ..............................................................................™—Èπ....................................................
8. ™◊ËÕ..............................................................................™—Èπ....................................................

„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π™à«¬°—π√–∫ÿ«‘∏’ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ√Õ¥æâπ®“°Àπ∑“ß·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡ (Õ∫“¬¡ÿ¢)
µ“¡ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬

ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡Õ∫À¡“¬ §◊Õ....................................................................................................
«‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ√Õ¥æâπ®“°............................................................................................
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(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok ·ºπ°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢πÈ— æ◊Èπ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»°— √“™ 2551

™πÈ— ¡∏— ¬¡»°÷ …“ªï∑Ë’ 2 101

101 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

㺧ҹ

‡√◊ËÕß √Õ¥æâπÀπ∑“߇ ◊ËÕ¡

™◊ËÕ................................................................................................™—Èπ........................................................
„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π‡≈◊Õ°«‘∏’ªØ‘∫—µ‘®“°°“√‡√’¬π√⟄π™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 2 ‡©æ“–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—∫µπ‡Õß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ√Õ¥æâπ

®“°Àπ∑“ß·Ààߧ«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡∑—Èß 6 ª√–‡¥Áπ

∑’Ë ª√–‡¥Áπ «‘∏’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡
1 ‡ æ¢Õß¡÷π‡¡“

2 ‡∑’ˬ«°≈“ߧ◊π

3 ¥Ÿ°“√≈–‡≈àπ∑’ˇªìπ‚∑…

4 µ‘¥°“√æπ—π

5 §∫§π™—Ë«‡ªìπ¡‘µ√

6 ‡°’¬®§√â“π°“√∑”ß“π

·ºπ°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  µŸ √·°π°≈“ß°“√»°÷ …“¢—πÈ æπÈ◊ ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»°— √“™ 2551

102 ™È—π¡∏— ¬¡»÷°…“ª∑ï ’Ë 2

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 102 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

‡√ËÕ◊ ß ‡æÕË◊ πµ“à ߇æ»

‡«≈“ 3 ™—Ë«‚¡ß

1.  “√– ”§—≠

°“√ √â“ß —¡æ—π∏¿“æ∑’Ë¥’°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπµà“ß‡æ» ¡’§«“¡µà“ß®“°‡æ◊ËÕπ‡æ»‡¥’¬«°—π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
惵‘°√√¡∑’˪ؑ∫—µ‘µàÕ°—π∑’Ë¢—¥°—∫«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬·≈–≈àÕ·À≈¡µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥ªí≠À“∑“ß‡æ» ‡π◊ËÕß®“°π—°‡√’¬π
Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß¢Õß«—¬√ÿàπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡À«—Ëπ‰À«ßà“¬ ¢“¥§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ„πµπ‡Õß °“√‡√’¬π√âŸ∫∑∫“∑∑“߇æ»∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡
®÷߇ªì𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕ߇√’¬π√âŸ

2. ®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å™—Èπªï

®¥ÿ ª√– ß§å™—Èπªï 3.4.8 · ¥ß惵‘°√√¡µàՇ滵√ߢⓡլà“߇À¡“– ¡

3. ®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ

3.1 µ√–Àπ—°„π«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ—«µàՇ滵√ߢⓡ
3.2 ∫հ惵‘°√√¡∑’˧«√·≈–‰¡à§«√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µàՇ滵√ߢⓡ
3.3 · ¥ß惵‘°√√¡µàՇ滵√ߢⓡլà“߇À¡“– ¡°—∫«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬

4. °‘®°√√¡°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ

™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 1
4.1 ™«π π∑𓇰’ˬ«°—∫ªí≠À“¢Õß«—¬√àÿπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫‡√◊ËÕ߇æ»∑’Ëπ—°‡√’¬πæ∫‡ÀÁπ ´÷Ëßπà“®–‰¥â·°à
°“√µ—Èߧ√√¿å„π«—¬‡√’¬π °“√¡—Ë« ¡ÿ °“√‰¡à√—°π«≈ ß«πµ—«¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß °“√∂°Ÿ ‡æ◊ËÕ𙓬≈–‡¡‘¥∑“߇æ»
4.2 µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π‡°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡¢Õß«—¬√àÿπµàÕ‡æ◊ËÕπµà“ß‡æ» ‚¥¬ª√–‡¥Áπ
„ÀâÕ¿‘ª√“¬«à“√⟠÷°Õ¬à“߉√µàÕª√–‡¥Áππ—Èπ Ê æ√âÕ¡‡Àµºÿ ≈∑’Ë√⟠÷°™◊Ëπ™¡

µ—«Õ¬à“ߪ√–‡¥Áπ
- π—°‡√’¬π™“¬‡¥‘π°Õ¥§Õπ—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß«—¬‡¥’¬«°—π
- π—°‡√’¬π™“¬À≠‘ßπ—ËßÕ¬àŸ„π∑’Ë≈—∫µ“§π ÕßµàÕ Õß
- π—°‡√’¬π™“¬À≠‘ßπ—ËߥŸ¿“æ¬πµ√å≈“¡°
- π—°‡√’¬π™“¬À≠‘߇∑’ˬ« ∂“π∫—π‡∑‘ß„π‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π
- π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π™“¬¡“§â“ߧ◊π‡ªìπ‡æ◊ËÕπ∑’Ë∫â“π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°æàÕ·¡à‰ªµà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥

·ºπ°“√®—¥°®‘ °√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  µŸ √·°π°≈“ß°“√»°÷ …“¢Èπ— æ◊πÈ ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»°— √“™ 2551

™π—È ¡∏— ¬¡»÷°…“ª∑ï Ë’ 2 103

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 103 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

4.3 √à«¡°—π √ÿª«à“惵‘°√√¡‡¥’¬«°—π §π∑’ˇÀÁπÕ“®¡’§«“¡√⟠÷°‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—πµ“¡°“√Õ∫√¡
‡≈’ȬߥŸ ´÷Ë߉¡à¡’„§√º‘¥ ·µà ”À√—∫§π‰∑¬æƒµ‘°√√¡∫“ßÕ¬à“߇√“¡’°µ‘°“ —ߧ¡∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬

™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 2
4.4 ∑∫∑«π¢âÕ √ÿª„π™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 1
4.5 π—°‡√’¬π‡¢â“°≈àÿ¡ °≈àÿ¡≈– 5 §π ‡ªìπ‡æ»‡¥’¬«°—π Õ¿‘ª√“¬√à«¡°—π¿“¬„π°≈ÿà¡«à“π—°‡√’¬π
®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µàՇ滵√ߢⓡլà“߉√ ®÷ß®–‡À¡“– ¡°—∫«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬·≈–¡’ —¡æ—π∏¿“æ∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°—π ∫—π∑÷°„π
„∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕπµà“ß‡æ» ‚¥¬„À⇫≈“»÷°…“§âπ§«â“ 1  —ª¥“Àå ‡æ◊ËÕ𔇠πÕ„π™—Ë«‚¡ßµàÕ‰ª
™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 3
4.6  Õ∫∂“¡°“√‰ª»÷°…“ §âπ§«â“ ·≈–Õ¿‘ª√“¬√à«¡°—π‡æ◊ËÕ∫—π∑÷°„π„∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕπµà“߇æ»
4.7 „Àâ°≈ÿà¡π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß𔇠πÕ°àÕπ®π§√∫∑ÿ°°≈àÿ¡ ·≈â«„Àâ°≈àÿ¡π—°‡√’¬π™“¬‡ √‘¡∂⓬—߉¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ°≈ÿà¡π—°‡√’¬π™“¬‡ πÕ°Á„Àâ°≈ÿà¡π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘߇ √‘¡„π≈—°…≥–‡¥’¬«°—π
(°√≥’‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π™“¬À√◊ÕÀ≠‘ß≈â«π „Àâ ¡¡ÿµ‘«à“§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ë߇ªìππ—°‡√’¬π™“¬À√◊Õπ—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß)
4.8 „Àâπ—°‡√’¬π∑ÿ°§π∫—π∑÷°æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπµàÕ‡æ»∑’˵√ߢⓡ°—∫§π≈ß„π ¡ÿ¥°‘®°√√¡
·π–·π«

5.  ◊ËÕ/Õÿª°√≥å/·À≈à߇√’¬π√Ÿâ

5.1 „∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕπµà“߇æ»
5.2 ∫ÿ§§≈∑—Èß¿“¬„π·≈–¿“¬πÕ°‚√߇√’¬π
5.3 ÀâÕß·π–·π« ÀâÕß ¡¥ÿ Õ‘π‡∑Õ√å‡πÁµ

6. °“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈

6.1 «‘∏’ª√–‡¡‘π
µ√«®„∫ß“π

6.2 ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õª√–‡¡‘π
-

6.3 ‡°≥±å°“√ª√–‡¡‘π
„∫ß“π ‡√◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕπµà“߇æ»
√–∫ÿ‰¥â 6 惵‘°√√¡¢÷Èπ‰ª √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ ¥’
√–∫ÿ‰¥â 3-5 惵‘°√√¡ √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ æÕ„™â
√–∫‰ÿ ¥âµË”°«à“ 3 惵‘°√√¡ √–¥—∫§≥ÿ ¿“æ ª√—∫ª√ßÿ

7. ·À≈àß»÷°…“§âπ§«â“‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡ ”À√—∫§√Ÿ

-

·ºπ°“√®—¥°‘®°√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢π—È æπ◊È ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»°— √“™ 2551

104 ™—Èπ¡—∏¬¡»°÷ …“ªï∑Ë’ 2

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 104 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

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‡√◊ËÕß ‡æ◊ËÕπµà“߇æ»

 ¡“™‘°°≈àÿ¡
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„Àπâ °— ‡√¬’ π»°÷ …“§πâ §«“â ·≈–Õ¿ª‘ √“¬√«à ¡°π— „π°≈¡ÿà «“à π°— ‡√¬’ π®–ªØ∫‘ µ— µ‘ Õà ‡æÕ◊Ë π‡æ»µ√ߢ“â ¡Õ¬“à ߉√
®÷ß®–‡À¡“– ¡°—∫«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬·≈–¡’ —¡æ—π∏¿“æ∑’Ë¥’µàÕ°—π

惵‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µπµàÕ‡æ◊ËÕπµà“߇æ»

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(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok ·ºπ°“√®—¥°®‘ °√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π æ∑ÿ ∏»—°√“™ 2551

™πÈ— ¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ª∑ï ’Ë 2 105

105 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

§≥–º®âŸ —¥∑”

∑’˪√÷°…“ ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π
√Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√»÷°…“¢—Èπæ◊Èπ∞“π
𓬙‘π¿—∑√ ¿Ÿ¡‘√—µπ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“
π“߇∫≠®≈—°…≥å πÈ”øÑ“
π“ß “««’≥“ Õ—§√∏√√¡

§≥–∑”ß“π®—¥∑”¬°√à“߇հ “√ ºâŸÕ”𫬰“√ ”π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“
√ÕߺŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“
π“ß “««’≥“ Õ—§√∏√√¡ »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å‡™’ˬ«™“≠ ¢â“√“™°“√∫”π“≠
π“ß∏π‘¡“ ‡®√‘≠ ¢ÿ ¢â“√“™°“√∫”π“≠
π“ß«—≤π“ §≈àÕߥ’ ¢â“√“™°“√∫”π“≠
π“ß«‘≈“«—≈¬å æ—«»‘√‘ ¢â“√“™°“√∫”π“≠
π“ß¿“≥’ §ß¬–ƒ∑∏‘Ï »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å™”π“≠°“√摇»…  æ¡. ‡¢µ 5
π“¬∏’√–«—≤πå ™—¬¬∑ÿ ∏¬√√¬ß »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å™”π“≠°“√摇»…  æª.≈æ∫ÿ√’ ‡¢µ 1
π“ߪ√“πÕ¡ ª√–∑’ª∑«’ »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å™”π“≠°“√摇»…  æª. ‘ßÀå∫√ÿ ’
π“ß “« ¡æ‘» «ß…å·À¬¡ »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å™”π“≠°“√摇»…  æª.π§√√“™ ’¡“ ‡¢µ 7
π“ß “« √√‡ √‘≠  ÿ«√√≥å §√‚Ÿ √߇√’¬π«—¥∏√√¡‘°“√“¡  æª.≈æ∫ÿ√’ ‡¢µ 1
𓬇°√’¬ß»—°¥‘Ï §—¡¿‘√“ §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬πÕπÿ∫“≈∑—æ∑—π  æª.Õ∑ÿ —¬∏“π’ ‡¢µ 1
π“ß “«·πàßπâÕ¬ §≈⓬∑Õß §√‚Ÿ √߇√’¬π∫â“ππÈ”√Õ¬  æª.Õÿ∑—¬∏“π’ ‡¢µ 2
π“ß√–‡∫’¬∫ ·°â««√ µŸ √ §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π™ÿ¡™π«—¥æ√–ª√“ߧ嫑√‘¬«‘∑¬“  æª. ‘ßÀå∫√ÿ ’
π“ß “«∑‘æ«—≈¬å æ≈Ÿ  “√‘°‘® §√‚Ÿ √߇√’¬π«—¥æ√À¡ “§√  æª. ‘ßÀå∫√ÿ ’
π“ߪ√–∑‘π ß“¡æ√âÕ¡ ºâŸÕ”𫬰“√‚√߇√’¬π∫â“π∑ÿàß¡–¢“¡  æª. ß¢≈“ ‡¢µ 2
π“ß ÿ¿“æ ·°â«∫—« §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π«‘‡™’¬√™¡  æª. ß¢≈“ ‡¢µ 2
𓬠¡æ√ ∑Õß»√’®—π∑√å §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π«—¥∫â“π∑àÿß «à“ß  æª.π§√√“™ ’¡“ ‡¢µ 7
π“ß¡≈ƒ¥’ ·°â«‡À¡◊Õπ §√‚Ÿ √߇√’¬π∫â“π‚§°À‘πŒ“ß  æª.π§√√“™ ’¡“ ‡¢µ 7
𓬇°√’¬ß»—°¥‘Ï ∑Õß»√’¡–µâπ
π“ß«√√≥»√’ «√√≥æ߻凮√‘≠

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(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 107 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM

§≥–∑”ß“π ª√—∫ª√ÿ߇հ “√ §√—Èß∑’Ë 1

π“ß “««’≥“ Õ—§√∏√√¡ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“

π“ß∏π‘¡“ ‡®√‘≠ ¢ÿ √ÕߺŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“

π“ß«—≤π“ §≈àÕߥ’ »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å‡™’ˬ«™“≠ ¢â“√“™°“√∫”π“≠

π“ߪ√“πÕ¡ ª√–∑’ª∑«’ »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å™”π“≠°“√摇»…  æ¡. ‡¢µ 5

π“ß “« ¡æ‘» «ß…å·À¬¡ »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å™”π“≠°“√摇»…  æª.≈æ∫√ÿ ’ ‡¢µ 1

π“ß “« √√‡ √‘≠  «ÿ √√≥å »÷°…“π‘‡∑»°å™”π“≠°“√摇»…  æª. ‘ßÀå∫√ÿ ’

π“ß “«√”®«π 𑙇ªïò¬¡ §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π«—¥¢àÕ¬  æª. ‘ßÀå∫√ÿ ’

π“ß°—≠À“ ‡Õ’ˬ¡≈–ÕÕ §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π«—¥æ√À¡ “§√  æª. ‘ßÀå∫√ÿ ’

π“ߪ√–∑‘π ß“¡æ√âÕ¡ §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π™¡ÿ ™π«—¥æ√–ª√“ߧ嫑√‘¬«‘∑¬“  æª. ‘ßÀå∫ÿ√’

π“ß «ÿ √√≥“ µ—Èßæ‘»‘…∞催∏‘π §√‚Ÿ √߇√’¬π‡¡◊Õß„À¡àœ  æª.≈æ∫√ÿ ’ ‡¢µ 1

π“ßπ—π∑π“ ∫ÿ≠§ÿ⡧√Õß §√‚Ÿ √߇√’¬π‡¡◊Õß„À¡àœ  æª.≈æ∫ÿ√’ ‡¢µ 1

π“ß®‘πµπ“ ·¬â¡¬‘È¡ §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π‡¡◊Õß„À¡àœ  æª.≈æ∫√ÿ ’ ‡¢µ 1

π“ß√—π∑¡ §”™“¡“ §√Ÿ‚√߇√’¬π‡¡◊Õß„À¡àœ  æª.≈æ∫ÿ√’ ‡¢µ 1

∫√√≥“∏‘°“√µâπ©∫—∫ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“
π—°«‘™“°“√»÷°…“™”π“≠°“√摇»…
π“ß “««’≥“ Õ—§√∏√√¡  ”π—°«‘™“°“√·≈–¡“µ√∞“π°“√»÷°…“
π“ß “«®’√–«√√≥ ªí°°—¥µ—ß

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·ºπ°“√®—¥°®‘ °√√¡·π–·π«µ“¡À≈°—  Ÿµ√·°π°≈“ß°“√»÷°…“¢πÈ— æπ◊È ∞“π æÿ∑∏»°— √“™ 2551

108 ™π—È ¡∏— ¬¡»°÷ …“ªï∑Ë’ 2

(3) ¡2 (78-108)ok 108 11/07/2013, 9:32 AM