LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING 2019

KEMENTERIAN
ALAM SEKITAR DAN AIR

Ministry of Environment and Water

ALalapmorSaenkKeluilainligti

EQnuvailriotynmReepnotartl



MAAiLLn iAAs tMMrKKy EEoSSfMMEEE nEEKKvNNIIi rTToTTAAnEEmRReRRnDDIIt AAAAa nNNNNd WAAaIItRRe r

Ministry of Environment and Water

ALlaapmorSaenkKeluilainligti

EQnuvailriotynmReepnotartl

Department of Environment, Malaysia

Copyright 2020 DOE

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from the Department of Environment, Malaysia

Edited by:
Publication Section
Strategic Communication Division
Department of Environment

Malaysia

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Tel : 03-8926 3808
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Kandungan

Content

BAB 1 | CHAPTER 1

KUALITI UDARA | AIR QUALITY
11 Pengawasan Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Monitoring
12 Status Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Status
22 Tren Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Trend

BAB 2 | CHAPTER 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI | RIVER WATER QUALITY
34 Program Pengawasan Kualiti Alam Sekitar /
The Environmental Quality Monitoring Programme (EQMP)
35 Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai / River Water Quality Monitoring
36 Status Kualiti Air Sungai / River Water Quality Status
59 Status Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Automatik /
Continuous River Water Quality Monitoring Status
62 Tren Pencemaran Air Sungai / Trend in River Water Pollution
65 Logam Berat Dalam Sungai / Heavy Metals in River
65 Kualiti Air Sungai Di Hulu Muka Sauk /
River Water Quality Upstream Water Intakes

BAB 3 | CHAPTER 3

KUALITI AIR TANAH | GROUNDWATER QUALITY
85 Pengawasan Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality Monitoring
88 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Kawasan Pertanian/
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Agriculture
90 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Bandar Dan Pinggir Bandar/
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Urban And Suburban
92 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Tapak Perindustrian /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Industrial Sites
94 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Tapak Pelupusan Sampah /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Ex-Solid Waste Landfills
96 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Padang Golf /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Golf Courses
98 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Luar Bandar /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Rural
99 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Bekas Lombong Emas/
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Ex-Mining (Gold Mine)

100 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Bekalan Air /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Water Supply

102 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Bangkai Haiwan /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Ex-Animal Burial Sites

104 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Akuakultur /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Aquaculture

105 Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Peranginan /
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Resort

107 Status Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality Status

BAB 4 | CHAPTER 4

KUALITI AIR MARIN DAN PULAU-PULAU | MARINE AND ISLAND MARINE
WATER QUALITY

115 Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin / Marine Water Quality Monitoring
120 Status Stesen-Stesen Kualiti Air Marin / Status of Marine Water Quality Station
125 Status Kualiti Air Marin Pantai / Coastal Water Quality Status
134 Status Kualiti Air Muara Sungai / Estuary Water Quality Status
139 Status Kualiti Air Marin Pulau / Island Marine Water Quality Status
150 Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Automatik/ Continuous Marine Water Quality

Monitoring

155 Perbandingan Indeks Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia (IKAMM) Versi 2012 & 2019 /
The Difference of Malaysian Marine Water Quality Index (MMWQI) Version 2012 &
2019

BAB 5 | CHAPTER 5

INVENTORI PUNCA PENCEMARAN | POLLUTION SOURCES INVENTORY
162 Pengiraan Beban Pencemaran / Pollution Load Calculation
162 Beban Pencemaran Air/ Water Pollution Load

169 Punca-Punca Pencemaran Udara / Sources of Air Pollution
171 Beban Pencemaran Pencemar Udara / Air Pollution Emission Load
175 Inventori Buangan Terjadual / Scheduled Waste Inventory

ANNEX

188 Standard Kualiti Air Negara / National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia
189 Kelas Air dan Penggunaan / Water Classes and Uses

190 Pengkelasan Kualiti Air berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air Jabatan Alam Sekitar/
Department of Environment Water Quality Classification Based on Water Quality
Index

190 Pengkelasan Indeks Kualiti Air Jabatan Alam Sekitar/
Department of Environment Water Quality Index Classification

190 Formula dan Pengiraan Indeks Kualiti Air/
Water Quality Index Formula and Calculation

191 Formula dan Pengiraan Indeks Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia/
Malaysian Marine Water Quality Index Formula and Calculation

192 Pengiraan Ammonia Tidak Terion / Unionized Ammonia Calculation
192 Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality Index

PRAKATA

FOREWORD

Saya amat berbesar hati untuk membentangkan It is my pleasure to present the Environmental
Laporan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 2019 seperti yang Quality Report 2019 as required under Section 3(1)(i)
dikehendaki di bawah Seksyen 3(1)(i) Akta Kualiti of the Environmental Quality Act 1974.
Alam Sekeliling 1974.

Berdasarkan Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU), kualiti Based on the Air Pollutant Index (API), the overall air
udara keseluruhan bagi Malaysia pada tahun 2019 quality for Malaysia in 2019 was at moderate levels
adalah berstatus sederhana pada kebanyakan masa. most of the time. Significant increase in API reading
Peningkatan IPU yang disebabkan oleh jerebu di was mainly due to local and transboundary haze
dalam dan di luar negara menyebabkan bilangan which had ascended the number of unhealthy days
hari yang tidak sihat meningkat pada tahun 2019 recorded in 2019 as compared to 2018.
dibandingkan dengan tahun 2018.

Kualiti air sungai yang ditentukan dari segi Indeks The river quality in terms of Water Quality Index
Kualiti Air (IKA) telah menunjukkan peningkatan (WQI) had shown an increase in 2019. Out of the 672
pada tahun 2019. Peratus bilangan sungai yang rivers monitored, 61% showed clean water quality in
dikategorikan sebagai bersih pada tahun 2019 adalah 2019. The percentage of slightly polluted rivers and
sebanyak 61% daripada 672 sungai yang diawasi. polluted rivers were 30% and 9% respectively.
Peratus bilangan sungai yang dikategorikan sebagai
sederhana tercemar adalah sebanyak 30%, manakala
peratus bilangan sungai yang dikategorikan sebagai
tecemar adalah sebanyak 9%.

Pada tahun 2019, kualiti air tanah menunjukkan The groundwater quality in 2019 has shown
pematuhan terhadap Standard Kualiti Air Tanah compliance with the Groundwater Quality Standards
Bagi Rawatan Air Mentah Secara Konvensional (Air for Conventional Raw Water Treatment (Drinking
Minuman) bagi semua parameter yang diawasi Water) excepts for arsenic (As), iron (Fe), manganese
kecuali parameter arsenic (As), mangan (Mn), (Mn), total coliform and phenolics which showed low
jumlah koliform, besi (Fe) dan sebatian fenol yang percentage of compliance.
mempunyai peratusan julat nilai pematuhan yang
rendah.

Dalam tahun 2019, daripada 368 stesen pengawasan In 2019, out of the 368 marine water quality
kualiti air marin bagi pantai, muara sungai dan pulau monitoring stations at coastal, estuary and islands
di negara ini, sebanyak 74 stesen adalah terbaik, in the country, 74 stations were excellent, 113 were
113 stesen baik, 166 stesen sederhana manakala 15 good, 166 were moderate while the remaining 15
stesen yang lain dikategorikan sebagai tercemar. 11 stations were categorised as poor. 11 of the poor
daripada stesen tercemar berada di kawasan muara stations were located at the estuary, 3 were located
sungai, 3 di kawasan pantai dan 1 di kawasan pulau. at coastal while the remaining 1 was located at the
island.

Pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 4,013,189.03 tan metrik In 2019, a total of 4,013,189.03 metric tonnes of
buangan terjadual telah dihasilkan. Ini mewakili scheduled wastes were generated. This represents
peningkatan keseluruhan sebanyak 41.32% an overall increase of 41.32% as compared to
berbanding 2,355,085.21 tan metrik yang dilaporkan 2,355,085.21 metric tonnes reported in 2018. DOE will

pada 2018. JAS akan terus mengukuhkan dan continue to strengthen and implement its strategies,
melaksanakan strategi, program dan aktivitinya programs and activities effectively in managing the
dengan berkesan dalam menguruskan alam sekitar environment sustainably.
secara lestari.

Alam Sekitar,

Tanggungjawab Bersama

Environment,

Our SPheamreuldihRareasapnoAnlasmibSileitkyit.ar,

AlaTmaSnegkgituanr,gjawab Bersama
EnvironTmanegngtuanlgCjaownasbeBrvearstaiomna, Our Shared

Environment, Responsibility.

Our Shared Responsibility.

NONRORLLIINN BBINITNI JTAIAJFAARAFAR

KetuaDKirPeetceutaonrPg-eGanegrnaaerrhaahlKoKfuuEaanlivltiiirtAoinlaAmmleanStmeakleQSliuleianlkgityeMMlailalaliyansygisaiaMalaysia
Director-General of Environmental Quality Malaysia

NORLIN BINTI JAAFAR

Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Alam Sekitar

Director-General, Department of

Environment

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

10 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

BAB 1

CHAPTER 1

KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 11
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

PENGAWASAN

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) telah menyediakan The Department of Environment (DOE) has
rangkaian pengawasan kualiti udara di seluruh provided an air quality monitoring network
negara dengan 65 stesen pengawasan kualiti with 65 continuous monitoring stations
udara automatik di bawah Program Pengawasan under the Environmental Quality Monitoring
Kualiti Alam Sekitar (EQMP). Stesen-stesen Programme (EQMP). These monitoring stations
pengawasan kualiti udara tersebut ditempatkan are strategically located in urban, suburban
di lokasi yang strategik iaitu di kawasan bandar, and industrial areas to detect any significant
pinggir bandar dan perindustrian bertujuan changes in the air quality which may affect
untuk mengesan sebarang perubahan ketara ke human health and the environment.
atas kualiti udara yang mungkin memberi kesan
kepada kesihatan awam dan alam sekitar. The air quality status is reported in terms of Air
Pollutant Index (API) and it is always showed in
Status kualiti udara di Malaysia adalah the APIMS website. API is calculated based on
ditunjukkan menerusi bacaan Indeks Pencemar concentration of six major pollutants, which are
Udara (IPU) dan bacaan IPU seluruh negara ground level ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO),
sentiasa dipaparkan di laman web APIMS. nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and
IPU adalah dikira berdasarkan kepekatan particulate matter of size less than 10 microns
enam bahan pencemar utama iaitu ozon di (PM10) or less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). The API is
permukaan bumi (O3), karbon monoksida (CO), categorised as good, moderate, unhealthy, very
nitrogen dioksida (NO2), sulfur dioksida (SO2), unhealthy and hazardous, as presented in Table
habuk halus bersaiz kurang dari 10 mikron (PM10) 1.1. Beginning 2018, DOE has showed the API
dan habuk halus bersaiz kurang dari 2.5 mikron based on particulate matter of size less than
(PM2.5). IPU ini dikategorikan sebagai baik, 2.5 microns (PM2.5) through the APIMS for public
sederhana, tidak sihat, sangat tidak sihat dan access.
berbahaya seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Jadual
1.1. Bermula tahun 2018, pengiraan IPU Malaysia
telah mengambil kira kepekatan habuk halus
yang bersaiz diameter 2.5 mikron dan ke bawah
(PM2.5) dan mula dipaparkan oleh JAS melalui Air
Pollutant Index Management System (APIMS)
untuk diakses oleh orang awam.

Jadual 1.1: Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU)
Table 1.1: Air Pollutant Index (API)

IPU/API STATUS KUALITI UDARA/ AIR QUALITY STATUS
Baik / Good
0-50
Sederhana / Moderate
51-100 Tidak Sihat / Unhealthy
101-200 Sangat Tidak Sihat / Very Unhealthy
201-300 Berbahaya / Hazardous

>300

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

12 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

STATUS In 2019, the overall air quality for Malaysia based
on API was mostly moderate. This was because
KUALITI UDARA the API readings were calculated based on PM2.5
particulate matter, which are very fine particles
AIR QUALITY STATUS and stable in the air. The increase in API caused
by local and transboundary haze had ascended
Berdasarkan IPU, kualiti udara keseluruhan a number of unhealthy days recorded in 2019 as
bagi Malaysia pada tahun 2019 adalah berstatus compared to 2018.
sederhana pada kebanyakan masa. Ini adalah
disebabkan oleh bacaan IPU dikira berdasarkan
kepada parameter habuk halus PM2.5. Parameter
PM2.5 adalah sangat halus dan stabil dalam
udara. Peningkatan IPU yang disebabkan oleh
jerebu di dalam dan di luar negara menyebabkan
bilangan hari yang tidak sihat meningkat pada
tahun 2019 dibandingkan dengan tahun 2018.

Pada bulan September tahun 2019, Malaysia In September 2019, Malaysia experienced
mengalami keadaan berjerebu yang agak teruk a severe haze episode due to the local and
akibat daripada jerebu setempat dan jerebu transboundary haze from neighbouring
merentas sempadan dari negara jiran sehingga countries and caused several areas in Sarawak
menyebabkan beberapa tempat di Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia to record their API
dan Semenanjung Malaysia mencatatkan readings in certain periods at very unhealthy and
bacaan IPU yang sangat tidak sihat dan very hazardous days. Several local bush fires
sangat berbahaya di dalam satu tempoh had caused deterioration in the local air quality
tertentu. Ini adalah kerana terdapat beberapa and transboundary haze as a result of land and
kejadian kebakaran belukar setempat yang forest fires in neighbouring country. Malaysia
menyebabkan kualiti udara di dalam negara experienced the transboundary haze within 20
merosot dan jerebu yang merentas sempadan days from 5 September to 25 September 2019.
akibat kebakaran tanah dan hutan di negara Simultaneously, Malaysia also spotted some
jiran. Malaysia mengalami keadaan berjerebu local bush fires in Klang Valley, Rompin (Pahang)
daripada jerebu merentas sempadan selama and Sri Aman (Sarawak).
20 hari iaitu dari 5 September 2019 hingga
25 September 2019. Pada masa yang sama,
Malaysia juga mengalami kebakaran belukar di
Lembah Klang, Rompin (Pahang) dan juga di Sri
Aman (Sarawak).

Tren kepekatan harian PM2.5 di kawasan Klang In 2019, the daily PM2.5 concentration trend
pada tahun 2019 adalah lebih tinggi berbanding in Klang Valley area was slightly higher as
tahun 2018 terutama pada musim panas di compared to in 2018, especially during hot
antara bulan Julai hingga Oktober 2019. Ini weather condition between July and October
seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 1.1(a). 2019. This is shown in Figure 1.1(a).

Rajah 1.1(b) menunjukkan kepekatan harian Figure 1.1(b) shows the daily PM2.5 concentration
PM2.5 bagi ketiga-tiga jenis kategori stesen for three categories of selected stations in urban
terpilih di kawasan bandar (Klang), pinggir (Klang), suburban (Kuantan) and rural (Kapit)
bandar (Kuantan) dan luar bandar (Kapit). Tren areas in the country. The trend approached
menunjukkan paras yang menghampiri dan higher PM2.5 levels than the ambient air quality
lebih daripada standard kualiti udara ambien standards, especially for urban (Klang) and
terutama bagi stesen di kawasan bandar iaitu suburban (Kuantan) areas, whereby there
Klang dan juga di kawasan pinggir bandar were many open burning activities during hot
iaitu Kuantan di mana banyak berlakunya weather condition. Rural area like Kapit also
pembakaran terbuka di kawasan tersebut pada showed higher PM2.5 levels than the ambient

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 13
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

musim panas. Kawasan luar bandar seperti Kapit air quality standards, which were affected by
juga menunjukkan paras yang lebih daripada the transboundary haze. The ambient air quality
standard kualiti udara ambien disebabkan oleh standard for 2019 is referred as the Malaysia
kesan jerebu merentas sempadan. Standard Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2, as shown in
kualiti udara ambien bagi tahun 2019 adalah Table 1.2.
menggunakan Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien
Malaysia IT-2 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam
Jadual 1.2.

Selain pencemar PM2.5, ozon di permukaan Besides PM2.5, ground level ozone (O3) remained
bumi (O3) merupakan pencemar udara yang as the pollutant of concern. O3 pollutant
menjadi perhatian. Ia terhasil akibat tindak is formed as a result of chemical reaction
balas sebatian-sebatian organik meruap between volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) dan oksid- and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of
oksid nitrogen (NOx) dengan kehadiran cahaya sunlight. Formation of O3 is enhanced during hot
matahari. Cuaca panas terik menggalakkan lagi and sunny day. The major sources of VOCs and
pembentukan pencemar O3 . Punca utama VOCs NOx emission were from industries and motor
dan NOx adalah dari pelepasan industri dan vehicles, particularly in urban areas. These
ekzos kenderaan bermotor terutama di bandar- resulted in several unhealthy days recorded at
bandar besar. Ini menyebabkan berlakunya various locations in Klang Valley and states of
beberapa hari yang tidak sihat di beberapa Perak, Kedah and Negeri Sembilan.
lokasi di Lembah Klang, Perak, Kedah dan Negeri
Sembilan.

Kadangkala terdapat kepekatan maksimum Occasionally, the daily maximum one-hour
harian bagi parameter O3 dalam tempoh 1 jam concentration of O3 exceeded the Malaysian
adalah melebihi Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Ambient Air Quality Standard at several stations
Malaysia terutamanya di beberapa kawasan in Klang Valley, Perak, Kedah and Negeri
di Lembah Klang, Perak, Kedah dan Negeri Sembilan, as shown in Figure 1.1(c), Figure 1.1(d)
Sembilan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah and Figure 1.1(e). These conditions caused a
1.1(c), Rajah 1.1 (d) dan Rajah 1.1 (e). Keadaan ini number of unhealthy days recorded in some
menyebabkan beberapa hari yang tidak sihat areas, especially those of central business with
dicatatkan terutama di kawasan-kawasan heavy traffic volumes.
pusat perniagaan dan jumlah trafik yang tinggi.

200

Kepekatan (µg/m3) / Concentration (µg/m3)

1/1
15/1
29/1
12/2
26/2
12/3
26/3
9/4
23/4
7/5
21/5
4/6
18/6
2/7
16/7
30/7
13/8
27/8
10/9
24/9
8/10
22/10
5/11
19/11
3/12
17/12
31/12
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi PM2.5 (IT-2) = 50 µg/m3
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines For PM2.5 (IT-2) = 50 µg/m3

150

100

50

0

Tarikh / Date
2018 2019

Rajah 1.1(a) : Tren Kepekatan 24 jam bagi Habuk Halus Bersaiz 2.5 Mikron (PM2.5), Klang, 2018 dan 2019
Figure 1.1(a) : Trend of 24-hour Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Klang, 2018 and 2019

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

14 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

200

Kepekatan (µg/m3) / Concentration (µg/m3)

1-Jan-19
15-Jan-19
29-Jan-19
12-Feb-19
26-Feb-19
12-Mac-19
26-Mac-19
9-Apr-19
23-Apr-19
7-May-19
21-May-19
4-Jun-19
18-Jun-19

2-Jul-19
16-Jul-19
30-Jul-19
13-Aug-19
27-Aug-19
10-Sep-19
24-Sep-19
8-Oct-19
22-Oct-19
5-Nov-19
19-Nov-19
3-Dec-19
17-Dec-19
31-Dec-19
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi PM2.5 (IT-2) = 50 µg/m3
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines For PM2.5 (IT-2) = 50 µg/m3

150

100

50

0

Klang (Urban) Tarikh / Date Kapit (Rural)

Kuantan (Sub-Urban)

Rajah 1.1 (b) : Tren Kepekatan 24 jam bagi Habuk Halus Bersaiz 2.5 Mikron (PM2.5), Malaysia, 2019
Figure 1.1 (b) Malaysia : Trend of 24 Hours Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Malaysia, 2019

Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm)0.18
0.16
1-Jan-190.14
15-Jan-190.12
29-Jan-190.10
12-Feb-190.08
26-Feb-190.06
12-Mac-190.04
26-Mac-190.02
9-Apr-190.00
23-Apr-19
7-May-19
21-May-19
4-Jun-19
18-Jun-19

2-Jul-19
16-Jul-19
30-Jul-19
13-Aug-19
27-Aug-19
10-Sep-19
24-Sep-19
8-Oct-19
22-Oct-19
5-Nov-19
19-Nov-19
3-Dec-19
17-Dec-19
31-Dec-19
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines For O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm

Batu Muda Cheras Putrajaya

Rajah 1.1(c) : Tren Kepekatan Maksimum Harian Ozon (O3) 1 Jam, Lembah Klang, 2019
Figure 1.1(c) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-Hour Concentration of Ozone (O3), Klang Valley, 2019

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 15
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

0.18Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm)
0.16
0.14 1-Jan-19
0.12 15-Jan-19
0.10 29-Jan-19
0.08 12-Feb-19
0.06 26-Feb-19
0.04 12-Mac-19
0.02 26-Mac-19
0.00 9-Apr-19
23-Apr-19
7-May-19
21-May-19
4-Jun-19
18-Jun-19

2-Jul-19
16-Jul-19
30-Jul-19
13-Aug-19
27-Aug-19
10-Sep-19
24-Sep-19
8-Oct-19
22-Oct-19
5-Nov-19
19-Nov-19
3-Dec-19
17-Dec-19
31-Dec-19
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines For O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm

Petaling Jaya Tarikh / Date Klang

Shah Alam

Rajah 1.1 (d): Tren Kepekatan Maksimum Harian Ozon (O3) 1 Jam, Lembah Klang, 2019
Figure 1.1 (d) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O3), Klang Valley, 2019

0.18 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm
0.16 Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines For O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm
0.14Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm)
0.12
0.10 1-Jan-19
0.08 15-Jan-19
0.06 29-Jan-19
0.04 12-Feb-19
0.02 26-Feb-19
0.00 12-Mac-19
26-Mac-19
9-Apr-19
23-Apr-19
7-May-19
21-May-19
4-Jun-19
18-Jun-19

2-Jul-19
16-Jul-19
30-Jul-19
13-Aug-19
27-Aug-19
10-Sep-19
24-Sep-19
8-Oct-19
22-Oct-19
5-Nov-19
19-Nov-19
3-Dec-19
17-Dec-19
31-Dec-19

Tanjung Malim Tarikh / Date Sungai Petani
Port Dickson

Rajah 1.1(e) : Tren Kepekatan Maksimum Harian Ozon (O3) 1 Jam, Malaysia, 2019
Figure 1.1(e) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O3), Malaysia, 2019

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

16 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

STATUS

KUALITI UDARA DI PANTAI BARAT

AIR QUALITY STATUS IN THE WEST COAST

Lembah Klang Klang Valley

Pada tahun 2019, berdasarkan pengiraan IPU In 2019, based on the API calculation by
menggunakan PM2.5, status kualiti udara di using PM2.5, the air quality in the Klang Valley
Lembah Klang menunjukkan semua stesen showed that all stations were at moderate
mencatatkan bacaan hari sederhana sepanjang level all times. The overall air quality status in
masa. Status kualiti udara di Lembah Klang Klang Valley is shown in Figure 1.2. However,
secara keseluruhannya ditunjukkan seperti all stations recorded their API readings on
di Rajah 1.2. Walau bagaimanapun, semua unhealthy days and several Klang Valley
stesen mencatatkan bacaan IPU yang tidak stations showed very unhealthy API readings
sihat dan beberapa stesen di Lembah Klang with the highest recorded in Putrajaya (2 days).
menunjukkan bacaan IPU yang sangat tidak Each station in Batu Muda, Petaling Jaya, Klang
sihat dengan yang tertinggi adalah di Putrajaya and Shah Alam recorded one very unhealthy day,
(2 hari) dan masing-masing 1 hari di Batu Muda, which was caused by the local bush fires and
Petaling Jaya, Klang dan Shah Alam. Ini adalah transboundary haze from forest and bush fires
disebabkan oleh kebakaran belukar setempat in neighbouring country.
dan jerebu merentas sempadan yang berpunca
dari kebakaran hutan dan belukar dari negara This situation also resulted at all stations in
jiran. Klang Valley, which recorded a number of
unhealthy days higher in 2019 as compared to in
Keadaan ini juga telah menyebabkan semua 2018 Figure 1.2(a).
stesen di Lembah Klang mencatatkan bilangan
hari yang tidak sihat yang lebih tinggi pada
tahun 2019 jika dibandingkan dengan tahun 2018
seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 1.2(a).

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 17
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

350 339 339 347 346
335 328 317
313
300

Bilangan Hari / Numbers of Days 250

200

150

100

50 23 39 8 16 19 2 15 32 3 15 2 44
2 13 1 7 1 5 1 1
5
0 Cheras

Putrajaya SeKluaanlgaor Batu Muda Banting PeJtaaylaing Klang Shah Alam

Kawasan / Area

Baik/ Sederhana/ Tidak Sihat/ Sangat Tidak Sihat/ Berbahaya/
Good Moderate Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous
(0-50) (51-100) (101-200) (201-300)
(>300)

Rajah 1.2: Status Kualiti Udara, Lembah Klang 2019
Figure 1.2: Air Quality Status, Klang Valley, 2019

Nota : Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note : Reading based on Daily Maximum API

Number of Days / Bilangan Hari 70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Banting 0 5 5 20 41 45 27 7 5 19

Shah Alam 32 22 11 15 33 43 29 1 10 45

Cheras 59 48 37 30 34 52 33 9 10 32

Klang 6 6 13 11 34 28 11 3 8 16

Petaling Jaya 3 3 4 8 19 27 12 3 1 16

Kuala 0 0 5 2 16 20 0 0 2 13
Selangor

Putrajaya 8 3 2 9 31 41 14 2 7 25

Batu Muda 17 15 25 21 43 51 29 3 1 17

Rajah 1.2 (a) : Bilangan Hari Tidak Sihat, Lembah Klang, 2010-2019
Figure 1.2 (a) : Number of Unhealthy Days, Klang Valley, 2010 - 2019

Nota : Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note : Reading based on Daily Maximum API

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

18 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

Wilayah Utara Northern Region

Secara keseluruhan, status kualiti udara di The overall air quality status at the northern
utara Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia yang region in West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia,
meliputi Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang dan Perak covering Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Perak,
adalah sederhana sepanjang masa. Tanjung was mostly moderate. However, Tanjung Malim
Malim mencatatkan bacaan IPU baik yang lebih recorded a good API reading but was higher (189)
tinggi (189) berbanding stesen-stesen yang as compared to the other stations. All stations
lain. Akibat jerebu merentas sempadan, semua in the northern region recorded an unhealthy air
stesen di wilayah utara telah merekodkan status quality status due to the transboundary haze,
kualiti udara tidak sihat kecuali Kangar dan ada except for Kangar. Meanwhile, several stations
beberapa stesen yang mencatatkan bacaan noted very unhealthy air quality. Stations which
IPU sangat tidak sihat. Stesen tertinggi yang recorded the highest reading for very unhealthy
mencatatkan bacaan hari sangat tidak sihat day were those in Balik Pulau and Manjung (2),
adalah Balik Pulau dan Manjung (2) manakala while each station in Taiping and Kulim recorded
Taiping dan Kulim masing-masing mencatatkan one “very unhealthy” day.
bacaan satu (1) hari IPU sangat tidak sihat.

Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan status kualiti udara Figure 1.3 Overall air quality status for the
keseluruhan bagi wilayah utara di Pantai Barat northern region in West Coast of Peninsular
Semenanjung Malaysia. Malaysia.

350 332 347
301 309
300 306 329 317
298

Bilangan Hari / Numbers of Days 272

250 189
152
235 218 236
200

150 145 128
130

100 88

55 57 57

50 30 44 22 45 24
41 6 4 6
0 21 4 82 11 8 10 92
1
Kangar
Langkawi Alor Sungai Kulim Seberang Perai Balik Taiping Tasek Ipoh Manjung Tanjung
Setar Petani Jaya Pulau Malim

Kawasan / Area

Baik/ Sederhana/ Tidak Sihat/ Sangat Tidak Sihat/ Berbahaya/
Good Moderate Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous
(0-50) (51-100) (101-200) (201-300)
(>300)

Rajah 1.3 : Status Kualiti Udara, Wilayah Utara Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia, 2019
Figure 1.3 : Air Quality Status, Northern Region of The West Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2019

Nota : Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note : Reading based on Daily Maximum API

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 19
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

Wilayah Selatan Southern Region

Kualiti udara di Wilayah Selatan Pantai Barat In the southern region of West Coast of
Semenanjung Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan, Melaka
Melaka dan Johor) adalah sederhana pada and Johor) the air quality was mostly moderate.
kebanyakan masa. Keadaan sama seperti di The situation was similar to that in northern
wilayah utara, semua stesen di wilayah selatan region, but all stations in the southern region
menunjukkan bacaan IPU tidak sihat dan ada recorded unhealthy days, while four stations
4 stesen yang mencatatkan bacaan IPU yang recorded very unhealthy days, which were in
sangat tidak sihat iaitu Tangkak (3), Nilai (2), Tangkak (3), Nilai (2), Port Dickson (1) and Melaka
Port Dickson (1) dan Melaka (1). Keadaan ini (1). This was due to the local haze caused by
adalah disebabkan oleh jerebu setempat akibat bush and farm fires and transboundary haze.
pembakaran ladang dan belukar tempatan
dan juga disebabkan oleh jerebu merentas Figure 1.4 Overall air quality status for the
sempadan. southern region in West Coast of Peninsular
Malaysia.
Rajah 1.4 menunjukkan status kualiti udara
secara keseluruhan bagi wilayah selatan di
Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia.

350

337 338
300 295 300 304 317 295 278 293 272 308
Bilangan Hari / Numbers of Days 296

250 250

216
200

150 145

100 70 84 111

56 56 62 62
48 49 34
50 42
12 3
11 15 14 16 12 14 13 17 10 9 16 11 7 4 4
0 2 Tangkak
1

Nilai Seremban Port Alor Bukit Melaka Segamat Batu Kluang Larkin Pasir Pengerang Kota
Dickson Gajah Rambai Pahat Gudang Tinggi

Kawasan / Area

Baik/ Sederhana/ Tidak Sihat/ Sangat Tidak Sihat/ Berbahaya/
Good Moderate Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous
(0-50) (51-100) (101-200) (201-300)
(>300)

Rajah 1.4 : Status Kualiti Udara, Wilayah Selatan Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia, 2019
Figure 1.4 : Air Quality Status, Southern Region of The West Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2019

Nota : Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note : Reading based on Daily Maximum API

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

20 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

STATUS

KUALITI UDARA DI PANTAI TIMUR

AIR QUALITY STATUS IN THE EAST COAST

Kualiti udara di Pantai Timur Semenanjung In the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Malaysia (Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan (Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan and East Johor)
dan timur Johor) bagi tahun 2019 berstatus the air quality mostly remained moderate, while
sederhana pada kebanyakan masa, dan semua all stations recorded unhealthy days reading in
stesen mencatatkan status kualiti udara tidak 2019. The highest was in Rompin (23), followed
sihat sepanjang tahun dengan yang tertinggi by Balok Baru (17), Jerantut and Indera Mahkota
adalah di Rompin (23) dan diikuti dengan (12), which was mostly caused by forest and
Balok Baru (17) disebabkan kebakaran hutan bush fires from Rompin, Pekan and Pahang
dan belukar di Rompin dan Pekan, Pahang due to the hot and dry weather. This incident
pada musim cuaca panas dan kering. Keadaan also caused the station in Rompin to record six
ini juga telah menyebabkan stesen Rompin (6) very unhealthy days. The overall air quality
mencatatkan bacaan sangat tidak sihat selama status in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
6 hari. Status kualiti udara di Pantai Timur is shown in Figure 1.5.
Semenanjung Malaysia secara keseluruhan
adalah seperti di Rajah 1.5.

350

Bilangan Hari / Numbers of Days 320 309 297 300 317
300 297
63 46
259 238 240 243 2 2
250 206
200 113 Tanah Kota
19 Merah Bharu
150 152
Indera 121
115 Mahkota
100 57 62
77 12 11
39 17 7 6
50 236 34 11 Jerantut
0 Balok Kemaman Paka Kuala 1
Baru Terengganu
Rompin Temerloh Besut
Kawasan / Area

Baik/ Sederhana/ Tidak Sihat/ Sangat Tidak Sihat/ Berbahaya/
Good Moderate Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous
(0-50) (51-100) (101-200) (201-300)
(>300)

Rajah 1.5 : Status Kualiti Udara, Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia, 2019
Figure 1.5 : Air Quality Status, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2019

Nota : Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note : Reading based on Daily Maximum API

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 21
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

STATUS

KUALITI UDARA DI SABAH, LABUAN DAN SARAWAK

AIR QUALITY STATUS IN SABAH, LABUAN AND SARAWAK

Kualiti udara di Sabah, Labuan dan Sarawak The air quality status in Sabah, Labuan and
adalah pada tahap baik dan sederhana pada Sarawak remained between good and moderate
kebanyakan masa. Walau bagaimanapun levels for most of the time. However, in 2019 all
bagi tahun 2019, semua stesen di Sarawak stations in Sarawak recorded unhealthy days,
mencatatkan bacaan tidak sihat kecuali di Kapit. except for Kapit. ILP Miri recorded nine (9) days
ILP Miri mencatatkan bacaan sembilan (9) hari of caused by bush fires near the station, while
yang berbahaya yang disebabkan oleh kebakaran hazardous readings were recorded on four (4)
belukar berdekatan dengan stesen ILP Miri dan days in Sri Aman due to the transboundary haze
empat (4) hari bacaan IPU yang berbahaya di from neighbouring country and local forest
Sri Aman disebabkan oleh berlakunya jerebu fires incident that occurred simultaneously. In
merentas sempadan dari negara jiran dan pada Sabah, three stations recorded the API reading
masa yang sama berlaku kebakaran di kawasan as “unhealthy days”, which were in Tawau (3),
belukar dan hutan setempat. Di Sabah, 3 kawasan Sandakan (3) and Kimanis (1) because they were
mencatatkan bacaan IPU yang tidak sihat iaitu affected by the transboundary haze. Meanwhile
di Tawau (3), Sandakan (3) dan Kimanis (1) yang the local haze caused Kota Kinabalu to record
terkesan daripada jerebu merentas sempadan its API reading as “very unhealthy day (2) . The
manakala Kota Kinabalu mencatatkan bacaan overall air quality status in Sarawak is shown in
IPU yang sangat tidak sihat iaitu dua (2) hari Figure 1.6 and Figure 1.7, revealing the overall air
yang disebabkan oleh jerebu setempat. Status quality in Sabah and Labuan.
kualiti udara di Sarawak secara keseluruhan
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.6 dan di Sabah dan
Labuan ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.7.

350

Bilangan Hari / Numbers of Days 300 291 263 253 246 205
249 259 236 227 196
250
126 195
215 102 96 155

200

150 150 84 84 121 140 141
100
100 8
21 9 22 65 11 1 133 10 5 1311 4 10 9 7 12
50 2 Samalaju 9
Mukah Kapit Sibu Sarikei
0 ILP Miri Miri Bintulu Kawasan / Area Sri Samarahan Kuching
Limbang Aman

Baik/ Sederhana/ Tidak Sihat/ Sangat Tidak Sihat/ Berbahaya/
Good Moderate Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous
(0-50) (51-100) (101-200) (201-300)
(>300)

Rajah 1.6: Status Kualiti Udara, Sarawak, 2019
Figure 1.6: Air Quality Status, Sarawak, 2019

Nota : Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note : Reading based on Daily Maximum API

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

22 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

350

316
300

Bilangan Hari / Numbers of Days 250

236 203 227 204 212
200

159 137 161
153

150

126

100

50 46 3 Kota Kinabalu 1 Keningau Labuan
3
Sandakan Kimanis
0

Tawau

Kawasan / Area

Baik/ Sederhana/ Tidak Sihat/ Sangat Tidak Sihat/ Berbahaya/
Good Moderate Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous
(0-50) (51-100) (101-200) (201-300)
(>300)

Rajah 1.7 : Status Kualiti Udara Sabah dan Labuan, 2019
Figure 1.7 : Air Quality Status, Sabah dan Labuan, 2019

Nota : Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note : Reading based on Daily Maximum API

TREN

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY TREND

Enam (6) pencemar udara iaitu habuk halus Six (6) air pollutants, namely particulate matter
bersaiz 10 mikron (PM10), habuk halus bersaiz (PM10), particulate matter (PM2.5), ground level
2.5 mikron (PM2.5), ozon permukaan bumi (O3), ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen
sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen dioksida (NO2) dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were
dan karbon monoksida (CO) dipantau secara continuously monitored at 65 locations. At the
berterusan di 65 buah lokasi. Parameter PM2.5 beginning of 2018, PM2.5 parameters were fully
mula dipantau sepenuhnya pada tahun 2018. monitored. The air quality trend from 2010 to
Tren kualiti udara dari tahun 2010 hingga 2019 2019 period was computed by averaging the
ditentukan dengan mengambilkira purata data annual air quality data received from monitoring
kualiti udara tahunan daripada stesen-stesen sites and with reference to Malaysia Ambient
pengawasan dan merujuk kepada Standard Air Quality Standard as shown in Table 1.2. The
Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia seperti yang Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2 was
ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.2. Standard Kualiti used for 2019.
Udara Ambien Malaysia IT-2 telah digunakan
bagi tahun 2019.

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 23
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

Jadual 1.2: Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia
Table 1.2: Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard

PARAMETER/ MASA UNIT/ GARIS STANDARD KUALITI UDARA AMBIEN
PARAMETER PURATA/ UNIT PANDUAN MALAYSIA/
AVERAGING SEDIA ADA/
µg/m3 EXISTING MALAYSIAN AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
TIME µg/m3 GUIDELINES
µg/m3 IT-1 IT-2 STANDARD
µg/m3 50 (2015) (2018) (2020)
µg/m3 150
1 Tahun ppm - 50 45 40
24 Jam µg/m3 -
PM10 1 Tahun ppm 350 150 120 100
PM2.5 24 Jam mg/m3 0.135
ppm 105 35 25 15
mg/m3 0.040
ppm 35 75 50 35
µg/m3 30.6
ppm 10 350 300 250
µg/m3 8.75
1 Jam ppm 320 0.135 0.115 0.095
SO2 µg/m3 0.170
ppm 75 105 90 80
24 Jam µg/m3 0.040
ppm 200
0.100 0.040 0.035 0.030
120
0.060 35 35 30

1 Jam 30.6 30.6 26.2
*CO
10 10 10
8 Jam

8.75 8.75 8.75

320 300 280

1 Jam 0.170 0.160 0.150
NO2
75 75 70
24 Jam

0.040 0.040 0.037

200 200 180

1 Jam 0.100 0.100 0.090
O3
120 120 100
8 Jam
0.060 0.060 0.050
Nota: *mg/m3 IT-Interim Tier (tahun)

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

24 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

HABUK (PM10)
HALUS BERSAIZ 10 MIKRON

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10)

Pada tahun 2019, nilai purata tahunan PM10 In 2019, the annual average PM10value in ambient
dalam udara ambien adalah 28 µg/m3 iaitu air was 28 µg/m3, which was lower than the
masih belum melebihi had yang ditetapkan Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2
dalam Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia value (45 µg/m3). The PM10 concentration in 2019
bagi IT-2 iaitu sebanyak 45 µg/m3. Bacaan PM10 was slightly higher as compared to 2018, which
bagi tahun 2019 adalah lebih tinggi sedikit was the effect of transboundary haze from
berbanding dengan tahun 2018. Keadaan ini neighbouring country within a certain period.
dipengaruhi oleh kejadian jerebu merentas
sempadan daripada negara jiran di dalam satu
tempoh yang tertentu.

Tren purata tahunan kepekatan PM10 dalam The trend of the annual average PM10
udara ambien bagi tahun 2010 hingga tahun concentration levels in ambient air from 2010 to
2019 adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam 2019 are as shown in Figure 1.8. Based on land
Rajah 1.8. Berdasarkan kategori guna tanah, use categories, PM10 concentration in 2019 was
nilai kepekatan PM10 pada tahun 2019 adalah in compliance with the Malaysia Ambient Air
mematuhi Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Quality Standard IT-2 value, as shown in Figure
Malaysia IT-2 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam 1.8(a).
Rajah 1.8 (a).

KepeKkeapteakant(aµn(gu/g/mm33))//CoCncoenntcraetinotnr (autgi/omn3)(µg/m3) 60 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM10(IT-2) = 45 µg/m3
MaSlMataaynlsdayiaasrdinanKAuAmamlitbbiiiUeendntaArAairiArQmQubaulieiatnylSiMttyaalnaGdyausriiaddfboearlgiPniMPe1M0f1(o0I(TIrT--2P2)=M)=441505u(uIgTg/-m/m23)3 = 45 µg/m3

50

40

30
20
10
0

Kepekatan / Concentration 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
28
Nombor LokKaseip/eNkuamtbaenr o/f sites 203190 204311 204312 204143 204144 205135 204216 203317 202148
Concentration 3592 4532 4532 4542 4542 5532 4522 3653 2645

Nombor Lokasi / 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 65 65 65
Number of sites

Rajah 1.8 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus Bersaiz 10 Mikron (PM10), 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.8 : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10), 2010 - 2019

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 25
KUALITI UDARA
Kepekatan(µg/m3) / Concentration (µg/m3) AIR QUALITY

Kepekatan(ug/m3)/Concentration (ug/m3) GMaarlSiaMtsayanPlsdayaiasarndiannKduAAuammalitbniibUenKdietauArnaiarAAlQmiutibarilieiUQtnyudSMtaaaalnrlaidaytasyriAadGfmboarugbPiiMdiPe1Me0n1l(0Ii(TInMT--2e2a)=)=fl4ao455uyrugsgP/m/imaM33b10a(IgT-i 2P)M=104(I5T-µ2g)/=m435 µg/m3

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Industri / Industrial 204410 204811 204912 240813 240914 205815 204416 203317 202318 2019

IndustriB/aInnddaur s/ Utrribaaln 4442 4485 4469 4488 4469 5587 4444 3353 2238 26

Luar Bandar / Sub Urban 36 41 39 40 41 49 39 31 26
BandarL/Uatarrbbaelnakang / Background 4324 4356 4346 4348 4336 5497 4249 3255 2281 32

PinggirPBeandnadlaamra/nS/uRburuarl ban 3360 4341 3399 4350 3461 4439 3392 3251 2262 29

Latarbelakang/Background 34 36 34 34 33 49 29 25 21 22

Pendalaman/Rural 30 34 39 35 36 43 32 25 22 28

Rajah 1.8(a) :PurataKepekatanTahunan Habuk Halus Bersaiz 10 Mikron (PM10)mengikut GunaTanah, 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.8(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10) by Land Use, 2010 - 2019

HHAABLUUKS BERSAIZ 2.5 MIKRON (PM2.5)

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5)

PM2.5 mula diukur dan dianalisis bermula pada PM2.5 was first measured and analysed in mid-
pertengahan tahun 2017. Walau bagaimanapun, year of 2017. However, analysis of PM2.5 was first
analisis bagi PM2.5 dilaporkan di dalam Laporan reported in the Environmental Quality Report
Kualiti Alam Sekitar bermula pada tahun 2018. started in 2018. In 2019, the annual average
Nilai purata tahunan PM2.5 dalam udara ambien PM2.5 value in ambient air was 20 µg/m3, which
bagi tahun 2019 adalah 20 µg/m3 iaitu masih was lower than the Malaysian Ambient Air
belum melebihi had yang ditetapkan dalam Quality Standard IT-2 value (25 µg/m3). The PM2.5
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi concentration in 2019 was slightly higher as
IT-2 iaitu sebanyak 25 µg/m3. Bacaan PM2.5 bagi compared to in 2018, which was affected by the
tahun 2019 adalah lebih tinggi sedikit berbanding transboundary haze from neighbouring country
dengan tahun 2018 disebabkan oleh kejadian within a certain period (Figure 1.8(b)).
jerebu merentas sempadan daripada negara
jiran di dalam satu tempoh yang tertentu (Rajah
1.8(b)).

Berdasarkan kategori guna tanah, nilai Based on land use categories, the PM2.5
kepekatan PM2.5 pada tahun 2019 adalah concentrations in 2019 was in compliance with
mematuhi Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2, as
Malaysia IT-2 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam shown in Figure 1.8(c), whereby the highest PM2.5
Rajah 1.8 (c). Daripada rajah tersebut, kepekatan concentration according to land use categories
PM2.5 tertinggi mengikut guna tanah adalah di was in urban area and followed by suburban
kawasan bandar dan diikuti dengan kawasan area.
pinggir bandar.

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

26 BAB 1

KUALITI UDARA

AIR QUALITY

Kepekatan(µg/m3) / Concentration (µg/m3) 30 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM2.5(IT-2) = 45 µg/m3
Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for PM2.5(IT-2) = 45 µ/m3

25

20

15

10

5

0

2018 2019

Kepekatan 16 20
Concentration

Nombor Lokasi 65 65
Number of sites

Rajah 1.8 (b): Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus Bersaiz 2.5 Mikron (PM2.5 ), 2018- 2019
Figure 1.8 (b): Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), 2018 - 2019

30 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM2.5(IT-2) = 25 µg/m2
Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for PM2.5(IT-2) = 25 µg/m2

Kepekatan(ug/m3)Kepekatan(ug/m3) 25
Kepekatan(µg/m3) / Concentration (µg/m3)
20
15

10

5

0

Industri/Industrial 2018 2019
Bandar/Urban 14 14
Pinggir Bandar/ Suburban 19 23
17 21

Latarbelakang/Background 12 14

Pendalaman/Rural 14 19

Rajah 1.8 (c) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus Bersaiz 2.5 Mikron (PM2.5) mengikut Guna
Tanah, 2018 - 2019

Figure 1.8(c) : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) by Land Use, 2018 - 2019

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 1 27
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY

OZON In 2019, the annual average daily maximum
ozone concentration was slightly increased
GPREORUMNDULKEVAEAL NOZBONUEM(OI3)(O3) as compared to in 2018. The overall trend on
the annual average daily maximum eight-hour
Pada tahun 2019, purata tahunan kepekatan ozone concentration in ambient air from 2010
maksimum harian ozon didapati sedikit to 2018 was well below the limit of 0.6 ppm,
meningkat berbanding dengan tahun 2018. as stipulated in the Malaysia Ambient Quality
Secara keseluruhannya, tren purata tahunan Standard IT-2 and the trend is shown in Figure
kepekatan maksimum ozon tempoh 8 jam 1.9.
dalam udara ambien dari tahun 2010 hingga 2019
adalah mematuhi had sebanyak 0.6 ppm seperti Figure 1.9(a) shows the ground level ozone
yang ditetapkan dalam Standard Kualiti Udara concentrations for various land use categories
Ambien Malaysia IT-2 dan tren tersebut adalah between 2010 and 2019. Beginning 2018, there
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.9. was no ozone monitoring in industrial areas
because priority was given to urban area
Rajah 1.9(a) menunjukkan kepekatan ozon aras monitoring. Urban areas recorded higher levels
bumi untuk pelbagai kategori guna tanah dari of ground level ozone due to higher traffic
tahun 2010 hingga 2019. Bermula tahun 2018, volume and conducive atmospheric condition,
tiada pemantauan ozon dilakukan di kawasan resulting in ozone formation. Ground level
industri kerana untuk memberi keutamaan ozone pollution was also dominant in some
pemantauan ozon di kawasan bandar. Kawasan suburban and rural areas due to downwind
bandar mencatatkan bacaan ozon lebih tinggi effect transporting ground level ozone pollutant
disebabkan oleh jumlah trafik yang lebih precursors namely nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
tinggi dan keadaan atmosfera yang kondusif volatile organic compound (VOC) were emitted
menyebabkan pembentukan ozon. Pencemaran mainly from motor vehicles and industries.
ozon aras bumi juga ketara di beberapa kawasan
pinggir bandar dan pedalaman disebabkan oleh
pergerakan angin yang membawa pencetus
pencemar ozon aras bumi iaitu oksid-oksid
nitrogen (NOx) dan sebatian organik meruap
(VOC) yang kebanyakannya dilepaskan daripada
kenderaan bermotor dan industri.

Kepekatan(ppm) / Concentration (ppm) 0.0800 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM10(IT-2) = 45 ug/m2
0.0600
MGaalraiyssPiaanndAumabnieKnuaAliirtiQUudaalirtay AGmuibdieelninMe afolaryPsMia10b(IaTg-2i )O=3(4IT5-u2g)/=m02.06ppm
Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for O3(IT-2) = 0.06 ppm

0.0400

0.0200

0.0000

Kepekatan / Concentration 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Nombor Lokasi / Number of sites 0.0406 0.0408 0.0409 0.0413 0.0429 0.0435 0.0180 0.0158 0.0153 0.165

41 41 41 41 41 41 41 45 45 45

Rajah 1.9: Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Ozon (O3), 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.9: Annual Average Concentration of Ozone (O3), 2010 - 2019

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Bilangan Hari / Number Of Days 0.10

0.08 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3(IT-2) = 0.06 ppm
0.06 Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for O3(IT-2) = 0.06 ppm
0.04

0.02

0

Industri/Industrial 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
0.0412 0.0402 0.0407 0.0417 0.0431 0.0463 0.0170 0.0175 0.00 0.00

Bandar/Urban 0.0453 0.0447 0.0441 0.0457 0.0469 0.0489 0.0192 0.0176 0.0188 0.0200
Pinggir Bandar/ Suburban 0.0364 0.0383 0.0386 0.0370 0.0388 0.0354 0.0159 0.0155 0.0173 0.0185

Latarbelakang/Background 0.0287 0.0309 0.0327 0.0335 0.0378 0.0416 0.0190 0.0127 0.0099 0.0011

Rajah 1.9(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Ozon (O3) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.9(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Ozone (O3) by Land Use, 2010- 2019

SULFUR Generally, the annual average SO2 concentration
shows a declining trend between 2010 and 2018
DSUILOPHKURSDIIDOXAIDE((SSOO2)2) (Figure 1.10) and it is well below the limit of 0.035
ppm, as stipulated in the Malaysian Ambient Air
Secara umumnya, purata kepekatan tahunan Quality Standard IT-2. This was attributed by the
SO2 menunjukkan tren penurunan dari tahun use of better fuel quality EURO2M in this country
2010 hingga 2019 (Rajah 1.10) dan ia adalah jauh starting from September 2009 and also stricter
di bawah had sebanyak 0.035 ppm seperti enforcement by DOE, as well as the widely
yang ditetapkan dalam Standard Kualiti Udara use of natural gas for industrial combustion
Ambien Malaysia IT-2. Ini adalah disebabkan processes and vehicles. On 1 September 2015,
oleh penggunaan bahan api berkualiti EURO2M petrol EURO4M Ron 97 was implemented and
yang lebih baik di negara ini bermula dari EURO5 Diesel with the sulfur content less
bulan September 2009 dan penguatkuasaan than 10 mg/l was marketed in November 2015.
yang lebih ketat oleh JAS serta penggunaan Although less vehicles used both types of fuels
gas asli secara meluas dalam proses industri as compared to EURO2M vehicles, it showed
dan kegunaan kenderaan. Mulai 1 September that the SO2 trend had decreased in urban and
2015, EURO4M RON97 telah dilaksanakan dan industrial areas. Figure 1.10(a) shows the annual
pada November 2015 EURO5 Diesel yang average SO2 concentrations from different land
mengandungi kandungan sulfur kurang use categories . The figure shows that SO2
dari 10 mg/l pula telah diperkenalkan di concentration in all areas is slightly decreased
pasaran. Walaupun jumlah kenderaan yang as compared to other years, including urban
menggunakan bahan api tersebut adalah kurang
dari penggunaan EURO2M, sedikit sebanyak ia
mempengaruhi tren pelepasan SO2 di kawasan
industri dan bandar yang menunjukkan semakin
berkurangan pelepasan SO2. Rajah 1.10 (a)
menunjukkan kepekatan purata tahunan bagi
SO2 mengikut kategori guna tanah. Berdasarkan
kepada rajah tersebut, keadaan menunjukkan
bahawa kepekatan SO2 di kawasan-kawasan
mengikut kategori tanah adalah lebih rendah

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berbanding dengan tahun-tahun sebelumnya areas. This could be due to the effectiveness
termasuk di kawasan bandar. Ini menunjukkan of using better fuel quality by the vehicles in
keberkesanan ke atas penggunaan bahan Malaysia.
api yang lebih berkualiti yang digunakan oleh
kenderaan-kenderaan di Malaysia.

Kepekatan (µg/m3) / Concentration (µg/m3) 0.04 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi SO2 (IT-2)= 0.035 ppm
0.03 Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for SO2 (IT-2)= 0.035 ppm

0.02

0.01

0.01

Kepekatan / 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Concentration 0.0406 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0020 0.002 0.002 0.0015 0.001 0.0011

Nombor Lokasi / 41 44 44 44 44 44 42 52 52 52
Number of sites

Rajah 1.10: Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2), 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.10: Annual Average Concentration of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), 2010 - 2019

Kepekatan(ppm) / Concentration(ppm) 0.04 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi SO2 (IT-2)= 0.035 ppm
Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for SO2 (IT-2)= 0.035 ppm

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.00

Industri/Industrial 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
0.0022 48 49 48 49 58 44 33 23 26

Bandar/Urban 42 45 46 48 46 57 44 35 28 32

Pinggir Bandar/ Suburban 36 41 39 40 41 49 39 31 26 29

Latarbelakang/Background 34 36 34 34 33 49 29 25 21 22

Luar Bandar/Rural 30 34 39 35 36 43 32 25 22 28

Rajah 1.10(a): Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.10(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) by Land Use, 2010- 2019

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NITROGEN In 2019, there was no change in NO2, which was
similar to the 2018 level. The NO2 concentrations
DIOKSIDA (NO2) remained high in urban areas mainly because
there was a significant increase in the number
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) of motor vehicles and combustion processes.
Estimation on NO2 emission load indicated that
Pada tahun 2019, kepekatan NO2 tidak berubah 66% was from power plants, while 25% was
dan sama seperti tahun 2018. Kepekatan NO2 from motor vehicles, 7 percent from industries
kekal tinggi di kawasan bandar disebabkan and 2% from other sources. The annual average
oleh peningkatan yang ketara dalam bilangan NO2 concentration in ambient air from 2010 to
kenderaan bermotor dan proses pembakaran. 2019 had remained almost constant and well
Anggaran beban pelepasan NO2 menunjukkan below the Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard
sebanyak 66 peratus adalah daripada loji IT-2. (Figure 1.11 and Figure 1.11(a))
janakuasa, 25 peratus daripada pelepasan
kenderaan bermotor, 7 peratus daripada industri
dan 2 peratus daripada lain-lain sumber.
Kepekatan purata tahunan NO2 dalam udara
ambien dari tahun 2010 hingga 2019 adalah stabil
dan jauh berada di bawah had yang ditetapkan
dalam Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia
IT-2. (Rajah 1.11 dan Rajah 1.11 (a))

Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm) 0.18 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi NO2 (IT-2)= 0.16ppm
0.16 Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for NO2 (IT-2)= 0.16ppm

0.14

0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

Kepekatan/ 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Concentration 0.0406 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0020 0.002 0.002 0.0015 0.001 0.0011

Nombor Lokasi / 41 44 44 44 44 44 42 52 52 52
Number of sites

Rajah 1.11: Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2), 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.11: Annual Average Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), 2010 - 2019

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Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm) 0.18 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi NO2 (IT-2)= 0.16ppm

Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for NO2 (IT-2)= 0.16ppm

0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

Industri / Industry 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bandar / Urban 0.0105 0.0104 0.0109 0.0109 0.011 0.0115 0.01 0.0058 0.0037 0.0038
Pinggir Bandar/ Suburban 0.0098 0.0105 0.0101 0.0103 0.0107 0.0101 0.011 0.011 0.0105
Latarbelakang / Background 0.0073 0.0081 0.0083 0.0077 0.0073 0.0088 0.0066 0.01 0.0073 0.0069
0.0019 0.0021 0.0022 0.0023 0.0021 0.0025 0.003 0.0075 0.0028 0.0032
0.0031

Rajah 1.11(a): Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010- 2019
Figure 1.11(a): Annual Average Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) by Land Use, 2010 - 2019

KARBON

MONOKSIDA (CO)

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

Kepekatan CO pada tahun 2019 menunjukkan In 2019, there was a slight increase in CO level
sedikit peningkatan berbanding tahun 2018. as compared to 2018. However, the trend of
Walau bagaimanapun, tren kepekatan CO dari CO concentration from 2010 to 2019 remained
tahun 2010 hingga 2019 adalah stabil. Tahap almost constant. The levels recorded were well
kepekatan yang dicatatkan juga mematuhi in compliance with the Malaysian Ambient Air
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Quality Standard IT-2 (Figure 1.12). Starting 2018,
IT-2 (Rajah 1.12). Bermula pada tahun 2018, there was no CO monitoring done in the industrial
pemantauan CO di kawasan industri tidak lagi area. In urban areas, the CO concentration was
dilakukan. Di kawasan bandar, kepekatan CO higher, whereby the main source of emission
adalah lebih tinggi yang berpunca daripada was from motor vehicles which contributed to
pelepasan kenderaan bermotor dengan 95 % of CO emission load in 2019. Figure 1.12(a)
menyumbang sebanyak 95 peratus daripada shows CO concentrations for various land use
beban pelepasan CO pada tahun 2019. Rajah 1.12 categories .
(a) menunjukkan kepekatan CO untuk pelbagai
kategori guna tanah.

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Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm) 10.0 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi CO (IT-2)= 9ppm
Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for CO (IT-2)= 9ppm

9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0

Kepekatan / 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Concentration 0.6510 0.6809 0.6827 0.6855 0.7238 0.6184 0.5588 0.5819 0.6521 0.6617

Nombor Lokasi / 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 45 45 45
Number of sites

Rajah 1.12: Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Karbon Monoksida (CO), 2010 - 2019
Figure 1.12: Annual Average Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO), 2010 - 2019

10.0 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi CO (IT-2)= 9ppm
Malaysian Ambien Air Quality Guideline for CO (IT-2)= 9ppm

Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm) 9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Industri / Industry 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bandar / Urban 0.0105 0.0104 0.0109 0.0109 0.011 0.0115 0.01 0.0058 0.0037 0.0038
Pinggir Bandar / Suburban 0.0098 0.0105 0.0101 0.0103 0.0107 0.0101 0.011 0.011 0.0105
Latarbelakang / Background 0.0073 0.0081 0.0083 0.0077 0.0073 0.0088 0.0066 0.01 0.0073 0.0069
0.0019 0.0021 0.0022 0.0023 0.0021 0.0025 0.003 0.0075 0.0028 0.0032
0.0031

Rajah 1.12(a): Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Karbon Monoksida (CO) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010- 2019
Figure 1.12(a): Annual Average Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO) by Land Use, 2010 - 2019

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BAB 2

CHAPTER 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
RIVER WATER QUALITY

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PROGRAM

PENGAWASAN KUALITI ALAM SEKITAR

THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME (EQMP)

Program Pengawasan Kualiti Alam Sekitar The Environmental Quality Monitoring
(EQMP) merupakan satu program inisiatif untuk Programme (EQMP) is a Government initiative
memantapkan pemantauan kualiti alam sekitar. to strengthen the monitoring of environmental
Program ini melibatkan pengumpulan data bagi quality. The programme involves data collection
kualiti air sungai di seluruh Malaysia bagi tujuan for river water quality throughout Malaysia for
untuk melaporkan tahap sebenar kualiti alam the purpose of reporting the actual level of
sekitar Negara dalam usaha untuk memantau, environmental quality in the country in order to
mencegah dan mengawal pencemaran. monitor, prevent and control pollution.

EQMP ini adalah penambahbaikan daripada The EQMP is an improvement of the existing
sistem pengawasan kualiti alam sekitar yang environmental quality monitoring system
telah digunapakai oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar that has been adopted by the Department of
(JAS) sejak tahun 1995 sehingga 2015 bagi Environment (DOE) from 1995 to 2015 for river
pengawasan kualiti air sungai. water quality monitoring.

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PENGAWASAN

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) meneruskan The Department of Environment (DOE) continues
program pengawasan kualiti air sungai pada the river water quality monitoring programme
tahun 2019 bagi menentukan kualiti air sungai in 2019 to determine the status of river water
dan mengesan perubahan ke atas kualiti air quality and to detect changes in river water
sungai. Sampel-sampel air sungai diambil quality. Water samples were collected from
daripada stesen-stesen yang telah ditetapkan designated stations for in-situ and laboratory
dan diukur kualitinya secara in-situ serta analysis to determine its physic-chemical and
dihantar ke makmal untuk dianalisis bertujuan biological characteristics. The Water Quality
menentukan kriteria dari segi fizik-kimia dan Index (WQI) is used to indicate the level of
biologi. Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA) digunakan untuk pollution and the corresponding suitability in
mengukur tahap pencemaran dan kesesuaian terms of water uses according to the National
jenis guna air seperti yang digariskan oleh Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQS)
Standard Kualiti Air Negara (ANNEX). IKA telah (ANNEX). The WQI takes into consideration
mengambilkira parameter Oksigen Terlarut (DO), parameters including Dissolved Oxygen (DO),
Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia (BOD), Keperluan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical
Oksigen Kimia (COD), Ammoniakal Nitrogen Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen
(NH3-N), Pepejal Terampai (SS) dan pH. Pada (NH3-N), Suspended Solids (SS) and pH. In 2019,
tahun 2019, kualiti air sungai telah dinilai river water quality was assessed based on a
berdasarkan sejumlah 8,118 sampel air sungai total of 8,118 samples taken from a total of 1,353
yang telah diambil daripada sejumlah 1,353 manual monitoring stations covering 672 rivers
stesen pengawasan manual yang merangkumi in Malaysia.
672 sungai.

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STATUS

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY STATUS

Sejumlah 408 (61%) sungai daripada 672 sungai Out of the 672 rivers monitored, 408 (61%)
yang diawasi telah menunjukkan indeks kualiti showed clean water quality, 205 (30%) were
air bersih, 205 (30%) adalah sederhana tercemar slightly polluted while 59 (9%) were polluted
dan 59 (9%) adalah tercemar (Rajah 2.1). Status (Figure 2.1). The monitored rivers and their
kualiti air bagi sungai-sungai yang diawasi overall quality status are as in Tables 2.1, Table
adalah seperti dalam Jadual 2.1, Jadual 2.2 dan 2.2 and Table 2.3.
Jadual 2.3.
As in previous years, the Biochemical Oxygen
Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia (BOD), Ammonikal Demand (BOD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N)
Nitrogen (NH3-N) dan Pepejal Terampai (SS) and Suspended Solids (SS) remained to be
masih menjadi punca kepada pencemaran significant in terms of river pollution. High
sungai. BOD yang tinggi kerap kali dikaitkan BOD can be attributed to inefficient treatment
dengan pengolahan sisa kumbahan yang of sewage or effluent from agro-based and
tidak berkesan, atau akibat pelepasan efluen manufacturing industries. The main sources of
daripada industri-industri pengilangan dan NH3-N maybe attributed from animal farming
berasaskan pertanian. Punca utama NH3-N pula and domestic sewage, while the sources for SS
boleh dikaitkan dengan aktiviti penternakan dan were mainly due to improper earthworks and
kumbahan domestik manakala punca utama SS land clearing activities.
adalah kerja-kerja tanah dan aktiviti pembukaan
tanah yang tidak teratur.

100 672
638
90
Peratus Bilangan Sungai / Number of River Percentage
579 577 570

80

70 464 477 477 477 477 477 477

60 58% 59% 58% 58% 58% 56% 61%
51% 30%
50 53% 51% 47% 46%
39% 43% 43%
40 38% 36% 35%
36% 36%

34% 34%
32%
30

20

10 8% 9% 13% 10% 10% 11% 8% 9%

8% 8% 6% 7%

0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Bersih / Clean Sederhana Tercemar / Slightly PolluTteadhun / YTearcremar / Polluted JTuomtallah / Total

Rajah 2.1 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai, 2008-2019
Figure 2.1 : River Water Quality Trend, 2008-2019

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Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN 2018 2019
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/
NUMBER OF IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
RIVER BASIN STATIONS WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS

Perlis Sg. Perlis  Sg. Wang 1 93 B/C I 94 B/C I
Kelian 2 II 82 B/C II
Kedah Sg. Kisap 2 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
(Langkawi) Sg. Arau
Sg. Ulu 1 83 B/C II 87 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Terusan 1 II 82 B/C II
Mada 1 88 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kedah 1 II 86 B/C II
Kedah Sg. Empangan 1 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
Timah Tasoh 1 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Merbok 1 84 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Ngulang 3 91 B/C II 82 B/C II
Kedah/ Sg. Muda 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
P.Pinang Sg. Jarum 1 91 B/C I 93 B/C I
1 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
P.Pinang Sg. Pinang Sg. Kok Mak 1 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
1 93 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Pelarit 1 90 B/C II 89 B/C II
87 B/C
Sg. Jernih 1 82 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Kisap 1 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
1 II 88 B/C II
Sg. Melaka 5 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
1 II 93 B/C I
Sg. Tuba 1 87 B/C II 93 B/C I

Sg. Petang 2 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
1 II 87 B/C II
Sg. Janing 1 80 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
12 92 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pedu 1 II 92 B/C II
2 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Sintok 1 II 85 B/C II
2 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Terusan 1 II 93 B/C I
Lengkuas 1 87 B/C I 93 B/C I
2 81 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Terusan 85 B/C
Mada Selatan
90 B/C
Sg. Terusan
Tengah 85 B/C
84 B/C
Sg. Ahning 82 B/C
90 B/C
Sg Padang 93 B/C
Terap
84 B/C
Sg. Tupah

Sg. Bukit
Nanas

Sg. Tok
Pawang

Sg. Chepir

Sg. Karangan

Sg. Muda

Sg. Gunung
Inas

Sg. Tawar

Sg. Ketil

Sg. Sedim

Sg. Pegang

Sg. Air Terjun

Sg. Batu
Feringghi

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Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

 P.Pinang/  Sg. Kluang Sg. Satu 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Kedah Sg. Perai Sg. Ara 2 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kulim 5 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
P.Pinang/ Sg. Kerian Sg. Kechil 2 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Kedah/Perak Sg. Selama 3 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kerian 6 82 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Bruas Sg. Terusan
Sg. Kurau Bagan Serai 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Rotan
Perak Sg. Licin 2 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Perak Sg. Bruas 1 93 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Dandang 3 85 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Ara 1 89 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kurau 2 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Chepor 4 80 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. 1 94 B/C I 94 B/C I
Chenderiang
Sg. Behrang 2 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Berok
Sg. Cuar 1 92 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Ibol 1 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Kerbau 1 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Klian 1 93 B/C I 93 B/C I
Gunung 2 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Pelus
Sg. Pulau 1 93 B/C I 93 B/C I
Sg. Rui
Sg. Tapah 2 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Klah 1 91 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Kinjang 2 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kampar 1 94 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Batang 2 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Padang 1 93 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sg. Kangsar 2 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Sungkai
Sg. Raia 3 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Perak
Sg. Bidor 3 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Manong 2 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tesong 2 85 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Who 18 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
3 78 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
1 92 B/C II 95 B/C I
1 94 B/C I 94 B/C I
1 92 B/C II 94 B/C I

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 2 39

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

Sg. Nyior 1 92 B/C II 95 B/C I
Sg. Raja Hitam 2 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
2 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Manjong 2 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
2 81 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Nyior 1 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
2 90 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Temerloh
5 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Perak Sg. Sepetang Sg. Jana
  Sg. Limau 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Selangor/ 1 87 B/C II 85 B/C II
Perak Sg. Trong 3 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
3 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Selangor Sg. Batu 8 77 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Tegoh 1 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Selangor/ 1 90 B/C II 93 B/C I
WPKL Sg. Inki 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
10 82 B/C II 81 B/C II
Selangor/ Sg. Dusun 1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Putrajaya/ 1 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
N.Sembilan Sg. Bernam Sg. Slim
Melaka/ Sg. Trolak 1 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
N.Sembilan
Sg. Bernam 1 76 ST/SP III 92 B/C II
N.Sembilan/ 4 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Gelinting
1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kerling
1 74 ST/SP III 83 B/C II
Sg. Rangkap 82 B/C
2 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Selangor 2 83 B/C II 87 B/C II
3 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Selangor Sg. Kanching 1 II 86 B/C II
Sg. Serendah 82 B/C
1 II 87 B/C II
Sg. Batang 82 B/C
Kali 6 II 82 B/C II
83 B/C
Sg. Air Hitam 1 81 B/C II 84 B/C II
2 II 83 B/C II
Sg. Tengi Sg. Tengi 85 B/C
1 II 88 B/C II
Sg. Klang Sg. Rumput 86 B/C
1 84 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Langat Sg. Anak 1 II 85 B/C II
Sg. Melaka Chuau

Sg. Linggi Sg. Rinching

Sg. Chuau

Sg. Tampin

Sg. Dusun

Sg.
Kemunting

Sg. Batang
Penar

Sg. Jelai

Sg. Kepayong

Sg. Batu
Hampar

Sg. Muar

Sg. Siput

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

40 BAB 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN 2018 2019
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/
NUMBER OF IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
RIVER BASIN STATIONS WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS

 N.Sembilan/  Sg. Linggi Sg. Kundur 1 88 B/C II 86 B/C II
Melaka Besar
Sg. Pedas 1 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Rembau 2 85 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg.
Sg. Seri Chembong 1 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Chohong
2 85 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Duyong Sg. Udang
1 86 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Batu Sg. Gapam
Pahat Sg. Kahang 1 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Merek 1 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Benut Sg. Merpo 1 82 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Bantang 1 81 B/C II 81 B/C II
Johor Sg. Chaah 1 93 B/C I 91 B/C II
Sg. Lenik 1 78 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Johor Sg. 1 79 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Semberong 85
Sg. Mersing Dam 1 II 85 B/C II
Sg. Machap B/C
Sg. Pulai Dam 1 II 91 B/C II
Sg. Pelepah 84 B/C
Sg. Sedili Sg. Telor 4 II 91 B/C II
Besar Sg. Lebam 1 86 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Papan 1 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Penggeli 1 84 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Sening 2 81 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Linggiu 1 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Layang 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Remis 1 84 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Semangar 1 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Sayong 1 83 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Santi 4 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Layau Kiri 1 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Belitong 1 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Johor 1 89 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Empangan 6 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Congok 80 ST/SP
Sg. Mersing 1 II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pulai Dam 77 ST/SP
Sg. Dohol 3 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Ambat 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Pasir 1 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Panjang 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II

1 85 B/C II 87 B/C II

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 2 41

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN 2018 2019
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/
NUMBER OF IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
RIVER BASIN STATIONS WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS

Johor Sg. Sedili Sg. Sedili 6 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Besar Besar
1 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Sedili Sg. Temubor
Kecil Kanan 2 80 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
81 B/C
Sg. Sedili 2 90 B/C II 86 B/C II
Kecil 1 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
1 86 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Jemaluang Sg. Jemaluang 1 84 B/C II 82 B/C II
1 86 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Air Panas 3 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
3 II 88 B/C II
Sg. Belemang 80 ST/SP
2 84 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Meda 88 B/C
1 79 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Pendol 1 79 ST/SP II 91 B/C II
25 94 B/C II 82 B/C II
Johor/ Sg. Segamat 2 II 82 B/C II
N.Sembilan/ Sg. Muar 1 91 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sg. Juasseh
Pahang 1 83 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. 84 B/C
Gemencheh 2 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
1 89 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Jelai 1 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
1 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Jementah 3 II 89 B/C II
3 76 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Muar 77 ST/SP
1 III 84 B/C II
Sg. Palong 78 ST/SP
1 II 81 B/C II
Sg. Jasin 83 B/C
5 89 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Empangan
Labong 2 84 B/C II 92 B/C II
1 II 87
Sg. Lenggor 91 B/C B/C II
1 92 B/C II 84
Sg. Mamai 84 B/C B/C II
1 85 B/C II 89
Sg. Tamok 1 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
2 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Selai 2 II 87 B/C II
1 II 90 B/C II
Pahang/Johor Sg. Endau Sg. Endau 1 II 90 B/C II
Sg. Kahang B/C II

Sg. Anak Sg
Semberong

Sg. Paloh

Sg.
Semberong

Sg. Anak
Endau

Sg. Teranum

Sg.Anak Sg.
Lepar

Pahang/ Sg. Pahang Sg. Belayar
N.Sembilan Sg. Berkelah
Sg. Bilut
 

Sg. Jengka

Sg. Krau

Sg. Maran

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

42 BAB 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

Pahang/ Sg. Pahang Sg. Mentiga 3 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
N.Sembilan Sg. Penjuring 1 91 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Pertang 2 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Raub 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Retang 1 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Salak 1 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tasik Bera 1 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Telemong 3 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Teras 2 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Jempol 5 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Telang 1 87 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Teris 3 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Benus 3 86 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kelau 4 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Lipis 3 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Tembeling 1 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Perting 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Tahan 1 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Teh 1 84 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Pahang 27 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Tanglir 5 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Koyan 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Lepar 1 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Luit 1 84 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Bentong 6 84 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Tasik Chini 10 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Semantan 4 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Tekal 1 83 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Kertam 1 83 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. T. Paya
Bungor 1 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Triang
Sg. Jelai 3 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Habu 3 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Lenggok 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Bertam 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Burung 4 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Ringlet 1 90 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tringkap 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Terla 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Telom 2 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
2 83 B/C II 85 B/C II

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 2 43

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

Pahang/  Sg. Pahang Sg. Bera 5 80 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
N.Sembilan Sg. Balok Sg. Chini 1 80 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Bebar Sg. Gapoi 1 92 B/C II 94 B/C I
Pahang Sg. Kundang 1 64 ST/SP III 86 B/C II
Sg. Kuantan Sg. Ulong 1 92 B/C II 94 B/C I
Terengganu Sg. Panjang 1 77 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Merchong Sg. Bebar 2 79 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Merba 1 76 ST/SP III 86 B/C II
Sg. Rompin Sg. Serai 2 79 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Kenau 1 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Besut Sg. Charu 1 85 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Dungun Sg. Kuantan 8 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kemaman Sg. Pinang 1 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Chukai Sg. Reman 1 81 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kertih Sg. Riau 1 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Kluang Sg. Pandan 1 84 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Marang Sg. Merchong 2 78 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pukin 3 81 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Jekatih 2 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Jeram 1 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Keratong 4 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sepayang 1 81 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pontian 5 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Aur 1 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kepasing 1 80 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Rompin 5 80 ST/SP II 87 B/C II
Sg. Besut 5 87 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Jertih 1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Dungun 5 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Telemboh 1 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Cherul 3 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Perasing 1 83 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Kemaman 3 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Ibok 2 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Bungkus 1 80 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Kertih 2 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kluang 1 82 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kerak 1 70 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Marang 1 85 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Temala 1 85 B/C II 87 B/C II

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

44 BAB 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

Sg. Setiu Sg. Bari 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Terengganu  Sg. Paka Sg. Chalok 3 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Tarom 1 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Setiu 2 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Terengganu Sg. Besul 1 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Golok Sg. Paka 3 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Rengat 1 87 B/C II 85 B/C II
Kelantan Sg. Kelantan Sg. Berang 2 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Nerus 6 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Kemasin Sg. Telemong 1 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg.
Terengganu 4 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Golok
Sg. Jedok 5 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Lanas 1 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Chiku 1 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kenkren 2 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Ketil 1 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Muring 2 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pelaur 1 88 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Penangau 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tuang 1 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Pergau 1 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Lebir 8 90 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Galas 5 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Betis 5 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Kerilla 1 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Nal 2 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Relai 3 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Sokor 2 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Belatop 1 85 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Ber 3 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Berok 1 78 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Kelantan 3 77 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Kelesa 7 80 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Nenggiri 1 80 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pehi 3 78 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Rasau 2 83 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kemasin 1 78 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Semerak 2 78 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
3 84 B/C II 84 B/C II

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 2 45

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

Sg. Apas Sg. Apas 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
1 89 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Balung Sg. Balung 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
2 87 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Bongawan Sg. Bongawan 2 92 B/C II 91 B/C II
1 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Bengkoka Sg. Bengkoka
2 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Menggaris
1 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Bandau 3 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Bingkongan 1 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg.
Bingkongan 3 84 B/C II 89 B/C II

Sg. Tandek 1 84 B/C II 89 B/C II

Sg. Kalabakan Sg. Kalabakan 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I

Sg. Brantian Sg. Brantian 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
2 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Sg. 1 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Kalumpang Kalumpang 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Pang 1 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Burong 1
1 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sg. 1 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Kedamaian Kedamaian 1 84 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Wariu 4 83 B/C II 87 B/C II

Sg. Tempasuk 1 89 B/C II 92 B/C II
2 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kimanis Sg. Kimanis 2 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Koyah 1 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
1 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sabah Sg. 1 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
Menanggul 2 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
3 86 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Pin
Kinabatangan Sg. Takala 1 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Leepang
1 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. 1 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
Kinabatangan
2 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Karamuak
3 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kinipir

Sg. Liwagu

Sg. Labok Sg. Maliau

Sg. Labok

Sg. Tungud

Sg. Lakutan Sg. Lakutan

Sg. Likas Sg. Menggatal
Sg. Inanam

Sg. Sg.
Lingkungan Lingkungan

Sg. Bukau

Sg. Membakut Sg. Membakut

Sg. Sg.
Menggalong Menggalong

Sg. Merotai Sg. Merotai

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

46 BAB 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

 Sabah Sg. Mounad Sg. Mounad 2 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sarawak Sg. Moyog Sg. Moyog 4 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Bunsit 1 90 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Padas Sg. Liawan 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Padas 4 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Paitan Sg. Pegalan 3 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Papar Sg. Tandulu 1 93 B/C I 90 B/C II
Sg. Sapi Sg. Pangatan 1 88 B/C II 86 B/C II
  Sg. Paitan 1 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Segama Sg. Papar 5 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Segaliud Sg. Sapi 3 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Silabukan Sg. Sualong 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Segama 3 84 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sugut Sg. Segaliud 2 81 B/C II 87 B/C II
  Sg. Silabukan 2 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
  Sg. Merali 1 88 B/C II 92 B/C II
  Sg. Bongkud 1 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Lohan 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tawau Sg. Sugut 3 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Tenghilan Sg. Tawau 4 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tingkayu Sg. Tenghilan 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Tingkayu 2 84 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tuaran Sg. Tuaran 2 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Song Sai 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Tungku Sg. Damit 2 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Umas- Sg. Tungku 2 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Umas Sg. Umas-
Sg. Baram Umas 1 83 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Balingian Sg. Tutuh
Sg. Lawas Sg. Baram 1 86 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Kemena Sg. Balingian 4 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Lawas 2 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kerian Sg. Kemena 3 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sibiu 4 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kayan Sg. Kerian 1 86 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Limbang Sg. Seblak 2 83 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Lupar Sg. Selalang 1 80 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
  Sg. Kayan 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Limbang 3 79 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Lupar 5 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sekerang 3 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 2 47

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2019
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

NEGERI/ LEMBANGAN SUNGAI/ BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATE SUNGAI/ RIVER STESEN/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN STATIONS

Sarawak   Sg. Lupar Sg. Seterap 1 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Mukah Sg. Undup 1 91 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Miri Sg. Ai 2 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
  Sg. Mukah 5 79 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Niah Sg. Lutong 2 71 ST/SP III 86 B/C II
  Sg. Padang
Liku 1 80 ST/SP II 90 B/C II
Sg. Rajang Sg. Niah 88 B/C II 90
Sg. Sekaloh 2 78 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak Sg. Binatang 2 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Baloi 1 84 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Sibuti Sg. Meradong 1 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Oya Sg. Rajang 1 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Similajau Sg. Sarikei 11 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Trusan Sg. Julau 2 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Saribas Sg. Kanowit 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Suai Sg. Pakan 1 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tatau Sg. Pila Parit 1 71 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Semadang 1 93 B/C I 90 B/C II
Semunsam Sg. Kelantan 1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Sadong Sg. Kuap 1 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
  Sg. Sarawak 2 B/C II
Kiri 92 B/C II 87
Sg. Tapah 1 II 89 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak 90 B/C II 85
Sg. Sarawak 1 88 B/C B/C II
Kanan 6 II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kejapil 86 B/C II 90
Sg. Sibuti 1 II 86 B/C II
Sg. Satap 85 B/C II 86
Sg. Oya 1 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Similajau 2 78 ST/SP II 89 B/C II
Sg. Trusan 1 79 ST/SP II 92 B/C II
Sg. Layar 3 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Suai 2 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tatau 1 77 ST/SP II 87 B/C II
Sg. 2 84 B/C B/C II
Semunsam 1 87 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sadong 1 B/C II
Sg. Tarat 87 B/C II 84
1 II 90 B/C II
80 ST/SP
4 92 B/C B/C II
1 B/C II

Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/ Clean
ST/SP: Sederhana tercemar/ Slightly polluted
T/P : Tercemar Polluted

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

48 BAB 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.2 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Sederhana Tercemar, 2019
Table 2.2 : Water Quality Status of Slightly Polluted Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

LEMBANGAN BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
SUNGAI/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NEGERI/ SUNGAI/ STESEN/
STATE RIVER BASIN RIVER
NUMBER OF IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATIONS
WQI CATEGORY CLASS

Sg. Korok 1 73 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Perlis 1
Perlis Sg. Perlis Sg. Serai 1 72 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Kedah Sg. Changlun 1
Kedah Sg. Kedah 1 81 B/C II 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Merbok Sg. Napoh 1
Kedah Sg. Pendang 1 79 ST/SP II 77 ST/SP II
(Langkawi) Sg. Ulu Melak Sg. Tekai 1
Sg. Kuah Sg. Temin 1 66 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Kedah/ Sg. Merbok 1
P.Pinang Sg. Korok 1 78 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Bongkok 1
P.Pinang Sg. Batu 1 77 ST/SP II 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Bukit
P.Pinang/ Merah 1 83 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Kedah Sg. Chenang
Sg. Saga 1 78 ST/SP II 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Kuah 1
1 74 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II

2 70 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III

2 71 ST/SP III 63 ST/SP III

1 75 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III

1 81 B/C II 80 ST/SP II

3 54 T/P III 69 ST/SP III
1 76 ST/SP III
1 84 B/C II 74 ST/SP III

2 65 ST/SP III

Sg. Muda Sg. Jerong 5 68 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III

Sg. Bayan Sg. Tiram 1 74 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Lepas 1
Sg. Jawi Sg. Bayan 1 70 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Lepas 6
Sg. Juru 3 72 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Machang 1
Sg. Kluang Bubok 67 ST/SP III 62 ST/SP III
1 49 T/P IV 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Pinang Sg. Junjong 70 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Perai 3
Sg. Tengah 6 74 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III

Sg. Ara 68 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III

Sg. 59 T/P III 61 ST/SP III
Permatang 66 ST/SP III
Rawa 79 ST/SP II 63 ST/SP III
74 ST/SP III
Sg. Kilang 70 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Ubi 64 ST/SP III
71 ST/SP III
Sg. Pasir 63 ST/SP III
70 ST/SP III
Sg. Relau 76 ST/SP III
67 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Kluang
65 ST/SP III
Sg. Dondang
76 ST/SP III
Sg. Pinang 70 ST/SP III

Sg. Jelutong

Sg. Titi
Kerawang

Sg. Air Itam

Sg. Jarak

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019

CHAPTER 2 49

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.2 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Sederhana Tercemar, 2019
Table 2.2 : Water Quality Status of Slightly Polluted Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

LEMBANGAN BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
SUNGAI/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NEGERI/ SUNGAI/ STESEN/
STATE RIVER BASIN RIVER
NUMBER OF IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATIONS
WQI CATEGORY CLASS

Sg. Kubang 1 61 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Semang
1
Sg. Seluang 1 62 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
2 76 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
 P.Pinang/  Sg. Perai Sg. Keladi 59 T/P III 63 ST/SP III
Kedah 2
Sg. Perai
P.Pinang/ 1
Kedah/ Sg. Seluang 1 59 T/P III 65 ST/SP III
Perak Bawah 1
2
Perak Sg. Semang 9 80 ST/SP II 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Serdang 2 73 ST/SP III
Selangor Sg. Kerian 2 75 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
2 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2 76 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
1 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Kerdah 75 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
2 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Kinta 76 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
1 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Kepayang 1 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Pinji 1 65 ST/SP III
1
Sg. Pari 71 ST/SP III
2
Sg. Serokai 61 ST/SP III
2
Sg. Sintang 65 ST/SP III
3
Sg. Perak Sg. Sungkai
Mati 1
2 72 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
2
Sg. Nyamok 2 76 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
2
Sg. Teja 2 76 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
1
Sg. Tumboh 1 70 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
1
Sg. Kuang 3 84 B/C II 80 ST/SP II

Sg. Klian 74 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Baru

Sg. Derhaka 77 ST/SP II 68 ST/SP III

Sg. Raja Hitam Sg. Raja 69 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Hitam 75 ST/SP III
76 ST/SP III
Sg. Lidin 78 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
79 ST/SP II
Sg. Sepetang Sg. Malai 68 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
74 ST/SP III
Sg. Sepetang 76 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Wangi 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Wangi Sg. Deralik 76 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
75 ST/SP III
71 ST/SP III

Sg. Sembah 74 ST/SP III

Sg. Guntong 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Selangor
64 ST/SP III
Sg. Kundang

Sg. Rawang 70 ST/SP III

Sg. Sepang Sg. Sepang 78 ST/SP II

MALAYSIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2019

50 BAB 2

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY

Jadual 2.2 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Sederhana Tercemar, 2019
Table 2.2 : Water Quality Status of Slightly Polluted Rivers, 2019

2018 2019

LEMBANGAN BILANGAN IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
SUNGAI/ WQI CATEGORY CLASS
NEGERI/ SUNGAI/ STESEN/
STATE RIVER BASIN RIVER
NUMBER OF IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
STATIONS
WQI CATEGORY CLASS

Sg. Semenyih 3 78 ST/SP II 77 ST/SP II

Sg. Batang 1 73 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
Benar
8 72 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Batang 76 ST/SP III
Labu 1 79 ST/SP II 76 ST/SP III
1
Selangor/ Sg. Beranang 73 ST/SP III
Putrajaya/ 1
N.Sembilan Sg. Langat Sg. Buan 80 ST/SP II 74 ST/SP III
1 60 ST/SP III
Selangor/ Sg. Klang Sg. Limau 1 63 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
WPKL Manis 2 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Duyong 80 ST/SP II
Melaka  Sg. Kesang Sg. Sering 2
64 ST/SP III
Sg. Seri Sg. Jijan 9
Melaka 5 69 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Pajam 72 ST/SP III
1 70 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Batang 75 ST/SP III
Nilai 3
3 73 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Langat 1 67 ST/SP III
3 61 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Batu 5 64 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
68 ST/SP III 60 ST/SP III
Sg. Anak Air 5 67 ST/SP III 63 ST/SP III
Batu 66 ST/SP III
4
Sg. Bunos 1 64 ST/SP III 62 ST/SP III
2 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Penchala 67 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
1 73 ST/SP III 60 ST/SP III
Sg. Pusu 58 T/P III
1
Sg. Keroh 3 57 T/P III 67 ST/SP III
3
Sg. Gombak 3 82 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
1
Sg. 1 66 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Damansara
1 74 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Jinjang
74 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Rasau
62 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Ampang
70 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Sg.
Belongkong 61 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III

Sg. Semelah

Sg. Duyong

Sg. Kesang

Sg. Chin Chin

Sg. Tangkak

Sg. Air Salak

Sg. Seri
Melaka

LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2019