Handbook of the Sociology of Education in the 21st Century

584 Author Index

Hummer, R.A., 268 Kofman, Y., 352, 353
Hunt, M.O., 237, 238 Kojaku, L.K., 177, 178
Hunt, S.L., 289 Kramer, R., 74, 179, 180, 185, 393, 566
Hurtado, S., 178, 391, 394 Krehbiel, L.E., 172, 178, 182
Hurwitz, M., 421, 425 Kruger, H., 342
Hyde, J., 133, 135, 142 Kuh, G.D., 172, 178, 182, 390, 394
Kumashiro, K., 137
I Kurlaender, M., 361–378, 411, 412, 438
Inkelas, K.K., 203
Irizarry, Y., 146 L
Ishitani, T.T., 172, 178 Labaree, D.F., 252, 254, 362, 389, 405
Ispa-Landa, S., 144, 147 Ladd, H., 229, 236, 520
Ladd, H.F., 280, 480, 482, 521
J Landale, N.S., 116, 352
Jabbar, H., 229, 242 Lareau, A., 4, 11–16, 18, 19, 21–25, 41, 45, 48, 91, 102,
Jack, A.A., 172, 175, 181, 185, 187, 393
Jackson, B.A., 175, 181, 185 103, 174, 179, 180, 227, 234, 235, 237–240, 345,
Jackson, C.K., 309, 518, 521 366, 374, 435, 447, 541
Jacobs, J.A., 73, 258, 395 Lauff, E., 133, 141
Jaggars, S.S., 423 Lavin, D., 415, 416, 433, 548
Jalomo, R.E., 183 Lavin, D.E., 411
Jaquette, O., 409 Lee, B.A., 234
Jarvis, P.A., 342 Lee, C., 205, 343
Jencks, C., 5, 7, 18, 19, 56, 73, 74, 225, 258, 279, 388 Lee, D., 92, 350, 352
Jenkins, D., 9, 10, 417, 539, 542, 552 Lee, E.M., 179, 180, 185, 393
Jennings, J., 56, 133, 135, 144, 193, 228, 238, 240, 242, Lee, J., 25, 110, 117, 119, 120, 123, 133, 145, 160, 205,
374
283, 475–488, 518 Lee, J.C., 341, 345
Jeong, D.W., 415 Lee, J.M., 340
Jepsen, C., 279, 280, 520 Lee, R., 34
Johnson, C.S., 123 Lee, S.A., 201
Johnson, M.K., 329, 340, 346 Lee, S.J., 119, 133, 137, 341, 345
Johnston, L.D., 78, 343 Lee, S.W.Y., 289
Jovel, J.E., 185 Lee, V., 225, 329, 517
Junkin, R., 341, 343 Lee, V.E., 58, 59, 64, 65, 224, 225, 236, 252, 259, 329,
365, 370, 494, 517, 520
K Lee, Z.S., 203
Kalenkoski, C.M., 340 Legewie, J., 145
Kalogrides, D., 278, 366, 408, 419, 439, 520 Lehmann, W., 179, 183, 188, 393
Kao, G., 109–124, 364 Leigh, D.E., 413, 414, 536
Karabel, J., 376, 389, 409, 414, 536, 540 LePore, P.C., 348, 368, 369
Karbownik, K., 224, 230 Levey, T., 415, 416, 548
Karlson, K.B., 267 Lewis, A.E., 40, 45
Karp, M., 424, 438, 550 Lewis, K., 326
Kasinitz, P., 123, 154, 352 Lewis, L., 415
Katz, L.F., 252, 253, 268, 378, 434, 447 Li, D., 485
Kelchen, R., 173, 175, 408, 418–420 Li, H., 261
Kelloway, E.K., 342 Li, J., 418, 438
Kelly-Reid, J.E., 351 Li, S., 135, 137
Kendal, N., 420 Li, W., 481
Kerckhoff, A.C., 87, 88, 339, 369, 438, 442 Light, A., 339
Kim, C., 117, 303, 305, 306 Lindberg, S., 133, 142
Kim, D.H., 183, 184 Linn, M., 133, 142
Kim, Y.K., 179, 180 Lleras, C., 30, 259
Kimelberg, S.M., 237, 240 Logue, A.W., 548
Kisker, C.B., 406 Lohfink, M.M., 184, 186
Kleitman, S., 340, 346 London, H.B., 172
Knapp, L.G., 351 Long, B., 377, 548
Long, B.T., 281, 375–377, 411, 412, 415, 416, 438,
542, 548

Author Index 585

Long, D., 281 Monahan, K.C., 340
Long, D.A., 515 Monk, D.H., 257
Long, M., 136 Mont’Alvao, A., 338
Long, M.C., 256, 258, 365, 366, 370–372 Montez, J.K., 268
Long, S.M., 178 Morgan, D.L, 180, 392
Lopez Turley, R.N., 232, 561–577 Morgan, J.C., 346
Lopuch, M., 56, 144 Morris, E.W., 17, 31, 147
Lovenheim, M., 407 Mortimer, J.T., 338, 340–344, 346–348, 350–353, 447
Lovenheim, M.F., 418, 438, 464 Moss, B.G., 548
Lubienski, C., 231, 232, 235, 241, 242, 259 Mullen, A.L., 174, 175, 179, 184, 185
Lubienski, S., 133 Muller, C., 30, 134, 135, 145, 202, 235, 236, 257, 261,
Lubienski, S.T., 224, 284
Lucas, S., 15, 94, 99, 138, 140, 260, 263 262, 264, 267, 268, 302, 303, 306, 307, 310, 319,
Lucas, S.R., 68, 74, 85, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 100, 328, 364, 494
Muñoz, S.M., 154, 174, 181, 182
103, 133, 138, 140, 252–255, 260, Museus, S.D., 422
263, 266
Lundberg, C.A., 173, 179, 183 N
Lutovsky, B.R., 422 Nagaoka, J., 118, 141, 232, 233, 422, 571, 574
Lyons, J.W., 178 Nagin, D.S., 348
Nakata, Y.F., 343
M Nash, K., 343
MacDonald, R., 351, 363, 406, 414, 447 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES),
MacKay, K.A., 178
Maldonado, M.M., 154, 174, 181, 182 20, 75–77, 79, 80, 111–115, 134, 139–141, 143,
Malkus, N., 278, 415 176, 177, 210, 264, 277, 364, 365, 371, 378, 406,
Mane, F., 267 407, 409, 435
Mare, R.D., 56, 84, 348 Netz, N., 177
Markus, H.R., 186, 468 Newman, K.S., 123, 346, 433
Marsh, D.G., 98 Nora, A., 172, 178, 179, 183, 394
Marsh, H.W., 259, 338, 340, 346, 364, 495 Nord, C., 139, 140, 261, 264
Marsh, J.A., 286, 479, 481, 567 Núñez, A.M., 172, 173, 177, 178, 184, 187
Martin, E.W., 259
Martin, G.L., 390, 394 O
Martin, J.P., 182 Oakes, J., 42, 48, 50, 56, 119, 121, 138, 140, 251–254,
Martin, K., 309
Martin, K.A., 211 256–258, 260, 265, 266, 268, 368–370, 483
Martin, S., 458 O’Connor, C., 184, 261
Martin, V., 277 Ohlendorf, G.W., 174, 458
Martin, W., 197 Olneck, M.R., 253
Martinez, G.F., 156 Olsen, E., 195
McCabe, J., 174, 175, 181, 183, 185, 187, 188 Olsen, L., 253
McCarroll, J., 140 Olson, L.S., 61, 63, 259, 284, 339, 346, 494
McGlone, M.S., 136, 146 O’Malley, P.M., 78, 341, 343, 346, 351
McNall, M., 352, 353 Organization for Economic Cooperation and
McNeal, R.B., Jr., 341, 342
Mehan, H., 253, 259, 565 Development (OECD), 27, 75, 178, 265, 266, 486
Messersmith, E.E., 340, 348 Oropesa, R.S., 116, 352
Mickelson, R.A., 31, 121, 132, 135, 138, 140, 238, 258, Orr, D., 177
Osgood, D.W., 326, 332, 340, 348
260, 518 Ostrove, J.M., 178
Mihalic, S.W., 340 Ovink, S.M., 147
Millar, S.B., 178
Miller, M.K., 182 P
Miller, S.R., 354 Pabilonia, S.W., 340
Miller, S.S., 173 Page, L.C., 377, 545
Mills, J.N., 224, 235 Paino, M., 231, 232
Milner, H.R.I., 258 Pallas, A.M., 254, 257, 369, 408, 438, 442
Milner, M., 327, 328 Pang, J.M., 137
Mollenkopf, J.H., 123, 154, 352 Pang, V.O., 137
Monaghan, D.B., 410, 415, 539, 546 Parsad, B., 415

586 Author Index

Pascarella, E.T., 172, 173, 178, 179, 182, 183, 389–394, Roderick, M., 118, 141, 232, 233, 422, 443, 571, 574
398, 414, 537 Rodriguez, O., 161, 416, 443, 538
Rogers, K.A., 342
Paternoster, R., 341, 345, 348, 350 Roksa, J., 27, 143, 174–176, 185, 186, 385–399, 409,
Patrick, M., 342
Patterson, O., 11, 425 417, 418, 438, 441, 444, 446
Pattillo, M., 238–240, 242 Roscigno, V.J., 23, 139, 257
Paulsen, M.B., 184, 186, 392 Rose, H., 267
Paunesku, D., 468, 546 Rose, S.J., 370, 372
Peebles, C., 346 Rose, T., 42
Perna, L., 376, 407 Rosenbaum, J.E., 255, 291, 354, 362–364, 376, 410,
Perna, L.W., 373, 435, 436, 438, 442, 449
Perreira, K.M., 92, 350, 352 414–416, 424, 425, 431–452, 461, 537–540
Person, A.E., 401, 407, 414, 415, 423, 424, 434–436, Ross, C.E., 142, 268
Ross, T., 142, 268
438, 443–445, 537, 539, 540 Rothstein, D.S., 348
Peterson, P., 236 Rouse, C.E., 223, 412, 413, 479, 482, 539, 543
Peterson, P.E., 223, 226–227, 230, 235, 236 Roy, K., 354
Pfeffer, F.T., 419, 432, 438, 439, 536, 539 Rubin, G., 199
Pfirman, A.L., 182 Ruiz, A.G., 154–156, 158
Phillips, S., 350 Ruscoe, G., 346
Pianta, R.C., 256 Ryu, S., 341, 342
Pierson, C.T., 173, 178, 183, 392, 394
Pike, G., 172, 178 S
Pimentel, E.E., 343 Saenz, V.B., 177
Planty, M., 109, 111, 116, 140, 277, 371, 376, 406 Saffron, D.J., 342
Pong, S.L., 137 Sandstrom, K., 350, 352
Porter, A., 206, 268, 369 Santos, J., 422
Porter, A.C., 306 Saporito, S., 74, 235, 237, 238
Porter, S., 303, 305, 309 Sass, T., 225, 229, 284
Portes, A., 119–121, 123, 154, 174, 298, 310, 363, 494 Saunders, M., 183
Powell, A.G., 254, 306 Saw, G., 354
Powell, B., 59, 66 Sax, L.J., 179, 180
Powell, W., 574, 575 Schiller, K., 264
Powell, W.W., 228, 385, 507, 563, 570, 572, 575 Schmader, T., 136, 146
Presley, C., 351, 352 Schmidt, W.H., 265, 266, 268
Preston, C., 231, 232, 241 Schneider, B., 40, 48, 176, 183, 184, 226, 227, 235,
Provasnik, S., 376, 406
Puquirre, W.V., 182 237–240, 286, 287, 291, 303, 306, 307, 319, 343,
350, 354, 362, 370, 374, 414, 432, 438, 446, 447,
Q 449, 457–469
Quinn, D., 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 134, 139 Schneider, M., 45, 47, 241
Quinn, D.M., 60, 63–67, 259 Schoenhals, M., 340, 348
Schreiner, L.A., 405–426, 432
R Schueler, B., 56
Radford, A.W., 117, 118, 540 Schuh, J.H., 178
Raftery, A.E., 15, 100, 262, 550 Schulenberg, J., 342
Rauscher, K.J., 341, 343 Schwab, R.M., 226
Reardon, S.F., 34, 60, 62–64, 68, 120, 225, 234, 235, Scott-Clayton, J., 376, 407, 415, 416, 421, 423, 537–539,
542, 548
240, 275, 368, 422, 494, 521 Scrivener, S., 424, 545, 547, 550, 552
Rendón, L.I., 183 Seider, M., 180, 186, 392, 393
Renzulli, L.A., 140, 231, 232, 236, 259 Senter, M.S, 176
Reyes, O., 364, 419 Serna, I., 183
Reynolds, C.L., 414 Sewell, W.H., 73, 87, 120, 121, 174, 339, 362, 363, 446,
Reynolds, J., 351 458, 494
Rich, P., 485 Shakeel, M.D., 223, 224
Riegle-Crumb, C., 131–148, 260, 364, 366, 375 Shanahan, M.J., 340–343, 346, 350
Riehl, C., 257, 278 Shapiro, N.S., 237
Rist, R., 42 Sherman, D., 352
Robinson, J., 133 Shifrer, D., 261, 262
Sischo, L., 351

Author Index 587

Skomsvold, P., 410 Tugend, A., 176
Slaton, K.A., 177 Turner, L., 545
Slavin, R.E., 256, 369, 461 Turner, L.J., 482
Smeeding, T.M., 406 Turner, M.C., 545
Smith, C.L., 377 Turner, R.H., 255
Snyder, T., 118, 124, 134, 368, 406, 407 Turner, R.K., 197
Sohoni, D., 74, 235 Turner, S., 377, 407, 464
Sorensen, N., 252, 256, 266 Turner, S.E., 75
Sorokin, P.A., 173 Tuttle, C., 33, 227, 241
Spalter-Roth, R., 176 Tyack, D.B., 254, 565
Sparks, D., 415 Tyler, J.H., 340, 348
Speroni, C., 422 Tyler, R.W., 257
Spiegler, T., 177, 186
Sprague, J., 175 U
Spring, J.H., 252 Uggen, C., 340, 342, 343, 348
Springer, L., 178, 179 Upcraft, M.L., 178
Staff, J., 326, 337–355 U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 257
Staklis, S., 118 U.S. Department of Education, 79, 80, 109, 110,
Stampen, J., 420
Stanton-Salazar, R., 182 112–116, 137, 173, 176, 228, 231, 232, 255, 258,
Steenbergen-Hu, S., 256 264, 341, 371, 469, 478, 514, 522, 541
Stein, M.L., 237, 238 U.S. Department of Education, National Center for
Steinberg, L.D., 40, 338, 339, 341 Education Statistics., 79, 80, 112–115, 264, 371
Stephens, N.M., 176, 183, 186, 187
Stern, D., 343 V
Sternberg, R.J., 143 Van Vooren, N., 176
Stevens, C., 232, 233 Vargas, J., 422
Stevens, M.L., 386, 387 Vargas, S., 366–367
Stevens, W.D., 237, 239, 242 Velez, E.D.V., 365, 539
Stevenson, D., 343, 350, 374, 414, 432, 438, 447, Velez, M., 438
Velez, V., 154
449, 462 Velez, W., 411
Stewart, M., 48 Voloshin, I., 341
Stewart, T., 48 Von Hippel, P.T, 59, 63–66
Stollberg, R.S., 177 Voyer, D., 132
Stoltzfus, K., 421, 422 Voyer, S., 132
Stoner, C., 172, 185 Vuolo, M., 344, 351
Strange, C.C., 172, 178
Stuber, J.M., 174, 175, 181, 184–188, 389, 391, 392 W
Suárez-Orozco, C., 161, 258 Waddington, R.J., 224, 236
Sutton, A., 257 Wakefield, S., 347
Sweeten, G., 345, 348, 350 Wakhungu, P.K., 408, 415, 418, 465, 535
Sy, S., 340, 348 Walsemann, K.M., 268
Symonds, W.C., 255 Walston, J., 140
Wang, J., 236
T Wang, M., 136
Taber, C.R, 225, 226, 242 Wang, W., 459
Takacs, C.G., 183 Wang, X., xxix, 117, 142, 267, 365, 434–437, 458, 539
Terenzini, P.T., 172, 178, 179, 182, 183, 389, 391–394, Warburton, E.C., 172, 173, 178
Ward, A., 180, 374
414, 537 Warikoo, N.K., 122, 147, 186
THECB, 417, 419 Warren, J.R., 143, 268, 341, 348, 435
Thiele, M., 172, 175, 182, 183, 185, 187 Warren, M.R., 48, 49
Tienda, M., 118, 119, 123, 139, 141, 348, 363 Warren, R.L., 517
Tierney, W.G., 183, 373, 391, 408, 420, 468 Waters, M.C., 119, 123, 154, 162, 352
Tinto, V., 178, 182–184, 352, 391, 435, 443, 445, Weber, M., 173
Wegman, D.H., 343
537, 550 Weininger, E.B., 12–16, 48, 91, 179, 180, 238–241, 374
Tomaskovic-Devey, D., 257
Torche, F., 111, 174, 175, 185
Torres, K.C., 117, 141, 395
Toutkoushian, R.K., 177

588 Author Index

Weiss, C., 563, 565 Wolfers, J., 425
Weiss, F., 99 Wolniak, G.C., 183, 390, 392
Weiss, I.R., 203 Wood, K., 399
Weiss, M.J., 306, 424, 429, 545, 547, 549, 550, 552 Wooding, J., 343
Welner, K.G., 258, 260, 268 Wright, E.O., 98, 175
Whitehouse.gov, 417, 420, 421 Wright, J.D., 341
Whitt, E., 178, 182, 390, 394
Wiggan, G., 258 X
Wildhagen, T., 172, 174–176, 180, 185 Xie, W., 347
Wilkins, A.C., 147, 175, 184, 185, 394, 395 Xu, D., 410
Williams, C., 142 Xu, R., 303
Williams, D.T., 327 Xu, Z., 284
Williams, E.J., 308
Williams, J.M., 394 Y
Williams, R.A., 122, 410 Yaeger, P.M., 172, 178, 179
Williams, R.M., 73 Yamashita, M., 407
Williams, T., 306, 518 Yeager, D.S., 364, 467, 468, 546
Williams, T.T., 45 Yeaton, W.H., 548
Williams, W.M., 135, 136 Yeung, F., 177
Wilson, B.D.M., 195 Yosso, T.J., 181, 182
Wilson, S.L., 419 Yuan, K., 286, 477
Wilson, S.M., 280 Yuan, X., 418, 465, 535
Wilson, T.C., 199
Wilson, W.J., 11 Z
Winters, M.A., 230, 482, 518 Zapata-Gietl, C., 351, 447
Wirt, J., 141 Zierman, C., 356
Witte, J.F., 223, 226, 235–237 Zimmer, R., 222–225, 227, 229, 235, 236
Wohlstetter, P., 231, 232
Wolf, D., 177
Wolf, P.J., 47, 48, 223, 224, 226, 227, 235, 239

Subject Index

A Admissions criteria, 48
Ability groups, 42, 56, 67, 120, 121, 256, 368, 369, 517 Advanced courses, 12, 115, 116, 133, 134, 140, 255, 257,
Academic achievement, 25, 27, 29–31, 40, 42, 64, 92,
260, 268, 372, 483
96, 109, 121–123, 134, 143, 146, 180, 204, Advanced coursework, xxiv, 115, 121, 202, 253–256,
222–225, 256, 283, 320, 328, 338–340, 344,
347–349, 369, 391, 446, 448, 450, 494 258, 260, 267
Academic capitalism, 389 Advanced curriculum, 254, 259, 268
Academic courses, 95, 140, 258, 261, 264, 267, 371, Advanced mathematics, 135, 140, 254, 256, 259, 260,
390, 536
Academic demands, 388, 440 265, 267, 369, 370
Academic engagement, xxiii, 178, 203, 210, 322, 350, Advanced placement, 56, 78, 79, 96, 115, 133, 135, 164,
351, 354, 388, 550
Academic integration, 391, 443, 549 257, 258, 267, 372, 422
Academic momentum, 546, 551 Advantaged, xvii, xxiv, xxv, xxix, 8, 28, 33, 56, 66, 74,
Academic outcomes, xix, 42, 120, 121, 123, 204, 221,
231, 258, 259, 343, 344, 351, 369, 393, 541 76, 87, 91, 94–97, 100, 119, 145, 174, 180,
Academic performance, xviii, xix, xxi, xxxvi, 3, 4, 8, 12, 184, 235, 240, 252, 253, 256, 260, 262, 263,
16, 23, 26, 34, 74, 87, 101, 119, 121, 123, 135, 304, 345–347, 387, 392, 393, 409, 411, 413,
147, 202, 203, 235, 238, 239, 241, 254, 323, 434, 463, 475, 521, 524
330, 332, 362, 363, 377, 395, 541, 544, African American, xxix, 10, 30, 56, 91, 92, 177, 226,
546, 550 233, 236, 253, 260, 261, 329, 330, 365, 367,
Academic quality (or school quality), xxxii, 144, 227, 371, 393, 407, 408, 412, 414, 545
237–239, 367, 478, 484, 485, 516 African American students, 30, 236, 253, 260, 261,
Academic social capital, 183, 187 393, 412
Academic success, xxiii, 11, 17, 47, 93, 119, 132, 251, After School Matters program, 354
259, 320–322, 325, 329, 330, 337–355, Alcohol, 31, 343, 389, 390, 396, 397
365, 374 Algebra, 140, 256, 260, 263, 265–267, 278, 369–370,
Academic track, 117, 121, 266 422, 523, 525, 527, 548
Accelerated Study in Associate Programs (ASAP), 424, American College Personnel Association
551–553 (ACPA), 390
Access to school choice, 234–241 American dreams, 251, 268, 387
barriers to access, 234, 237 America’s College Promise, 420, 421
Accountability, xxxi–xxxvi, 43, 68, 143, 207, 231, 282, A Nation at Risk, xxxii, 254, 264, 268, 369, 476,
284, 285, 287, 288, 290, 307, 308, 330, 370, 477, 483
408, 420, 462, 465, 469, 475–488, 513, Application process, 159, 163, 238, 239
519–521, 566 Aspiring adulthood, see Emerging adulthood
Achievement Attainment, xviii, xx, xxiv, xxv, xxx, xxxi, 3–6, 12, 13,
effects, 225, 226 15, 16, 19, 20, 23–25, 32, 33, 35, 74, 76–78,
gap, xix, 4, 34, 46, 55–63, 65–68, 76, 78, 92, 110, 82–84, 86, 87, 91, 93, 94, 100–102, 104,
111, 120, 222, 233, 276, 369, 475, 480 109–124, 132, 134, 136, 138, 141, 142, 144,
Administrative data, xxxii, xxxiv, 266, 277–279, 165, 172–177, 184, 185, 188, 195, 203, 210,
416, 422, 425, 495, 505, 508, 518, 522, 211, 221, 225–227, 232, 243, 267, 268, 276,
528–530, 567 278, 280, 285, 318, 322, 338–350, 352, 353,
362–365, 367, 368, 370, 372–375, 377, 378,
386, 397, 409, 411–414, 417–419, 421, 422,
432–448, 450–452, 458, 477, 479, 482, 493,
535–554

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 589
B. Schneider (ed.), Handbook of the Sociology of Education in the 21st Century, Handbooks
of Sociology and Social Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76694-2

590 Subject Index

B pathways
Baccalaureate institution, 408, 414, 421 inequality in pathways, 181
Bachelor’s degrees, 74, 76, 82, 118, 124, 134, 141, mobility pathway, 392
party pathway, 181, 389, 392
142, 172, 186, 262, 267, 277, 347, 365, professional pathway, 392
387, 407, 409–414, 417–419, 434, 435,
437–441, 444, 446, 447, 449, 526–528, preparatory courses, 261–263, 268
538, 539 read, 115–117, 187, 372, 373, 375, 378, 391, 415,
Baltimore Education Research Consortium (BERC),
232, 570 443, 540, 551, 552
Best practices, xxv, 45, 199, 207, 209, 233, 276, 283, readiness, 115–117, 187, 372, 373, 375, 378, 443
572, 573, 576 selectivity, xxv, 280, 281
Blue collar communities, 257 working while attending college, 338
Broad-access institutions, 376, 398, 406, 409, 460 College-for-all, xxx, 362–363, 373, 378, 414, 417,

C 431–452
Calculus, 136, 173, 261, 264, 371 Collegiate learning assessment, 390
Campus activism, 396 Common core, xxxiv, 268, 307, 371, 378, 478, 483, 488,
Campus climate, 201, 203, 206, 394, 397
Catholic schools, xxiv, 44, 221, 224–226, 234, 241, 242, 522, 525
Common school, 234, 530
256, 258, 331, 517, 518 Community colleges, 76, 118, 160, 172, 352, 376, 405,
effects of, 224–226, 256
Center for Cost-Benefit Studies in Education, 432, 458, 535
Community college effects, 410
The, 553 Community College Research Center (CCRC), 549
Charter Management Organizations (CMOs), 229, Community/communities/home (excludes campus

231, 233 community), 10, 39, 57, 76, 117, 138, 154,
Charter schools, xxiv, 7, 31–33, 47, 48, 56, 221–223, 172, 196, 231, 257, 286, 297, 325, 352, 373,
393, 405, 432, 458, 476, 495, 513, 535, 567
225–227, 229–232, 234–236, 238, 240–243, Competition, xxiv, 48, 88–90, 97, 227–231, 242, 302,
259, 524, 530 310, 321, 331, 342, 392, 458, 478, 485, 569,
effects of, 222, 225, 229 576, 577
Chicago Public Schools, 238, 287, 370, 571 Compulsory schooling laws, 253
Child labor laws, 253 Consortium on Chicago School Research (CCSR), 45,
Citizens, 76, 160, 164, 252, 253, 476 232, 570, 571
Civic engagement, 394, 467 Consumption, 396
Civil rights movement, 268 students as consumers, 386, 389
Cleft habitus, 180, 393 Continuing generation student (continuing generation
Cleveland scholarship program, 223 college student, CGS), 172, 175, 178, 187
Coeducational schools, 259 Cooling-out hypothesis (cooling out), 409, 414
Cognitive, xviii, 4, 6–9, 15, 18–22, 24, 28–31, 33, 35, 55, Counseling, xxviii, xxxiv, xxxv, 161, 198, 205, 377, 425,
62–68, 82, 85, 89, 93, 94, 97, 104, 111, 131, 443, 448, 449, 462, 464, 516, 537–540, 543,
133, 135, 140, 143, 144, 260, 267, 367, 368, 547, 550, 553
434, 466, 468, 572–574 at community colleges, xxxiv, 425, 443, 448,
Collaborations, xxxv, 17, 49, 233, 286, 288, 290, 297, 537–540, 543, 547, 550, 553
446, 458, 567, 573, 575–577 Course placement, 121, 260
College Course-taking, xxi, 131–136, 138, 140, 145, 254,
access, xx, xxxiv, 16, 160, 422, 423, 431, 443, 463 256–262, 264, 266–268, 330, 332, 366,
attendance, 12, 56, 86, 134, 141, 144, 173, 176, 178, 369–372, 407, 443, 538, 540
182, 185, 225, 242, 260, 374, 375, 406, Coursework, xx, xxiv, 13, 18, 29, 114–117, 121, 140, 202,
411–414, 421, 423 253–258, 260–262, 264, 267, 268, 278, 281,
attrition, 411 351, 370, 371, 375, 388, 392, 407, 415–417,
completion, xxviii, 122, 134, 164, 174, 183, 260, 409, 422, 423, 441, 444, 445, 540, 546, 549
415, 419, 422, 423, 434, 437, 541, 542 Critical thinking, 90, 174, 252, 265, 390, 391, 394, 398
completion agenda, 541 Critical thinking skills, 252, 265, 390, 398
degree attainment, 74, 118, 363, 422 Cross-racial interaction, 394
degrees, xxii, xxxi, 74, 118, 134, 142, 174, 182, 185, Cultural capital, 3–35, 45, 56, 84, 90–91, 97, 99, 103,
210, 254, 255, 257, 263, 267, 341, 344, 346, 172, 174, 178–182, 187, 188, 240, 318,
347, 351, 352, 363–365, 374, 375, 378, 414, 373–375, 393, 410, 545
422, 432, 433, 435, 460, 467 Cultural mismatch, 185, 186
knowledge, 553 Cultural reproduction theory, 391
major, 135, 137, 145, 398 Cultural scripts, 395
Culture, xx, xxvi, xxix, xxxv, 5, 9–11, 13–15, 30, 31, 39,
44, 46, 47, 57, 81, 84, 90–93, 97–99, 103, 119,

Subject Index 591

122, 123, 137, 143–145, 147, 161, 179, 181, Education outcomes, 81, 87, 95, 139–141, 251, 258
186, 187, 196–199, 201, 204, 211, 221, 306, Education Research Alliance for New Orleans, 233
308, 317, 318, 320, 322, 326, 329–331, 373, Education Resources Information Center, 563
391, 393, 394, 396–398, 417, 563, 565, Eighth grade, 27, 63, 133, 134, 237, 263, 370, 375
568, 575 Elementary schools, 12, 16–17, 61, 62, 66, 99, 133, 158,
Curricular content, 231, 251, 254, 265–266, 368
Curricular differentiation, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 251–269, 362, 197, 201, 209, 222, 253, 255, 256, 259, 266,
365–366 282, 283, 286, 287, 291, 304, 367–369, 478,
Curricular exposure, xxviii, 259, 261, 268 484, 496, 522, 528
Curricular pathways, 253, 268, 368, 369, 372 Elite institutions, 124, 176, 185, 252, 387, 393, 398, 442,
Curriculum, 18, 26, 29, 67, 94, 133, 144, 161, 198, 204, 463, 464
209, 210, 222, 231, 242, 251–268, 278, 287, Emerging adulthood, 195, 387
289, 290, 308, 310, 323, 329, 331, 332, Employment
366–372, 390, 399, 444, 468, 477, 507, 517, opportunities, 253, 339, 341, 351
521, 527, 567 unemployed, 391
Engagement (engage, engaged), xx, xxiii, xxvi, xxvii,
D xxix, 5, 11, 13, 17, 40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 48, 50,
Decision making, 5, 6, 41, 86, 175, 233, 237, 242, 286, 78, 87, 90, 91, 94, 102–104, 122, 133, 136,
140, 141, 157, 161, 172, 174, 178, 181–183,
361, 365, 387, 423, 460, 481, 483, 515, 562, 186, 188, 194, 195, 202, 203, 209, 210, 223,
564–566, 570, 575 225, 227, 229, 233, 257, 259, 278, 283, 285,
Deficits, 42, 46, 98, 172, 176, 181, 182, 185, 186, 368, 289–291, 299, 303, 307, 308, 318, 322, 323,
437, 519, 542, 547 338, 339, 344, 348, 350, 351, 353, 354, 366,
Delinquency, 322, 338, 340, 348, 350 386–389, 392–395, 397, 399, 406, 414, 432,
Democratization, 405, 410, 412, 413, 417, 421 443, 461, 467, 478, 481, 483, 487, 488, 513,
Department of Education, 233, 239 514, 537, 550, 563–565, 571
Department of Labor, 345 English, xxiv, 14, 59, 93, 110, 111, 119–121, 133, 135,
Disabilities, 31, 74, 79, 172, 196, 229, 230, 251–269, 148, 159, 173, 222, 224, 230, 231, 242,
398, 478, 494 253–255, 257, 260–262, 284, 371, 378, 408,
Disability status, 74, 252, 258, 261 415, 449, 477, 478, 486, 487, 548–550
Diversion (diversionary effects), xxx, 410–414, 421, English as a Second Language (ESL), 159, 260, 261
422, 425 English language learners (ELL), xxiv, 111–116, 119,
Diversity, xxvii, 99, 109, 110, 119, 154, 186, 198, 202, 121, 261, 262, 408
206, 230, 321, 322, 325, 329, 341, 391, 394, ESSA, see Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
397, 478, 496, 538 Ethnicity, xxi, xxvii, xxix, 27, 65, 67, 73–79, 91,
Doubly disadvantaged, 181 111–122, 124, 131, 132, 137, 139, 142–148,
Dual character of education, 173 172, 179, 188, 252, 258, 261, 264, 324,
Dual enrollment, xxx, 354, 422–423, 540 325, 329, 338, 344–348, 352, 371, 372,
385, 387, 391, 394–396, 398, 500, 502,
E 503, 506, 508
Earnings, xxx, 3, 6, 8, 33, 74, 84–89, 96, 98, 119, 124, Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), xxxii, 478, 487,
488, 564–566
164, 174, 177, 210, 267, 278, 286, 346, 347, Evidence based research, 564, 566, 573
354, 362, 367, 372, 386, 408, 410–413, 418, Evidence use, 565
419, 422, 432, 434, 436, 439, 441, 442, 446, Experiential core, 173, 385
465, 469, 482, 483, 535, 543, 544 Extracurricular, xxii, 43, 48, 122, 174, 186, 188, 202,
Educational advantages, 268 204, 237, 239, 325, 331, 338, 340, 346, 348,
Educational attainment, xviii, 3, 4, 6, 13, 16, 23–25, 32, 390, 392, 432, 445
33, 35, 82, 84, 86, 87, 93, 94, 100–101, 134, Extracurricular activities, xxii, 48, 186, 202, 237, 239,
136, 165, 172–177, 184, 185, 188, 203, 210, 325, 331, 338, 340, 346, 392, 445
211, 221, 225–227, 243, 267, 268, 279, 280,
339–341, 343, 346, 347, 349, 352, 362–365, F
367, 370, 373–375, 377, 378, 413, 421, Family background, 19, 42, 44, 57, 117, 121, 123, 141,
433–438, 441–443, 446–448, 451, 482,
535–554 175, 176, 183, 279, 318, 344–347, 387, 398,
Educational expectations, 24, 25, 27, 123, 202, 204, 267, 450, 493, 494, 501, 508, 515, 520, 522
348, 363, 373, 406, 414, 446, 447 Family capital, 182
Educational pathways, 94, 255, 361–378, 410, 422–424 Family income, xxvii, 22, 87, 111, 175, 178, 258,
Educational policy, xxii, 74, 122, 224, 232, 233, 236, 495, 524
252, 318, 319, 321, 323 Family resources, 122, 145, 240, 258, 310, 485
Female students, 121, 147, 258, 259, 387, 396, 434

592 Subject Index

Financial aid, xxix, xxxv, 160–162, 188, 374, 376, 377, H
392, 407, 408, 414, 420, 424, 459, 462, 469, Habitus, 3, 5–7, 9–12, 15, 16, 18–20, 25–27, 30–34, 90,
536, 540, 542–548, 551, 553
91, 179, 180, 184, 186, 199, 375, 391, 393
First-dollar program, 420 Harlem Children’s Zone, 49, 57, 222
First-generation college students, xxii, 171–188, 375, Health, xxv, xxvii, 7, 30, 31, 57, 68, 73, 85–87, 111, 120,

376, 392, 422, 435, 461, 537, 538 122, 157, 198, 210, 252, 260, 268, 323, 324,
First generation student (first generation college student, 330–332, 338, 339, 342, 343, 352, 431, 446,
462, 466, 467, 486, 501, 577
FGS), 171, 173, 174, 176, 178, 181, 183–185, Healthy lifestyle, 268
187, 188, 377 Heterogeneous treatment effects, 425
Foreign language, 259–261 Hidden curriculum, 260, 265
Fraternities and sororities, 389, 397 High school
Friends/friend/friendship, xii, xxvii, ix, xxii, xxvii, 8, 48, dropout, 338, 340, 341, 345, 346, 378
101, 122, 145, 163, 164, 180, 183, 184, 203, experiences, 154
318, 321, 325–328, 340, 351, 391, 393, 394, preparation (academic preparation), xxix, xxx, 134,
433, 466 141, 178, 260, 264, 365, 372–373, 375, 378,
Funding, 41, 56, 73, 163, 208, 386, 420–422, 425, 462, 406, 407, 409, 410, 416, 537
469, 477, 478, 522, 536, 539, 540, 553, 562, transcripts, 79, 114, 264, 266, 370, 371
564, 566, 569, 572, 573 High School & Beyond (HS&B), 79, 140, 228, 261, 265,
266, 342, 371, 412, 518
G High School Longitudinal Study of, xxxiv, 265, 341,
Gender 522, 523
High School Transcript Studies (HSTS), 79, 114, 261,
devaluation, 137 263, 264
essentialism, 136, 137 High status students, 101, 253
Gender (gendered, male, female), xix, xx, xxi, xxii, Hispanic students, 76, 110, 112, 115–121, 137, 143, 184,
261, 346, 480, 482
xxvii, xxix, 14, 17, 27, 30, 33, 50, 55, 59, 61, Homework, 12, 16, 17, 23, 25, 26, 32, 33, 40, 46, 135,
65–67, 74, 88, 92, 93, 101, 110, 121, 124, 163, 340, 353
131–148, 171, 172, 174, 179, 184–188, Honors courses, 267
194–201, 203–211, 251, 252, 258, 259, 261, Honors level course, 257
320, 321, 323, 324, 330, 338, 344–347, 352, Horizontal differentiation, 254, 256
385–387, 391, 394–398, 434, 538, 543 Horizontal organization, 252
General courses, 267 Houston Education Research Consortium (HERC),
Geographic areas, 223, 256 232, 569, 570
Geographic regions, 257, 520 HS&B, see High School & Beyond (HS&B)
Geometry, 263, 266, 269, 278
Goal diffusion, 410 I
GPA, see Grade point average (GPA) Identity/identities, xx, xxi, xxii, xxvi, xxvii, 3, 20, 33, 34,
Grade levels, xxiv, 18, 25, 27, 33, 34, 139, 224, 252,
253, 255–257, 260, 268, 283, 290, 320, 92, 93, 101–102, 119, 121, 132, 144–148,
478, 485, 496 153–155, 157, 171, 176, 180, 182, 184, 186,
Grade point average (GPA), 25, 26, 114–116, 139, 171, 188, 193–197, 201, 203–211, 234, 310, 317,
176, 180, 183, 184, 340, 348, 372, 373, 388, 320–323, 327, 328, 351, 394, 395, 398, 436,
398, 420, 538, 542, 543, 545–547 442, 479, 482, 483, 515, 568
Grades, xviii, xxi, xxiv, xxvii, xxxiii, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, Immigration/Immigrant, x, xix, xx, xxi–xxiii, 8, 30, 46,
16–18, 20, 23–35, 48, 57–59, 61–65, 67, 74, 68, 91, 92, 97–99, 102, 109–124, 141, 145,
76, 111, 112, 114–116, 120, 121, 131–140, 146, 153–166, 171–173, 184, 185, 188,
144, 159, 163, 178, 195, 202–204, 210, 224, 251–269, 325, 352–354, 374, 449
225, 227, 228, 252, 253, 255–257, 260, 262, Income, xxvii, 22, 30–32, 34, 45, 68, 78, 85–87, 111,
263, 265–268, 278, 282, 283, 290, 298, 300, 146, 164, 175, 176, 178–181, 184, 185, 223,
303, 305, 320, 340, 342, 345, 346, 348, 350, 228, 235, 236, 258, 260, 263, 310, 345, 351,
352, 363, 367, 369, 370, 372, 375, 388, 392, 364–366, 371, 376, 386, 398, 406, 408, 419,
409, 415, 421, 467, 477, 478, 482–485, 425, 462, 463, 486, 494, 495, 507, 524, 544
495–498, 501–503, 506–508, 516, 518, Individual agency, 251, 252, 256, 257, 372
521–523, 527, 529, 543, 544, 548 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 259
Graduate degrees, 185, 263, 387, 413, 432, 439, 526–528 Inequality
Graduation, high school, 3, 31, 35, 79, 96, 116, 117, 134, class inequality, 74, 78, 80, 85–87, 90, 98, 179,
139, 140, 153, 156, 226, 254, 255, 261–265, 387, 398
347, 367, 370–372, 411, 418, 422, 431, 432, economic inequality, 386, 431
435, 439, 459, 461, 482, 483 gender inequality, 132, 135–137, 145, 387, 395, 397
Guidance counselors, 160, 171, 186, 338, 443
Guided pathways model, 423

Subject Index 593

in higher education, 181, 188 Labor market outcomes, 268, 370, 419, 442, 482
racial inequality, 88, 91, 92, 100, 387, 398 Language, 12–14, 16, 18, 22–24, 28, 29, 59, 102, 103,
socioeconomic inequality, 74, 88, 391–393
Information, access to, xxvi, 94, 123, 161, 238, 287, 110, 111, 118, 119, 132, 159, 161, 173, 181,
184, 196, 201, 231, 234, 242, 253, 258–262,
373, 374 284, 290, 311, 367, 368, 394, 408, 462, 477,
In loco parentis, 387, 462 478, 519
Innovation, xxiv, 145, 228, 230–232, 234, 297–299, 303, Last-dollar program, 420
Latino/a students, 64, 65, 183, 185, 236, 237, 330, 538
306, 325, 425, 460, 468, 552, 561, 564, 572, Latino students, 124, 183, 187, 260, 371, 425, 546
575, 576 Leaders, xxvi, 49, 233, 253, 260, 305–308, 311, 331,
Institutional agent(s) 369, 406, 424, 449, 469, 479, 487, 514, 521,
advisors, xxxv, 205, 416, 417, 423, 424, 443, 444, 536, 540, 553, 563, 568–570, 572, 573, 575
448, 462, 550, 551 Learning communities, xxxv, 290, 297, 298, 306–307,
guidance counselors, 160, 171, 186, 338, 443 466, 540, 543, 549–551, 553
high school counselors, 181 Learning disabled, 253
instructors, xxxiv, 180, 545 Learning experiences, 252, 259, 275, 457, 466
professors, 174, 176, 180, 182, 183, 187, 208, 390, Learning opportunities, xxiv, xxvi, 221–243, 253, 255,
444, 445, 448, 449, 462, 468, 469, 565 256, 259, 261, 263, 267, 268, 286, 289, 290,
teacher(s), 3, 40, 56, 81, 120–122, 132, 156, 174, 298, 342, 343, 347, 353, 466, 524
197, 227, 251, 276, 297, 319, 338, 365, 444, Legitimacy
467, 476, 494, 513–530, 563 cognitive legitimation, 572, 573
teaching assistants, 183 sociopolitical legitimation, 572, 573
university personnel, 182 Liberal arts colleges, 96, 393
Institutional isomorphism, 385, 390 Liberation model, 234, 235
Institutional logic, 308, 387 Life course, xxxi, 197, 201, 268, 318, 327, 365, 367,
Institutional neglect and abuse, 171, 185–188 378, 457–469, 484
Institutional selectivity, 174, 390 Life expectancy, 86, 268, 458
Institutional theory Lifelong learners (adult learners), 241, 408
coercive isomorphism, 570 Literacy, 23–25, 46, 59, 75, 76, 85, 252, 266,
imitative or mimetic isomorphism, 570 288, 377
normative isomorphism, 570 Litigation, 258, 268
Institutional theory of school choice, xxxv, 228, 576 Lottery programs, 223, 224, 227, 259
Instruction, xxii, xxiv, xxv, xxxii, 21, 23, 25, 26, 115, Louisiana Scholarship Program, 223, 230
183, 222, 231, 233, 253–256, 259, 260, 263, Lower courses, 255
264, 275, 276, 282–284, 286–288, 290, 299, Lower-level curriculum, 259
302, 303, 305–309, 365, 368, 387, 390, 397, Lower quality schools, 4, 254
479–481, 507, 514, 515, 517, 539, 567 Low levels of curriculum, 268
Instrumental variable (IV), 223, 226, 348, 411 Low status individuals, 253
Integration, 110, 123, 147, 154–157, 161, 162, 178, Low status jobs, 253
186, 236, 309, 318, 325, 391, 397, 443, 458,
494, 549 M
Interactions with peers (student-peer interactions), 178 Magnet schools, 47, 221, 235, 259, 494,
Interactions with professors (student-faculty
interactions), 183 523, 524
Intergenerational, xx, 8, 85, 86, 89, 91, 97, 98, 173, 174, Male students, 258, 259, 320, 394, 395
185, 187, 319, 324, 442, 466, 517 Managerial jobs, 267
International (or cross-national), xxxiii, xxxvi, 46, 75, Managers, 13, 56, 165, 253
163, 177, 178, 194, 319, 486, 517, 520 Manual labor, 92, 252
Intersects/Intersections/Intersectionality, xxi, xxii, xxvi, Market theory of school choice, 227–230
6, 8, 147, 171, 172, 182–185, 188, 196, 240, Masculinity, 93, 137, 147, 184, 197, 395
385, 398, 465 Mass education, 58, 252
Intrusive advising, 423, 424 Mathematics, xix, xxxii, 18, 76, 89, 140, 222, 224, 225,

L 229, 230, 254–256, 259–261, 264–267,
Labor force, xxi, 74, 90, 99, 131, 133, 252, 318 280–284, 307, 363, 367–370, 416, 498, 501,
Labor market, xxi, xxviii, xxx, 20, 35, 89, 91, 132, 135, 503, 567
MDRC, 424, 541, 543–545, 547, 549–553
157, 161, 233, 255, 257, 267, 268, 276–278, Measurement issues, 194–196
339, 343, 346, 347, 349, 351, 353, 354, 371, Mentoring, xxxv, 188, 289, 323, 332
372, 377, 386, 391, 392, 419, 425, 431, 433, at community colleges, 547
434, 436, 439, 440, 442, 449–451, 461, 466, Michigan Consortium for Education Research
467, 516, 546 (MCER), 233

594 Subject Index

Middle class (middle-class), 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, institutional norms, 564, 566
22, 23, 34, 39–42, 46, 47, 90, 91, 102, 103, organizational norms, 564
110, 119, 175, 179, 182, 184–186, 237, 239, Not-for-profit four-year institution, 117, 407
240, 321, 322, 374, 392, 397, 447, 463, 565
O
Middle schools, xviii, 29, 133, 140, 159, 201, 205, 210, Occupations, xviii, xx, xxx, 8, 27, 35, 75, 84, 87, 89, 90,
211, 224, 225, 255, 256, 260, 284, 346, 365,
369–370, 522, 567 93, 96, 98, 99, 175, 176, 179, 184, 252, 254,
255, 258, 391, 398, 409, 417, 447, 452, 458,
Midlife, xxxi, 268, 457, 465 460, 495, 507
Milwaukee Parental Choice Program, 223, 236 Office of Civil Rights (OCR), 258, 268, 396
Minority students, xx, xxix, xxxii, xxxvi, 76, 90–92, 102, Online courses, 263, 436
Opportunity to learn (OTL), 161, 241, 252, 254, 255,
117, 118, 120–122, 140, 142, 144, 147, 183, 279, 291, 309, 369, 378
198, 199, 201, 202, 208, 233, 234, 236, 240, Organizational habitus, 186
241, 253, 260, 261, 263, 346, 394, 395, 435, Organizational theory
436, 438, 480 organizational ecology, 569
Monitoring the Future Study, 337, 338, 342 organizational heterogeneity, 568–571
Moral reasoning, 390 structural forms, 568
Multi-racial, 145–146, 495
P
N Parental education (parental educational attainment),
National Assessment of Academic Progress (NAEP), xx,
141, 146, 172, 175, 176, 179, 183, 185, 188,
111–115, 133, 134, 139, 261–263, 266, 482 304, 345, 346, 422, 435, 495, 507
National Association of Student Personnel Parent preferences
realized preferences, 238
Administrators (NASPA), 390 revealed preferences, 387, 519
National Center for Postsecondary Research (NCPR), Parents, xviii, xix, xxiv, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 40–43, 46,
47, 49, 80, 86, 87, 109–111, 117, 172, 177,
549, 550 186, 209, 221, 227, 231, 239, 240, 350, 352,
National Clearinghouse for Comprehensive School 376, 458, 461, 465, 467, 484, 523–526, 538
Parent satisfaction, 221, 227, 484
Reform, 563 Party pathway, 181, 389, 392
National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, 563 Peer interactions, 257
National Education Longitudinal Study, 265, 345, 348, Peer/peers, xvii, xx, xxvi, xxvii, xxxi, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 16,
18, 20, 22, 30, 31, 34, 35, 75, 76, 81, 87–89,
371, 411, 417, 419 91–93, 96, 97, 101, 111–114, 116, 117, 119,
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 20, 348, 415 121, 122, 124, 132, 137, 139–142, 145, 147,
National Network of Education Research-Practice 161, 166, 172–174, 178, 180–183, 187, 193,
197, 199, 201–203, 210, 224–226, 233, 236,
Partnerships (NNERPP), 233, 570, 571, 240, 241, 251, 257, 260, 261, 266, 290, 303,
573–575 308, 309, 318–332, 339, 340, 350, 366,
National Research Council, 339, 341, 345 370–373, 376, 377, 388, 391, 393–395, 397,
National Student Clearinghouse, 267, 535 399, 409, 419, 424, 434, 435, 440, 445–448,
National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE), 203, 451, 464, 467, 483, 520, 521, 537, 541,
210, 388 550, 564
NCLB, see No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) Pell grant, 377, 420, 544
Neighborhoods, xix, xx, xxi, 11, 16, 18, 22, 34, 43, Perceived skills, 254
47–50, 56, 67, 68, 74, 87, 122–124, 155, 159, Persistence
166, 234, 237–241, 258, 284, 342, 346, 467, drop out, 100, 178, 342, 351–353, 407, 416, 419, 439,
494, 507 441, 537, 540
Net tuition, 420 leaving college before completing degree, 178
Networks, see National Network of Education Research-­ persist, xviii, 4, 28, 66, 90, 114, 133, 134, 142, 161,
Practice Partnerships (NNERPP) 172, 174, 178, 181, 182, 186, 187, 255, 267,
New Basics Curriculum, 254 347, 364, 375, 378, 410, 416, 445, 447, 448,
New structural critics (new structuralist perspective), 478, 487, 488, 545, 547
410, 414, 423 persisters, 181
NNERPP, see National Network of Education Research-­ Personal development, 388
Practice Partnerships (NNERPP) Policy change, xxiv, 209, 417, 419, 564
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), 308,
475–480, 482, 485, 487, 519, 520, 522,
564–566
Noncognitive, xxxi, 18, 19, 260, 267
Non-cognitive skills, 19
Non-profit organizations, 62, 440, 566, 568, 575
Norms
cultural factors, 565
district norms, 565

Subject Index 595

Policy/policies, xviii, xix, xxii–xxiv, xxxi, xxxiii, xxx– 142–148, 172, 179, 188, 252, 258, 261, 264,
xxxiii, xxxvi, 7, 32–35, 40, 42, 43, 46–50, 57, 324, 325, 338, 344–348, 352, 371, 372, 385,
67, 68, 74, 75, 99, 110, 120–122, 124, 142, 387, 391, 394–396, 398, 500, 502, 503, 506,
143, 153–155, 158, 162–166, 172, 176, 508
186–188, 194, 196, 198, 199, 203, 204, racial/ethnic groups, xxix, 79–81, 86, 89, 91, 104,
206–211, 221, 223–225, 227, 232–234, 236, 111–116, 118, 142, 143, 145, 158, 177, 222,
240–242, 252, 254, 258, 259, 264, 265, 327, 330, 386, 387, 393–395, 397, 398,
268–269, 279, 281–284, 287, 288, 291, 305, 412, 478
308, 310, 318, 319, 321–323, 330–332, 338, students of color, black, white, latino, Hispanic,
353, 362, 376, 378, 389, 396–398, 405–426, Asian, 64, 67, 75, 76, 78, 92, 102, 110–112,
433, 437, 450, 452, 458, 459, 461, 462, 464, 115–122, 124, 137, 139–143, 147, 179, 183,
465, 467, 469, 475–480, 484, 487, 488, 494, 184, 187, 237, 260, 261, 264, 346, 371, 378,
495, 513, 517, 520, 521, 529, 530, 537, 538, 393, 406, 416, 480, 482, 494
540, 542, 548, 562–564, 566, 567, 573, Racial bias, 395
575–577 Racial inequality, 88, 91, 92, 100, 387, 398
Racial segregation, 120–122, 232, 234, 325, 520
Postsecondary, xix, xx–xxv, xxviii, xxx, xxxvi, 33, 76, Randomized controlled trial (RCT), 224, 424
78, 110, 115–118, 132–135, 142, 143, 158, Randomized control trials, xxix, xxxi, xxxiv, 367, 536,
160–163, 177, 185, 210, 252–255, 257, 258, 541, 544–546, 548
261, 267, 342, 347, 362, 364, 365, 372–375, Regression discontinuity, 223, 230, 411, 412, 415,
386, 391–393, 406–413, 415, 417–419, 422, 484, 548
425, 426, 459–461, 535, 536, 538, 549, 552 Remedial classes, postsecondary, 416
Remediation (remedial coursework, developmental
Postsecondary access, 413 education), xxix, xxx, xxxv, 370, 372, 375,
Pre-calculus, 261, 371 376, 407, 410, 414–416, 425, 483, 537, 540,
Prerequisites, 89, 254, 468 548–549, 553
Preschool, xx, 7, 18, 30, 34, 63, 110, 197, 255, 256, 258, Reproducing inequality, 56, 138, 409
Research culture, 563
366, 367, 378 Research design, 35, 47, 66, 148, 425
Pressures Research-practice partnerships
complementary organizations, 561, 571–574, 576
competitive pressure, 229, 230, 242, 569 design-based partnerships, 567, 569
environmental carrying capacity, 569 Houston Education Research Consortium, 570
financial pressures, xxxv, 440, 564 industry, 567, 571–573, 576, 577
policy pressures, 564 lifecycle, 571
practitioner, xxxii, 40, 50, 89, 221, 222, 232, 234, networked improvement communities, 567, 569, 570
Regional Education Laboratories, 562, 563, 566, 567,
309, 561–571, 573 573
resources, 101, 242, 307, 414, 482, 515, 569, 577 research alliances, 562, 563, 567, 569–571
stakeholder, 570 RPPs, 561–577
Principals, xxxii, 18, 34, 80, 103, 209, 227, 229, 239, survival, 563, 568, 569, 572, 576, 577
UChicago Consortium, 563, 568, 569, 572, 576, 577
242, 286, 300, 305, 306, 309, 479, 485, 486, Research to practice model
494, 515, 521, 539, 542, 565, 568 linear model, 562, 563
Private for-profit institution (proprietary institution/ linking agents, 562–564
college), xxix, 407 Research use, 563, 573
Private schools, xxiii, 8, 58, 80, 173, 221–224, 226, Resources, xvii, xviii, xix, xx–xxii, xxv, xxvii, xxxii,
228–230, 235, 259, 320, 331, 444, 522 xxxiv, xxxv, 4, 7–10, 15, 23, 34, 43–45, 47,
Privileged poor, 181, 187 56, 58, 67, 68, 81, 82, 86, 88–91, 97, 101,
Professional, xxxii–xxxv, 13, 14, 18, 22, 41, 48, 49, 88, 110, 117, 120–123, 136, 138, 145, 161, 162,
89, 96, 97, 99, 184, 186, 204, 207, 231, 252, 166, 172, 174–176, 179–183, 185–188, 193,
267, 275, 278, 281, 282, 285, 289–291, 297, 197, 198, 202–204, 206, 209, 210, 229, 240,
298, 302, 305–307, 309, 310, 354, 366, 389, 242, 256–258, 279, 285–291, 297, 298, 300,
390, 392, 405, 409, 439, 444, 458, 462, 476, 301, 303, 304, 307–311, 324, 325, 329, 347,
485–486, 514–516, 524, 529, 562, 565, 570, 361, 362, 373–376, 389–392, 409, 414, 419,
571, 574, 576 422, 424, 435, 439, 440, 447, 458–460,
Propensity score matching, 411, 551 463–468, 482, 485, 507, 515, 517, 520,
Public schools, xxiv, xxxii, 41–44, 46–48, 67, 74, 75, 79, 523–526, 529, 536, 537, 539, 540, 542,
80, 109, 140, 155, 162, 165, 171, 221–231, 545, 547, 550, 552–554, 564, 569–571,
233–236, 238, 241, 243, 256, 259, 279, 287, 573–575, 577
331, 332, 370, 372, 373, 475–488, 507, 522, Reverse articulation, 419
524, 529, 530 Reverse transfer, 418, 419

R
Race

and ethnicity, xxi, xxvii, xxix, 27, 67, 73, 74, 76–79,
91, 111–122, 124, 131, 132, 137, 139,

596 Subject Index

Rural, xxi, xxiii, 123, 158, 173, 202–208, 210, 257, 342, Social networks (social networks, network ties), xxiv,
565, 569, 572 xxv, xxvi, 33, 48, 122, 182, 187, 188, 228,
229, 239, 240, 287, 291, 297–311, 324, 325,
S 373, 391–393, 463
School characteristics, 120, 123, 202, 223, 236, 239, 241,
Social organization of schools, xxiii–xxviii, 225, 241,
242, 522 287, 517
of effective schools, 242
School choice, xxiii, xxiv, 47, 48, 221–243, 256, 259, Social reproduction, 3, 4, 7, 8, 15, 18, 33, 34, 74, 89,
138, 174
485, 488, 494
School context, xxi, xxiii, 143–145, 147, 197, 198, Social science, 7, 8, 227, 261, 317, 319, 378, 440,
541, 565
201–204, 210, 289, 291, 310, 321, 324, 332,
481, 508, 521 Social studies, 6, 16, 17, 24, 29, 254, 261, 264, 479
School safety, 237, 239 Socioeconomic status (SES), xix, xxix, 3, 4, 55, 59,
Science, 7, 8, 16, 62, 75, 79, 112–115, 133–136, 142,
148, 202, 227, 254, 255, 259–261, 264, 265, 61–63, 67, 74–78, 82, 89, 95, 96, 100, 101,
267, 282, 319, 328, 331, 364, 369, 378, 395, 117, 120, 124, 141, 174, 175, 207, 227, 237,
440, 477, 479, 482, 522, 523, 526–529, 541, 251, 258, 348–351, 354, 371, 378, 391, 398,
546, 564, 565, 567, 570 406, 419, 432, 507, 517, 519, 523, 527
Science, technology, engineering and mathematics Special education, xxxii, 74, 78, 79, 256, 261, 300,
(STEM) 367, 483
education, 259 Standard curriculum, 261
major, 135, 136, 267, 364 State initiatives, 422, 477
Secondary, xxiii, 3, 15, 109, 111–116, 140, 144, 154, State relative autonomy theory, 410
172, 182, 197, 199, 201, 203, 252, 255, 256, States, xxi, xxxii, 4, 14, 31, 63, 64, 79, 92, 93, 133, 153,
277, 278, 281, 324, 327, 337–339, 344, 354, 158, 160, 162, 163, 166, 194, 198, 199, 207,
366, 371, 372, 375, 378, 398, 406, 463, 465, 227, 229–232, 236, 243, 252, 258, 261, 264,
467–469, 477, 478, 486, 519, 522 267, 268, 277, 280, 281, 289, 332, 368, 370,
Segregation 409, 415, 417–422, 475–480, 482–484, 488,
residential/neighborhood segregation, 47, 145, 234, 495, 515, 520, 522, 528–530, 539, 540, 545,
235, 240, 485 565, 572
school segregation, 120, 138, 234–236, 254, 278, 494 State spending, 387, 389, 539
Selection bias, 35, 224–226, 241, 539, 541 on higher education, 387
Sense of belonging, xix, xxix, 27, 155, 157, 159, 165, Status
178, 198, 205, 325, 327, 394 attainment, 12, 87, 173–175, 363, 432–436, 439–442,
Sexual assault, see Sexual violence 450–452, 458, 493
Sexual violence, xxix, 385–387, 395–398 group, 251–269
Siblings, 22, 41, 182, 393, 398 Stereotypes, xx, 92, 101–102, 119, 121, 135, 136, 143,
Single-sex schools, 259 144, 146, 328, 394, 395, 398
Social capital, see Social networks stereotype threat, xx, 101, 102, 121, 136, 143, 144,
Social class, xviii, xxii, xxvii, xxviii, 3–9, 11, 13, 15, 146, 395
19–29, 31–35, 42, 44–46, 123, 138–141, 144, Sticker price, 412, 420
172, 174–176, 178–180, 182, 185, 186, 188, Stratification, xxiv, xxx, 6, 7, 12, 14, 33, 55–58, 67,
199, 240, 259, 321, 324, 325, 330, 366, 367, 74–76, 90, 100–101, 118, 124, 131, 132, 137,
377, 385, 392, 398, 406 138, 142, 144, 153, 156, 162, 165, 185, 240,
Social construction (socially constructed), xxxv, 103, 252–254, 257–260, 263, 267, 298, 304, 310,
132, 176, 196, 570 319, 322, 344, 375, 409, 411, 419, 425, 426,
Social context, xxi, xxiii, xxvi, xxvii, xxxiii, xxxiv, 39, 442, 451, 522, 537
42, 227, 234, 276, 291, 317–333, 432, within postsecondary education, 419
493, 494 Structural inequalities, 47, 238–241, 362, 365, 367
Social desirability, 237, 238 Student affairs, 390
Social engagement, 386 Student development, 179, 188, 390
Social inequality, xix–xxiii, 12, 145, 181, 184, 187, 188, Student experiences, 172, 175, 176, 178–186, 188, 194,
251, 252, 268–269, 361, 494 203, 385–399, 410
Social integration, 147, 318 Student involvement, 186
Socialization, xxi, 3, 5, 86, 91, 102, 103, 119, 135, 136, Student learning, xxiv, 144, 174, 176, 222, 276, 279, 391,
194, 196–198, 211, 275, 285, 288, 289, 327 442, 514, 518
Social mobility, xvii, xxii, xxix, xxxvi, 15, 89, 90, 154, Student loan debt, 386, 460
158, 172–176, 182, 188, 251, 255, 321, 389, Student persistence, 183, 414, 437, 447
406, 419, 422, 425, 426, 432, 434, 451 Student services, xxxv, 386, 389, 390, 407, 424, 468, 547
Students of color, 154, 179, 182, 184, 186, 187, 205,
206, 254, 259, 260, 264, 266, 369, 378, 421
Sub-baccalaureate credential, 408

Subject Index 597

Suburban, xxiii, 48, 50, 123, 144, 205, 207, 208, 227, Unpaid work, 349–350, 354, 355
233, 257, 276, 277, 321 Upper class (or elite or privileged or affluent or

Summer school, 59, 263 advantaged), 12–16, 18–20, 23, 28, 33–35, 42,
Summer setback, 61, 64, 258 90, 174, 175, 179, 186, 367
Urban, xxi, xxiii, xxix, 47, 50, 109, 117, 123, 144, 147,
T 158, 173, 202, 204, 205, 207, 222, 227, 232,
Teachers, 3, 40, 56, 81, 120–122, 132, 156, 174, 197, 233, 236, 240, 257, 276, 277, 284, 321, 375,
407, 416, 481, 569
227, 251, 276, 297, 319, 338, 365, 444, 467,
476, 494, 513–530, 563 V
recommendations, 256 Verbal test, 267, 516
Teaching, xxiii, xxv, xxxii, xxxiii, xxxiv, 42, 50, 89, 103, Vertical differentiation, 252, 254, 255, 263, 497
138, 163, 179, 183, 231, 253, 256, 259, Vertical organization, 252
275–291, 297, 298, 301–304, 306–310, 350, Vertical transfer (“transferred vertically”), 419, 424
368, 390, 449, 479, 480, 486, 513–517, 519, Vocational, 18, 96, 177, 253–255, 257, 260,
520, 524, 526–529, 546, 549, 567, 569
Technical courses, 255 267, 339, 341, 354, 409, 443, 536,
Test scores, xxi, xxv, xxxii, xxxiii, 3, 4, 12–14, 16, 20, 540, 552
23–27, 30, 32, 34, 56, 62, 74, 76, 80, 81, Vocational development, 339, 343, 344, 346, 350–354
111–114, 131–136, 138, 139, 141–145, 178, Vocationalizing (vocationalization), 409, 410
222, 225, 227, 229, 230, 237–239, 241, Volunteering, 24, 48, 239, 340, 349, 350, 355
258–260, 265, 276, 280, 281, 332, 370, 415, Vouchers, xxiv, 221–226, 228–230, 235, 236, 242, 243,
419, 439, 477, 479–484, 487, 493–510, 513, 488, 545, 546, 550
516, 518, 521, 523, 525–527, 530 effects of, 230
Time use, 12, 290, 340, 350, 352, 353, 388, 389
Title IX, 208, 396 W
Tournament mobility, 255 Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, 390
Tracking, 47, 56, 66, 67, 115, 121, 133, 140, 211, 238, Warming up, 414, 432
253–255, 258, 260, 261, 265, 267, 278, 318, What Works Clearinghouse, 563
366, 483, 517, 527, 540 William T. Grant Foundation, 573
Tracks, xxii, xxxi, 94, 98, 102, 117, 121, 177, 187, 253, Wisconsin HOPE Lab, 544, 546, 553
254, 260, 266, 267, 278, 279, 366, 368, 392, Women, 33, 34, 99, 134–137, 146, 175, 180, 181, 184,
409, 416, 419, 443, 444, 462, 464, 481, 521,
539, 569 194, 197, 203, 253, 364, 387, 392, 395–398,
Traditional public schools, 48, 222, 224, 226–231, 406, 407, 434, 459
234–236, 241, 243, 530 Workforce, 254, 266, 276, 279, 281, 285, 370, 438, 468,
Training, xxiii, xxxiii, 18, 42, 44, 46, 50, 85, 89, 90, 96, 469, 535
102, 103, 160, 177, 197, 198, 205–207, 209, Working-class, 4, 5, 11, 14–16, 18–20, 22, 23, 28, 32, 33,
253, 254, 257, 259, 276, 279, 280, 284, 288, 35, 90, 92, 102, 103, 174, 179, 180, 185, 186,
310, 323, 339, 374, 406, 409, 419, 420, 237, 239, 321, 392, 393, 433–437, 451,
458–460, 486, 507, 514, 515, 521, 526, 527, 452, 463
529, 536, 546, 547, 552, 563, 569 Working class (poor, low income, disadvantaged, less
Transfer, xxx, 160, 173, 174, 240, 309, 375, 410, 412, privileged), 15, 19, 22, 33, 35, 90, 174, 179,
414–419, 424, 425, 438, 440, 441, 443, 446, 185, 186, 237, 239, 393, 435
463, 465, 481, 485, 536–538, 541, 544, 566
Transfer agreements (articulation agreements), 417, 418, Y
443, 446 Youth development study, 344, 347, 350–353
Transportation, 239, 241, 242, 346 Youth employment
Truman Commission, 536
Tuition, 86, 154, 162–164, 221, 386, 392, 407, 412, 417, job type, 338, 342, 347
420–422, 424, 435, 446, 459–461, 464, 465, summer work, 351
536, 539, 540, 542, 551 work duration, 339, 340, 343–345, 347–349
work earnings, 346, 347
U work hours, 337, 338, 340, 350
Underrepresented groups, 181, 183, 259, 398, 423, 535 work quality, 338, 340, 341, 343, 345, 347, 349,
Unequal access, 258, 284
351, 354
work-study programs, 342