ANYFLIP BS ASSIGNMENT 1

CENTRE OF STUDIES FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING (CSQS)
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING




BQS 554 BUILDING SERVICES II

MULTI-STOREY SMART
BUILDING

CASE STUDY: TRX BUILDING

PREPARED BY:



NORINTAN BINTI OTHMAN (2021483274)
SITI HAJAR BINTI SAIFUL BAHARI (2021861894)
ANIS ADLINA SOFIA BINTI AHMAD RAHAIZAD (2021497832)
WAN AIN MASYITAH BINTI WAN ABDUL SAMAD (2021813548)
NUR SYAZWANI HAIFAA BINTI MOHD SHAIFUL AZRI (2021482746)





PREPARED FOR:


DR. SITI NOR AZNIZA AHMAD SEKAK

TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION 1

CASE STUDY 2
-Background

01 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM 3-9
- Smart Smoke
Detector

02 TELECOMMUNICATION 10-18
- Waze Beacon

03 SPECIAL SERVICES SYSTEM 19-29
-Building Security System

04 MECHANICAL HANDLING 30-38
SYSTEM
- Smart Elevator

05 HEATING, VENTILATION AND 39-45
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
-Smart HVAC System

CONCLUSION 46

REFERENCE 47-48

INTRODUCTION

Smart building is one that uses technology to enable efficient and
economical use of resources, while creating a safe and
comfortable environment for occupants. Smart buildings may use
a wide range of existing technologies and are designed or
retrofitted in a way that allows for the integration of future
technological developments. Internet of Things (IoT) sensors,
building management systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and
augmented reality are amongst some of the mechanisms and
robotics that may be used in a smart building to control and
optimize its performance.

To show how smart building features can be utilized in the real
world, the National Grid demonstrates how people counting
sensors were used to provide reports on occupancy levels. This
allowed for usage and capacity measurements throughout the
building and helped support a smarter workspace strategy.

Smart buildings generate a large volume of valuable building
data about how they are being utilized. Analyzing this data can
give you insight regarding usage patterns and trends, so that you
can make informed decisions on how to optimize your building.

Ways of utilizing smart building technology
For automation
To integrate with different building systems
For preventative maintenance
For space optimization

1

CASE STUDY

The case study chosen for this proposed

system is TRX Building. The Tun Razak

Exchange, otherwise known as TRX (previously

known as Kuala Lumpur International

Financial District or KLIFD), is a 70-acre

development by 1Malaysia Development

Berhad (1MDB) in the heart of Kuala Lumpur

for international finance and business. The

financial district is named after the second

Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdul Razak

Hussein, and its location along Jalan Tun

Razak. TRX is a strategic enabler of the

Malaysian government's Economic

Transformation Programme (ETP).

TRX City Sdn Bhd is wholly owned by the
Malaysian Ministry of Finance and serves as a
strategic development company. It is the
master developer of Tun Razak Exchange
(TRX).

TRX City ensures the development of the

financial district to follow the future-ready

masterplan, which combines world-class

infrastructure, excellent connectivity,

sustainable design and attractive urban

ecosystem.

TRX City is also the owner of Bandar Malaysia
Sdn Bhd, a 486-acre urban development in
the heart of Kuala Lumpur.

2

01

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
(SMART SMOKE DETECTOR)

What is smoke
detector?

A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke as a warning sign
of a fire. As part of a fire alarm system, commercial smoke
detectors send a signal to a fire alarm control panel. Smoke
detectors, often known as smoke alarms, generate an audible or
visual signal from the detector itself, or several detectors if
multiple devices are interconnected.
Smoke detectors are normally placed in plastic enclosures that are
formed like a disc with a diameter of 150 millimetres and a
thickness of 25 millimetres, but shape and size depend. Smoke can
be detected visually or physically. One or both sensing
mechanisms may be used by detectors. Smoking in prohibited
areas can be detected and discouraged using sensitive alarms.
Smoke detectors are generally connected to a central fire alarm
system in large commercial and industrial buildings. Individual
battery-powered smoke detectors to multiple interconnected
units with battery backup are available for domestic use. If one of
the interconnected units senses smoke, all of the alarms will
activate. Even if there is no power in the house, this can happen.

3

HOW THE SMOKE
DETECTOR
FUNCTION

Particles in the air are detected by smoke alarms. They usually do
this with two sorts of detecting technology.First and foremost,
there are ionisation detectors.These utilize a little amount of
radioactive material that is properly protected and electrically
charges, or ionises, the air molecules between two metal plates.
This causes a little electric current to flow in the air from one plate
to the other. When particles enter the chamber, they attract the
ions and take them away, causing the current to decrease. When
the quantity of particles entering the chamber is sufficient to
reduce the current below a specific level, the sensor registers
those particles as smoke and an alarm is activated. And what
about that radioactive substance? The majority of its radiation is
prevented inside the device, and even so, the radiation levels
inside the device are significantly lower than the natural
background radiation to which humans are constantly exposed.

Photoelectric detection is another form of widely utilised detecting
technology. This technology detects light reflected off particles
from a light beam within the sensor chamber. When there are no
particles in the sensing chamber, the light from the beam does
not strike the light detector, suggesting that everything is OK. The
alarm occurs when particles are present and the amount of light
detected by the light detector exceeds a specific threshold level.

Both types of detectors can detect either slow-burning
"smouldering" or fast-burning "flaming" fires, but each has its own
set of advantages. Small black soot particles from burning
flames are detected more faster by ionization-based alarms
because they are created in larger amounts and absorb more
current from between the plates. Photoelectric detectors are
more sensitive to bigger particles that are white or light-colored
and hence more reflecting, such as those generated by
smouldering fires.

4

INSTALLATION
PROCESS

01 Turn off the electricity at the 02 Follow the app's instructions to
main breaker before programme each of your smart
beginning any electrical smoke detectors. You may label
work determine your each one according to the room
mounting location description (kitchen, living room,
etc.)
03 Connect the pigtail given by the
manufacturer to the power supply 04 Using the flathead screwdriver and
in the house and s ecure it with a the existing screws, attach the new
wire nut. mounting plate to the electrical
box.
05 Plug in the smart smoke detector
and fasten it to the mounting 06 Repeat for all rooms in the home,
bracket. then switch on the power and test
each smart smoke detectors with
the "test" button.

5

BENEFITS OF SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

Capability to A smart smoke detector has the benefit of detecting
identify fires more a fire much faster than a traditional smoke detector.
A simple smoke detector detects instances of
quickly excessive smoke in a space.
Smart smoke detectors take it a step further by
identifying whether a room is overheating or has
had a substantial temperature increase.

A smart smoke detector may deliver numerous Notification and
warnings and alarms to different parties. alarm services
These smart smoke detectors may be linked to an
infrastructure system that will notify the rescue team if
there is a fire.
Furthermore, even if they are not at home, everyone who
has an app linked to the smart smoke detector will be
able to get warnings when a crisis strikes.

Battery durability Most experts recommend that people update the
and efficiency batteries in their smart smoke detectors at least once a
year.
Smart smoke detectors, on the other hand, may be
certain that they will last significantly longer when using
a new battery.
A smart detector also has the advantage of alerting
you when the battery is low or reaching its end of life via
an app on your smartphone.
Moreover, the application allows users to monitor the
status of the smart smoke detector at any time..

6

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF
SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

1.The Battery Peg or 2. Changes in temperature 3. Hardwired Smoke
Pull-Tab may need may impair performance. Alarms can be connected
to be adjusted. to an electrical breaker
line.

If your device continues to The smoke detector might If the hardwired model does not
make noise after you have generate noise when the respond to any solution, it is
changed the battery, there temperature changes. best to look for the electrical
might be an overlooked issue. It can even happen at home if panel.
After changing the battery, there is heat. Temperature You must check for the labels
certain versions include a variations can occur for a variety "Central alarm" or "Smoke
little security peg that you of causes. If the smoke detector is alarm."
must take out to access the placed in an unheated location, it Then, toggle the breaker to the
drawer. may grow cold and provide an off position. Wait a few
You must press the peg back electrical charge. moments, then toggle it again.
into position. If you change A steam shower from the toilet, or This aids in the restoration of
the battery and the sound still even smoke from the restaurant, electricity. You can resolve the
continues, this indicates that might generate a false alert. problem by resetting the device.
you did not remove the It is essential to place the smoke For confirmation, press and hold
battery pull tab. alarm away from the cooking area the test button for a few
The alarm will function or toilet for this. Setting the seconds.
properly when the pull tab is thermostat to a high or low When the alarm stops making
removed. When there is AC temperature may detect smoke noise after a few seconds, it is
power, you must also remove and generate an alert. functioning perfectly.
the battery pull tab.

7

SPACE IMPLICATIONS

By alerting you earlier in the case of an emergency, a variety
of complementary gadgets might help you avoid fires and
save you from even more terrible danger. Smart smoke
detectors, on the other hand, can alert you and the fire
department even if you're miles away, allowing everyone to
get out of harm's way in the case of an emergency. There are
many reasons why we need to consider before installing in
some location, one of which is to ensure that it works 100% of
the time. If installed in the wrong place, the smoke detector is
ineffective and unproductive. So, where should the smoke
detectors installed? This detector should installed on each
floor of our building. At least one smoke detector should be
installed on each level of the building. We installed it
effectively to minimise the risk of fire. Fire safety experts
recommend installing detectors in the centre of the room,
50cm away from the nearest wall. It is important that the
smoke slots on the device's exterior shell remain unblocked.
Because smoke usually rises to the top, so it will easy to
detect.

Next, install in every room or partition because if a fire begins
in this area when people are around, the alarm will detect
you. We also place a smoke detector outside the room or
partition, as well as in the hallways and corridors that link the
rooms. Following that, we will put it on stairways. During a
fire, the stairway may be the quickest way out. Placing a
smoke alarm on the stairway can help warn other persons
upstairs or downstairs if a fire breaks out. Furthermore, we
will appropriately install smoke detectors in the bathroom
because there are a large percentage of places where fires
start to spread because some people prefer to smoke
cigarettes in there.Moreover, various gadgets, such as hand
dryers, heaters, and others, might create fires in there. So
those are some of our smart suggestions for installing smoke
detectors in our TRX building.

8

BUILDING

REGULATIONS

According to the principle, the smoke detector has the
greatest radius and coverage. As a result, the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) recommends that smoke
detectors have a radius of 21 feet and a coverage area of
1.385 square feet, with a maximum distance of 30 feet
permitted between two smoke detectors (National Fire
Protection Association, 1896). The coverage area for the
proposed smart smoke detector in this proposed
apartment building will be 112 m2, which may be
represented by a square measuring 10.6m X 10.6m, which
is normally approximated to 100m2 for normal building
installation of the smoke detector (Brown. 2012).However,
keep in mind that all areas on the ceiling must be less
than 21 feet from the detector (Thomas Hammerberg,
2006). The smart smoke detector should not be positioned
near openings such as windows and doors since the
detector's operation may be affected.

CASE STUDY

The smart smoke detector was installed in the office space, halls,
corridors, and stairways of this case study building which is The
Exchange 106, commonly known as TRX Building. It is because
based on the concept that a fire noticed early would be smaller,
thereby preventing the loss of life and property in emergency
situations. Furthermore, residents will be given as much warning
and alerts as possible to escape in the event of a fire accident. As
a result, a fire fighting system is likely the most important in TRX
building services, as its purpose is to protect human life and
property in that order.

9

02

TELECOMMUNICATION
(WAZE BEACON)

WHAT IS
WAZE
BEACON?

The Waze Beacons initiative offers vehicles with smooth
navigation underground, where GPS signals do not reach,
assuring location services, greater driving safety, and better
view into real-time activities inside the tunnel.

This technology uses a series of battery-operated Bluetooth
low energy micro-controllers, emitting wireless signals that
enable Waze to provide uninterrupted navigation and traffic
data even when underground.

10

APPLICATION
&

SYSTEM

The beacons were installed just before the movement control order came
into effect, and to date, nearly 240 transmitters have been fitted along the
5.2 km route. To take advantage of the technology, users will only need to
enable Bluetooth connectivity on their smartphone, regardless of their
chosen network provider. In fact, the Waze app will prompt them to turn on
Bluetooth if their selected route uses the Smart Tunnel.
While U Mobile is engaged in the Waze Beacons initiative for the SMART
Tunnel, drivers with suitable smartphones and navigation apps can also
use the service for free, even if they are registered with other telcos.

11

FUNCTION
OF WAZE
BEACON

01 02

Allows cars to Providing location
navigate services

underground where
GPS signals are not

available.

03 04

Improved Improved insight
driver safety into real-time
activities within

the tunnel

12

INSTALLATION
PROCESS

1. Clean the wall using a clean white cloth and 3M Clean and Strip
Disc (or a metal brush) and solvent (IPA 70 percent) to remove
soot and other dust, particles, etc.

2. Spray 3M 80 Spray Adhesive on the surface and
wait 1 minute for it to dry.

3. Remove the tape adhesive liner from the beacon.

4. Place the beacon where you sprayed it (iBeek+ model: make sure
the logo faces incoming traffic). Check that the beacon seems level.

5. Firmly press the beacon against the wall for 6 seconds.

13

ADVANTAGES

Inexpensive Increases the open Pretty simple to
rate for most install

companies due to
the geo-targeted

messages

DISADVANTAGES

Limited to BLE Rely on Beacons Don’t
(Bluetooth) installed Offer a Lot of
brand apps Analyzable
signal
Data

14

PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS

One solution is to use a

Beacon-enabled beacon management
Apps Provide a
platform like Beaconstac,
Poor User
Experience which allows you to specify a

"threshold" time for messages

to be triggered via your app.

Inability to UX designers must consider
provide a 'physical space' as an
consistent important dimension of their
experience work in order to provide a
great user experience on
beacon-enabled apps.

Specification Enter GemTot beacons,
Conflicts which are completely
compliant with both the
iBeacon and AltBeacon
specifications.

15

SPACE IMPLICATION

Beacons should be installed on the wall of the tunnel at the following heights:

○ Optimal installation height: 4-5 m
○ Minimum installation height: 3 m
○ Maximum installation height: 6 m

Beacons should be spaced every 10-50 m, although we recommend a maximum of
40 m. Measure the distance between beacons with a laser meter or wheel meter.
Keep at least 25 cm (2 wavelengths) between the beacon and any metal objects,
such as power lines, antenna lines, etc. Placing beacons too close to metal objects
can interfere with the beacon’s signal, so make sure the beacon is always visible.

16

BUILDING

REGULATION

Any building must have a functional telecommunications infrastructure. It
enables the quick flow of information between people within the building
and links them to people all over the world. In order to offer vital
communications, a typical office complex requires hundreds of kilometres
of telecommunications cable that must be properly constructed and
managed.
A building's telecommunications infrastructure is made up of two systems:

Telecommunications corridors and places (e.g. rooms, cable tray,
conduit)
Telecommunications cabling systems connect telecommunications
rooms and go from the telecommunications room(s) on each level
(previously known as a "telecommunication closet") to work spaces or
end devices such as servers.

17

CASE STUDY:
Tun Razak
Exchange City

TRX City Sdn Bhd has collaborated with Waze to deploy
Bluetooth®-enabled hardware devices known as Waze
Beacons along TRX's subterranean roadways leading to
the development's car parks. The installation of Waze
Beacons in the TRX multi-level tunnel system will make it
easier for cars to traverse subterranean regions with
several exits and roundabouts during periods of bad
connectivity, as well as reduce traffic confusion and
congestion.

18

03

SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM

((BBUUIILLDDIINNGG SSEECCUURRIITTYY SSYYSSTTEEMM))

APPLICATION AND SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM SYSTEM

BBUUIILLDDIINNGG SSEECCUURRIITTYY
SSYYSSTTEEMM

WHAT IS SECURITY? 19

Security, fire-life-safety, ventilation, lighting,
health, and comfort are only a few of the
essential needs that must be met by any
facility. The requirement for security stems
from the need to safeguard property, data, and
persons. Identification of cars entering and
departing a parking lot, access control to
sensitive or guarded locations, and security
safeguards against terrorist bomb threats,
robberies, and burglaries are all examples of
security requirements. Two of the most
common security applications are CCTV and
access control.

Safety, safekeeping, measures, or protection
against social misbehavior and contempt for
others' property by a minority of the population
are all examples of security. There is no such
thing as a flawless security system, but the
more precisely planned and developed the
system is (for the specific premises
circumstances), the less likely it is to be
defeated.

Using sensing, connection, and user interface
technologies, Renesas building security
systems provide ease and peace of mind.
Security systems are made up of two
components in the context of building
automation. A conceptual diagram is shown
below. The first is a monitoring system that
uses cameras and sensors of various sorts to
keep an eye on what's going on inside and
outside the structure. The second is a crime
prevention system that uses information from
monitoring systems to regulate and control
entry and egress.

BUILDING SERVICES FUNCTION SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM



AACCCCEESSSS CCOONNTTRROOLL SSYYSSTTEEMM




Simply state, "access control" refers to any method of restricting or allowing
entry into or out of a space. Access control systems have evolved throughout
time to become increasingly complex. The most typical use of access control
systems is to regulate access to a building's external entrances. Access
control systems can also be used to restrict access to certain locations
within a building's interior. An access control system's goal is to allow rapid,
simple access to those who are permitted while restricting access for those
who are not. Many access control systems rely on networks for
communication, and data is exchanged across these networks.

CCAARRDD AACCCCEESSSS CCOONNTTRROOLL
SSYYSSTTEEMM




Employees, renters, and visitors to a facility utilize
card access systems to control their entry and
departure. Each person has their own card with
allowed locations imprinted in the card data that
can be accessed. With one smooth swipe of the
card through the scanner positioned on a door or
elevator access control system, card access
systems are simple to use. Employees and
renters will have access to specific areas such as
their workstations, cafeterias, and parking
garages, among other things. Visitors will be
issued a card that grants them access to a
certain area exclusively, preventing them from
roaming or spying about a facility. Access control
is a secure approach to keep unwanted visitors
out of the building.

20

TYPE OF ACCESS CARD AND BENEFITS OF THE

SYSTEM

PPRROOXXIIMMIITTYY CCAARRDD
SPECIAL SERVICES


SYSTEM

For many access control systems, proximity readers are a common choice. While it
comes to access control, the first security measure visitors face when trying to enter
a location is a door entry reader. A user must have an approved proximity card on
their person in order to obtain entrance via a proximity card reader. RFID (radio
frequency identification) is used by proximity cards and readers to communicate
wirelessly, with authorization data encoded on the cards. Because proximity
scanners can be customized to fulfil a broad range of applications, they are an
excellent choice for commercial building security.

BENEFITS

IN JUST MINUTES, A NEW CARD WITH ACCESS TO MULTIPLE DOORS CAN BE ISSUED
If a new team member joins or a key card breaks or wears out for any reason, it can set up
and issue a new one with the same access as if the person already had access, without the
hassle of determining which doors that person should be allowed to access again or
running to the hardware store for duplicate keys.

CAN RECEIVE REPORTS ON WHICH DOORS EVERYONE HAS ENTERED
If an alarm is raised or anything goes missing, a card access system allows you to retrace
everyone's steps through the system's doors. The system may create reports that show
which doors certain users entered and when they did so. Alternatively, if we see something
out of place in, say, a certain room, we may run a report to discover who has accessed that
area in the last month. These capabilities, which are included into every card access
system, make it easy to keep track of facilities without having to continually watch them

IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO CHECK ALL DOORS IN OUR FACILITIES TO DETERMINE WHICH KEY
WORKS FOR EACH DOOR
At all times, the card access system displays which cards have access to which doors. This
manner, rather than walking around testing cards at all the doors, we can manage our key
cards from the desk. T This is not only unpleasant, but it may also be hazardous to go
around with a stockpile of keys.

SOMEONE WILL NOT MAKE A CARD COPY
It is substantially more difficult for an attacker to copy a "key" card using card access
systems. The electronics on the card cannot be cut at Walmart in the same way that a
regular key can.

21

INSTALLATION PROCESS


SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM
STEP 1: STEP 2:
That used a Measure the height
measuring tape, of the card reader
determine the height and the holes in the
of the card reader as door frame for the
well as the size of the
lock
door lock

STEP 4: STEP 3:
Hacking on the wall Using the designated
is done because the points as a template,
drill two holes in the
cable connection
from the supply box wall
to the card reader
will be inserted inside STEP 6:
Attach the
the wall connection from the
supply box to the

card reader to obtain
STEP 5: a power supply
Screw the card
reader to the wall
and install the
security door lock on
the frame or door.




STEP 7:
Attach the card
reader's shell to
protect the device's

chipset.



22

BUILDING SERVICES FUNCTION

SSUURRVVEEIILLLLAANNCCEE




CCCCTTVV




CCTV, which stands for closed-circuit television, is sometimes SPECIAL SERVICES
known as video surveillance. In contrast to "normal" TV, which SYSTEM
is aired to the public, "closed-circuit" broadcasts are often sent
to a limited (closed) number of monitors. CCTV networks are
widely employed to identify and discourage criminal activity
as well as to record traffic violations, but they have additional
applications. Potential offenders can be deterred by CCTV
surveillance. When a crime occurs, video recording can aid law
enforcement in their investigation and subsequently give
evidence for prosecution in a court of law. Audio, thermal, and
other forms of sensors, when used in conjunction with CCTV,
can notify officials to unusual events, such as a fire or
gunshots at a site. CCTV cameras at companies can identify
and track illicit activity in the building.

PPTTZZ CCAAMMEERRAA 23




PTZ cameras include mechanical pieces that
allow them to rotate left to right, tilt up and
down, and zoom in and out of a scene. They're
often used to monitor large open areas that
require a 180- or 360-degree view, and they're
installed at guard stations where active
employees may operate them through a remote
camera controller. They can also be
programmed to automatically track motion-
triggered activities or conform to a pre-defined
schedule, depending on the camera or software.
PTZ cameras are typically used in conjunction
with a larger surveillance system, with the PTZ
tracking movement while a fixed camera
captures detailed images.

BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM



WIDE FIELD OF VIEW:
PTZ cameras are used to monitor a large area and are frequently suggested
to be used in conjunction with a fixed camera to eliminate coverage gaps.
Depending on the model, cameras can move from zero to 360 degrees
pan/180 degrees tilt. Some systems also have digital pan and tilt, which
allows video to be modified after recording, albeit the resultant video will be
grainier and lower resolution.
MOTION-BASED AUTO TRACKING:
Auto tracking is a feature that allows PTZ cameras to automatically alter
their field of view to track moving objects. This feature is often used in
tranquil environments with little activity (for example, a building after
closing).
TIME-BASED AUTO SCAN:
PTZ cameras may be programmed to scan pre-defined regions and move
in patterns (tours). Preset positions can be preset to alter according to
time. A PTZ camera, for example, can be set to pan, tilt, or zoom every 30
seconds in order to record different regions of interest within the camera's
overall monitoring area.
REMOTE CAMERA CONTROL:
Traditional PTZ cameras may be adjusted manually and remotely to
monitor suspicious activities. Users may alter the camera's field of view
without having to visit the site.

24

INSTALLATION PROCESS SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM
Step 1: Remove the camera's mounting
bracket.

Step 2: Attach the bracket to the ceiling or
wall where the camera will be mounted.
The screws are then tightened

Step 3: Connect the wires and rotate the
camera clockwise to the bracket

Step 4: Finish the installation by
tightening the set screw

25

PROBLEMS AND SPECIAL SERVICES
SOLUTIONS SYSTEM

BBUUIILLDDIINNGG SSEECCUURRIITTYY
SSYYSSTTEEMM

WHAT TO DO TO Installation of a high-quality video system, an access card
ENSURE THAT THE system, and sensors that have been approved.
BUILDING SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS PROPERLY? Provision of PZT cameras in strategic locations and
practically every corner of the building

Inspection of the building's CCTV sensor and access card
system sensor on a regular basis

IS IT POSSIBLE FOR THE Most cameras rely on energy to operate, so if the power
PTZ CAMERA TO WORK goes out, they will cease to function. However, other
WITHOUT AN ELECTRIC cameras, such as battery-powered security cameras,
wireless security cameras, and solar-powered security
SUPPLY? cameras, function with or without electricity

IS IT TRUE THAT THE Yes, frequent maintenance is required to keep Surveillance
LIFESPAN OF PTZ Systems functioning efficiently. Security Systems will
ultimately need to be replaced, repaired, or improved.
CAMERAS AND CARD
ACCESS CONTROL Some issues can be resolved by updating a security system,
SYSTEMS IS SHORT? since upgrades are sometimes a realistic method for
extending the life of the original system.

26

SPACE IMPLICATIONS SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM
BBUUIILLDDIINNGG SSEECCUURRIITTYY
SSYYSSTTEEMM

CCAARRDD AACCCCEESSSS CCOONNTTRROOLL
SSYYSSTTEEMM




The focus of the card access control system is on
the wall. The card reader must be mounted on the
wall. Card access control systems are most
typically used to regulate admission into building
external doors. Card access control systems can
also be used to restrict access to certain portions of
a building's interior. The card reader should be
placed at eye height. The installation of the access
control system does not require much room
because it is mounted on the wall. However,
because it has to be connected to a power supply,
the installation needed wire work. The system must
be installed at the building's main entrance to
prevent unauthorized individuals from entering.

PPTTZZ CCAAMMEERRAA 27




The focus of the PTZ camera is on the wall or
ceiling. The camera must be mounted on the
ceiling or wall. To gain a clear view of the
surrounding regions, the camera must be
mounted on a high height and cannot be
obstructed by a beam or column. The camera
system installation does not require much
room because it is positioned on the ceiling or
wall surface. To avoid "blind spots," the
camera should be placed in every area of the
structure. The main section, which includes
parking spaces, a hallway, a lobby, and a
stairway

BUILDING REGULATIONS SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM
BBUUIILLDDIINNGG SSEECCUURRIITTYY
SSYYSSTTEEMM

The component of the building regulations
governing electrical work is known as Part P.
All sorts of electrical work are covered under
Part P legislation. They demand that
electrical systems fulfil predetermined
requirements. These guidelines ensure the
safety of electrical work. Different forms of
electrical work must adhere to Part P building
codes in different ways. Small-scale work,
such as changing plug outlets or light
switches, is not required to be reported. This
means you won't have to go to the local
building control office to make sure the job is
up to code. Larger projects, such as adding a
new electrical circuit or spur, or installing a
fuse box or RCD, must be reported.

Notifiable work includes any CCTV system
installation that necessitates the installation
of a new electrical circuit. Since they are
external electrics, most multi-camera
systems will require their own circuit.
Separate electrical protection may be
required for the devices used to watch and
record the video. It is critical to ensure that
your CCTV system is properly setup. The
safety of an electrical system is critical, but a
CCTV system must also be dependable to be
successful. It is critical to have dependable
electrical wiring and power sources to keep
your CCTV system operating. Using a certified
electrician to install your CCTV system
ensures that it is dependable and follows Part
P building rules.

28

CASE STUDY SPECIAL SERVICES
SYSTEM
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SSYYSSTTEEMM

CCAARRDD AACCCCEESSSS CCOONNTTRROOLL
SSYYSSTTEEMM




TRX building uses an access card as its
security system to enter the main building, and
some areas, such as the security room, need
this access card. According to the general
manager, the entrance door may also be
controlled via a smartphone application. This
security approach is particularly secure since
the door may be opened in two ways: with an
access card or with a smartphone, resulting in
a low risk of burglary. Aside from that, the
access control system will be installed at the
building's important areas, such as the parking
lots, main entrance, elevators, and staircase.

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TRX building's security system is a PTZ camera.
According to the general manager, there will
be CCTV in the hallway and entry area to
monitor staff and guests coming and going.
Aside from that, the camera will be installed in
key places such as parking lots, corridors,
elevators, and lobby to ensure user safety. The
use of this security system may minimize the
security guard's workmanship since they do
not have to patrol the building regions every
time it is midnight. Furthermore, the camera
may be utilized as a detector if a service
system breakdown occurs

29

04

MECHANICAL
HANDLING SYSTEM

(SMART ELEVATOR WITH
DESTINATION CONTROL

SYSTEM)

ELEVATOR/LIFT

A car that travels in a vertical shaft to transport passengers or freight between
the levels of a multistory structure is known as an elevator. Electric motors, with the
help of a counterweight, propel most contemporary elevators through a system of
wires and sheaves (pulleys). The elevator, by allowing access to taller structures,
had a critical role in shaping the urban topography of many contemporary cities,
and it continues to play an important role in future city growth.

The majority of modern elevators are automated, with various control systems
used to operate one or multiple elevators. Single-automatic-push-button, the
earliest automated control technology, offers a rider sole usage of the automobile for
a journey. When there is just one elevator in a building, collective operation is
popular. The automobile responds to all calls in one direction in order, then reverses
and responds to all calls in the opposite way. Two automobiles can work together
and share calls in a two-car or duplex collective version.

The user presses a button to designate their destination, and then an indicator
directs them to the elevator that will get them there in the shortest time. This is
quicker and more efficient, possibly lowering expenses and decreasing the number,
size, and speed of elevators necessary. They may be designed to operate in various
modes at different times of the day, and they can recognise users using keycards
with information such as destination and permissions. Monitoring technology may be
included in smart elevators and smart escalators to assist schedule maintenance
and repairs.

DESTINATION CONTROL SYSTEM

Unlike traditional elevator control systems, which simply register the
requested travel direction, the destination control system considers the
desired destination floors as well as the number of passengers waiting to
increase elevator efficiency and convenience. Increased handling capacity,
shorter route durations, fewer intermediate stops, and improved passenger
comfort are all benefits of this extra information. During peak traffic times
and rush hours, when traditional traffic management systems struggle to
deal with the enormous volume of vehicles, the greatly increased system
performance is most noticeable.

031 0

Case Study: TRX
Tower

The Tun Razak Exchange tower uses elevator services from KONE Malaysia. KONE
has begun installing its latest DX Class elevators in Malaysian buildings. These
elevators are designed to provide consumers with a digitally connected experience
through integrations with a variety of smart solutions and services. The building
uses an integrated turnstile and lift system to bring occupants up to their
respective floors as quickly as possible. Individual lifts, like those in most recent
office buildings, do not come with a variety of buttons for different levels.

When you tap your access card at the turnstile in this building, you will be given
a lift, which allows the system to know exactly how many people are travelling to
each floor. With this method in place, you should only have to make three stops to
get to your desired floor. It has 6 lifts in in the tower it self. Lifts and escalators, as
well as air conditioning, can be synchronised with peak periods during the day,
pipe leaks in the water delivery system can be identified and repaired quickly using
location information, traffic trends and patterns can be used to improve traffic flow
during events, and overflowing wastebins can be emptied before they become a
health hazard.

The heightened security requirements at TRX best capture the mix of physical
factors, digital support, and the human touch.

0331

APPLICATION /
Destination Control System
SYSTEM
After specifying the intended
Various sorts of connection are destination, the Destination Control
used to control or monitor a smart screen determines which elevator will
elevator. Elevator uses a Wi-Fi or handle the request. Ground-floor
LAN interface to communicate with buildings with a high flow of traffic are
the bespoke electronics on the one of the two alternatives. Buildings
inside. Hardware communicates with several stories and a large volume
with IoT central and sends signals of traffic. Depending on the aesthetic,
(any change in GPIO pin or register user-experience, and performance
value) to it. The hardware will requirements of your elevator system,
identify when the elevator controller two configurations – hybrid and
alters the signal, and in that case, traditional destination control systems
the hardware will transmit the are offered.
signal to the IoT central. IoT central
will provide the data to the logic
application layer, which will then
take it down to the core logic to
build a meaningful signal, fault
prediction, and fault detection, and
then send it to the user interface
through WebSocket.

Smart lifts are available. The
intercom is connected to a wireless
communication system. It is
practical to have it put in the
elevator since it may be utilized in
the event of an elevator
malfunction. Because of the
breakdown line, the occupants or
rescue workers may be confined
within the lift, and the intercom
system and unrestricted staff
interaction are not operating. Those
in need would still be able to seek
aid instantly if the wireless
communication system was
installed, avoiding unneeded panic.
It can also help the rescue crew
work more efficiently in any
emergency situations that may
arise.

311 2

HOW IT WORKS

Smart Elevator System

A geared or winding drum elevator houses
the hoist motor. It connects to the brake
drum and turns the elevator drive sheave
with a spiral worm gear that meshes with
the machine's ring gear. A modern AC
motor and its associated new AC VVVF drive
are frequently used to replace both AC and
DC hoist motors.

Features that minimize energy
consumption:

Automatic car light operation
turns off the lights while the car is
not in use and then turns them
back on when the car is called.
The light on the destination floor is
automatically controlled by the
corridor illumination control.
When the drive is not in use, the
power stage is switched to sleep
mode.
When the elevator is not in use,
the car fan is shut off.
Regenerative drive recovers energy,
saving up to 30% of the total energy
consumed

Lift car

036 3

HOW IT WORKS

Destination Control System

Choose your destination Make your way to the Passengers choose their destination before
floor at the operational entering the lobby and are directed to a
panel, or at the turnstile by elevator that was specialised car. The same car is assigned to a
showing your access card. limited number of other passengers from a
You'll be able to see the allocated to you. As you certain floor range. The boarding process is
elevator you've been calm and orderly, and travel times are kept to a
allocated to on the display. approach, check the minimum.

identifier above each

elevator to verify which

one is yours.

By intelligently grouping people, the
number of intermediate stops is
reduced. In comparison to traditional
full collective elevator systems, this
results in reduced journey durations
and increased handling capacity.

036 4

Installation
Process

01 Setting up an appropriate column 02 After the column's installation was
location for the lift is the first and completed, the carriage was loaded to

most crucial phase. To avoid any carry all of the occupants and other

disruptions, the installation work cargo. The carriage will be put inside the

should be done in a reasonable already-built columns. Wheel blocks will

amount of space. The shaft must be attached to the vertical carriage and

be clean, dry, and debris-free. To mounted to the columns. The wheel

prevent personnel from falling into blocks are attached to the lift chains,

the shaft, full-height protection is which are mounted. When the carriage

installed at all entrances. is elevated, these should not jump out of

the sprocket.

03 The next stage is to raise the drive 04 Finally, the electrical wiring components

base on top of the lift in order to will be modified and handled as
install the mechanical lift. When needed in order for the lift to function
the lift's motor drive is correctly properly. Following the completion of
aligned, the drive base will be the installation, all necessary testing will
bolted and welded in place to be performed to guarantee that the lift
strengthen the lift's support. is free of damage or malfunction.

033 5

Benefits

The ability to do remote monitoring More The elevator group's handling
handling capacity has been increased,
and testing of lift systems in real time. capacity particularly during peak traffic
periods such as the morning up-
Easier Great for facilities managers who Save peaks that are prevalent in office
energy buildings.
managementneed to keep track of several
Decreases building energy
buildings and elevator systems. usage by reducing unnecessary
stops. It also has the ability to
Remote monitoring will alert you to reduce energy usage and create
a more environmentally friendly
any issues and allow you to see your building.

lifts operating in real time. Remote Uses data on the number of
passengers and their destination
testing allows you to observe a fault in floors to group passengers with
similar destinations together,
action. These tests can also be resulting in faster transit times
and fewer intermediate stops.
arranged at times when the lift is less The amount of time it takes to
get from one floor level to the
busy, so they don't disrupt normal next can be lowered. As the
effectiveness of the process
operations. improves, the total number of
lifts required lowers.
Better Facilitates integration of the elevator
security system with the building's access
control system. Access cards and PIN
codes are available to occupants. Save
Significantly limiting unauthorised time &
elevator use cost
and enhancing the overall security of
the structure.

Compact Lift design is compacted as the
elevator machine room is not huge
thus it does not require so much
space

233 6

Problems

Worn Sheaves Power Failure Contamination

When the
sheaves Elevators in
commercial The wear of
elevator parts

deplete, they put extra environments consume a causes particles to break off,
strain on the ropes, which releasing them into the oil. This
causes the sheaves to lot of energy from the can cause problems with the
wear down even more. functioning of the lift. Improper
This destructive loop has utility grid. Any changes to lubrication and worn seals can
the potential to fully tyre also cause contamination.
both of them down. the system's voltage can Conducting an oil analysis is a
simple method of checking the
have an impact on motor various properties that may
indicate contamination or wear
operations, perhaps inside the motor. A high
presence of bronze in the gear
causing damage to the case oil usually indicates
premature wear on the crown
elevator. gear. A high concentration of
aluminium in a hydraulic tank
Regrooving or replacing may indicate pump housing
wear.
the sheaves will prevent Engineers may measure Ensure you organise regular lift
maintenance: this is the best
early hoist rope failure, any dramatic way of helping prevent some of
these most common faults.
therefore make sure the temperature fluctuations

groove profiles are using infrared

correct. Magnetic thermography, finding

standards and a straight potential issue locations

edge can be used to before they cause costly

visually ensure that the system failures. A high or

grooves on the sheave low voltage, or fuses that

are aligned uniformly. are operating hot, are

common issues.

Solution
As part of its KONE 24/7 Connected Services offering, KONE has been
employing IBM's Watson IoT Platform and Predictive Maintenance Insights.
This enables building operators and maintenance providers like KONE to
adapt maintenance to each unique elevator and escalator, detecting
possible issues even before the maintenance crew arrives.
Smart elevators are data-generating, problem-solving machines that use
IoT and artificial intelligence to make real-time choices on maintenance
and operational routines.
Before visiting the elevator/escalator site, professional technicians can now
analyse and correctly identify problems. Our technicians used to have to
make repeated journeys to the site to discover and diagnose problems,
which took time.
Based on the data sent, professional professionals can predict and suggest
remedies to possible problems before they emerge.

034 7

Building Regulation

According to the International Building Code 2018:
the openings in hoistway enclosures needs to be protected to prevent accidents. There must be
emergency signs that is approved pictorial signs leading to exits stairways/not to use during fire.
Moreover, standby power is connected to elevators/ machine rooms for ventilation during
emergencies.

According to Kode Code and Standards:
EN81-70 ACCESSIBILITY ELEVATORS

The EN81-70 standard defines car size and interior accessories that facilitate access for people
using wheelchairs and walking aids. EN81-70 compliance is available for KONE EcoSpace,
MonoSpace 500, MonoSpace 700, and MiniSpace elevators.

VANDAL-RESISTANT ELEVATORS
EN81-71 compliance is available to protect KONE MonoSpace 500 and KONE MonoSpace 700
elevators in buildings subject to vandalism. Vandal resistant solutions include materials and
accessories that are durable, have limited flammability and that are water resistant.

Both the environmental and functional requirements of EN 81-72-2015 are met by KONE solutions
for firefighters elevators. For rescue operations, trap doors and ladders are supplied. EN81-72-2015
specifies the electrical and control equipment, as well as their enclosure and elevator operation in
the case of a fire.

Space Implications

The proposed smart elevator is suitable for a multi
story building and fit perfectly in that type of building.
Since this is an electric elevator the design is compact
and does not use much space compared to other
types of lift. it will only take up space that is
specifically made for the lift. the space in the elevator
is spacious and comfortable for users to use. the
location of the lifts is placed at the center of the
building and will go from the bottom to the top of the
building. The destination control system will be placed
at the lobby for consumers to go through before
entering to their assigned elevator.

38

05

HEATING, VENTILATION AND
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

(SMART HVAC SYSTEM)

What Is Smart Heating,
Ventilation, Air Conditioning

(HVAC) System?

Smart HVAC systems are becoming increasingly
popular and will soon be the standard. They
improve your comfort and convenience while also
saving you money over time. Networked HVAC
components and other technologies, such as the
internet of things, are used in a smart HVAC
system. It's part of a building automation system's
natural progression. The purpose of a smart HVAC
system is to allow occupants to adjust the
temperature of their room or workspace on a very
fine level, including lighting, humidity, fan speed,
and other elements, in order to attain an optimal
degree of thermal comfort.

39

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

Smart HVAC, like other forms of smart building technology, relies on sensors
that are linked to your building automation system. These sensors gather
information about the conditions in your building. Here are a few of the
components:

SMART THERMOSTAT OCCUPANCY SENSORS

Thermal sensors strategically positioned Occupancy sensors identify the
around your room may detect variances presence of individuals currently using
in circumstances in each zone. A busy individual locations inside an office
conference room, for example, can which usually by sensing motion. This
quickly get warm, but an open office information may be utilised to change
environment with high ceilings might temperatures depending on actual
quickly become cool. That information is usage, saving you money on electricity.
used by a smart HVAC system to respond
to changing circumstances throughout the
day or week.

LIGHT SENSORS VARIABLE SPEED FAN

Modern structures are being Traditional HVAC fan motors only have
constructed to allow more natural light one speed setting: maximum blast.
in. However, the change in brightness Based on occupancy levels or current
from morning to evening, as well as conditions, variable speed motors may
from one portion of the building to modify fan speeds to appropriate
another, can cause havoc with the HVAC levels. Existing single-speed fans can
system's performance. As a result, also be adapted with variable
sensors that detect ambient light in an frequency drive kits.
area and adapt your smart HVAC and
lighting accordingly are necessary.

40

FUNCTIONS

HOW DOES SMART
HVAC SYSTEM WORKS?

Smart HVAC systems, for example,
might feature a thermostat that is linked
to a smartphone app. Even if they are at
the workplace, homeowners may
regulate the temperature using this app.
The app can also function in reverse,
transmitting data from the thermostat to
the app. This data might include real-
time data such as current interior
temperatures or anticipated
maintenance requirements.

There are also motion detectors put on the wall. If someone
is in the room, these detectors can transmit information to
the thermostat, prompting it to raise the temperature. There
are even devices that can be put in your house that can alter
the heating and cooling vents automatically, cutting off flow
in one area while increasing flow in another. A smart HVAC
system is basically any product or invention that employs
software and apps to make more effective use of a home's
furnace or air conditioner.

41

How to install a INSTALLATION
smart PROCESS

thermostat?

Make sure your Connect the
HVAC system is smart

compatible. thermostat to
the wire.

Turn off the Fix the smart
electricity to thermostat
your thermostat faceplate in
and look at the
place.
wiring.
Connect your
Set up the smart
smart
thermostat to
thermostat Wi-Fi and turn
bracket.
it on.

42

BENEFITS OF SMART HVAC
SYSTEM

lower electricity bills air quality improved

Resources can be conserved by carefully The air inside certain houses is more polluted
monitoring and managing the temperature than the air outside in some towns. To address
and humidity in the building, which is not this, owner will need to allow fresh air to
only excellent for your money account but circulate inside, which smart HVAC systems are
also for the environment. Owner will be able ideal for. They let clean air in, ensuring that
to make educated, strategic decisions your home is properly ventilated. Furthermore,
based on data received by the smart they eliminate moisture from the air to prevent
system, and owner will be able to manage mould and germs from forming. In other words,
not just the temperature but also the flow of they perform the same function as a
air. Over the course of a month or a year, dehumidifier, but considerably more effectively.
these minor modifications can add up to Digital thermostats are even used in certain
significant savings. smart HVAC systems to inform the fan when
there is dirty air in the house. The sensors pick
up the signal and send it to the fan, which
activates it and allows fresh air to flow inside.

Convenience

We may modify the temperature in the building long before we reach the building by
using connected devices to regulate the HVAC system. We will be able to adjust the
building to the exact temperature we want thanks to our mobile device, whether it's a
phone, tablet, or computer, enhancing our overall comfort while allowing for a better
degree of comfort. Not having to make manual changes or inspect the systems ourselves
adds to the convenience. For example, we can have a smart system that changes vents
automatically, eliminating the need to do it manually. We will not have to check the filter
or inspect the system since clever technology will take care of both.

43