IMR659 - Personal Paper (Munshi Abdullah)

COLLECTION OF PERSONAL PAPER
MUNSHI ABDULLAH BIN ABDUL KADIR
“FATHER OF MODERN MALAY LITERATURE”

PREPARED BY

NORHIDAYAH FATINY BINTI MOHAMMED
2016652586

AINAA SALIHAH BINTI ZAINUDIN
2016365113

FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
PUNCAK PERDANA

THIS PROJECT IS FULFILL THE ASSESSMENT FOR THE COURSE OF
MANAGEMENT OF MANUSCRIPTS AND PERSONAL PAPERS (IMR659)

FOR MARCH 2021 – JULY 2021

COLLECTION OF PERSONAL PAPER
MUNSHI ABDULLAH BIN ABDUL KADIR
“FATHER OF MODERN MALAY LITERATURE”

PREPARED BY
NORHIDAYAH FATINY BINTI MOHAMMED

2016652586
AINAA SALIHAH BINTI ZAINUDIN

2016365113

FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
PUNCAK PERDANA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah. All the praises and thanks to Allah, The Most Gracious and The Most
Merciful. First of all, we feel thankful to the Almighty for the blessing given for us to complete
this assignment.

Secondly, we thanks to Management of Manuscripts and Personal Papers (IMR659)
lecturer Madam Nik Azliza Binti Nik Ariffin who had helped us a lot in completing this
assignment regarding the Father of Modern Malay Literature, Munshi Abdullah. The
understanding, encouragement, and continuous support from her throughout the duration of
fulfilling this assignment are most appreciated.

Besides that, thank you to our family, friends, and other classmates, especially our
partner for supporting us to complete this assignment within the time given and also for their
understanding and endless love, through the duration of my studies. They helped us a lot in
completing the assignment, and without their help and advice, we could not able to do the
assignment well.

I

TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I
TABLE OF CONTENT II
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1–3
2.0 BACKGROUND OF PUBLIC FIGURE 4–7
3.0 CONTRIBUTION 8 – 10
4.0 SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS 11 – 13
5.0 ATTACHMENT 14
15 – 18
5.1 PICTURE 19 – 20
5.2 LETTER 21 – 30
5.3 MANUSCRIPT 31 – 45
5.4 NEWSPAPER CUTTING 46 – 61
5.5 ARTICLE JOURNAL 62 – 72
5.6 BOOK 73 – 78
5.7 WEBSITE 79 – 84
5.8 VIDEO 85 – 89
6.0 REFERENCES

II

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Personal documents and manuscripts exist from the sixteenth to the twenty-first
centuries, with the majority belonging from the twentieth century. Manuscripts are
primarily text or musical transcription on paper, but they may sometimes include
illustrations. Manuscripts are the most common classification for typewritten materials,
however typescripts are the more correct term. Traditionally, a manuscript was any
document or material that are written by hand or, once practical typewriters became
accessible, typewritten rather than mechanically printed or duplicated in some indirect
or automated fashion. The phrase has come to represent any written, typed, or word-
processed copy of an author, as opposed to a hard-copy of all the same. All texts and
books were manuscripts before the invention of printing.

A personal records known as which he or she developed and originally preserved.
Documents that are not connected to work yet are kept at a workplace by a government
public official. Personal papers are private or nonpublic documentary materials in any
medium which does not relate to or affect the conduct of Scientific operations. Personal
papers are a type of non-records in terms of Laboratory business.

Documents should indeed be properly label as nonofficial and stored separately
the official Laboratory data. Before entering the Laboratory service, Any papers were
developed in order to control any document that involve to personal paper. Private
materials were brought into the office, developed, or received that were not created or
received in the course of Laboratory business. Diaries, journals, personal
communication, and other personal notes that are not prepared or required for
Laboratory business are also considered personal paper. Materials relating purely to a
person's personal concerns, such as outside commercial activities, skilled, political
alliances, or social service activities.

The shortlist task uses a popular community tracking algorithm to identify paper
communities generated from a network of paper citations from reading list. The
manuscript and personal paper are an individually owned documentary materials which
is not used in the actions of industry and other sectors. Essentially concerned with an
individual's personal affairs or used solely for the convenience of that individual. It must
be clearly label as such and maintained separate from the rest of the organization's files.
Non-official paper refers to records that are purely personal in character and are made
and retained by an individual at work. While private paper is any document or material
that are involve with government confidential or other confidential paper.

2

Search opportunities, identify collaborations, get support, examine the literature,
collect research data, evaluate research data, distribute findings, and manage process
data are some of the procedures available to identify the personal paper. The digitization
process, however, has faced several obstacles as the volume of personal paper material
has grown, necessitating financial and labour help as well as a long period of time. For
manuscript and personal paper digitalization, advanced technology and artificial
intelligence always taken some time, yet the outcomes were often unsatisfactory due to
inevitable limits.

The personal paper giving an impact to the generation. The principles, rules and
values contained in the religion also as a guide in living life and then in facing challenges.
It also demonstrates how social value orientation and topic expertise play a significant
effect in transcription quality and addiction. In practise, variances in underlying
psychological and cognitive differences between individuals can aid project sponsors in
recruiting the best participants. It also demonstrated the significance of collaboration and
interaction in crowd sourcing projects in order to achieve the goals.

3

2.0 BACKGROUND OF
PUBLIC FIGURE

4

2.0 BACKGROUND OF PUBLIC FIGURE

Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, born in 1796 of mixed Arab and Tamil-Muslim
parentage. Known as Munshi Abdullah, he was a famous Malacca-born munshi (teacher
or educator) of Singapore and died in October 1854 at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He was
born in a high respected family, whereby his father was a translator and teacher of
colonial officials in the Malay Archipelago, mainly the British and the Dutch. Munshi
Abdullah was also a great-grandson of Syeikh Abdul Kadir, a teacher of Arabic language
and religious study particularly the Quran. Owing to his ethnic and religious background,
the Malays would refer to him as a Jawi Peranakan or Jawi Pekan. Munshi Abdullah has
been popularly known as the “Father of Modern Malay Literature” and have inspired
many scholars and educators in Malay literature.

Abdullah was born in Kampong Pali, a Tamil word resembles mosque. He was
born after all his four siblings were died in infancy. His mother was terribly sad with the
misfortune, and thus spent her time weeping and mourning over the deaths. Meanwhile,
a religious man from Haddad known as Habib Abdullah lived nearby his parent’s house
could hear her mourning every time. He advised the parents to cease from weeping and
grief as they will be granted a son. He told them to name him ‘Abdullah’ after his name.
Being the only child to have survived in the family, his mother was very particular and
showered him with great love. In his autobiography also, Munshi Abdullah has shown
an immense gratitude to his mother how her love and care will always be remembered
in his days that he could not recompense with anything in his life.

During his childhood, Abdullah suffered a severe attack of dysentery and he was
unable to read the Koran even at the age of seven. He could only trace out the written
Arabic characters with his pen while the other children chanted their verses. Furious with
Abdullah’s lack of progress, Sheikh Abdul Kadir sent his son to the Kampong Pali Koran
School near their home. He also closely monitored his son’s learning each night, and
ensured that his son did not neglect his Koran studies. To ensure that he learned to write
in Arabic, Abdullah’s father made him visit the mosque and write down the Arabic names
of all the people he saw there. His father also gave him nightly writing exercises, and
severely punished him for any mistakes until he was word-perfect. Finally, Sheikh Abdul
Kadir had Abdullah copy the entire Koran in Arabic and translate it into Malay.

By the age of 11, Abdullah was earning money writing Koranic texts. He also
taught religion to Muslim soldiers of the Indian garrison stationed at Malacca Fort. The
soldiers called him munshi, a Title: that stuck with him for the rest of his life and by which

5

he is still known. His father, however, insisted that he focus on his Malay studies, which
had just begun and were his first real chance at a secular education. Abdullah’s first big
opportunity to prove his worth to his parents came when his father was away from the
office. Abdullah wrote a bond for a ship’s captain in his father’s stead and earned a dollar
in the process.

As the captain was leaving with his document, Sheikh Abdul Kadir returned.
Pleased with Abdullah’s abilities, Sheikh Abdul Kadir allowed his son to understudy him
in his petition-writing business, and sent his son to study under the finest scholars in
Malacca. Abdullah zealously read all the Malay manuscripts he could lay his hands on,
giving his teachers no rest with his questions. He also went to great lengths to seek out
tutors who could expound to him the intricacies of Malay idioms. By the age of 14, he
was an accomplished Malay scholar.

In December 1810, Stamford Raffles arrived in Malacca and hired Abdullah as a
copyist for Malay manuscripts. Abdullah was then the youngest of several scribes and
copyists employed in Raffles’s office. In 1811, Raffles had proposed taking Abdullah
along to Java, but Abdullah’s mother refused to part with her only child. Raffles left for
Java, and they met again nine years later in Singapore, when Raffles appointed
Abdullah as his secretary and interpreter. Abdullah tutored Raffles in the Malay
language, and is thought to have taught Raffles many aspects of Malay society and
culture. Abdullah was very attached to Raffles. He described in his autobiography
Hikayat Abdullah how years later, learning of Raffles’s return to Europe, he felt as if he
were losing his own parent.

In 1815, Reverend William Milne, a missionary from the London Missionary
Society, arrived in Malacca and started a free Bible class for local children. Abdullah
attended the class to learn English. Milne soon discovered Abdullah’s proficiency in
Malay and made Abdullah his teacher. Other missionaries followed suit, and Abdullah
was kept busy teaching them Malay and translating the Gospels. One of these
missionaries was the German reverend, Claudius Henry Thomsen, who became
Abdullah’s lifelong friend. The two later worked together to translate parts of the Bible
into Malay, and operate a hand press producing other printed material, including
religious tracts. On 11 November 1818, Abdullah witnessed the laying of the foundation
stone for Anglo-Chinese College’s building in Malacca by William Farquhar, who was
then Malacca’s former Resident and later Resident of Singapore from 1819 to 1823.

Sometime after June 1819, Thomsen and Abdullah left Malacca together for
Singapore, where Abdullah worked for a time as secretary and interpreter for Raffles.

6

Following the departure of Raffles and Farquhar in 1823, Abdullah worked as a petition-
writer and interpreter, while also teaching Malay. Some leading merchants such as
Edward Boustead and the Armstrong Brothers learned Malay from Abdullah. In the late
1830s, Abdullah worked as a teacher at the Singapore Institution Free School. There,
he met Alfred North, a missionary from the American Board of Commissioners for
Foreign Missions (ABCFM), and Benjamin Peach Keasberry (Reverend), a former
businessman in Singapore and Java who became a missionary in Singapore. Abdullah
worked with Keasberry to print a large number of books, and also taught him Malay.
North encouraged Abdullah to write about his life story. Abdullah began writing Hikayat
Abdullah in 1840 and completed the first draft in May 1843.

Hikayat Abdullah bears historical inaccuracies, obscurities and solecisms. His
account of the first British landing at the mouth of the Singapore River, for example,
neglected to note Raffles’s presence, having been written based on second-hand
accounts. These inaccuracies notwithstanding, Abdullah is considered as the “Father of
Modern Malay Literature”, being the first local Malay to have his works published. Munshi
Abdullah Avenue in Singapore was named after him. Eleven days before his departure
to Mecca, Abdullah prepared a will dated 18 January 1854. Bearing the signatures of
three witnesses and his own, the will listed and divided his assets among his family of
six sons, a daughter, Salmah, and his wife, Hamidah. His eldest son, Hussein bin
Abdullah, was designated as the sole executor of his will. Abdullah’s will be part of the
collection of Malay manuscripts donated by Mr. John Koh to the Singapore History
Museum in 2000.

7

3.0 CONTRIBUTIONS

8

3.0 CONTRIBUTIONS

Abdullah was the first Malay writer to depart from the traditional Malay literary style
by writing in simple, colloquial Malay. Unlike other Malay writing at the time, he
eschewed fantasy and legend, and instead wrote realistic accounts of events based on
his own experiences and those of others. Munshi Abdullah’s contributions to the Malay
society can be found in many of his remarkable writings throughout his life such as
Hikayat Abdullah (an autobiography), Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah, Dawa’I
Kulub and so on so forth. Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah, for instance is well noted
for his everlasting advices to the Malay rulers of that time to remain responsible for their
subjects. He perceived his critics to the Malay rulers as timely and appropriate and
compared it with British system of governing, since it prompted a hindrance towards
social well-being of the Malays during that time.

Despite of being religious, he also wrote extensively on natural science mainly in
his Hikayat Binatang. Hikayat Binatang was the first book on natural science written in
Malay language and was widely used in schools. His writings particularly his Hikayat
Abdullah was noted for introducing Western education to the Malays and inspired them
to work for development and progress. He had also criticized the backwardness of the
Malays and their negative attitude for rejecting progress. Among his tremendous
endeavours was that in 1838, he had the chance to visit the east coast of Malay
Peninsula, which is Kelantan. While taking letters to Kelantan ruler, he recorded his
invaluable experience in his Kesah Pelayaran Abdullah (The Voyage of Abdullah).

Kesah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan describes Abdullah’s experiences when
he was on a trip in either 183728 or 183829 to a number of northern Malay states,
including Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis and Terengganu. Taken from Abdullah’s diary
documenting his pilgrimage to Mecca, Kesah Pelayaran Abdullah ke-Negeri Jeddah was
published posthumously. It describes the daily events of Abdullah’s voyage up to his
death in Jeddah in 1854. Abdullah’s writing was not without fault. He had also devoted
his life doing the editing works of the Sejarah Melayu. Later, (after his wife died) he
moved permanently to Singapore and having noted to help Keasbery in many of his
translation works including Malay hymn-book, Little Henry and His Nurse, Kejadian Isa
and the most controversy one Kitab Injil.

Munshi Abdullah was hailed by many as a modernist, whose style of writing
differed and was no more like old-hikayat. He was also known as the author who
identified events and wrote literature on the basis of a social and friendly approach the

9

behavior of the kings and the events in Malacca. The genre of his writing also was quite
close to the modern genres like short story ‘cerpen’ etc. He also maintained his
individuality in his writing that he did not subscribe to the cliché of the past rather he
made used of the events that took place in Malacca and the local people. This form of
writing can be identified as social criticism as noted by Ahmad Kamal Abdullah that Tun
Sri Lanang was the first writer who put forward social criticism, and was later followed
by Munshi Abdullah in his Hikayat Abdullah and Kesah Pelayaran Abdullah.

Hikayat Abdullah, Abdullah’s autobiographical work, was written between 1840
and 1843, and first printed in Jawi script in 1849. It also provides an account of military
preparations for a British invasion of Java in 1811. The autobiography gives a valuable
account of the various figures who contributed to the development of early Singapore,
and is an important Source: for the social history of Singapore in the 19th century. In
1874, John Turnbull Thomson, a student of Abdullah, translated and published part of
Hikayat Abdullah in London. This version, however, contains notable inaccuracies due
to Thomson’s misunderstanding of some of Abdullah’s language. Another translated
version, by Methodist missionary and Malay literature scholar William Shellabear, is also
regarded as being out-of-Date.

Abdullah’s style of Jawi writings was a bit different from the other scholars of his
time and this marked the new transitional period of new Jawi of late 19th century to the
early 20th century in the history by a group of learned Malays who were exposed to the
impact of Europe. He also insists that on the other hand, for those who were trained
under the traditional religious literature, the old spelling system of Jawi was extensively
applied in their usage until the advent of early 20th century.

He was also very influential in knowing what he writes and also very creative to
write what he witnessed from the local people especially things that were peculiar to
him. Therefore, it was like reading a commentary on particular subjects with special
reference on the moral values of his stories. Thus, he does not subscribe himself
towards something ambiguous and unknown rather he writes on true stories and facts.
He was also noted with the style of his writing of being colloquial in nature. He has also
departed from the traditional way of writing, inserting his critical view particularly on some
traditions that he deemed as imprudent primarily those that impede the Malays from
creative thinking and progress.

10

4.0 SOCIAL IMPLICATION

11

4.0 SOCIAL IMPLICATION

Munshi Abdullah as we all know is the author of Malay literature, rather than Malay
powerful and authoritative. When a person copies external cultural aspects for rational
reasons, this is referred to as rational copying. Unreasonable copying, and from the
other hand, occurs when an individual is affected by external historical contexts and
accepts that culture without questioning whether or not it is required. When the Hikayat
Abdullah was examined, it was discovered that there were certainly components of
praise and emulating Western actions that were thought desirable.

In fact, Munshi Abdullah used rational copying to study the printing technology that
had been introduced into Malaya from Western. Munshi Abdullah was a more sensible
duplicate since he was aware of the advantages he and his community could enjoy if he
could master the technology. In comparison to handwritten books, literary works could
be printed and distributed more widely as a result of this technology.

In Hikayat Abdullah, some elements of cultural values are hidden. Among them is
believing in the greatness of the shaman. A shaman or known as a bomoh or shaman
is often the person referred to when something happens related to the supernatural or
superstition. The definition of a shaman is also very similar to the definition in the Fourth
edition of the Kamus Dewan which is a person who has the ability to do something that
is usually by using supernatural powers or the second meaning is a person who is good
at healing the sick and others by using incantations and shamans.

There is some advice on Munshi Abdullah for writers and would -be authors that
can be picked up and put into practice. He was born in Melaka, matured intellectually
and matured his thinking there before migrating to other places. Most of the advice
Munshi Abdullah was evident in the Hikayat Abdullah, who describes his moments in
Malacca by learning and practice reading, learn multiple languages, while making a
name for yourself as a letter writer. A person who aspires to be an author or is already
a writer, he must continue to read. It is only through reading alone that one’s authorship
will be built and immediately cultivate one’s skills. In his story, he reveals a prerequisite
as an author and also organized a Malay literary art it contains a special identity, is none
other than interest. He explained didacticism in the works of French History, including
essays Abdullah itself.

According to Abdullah story or reading traditional texts seemed to have its own
magic. Reading such works provides a solid foundation for a writer because there is a
hidden power; which, again the benefits are emphasized. Mysteriously the benefits of
that reading will only come down flowing in our writings when the composing process

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begins. In other words, reading and composing are intertwined. In the other hand, the
problem of vocabulary that is often found in a work is an indication of how diligent or lazy
an author is. Even just by reading old works, we will understand how to write or how to
use appropriate and suitable words.

In his advice as well, Abdullah endorses the fictional values of a work of fiction. He
saw it as a lie that he said should not be believed. This has to do with the term benefits
that he mentions many times. An essay or tale that, in today’s context of a short story or
novel, of course emerges from a fabricated one. it also shows that there is much hidden
section of the lies that have a hidden interest. Abdullah also described the value of love
in Singaporeans towards their leaders. Regardless of race, Singaporeans have great
respect for Mr. Raffles for his high courtesy values. Through his story, Abdullah
describes how sad it was for the people of Singapore as well as the author himself to
part and let Mr Raffles go back to Europe.

This story also tells the way of eating or eating customs among the Hindu
community. The way of eating among the Hindu community is narrated with various
types of ways of eating that have become a cultural value or custom of life of the
community. In Hikayat Abdullah, several views of life are applied, which is namely
religion is made the way of life of the community. The principles, rules and values
contained in the religion are used as a guide in living life and then in facing challenges.
Islam makes the most important tenet narrated in the Hikayat Abdullah. In addition, it
also describes the outlook on life on the importance of seeking knowledge that was
highly valued at that time. The education worked on in Hikayat Abdullah is related to
religious and scientific matters, especially Islamic elements.

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5.0 ATTACHMENT

14

5.1 PICTURE

NO. TITLE: PAGES
16
5.1.1 A Picture of Munshi Abdullah 17
18
5.1.2 A Picture of Munshi Abdullah Statue in Singapore
5.1.3 A Picture of Munshi Abdullah’s House in Malacca

15

5.1.1 A Picture of Munshi Abdullah

Title: A Picture of Munshi Abdullah
URL: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/four-more-statues-join-
sir-stamford-raffles-statue-along-singapore-river
Source: The Straits Times Web Page

16

5.1.2 A Picture of Munshi Abdullah Statue in Singapore

Title: A Picture of Munshi Abdullah Statue in Singapore
URL: https://remembersingapore.org/2019/03/17/singapore-
bicentennial-2019-arrivals-contributions/
Source: Remember Singapore Web Page

17

5.1.3 A Picture of Munshi Abdullah’s House in Malacca

Title: A Picture of Munshi Abdullah’s House in Malacca
URL: https://www.emily2u.com/munshi-abdullah-house-kg-ketek-
melaka/
Source: From Emily to You Web Page

18

5.2 LETTER PAGES
20
NO. TITLE:
5.2.1 Last Will and Testament of Munshi Abdullah

19

5.2.1 Last Will and Testament of Munshi Abdullah

Title: Last Will and Testament of Munshi Abdullah
Creator: Munshi Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir
Date: 18 January 1854
Accession No.: 2000-05663
Source: National Museum of Singapore

20

5.3 MANUSCRIPT

NO. TITLE: PAGES
22
5.3.1 Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir, Munshi 23

5.3.2 Pu-layar-an Abdullah Ben Abdulkadir, Munshi, Deri 24
Singapura Ka-Kalantan 25
26
5.3.3 Hikayat Abdullah b. Abd. Kadir Monshi
5.3.4 D’Abd-Allah Ben Abd-El-Kader De Singapore A Kalantan 27
28
5.3.5 Pu-layar-an Abdullah Ben Abdulkadir, Munshi, Deri 29
Singapura Ka-Kalantan 30

5.3.6 Hikayat Abdullah (Original Manuscript)

5.3.7 Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir, Munshi (Malay Translation)

5.3.8 The Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir (English Translation)

5.3.9 Munshi Abdullah (English Translation)

21

5.3.1 Manuscript: Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir, Munshi

Title: Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir, Munshi
Author: Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir
Year Published: 1960
Publisher: Malaya Publishing House Limited, Singapore
Call Number: MN 928.9923 ABD
Source: National Library of Malaysia (Digital Collection)

22

5.3.2 Manuscript: Pu-layar-an Abdullah Ben Abdulkadir, Munshi, Deri Singapura Ka-
Kalantan

Title: Pu-layar-an Abdullah Ben Abdulkadir, Munshi, Deri Singapura
Ka-Kalantan
Author: Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir
Year Published: 1838
Publisher: Press of Am. Mis., Singapore
Call Number: NM 915.95104 ABD
Source: National Library of Malaysia (Digital Collection)

23

5.3.3 Manuscript: Hikayat Abdullah b. Abd. Kadir Monshi

Title: Hikayat Abdullah b. Abd. Kadir Monshi
Author: Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir
Year Published: 1880
Call Number: MR 959.503 ABD
Source: National Library Board Singapore (Digital Collection)

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5.3.4 Manuscript: D’Abd-Allah Ben Abd-El-Kader De Singapore A Kalantan

Title: D’Abd-Allah Ben Abd-El-Kader De Singapore A Kalantan
Author: Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir
Year Published: 1850
Publisher: Arthus Bertrand, Paris
Call Number: RBS 959.505 ABD
URL: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/b67d788e-d72f-
4193-8dc3-6ba04a4b1d33.aspx
Source: National Library Board Singapore (Digital Collection)

25

5.3.5 Manuscript: Pu-layar-an Abdullah Ben Abdulkadir, Munshi, Deri Singapura Ka-
Kalantan

Title: Pu-layar-an Abdullah Ben Abdulkadir, Munshi, Deri Singapura
Ka-Kalantan
Author: Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir
Year Published: 1838
Publisher: Press of Am. Mis, Singapore
Call Number: KP 915.95043 ABD
Source: National Library of Malaysia (Digital Collection)

26

5.3.6 Manuscript: Hikayat Abdullah (Original Manuscript)

Title: Hikayat Abdullah (Original Manuscript)
Author: Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir
Year Published: 1892
Publisher: Jambatan Gunung Agung, Jakarta
Call Number: ABD 928.9923 MN
URL: http://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/handle/1/272
Source: Repository Digital@PNM (MyRepository)

27

5.3.7 Manuscript: Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir, Munshi (Malay Translation)

Title: Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir, Munshi (Malay Translation)
Author: Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir
Year Published: 1932
Publisher: Malaya Publishing House Limited, Singapore
Source: National Library Board Singapore (Digital Collection)

28

5.3.8 Manuscript: The Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir (English Translation)

Title: The Hikayat Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir (English Translation)
Translator: A.H. Hill
Year Published: 1970
Publisher: Oxford University Press, London
Call Number: M 959.51030924 ABD
Source: National Library of Malaysia (Digital Collection)

29

5.3.9 Manuscript: Munshi Abdullah (English Translation)

Title: Munshi Abdullah (English Translation)
Translator: W. G. Shellabear
Year Published: 1918
Publisher: Methodist Publishing House, Singapore
Accession No.: LP9-010F
Source: The University of British Columbia Library (Digital Collection)

30

5.4 NEWSPAPER CUTTING

NO. TITLE: PAGES
32
5.4.1 Perkenal Konsep Munshi 33
34
5.4.2 Penjajahan Kuasa Eropah Pengaruhi Sastera Melayu 35

5.4.3 Hayati Peribadi Munshi 36
37
5.4.4 Dua Buku Baru Bentang Kajian 25 Tahun Tentang Munshi 38
Abdullah 39
40
5.4.5 New Hing Road Sekarang Jalan Munshi Abdullah
41
5.4.6 Munshi Abdullah Bahan Kajian Pensyarah NUS
42
5.4.7 Makam Abdullah? Munshi Badan Sejarah Melaka Ragu2 43
5.4.8 Tugu Munshi Abdullah – Shor Tokoh Indonesia 44
45
5.4.9 Munshi Abdullah: Kesanggupan Abdullah Sa-Harus-Nya
Mendorong Sasterawan2 Kita

5.4.10 Munshi Ibrahim (Anak Munshi Abdullah) Mengikut Jejak
Ayah-nya

5.4.11 Jalan Munshi Abdullah dgn bersempena Bulan Bahasa

5.4.12 Tokoh Sastera yang Ulong di-samping Munshi Abdullah
5.4.13 Malay Blood From The Mother’s Side – Munshi Abdullah

5.4.14 Salah-kah Abdullah selar bangsa-nya?

31

5.4.1 News: Perkenal Konsep Munshi

Title: Perkenal Konsep Munshi
Issue Date: 10 November 2012
Copyright: NSTP
Source: Berita Harian

32

5.4.2 News: Penjajahan Kuasa Eropah Pengaruhi Sastera Melayu

Title: Penjajahan Kuasa Eropah Pengaruhi Sastera Melayu
Issue Date: 12 November 2014
Newspaper: The New Straits Times Press Bhd
URL: http://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/handle/123456789/2983
Source: Repositori Digital@PNM (MyRepositori)

33

5.4.3 News: Hayati Peribadi Munshi

Title: Hayati Peribadi Munshi
Issue Date: 24 January 2021
Appear in Berita Harian © Singapore Press Holdings Limited
Source: National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University
(NIE NTU), Singapore

34

5.4.4 News: Dua Buku Baru Bentang Kajian 25 Tahun Tentang Munshi Abdullah

Title: Dua Buku Baru Bentang Kajian 25 Tahun Tentang Munshi
Abdullah
Issue Date: 01 March 2021
Newspaper: Berita Harian © Singapore Press Holdings Limited
Source: National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University
(NIE NTU), Singapore

35

5.4.5 News: New Hing Road Sekarang Jalan Munshi Abdullah

Title: New Hing Road Sekarang Jalan Munshi Abdullah
Issue Date: 16 Mac 1962
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL8146
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

36

5.4.6 News: Munshi Abdullah Bahan Kajian Pensyarah NUS

Title: Munshi Abdullah bahan kajian pensyarah NUS
Issue Date: 9 May 1986
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL15459
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

37

5.4.7 News: Makam Abdullah? Munshi Badan Sejarah Melaka Ragu2

Title: Makam Abdullah? Munshi Badan sejarah Melaka ragu-ragu
Issue Date: 19 October 1970
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL6606
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

38

5.4.8 News: Tugu Munshi Abdullah – Shor Tokoh Indonesia

Title: Tugu Munshi Abdullah – Shor Tokoh Indonesia
Issue Date: 14 October 1970
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL6606
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

39

5.4.9 News: Munshi Abdullah: Kesanggupan Abdullah Sa-Harus-Nya Mendorong
Sasterawan2 Kita

Title: Munshi Abdullah: Kesanggupan Abdullah Sa-Harus-Nya
Mendorong Sasterawan2 Kita
Issue Date: 17 June 1961
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL2824
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

40

5.4.10 News: Munshi Ibrahim (Anak Munshi Abdullah) Mengikut Jejak Ayah-nya

Title: Munshi Ibrahim (Anak Munshi Abdullah) Mengikut Jejak Ayah-
nya
Issue Date: 8 October 1961
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL2826
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

41

5.4.11 News: Jalan Munshi Abdullah dgn bersempena Bulan Bahasa

Title: Jalan Munshi Abdullah dgn bersempena Bulan Bahasa
Issue Date: 17 March 1962
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL8146
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

42

5.4.12 News: Tokoh Sastera yang Ulong di-samping Munshi Abdullah

Title: Tokoh Sastera yang Ulong di-samping Munshi Abdullah
Issue Date: 11 January 1961
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL4318
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

43

5.4.13 News: Malay Blood from The Mother’s Side – Munshi Abdullah

Title: Malay Blood From The Mother’s Side – Munshi Abdullah
Issue Date: 26 August 1939
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL01785
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

44

5.4.14 News: Salah-kah Abdullah selar bangsa-nya?

Title: Salah-kah Abdullah selar bangsa-nya?
Issue Date: 10 June 1961
Newspaper: Berita Harian
Reel Number NL2824
Source: National Library Board, Singapore (Digitised Newspaper)

45

5.5 ARTICLES

NO. TITLE: PAGES
47
5.5.1 Occidentalism in the Malay World: The West Through the Eyes
of Abdullah Munshi 48

5.5.2 Transitional Malay Literature: Part 1 Ahmad Rijaluddin and 49
5.5.3 Munshi Abdullah 50

The Date: of Munshi Abdullah’s First Visit to Singapore 51
52
5.5.4 An Indian Protagonist of the Malay Language: Abdullah 53
“Munshi”, His Race and His Mother-Tongue 54

5.5.5 Munshi Abdullah’s Arab Teachers 55
56
5.5.6 A Missionary Source: for a Biography of Munshi Abdullah 57
5.5.7 The “Lost” Manuscript of The Hikayat Abdullah ‘Munshi’
5.5.8 ‘A Malay Poem on New Year’s Day (1848)’: Munshi Abdullah’s 58
Lyric Carnival 59

5.5.9 Aspects of Abdullah ‘Munshi’ 60

5.5.10 Munshi ‘Abdullah’s Account of the Malacca Fort 61

5.5.11 Abdullah Munshi as the Captured Character in His Own
Autobiography

5.5.12 The Contribution of Abdullah Munsyi in Malay Literary Works

5.5.13 Abdullah the Priest and His Advice Based on the Al-Quran and
Hadith

5.5.14 The Malays: A Retrospective Examination on Identity Through
Selected Writings by Munshi Abdullah, Za’ba, Syed Hussein
Alatas and Mahathir Mohamad

5.5.15 The Printing of Munshi Abdullah’s Edition of the Sejarah Melayu
in Singapore

46