Armenian fascism (Gafar Chahmagli)

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 51

Tsegakronism/ Tsekhakronism is the
Armenian doctrine of fascism

«I read, saw, kissed, bowed to the divine imprints
on the Earth in my Armenian lineage - I became
Tsekhakron.»

This idea belongs to Garegin Nzhdeh, a man who
fought against the Turks all his life both on the battlefield
and on the ideological front. He «spent» his whole life to
attack to the Turks and Turkism. He created a movement
called Tsegakronism and a doctrine that Armenians should
continue throughout history. Is it going on? We can say
unequivocally that yes! Today, Nzhdeh and his teachings
are the main source of the armenian ideology’s struggle
against Turkism and other different communities. Who is
this person? Where does all this hatred come from? Garegin
Nzhdeh was born in 1866 in the Iravan province and died
in a prison in Vladimir, Russia in 1955. Why do armenians
consider this man a national hero, a national ideologue?
Maybe because of Tsekhakron?

Tsekhakron is a combination of two armenian words
- «ցեղ» (race) and «կրոն» (religion). This movement,
initiated by Garegin Nzhdeh (Garegin Terkharutyunyan),
was called Tsekhakron and its ideological doctrine was
called Tsekhakronutyun (tsekhakronism). The Republic of
Armenia determines its state policy based on this doctrine.
The Republican Party of Armenia, led by President Serzh
Sargsyan, considers Nzhdeh its national and ideological
leader. He is also considered as one of the most famous
historical figures of the Armenians.

52 / Armenian Fascism

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 53

Armenia defines its state policy on the basis of the
Tsekhakron doctrine. The Armenian community believed
that such a training was needed to sustain the policy of
Armenian national chauvinism in the first decades of the
century and to bring it to the places where all armenians
live. The main goal here was to create a movement against
Turkey by re-mobilizing the Armenian nation, the Armenian
diaspora, which was in danger of moving away from its
roots and especially the youth, within the framework of the
Tsekhakron ideology. Garegin Nzhdeh first tried to capture
the Turks on the battlefield. The number of bloodshed shed
by this man who is not inferior to Andranik in cruelty, is
innumerable. When did Nzhdeh who could not achieve what
he wanted (in fact, the Armenians got what he wanted in
excess) to start creating this doctrine? Returning from Tabriz
in 1922 and settling in Sofia, Nzhdeh began publishing
his first anti-Turkish writings from that date. For example,
the Heroic Resistance of Lernhayasta (Nagorno-Armenia)
(Bucharest, 1923), the pages of my diary (Cairo, 1924),
the struggle of children against their fathers (Thessaloniki,
1927) and so on. in his books he defined the outlines of
this teaching. During this period and in subsequent years,
Nzhdeh took an active part in various magazines and
newspapers published by the Dashnaks, such as Hayastan
(Plovdiv), Araks (Sofia), and Azatamart (Paris). The sole
target of all his writings are the Turks and Turkey; The sole
purpose was to create a genetic hatred against the Turks
and Turkey in the Armenians scattered abroad. He then
traveled from Bulgaria to the United States to spread the
doctrine. Through this «theory», the Armenians brought the
racist Tsekhakron closer to fascism.

54 / Armenian Fascism

New National Socialist Doctrine
Tsekhakron was a National Socialist doctrine and the
behaviors of all Armenians against the Turks and Turkey
were based on Garegin Nijden’s thoughts.
Armenian researcher Sumbat Hovhannesyan in his
article “Tsekhakronutyun and Fascism”
(“Սմբատ Հովհաննիսյան Ց Ե Ղ Ա Կ Ր Ո Ն ՈՒ
Թ Յ ՈՒ Ն ԵՎ Ֆ Ա Շ Ի Զ Մ (Ի ր ա կ ա ն ու թ յ ու
ն և կ ե ղ ծ ի ք)11
he argues that this doctrine is more racist in comparison
with fascism.

11.Uմբատ Հովհաննիսյան Ց Ե Ղ Ա Կ Ր Ո Ն ՈՒ Թ Յ ՈՒ Ն Ե
Վ Ֆ Ա Շ Ի Զ Մ (Ի ր ա կ ա ն ու թ յ ու ն և կ ե ղ ծ ի ք)

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 55

There are many views that estimate this doctrine as a
racism. Outside of Armenia, no comment has been made
on this issue, and unfortunately, the approaches to this
issue so far have been at the level of a primitive approach,
and it has not been made clear that this doctrine is at the
root of Armenian racism. Nzhdeh’s sympathy for fascism
is a known fact. He had close relations with Nazi Germany
and formed an army to fight against the Soviet government.
In our comments on this and other issues, it is clear that
Nzhdeh’s teaching is racist and anti-human. We need to get
to know Nzhdeh first.

Garegin Nzhdeh was born in Nakhchivan of Yerevan
province on January 20, 1866. In 1902 he graduated
at the Faculty of Law of the University of St. Petersburg
and in 1904 completed his education left and joined the
Armenian nationalists.

He then moved to Iran, where he studied at a military
school organized by the Dashnaks, and then graduated
from the officer’s school in Sofia. After graduating from
school, he joined one of the armenian armed groups led by
Murad Sebastatsi. At the same time, he became a member
of Garegin’s Dashnaktsutyun and received the nickname
Nzhdeh. He left for Russia (Caucasus) in 1909 to buy
weapons. Nzhdeh was arrested here. However, he was
released in 1912 and returned to Bulgaria. He was sent to
Zangazur by the Dashnak government in September 1919,
whose task was to clean these areas from Azerbaijanis.

He took part in the battles against the Ottoman Empire
in the Balkan War, leading a group of 272 Armenian
volunteers. Garegin Nzhdeh who came to the embassy of
the Russian Empire in Sofia at the beginning of the First
World War, offered his services. Drastamat Kanaya (Dro)

56 / Armenian Fascism

was appointed as a deputy commander of the Armenian
volunteer group. In May 1915 he was awarded the Order
of St. Vladimir of the 3rd degree, the Order of St. Anna of
the 4th degree, and in July of the same year the Cross of
St. George of the 2nd and 3rd degrees. Nzhdeh, who heads
one of the Dashnak groups fighting against Turkey, is also
involved in army building in the Republic of Armenia.

Armed groups led by Nzhdeh were engaged in the
massacre of Azerbaijanis living here, villages inhabited
by Azerbaijanis were burned under the direct leadership
and instructions of Nzhdeh, the population was killed
and expelled from their homes. Nzhdeh also commited
massacres against the Azerbaijani population in Vedibasar
and Goycha districts. Nzhdeh’s troops took part in the
battles with the army of the Azerbaijan Democratic
Republic in 1920. The most intense battles took place in
March 1920. After the occupation of Azerbaijan by Soviet
Russia, Nzhdeh also fought against the military units of the
Soviet army. In September 1920, units of the Soviet army
captured Gafa and Nzhdeh, as well as his troops retreated
to Megri and took up positions there. In the winter of
1920, Nzhdeh, along with other Armenian groups in
Zangazur, was able to oust the Red Army. On December
25, 1920, Nzhdeh and his comrades-in-arms announced
the establishment of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in
Zangazur. The uprising against the communists in Armenia
in February 1921 forced the Red Army to send its main
forces to Yerevan. During all this time, armed Armenian
gangs are committing massacres of the Azerbaijani
population living in Karabakh and Nakhchivan. Nzhdeh
founded the Tsekhakron movement in the United States. In
1937 he left the ranks of Dashnaktsutyun. He established
contacts with Nazi Germany, met with Rosenberg, called

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 57

on them to attack Turkey and offered his help for them.

Garegin Nzhdeh declared himself as the supreme
commander-in-chief of the toy Republic which established
by himself. However, the Soviet troops, who attacked in the
first days of July, crushed the Armenian groups and Nzhdeh
with their own groups fled to Iran with the remains. After
fleeing the Caucasus to Iran, Nzhdeh came to Bulgaria and
became a citizen of this country. However, he moved to the
United States in the summer of 1933, where he intended
to help Tandergyan assassinate the Turkish ambassador,
Mukhtar Bey. Nzhdeh founded the Tsekhakron movement
in the United States (an organization with a strong
nationalist, de facto fascist ideology). In 1937 he left the
ranks of Dashnaktsutyun. He established contacts with Nazi
Germany, met with Rosenberg, called on them to attack
Turkey and offered his help. In 1942, together with General
Dro (Draztamat Kanayan), he took part in the formation of
armenian military units under the Wehrmacht.

58 / Armenian Fascism

On December 15, 1942, Nzhdeh became one of
the seven members of the Armenian National Council
established by the Germans and deputy editor of the Azad
Armenia newspaper. Armenian military units led by Dro
and Nzhdeh took part in the occupation of the Crimean
peninsula and the battles in the Caucasus. The German
leadership was going to use the Armenian population in
the Caucasus and Turkey to create chaos in these countries,
but the failures on the front forced them to abandon their
plans. In his letter, he claimed that he was cooperating
with the Nazis only to believe that they would declare war
on Turkey in order to justify himself. He stated that it was
necessary for the Soviet Union to declare war on Turkey
and promised to render all possible assistance to the USSR
army in this matter. However, the Soviet military arrested
him and sent him to Moscow. After spending for some
time in the prison of the Ministry of State Security, Nzhdeh
was sent to Yerevan. During the trial, Garegin Nzhdeh was
convicted of anti-Soviet activities and organizing massacres
and sentenced to 25 years in prison. Nzhdeh died in prison
in the city of Vladimir on December 21, 1955.

The book «Garegin Nzhdeh’s Teachings», published
in Armenia in 2004 by the current Republican Party, is a
table book for every Armenian12. (“Garegin Nzhdeh and
his teachings”, publisher Republican Party of Armenia,
Yerevan-2004). Today, poor Armenia’s highest-budget ($
7 million) post-independence film is about «national hero»
Garegin Nzhdeh (released in 2013)13. In addition to being
the military leader of the first Armenian Republic (1918-
1920), Nzhdeh created an ideology in the 1930s called the

12. “Garegin Nzhdeh and his teachings”, Published by the Republican Party
of Armenia, Yerevan-2004
13. “Garegin Nzhdeh” feature film. Youtube 2013

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 59

Tsekhakron (a racist combination of nationalist, Christian
and pagan mysticism) and it is a matter of interest to see
the person as a film hero who took an active part in the
formation of Hitler’s Armenian Legion to liberate Armenia
from Stalin’s Soviet Union. These facts are not absolutely
shown in the film at all and his «heroism» is being vindicated
by the country’s nationalist historians and politicians of the
country.

60 / Armenian Fascism

Tsekhacronism – fascism instilling
hatred for the Turks

«Our trouble is not that there are Turks in the
world, but there are Turk-loving Armenians.» Are
there really Turks among Armenians? It is really challenging
to identify this. There are many people who think like
Orhan Pamuk in Turkey. A writer named Akram Aylisli
appeared as an Armenian fan. But if there is only one
person in Armenia who adore the Turks, he cannot live
in this country - it is possible to take refuge in the fact that
if there are no Turks in this country, then the doctrine on
which the people are based is fascism. Because Nzhdeh’s
ideology does not make it possible for Turks to live in this
country today. Nzhdeh published the book Movement of the
Soul Spirit in Bulgaria in 1932 and later in the magazine
Khrofk with the article «Tsekhakronutyun is a victorious
force», which laid the foundations of Armenian national
socialism and was to be the 12th Dashnak Congress in
Paris in 1933.

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 61

The anti-Turkish documents, statements and
instructions of the Armenian diaspora presented to the
Congress by the Nzhdeh contained three main principles:

1. Ability to bring to a state on protecting
Armenia by expanding the functional activity of
Armenians abroad

2. Strengthen the non-party activities of the
Armenian youth.

3. To push all forces to a front against Turkey.

Nzhdeh was sent to the United States by the party in
order to implement these theses in 1933. Nzhdeh had
already been given two tasks and in a short time he had to
establish the Tsekhakron movement in the United States.
He was also given another assignment. Together with the
Armenian terrorist Copernicus Tandirchyan, he had to
assassinate the Turkish ambassador to the United States,
Mukhtar Bey.

The doctrine of tsekhakron is constructed as follows:
“I know my generation (tsekh), I trust my offspring,
my clan is closer to God, it is a higher race, I carry
Tsekharakon in my body”. In this respect, Tsekhakron
is similar to fascism. Interestingly, in the same years, the
ideas of fascism in Italy and national socialism in Germany
began to spread to the masses. In other words, if Armenia
remained an independent state at that time, we would be
talking about an armenian fascist system. In fact, today’s
armenian state does not want to comply with the criteria
dictated by the XXI century. The fascist approach to many
issues can still be clearly seen. If the state is still guided by
Nzhdeh’s well-known teachings, it means that it has not
yet moved away from national socialism. The Armenian

62 / Armenian Fascism

Republican Party’s book, “Garegin Nzhdeh and His
Teachings” (Yerevan-2004)14 published in armenian and
russian languages, states that at the outbreak of World War
II, Nzhdeh knew that anti-Armenian sentiment was growing
in European countries and the Germans thought that the
Armenians would help Germany’s enemies.

If Armenia remained as an independent state at that
time, we would talk about an armenian fascist system.
Fearing that the armenians would suffer the same fate as
the Jews, Nzhdeh moved in contact with the Germans and
prevented the expulsion of the Armenians from Bulgaria
and Romania. Romanian Prime Minister Antonescu
ordered the expulsion of Armenians from their homes.
Nzhdeh went to Berlin in 1942 and took the materials with
him which proving that the Armenians would be loyal to
the Germans. These materials later led to his arrest and 25
years in prison. He also met Dro in Berlin. Dro was also one
of the Armenian leaders in the side of Germans. Look what
this ideologue did after his arrest. Taking advantage of the
Soviet government’s unfavorable attitude towards Turkey,
in 1947 he proposed the creation of a «military-political
organization of armenians living abroad» and proposed the
annexation of the eastern provinces of Turkey to the USSR
(Soviet Armenia). But it was not accepted. The Soviet
government did not cooperate with this criminal. In his
book “Garegin Nzhdeh and the KGB”, Ustyan notes that
Nzhdeh’s intentions did not coincide with Soviet goals15.

14. “Garegin Nzhdeh and His Teachings” (Yerevan-2004)
15. Aydın İbrahimov - Article on “The Teaching of Tseghakron or Who Do We
Sit Around the Table with?”

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 63

«Tsekhakron Ukhter»
According to Nzhdeh’s Tsekhakron’s teaching,
each Armenian, throughout his life had to attempt
to free “West Armenia” (Eastern Anatolia) from the
Turks. His organization, Tsekhakron Ukhter (1933), would
also attempt to implement this idea. This would be the
essence of the Armenian youth organization Tsekhakron
Ukhter. The charter and program of the organization
were also prepared. The motto of Tsekhakron Ukhter
was: «Armenia to the Armenians». This motto was later
implemented and turned Armenia into a monoethnic state.
When we say Armenia, we do not mean only present-
day Armenia. The six Eastern Anatolian provinces of

64 / Armenian Fascism

Turkey, known as «Western Armenia,» were also included.
Saying, «I have read, seen, kissed and worshiped the divine
imprints on the Earth in my own lineage - and I have
becomeTsekhakron», Nzhdeh claimed that the armenians
are of the divine lineage and claimed that «the lineage was
the first, like God.» The armenian lineage, like God,
is a witness of centuries, he was forever an armenian,
a partner of God». Therefore, the lineage was a synthesis
of the Spirit and the Blood, a psychological storehouse and
at the same time a biological structure, giving a distinctive
character to the human ethnos.

According to his opinion, Tsekhakronutyun is an eternal
being in the hands of the tribe to maintain these efforts.
It contains inspiring and perpetuating the Armenian
existence and living as an Armenian. Belief in this doctrine
must inculcate armenian self-awareness. Crowners should
do it.

Tsekhakron recognizes the Holy Generation and
declares: «He does not deserve to be an armenian, for
whom there are things on our planet that are more
important than the word «armenian». Or, «Before to
be an Armenian, you must be an Armenian!» Accord-
ing to Nzhdeh, the armenian people must continue to live
with the following Cults (Turkish-idol). These are:

Homeland cult, Blood cult, Language cult, the
cult of sacrificing one’s life for the sake of homeland,
the cult of the Elders, the cult of power, the cult of
the leader.

The principles that do not never change for Armenians
are:

Homeland cult: Respect for the place of birth of the

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 65

armenian lineage. The Armenian youth should make every
effort to expand the territory of Armenia and it is the best
happiness for them.

Blood cult: Tsekhakronatyun considers the purity of
blood as the basic law and does not accept marriages with
other nations.

Language cult: Tsekhakronutyun recommends that
every Armenian use only the Armenian language when
talking to each other. He who does not speak Armenian
cannot be accepted as a representative of the tribe. In other
words, Armenian thought is largely dependent on language,
and if there is no language, it will not be possible to ensure
the disintegrated Armenian unity abroad. (Nzhdeh did not
consider Armenians living under Bolshevik oppression, did
not accept them and pinned all his hopes on the diaspora).

The cult of sacrificing one’s life: It is an honor to
die on this path to protect one’s lineage, and «we must fight
like a lion».

The cult of the elders: Tsekhakronutyun considers
the failure of intergenerational relations to be the biggest
shortage. In particular, the continuation of activities on
the Motherland should be a source of food for the new
generation.

Power cult: Tsekhakronutyun gives a special place to
power. According to Nzhdeh, the strong will be the winner,
not the right; the world bows in front of the might.

Leader cult: At the head of each clan should be a leader
who determines the fate of the people. Tsekhakronutyun
demands that the members of the tribe obey the will of the
leader. He wroted: «One day, armenians will forgive
the Turks but not kneeling in front of him, forcing

66 / Armenian Fascism

him to kneel». All these points are the same as the
«new order» fascist doctrine.

Nzhdeh’s Philosophy of Armenianism

According to Nzhdeh, Armenianism is above all.
«You are first Armenian, then human! Armenianism
is above everything.» According to this doctrine,
Tsekhakronutyun puts the interests of Armenians above the
interests of any other people. For example, the home page
of the first charter of the Tsekhakron movement begins with
the slogan: «Lausanne? No, it can never be accepted.
And the idea goes like this: The motherland of one
nation cannot be the permanent homeland of another
nation». In fact, it should be attributed to the Armenians
themselves. The current state called «Armenia» was
established in the historical homeland of Azerbaijani Turks.
If we approach the issue with this logic, it does not belong
to the Armenians, by the same logic they cannot stay here
permanently. Tsekhakronutyun not only demands that the
Armenians must be ready to fight for the land; this doctrine
goes further and demands ruthless revenge on the Turks.
Nzhdeh writes: The enmity between us is not a history, but
a biological one and we must destroy these people by any
means. Nzhdeh himself does not deny that this is no longer
fascism. Commenting on these points of the doctrine, he
says: «The Italians have Fascism, the Germans have
Nazism and the Jews have Zionism... The Armenians
have Tsekhakron... « When we formulated these ideas in
1919, Mussolini newly was rediscovering his ideas. Hitler
had no imagination on the expansion of the territories. In
Nazi philosophy the homeland border has no meaning.

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 67

And we want to tell our people about its Motherland
- «Haykakan Lernashkharhi» - the Armenian Mountainous
Region (Eastern Anatolia, Cilicia and a large part of the
Caucasus).

We want to bring them back ... Hitler saw the Jews
as a scourge for humanity and therefore aimed to destroy
them. The enemies of our tribe are the Turks, armenians
were wiped off the face of the earth and seized most of the
lands of our country, and etc. After getting acquainted with
some aspects of Nzhdeh’s racist teachings, the source of
the Armenians’ territorial claims it is known where it came
from.

Therefore, this person is promoted as a very valuable
person for the Armenian people. Today, armenia’s largest
post-independence budget ($ 7 million) film «national
hero Garegin” was a film about Nzhdeh. As the military
leader of the first Armenian republic (1918-1920), Nzhdeh
created an ideology in the 1930s called the Tsegakron
(a racist combination of nationalist, Christian and pagan
mysticism) and took an active part in setting up Hitler’s
Armenian Legion to liberate Armenia from Stalin’s Soviet
Union. These facts are not shown in the film at all, and his
«sacrifice» is cleared by nationalist historians and politicians
of the country. Armenian artists have allowed their elites
to exploit art to glorify a person associated with an openly
racist group. The acceptance and glorification of Nzhdeh
and his nonsensical «ideology» by the ruling Republican Party
is proof of the current state of the Armenian community.
After getting acquainted with some aspects of Nzhdeh’s
racist teachings, it becomes clear where the source of the
Armenians’ territorial claims came from.

- The Armenian racist memory is based on an unfounded

68 / Armenian Fascism

fear - as if the confession of atrocities against Azerbaijanis is
a sword of Domokl, which in any way shakes the historical
truth and moral abomination of the «Armenian genocide» in
Ottoman Turkey in 1915 . This sword is in the hands of the
imaginary Nzhdeh today. Armenians will still watch this film
a lot and will always consider his opinion as a guide: «Our
problem is not that there are Turks in the world, but that
there are Turk-loving Armenians.» Are there really Turks
among Armenians? It is very difficult to say. Even if he
sympathizes with the Turks in this country, he cannot live
here for a long time. Because Nzhdeh’s ideology does not
make it possible. This person’s criminal past is insignificant
for the Armenian community.

Here is the dialogue of the prominent Armenian
writer Vahe Avetyan:

- Are you a Nazi?

- Of course. I was born in Armenia, I grew up
there, I was brought up by Armenians. How could it
be otherwise?

That is why I recognize the Nazis and the fascist
immediately....

Armenian-fascist relations

The ideological basis for cooperation between the
Nazis and the Armenians, especially the Dashnaks, was
laid in the 1930s. Dr. Alfred Rosenberg, then Minister
of the Occupied Regions of Germany, was the head of
the Institute of Oriental Studies in 1926-1936. Artashes
instructed Abegyan to set up a committee to study the
anthropology and history of the Armenians. Of course,

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 69

the Armenians appreciated this opportunity. It was
immediately reported that they were of the same race as
the Germans. Five months after the committee was formed
in 1934, Rosenberg submitted a report to Hitler stating
that Armenians were of the same race as the Germans.
Rosenberg proposed the establishment of «Greater Finland»,
«Baltic», «Ukraine» and «Caucasus» commissariats in the
occupied territories. He wanted to achieve the unity of the
Georgian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Circassian, Abkhazian,
Chechen and other peoples in order to create a lasting,
strong central government in the Caucasus. It was not
important whether there were national structures, the main
thing was that there would be a representative who would
implement the rules applied by the Germans16. All this was
included in Rosenberg’s Green Folder, however, Hitler
wanted it to be used as a temporary measure in 1941, and
then the Germans would have other plans for these areas.

16. Leont’ev A. Goering’s green folder. M., 1942, p. 27.6 Rosenberg A. Mem-
oirs. Kharkiv, 2005 or http://www.kavkazweb.su/forum/

70 / Armenian Fascism

On July 16, 1941, Hitler held a conference in his
office and decided to establish four Commissariats in the
occupied territories of the USSR. Rosenberg established
the Greater Baltic or Ostland, Ukraine, Russia, and the
Caucasus Commissariat, and 144 officers and 171 foreign
ministry staff were sent to work there. Military units had
to be formed from local peoples so that they could not
influence the political process. Journalist A. Shikedats has
been appointed Commissioner for the Caucasus. Gorzman
was assigned to the police.

It was planned to establish five housing commissions
in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kuban, Terek and mountainous
regions. The plan was to propagate to all peoples and
tribes the idea that the Germans had saved the Caucasians
from the sufferings of tsarism and Bolshevism, and that the
people of the Caucasus could be given unlimited freedom.
The Caucasian education system, textbooks would be
changed, collective farms would be abolished, religious
tolerance would be demonstrated, and Rosenberg’s main
task would be to establish military organizations. Each
national legion would have permanent special signs and
symbols, and a military unit of at least a thousand men
would be formed. Britain and France had their own interests
and goals in the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran also had clear
interests, and the Germans would take them into account.
Although Hitler did not trust them, the Armenian leaders
tried to convince Rosenberg that they would carry out all
the plans of the Führer. Nzhdeh then proposed the creation
of a large army against Turkey, but the Germans tightened
their control to prevent the Armenian legion from entering
other processes. There were people among the Armenians
who spied on the Germans.

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 71

After the agreement between Germany and the USSR,
in 1939-1940, Britain and France planned a war against
the USSR, which would go to the Black Sea and the
Caucasus. They also relied on the uprising of Caucasian
Muslims. But the situation has changed. The USSR
strengthened the defense of Moscow, the Caucasus and
Grozny17. Meanwhile, fascist Armenian youth organizations
were established. Fighting groups consisting of members
of the Armenian nationalist organization Tsekhakron were
established in Bulgaria and Romania. Tsekhakron called on
all Armenians in the world to cooperate with the Nazis for
World War II. It is true that many historians describe this
organization as Hitlerjugendi by Armenians. In this case,
there was no other non-German organization close to the
Germans. On December 15, 1942, General Drastamat
Kanayan (Dro), who fought against Turkey during and after
the First World War and supported the Muslim population,
established the Armenian National Committee. The
purpose of the committee was to represent Armenians in
Europe attached to the German government.

Call of Armenians to support fascism

During World War II, “Tseghakron” called on all
Armenians in the world to cooperate with the Nazis.

Established in Germany, the Armenian National
Council became the center of anti-Soviet and pro-German
propaganda of Armenians during World War II. In late April
1943, the Armenian military group gained independent
status. In February 1944, by Rosenberg’s order, the
United Armenian Headquarters was set up. Kuro (Nikolay

17. http://coollib.net/b/197062,՝ “Material from Wikipedia: A. Rosenberg’s
brown folder”; Nuremberg trial. M., 1954, vol. 2, s. 208:

72 / Armenian Fascism

Tarkhanyan), an assistant of Dro, was the commander of
the group and the chief of staff was Tigran Baghdasaryan.
The AG-114 spy group also consisted of members of the
army of the former Dashnak Armenia (1918-1920).

(“Hayastan” newspaper was set up in Germany
to call on Armenians to side with Hitler and serve
Hitler, and its entire editorial staff were Armenians.
Funding was provided by Germany, under the direct
control of the Minister of Propaganda and Promotion
of the Third Reich, Joseph Goebbels. The photo is
from the 126th edition of the newspaper and the
front page features a photo of Adolf Hitler.)

One of the important services of the Dashnaks to the

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 73

Nazis was the propaganda in the Soviet rear and in the
occupied territories. One of these groups was headed by
Nikolai Gevorkyan (Dr. Sikorsky, Gevorkov), the son of the
famous Dashnak leader Seton Celalyan, an SS officer. In the
occupied territories, they carried out intelligence activities by
placing agents among the Armenian population. According
to the Germans, Armenians as a nation were good at
intelligence. Throughout the Caucasus, the Germans used
their information. The Armenians had a great role in the
discovery of the Jews and their extradition to the Germans.
Armenians also helped the Nazis to test their captives
and prove that they were Jewish. A Jewish prisoner who
introduced himself as an Armenian and thus wanted to
escape death was given a book or Bible in Armenian to
learn his true nationality and declare that he was Jewish.

A new type of Armenian organization called the
Dromedars (they were also called fedoines) wore German
uniforms. Their weapons were mixed. (German and Soviet-
made) Everyone in the group, from the general to the
soldier, had to carry a coat of arms with the inscription
«Armenien» in three colors of the Dashnak Republic on the
right arm of their military uniform. Earlier, the figure of
Ararat (Mountain of Pain) or the state symbol of Dashnak
Armenia was used in the coats of arms of the Dashnak
legionaries. They built special schools for Armenians. In
these schools, children were propagandized for a «Greater
Armenia» to be established under the auspices of the Third
Reich. Members of the Armenian organization EMK were
very active in the German-occupied Crimea. The activities
of the Armenian Committee were also supported by the
German leadership of Crimea. They opened cafes and
restaurants where only Armenians, Germans and families of
volunteers could go, and built hospitals only for Armenians.

74 / Armenian Fascism

The committee, on the other hand, also collected aid
from the Armenian population for the needs of the Nazi-
German armies and the Armenian volunteer units. There
were no problems in this area, because the Armenian
population also supported the Germans.

This showed that the Armenians did not change their
attitude to be with anyone who was strong. The authors
do not mistake in writing that it is the nature of this
nation to immediately organize and defend the devil. In
Crimea, the Dashnak-led EMK published magazines called
«Azat Hayastan - Ազատ Հայաստան» (Free Armenia) and
«Hay azq- Հայ ազգ» (Armenian Nation), urging the male
population of the peninsula to fight alongside German
armies.

In Berlin, some leaders of the Armenian Revolutionary
Federation-Dashnaktsutyun established the «Armenian
National Council» under the chairmanship of Abeghyan.

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 75

The members of the council were Artashes Gulkhandanyan
(deputy chairman), Harutyun Baghdasaryan (secretary),
Garegin Nzhdeh, Drastamat Kanayan (Dro), Vahan
Papazyan (Koms) and others. The council operated under
the auspices of Nazi Germany’s Ministry of the Occupied
Eastern Regions of the USSR, whose main purpose was to
secure German power in the Caucasus. In order to realize it,
the organization of an Armenian legion within the German
army was conditional. Nzhdeh and Dro also considered the
inclusion of Armenian captives in this legion.

They viewed the concentration camps, rescued
Armenian soldiers and officers and included them in this
Armenian legion. In general, they failed to find 8,000-
9,000 soldiers to form a 10,000-strong Armenian legion.
Interestingly, Hitler’s right-hand man, Herman Goering, in
the upper echelons of the Reich, instructed fascist generals
in his Green Folder to act accordingly. This meant that Hitler
himself was informed about everything. Hitler said: «The
enmity between the natives of the Caucasus (Georgians,
Armenians, Tatars, etc.) and the Russians must be used to
our advantage.»18

Hitler himself was aware of the fact that Armenians
were unreliable and treacherous. He expressed his dis-
approval about Armenians’ hypocrisy. In his speech on
the establishment of national legions in December 1942,
Hitler said: «I do not know how the Georgians shall behave
themselves. They do not belong to the Turkic peoples. I
believe only in Muslims. I think that the only thing is that
the organization of Caucasian battalions is extremely
dangerous. I do not see any threat in the creation of Muslim
battalions despite the assurances of Rosenberg and other

18. Հայոցպատմություն: Հնագույնժամանակներիցմինչևմերօրերը:
Երևան 2012 թ.:

76 / Armenian Fascism

servicemen, I do not trust the Armenians»19.

Even Hitler himself was aware of the fact that Arme-
nians were unreliable and treacherous and despite the tol-
erance of the Ottoman state, he expressed his disapproval
about Armenians’ deserting their side to join the enemy
during World War I. He was well informed about these is-
sues thanks to the generals who served as allies in the Ot-
toman state. Despite Hitler’s distrust, an Armenian legion
was formed within the German army.

Hitler’s plan for Turkey, Azerbaijan and
the Armenians

Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Third Reich, had
a secret enmity towards Turkey along with the USSR
plan. That is why the Nazis worked very closely with
the Armenians20.

Armenian writers and researchers brought Hitler’s
plans into the spotlight. They also consider the cooperation
between Hitler and the Armenians to be normal. Eduard
Abramyan’s book «Caucasians in Abwehre»21 (Эдуард
Абрамян, `Кавказцы в Абвере`) deals these plans in detail.
His book contains these facts.

Alfred Rosenberg, the political coordinator of Hitler’s
Germany, writes: «The goal of German policy is to
gain political and military power in the Caucasus, as
well as in its southern neighbors22. (Эдуард Абрамян,
`Кавказцы в Абвере`).

19. Հայոցպատմություն: Հնագույնժամանակներիցմինչևմերօրերը:
Երևան 2012 թ.:
20. Azvizyon.az 24.05.2016
21. Eduard Abrahamyan, `Caucasians in Abwehr`, p.45
22. Eduard Abrahamyan, `Caucasians in Abwehr`, p.43

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 77

Turkey was within the borders of Alfred Rosenberg’s
map of occupation.

78 / Armenian Fascism

Being aware of the Turkish hatred of the Armenians,
the Nazis skillfully tried to take advantage of the fact. For this
reason, the Reich’s officials sent an obvious appeal to the
Armenians: «Provide us with an accurate information about
the opportunities to take action together. And then let us
know what you want.»23

According to the Armenian writer Abramyan, the
Armenian issue, as always, played a role in the implementation
of Hitler’s foreign policy in Germany. Therefore, the Third
Reich pursued a completely different and special policy
towards the Armenians. Certainly, at that time, Armenian
immigrants inside Germany would be used against both the
USSR and Turkey.

Abramyan writes that the Germans, who knew the
hatred of the Armenians against the Turks, constantly told the
Armenian legionnaires, Abwehris and Armenian SS members,
«Your main mission is to liberate your country from
the Turks and the USSR. It is a great honor for you.»
According to archival and intelligence documents, Berlin told
Armenian and Georgian officials that after the proclamation
of the republic, it was important for Armenians and Georgians
to wage a holy war on Turkey, which had oppressed them for
years. In this case, the Armenians and Georgians would be
supported by Greek military units from Europe, Wehrmacht
(armed forces of Nazi Germany) and SS units, including the
Italian and Bulgarian armies. According to the agreement of
that time, Armenia and Georgia had to give 100,000 troops
to Germany to attack Turkey. All these issues are reflected in
detail in the Armenian-Dashnak-German deal, ie the Gertrude
Plan. Armenia was promised to obtain Eastern Anatolia and
Cilicia, Georgia was promised Trabzon, and Italy, Bulgaria
and Greece were promised Izmir.

23. Eduard Abrahamyan, `Caucasians in Abwehr`, p.45

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 79

«Gertrud plan»
(«Greater Armenia» plan of Nazis)

Although the Gertrude Plan was launched in 1942, it
was relegated to the background due to losses on the front.
It should be noted that the name of the «Gertrude plan» was
changed from time to time.

At the beginning of World War II, Germany tried to
pit Turkey against the USSR under the ideology of pan-
Turkism. However, after 1942, the political line of the Third
Reich changed. Alfred Rosenberg and the government of
the Third Reich began to implement the Caucasus plan
against both the USSR and Turkey. They were actively
supported by the Armenians. Undoubtedly, the Dashnaks
would provide the greatest support to the Germans in
this matter. The Nazi Dashnak units against Turkey were
formed in mid-1943 under the leadership of Garegin
Nzhdeh, a Dashnak volunteer leader who fought in World
War I. According to Alfred Rosenberg’s strategic plan, the
«Armenian General Commissariat» under the auspices of
Germany was to be established.

80 / Armenian Fascism

Nazi plans for Karabakh and Nakhchivan
Hitler’s Germany pledged Karabakh, Nakhchivan and a
part of Akhalkalaki to Armenians in return for the Dashnak
loyalty and great services. In addition, in order to revolt
the Armenians in the Karabakh region against the USSR,
Germany deployed irregular Armenian military groups and
a cluster of specially trained militants to the area24.
In the Caucasus plan, which Abeghyan also
participated in, Rosenberg singled out Nakhchivan and
Karabakh, meaning that these territories would not belong
to Azerbaijan in the event of occupation. The Germans
knew Nzhdeh well. According to German intelligence, the
man, who had committed countless crimes in Nakhchivan
and Zangazur, fled to Bulgaria after 1920, fearing that
his crimes in Zangazur would be exposed. He visited the
United States, traveled to European countries, created an
Armenian fascist doctrine called Tseghakron, and formed

24. Eduard Abrahamyan, `Caucasians in Abwehr`, p.45

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 81

a group of revengers to mobilize Armenian youth against
Turkey.

Nzhdeh has always been proud of the fact that Sunic
(present-day Zangazur), an ancient Turkic land settled by
the Turks since the 8th century BC, was occupied and
annexed to Armenia. Zangazur is still under Armenian
occupation nowadays. Wherever Nzhdeh passed, he left
a trail of blood. On November 15, 1913, a group led
by Nzhdeh attacked the Turkish village of Mahramli in
Bulgaria, killed brutally hundreds of innocent people, and
received military orders from Bulgaria and Greece for this
«bravery». Lev Trotsky wrote in a letter to the Bulgarian
Social Democrats: “I heard of comrade Nzhdeh’s deeds,
and perhaps he could be proud of him. In any case, he
did not fight against the imperialists badly. However, the
comrades say that after the battle comrade Nzhdeh ordered
not to kill two Turkish youths and took them to his peasant
hut. According to the information I received, comrade
Nzhdeh demanded that the Turkish youth «love» him
that evening, dressed in women’s clothes and was
«raped» until the morning, and shot the Turks at
dawn. This is disgrace. I think the necessary results
will be drawn.”

When Nzhdeh set up the extremist nationalist
organization “Tseghakron”, the famous dashnak Manuchar
Sukiasyan said: “Look at what day the Armenian
people left. Nzhdeh, a half woman who was raped
by two or three men twice or three times a week and
enjoyed the most immoral acts, now teaches us a
lesson of courage and boldness.»

82 / Armenian Fascism

to Sukarelawan Armenia Dalam Tubuh Nazi Jerman

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 83

Salah seorang sukarelawan Armenia yang paling ter-
kenal, Razmik Nazarjan.Dia berada di Prancis tahun 1944
ketika sebagian anggota batalyonnya (II/9) ditransfer untuk
membentuk sebuah kompi SS. Dia kemudian bertugas di
Waffenverband SS “Armenien”.Tak lama setelah ditangkap
oleh NKVD Soviet, dia mengaku bahwa dia adalah seorang
SS-Obergruppenführer.Ini adalah suatu kebohongan, kare-
na pangkat terakhirnya sebenarnya adalah Hauptmann dari
formasi Kavaleri ke-2 di Waffenverband SS “Armenien”
(komandannya sendiri, yaitu Vardan Sarkissian, pangkatnya
hanya Oberst!).Kenapa Nazarjan berbohong?Ini masuk akal
ketika kita tahu bahwa biasanya Rusia mengeksekusi setiap
anggota SS tanpa berlama-lama setelah ditangkap.Untuk
anggota Wehrmacht sendiri, prosesnya lebih “manusiawi”,
dimana mereka umumnya dikirim ke gulag Siberia atau
Asia Tengah. Bagi Rusia, musuh nomor 1 adalah warganya
yang ketahuan berkhianat dengan mendukung Jerman (ter-
utama bangsa-bangsa Kaukasus). Kalau Nazarjan mengaku
bahwa dia adalah seorang sukarelawan ex-Soviet, maka
bisa dipastikan hidupnya akan berakhir tak lama kemudian!

84 / Armenian Fascism

Para sukarelawan Armenia dari Armenische Legion
(Legiun Armenia) tiba di selatan Prancis untuk memperkuat
pertahanan pantai di wilayah Mediterania.Tidak kurang dari
33.000 orang Armenia yang pernah merasakan mengab-
di di batalyon-batalyon lapangan Wehrmacht, sementara
7.000 lainnya bertugas di unit-unit non-tempur serta lo-
gistik. Kebanyakan dari mereka adalah eks Tentara Merah
yang menjadi tawanan Jerman dari sejak tahun 1941 dan
diberi pilihan untuk bertempur membela Hitler atau dipak-
sa membusuk di kamp-kamp tawanan yang mempunyai
kondisi menyedihkan. Sebagian kecilnya dengan senang
hati bergabung secara sukarela dengan Jerman mewakili
kaum nasionalis yang menentang aneksasi Armenia oleh
Uni Soviet.Otoritas militer Jerman kemudian mendapa-
ti bahwa orang-orang Armenia ini mempunyai semangat
tempur yang rendah karena dilatih secara seadanya dan
tanpa motivasi. Mereka cenderung untuk membangkang
perintah atasannya, melakukan desersi, atau bahkan mem-
bantu musuh! Setelah Jerman menyerah kalah, para pra-
jurit anggota Legiun Armenia direpatriasi ke Uni Soviet
dimana sebagian besar dari mereka didakwa atas tuduhan
pengkhianatan dan dieksekusi atau dikirim ke gulag. Foto
ini sendiri diambil oleh Erwin Schultz di dekat Toulon, Var
(Prancis), bulan Februari 1944

Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Third Reich, had a
surreptitious hostility towards Turkey along with the
USSR plan. Hence the Nazis cooperated very closely
with the Armenians.

Alfred Rosenberg, the political coordinator and politici-
an of Hitler’s Germany, writes: “The target of German po-
licy is to gain political and military power in the Caucasus,
as well as in its southern neighbors (Eduard Abrahamyan,

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 85

`Caucasians in Abwehr`, p.43).

Turkey was among the borders of Alfred Rosenberg’s
map of occupation. Knowing the Turkish animosity of the
Armenians, the Nazis skillfully tried to take advantage of
this. That is why Reich officials are sending an open appeal
to the Armenians: “Give us accurate information about the
opportunities you have for us to act together. And then let
us know what you want” (Eduard Abrahamyan, `Caucasi-
ans in Abwehr`, p.45).

According to the Armenian writer Abramyan, the Ar-
menian issue, as always, played a role in the implemen-
tation of Hitler’s foreign policy in Germany. That is why
the Third Reich pursued a completely different and special
policy towards the Armenians. Of course, at that time, Ar-
menian immigrants inside Germany would be used against
both the USSR and Turkey.

86 / Armenian Fascism

(Photo: Photo taken in Germany to invite all Armenians
to fight against the USSR: Armenian soldier in military
uniform (source: Bundesarchiv)

III Reich and Armenians
Along with Nzhdeh and others, it was Dro (Drastamat
Kanayan), an Armenian leader who worked closely with
the Nazis. Committed severe crimes in the territories of
Azerbaijan, the murderer went unpunished and lived in

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 87

USA. Drastamat Kanayan was born on May 1, 1883 in
Surmali uyezd (now Surmeli village of Tuzluca district of
Igdir province) of Yerevan province and studied in Yerevan.
He had started a revolutionary movement against the
tsarist government. He was a member of the Armenian
Revolutionary Federation - Dashnaktsutyun. Amidst World
War I, he commanded the Armenian Volunteer Regiments
within the Russian Imperial Army. He was appointed head
of the Military Commissariat of «Western Armenian Lead-
ership» by the Democratic Republic of Armenia founded in
April in 1918. He fought against the Ottoman Army on
the fronts of Kars and Erzurum. In the same year he was
brought to the Armenian Ministry of Defense.

He led the Armenian army in the Armenian-Azer-
baijani war of March 1920 and in the Armenian-Turkish
war of October 28 - November 7, 1920. On November
8, 1920, he was defeated by the Parliament army under

88 / Armenian Fascism

the command of Kazim Garabakir and handed over the
city of Gyumri to the Turks. He later joined the Armenian
delegation to the Treaty of Gyumri, adopted on November
30, 1920. He fled to Iran on 1 December 1920 after the
occupation of Armenia by the Bolsheviks. He later settled
in Germany. During World War II, he headed the 812nd
Armenian Battalion of the German Army (Wehrmacht). He
served on the Crimean and North Caucasus fronts. Althou-
gh he was declared a war criminal after the war, he succe-
ded to flee to the United States. This Armenian gangster,
who had followed the rise of Nazism with interest during
his long exile in Germany, worked hard to introduce him-
self to Adolf Hitler when the National Socialist Party came
to power. Although Hitler did not have a tendency to trust
people of foreign races, he gave full authority to this Arme-
nian fascist and allowed him to form the “812nd Armenian
Battalion” affiliated with the SS when he saw his rich list
of massacres. The task of this battalion, which consisted
mainly of Armenians and would be called the “Armenian
Legion” in the following years, was to hunt Jews and Gyp-
sies in Germany, later to fight the Russians on the Eastern
Front, and later to take part in the war against the Turks.
This mission of Hitler was Canayan’s military task.

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 89

Drawing attention to his ability in the field of torture
and massacre during the First World War, Dro soon
impressed the Nazis and became known among the SS
as a «Jewish hunter.» After the completion of the ethnic
cleansing operation in Germany, Hitler, along with his Dro’s
battalion, used it as a «loyal tongs» to maintain order in the
occupied territories of Crimea and the North Caucasus.

It is thought-provoking that despite a brutal worldwide
operation against the warring Nazis and, the arrest and
prosecution of many of them by US, Israeli and Soviet
agents, Dro was released and managed to enter USA as
a “migrant” He settled in Massachusetts, taking him as a
loot that would meet all his needs throughout his life. The
only warning given to him by the FBI was «shut up and talk
less.» He died in Boston in 1956. His grave was brought to
Armenia from the United States in 2000.

90 / Armenian Fascism

Who are the another loyal Armenian servants
of Adolf Hitler
Here they are:
Artashes Abegyan originally hailed from Nakhchivan.
In 1941, he met with Alfred Rosenberg several times and
offered to support the Armenians against the Soviets.

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 91

In 1942, he headed the Armenian National Commit-
tee, and concurrently worked as an editor of the newspa-
per “Ayastan” under the command of Joseph Goebbels. In
1943, he gave special lessons on anti-Soviet activities in a
death camp in Poland.

Vachag Artashesovich Abegyan is one of the Ar-
menians who emigrated to Germany. He worked as a
translator in the Office of the Occupied Eastern Regions.
He visited the concentration camps one by one, gathering
members for the Dashnaksutyun party and instructed them
to work for the Germans. He was a member of the Arme-
nian National Committee.

Hakop Petrovich Aziryan was an official member of

92 / Armenian Fascism

AG-114 Dromedar organization. During the war, he was
active in the investigation of Soviet soldiers along with Dro,
the Armenian general, who collaborated with the Nazis.
At the same time, he played a special role in deciphering
spies, as well as in training spies against the USSR.

Vahan Tetevosovich Hayrapetyan is a member
of the Dashnak party, a German spy and a propagandist
of Nazism. He worked as a policeman in a Jewish death
camp. He taught lessons at the Propaganda School of the
Ministry of the Occupied Eastern Regions in Berlin.

Hayk Asatryan - cooperated closely with the Ger-
mans. He gave political lessons to the Armenian military
units against Turkey under Nzhdeh. (In 1944, the Minis-
ter of Propaganda of the Third Reich, Joseph Goebbels,
personally met with Armenian officials due to the services
rendered by the Armenian Legion.)

Tigran Baghdasaryan was an official spy for Ger-
man intelligence. During the war, he worked in AG-114
organization of General Dro’s group. He was a member of
the Armenian National Committee and the director of the
“Ayastan” newspaper of Joseph Goebbels.

Suren Bekzadyan – He is the son of the Dashnak
Armenian ambassador to Azerbaijan (Baku). He engaged
in propagandist affairs on Armenians in the occupied terri-
tories of the USSR within the “Osank” organization under
the auspices of Alfred Rosenberg.

Nikolai Hambariumovich Gevorkyan - worked in
the intelligence agency of AG-114 “Dromedar”. Under the
guise of helping Armenian captives, he surreptitiously for-
med Armenian spies against the Soviets. He was especially
active in propaganda and agitation.

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 93

Alexander Khatisyan – He was the leader of Dash-
nak Armenia. He often attended Nazi rallies to gather Ar-
menian volunteers.

Aram Konstantinovich Mirimanyan was an AG-
114 spy and also worked as an editor at the “Ayastan”
newspaper. He was one of General Dro’s key men. In
1945, he campaigned against the USSR in the concent-
ration camps and called on the prisoners not to return to
the Soviet Union. Those who did not want to return were
provided with passports.

Alfred Muradyan was a spy for the German special
services “Zeppelin”. He achieved a military rank in the Ger-
man army. In 1937, he became a member of the German
National Socialist Party. He had been an official represen-
tative of the Armenian National Committee in the German
Armed Forces Staff since 1942. He often visited the Jewish
death camp in Auschwitz. He did a great deal of jobs in
formation of armenian volunteers. He could win Joseph
Goebbels’s sympathy.

94 / Armenian Fascism

Alexei Sargsyan affiliated the “Tseghakron”, known
as the “Hitlerugend” of the Armenians in 1938, and the
Dashnaksutyun party in 1942. In 1941, he joined the
propaganda unions againts Turkish and Soviet. He gained
the sympathy of the Germans in the fierce fighting in
Northern Ossetia, and received the rank of division captain
in 1943.

Vartan Mikhaylovich Sargsyan - was captured by the
Turks in 1918, but was released on the orders of American
General Harbor, who visited Turkey to investigate the
Armenian issue. He volunteered for the Dashnak army in
1919. During World War II, he volunteered for the Germans
and rose to the rank of general until the end of the war. At
the end of the war he was captured and shot by the Soviets.

Misak Hakopovich Torlakyan worked at an oil
refinery owned by General Dro. was an official member
of AG-114 “Dromedar”. He arrived in Crimea with Dro
in 1942 and headed the Dashnak bureau in Crimea. He
delivered secret files on Turkey’s Caucasus strategy to Alfred
Rosenberg. He went to the Balkans with the German army
in 1944. After the war, he and Dro acted together against
USSR in the American occupation territory in Germany25.

25. http://azvizyon.az/

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 95

ARMENIAN FASCISM IN ARCHIVE
DOCUMENTS

(COURT: Testimony of Armenians)

Inquiries of Dashnak leaders convicted in the
USSR after being captured by the Soviet intelligence
organization “Smersh” after World War II also
revealed the level of Nazi-Armenian cooperation. 6
volumes (about 1500 pages) on Nzhdeh’s file under
the code “Zubr” were kept in the archives of the
KGB of the Armenian SSR, but their whereabouts
are currently unknown. Probably, the Armenians
obliterated it. Only Nzhdeh’s investigation consisted
of 4 volumes. It is said that it is in the archives of the
National Security Service of the Republic of Armenia.
Intelligence officer Vache Ovsepyan, who involved in
Nzhdeh’s investigation, published some documents
from the 6-volume file26. (Ваче ОВСЕПЯН ГАРЕГИН
НЖДЕ И КГБ ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ РАÇВЕДЧИКА
Ереван – 2007)

Ovsepyan used this 4-volume investigative file
in his book. In a survey dated October 12, 1944,
Nzhdeh also described his meeting with German spy
Drumm.

Drumma asked how they could help Germany and
offered to open a school for Armenians in Berlin, and
for its graduates to serve the Germans. 30 Armenians
were brought to Berlin from Bulgaria and, according
to Vache Hovsepyan, these people were sent to Soviet

26. VACHE OVSEPYAN GAREGIN NZHDEH AND KGB REMEMBER-
ING INTELLIGENCER Yerevan - 2007 (in Russian: Ваче ОВСЕПЯН
ГАРЕГИН НЖДЕ И КГБ ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ РАЗВЕДЧИКА Ереван –
2007)

96 / Armenian Fascism

Armenia. These men passed intelligence materials to
the Germans and worked for Nazi Germany.

The following text is an excerpt from Garegin
Nzhdeh’s indictment, compiled by Major Melkumyan,
an employee of the Ministry of State Security of the
Armenian SSR. This document practically does not
mention the crimes committed by Nzhdeh against
Azerbaijanis, but it is useful to get acquainted with
the document. It shows how cruel and fascist-minded
Nzhdeh was.

THE INDICTMENT ON NZHDEH

“... While living in Bulgaria, Ter-Harutyunyan, as the
head of the Dashnaktsutyun, was involved in anti-Soviet
activities. In 1941, he became associated with German
intelligence, and at the behest of the Germans, he set up an
agency among nationalists in the Balkans. As a member of
the «Armenian National Council» created by the Germans in
Berlin, Nzhdeh, ie Ter-Harutyunyan, was engaged in anti-
Soviet activities among Armenians living abroad. According
to this information and a number of other documents, Garegin
Nzhdeh Ter-Harutyunyan was arrested and investigated
on November 2, 1944. The investigation established
that the accused Ter-Harutyunyan was a member of the
Dashnaktsutyun party from 1908 to 1937, and was sent to
Zangazur by the Dashnak government to set up nationalist
military units in 1918. As commander of the Dashnak
government’s armed forces in Zangazur, and as prime

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 97

minister since 1921, he conducted military operations against
the Soviet army. By his order, a number of communists and
members of the Red Army were arrested and shot. Hundreds
of Communists, members of the Red Army, revolutionary
workers and peasants were also thrown down from the
Tatev rock and killed. (Volume II, pages NN 251-253, 257-
259, 263-266, 355-359, 360, 364-369) In 1933, defendant
Ter-Harutyunyan went to the United States, where he
founded the Dashnak youth organization “Tseghakron”. The
organization is essentially a fascist organization by promoting
racism. Accused G. Ter-Harutyunyan, as an uncompromising
enemy of the Soviet Union, in 1941, contacted Wagner Otto,
nicknamed «Dr. Delius», the head of the German intelligence
and counterintelligence agencies in the Balkans, through his
close acquaintance Burev Semyon Ivanovich. He visited the
cities of Bucharest, Varna, Plovdiv, Sliven, and Schumen,
where he was engaged in selecting people for use against
the USSR and presenting them to the Germans. ( Volume
I, pages NN 22-29, 31-33, 37-44, 45-48, 66, 68-88, 93,
157, 208-302, Volume I I, pages NN 192-195, 311, 318,
320, 327, 332, 352). Harutyunyan then visited Berlin in
the fall of 1942 at the behest of Major Drumm, a German
intelligencer. Through his assistant, Asatryan Hayk (arrested
by “Smersh”), he sent 30 Armenians living in Bulgaria to
Berlin, where they were sent to Crimea after training at an
intelligence-sabotage school in the village of Hokhenbande.
These men had to revolt if the German army approached
the Armenian border. (Volume I page NN 1574, 155, 158-
165; Volume II page NN 49-51, 59-62). In August 1943,
Garegin Nzhdeh Ter-Harutyunyan arrived in Crimea and
addressed the above-mentioned spies and saboteurs, urging
them to follow all the instructions of the Germans. (Volume
II page NN 309, 310). Defendant Ter-Harutyunyan was a

98 / Armenian Fascism

member of the «Armenian National Council» established
by the German Ministry of the Occupied Territories, which
aimed to assist Germany in the fight against the USSR
and to establish a nationalist-bourgeois government in
Armenia under the German protectorate. (Volume I page
NN 69-71 Volume I page NN 245-248, 352). He plead
himself partially guilty. Based on testimony of Devedjyan
Ovanes Akopovich, Burev Semyon Ivanovich, Plev Hristo
Dmitrievitch, Pastandaryan Krikor Andranikovich, Asatryan
Gayk Kirakosovich, Dogramacyan Mardin Mkrtichevich,
Davidyan Nshan Akrapovichin Suryanchionatsy, Gorky
Sorry, Tomasyan Mkrticevich, Tomasyan Mkrtichevich, he
pleaded guilty. Relying on the completion of the preliminary
investigation and the confirmation of the charges, guided by
Article 200 of the Armenian SSR’s C.P.C., I consider that
the criminal case No. 11278 may be sent to the hearings
of a special meeting under the Ministry of State Security of
the USSR through the military prosecutor of the troops of
the Armenian SSR. As a punishment for the accused, he is
sentenced to 25 years in prison. The indictment was drawn
up on March 10, 1948.

Chief of the Third Division of the First De-
partment of the Ministry of State Security of
Armenian SSR

Major Melkumyan

During the investigation, Nzhdeh also denied the cri-
mes he committed in Zangazur and other regions. But whi-

Prof. Dr. Gafar Chakhmagli / 99

le committing these crimes, Armenians themselves there
witnessed how ruthlessly Nzhdeh treated the Red Guards
and the Turks, and exposed this bogus Armenian “hero” in
their statements. A witness Arsen Hoylunts, for example,
described his savagery as follows:

“In the late 1920s and early 1921, 400 Russian
Red Guards, communist, revolutionary Armenian pe-
asants and workers were shot and killed under his
leadership at the Tatev Monastery, where Nzhdeh’s
headquarters were located. After the declaration of
Soviet power and the abolition of the Dashnak armies
in July 1921, in Zangazur, I was appointed secretary
of the Tatev branch of the district party committee.
Under my personal guidance, the bodies were colle-
cted and buried. About 400 bodies were gathered.”

Another witness, Janunts Avak, testified:

“... In 1920, together with Nzhdeh Dro Kanayan,
they ransacked more than 100 Azerbaijani villages
in the Gubadli region. After the looting, these villa-
ges were burned and destroyed by Nzhdeh and Dro.
Shornuhi and others were the largest of these villa-
ges. While fleeing to Iran, Nzhdeh ordered the confis-
cation of the property of all communists in Zangazur.
His subordinates accomplished it.”

There is handwriting ultimatum belonging to Nzhdeh.
Dated September 27, 1920, the ultimatum is kept in the
archives of political history of Armenia.. Nzhdeh states:

“I kill Turks and Russians with such pleasure as
though I destroy them in battle and in the skies.”

Red Army commanders Todorsky and Sviridov also
declared Nzhdeh’s fascism. In a report sent to Ordzhoniki-

100 / Armenian Fascism

dze in 1921, they noted that Sharur region was turned into
a valley of corpses and death by the Dashnaks in 1919 and
1920. They wrote:

“The Muslim population in the region was utterly
killed and the survivors were forced to flee to Tur-
key. All the property of the Muslim population was
looted. According to the leaders of the Red Army,
humanity has never seen such barbarism”.

According to Arsen Harutyunovich Khoylunts,
Nzhdeh used vicious methods not only against the Mus-
lim population, but also against Armenians and Russians
for suppressing revolutionary uprisings. He called him “An
executioner of the Armenian people” for throwing 400 pe-
ople from the rock by his order at the Tatev region, where
Nzhdeh’s headquarters were located. Avak Tatevosovich
Janunts, an Armenian Bolshevik who witnessed the inci-
dent in Tatev, said that Nzhdeh filled deep hollows with
water in the Gafan region of Armenia at that time and
drowned the Armenian revolutionaries. Nzhdeh’s respon-
se to Tatev’s remarks was as follows: “I do not accept
the testimony of witnesses Hoylunts and Janunts. I
admit that 200 soldiers by Zaval Pasha’s unit was
defeated by me and he himself was wounded and ta-
ken prisoner along with his officers and soldiers. I
released the soldiers and ordered Zaval Pasha and
his staff to be shot in public. But my guards, along
with the villagers, shot them at Tatev and Darbasta,
and threw them down from the Tatev fortress. “

That’s it...

Look! Armenians have erected a statue in honor of
this man....