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2.1. Air conditioning system.
2.2. Condenser and fan assembly.
2.3. Receiver dryer.
2.4. Piping.
2.5. AC Compressor
2.6. Cooling Coil (Evaporator)

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Published by mohammadyusofy, 2020-11-09 01:36:25

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

2.1. Air conditioning system.
2.2. Condenser and fan assembly.
2.3. Receiver dryer.
2.4. Piping.
2.5. AC Compressor
2.6. Cooling Coil (Evaporator)

TAB 3023 AUTOMOTIVE BODY
INSTALLATION PARTS

Automotive Air
Conditioning system

FUNGSI SISTEM PENYAMAN UDARA.

1. Temperature control (Pengawalan suhu)
2. Air circulation control (Pengawalan kitaran udara)
3. Humidity control (Pengawal kelembapan)
4. Air purification (Pembersihan udara)

PENYERAP HABA DIKERETA.

 Haba boleh meresap masuk melalui lantai, bumbung,
cermin atau bahagian-bahagian yang lain.

 Haba yang terhasil bukan sahaja berpunca daripada
pancaran matahari tetapi dihasilkan oleh penumpang
dan enjin kereta.

PENYINGKIRAN HABA KERETA.

 Haba yang meresap masuk ke dalam kereta boleh
disingkirkan melalui proses penyaman udara.
 Penyaman udara mempunyai komponen-komponen
yang boleh menyingkirkan haba panas dari bahagian
dalam kereta .

Dalam menentukan suasana ini, pelbagai factor
dibuat untuk melengkapkan proses penyaman udara.
Antaranya ialah;

1. Unit penyajuk (cooling unit)

2. Unit Pemanasan (Heating unit)

3. Unit pembersihan udara dan Unit pengagih
udara(Air cleaner/Vantilator)

4. Unit penapis dan Permusnah bacteria dan habuk
(Air/Bacteria Filter Remover)

a. UNIT PENYEJUK
(COOLER)

• Satu alat yang
digunakan untuk
menyejuk,
menghilangkan
kelembapan dan
kekotoran dalam
udara



b. UNIT PEMANAS (HEATER).

Berfungsi untuk memanaskan udara dalam kenderaan
semasa musim sejuk.Terbahagi kepada dua jenis iaitu

i. Heater coil/Heater core.
ii. Hot water heater, combination heater and Exahust

heater.

Heating Air Flow

A/C – Heat Door:
Closed to A/C

The air control doors
are set to send the
heated air to floor
discharge during heat
operations.

Heat-Defrost Door: Temp. Door:
Open to Heat Full Heat

To Floor
Outlets

C. Unit pembersihan udara dan Unit pengagih
udara(Air cleaner/Vantilator)

Recirculation Fresh Air

In-car, Recirc. In-car, Recirc.
Inlet: Open Inlet: Closed

Control Systems

Blower Speed Temperature Mode

The control head
determines:

•Blower speed

•Air temperature (Blend
door position)

•Operating mode (Air door Rear Window A/C Request
positions Defrost Request

•A/C on or off (A/C Request)

JENIS - JENIS PENYAMAN UDARA KENDERAAN.

A. Dash Type.
- Komponen penyejat kebiasannya Dipasang dibawah

dash panel.

B. Trunk Type
– Komponen penyejat dipasang Dibahagian atas

depanatau atas belakang kereta (dalam bonet
Belakang)

C. Dual Type
– Komponen penyejatnya ada dua,satu di Bawah

dash panel dan satu lagi Dipasang samaada ditengah
atau di Belakang kenderaan.

KEDUDUKAN KOMPONEN & REFRIGERANT DALAM
SYSTEM.

Expansion valve

Compressor Blower

Evaporator

Fan Drier
Condenser

PRINSIP ASAS PERGERAKAN
REFRIGERANT DALAM SYSTEM.

vapour Ice cold
vapour
liquid

liquid
cold - warm

vapour
Ice cold

hot liquid warm

KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN
UTAMA.

1. COMPRESSOR

 Fungsi Compressor

i. mengepam bahan pendingin
‘refrigeran’ keseluruh bahagian.
ii. berfungsi menyelengarakan tekanan
tinggi dan tekanan rendah.

 Pemampat pada kenderaan akan
dipusingkan oleh belting yang
menghubungkan dengan pulley
crankshaft enjin.

JJEENNISIS--JJEENNISIS““CCOOMMPPRREESSSSOORR””

1.Piston Compressors

Reed Valve Plate

This two-cylinder compressor Piston
uses a crankshaft to move Connecting
the pistons up and down.
Refrigerant flow is controlled Rod
by the suction and discharge Crankshaft
reeds in the valve plate.
Shaft
Seal

Animation: Piston Compressor

Reed Valves

Evaporator Pressure Condenser Pressure
Suction Discharge
Reed Open Reed Open

Suction Discharge

Refrigerant flow can be controlled by reed valves. Pressure on
one side of the flexible reed forces it to close the port.
Pressure on the opposite side forces the reed open.

2.Scotch Yoke Compressors

Suction Reed Discharge Reed
Pistons with
A Scotch yoke Yokes
compressor has two
pairs of pistons that are Crankshaft
driven by a slider block
on the crankshaft. The Slider Block
pistons are connected (hidden)
by a yoke.

Animation: Scotch Yoke Compressor

3. Scroll Compressors

The orbiting scroll is Orbiting Scroll
driven by the crankshaft Clutch
and moves in a small
circular orbit. The fixed
scroll remains stationary.

Fixed Scroll Shaft Seal

Crankshaft

Animation: Scroll Compressor

Scrolls

Orbiting Scroll

Fixed Scroll

The fixed (tetap) scroll is secured (terkunci) to the case so it
does not move. The Orbiting scroll moves in a circular motion
as it is driven be the crankshaft.

Scroll type compressor

4. Swash Plate Compressors

Swash Piston
Plate Valve
Plate

Shaft
Seal

Valve
Plate

5. Wobble Plate Compressors

Wobble Plate
Drive Hub

Valve
Plate

Piston Connecting Rod Shaft Seal

Animation: Wobble Plate Compressor

6. Vane Compressor, Cutaway

Clutch: Discharge
Pulley Check
Valve
Plate
Coil Rotor

Vane

Shaft
Seal

2. CODENSER AND FAN MOTOR

 Membuang haba panas dari gas bahan pendingin yang bersuhu
dan bertekanan tinggi.

 Jumlah haba yang dikeluarkan di condenser adalah jumlah haba
yang diserap oleh evaporator & compressor

 Dipasang dihadapan kenderaan untuk memberi lebih kecekapan
proses pembuangan haba dari kipas dan udara semasa
kenderaan bergerak.

 Lebih banyak haba yang dibuang oleh condenser,lebih cekap lagi
proses penyerapan haba berlaku di evaporetor

Serpentine Condenser

Jenis-jenis Condenser
 Dari segi binaannya tidak banyak perbezaan.Boleh dikatakan

kebanyakannya berbentuk Tiub bersirip (plate fin) dan Serpentine fin
-Single pass type condenser.
-Three pass type condenser.
-Multi pass type condenser

Refrigerant flows
from the upper inlet
to the bottom outlet
through two tubes.
These tubes wind
back and forth
though the
condenser.

Parallel Flow Condenser

Refrigerant flows from the
upper inlet to the bottom outlet
through groups of parallel
tubes. Some carry refrigerant
from the right to the left, and
others move it back to the right
side.

Condenser

Problems: vapor liquid

•Dirty insects / flies
•Leaking stones
•Corrosion inside / outside
•Fan out of order

3. MEDAN MAGNET PEGUN /
MAGNETIC CLUTCH.

Pulley
Drive Plate

Coil

The three major parts of a clutch assembly.

Electro-magnetic clutch

1 Fixing screw
2 Disk
3 Front plate
4 Rotor assembly

JENIS - JENIS MAGNETIC
CLUTCH

Jenis F dan G – untuk crank
type compressor
Jenis R dan P – untuk swash
plate dan through vane
( rotary compressor)

Magnetic coil

The coil is secured to the
front of the compressor so it
cannot rotate or move
forward as the clutch is
applied.

Retaining Ring
Coil

Pulley

The pulley rotates on a heavy-duty ball
bearing, and the pulley assembly is
mounted onto the front of the compressor.

Bearing Retainer

Pulley
Pulley Retaining Ring

Bearing

Dust Shield

Drive plate

The drive plate is attached to the
compressor shaft so it can drive the
compressor. It is also called a pressure
plate, hub, or shoe. The shims are adjust
the air gap.

Shims Drive Plate
Drive Key Washer Nut

RECERVER/DRYER

Receiver -
Ruang simpanan lebihan bahan.
Mengawal aliran yang sekata masuk ke
Expansion valve.

Dryer -

Satu bahagian yang mengandungi bahan
disicant seperti silica gel/Zerolite.

Desicant bertujuan untuk memerangkap
wap air dalam bahan pendingin sebelum
memasuki expansion valve.

Sight glass - 1) from Condenser
Dipasang dibahagian atas reverver/dryer, 2) sight glass
bertujuan untuk melihat aliran dan kuantiti 3) Outlet
bahan pendingin dalam system. 4) Drying element
5) Liquid refrigerant
Drier should be changed every two years 6) Pipe

Refrigerant vapour to Accumulator Drier
compressor
Refrigerant vapour from
evaporator

Capillary to refrigerant tube Low pressure switch

„U“ Tube
Drying element
Filter screen

Filter Lubricant

EVAPORATOR/COOLING COIL

Evaporator

Keadaan bahan pendingin dari Expansion
valve adalah 70% cecair dan 30% gas
yang bertekanan dan bersuhu rendah
Bertukar dalam bentuk gas dan akan
menyerap haba dari udara yang melaluai
celah-celah sirip penyejat.

Problems:

•Dust particles
•Pollen
•Mushrooms

METERING DEVICE/EXPANSION VALVE.

F). METERING DEVICE/EXPANSION VALVE.
- Expansion valve berfungsi menurunkan tekanan dan suhu

bahan pendingin serta menukarkan sifat bahan pendingin dari
cecair bertekanan dan bersuhu tinggi kepada 70% cecair dan
30% gas bertekanan dan bersuhu rendah.

Terbahagi kepada dua pengkelasan:
Constant pressure Expansion valve.
Thermal Expansion valve.
Float valve.

Jenis expansion valve.
TXV-Thermostatic expansion valve - banyak digunakan

AXV
CP
L.S.F-Low side float
H.S.F-High side float
HAND VALVE
ELECTRONIC X.V – terbaru
DAMPER- motor control.

Thermostatic expansion valve

Needle
Sensor / stretch element

Diaphragm

Needle down To compressor (vapor)
more open From drier (liquid)

Ball valve Spring

Thermal Expansion Valves, TXVs

Internally
Balanced

Externally
Balanced

Block Valve

Animation: TXV Operation



Orrifice tube

BLOWER MOTOR.

Kipas
Berfungsi untuk menghantar udara didalam kenderaan atau udara luar
ke sirip evaporator sebelum dihembus keluar melaluai grill ventilator
outlet.

Distribution Plenum Air Inlet Blower motor


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