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ii Contents Diagrammatic Notes N1 – N16 Unit 1: Vocabulary 1 Unit 2: Grammar 13 Unit 3: Reading 42 Summative Assessment 1 • Part 1 – Short Texts 60 • Part 2 – Cloze Texts 62 • Part 3 – Linear/Non-Linear Text Comprehension 64 • Part 4 – Matching Multiple Texts 67 Unit 4: Writing 70 Summative Assessment 2 • Part 5 – Word Completion 83 • Part 6 – Short Communicative Message 84 • Part 7 – Note Expansion 86 Mid-Year Assessment 89 Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik 95 Answers 103 Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Content 4th.indd 2 11/29/2024 9:53:01 AM i_ii_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 2 5/12/2024 4:42:25 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N1N1 Vocabulary Collective Nouns Collective nouns are groups of people, places, animals and things. Vocabulary refers to words within a language. You can build up your vocabulary by reading, listening, watching and speaking in the language you wish to learn. The following are words and phrases that English learners need to know. Collective Nouns Groups of people Groups of places Groups of animals Groups of things Here are some examples: People Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 1 11/29/2024 9:31:18 AM N1N1 Vocabulary Collective Nouns Collective nouns are groups of people, places, animals and things. Vocabulary refers to words within a language. You can build up your vocabulary by reading, listening, watching and speaking in the language you wish to learn. The following are words and phrases that English learners need to know. Collective Nouns Groups of people Groups of places Groups of animals Groups of things Here are some examples: People Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 1 11/29/2024 9:31:18 AM Diagrammatic Notes Diagrammatic Notes N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 1 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N2 Places/Nature Animals Things a forest of trees an army of soldiers a litter of kittens a bouquet of flowers a flight of stairs a pile of clothes a bundle of sticks a string of pearls a loaf of bread a bunch of keys a fleet of cars a slice of cake a collection of toys a pack of wolves a swarm of bees a troop of monkeys a group of islands a colony of penguins a range of mountains a herd of elephants Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 2 11/29/2024 9:31:20 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 2 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N3N3 Collocations These are words that go together. They just sound natural, so it is good to learn them by heart. Example day and night thunder and lightning rain or shine touch and go peace and quiet fork and spoon pots and pans bread and butter Word pairs 1 fast food X NOT quick food 2 a fast train X NOT a quick train 3 a quick meal X NOT a fast meal 4 a quick shower X NOT a fast shower 5 a serious illness X NOT a big illness or a strong illness 6 made a mistake X NOT did a mistake Phrasal Verbs These are two or more words that have a new meaning that is different from the individual words. It usually contains a verb + another word (preposition or adverb). Example goes + out = I switch off the light and the light goes out. Do vs. Make Do… vs Make… … the dishes … your homework … your bed … a deal … the ironing … your job … a wish … a mistake … the laundry … your hair … a mess … an excuse … the ironing … your nails … a choice … friends … the washing … a favour … a phone call … a fuss … the shopping … one’s best … a promise … a comment … business … harm … an appointment … a fool of yourself Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 3 11/29/2024 9:31:21 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 3 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N4 Get on, Get in, Get out, Get off Get on… an aeroplane a boat a train a bus a ferry Get in… a car a taxi a truck a helicopter Get out… of a car of a taxi Get off… a train a bus an aeroplane Go Go… home right online abroad Go to… school bed class jail Go to a… meeting concert restaurant party Go to the… bank airport cinema park Go on… a cruise holiday a tour a picnic Go for… a meal a drive a jog a swim Have Have… lunch dinner breakfast tea fun Have a… holiday shower party rest haircut talk fall Have an… appointment exam event Put Meaning In a sentence put out to extinguish The firefighters put out the fire quickly. put away to tidy up Class, please put away your things now. put through to connect by phone Can you put me through to the headmaster, please. put on to dress oneself I put on my new dress for the concert. put off to delay I put off going to the dentist. Now my bad tooth has become worse. put up with to tolerate Every day, I have to put up with my neighbour’s noisy dogs. Verbs to use with sports, games and activities Do … Play … Go … karate basketball swimming judo football hiking aerobics hockey jogging exercise tennis running ballet chess fishing yoga golf skating crossword puzzles badminton cycling Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 4 11/29/2024 9:31:21 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 4 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N5N5 Phrasal verbs related to the phone Speak up • to speak louder (Speak up, please. I can’t hear you.) Pick up • to answer the phone (Someone please pick up the phone. It’s been ringing for a long time.) Cut off • to interrupt a telephone conversation (Sorry, we were cut off just now. I don’t know what happened.) Hold on • to wait for some time (Hold on, please. I’ll go get her.) Get through • to be able to talk to someone over the phone (Sam, I called you yesterday but couldn’t get through. Was your phone switched off?) Call back • to return the call (Sorry, I have to go now. I’ll call you back later.) Contractions Contractions are shorter ways of saying words. Study the list below. is not isn’t had not hadn’t they are they’re will not won’t was not wasn’t I would I’d were not weren’t cannot can’t does not doesn’t could not couldn’t do not don’t should not shouldn’t did not didn’t must not mustn’t we have we’ve I will I’ll Prefixes A prefix consists of some letters that we add to the front of a word. It changes the meaning of the word. For example, for the word happy, if you add un-, we get unhappy, which means sad. Prefix Meaning Examples un- not, opposite of unhappy, unsafe, unlock, unable im- not, opposite of impossible, impolite, immature, imperfect mis- incorrectly, wrongly misunderstand, misplace, mismatch, misinterpret dis- not, opposite of disagree, dishonest, disappear, dislike, disobey re- again, back reteach, relearn, redo, revisit, replay Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 5 11/29/2024 9:31:22 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 5 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N6 Suffixes A suffix consists of letters that we add to the end of a word. This changes the meaning of the word. For example, if you add -ing to walk, you get the present continuous tense of walking. Suffix Meaning Examples -less without, not careless, fearless, hairless, useless -ful full of hopeful, careful, beautiful -mis incorrectly, wrongly misunderstand, misplace, mismatch, misinterpret -dis not, opposite of disagree, dishonest, disappear, disobey -ed happened already walked, jogged, played, cooked, learned -ing happening now walking, jogging, playing, cooking, learning -er more slower, faster, braver, taller, shorter -est most slowest, fastest, bravest, tallest, shortest careless disappear misunderstand beautiful Word Meanings These are some definitions. The correct word that matches the definition is in colour. 1 Correct in all details; exact general accurate mistaken 2 Not able to relax because of worry restless quiet calm 3 Highly pleasant to the taste spicy bland delicious 4 Moving forward on your hands and knees kneel crawl slither 5 Cause a person to feel sudden alarm or shock startled thrilled nervous 6 A broad blade or scoop attached to a handle pliers shovel hammer 7 A short journey taken to deliver or do something travel trip errand 8 Personal belongings packed in suitcases for travelling; luggage baggage bill check Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 6 11/29/2024 9:31:22 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 6 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N7N7 Applying Meanings Here again, the correct answer is in colour. 1 Where would you go to get a pair of pliers? supermarket hardware store grocery store 2 What do you need to set a table for a meal? utensils menu cutlery 3 How does someone behave when you startle them? They laugh. They jump. They smile. 4 The label says that the apple juice is 100% pure. This means it is . natural mixed different 5 At the beach, we use a to dig the sand. hoe shovel spade 6 When you fill a box to the brim, it is . overflowing stuffed half-full 7 When you run a fever or feel ill, you are suffering from . butterflies in the stomach a moment of sadness a sickness 8 When you close up something firmly, you it. fasten unlock unhook Commonly Confused Words Here are some words that are often confused: lay lie lay – to put or to place She lays the table for dinner. lie – to lie down She lies down for a nap. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 7 11/29/2024 9:31:23 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 7 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N8 to too to – indicates direction She walked to school. too – means also He too walked to school. their they’re their – something that belongs to them Is that their house? they’re – short form for they are They’re in the Science lab now. advice advise advice – (noun) a suggestion what someone must do I am a teacher. Listen to my advice. advise – (verb) the act of giving a suggestion to someone to do something I advise you to study hard for the exams. make do make – to prepare something I’m going to make a sandwich now. do – is used to state an action Go and do your homework. all together altogether all together – everyone together or everything together Let’s sing this song again all together. altogether – completely or on the whole My father has 10 brothers and sisters altogether. clothes cloths clothes – something you wear I bought some new clothes. cloths – pieces of material used for cleaning Use these cloths for cleaning. accept except accept – to receive I accept your invitation to the party. except – not including I can eat anything except meat. stationary stationery stationary – not moving There was an accident. Someone crashed into a stationary lorry. stationery – refers to paper, pencil, pen, eraser, paper clips, etc. Before school reopened, we went to the shop and bought some stationery. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 8 11/29/2024 9:31:23 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 8 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N9N9 Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement In English, the subject and verb must agree in a sentence. This is the basic rule. What is the Subject? It is the person, place or thing the sentence is about. What is the Verb? Write, run and sing are verbs. Verbs are action words. Here are the rules: Rule Examples 1 He / She / It verb + ‘-s’ He walks to school. She plays computer games. It runs after the ball. 2 I / You / We / They don’t add ‘-s’ I walk home. You cycle home. We play computer games. They sing very well. 3 Uncountable nouns and collective nouns take on a singular verb verb + ‘-s’ There is some salt on the table. A flock of sheep grazes in the field. Note: For past tense, the ‘s’ rule does not apply. e.g. He walked to school. They walked to school. Prepositions Prepositions of Place – at, in, on These prepositions say where things are. Preposition Examples In a sentence in an enclosed space in Alor Setar in the garden in Taman Hijau in my pocket in the car We have a banana tree in the garden. My teacher lives in Taman Hijau. on a surface on the table on the wall on the floor on the bed on the carpet I hung our family photos on the wall. There are piles of clothes on the floor. Flashback! Prepositions are words that show place, time and direction. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 9 11/29/2024 9:31:23 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 9 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N10 at a point at the corner at the bus stop at the junction at the end of the road at the top of the page “Sally, wait for me at the bus stop.” The car stopped at the junction. Prepositions of Time – at, in, on These prepositions show when. Preposition Examples In a sentence in months, seasons, years in the morning(s) in June in winter in 2020 in the past in a few minutes In winter, my pen pals in England build a snowman. on days and dates on Saturday on 1st February on Mother’s Day on your birthday on weekends This year, Chinese New Year falls on 1st February. at the exact time at 8 o’clock at lunchtime at bedtime at midnight at that time at this moment At this moment, I’m doing my homework. Tenses Spelling Rules for the Present Simple Verbs Sometimes, the spelling of the word changes in the present tense. It all depends on the ending of the verb. Here are the rules: Rule Spelling rules Examples 1 For verbs that end with: o, ch, sh, ss, x or z add ‘-es’ go – goes fix – fixes watch – watches wash – washes miss – misses buzz –buzzes 2 For verbs that end with: consonant + y delete ‘y’, add ‘-ies’ carry – carries study – studies marry – marries worry – worries 3 For verbs that end with: vowel + y add ‘-s’ enjoy – enjoys play – plays prey – preys buy – buys 4 For verbs that end with: e add ‘-s’ choose – chooses lose – loses rise – rises see – sees Flashback! You have learned these tenses so far: • Present Simple • Past Simple • Present Continuous • Past Continuous Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 10 11/29/2024 9:31:24 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 10 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N11 N11 Spelling Rules for the Past Simple Verbs Here are some spelling rules for regular verbs: Rule Spelling Rule Examples 1 Verbs that end with: e add ‘-d’ bake – baked hope – hoped hike –hiked joke – joked 2 Verbs that end with: consonant + y delete ‘y’, add ‘-ied’ cry – cried try – tried fry – fried worry – worried 3 Verbs that end with: vowel + y add ‘-ed’ obey – obeyed stay – stayed prey – preyed slay – slayed For irregular verbs in the past tense, sometimes the word changes. Here are some examples: Present Tense Past Tense Present Tense Past Tense begin began give gave bite bit grow grew blow blew ring rang bring brought ride rode buy bought rise rose catch caught shake shook come came sleep slept drink drank sing sang drive drove sink sank grow grew teach taught fall fell think thought fly flew throw threw fling flung write wrote However, there are some irregular verbs that do not change form. Here are some examples: Present Tense Past Tense Present Tense Past Tense beat beat let let bet bet put put broadcast broadcast quit quit burst burst read read cut cut set set hit hit shut shut hurt hurt spread spread Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 11 11/29/2024 9:31:24 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 11 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N12 Spelling Rules for the Present Continuous Verbs Present continuous verbs are verb + ‘-ing’ such as walking or dancing. Here are some spelling rules: Rule Spelling Rule Examples 1 When the word ends with ‘e’, the final ‘e’ is dropped bake – baking take – taking hike – hiking come – coming 2 When the word ends with ‘ee’, the ‘ee’ is not changed agree – agreeing see – seeing flee – fleeing free – freeing 3 When the word ends with ‘ie’, the ‘ie’ becomes y lie – lying die – dying tie – tying vie – vying 4 When the word has one syllable and ends with a vowel and consonant, double the consonant run – running stop – stopping hit – hitting plan – planning Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive pronouns refer back to the person or thing in a sentence. They are used when the subject (who does the action) and object (who receives the action) of the verb are the same. Example We wrote the song ourselves. “Ouch! I cut myself when I fell down.” When do we use reflexive pronouns? Usage Examples 1 To emphasise something I myself painted that gate! She saw the manager herself. 2 To show something unusual He wants to get a car. He wants to drive himself to work. (Usually, he takes the bus) To use reflexive pronouns correctly, pay attention to the personal pronouns, i.e. I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. Singular Plural I myself we ourselves You yourself you yourselves He himself they themselves She herself It itself Flashback! You have learned: • Personal Pronouns • Demonstrative Pronouns • Possessive Pronouns • Interrogative Pronouns Can you remember what they are? Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 12 11/29/2024 9:31:24 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 12 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
9/2024 9:31:24 AM N13 N13 Adverbs Adverbs are words that tell when, where, how and how often an action takes place. Adverbs of Time These words tell when an action takes place. Tonight? Tomorrow? Soon? Right now? This weekend? Later? Next week? When shall we visit our Scoutmaster, Mr Venu? Adverbs of Place These words tell where an action takes place. Here? Where shall we have the surprise party? In school? At home? Nearby? Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 13 11/29/2024 9:31:25 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 13 3/12/2024 12:10:23 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N14 Adverbs of Manner These words tell how an action takes place. Remember: To form these adverbs, add ‘-ly’ I’m shouting loudly. I’m preparing confidently. I want to win badly. I’m waiting anxiously. I’m watching carefully. I’m judging fairly. I’m cheering happily. Adverbs of Frequency These are words that tell you how often we do something. How often do you read books? Often! Seldom! Sometimes! Always! Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 14 11/29/2024 9:31:26 AM Revisi Pintar EngN1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 14 3/12/2024 12:10:24 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N15 N15 Adjectives – Comparative and Superlative Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They can also be used to compare two or more nouns. Comparative Adjective – compares 2 nouns Superlative Adjective – compares 3 or more nouns For short adjectives (1 or 2 syllables), we usually add: ‘-er’ for Comparative ‘-est’ for Superlative For example: tall, short, big, hot 1 syllable ha/ppy, gree/dy, la/zy 2 syllables Spelling Rules for Comparative Adjectives Rule Spelling Rule Examples 1 Usually add ‘-er’ tall – taller short – shorter calm – calmer long – longer 2 Words ending with ‘-e’ add -r cute – cuter nice – nicer simple – simpler fierce – fiercer 3 Words ending with ‘-y’ delete ‘y’, add ‘-ier’ tidy – tidier happy – happier lazy – lazier greedy – greedier 4 Words ending with a vowel + consonant double the consonant + ‘-er’ fat–fatter hot – hotter big – bigger thin – thinner Spelling Rules for Superlative Adjectives Rule Spelling Rule Examples 1 Usually add ‘-est’ tall – tallest short – shortest calm –calmest long – longest 2 Words ending with ‘-e’ add ‘-st’ cute – cutest nice – nicest simple – simplest fierce – fiercest 3 Words ending with consonant + -y delete ‘-y’, add ‘-iest’ tidy – tidiest happy – happiest lazy – laziest greedy – greediest 4 Ending in a vowel + consonant double the consonant + ‘-est’ fat–fattest hot – hottest big – biggest thin – thinnest For longer adjectives, (3 or 4 syllables, and sometimes even 2 syllables), we use ‘more’ and ‘most’. Here is a list of some common adjectives and their comparative and superlative forms. Regular Comparative Superlative angry angrier than the angriest big bigger than the biggest busy busier than the busiest cheap cheaper than the cheapest clever cleverer than the cleverest Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 15 11/29/2024 9:31:26 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 15 3/12/2024 12:10:24 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
N16 early earlier than the earliest lovely lovelier than the loveliest quick quicker than the quickest rich richer than the richest simple simpler than the simplest beautiful more beautiful than the most beautiful expensive more expensive than the most expensive exciting more exciting than the most exciting graceful more graceful than the most graceful handsome more handsome than the most handsome hardworking more hardworking than the most hardworking important more important than the most important interesting more interesting than the most interesting pleasant more pleasant than the most pleasant Note: Never use ‘-er’ and ‘more’ together. ☞ They are more braver than me. ☞ My drawing is more better than yours. Never use ‘-est’ and ‘most’ together. ☞ They are the most bravest. ☞ My drawing is the most best. Punctuation In writing, we need to master punctuation. The use of correct punctuation makes our writing clear. Here are some punctuation explanations. Usage Examples Capital Letters A, B, C At the beginning of a sentence The bus stopped at my house. My mother is a beautiful woman. To begin proper nouns (names of people, things, places, etc.) Zul and Abu are brothers. The Rejang River is in Sarawak. Full Stop . To mark the end of a sentence. Mother went shopping. We went with her. Commas , To separate words in a list We bought fruits, fish, meat and vegetables. We brought along a book, a pencil and a ruler. To introduce a dialogue I said, “Close the door.” Question Mark ? At the end of a question Did you eat the cake? Where is it now? Apostrophe ’ To show possession Didi’s books James’s car With contractions I’ll We’re Won’t Exclamation Mark ! To express strong feelings like shock, surprise, anger, etc. What a wonderful concert! Help! Help! To imitate sounds “Meow! Meow!” mewed the cat. “Bang! Bang!” shouted the boy pointing his toy gun at the cat. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 Notes 4th.indd 16 11/29/2024 9:31:26 AM N1-N16_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 16 3/12/2024 12:10:24 PM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
1 Concept Map Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary • Gender • Buildings and Places • Jobs and Occupations • Modes of Transport • Gardening Tools • Workshop Tools • Synonyms • Antonyms • Similes • Idioms • Proverbs • Homophones • Homographs Gender People Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine actor actress landlord landlady bride bridegroom nephew niece emperor empress sir madam gentleman lady steward stewardess master mistress tailor seamstress heir heiress widower widow husband wife wizard witch Animals and Their Young Male Female The young Male Female The young bull cow calf horse mare foal deer doe fawn lion lioness cub drake duck duckling peacock peahen chick fox vixen cub, pup rooster hen chick gander goose gosling tiger tigress cub he-goat she-goat kid tomcat queen kitten Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 1 11/29/2024 9:34:12 AM 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 1 5/12/2024 11:47:32 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
2 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Buildings and Places Place Description abattoir a place where animals are killed for their meat aviary a large cage or enclosure in which birds are kept cemetery a place where dead people are buried college a place where students continue their studies after they leave school dome a rounded roof on a building or a room dump a place where rubbish is thrown factory a building in which large amounts of goods are made using machines gallery a building which is used for showing works of art hangar a large building where aircraft is kept harbour an area of water next to the coast where ships and boats can shelter or dock lighthouse a tall building by the sea with a flashing light at the top to warn ships of danger museum a building where historical things are kept nursery a place where children are taken care of while their parents are at work office a room or part of a building in which people work orchard an area of land where fruit trees (except citrus trees) are planted pharmacy a shop where medicines are sold prison a place where criminals are kept to punish them for their crimes restaurant a place where meals are prepared and served to customers stadium a large place with rows of seats around the sides which is used for sports events and musical performances university a place where people study for a degree warehouse a large building for storing items cow bull calf hen cockerel chick ewe ram lamb Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 2 11/29/2024 9:34:14 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 2 5/12/2024 11:47:32 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
3 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Formative Practice 1 What are the following places called? Name them. 1 A building in which aircraft are kept 2 A place where rubbish is thrown 3 A place where paintings are exhibited 4 A large building where things are stored 5 A place where birds are kept and exhibited 6 A place where people can buy and eat a meal 7 A place where criminals are kept away from society 8 A tall building with lights that warn ships of rocks 9 A place where animals are killed for their meat 10 A rounded roof on a mosque Jobs and Occupations Occupation Description acrobat entertains people by doing difficult and skilful physical stunts astronomer a scientist who studies the sun, moon, stars, planets astronaut a person who has been trained for travelling in spacecraft beautician improves the appearance of a customer’s face, body and hair coach trains or gives special lessons to a person or a team goldsmith makes objects (e.g. necklaces, rings) from gold grocer owns or works in a shop selling food and small items for the home inventor a person who creates new things judge is in charge of a trial in a court and makes decisions on legal matters lawyer gives advice to people about the law and speaks for them in court locksmith repairs or opens locks and makes keys newspaper vendor sells newspapers and magazines optician examines people’s eyes and sells glasses or contact lens referee is in charge of a sports game; makes sure that rules are followed Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 3 11/29/2024 9:34:14 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 3 5/12/2024 11:47:32 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
4 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Occupation Description reporter writes and reports news for a newspaper, magazine, radio or TV salesman sells things in a shop or directly to customers scientist an expert who studies or works in one of the sciences surgeon is specially trained to perform medical operations veterinarian a person with a medical degree who takes care of animals zookeeper a person who works in a zoo, taking care of the animals Formative Practice 2 Complete the sentence with a job or occupation. 1 Our delivers the newspaper by 7:00 a.m. in the morning. 2 I can’t see well in class. I must check my eyes. I must go to the . 3 Taiping Zoo has many who take good care of the animals. 4 I bought a new lock. To make spare keys, I went to the . 5 My cat is not eating. I have to take it to a . 6 To defend him in court, Mr Samy hired a . 7 After the trial, the gave his judgement. 8 My gold chain broke. My mother took it to the to be repaired. 9 I am on the school football team. Our is Encik Zul. He is very strict. 10 Dr Kumar is the who is going to operate on Mr Wong’s knee. 11 The players played rough. The kept on blowing his whistle. 12 I am a . I write articles for The Sun newspaper. Modes of Transport Air Land Water Rail aeroplane / airplane car, taxi boat tram helicopter bus ferry train hot-air balloon lorry canoe subway rocket van ship jeep tanker motorcycle yacht bicycle speedboat submarine Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 4 11/29/2024 9:34:15 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 4 5/12/2024 11:47:32 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
5 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Gardening Tools boots bucket flower pot fork gardening gloves spade hose rake pruners spray bottle trowel watering can wheelbarrow Workshop Tools chisel hammer cutter drill nail paint brush measuring tape pliers paint roller screw saw screwdriver spanner wrench scraper Formative Practice 3 Complete the sentences on modes of transport with suitable words. Use the clues given. 1 We went to Kota Kinabalu for the holidays. We flew in an a . 2 On arrival, we took a t to the hotel. The drive was interesting. 3 After checking in, we took the hotel v to the jetty. From there, we took a sp b to an island. 4 We went around the island on b y s. We had lunch and then came back to the mainland. 5 We went to the shops on f . We walked around and bought some souvenirs. 6 That evening, we took a tr back to our hotel. It was cool riding in the three-wheeler. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 5 11/29/2024 9:34:16 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 5 5/12/2024 11:47:32 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
6 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Formative Practice 4 Complete the sentences on gardening tools with suitable words. Use the clues given. 1 The gardener wants to plant some flowers. He digs the ground with a s e. 2 With a tr , he digs small holes in the ground and puts in the flower plants. 3 Later, he waters the newly-planted plants with a w c . 4 He trims the other plants with a pair of p . The plants look neat now. 5 Later, he ‘sweeps’ the dry leaves from under the tree. He uses a r . 6 Lastly, he puts the extra bricks in a wh b and takes them to the back of the house. Formative Practice 5 Complete the sentences with the correct workshop tool. Use the clues given. 1 Ben had a piece of wood. He measured it with a m t . 2 Then, he used a s to cut the piece of wood into two. 3 Next, he used a h to hit some nails into the wood. 4 Using a s d r, he also added some screws. 5 We use a d to make holes on the wall. 6 His father’s car tyre was punctured. So Ben used a w to loosen the bolts of the wheel. Synonyms Here are some words and their synonyms. They have the same meaning. Word Synonym Word Synonym aid help fall drop amazing wonderful find discover active lively gaze look behave act healthy fit blank empty join unite break smash loyal faithful carry bear mystery secret coarse rough need require daring bold occur happen decide choose protect guard describe explain respond reply disappear vanish rob steal emphasis stress satisfied pleased fast speedy Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 6 11/29/2024 9:34:16 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 6 5/12/2024 11:47:32 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
7 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Antonyms Here are some words and their opposites. Word Opposite Word Opposite accept refuse join divide, separate allow forbid learn teach build destroy nasty nice break mend often seldom calm excited lain fancy dangerous safe praise condemn damage repair raw cooked enjoy suffer raise lower fall rise shout whisper guest host tidy messy guilty innocent well/healthy sick hero villain useful useless Formative Practice 6 A Underline the correct synonym of the word. 1 walk – crawl / stroll 2 chilly – warm / cool 3 sketch – draw / paint 4 scared – confused / frightened 5 store – shop / hawker 6 tasty – delicious / nice 7 smelly – fragrant / stinky 8 silent – quiet / noisy 9 smile – frown / grin 10 friendly – kind / reserved B Write the synonym of the word underlined. clever leap kind rude flames starving 1 She was a wise old lady. 2 We were hungry after the game. 3 We had to jump as far as we could. 4 Were you impolite to the teacher? 5 Miss Tina is a caring person. 6 The bag fell into the fire. excited bored Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 7 11/29/2024 9:34:16 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 7 5/12/2024 11:47:32 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
8 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Formative Practice 7 A Underline the correct antonym or the opposite meaning of the word. 1 always – sometimes / never 2 arrive – welcome / depart 3 exciting – boring / lively 4 join – separate / unite 5 enormous – tall / tiny 6 terrible – wonderful / awful 7 catch – drop / receive 8 fix – repair / break 9 enjoy – like / dislike 10 plain – fancy / simple B Give the antonym of the word underlined. Write it at the side. innocent tidy useless safe nice refused hero destroyed 1 This is a dangerous river to cross. 2 Andy acted as a villain in the play. 3 He is not guilty of the crime. 4 They were nasty to me. 5 His room is always messy. 6 They built this house last year. 7 This is a useful gadget to have at home. 8 They accepted the gift from their friends. Homophones These are words that sound the same but are spelled differently. Word Meaning Word Meaning air heir oxygen successor hole whole pit, hollow entire, all buy by pay money and get something next to hour our time us die dye having no life colour your hair night knight dark warrior of olden times fir fur fir tree hair knot not tie, loop no heal heel to get better back of your foot mail male letters man Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 8 11/29/2024 9:34:16 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 8 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
9 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Homographs Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have a different meaning. Sometimes, they are pronounced differently too. Word Meaning 1 Meaning 2 bass a musical instrument a type of fish can able to a metal container for drinks duck the animal to bend down firm a company hard; strong fit healthy the right size for clothes fly the insect to travel in an aeroplane leaves the green parts of a tree departs rose the flower the past tense of rise ruler the king a type of stationery for drawing straight lines watch an object to tell time to see well healthy a deep hole in the ground Formative Practice 8 Fill in the blanks with the matching homophone. e.g. The book he read to us had a red cover. 1 Our bus ride lasted for an . 2 I have to heal the blister on my . 3 Tie the rope in a tight knot, a ribbon. 4 Our mail was delivered by a postman. 5 Don’t crowd around the heir, please. Give him . 6 The rode into the night to spy on the enemy. 7 I don’t think people will die if they their hair. 8 Let’s some banana fritters from the stall by the road. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 9 11/29/2024 9:34:16 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 9 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
10 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Formative Practice 9 Match the word (homograph) in bold to its meaning. 1 Jason likes to watch cartoons. (a) feeling good 2 Helmi got a watch for his birthday. (b) gift 3 Please close the windows. (c) here 4 You are standing too close to the edge. (d) fee paid for breaking the law 5 We paid a fine for parking in the wrong place. (e) look at 6 I was fine yesterday. But I’m sick today. (f) near 7 This bicycle is my birthday present. (g) shut 8 “All are present, teacher,” said the monitor. (h) a small clock on the wrist Similes A simile is a comparison between two things using the words “as” or “like”. Using “as” Using “like” as dry as a bone as sick as a parrot soar like an eagle swim like a fish as dry as dust as slow as a snail smell like garbage sweet like sugar as free as a bird as strong as an ox sleep like a log smell like a rose as fresh as a daisy as stubborn as a mule slept like a baby shine like the stars as good as gold as timid as a rabbit eat like a bird fight like cats and dogs as happy as a lark as white as snow eat like a horse leak like a sieve as sharp as a razor as wise as an owl sing like an angel chatters like a monkey Formative Practice 10 Complete the sentences with the correct simile. Choose from the box. arrow stars baby rabbit garbage bird sieve eagle bone 1 Our new fairy lights in the porch are looking as bright as . 2 Ugh! You smell like ! Go and change your clothes. 3 I scored an ‘A’ in my Maths test. I’m happy and soaring like an . Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 10 11/29/2024 9:34:16 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 10 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
11 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary 4 I had a good night’s sleep. I slept like a . 5 I’m so very thirsty. My mouth is as dry as a . 6 I’m not a brave person. I’m as timid as a . 7 Oh dear! Our kitchen sink is leaking like a . There’s water everywhere. 8 My father always speaks the truth. He is as straight as an . 9 My uncle is not married. He wants to be as free as a and travel around the world. Idioms An idiom is a group of words. The meaning of the group is different from each and every word. Idiom Meaning a piece of cake something that is very easy break a leg good luck forty winks to have a short nap all ears to listen with attention in hot water in trouble in the same boat in the same situation night owl someone who stays up late once in a blue moon very seldom out of the blue with no warning pass with flying colours to do something very well see eye to eye agree to let the cat out of the bag to tell a secret to pull one’s leg to play a trick on someone Formative Practice 11 Complete the sentences with the correct idiom. Use the clues given. 1 The test was a p because I studied for it. 2 My older brother is a n . He studies late into the night. 3 My father likes to catch f after lunch. 4 O , my teacher told us she was going to give us a test. We were all unprepared. 5 Our friend said she had an interesting story to tell us. We were a . 6 I told my brother he will get into h if he didn’t clean his room. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 11 11/29/2024 9:34:17 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 11 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
12 Unit 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Proverbs Proverbs are popular sayings. They give advice or explain something which is generally true in a short, clever manner. Proverb Meaning An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Eating an apple a day (or fruits) is good for health. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A friend who helps you when you most need it. Better late than never. Although delayed, it is better to do something than not do it at all. Birds of a feather flock together. People who have the same interests will get together. First come, first served. You will be attended to according to your turn. Honesty is the best policy. It is better to tell the truth than to lie even though you may get a scolding for it. Practice makes perfect. The more often we do something, the better we become at it. Too many cooks spoil the broth. When too many people try to do something, they spoil it. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. Not everyone likes the same thing. People like different things. Don’t judge a book by its cover. Don’t judge a person by his outward appearance. Cut your coat according to your cloth. Live within your means / income. Formative Practice 12 Complete the sentences with the correct proverb. Use the clues given. 1 When we go shopping, my siblings and I always buy different things. My mother says that one m . 2 The hotel looked nice outside. But the rooms inside were not clean. My father said we cannot j . 3 My older sister always wants to buy things she cannot afford. And my mother always tells her, “Dear, cut .” 4 My friends and I like reading and playing word games like Scrabble. We tell ourselves that we are b that fl . 5 The football team always practises dribbling and passing. The coach tells the players that p . 6 Teacher said, “We don’t want many students on this project. No work will be done. As the proverb goes, too many .” 7 My sister always eats an apple in the afternoon. She says it’s her vitamin C. She believes that an . 8 My mother told us not to lie about anything. She wants us to tell the truth. She says h . Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U1 4th.indd 12 11/29/2024 9:34:17 AM Vocabulary 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 12 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
13 Concept Map Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Parts of Speech Punctuation Parts of Speech We can group English words into eight basic types or classes. These classes are called parts of speech. It is important to know these parts of speech as it will help you make good sentences. In addition, you will also learn about tenses, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation. i-THINK Bubble Map Verb Conjunction Adjective Adverb Noun Preposition Interjection Pronoun Parts of Speech Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 13 11/29/2024 9:41:03 AM 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 13 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
14 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Summary of the Eight Parts of Speech Parts of speech Function Examples of words Examples of sentences Verb action or state (to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must EnglishClub.com is a website. I like EnglishClub.com. Noun thing or person pen, dog, work, music, London, teacher, John, town This is my dog. He lives in my house. We live in London. Adjective describes a noun a/an, the, some, good, big, red, well, interesting My dog is big. I like big dogs. Adverb describes a verb, adjective or adverb quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really I was very hungry. My mother quickly prepared some sandwiches for me. She really loves me. Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, they Reeta is my sister. She is beautiful. Preposition links a noun to another word to, at, after, on, but We went to school on Monday. Conjunction joins clauses, sentences or words and, but, or, because I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don’t like cats. Interjection short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence Oh!, Ouch!, Hi!, Well Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don’t know. Nouns A noun is a word that is used to name a person, place or thing. There are many types of nouns. Common Nouns & Proper Nouns Common Nouns Proper Nouns These are general names for people, places and things. e.g. boy, town, boat These are names of people, places and things. It begins with a capital letter. e.g. Maria, Kuala Lumpur, Proton Saga Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 14 11/29/2024 9:41:04 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 14 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
15 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Countable Nouns & Uncountable Nouns Countable Nouns Can be counted e.g. cat, car, apple, table, chair, pen, bag • I have a cat. • She has two bags. Uncountable Nouns Cannot be counted e.g. water, rice, sugar, salt, money, hair, sand, oil, ink, grass • There’s still some water in the jug. • There is much rice in the pot. Countable and uncountable nouns are usually used with words that show amount. • a • an • a few • some • several • plenty of • a lot of • any • many • much • some • a little • any • a lot of • plenty of Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns For the negative, use any. e.g. There aren’t any tickets. For the negative, use any. e.g. There isn’t any money left. Formative Practice 1 Fill in the blanks with ‘much’, ‘a few’, ‘a lot of’, ‘little’ or ‘some’. 1 There is not money left, so we can only buy cheap books. 2 She drinks coffee every day but drinks very little milk. 3 My grandmother eats very rice but fruits and fish. 4 students have not brought their textbooks although the teacher has reminded them many times. 5 Only of us are going on the trip. So, our teachers tell us not to bring any food. Food will be provided. 6 When my father catches fish, he gives to the neighbours. Pronouns Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns are used instead of a place, person or thing that has been stated. They are: I, You, He, She, It, We, They Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 15 11/29/2024 9:41:04 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 15 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
16 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar For example: The boy is running. The boy is sweating. He The girl is reading a book. The girl is on a swing. She This is a puppy. The puppy is eating. It He, She, It are personal pronouns. First Person, Second Person, Third Person Pronouns Singular Plural First person (the person speaking) I we Second person (the person we are speaking to) you you Third person (the person spoken about) he, she, it they Formative Practice 2 Choose the correct answer. Then, fill in the blanks. 1 Abdullah is twelve years old. has four sisters. He His 2 The lady in the blue dress is my aunt. has just arrived from Singapore. Her She 3 That man has been to my house. He brought a box of chocolates. him me 4 Those women are living in my neighbourhood. are housewives. They Them 5 The pupils are making a lot of noise. The discipline teacher is going to punish . him them 6 I don’t like to eat meat and seafood, so take to a vegetarian restaurant. him me first person second person third person I need to tell you about her. ??? Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 16 11/29/2024 9:41:04 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 16 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
17 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Formative Practice 3 Fill in the blanks with the correct pronoun in the brackets. Last week, my family and I went to the airport. (1) (I, We) went there to fetch my aunt who was arriving from New Zealand. (2) (He, She) lives in New Zealand but comes here often to visit (3) (me, us). (4) (Her, She) sons are twelve and ten years old respectively. Both the boys came along with (5) (her, she). It was their school holidays. They love to read as much as (6) ____________ (me, I) do. My parents usually take (7) (we, us) to the National Library. (8) (Us, We) borrow many books from the library. My aunt invited (9) (she, us) to visit New Zealand. My parents said that (10) (she, we) would go there at the end of the year. I am so excited! Adjectives Adjectives are describing words. They describe a noun or a pronoun. For example, they describe people, places, animals and things. Adjectives of Quality They describe the look or quality of a person, place or thing. For example: Young, cute and happy are adjectives. How do we know if a word is an adjective? If it says more about something, it’s an adjective. For example, how do you describe the monkey? It’s cute. This is Comel. It is a young monkey. It is cute. It is a happy monkey. cute young happy Other examples: big, fat, large, small, tall, short, kind, cruel, clever Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 17 11/29/2024 9:41:06 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 17 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
18 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Adjectives of Comparison These adjectives compare people, places, animals and things. They are known as Comparative Adjectives and Superlative Adjectives. Comparative Adjectives • Compares 2 things. • For 1-syllable or 2-syllable words, add -er. e.g. taller, younger, prettier • For 3 or more syllables, add more + than. e.g. more important than more interesting than Superlative Adjectives • Compares 3 or more things. • For 1-syllable or 2-syllable words, add the + -est. e.g. the tallest, the youngest • For 3 or more syllables, add the + most. e.g. the most intelligent the most important Irregular comparatives and superlatives change their form completely. Example Adjective Comparative Superlative good better the best bad worse the worst little less the least much/many more the most well better the best far farther the farthest We use as … as to show a thing is similar to another. An adjective must also be used. Example Joshua is as smart as his sister. as + adjective + as adjective For the negative, use not to show that the thing is not similar. Example Your hair is not as long as mine. adjective not as + adjective + as better good best Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 18 11/29/2024 9:41:07 AM Revisi Pintar EngGrammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 18 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
19 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Formative Practice 4 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjectives. 1 Raman is the (fat) in his family. 2 Who is (old), Abu or Adam? 3 They need the (sharp) pencils ever to draw well. 4 Most children are (happy) playing outside than staying indoors. 5 For the experiment, use a plank with a (rough) surface. 6 This is (expensive) restaurant I have ever been to. 7 Please be (careful) with the eggs than with the apples. 8 This hill is (steep) I have ever climbed. Phew! 9 It was a horrible ghost film. I think I was the (frightened) person in the cinema. 10 “You will have (wonderful) holiday of your life if you join our tour,” said the tour manager. Formative Practice 5 Underline the correct form of the adjectives. 1 This is one of (the worst, worse, bad) books I have ever read. 2 She is so much (good, better, the best) at Maths than her sister. 3 For dessert, I like ice cream (best, better, the best). 4 Who lives (far, farther, the farthest) from school? 5 (Much, More, The most) toys are on the bed than on the floor. 6 Do you think joining the Chess Club is (good, better, best) than joining the English Club? 7 This food smells (bad, worse, worst). Better throw it away. 8 I get (little, less, the least) amount of pocket money in my house. Formative Practice 6 Fill in the blanks with ‘as…as’ or ‘not as…as’. 1 Jefri is Raja. (tall) 2 SK Rembau is SK Tampin. (big) 3 Sheila is just Pamela. (intelligent) Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 19 11/29/2024 9:41:07 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 19 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
20 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar 4 I am you. (not / brave) 5 Today is yesterday. (not / hot) 6 The lion is the cheetah. (not / fast) 7 Our cakes are theirs. (good) 8 The food here is the food there. (not / tasty) 9 Their total marks are ours. (high) 10 My artwork is yours. (not /colourful) Conjunctions Conjunctions are joining words. They join ideas and sentences. Formative Practice 7 Complete the sentences with the correct conjunction given below. and but although or either…or neither…nor because 1 The road was flooded cars could not go through. 2 it was raining, the match was not cancelled. 3 Jack Jill went up the hill with a pail of water. 4 Do you want tea coffee? 5 They are poor kind-hearted. 6 Puan Tan Encik Zul will teach us Maths. 7 Jack Wendy was in the canteen. 8 After the trip, we were all tired happy. 9 my brother I went to the cinema. 10 We stayed home we wanted to play computer games. Formative Practice 8 Complete the sentences with the correct conjunction given below. because so since 1 We quickly closed the windows it was raining heavily. 2 you are taller than me, please put this box on the cupboard. 3 I was tired, I went to bed early. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 20 11/29/2024 9:41:07 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 20 5/12/2024 11:47:33 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
21 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar 4 the talk was boring, I left early. 5 I went to the dentist I had a toothache. 6 The team won, they all got a new pair of track pants. 7 The crowd surrounded the players the team won. 8 “ when were you friends with that rude boy, brother?” Adverbs An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Adverbs tell you how an action is done. Adverb Meaning Examples Adverbs of Time Explain when an action takes place yesterday, last night, tomorrow Adverbs of Place Explain where an action takes place nearby, outside, here, everywhere Adverbs of Manner Explain how an action takes place quickly, slowly, happily Adverbs of Frequency Explain how often we do something always, often, sometimes, seldom, never For further explanation, see pages N13 and N14. Formative Practice 9 Underline the correct adverb to complete the sentence. 1 They left for China (suddenly / usually / speedily). 2 She ate (gently / slowly / quickly) because she had a class. 3 He was tired. So, he slept (soundly / boldly / confidently). 4 The pupils listened (soundly / attentively / noisily) to the teacher. 5 She walked home (quickly / slowly / safely) as it was going to rain. 6 She told her mother (happy / happily) that she won the art contest. 7 Francis spoke (good / well) at the public speaking competition. 8 I worked very (hard / hardly) to pass the exam. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 21 11/29/2024 9:41:07 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 21 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
22 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Formative Practice 10 Choose the most suitable adverb to complete the sentences. quickly nicely beautifully here late yesterday tomorrow quite well now outside seldom 1 “Mother, this chicken curry is delicious!” I said. 2 Hurry up! The film is starting . 3 We all love to play . 4 , they arrived for the meeting. 5 He finished his work and went out to play. 6 She spoke to me just now. We are friends again! 7 My brother swims . In fact, he swims better than me. 8 We go to the market now. We prefer to go to the supermarket. Prepositions A preposition is a word that connects a noun with other words in a sentence. Preposition Meaning Examples Prepositions of Place They say where things are. in, on, beside, between, among, under, over Prepositions of Direction They tell you where things are. up, across, over, from, into Prepositions of Time They tell you about a specific time. at, since, for, during, before, after Prepositions used with means of transport They tell you the way you travel. on a raft, in a boat, on foot, by car For further explanation, see pages N9 and N10. Formative Practice 11 Underline the correct preposition to complete the sentence. 1 Buy your tickets early and travel comfortably (by, on, in) bus. 2 I have never travelled (in, on, by) a raft before. 3 Fishermen go out to sea (in, by, on) a boat. 4 The children go to school (by, on, in) foot. 5 Sorry, I can’t speak to you now. I’m (on, by, in) a bus. 6 My sister works (in, on, at) the evenings. 7 The class is going (in, on, at) a trip this Saturday. 8 My class ends (in, on, at) an hour. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 22 11/29/2024 9:41:07 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 22 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
23 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Formative Practice 12 Choose the best answer from the options given. 1 I sit Maria in class. A on B over C beside D between 2 There is a shelf of books his bed. A on B above C over D between 3 Hurry up! The film will start a few minutes. A at B by C in D on 4 The football match was called because of the rain. A on B up C off D away 5 Mother has gone the market. A from B near C off D to 6 Zarina’s cat is fast asleep her bed. A on B over C across D between 7 They went to the zoo the holidays. A on B in C across D during 8 You have to be back 7 o’clock. A on B in C by D since Tenses i-THINK Brace Map The Present Simple Tense The Present Continuous Tense The Past Simple Tense The Past Continuous Tense The Future Simple Tense The Present Perfect Tense The Past Perfect Tense Tenses The Present Simple Tense The present simple tense is used for the following: Usage Examples For habitual actions • I get up early every day. • He studies every day. To describe feelings and senses • I feel cold today. • The curry is tasteless. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 23 11/29/2024 9:41:07 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 23 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
24 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Usage Examples For instructions and directions • First, sieve the flour. • Turn right at the junction. For facts • The sun sets in the west. • They live in Taiping. To show a future action • The plane arrives tomorrow morning. • They leave for London tonight. We use the present simple tense for a future event which: ✤ is a part of a fixed timetable or schedule ✤ is a fixed appointment ✤ is a known fact For example: Her birthday is on Friday next week. (a known fact) The bus arrives at 8.00 p.m. (a timetable) Subject-Verb Agreement In English, the subject and verb must agree in a sentence. In a nutshell, these are the rules: He / She / It verb + ‘s’ I / You / We / They do not add ‘s’ e.g. He plays football well. e.g. They play football well. Uncountable nouns, collective nouns verb + ‘s’ e.g. There is rubbish all over! e.g. A pride of lions kills a deer. Formative Practice 13 Complete the sentences. Give the correct present tense form of the verb in brackets. It is the season of the Football World Cup. This year, it (1) (be) held in Qatar. My father and brothers (2) (be) crazy over football. Tonight, the match (3) (start) at 2.00 a.m. It is between Qatar and Belgium. In the evening, while my brothers are doing their homework, my father (4) (go) out and (5) (buy) peanuts, bags of chips and bottles of soft drink. My brothers (6) (go) to sleep early, at 9.00 p.m. I’m sound asleep when I suddenly (7) (hear) shouts of “Goal! Goal!”. I (8) (come) downstairs. My mother also (9) (wake) up. We (10) (join) in the excitement. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 24 11/29/2024 9:41:08 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 24 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
25 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar The Past Simple Tense and Past Continuous Tense The past simple tense and the past continuous tense show that an action was done in the past. For the past simple tense, we use was, were or add -d, -ed, or -ied to the end of verbs. This shows the action was done in the past. e.g. He was sick yesterday. (singular) They were sick yesterday. (plural) She danced in the concert. We pulled the chain and broke it. For the past continuous tense, we use was or were + ing to show the action was being done at that time. Form Examples Positive sentence She was studying yesterday. For negative sentences, use not She was not studying yesterday. For questions, change the order of was and the subject. She was studying yesterday. Was she studying yesterday? NOTE: When the verb takes on the -ing form, there are changes in spelling. For the spelling rules, refer to page N12. • Difference between Past Tense and Past Continuous Generally, the past simple tense is used. Sometimes, both tenses mean the same. e.g. The cat slept all day. The cat was sleeping all day. However, sometimes, there is a difference in meaning. e.g. At noon, I was eating lunch. (I was already eating at noon.) At noon, I ate lunch. (I started eating only at noon.) • Using ‘when’ in the past continuous tense When an action in the past is interrupted, we use when. For example: was sleeping… alarm rang I was sleeping when the alarm rang. Past Present – this action was interrupted – is in the past continuous – the action that interrupts – is in the past simple Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 25 11/29/2024 9:41:08 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 25 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
26 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Here are more examples: I was winning the race when I fell down. We were sleeping when the alarm rang. Past tense Remember: WHEN + Past tense • Using ‘while’ in the past continuous tense A past continuous action was happening. Then in the middle of it, a past simple action happened. For example: was away… parcels arrived While I was away, the parcels arrived. Past Present – this action was happening – is in the past continuous – this action then happened – is in the past simple Here are more examples: While I was eating, the doorbell rang. While they were walking, it rained suddenly. Remember: WHILE + Past Continuous Formative Practice 14 Complete the sentences with ‘when’ or ‘while’. 1 she was walking, she tripped and fell. 2 He was running in the canteen he tripped and fell. 3 She was watching TV she heard noises outside the house. 4 It began to rain they were having sports practice. 5 They were walking to the river more friends joined them. 6 The phone rang they were playing outside. Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 26 11/29/2024 9:41:09 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 26 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
27 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Formative Practice 15 Complete the sentences with the correct verb in the brackets. e.g. My sister was cycling (cycle) when it started (start) to rain. 1 My father (drive) the car when a policeman (stop) him. 2 While I (jogging), I (see) a kitten by the road. 3 We (have) dinner when visitors (arrive). 4 We (leave) the library while it (still rain). 5 She (break) the vase while she (clean) the table. 6 The students (talk) when the teacher (walk) into the class. 7 The boys (swim) in the river when they (hear) someone shouting, “Quick, boys! Get out of the river!” 8 While she (look) for her wallet, she (find) her missing library book. The Present Perfect Tense The present prefect tense is used for the following: Usage Examples To talk about experiences • I have been to Bali. (I’ve been) • John has not eaten durian. (hasn’t) To show action in the past but we don’t mention when we did them • I have lost my bag. • He has broken his leg. To refer to an action in the past that is still continuing today • We have lived here since 2000. • She has played the piano since she was five. Positive sentences use has / have + past participle I have seen ghosts before. She has visited Switzerland. For negative sentences, use not use has / have + not / never + past participle I have not eaten strange food. I have never seen an alien! For questions, change the order of has / have and the subject. The word ever is often used She has walked 15 kilometres. Has she ever walked 15 kilometres? Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 27 11/29/2024 9:41:09 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 27 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
28 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Here is a table of some past tense and past participle forms of common irregular verbs. Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle be (is / am / are) was / were been beat beat beaten begin began begun bite bit bit/bitten blow blew blown break broke broken build built built choose chose chosen eat ate eaten go went gone fly flew flown leave left left grow grew grown ride rode ridden sing sang sung sink sank sunk wear wore worn write wrote written Formative Practice 16 Circle the correct answer. 1 Those people come to our house many times. I know them well. A have B hasn’t C haven’t 2 I’m sorry, but I finished my homework yet. A have B hasn’t C haven’t 3 She has cleaned the kitchen but she cleaned the living room yet. A have B hasn’t C haven’t 4 It’s a great film. We seen it many times. A have B hasn’t C haven’t 5 Father: your teacher explained the sums to you? Son: Yes, she , dad. A Has, has B Have, have C Has, did 6 Ah Chong, Ali and Muthu been to Singapore many times. A has B have C haven’t Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 28 11/29/2024 9:41:09 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 28 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
29 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar 7 My sister ridden a bicycle before. She’s afraid she might fall off. A have B hasn’t C haven’t 8 Susie: you finished your lunch yet? Anis: Yes, I . A Has, has B Have, have C Has, did 9 Chong: you all eaten strange food like fried grasshoppers? Samy: No, we . A Has, hasn’t B Have, haven’t C Has, haven’t 10 Our cat never gone missing before. This is the first time! A has B have C haven’t Formative Practice 17 Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the regular verbs in brackets. e.g. I have walked (walk) eight kilometres. 1 I (wash) the clothes. Please dry them for me. 2 I think we (climb) this hill before. 3 Karim (not finish) his project yet. 4 We (cleaned) our room. 5 Mother (cook) your favourite dishes. 6 They (call) for a Grab car. 7 Ouch! The bird (peck) my finger. 8 He (not study) for the exam tomorrow yet. Formative Practice 18 Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the irregular verbs in brackets. Use the past participle. e.g. She has drunk (drink) a lot of fruit juice. 1 My sister (tell) me the good news. I’m so happy for her! 2 She (leave) the gate unlocked again. She is so forgetful! 3 My uncle (go) to India for a holiday. 4 The bell (ring). Let’s go home now. 5 He (not eat) anything since morning. 6 I (not write) a letter to my brother yet. 7 She (not do) her homework. 8 “Sam! You (grow) taller!” said his aunt in surprise. Remember: For regular verbs, add -ed. e.g. walk – walked; I have walked … Remember: Some irregular verbs change form. e.g. eat – ate – eaten I have eaten. Some others do not change form. e.g. leave – left – left Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 29 11/29/2024 9:41:09 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 29 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
30 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar • Present Perfect with ‘ever’ and ‘never’ When to use Example ever Use it in questions. It’s to ask if something has happened to you in your life until now. • Have you ever seen this film? • Have you ever been to Dengkil? never It is used to say that nothing has happened at any time until now. • I have never eaten this ice cream flavour before. • I have never been here before. Formative Practice 19 Complete the sentences with ‘ever’ or ‘never’. 1 Have you been to Bali? 2 No, I’ve been to Bali. I hope to go there someday. 3 They have bought a car before. 4 I’ve tried Thai food before. 5 Has the school badminton team won a game? • Present Perfect with ‘already’, ‘just’ and ‘yet’ Usage Examples already To say that something happened before you expected it A: Don’t forget to sweep the house. B: I’ve already done it, Mum. just To talk about an action that happened a short time ago • I have just finished my homework. We can go out now. • I’ve just eaten dinner. yet Yet means ‘until now’. It is used in questions or in negative sentences A: Have you cleaned your room yet? B: Sorry, Mum. I haven’t done it yet. Formative Practice 20 Complete the sentences with ‘already’, ‘just’ or ‘yet’. 1 Zul has hasn’t come back from the supermarket . 2 Grandma has finished eating her breakfast. 3 Gosh! You have done your sums ? Well done, son! 4 My father hasn’t sold his car , but he wants to sell it soon. 5 “Dad, I have finished tuition class. Can you fetch me now?” Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 30 11/29/2024 9:41:10 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 30 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
31 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar 6 A: Have you signed up for the trip? B: Yes, I’ve done it . 7 You haven’t got out of bed ? It’s already 9 o’clock! 8 I’ve brushed my teeth. So, I won’t eat anything more. The Future Tense with ‘will’ and ‘going to’ Both ‘will’ and ‘going to’ can be used to make predictions about the future. • When to use ‘will’ and ‘will not’ Usage Example 1 To make predictions about the future based on personal opinions or experience • I think it will rain afterwards. (The sky is dark.) • I think we will not win this game. (The other side looks fit.) 2 Express a future fact • The sun will rise tomorrow. • When to use ‘going to’ Usage Example 1 To talk about future plans and intentions • I’m going to the cinema tonight. (I’ve made plans earlier.) • We’re going to visit our grandparents today. (We’ve decided.) 2 To make a prediction based on something we hear and see now • I think it is going to rain. The sky is very dark. • I think I’m going to catch a cold. My throat is sore. Note: Both ‘will’ and ‘going to’ can make future predictions without having a real difference in meaning. e.g. I think it will rain soon. / I think it is going to rain soon. • How to form questions To form questions, change the order of will and the subject. e.g. He will play in the game. Will he play in the game? Change the order of is and the subject. He is going to the mall now. Is he going to the mall now? Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 31 11/29/2024 9:41:10 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 31 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD
32 Unit 2 Grammar Grammar Formative Practice 21 Look at these words. Complete the sentences using ‘going to’. ride eat sit swim do wash clean buy 1 We for our final exams next week. 2 My brother his new bicycle this evening. 3 They a birthday present for their father. 4 It’s so hot. We in the pool afterwards. 5 I my homework after lunch. 6 Father his car afterwards. 7 It its food now. 8 You the whiteboard today. Formative Practice 22 Fill in the blanks with ‘will’ or ‘going to’. 1 you switch on the fan, please? It’s hot in here. 2 He fly to Kuching tomorrow. He has work there. 3 When are we the dentist? 4 Look at the dog running. It’s attack the cat. 5 Who do you think is win the final game? 6 I don’t think there be sports practice tomorrow. 7 Is it rain soon? The sky is not dark! 8 It rain soon. Better take in the clothes. 9 According to the schedule, we be visiting the museum tomorrow. 10 Class, there be a surprise spelling test tomorrow. 11 Are you participate in the competition? 12 I decide who gets to go for the trip. Remember: I ] am She ] He ] is It ] We ] You ] are They ] Revisi Pintar Eng Y6 U2 5th.indd 32 11/29/2024 9:41:10 AM Grammar 1-110_english_T6_MASTER 213X148.indd 32 5/12/2024 11:47:34 AM PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD