Reading and Use of English 45 Unit 2 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Short Texts 45 SPM Practices 52 2.3 Cloze Text 67 SPM Practices 70 2.4 Extended Text 75 SPM Practices 79 2.5 Gapped Text 90 SPM Practices 94 2.6 Matching and Information Transfer 100 SPM Practices 104 Writing 112 Unit 3 3.1 Introduction 112 3.2 Short Communicative Message 112 SPM Practices 116 3.3 Guided Writing 120 Descriptive Essays 120 SPM Practices 122 Formal Letters 123 SPM Practices 125 Argumentative Essays 126 SPM Practices 128 Recounts 129 SPM Practices 130 Letters to the Editor 131 SPM Practices 133 3.4 Extended Writing 134 Articles 134 SPM Practices 137 Reports 139 SPM Practices 142 Reviews 143 SPM Practices 146 Stories 148 SPM Practices 150 SPM Examination Format Bahasa Inggeris CEFR-aligned (1119) iv Grammar 1 Unit 1 1.1 Nouns 1 Practice 1 2 1.2 Collective Nouns 3 Practice 2 5 1.3 Countable and Uncountable Nouns 6 Practice 3 9 1.4 Subject-Verb Agreement 9 Practice 4 11 1.5 Tenses 12 Practice 5 14 Practice 6 16 Practice 7 18 Practice 8 19 Practice 9 20 1.6 Active and Passive Voice 20 Practice 10 22 1.7 Direct and Indirect/Reported Speech 23 Practice 11 24 Practice 12 25 1.8 Modals 26 Practice 13 27 1.9 Gerunds 28 Practice 14 28 1.10 Infinitives 29 Practice 15 29 1.11 Adjectives 30 Practice 16 33 Practice 17 34 1.12 Adverbs 34 Practice 18 37 Practice 19 37 1.13 Prepositions 38 Practice 20 41 1.14 Conjunctions 42 Practice 21 44 Practice 22 44 Contents RS SPM English-Prelims.indd 2 22/03/2024 10:08 AM
Speaking 151 Unit 4 4.1 Introduction 151 4.2 Interview – General Questions 151 4.3 Individuals Long-turn 153 SPM Practices 158 4.4 Discussion 160 SPM Practices 165 Listening 169 Unit 5 5.1 Introduction 169 5.2 Short Dialogues/Monologues 170 SPM Practices 173 5.3 Longer Narrative/Monologue 176 SPM Practices 179 5.4 Matching 182 SPM Practices 184 5.5 Note Completion 186 SPM Practices 189 Literature Component 192 Unit 6 FORM 4 Poem: The Living Photograph 193 Poem: The Charge of the Light Brigade 197 Short Story: Tanjong Rhu 201 Short Story: Leaving 204 Drama: The Right Thing to Do 207 FORM 5 Poem: What Has Happened to Lulu? 210 Poem: A Poison Tree 214 Novel: Dear Mr Kilmer 218 Novel: Captain Nobody 224 Novel: Sing to the Dawn 230 SPM Model Test 235 Listening Script 250 Answers 263 RS SPM English-Prelims.indd 3 22/03/2024 10:08 AM
Parts, Number of Questions and Marks Paper 1 (1119/1) Reading and Use of English Paper 2 (1119/2) Writing Paper 3 (1119/3) Speaking Paper 4 (1119/4) Listening PART 1 Short Texts 8 questions 8 marks PART 1 Short Communicative Message 1 question 20 marks PART 1 Interview 4 questions for each candidate PART 1 3-option Multiple Choice (Short dialogues/ monologues) 7 questions 7 marks PART 2 Cloze Text 10 questions 10 marks PART 2 Guided Writing 1 question 20 marks PART 2 Individual long-turn based on prompts 1 question for each candidate PART 2 3-option Multiple Choice (Longer narrative/ monologue) 8 questions 8 marks PART 3 Extended Text 8 questions 8 marks PART 3 Extended Writing 3 questions (Answer only one) 20 marks PART 3 Discussion 3 questions for both candidates PART 3 Matching (Short monologues) 5 questions 5 marks PART 4 Gapped Text 6 questions 6 marks PART 4 Note Completion (Dialogue/ Interview) 10 questions 10 marks PART 5 Matching and Information Transfer 8 questions 8 marks Time Allocation 1 hour 30 minutes 1 hour 30 minutes 13 minutes 40 minutes Total Marks 40 marks 60 marks 24 marks 30 marks Percentage 25% 25% 25% 25% SPM Examination Format Bahasa Inggeris CEFR-aligned (1119) 24 marks 25% iv RS SPM English-Prelims.indd 4 22/03/2024 10:08 AM
1 UNIT 1 1.1 Nouns Grammar • Names of people, animals, objects and places • Do not begin with capital letters • Examples: book, temple, dog, hospital Common nouns • Specific names of people, animals, objects and places • Begin with capital letters • Examples: Mr Tan, Pahang, Proton, Toshiba • Nouns that can be counted • Can be in singular form or plural form • Examples: pen – pens, basket – baskets, leaf – leaves • Nouns that cannot be counted • Examples: sugar, butter, milk, water • Can be made countable using countable phrases • Examples: Uncountable Noun Countable Form She bought butter at the supermarket. She bought a slab of butter at the supermarket. The old man gave advice. The old man gave a piece of advice. Pass me the ketchup, please. Pass me the bottle of ketchup, please. Proper nouns Countable nouns Uncountable nouns • Nouns that can be observed with our five senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch • Examples: She saw a rainbow in the sky. Mother baked a chocolate cake for tea. The pizza was topped with pineapple cubes and onions. Concrete nouns RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 1 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
2 UNIT 1 Practice 1 Complete the sentences with suitable nouns. 1 He ate some as he was hungry. 2 I saw a from my window. 3 The ingredients to make an egg sandwich are and . 4 Sheela and Mazlita play every evening. 5 The athlete drank some to quench his thirst. 6 I go to school by . 7 She did not turn up for the because her mother was ill. 8 Zamri bought a pair of at the mall. 9 The cat is sleeping in the . 10 My hobby is collecting . 11 Ali was praised for his . 12 is the best policy. • Nouns that cannot be seen or touched in the same way as concrete nouns • Examples: Emotions/Feelings hate, peace, pride, joy, anger, love Quality/Attributes bravery, honesty, skill, beauty, intelligence Ideas/Concepts/Ideals belief, truth, faith, culture, thought Movements/Events progress, leisure, friendship, holiday Abstract nouns RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 2 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
3 UNIT 1 1.2 Collective Nouns Collective nouns are nouns that describe a collection or group of people, animals and things. People a troupe of dancers a troop/regiment of soldiers a team of athletes a board of directors a troop of Boy Scouts a company of Girl Guides a band of musicians a faculty of academicians a gang of labourers a crowd of people a fl ock of tourists a staff of employees a troupe of acrobats a company of actors a class/school of students a trail of followers a party/host of friends a posse of policemen a panel of experts a tribe of natives a panel of judges a bevy of ladies/beauties a gang of prisoners a bench of magistrates a crew of sailors a choir of singers a crowd of spectators a pack/gang of thieves an army of soldiers a staff of teachers a bunch/gang of crooks a band of robbers a caravan of gypsies Animals a swarm of bees/locusts a brood/fl ock of chickens a shoal/school of fi sh a congregation of alligators/ crocodiles a school of dolphins a herd of elephants a gaggle/fl ock of geese a herd of giraff es a litter of kittens/cats a herd of goats a band of gorillas a brood of hens a swarm of butterfl ies a fl ock of camels a quiver of cobras a pod of dolphins a herd of donkeys a fl ight of doves a colony of penguins/rats a herd/troop of kangaroos a parliament of owls a team/herd of oxen a nest/colony of rabbits a muster of peacocks a leap of leopards an army/a colony of ants a fl ock of sheep a drove/herd of cattle a pride of lions a pack of dogs a swarm of fl ies a colony of frogs a herd of deer RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 3 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
4 UNIT 1 a nest of mice a pack of wolves a pack/sleuth of bears a school of whales a nest of snakes a zeal/herd of zebras a bed of oysters a company of parrots a scurry of squirrels an intrusion of cockcroaches a cackle of hyenas a cartload of chimpanzees a fl ight of swallows a herd/stud of horses a troop of monkeys a brood of jellyfi sh a fl ock of birds a herd of buff aloes Things a bale of cotton a bunch/bouquet of fl owers a wealth of information a fl eet of ships/cars/lorries a fl ight of stairs a bundle of rags/fi rewood a pack of cards a chest of drawers a heap of stones a culture of bacteria a pile of rubbish/money a lock of hair a cluster of grapes/ coconuts a bundle of clothes/rags an accompaniment of condiments a stack of wood/hay a block of fl ats a pod of peas a cloud of dust a basket/crate of fruits a batch of bread a kettle of drums a row of trees a convoy of trucks a bunch of keys an album of stamps an anthology of poems a peal of bells a suit of clothes a set of china a library of books a reel of thread/fi lm a comb of bananas a tuft of grass a range of mountains a string of pearls/beads a quiver of arrows a patter of footsteps a pair of shoes a shower of rain a clump of trees a heap of rubbish/ruins an archipelago/a group of islands a constellation of stars a ream of paper a bowl of rice an album of photographs/autographs Scan the QR code or visit https://www. enchantedlearning.com/grammar/ partsofspeech/nouns/collective to read more examples of collective nouns. For educational purposes only RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 4 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
5 UNIT 1 Underline the correct collective noun. 1 Mother walked up the ( fleet / flight ) of stairs slowly because her knees were very painful. 2 While Razif was walking in the forest, he found a ( nest / bunch ) of rabbits. 3 A ( cackle / colony ) of hyenas was happily circling the dead buffalo. 4 The ( staff / crowd ) of teachers attended the conference at Hillview Hotel. 5 A ( troupe / troop ) of Scouts is camping near the waterfall. 6 A ( gang / team ) of labourers worked on the railway line until it was completed in 1955. 7 The ( herd / group ) of zebras drank some water at the lake. 8 One morning, a ( crew / caravan ) of gypsies arrived at the village. QUICK CHECK Practice 2 Complete the sentences with suitable collective nouns. 1 The jewellery shop was robbed by a of thieves. 2 Alif reared a of chickens on his farm. 3 A of soldiers marched at the National Day parade. 4 My cat gave birth to a of kittens. 5 The classical dance was performed by a of dancers from Divine Dance Academy. 6 Jack gave his sweetheart a of roses and a box of chocolates. 7 Our family heirloom is a of china belonging to my great-grandmother. 8 I saw a of ships at Port Klang. 9 The little boy was stung by a of bees because he disturbed the hive. 10 She bought a of grapes and a of bananas at the market. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 5 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
6 UNIT 1 1.3 Countable and Uncountable Nouns Countable Nouns 1 Countable nouns are nouns (people, places, animals or things) which can be counted. 2 They can be in singular or plural forms. Formation of Plural Nouns Study the various ways of forming plural nouns. Description Examples (a) By adding -s pencil – pencils girl – girls cat – cats book – books (b) By adding -es to nouns ending with -s, -ch, -sh, -x glass – glasses tax – taxes patch – patches dish – dishes (c) By replacing -f or -fe with a v and adding -es loaf – loaves knife – knives calf – calves life – lives (d) By adding -s to some nouns ending with -f or -fe chef – chefs café – cafés roof – roofs giraff e – giraff es (e) By replacing nouns ending with -us with an i cactus – cacti fungus – fungi (f) By replacing nouns ending with -um with an a medium – media bacterium – bacteria (g) By adding -e to some nouns larva – larvae pupa – pupae (h) By adding -es to some nouns ending with -o mango – mangoes tomato – tomatoes hero – heroes mosquito – mosquitoes (i) By replacing -y with an i and adding -es baby – babies army – armies ferry – ferries berry – berries RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 6 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
7 UNIT 1 Description Examples (j) By adding -s to some nouns ending with -y toy – toys boy – boys key – keys day – days (k) By adding -s to some nouns ending with -o radio – radios albino – albinos piano – pianos solo – solos (l) By adding -s to some specifi c nouns. Check the unique position of the -s. passer-by – passers-by sister-in-law – sisters-in-law son-in-law – sons-in-law (m) Some nouns remain the same in singular and plural form. sheep – sheep fi sh – fi sh deer – deer salmon – salmon (n) Some nouns are always used in the plural form. a pair of spectacles a pair of pants a pair of scissors a pair of gloves (o) Some nouns have irregular plural forms. foot – feet goose – geese woman – women mouse – mice Uncountable Nouns 1 Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted such as bread, water, air, smoke, wind, rice or lightning. 2 Uncountable nouns can be changed into countable nouns. Your class has been discussing the role of teachers in conjunction with the upcoming Teachers’ Day. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay about your favourite teacher. Uncountable Noun Countable Noun (a) Please fi ll the vase with some water. (a) Please fi ll the vase with a cup of water. (b) My mother went to the grocery shop to buy some rice. (b) My mother went to the grocery shop to buy a packet of rice. (c) Put a little coff ee in my cup. (c) Put one teaspoon of coff ee in my cup. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 7 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
8 UNIT 1 Quantifiers Quantifiers • a • an • a few • some • a lot of • many • several • plenty of • much • a little • any • some • a lot of • a great deal of • plenty of • a large amount of (a) There is a cat on the cabinet. (b) A few of us visited Mariam yesterday. (c) Many spectators cheered for the players although the team was losing. (d) Several policemen surrounded the house last night. (a) We moved some furniture yesterday. (b) A large amount of dust was found under the cupboard. (c) She poured a little coffee into the mug. (d) Dania does not eat much fried food nowadays. Certain quantifi ers can be used with countable and uncountable nouns, e.g. any, some, plenty of, a lot of and more. Grammar Info RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 8 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
9 UNIT 1 Practice 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable quantifiers. There can be more than one answer. 1 Our college receives letters each day. 2 As May had only RM10, she bought fruits. 3 Pete bought equipment from that shop. 4 There is junk in the storeroom. 5 Mary’s mother gave her ringgit days ago but she has already spent the money. 6 They wasted too time waiting for the boys. 7 We just need pieces of paper. We do not have notes to copy. 8 There is hilly land behind my house. 9 Did you see people at the seminar? 10 Only relatives attended the wedding dinner. We had expected to turn up. 1.4 Subject-Verb Agreement A verb must always agree with the subject in a sentence. Rules Examples 1 A singular subject must have a singular verb. (a) The dog barks. singular subject singular verb (b) She passes the exam with fl ying colours. (c) Brian wants to go to the park but Martha prefers to stay home. (d) The little girl helps her father to wash the car. 2 A plural subject must have a plural verb. (a) The babies cry loudly. plural subject plural verb (b) The goats graze in the fi eld. (c) Suzana and her children run to the bus stop. (d) Giraff es have long necks and legs. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 9 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
10 UNIT 1 Rules Examples 3 Uncountable nouns that are singular in meaning take singular verbs. (a) The traffic on this road is heavy. uncountable noun singular verb (b) The milk in the jug is spoilt. (c) Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. (d) Honesty is the best policy. 4 Collective nouns which refer to groups as a whole take singular verbs. (a) The pride of lions roams the jungle. collective noun singular verb (b) The committee decides to organise a camping trip. (c) The crowd of spectators cheers for the athletes. (d) The audience gives a standing ovation for the singer. 5 Singular verbs are used for words such as each, every, everyone, anyone, one, someone, somebody, nobody and anybody. (a) Every parent donates some money. singular verb (b) Each student pays RM10. (c) Nobody comes to the shop anymore. (d) Somebody is responsible for the missing guitar. 6 Singular nouns followed by along with, as well as and together with take singular verbs. (a) Jason, along with his brother, carries the pots. singular noun singular verb (b) Sam, together with his friends, performs a dance. 7 In a sentence with either…or and neither…nor, look at the subject preceding the verb. If the subject is singular, use a singular verb. If the subject is plural, use a plural verb. (a) Either Ben or his sisters have to go for the event. plural plural subject verb (b) Neither Sarah nor John visits their grandmother. 8 Nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning take singular verbs. (a) Physics is a difficult subject. singular verb (b) Mathematics is my favourite subject. (c) She loves gymnastics because it is fun. (d) Measles is an infectious disease. 9 Amount of time or money, distances and numbers that are plural but used as single units must have singular verbs. (a) Three is enough. singular verb (b) Ten miles is a long way to drive. (c) RM50 for this purse is expensive. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 10 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
11 UNIT 1 Practice 4 A Complete the passage below with the correct form of verbs. Anorexics (1) (feel) powerful and in control when they (2) (make) themselves lose weight. Sometimes focusing on calories and losing weight (3) (be) their way of blocking out feelings and emotions. The first thing they (4) (do) each morning (5) (be) to see the number on the scale. This (6) (determine) whether or not they have succeeded or failed in their goal for thinness. Anorexics usually (7) (has) low self-esteem. So hunger (8) (be) strongly denied. However, once they (9) (admit) that they (10) (has) a problem and are willing to seek help, they can be treated effectively through a combination of psychological, nutritional and medical care. (Adapted from www.english.uwosh.edu) B Complete the passage below with the correct form of verbs. All corals (1) (share) two basic structural features with other members of their family group. The first is a gastrovascular cavity that (2) (open) at only one end. At the opening of this cavity, food (3) (be) consumed and some waste products (4) (be) expelled. A second feature is a circle of tentacles which (5) (help) the coral capture and ingest plankton for food, (6) (clear) away debris from the mouth and (7) (act) as the animal’s primary means of defence. The coral (8) (provide) the algae with a protected environment and compound necessary for photosynthesis. These (9) (include) carbon dioxide, produced by coral respiration. In return, the algae (10) (supply) the coral with organic products of photosynthesis. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 11 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
12 UNIT 1 1.5 Tenses Past • Past Simple • Past Continuous • Past Perfect Simple • Past Perfect Continuous • Present Simple • Present Continuous • Present Perfect Simple • Present Perfect Continuous • Future Simple • Future Continuous • Future Perfect Simple • Future Perfect Continuous Present Future Present Simple Usage Examples 1 To show actions that we do always, often or every day. These actions are habitual activities. (a) I visit the orphanage every week. (b) She goes to the playground in the evening. (c) I drink a cup of green tea regularly. (d) She sells her craft at the local market. 2 To express a general truth or fact (a) Lightning travels faster than thunder. (b) The sun sets in the West. (c) Seahorses are the slowest swimmers in the ocean. 3 To state imperatives (a) Stand up straight. (b) Close the door. (c) Switch off the fan before you leave the room. 4 To give instructions (a) Take two pills after meals. (b) Fold the paper in half and write your name. (c) Give this letter to your parents. 5 To give directions (a) Walk along this road and then, turn left. (b) Go straight until you reach the T-junction. (c) Walk straight until you see a café on your left. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 12 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
13 UNIT 1 Present Continuous Usage Examples 1 To describe two actions happening at the same time in the present (a) He is talking on the phone while driving. (b) They are eating while watching television. (c) Ru En is going for a walk while her brother is sleeping. (d) While Rachel is baking the cupcakes, her sister is preparing the icing. 2 To describe an activity that is happening at the moment of speaking (a) It is raining heavily at the moment. (b) We are going to the market now. (c) She is currently writing a mystery novel. Present Perfect Simple Usage Examples 1 To describe an action that has taken place. The exact time the action happened is unknown. (a) I have placed the bags in the locker. (b) She has attended a cake baking class. (c) They have hung the banner at the entrance. 2 For sentences with ‘already’ and ‘yet’ (a) I have already met her teacher. (b) They have already repaired the roof. (c) The little girl has not brushed her teeth yet. (d) I have not collected my results yet. 3 For ‘since’ and ‘for’ statements (a) I have not seen Jack since last month. (b) Aunt Julie has not dropped by for ages. Present Perfect Continuous Usage Examples 1 To describe an activity that started in the past and is continued to the present (a) She has been cooking the whole morning. (Meaning: She is still cooking.) (b) John has been working hard to complete the project. (Meaning: John is still working hard.) 2 For ‘since’ and ‘for’ statements (a) She has been crying since last night. (Meaning: She is still crying.) (b) I have been living in Singapore for 12 years. (Meaning: I am still living in Singapore.) RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 13 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
14 UNIT 1 Practice 5 A Complete these sentences with the present simple tense. 1 June’s sister (eat) a peanut butter sandwich every day. 2 They (watch) a football match after dinner. 3 Rahman (be) the head prefect in his school. 4 Haze (cause) eye inflammation, nasal congestion, skin problems and throat irritation. 5 Siew Lee and Mei Mei (cycle) to the park every evening. B Fill in the blanks with the present continuous tense of the verbs given in brackets. 1 David and his band (perform) on stage now. 2 As she (dry) the clothes, her puppy (pull) them down from the line. 3 Nadia (sew) a new cotton baju kurung at the moment. 4 Sue (read) while her brother (play) with his toy train. 5 The girls (leave) for the competition now. C Now, try this! Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous tense. 1 Deepa (cook) a variety of dishes the whole morning. 2 It (snow) for the past few days. 3 My sons (burn) the midnight oil to prepare for the final exams. 4 Mr Siva (hold) the post of president for the past two years. 5 A: Where have you been all this while? B: I (travel) all over Europe. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 14 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
15 UNIT 1 Past Simple Usage Examples 1 To describe actions or activities that happened at a defi nite time in the past (a) I ate some muffi ns just now. (b) Amar went to the barber last week. (c) Yesterday, she walked and walked until her legs ached terribly. 2 To describe completed activities or actions (a) The student packed the books in huge boxes. (b) He went to the book store and bought a dictionary. (c) The dogs barked continuously the whole night. 3 To describe past facts that are no longer true (a) Jerry used to be a timid child, but now he is bold and brave. (b) Did you walk to school when you studied in Tapah? (c) He didn’t like durians before. Past Continuous Usage Examples 1 To describe an action that was going on at a given period or point of time in the past (a) I was baking the whole day. (b) The herd of cows was grazing in the fi eld. (c) The students were painting the mural yesterday. 2 To describe an action or activity that was going on in the past in the middle of another past activity (a) When he dropped by my house, I was reading. (b) Lynn was watering the plants when it started to rain. (c) While Sarah was walking back from school, she found a wallet. 3 To describe two actions that were going on at the same time in the past (a) While he was bathing, he was singing. (b) The dog was barking while I was talking to the salesman. Past Perfect Simple Usage Examples To describe a past action that was completed before another action. Use had + past participle of verb. (a) After I had fed the dogs, I went home. (b) Before he migrated to Australia, Rizal had worked as a computer programmer. (c) She had never tasted nasi lemak before she visited Malaysia. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 15 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
16 UNIT 1 Past Perfect Continuous Usage Examples To describe a sustained activity in the past. Use had been + verb + -ing. (a) Mrs Meena had been looking after the two girls before she migrated to Canada. (b) She had been studying at the university before her mother’s death. (c) He had been reading a science fi ction novel all morning. Practice 6 A Complete these sentences with the past simple tense. 1 Anita (put) the vase on the table after arranging the flowers. 2 My father (see) an accident between a car and a motorcycle. 3 Adam (go) home early this afternoon as he had to look after his mother. 4 My aunt (buy) some chocolates and a handbag at the duty-free shop. 5 Brian (want) to give us a treat and (pay) for our tickets. B Complete the sentences with the past continuous tense or the past simple tense of the verbs given in brackets. 1 My eldest brother (fall) while he (play) squash. 2 The children (play) in the living room when the lightning (strike). 3 The maid (cut) her finger while she (chop) the onions. 4 Janet (drive) along the highway when she (see) a herd of buffaloes crossing the road. 5 While the gardener (trim) the bushes, the maid (sweep) the compound. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 16 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
17 UNIT 1 C Complete the sentences with the past perfect continuous tense or the past simple tense of the verbs in brackets. 1 Maniam had lost a lot of weight because he (exercise) every day for 30 minutes. 2 The maid (work) for three years before she decided to quit. 3 They (live) in that house before they moved to the city. 4 Jayden (buy) his meals from that restaurant before discovering a fly in his soup. Future Simple Usage Examples 1 Use will + verb to describe future actions or activities (a) He will bring the present. (b) My friend will tell me soon. (c) I will explain my story after returning to Malaysia. 2 Use going to + verb to describe future actions that are planned/sure to happen (a) Look out! He’s going to crash! (b) The bomb is going to explode! (c) She is going to further her studies. (d) Zack is going to buy a birthday gift for his father. Future Continuous Usage Examples Use will be + verb + -ing to describe planned activities at a near point in the future. These activities are expected to happen in a short while. (a) He will be attending the meeting. (b) We will be going to the hospital. (c) The train will be arriving shortly. Future Perfect Simple Usage Examples Use will have/shall have + past participle form of verbs to describe an action that will be completed within a given time (a) She will have reached Batu Gajah by 7 p.m. (b) They shall have completed the dance rehearsal before lunch. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 17 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
18 UNIT 1 Future Perfect Continuous Usage Examples Use will have been/shall have been + verb + -ing to describe an action which will be happening over a period of time that will end in the future (a) I shall have been working in that company for six years. (b) Madam Julie will have been teaching for 20 years in an international school. (c) By noon, Mohan shall have been studying for four hours. Practice 7 A Rewrite the sentences with the future continuous tense of the verbs in brackets. 1 My sister (receive) her exam results next week. 2 Mr Thomas (retire) in June. 3 Puan Habibah (bake) a cake tonight. 4 She (celebrate) her birthday tomorrow. 5 The couple (tie) the knot on Valentine’s Day. B Complete the sentences with the future perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets. 1 They (migrated) to France by next month. 2 Susan and Paul (enrol) in Kolej Warisan by June. 3 My father (retire) by August this year. 4 Mariam and James (move) into their new home by early next year. 5 I (hand) in my assignment by tomorrow. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 18 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
19 UNIT 1 Practice 8 Complete the text below with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. All this while, humans (1) (show) creativity in designing clothes to deal with practical needs. Examples (2) (include) spacesuits, winter clothing, armour, diving suits, swimsuits and protective clothing. We also (3) (decorate) our bodies with make-up or cosmetics, perfume and other accessories. Although modern people (4) (take) clothing for granted, making the fabrics that go into clothing (5) (have) a long history. The first industry to be mechanised during the Industrial Revolution (6) (be) the fabric industry. From then on, people (7) (develop) methods for making textiles. The early method was draping the cloth. People (8) (wear), and are still (9) (wear) garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit. The cloth (10) (remain) uncut and people of various sizes can wear the garment. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 19 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
20 UNIT 1 Practice 9 Complete the story below with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. That morning, Meghan got up early. Her decision to leave home (1) (make) her stronger. She quickly (2) (pack) her bags. For the first few days, she (3) (have) nowhere to go. At night, she (4) (sleep) on the staircase of a block of apartments. This she (5) (can) only do after the residents (6) (go) to bed. Meanwhile, Mr Robert (7) (feel) very worried about his daughter. He (8) (check) with her teachers, classmates, friends and relatives. On the sixth day, someone (9) (knock) on the door. It was his neighbour, Radzi, who came to inform Mr Robert that he (10) (see) Meghan at the playground. 1.6 Active and Passive Voice 1 The passive voice is used more in writing such as in newspapers, magazines, and scientific or technical writing. 2 We form the passive voice by using the verb to be + a past participle. 3 Study the examples given. Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice 1 Present Simple She mops the fl oor. The fl oor is mopped by her. (If the verb is in the simple present form, the passive verb is is mopped.) 2 Past Simple Halim drew the picture. The picture was drawn by Halim. (If the verb is in the simple past form, the passive verb is was drawn.) 3 Present Continuous Helen is reading a book. A book is being read by Helen. (If the verb is in the present continuous form, the passive verb is is being read. You must add the word being.) RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 20 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
21 UNIT 1 Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice 4 Past Continuous The nurse was bathing my mother when I went to visit her. My mother was being bathed by the nurse when I went to visit her. (If the verb is in the past continuous form, the passive verb is was being bathed. Add the word being.) 5 Present Perfect Simple He has completed the task. The task has been completed by him. (If the verb is in the present perfect form, the passive verb is has been completed. You must add the word been.) 6 Past Perfect Simple Lim had handled many big projects before he became a project manager. Many big projects had been handled by Lim before he became a project manager. (If the verb is in the past perfect form, the passive verb is had been handled. Add the word been.) 7 Past Perfect Continuous Mrs Karuna had been baking a variety of cakes and bread at home for more than 10 years before she opened her own bakery. A variety of cakes and bread had been baked by Mrs Karuna for more than 10 years before she opened her own bakery. (If the verb is in the past perfect continuous form, the passive verb is had been baked.) 8 Future Simple (using will) The lady will return the book. The book will be returned by the lady. (If the verb is in the simple future form – using will, the passive verb is will be returned.) 9 Future Simple (using going to) Sheila is going to make a beautiful pearl necklace. A beautiful pearl necklace is going to be made by Sheila. (If the verb is in the simple future form – using going to, the passive verb is is going to be made.) 10 Future Perfect Simple John will have completed his project before the given deadline. The project will have been completed by John before the given deadline. (If the verb is in the future perfect form, the passive verb is will have been completed. Add the word been.) 11 Future Perfect Continuous By May, she will have been painting the picture for two months. By May, the picture will have been being painted by her for two months. (If the verb is in the future perfect continuous form, the passive verb is will have been being painted.) RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 21 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
22 UNIT 1 Practice 10 The following sentences are written in the active voice. Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice. 1 The company will hold an exhibition next week. 2 A hit-and-run driver knocked down an old man just now. 3 Miss Lee is teaching all the science subjects. 4 You have to write your name at the top-right corner of the form. 5 My aunt insured her jewellery for fifty thousand ringgit. 6 This restaurant provides good service. 7 The assistant manager was interviewing my brother. 8 The students are inventing a solar-powered vending machine. 9 The strong boy has carried those boxes to the room. 10 The police must arrest the gang of robbers soon. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 22 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
23 UNIT 1 1.7 Direct and Indirect/Reported Speech 1 Direct speech is the exact words of the speaker. Start the speech with a capital letter. Use a comma, full stop, exclamation mark or question mark before the closing quotation mark. Grammar Info (a) John asked, “Where were you last night?” (b) I replied, “I was at home.” (c) “Are you hungry?” asked Mark. (d) She shouted, “I’m here.” (e) They said, “We want these books.” 2 In direct speech, we have to use opening and closing quotation marks for the speech. The punctuation of the speech is important. 3 When we report the words of the speaker, we use indirect/reported speech. In indirect speech, the tense, pronoun, time and place may change. Direct Speech Indirect Speech (a) John asked, “Where were you last night?” John asked where I was the night before. (b) I replied, “I was at home.” I replied that I was at home. (c) “Are you hungry?” asked Mark. Mark asked if I was hungry. (d) She shouted, “I’m here.” She shouted that she was there. (e) They said, “We want these books.” They said that they wanted these books. Note: When reporting a direct question to an indirect question, the order of some verbs usually changes. Direct Speech Indirect Speech (a) Kylie: “Where is she?” Kylie asked me where she was. (b) Rayson: “Do you know Ted Hanson?” Rayson asked me if I knew Ted Hanson. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 23 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
24 UNIT 1 4 When reporting commands and requests using tell or ask, we use the infinitive ‘to.’ Direct Speech Indirect Speech (a) My mother ordered us, “Go to bed!” My mother ordered us to go to bed. (b) He said, “Sit down.” He told me to sit down. (c) “Please wait,” she said. She asked me to wait. 5 When writing indirect/reported speech, make these changes as shown below. Direct Speech Indirect/Reported Speech Direct Speech Indirect/Reported Speech eat ate last night the previous night am eating was eating next month the following month have eaten had eaten I he, she will eat would eat my his, her can/may eat could/might eat we they now then our their today that day this that yesterday the previous day / the day before these those tomorrow the next day here there Practice 11 Change the direct speech to indirect speech. 1 Jay asked his sister, “When will the train arrive?” 2 “Don’t walk along the lonely alley,” her mother warned them. 3 “Go and do your homework now!” my father shouted at me. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 24 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
25 UNIT 1 4 He ordered his staff, “Write your report and submit it to me by 6 p.m.” 5 The man asked, “Adam, are you driving the van today?” 6 My friend asked me, “Have you bought the flowers?” 7 “Place the books on the shelf!” he told the boys. 8 She said, “James and I will be moving to London next year.” 9 The police shouted at the men, “Put down your weapons and stop fighting!” 10 The lady asked the girl, “Where are you going now?” Practice 12 Change the following sentences to direct speech. 1 Kate said she had to work overtime that night. 2 The boy replied that he had forgotten to bring his bag. 3 Marilyn and her sister said they were going to attend a meeting. 4 Henry told Mary to go home and cook dinner first. 5 I instructed my brother to switch off the lights and go to bed. 6 My mother told us that she went out and bought a fruit cake. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 25 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
26 UNIT 1 7 The men said that they had to repair the roof first before painting the walls. 8 My teacher asked us if we could go to the hall later. 9 Lucy told her sisters that she was unable to join them for a movie that evening. 10 Keith commented that it was going to rain soon. 1.8 Modals 1 Modals are verbs that are used for various purposes. 2 Examples of modals are can, may, might, must, should, could, would, ought to, have to and need to. Usage Examples 1 To express the ability to do or perform something (a) John can ride a horse well. (b) He could speak fluently in Tamil. (c) I will study hard for the final exams. 2 To express certainty/ uncertainty/probability (a) The boys may go to the party tonight. (b) They might attend the function later. (c) She could have given a reason for her delay. 3 To express requests/ask for permission (a) May I borrow your pencil? (b) Could you carry the box? (c) Would you switch on the fan, please? 4 To express obligation/duties Must and should are used to state duties and things that have to be done. (a) You must complete your assignment before the deadline. (b) We should obey school regulations. 5 To make suggestions The modals could, ought and might are commonly used to make suggestions. (a) You could ask John to lend you the money. (b) We ought to have asked her permission before proceeding. (c) She might be able to go shopping if her mother babysits her children. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 26 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
27 UNIT 1 Practice 13 Circle the correct answer. 1 you pass me the pepper and salt, please? A Should C Must B Could D May 2 I told Janet I sew her uniform. A can C might B must D have to 3 I speak to your father? A May C Must B Will D Might 4 you give me your opinion on this report? A Have to C Could B Should D May 5 you show me the way to the museum? A May C Must B Will D Could 6 you like to have dinner with me tonight, Sue? A Would C Will B May D Can 7 Yes, I love to. What time you pick me up? A can, must C may, might B would, can D should, can 8 The boy go to bed early. He has to set off at 6 a.m. A can C might B must D could RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 27 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
28 UNIT 1 1.9 Gerunds 1 Gerunds are verbs that are formed by adding -ing to the verbs, for example, run + -ing = running, read + -ing = reading, sew + -ing = sewing. 2 Gerunds are commonly used to describe hobbies and activities. Usage Examples 1 As the subject of a sentence (a) Jogging makes you fi t and healthy. (b) Living in the city is expensive. 2 As the object of a sentence (a) I like making handicrafts. (b) Julius loves reading mystery novels. 3 As the object of prepositions such as in, after, about, for, of, at and on (a) She is good at drawing diagrams. (b) They talked about buying a new car. Practice 14 Fill in the blanks with the gerund of the verb in brackets. 1 I remember Orlando and his brother at the seminar. (meet) 2 Nellie keeps on that she is right. (insist) 3 They burst out during her speech. (laugh) 4 We continued to convince the girls. (try) 5 is bad for your health. (Overeat) 6 Have you considered your old house? (paint) 7 Mark was fined for on the highway. (speed) 8 The principal scolded Rizal for the class. (disturb) 9 social work can make a tremendous difference in people's lives. (Do) 10 to the fire victims fund is a good way of showing kindness and compassion. (Donate) RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 28 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
29 UNIT 1 1.10 Infinitives Infinitives are formed by using to + verb, for example, to + go = to go, to + eat = to eat, to + run = to run. Usage Examples 1 As the subject of a sentence (a) To bake the muffi ns, you need fl our, butter and eggs. (b) To paint the walls, you need paint. 2 As the object of a sentence We usually use infi nitives after like, do, have, ought, hope and want. (a) I want to sing. (b) I hope to go scuba diving at Sipadan Island. 3 After be, have and need (a) You are to stay at home today. (b) You have to study for your test. (c) Grandpa Alex needs to go for his medical check-up. 4 After too and enough (a) The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. (b) She is clever enough to answer all the questions. 5 Infi nitives after adjectives Certain adjectives are followed by infi nitives. These adjectives usually describe a person’s feelings or attitudes. List of adjectives followed by infi nitives: • boring to • lucky to • dangerous to • important to • easy to • relaxing to • fortunate to • safe to • glad to • wrong to • happy to (a) I am happy to pass my driving test. (b) The children were excited to visit the zoo. (c) Annie was lucky to see Jane before she left for Hong Kong. Practice 15 Circle the correct answer. 1 My father is thinking of a new notebook for my birthday. A buying C buys B to buy D buy 2 Nicole has her mother about waking her up the next morning. A reminding C reminds B to remind D remind RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 29 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
30 UNIT 1 3 The maid has sandwiches for all the guests. A to prepare C prepared B preparing D prepares 4 We were told till he walked through the arrival lounge. A waits C waited B to wait D waiting 5 Sue remembers all the house doors. A lock C locked B to lock D locking 6 We need a way to solve this difficult problem. A find C to find B finds D finding 7 Larry and his brother insist on for the meal. A pay C to pay B pays D paying 8 The man kept on at the beautiful lady. A stare C staring B stares D to stare 1.11 Adjectives 1 Adjectives are descriptive words that tell us more about the nouns. 2 Adjectives can be used before a noun or after a non-action verb (is, was, are, were). Usage Examples Before a noun (a) The pretty lady bought a bouquet of fl owers. (b) An old man sat on the bench at the park. (c) The woman brought her sick child to the clinic. After a non-action verb (a) The girls were tired after a long day. (b) Adrian was rude. He refused to greet his relatives at the wedding. Position and Adjectives 1 We can use multiple adjectives in a sentence to describe someone or something. 2 When using multiple adjectives in a sequence, you must follow the correct order of adjectives. 3 The proper order of adjectives is listed below with examples for each category. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 30 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
31 UNIT 1 D – Determiner – a, an, the, many, some, both O – Observation/Opinion – dull, pretty, good S – Size – tall, long, gigantic S – Shape – oval, triangular, pentagonal A – Age – young, antique, old C – Colour – yellow, bright, faded, blackish O – Origin/Nationality – Greek, Chinese, Canadian M – Material – cotton, metal, silver D Determiner the an some the a O Opinion expensive delicious S Size small big S Shape square A Age antique new C Colour blue black red O Origin Asian Indian M Material sapphire glass teak wooden ring bowl furniture blouse cuisine box QUICK CHECK Can you identify the DOSSACOM in the following sentences? 1 I have a pair of beautiful, heart-shaped diamond earrings. 2 My aunt is a tall, slim 40-year-old Italian woman. 3 There is a cute, little orange kitten sitting under the mango tree. 4 Sheela was wearing a pretty blue and green saree at the annual dinner. 5 A few dirty stray dogs were roaming in our neighbourhood. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 31 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
32 UNIT 1 Comparison of Adjectives We need to use different forms of comparison when comparing two or more nouns. Adding ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ 1 Comparing two nouns Add -er to the original adjectives to form comparative adjectives. 2 Comparing three or more nouns Add -est to the original adjectives to form superlative adjectives. Adjective Comparative Superlative busy busier than the busiest clean cleaner than the cleanest lazy lazier than the laziest clever cleverer than the cleverest fast faster than the fastest big bigger than the biggest rich richer than the richest high higher than the highest near nearer than the nearest Adding ‘more’ and ‘the most’ 1 Comparing two nouns Add more before the original adjectives to form comparative adjectives. 2 Comparing three or more nouns Add the most before the original adjectives to form superlative adjectives. Adjective Comparative Superlative patient more patient the most patient brilliant more brilliant the most brilliant intelligent more intelligent the most intelligent beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous peaceful more peaceful the most peaceful RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 32 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
33 UNIT 1 Adjectives that change in form Adjective Comparative Superlative good better best bad worse worst many more most far farther farthest far further furthest little less least Practice 16 Complete the text with suitable adjectives. There may be more than one answer. A person who is a role model to me is Madam Joyce Leong, my English teacher. There are many reasons why she is my role model. First, she is always kind and (1) . She always listens to what we have to say. At the end of each lesson, she takes the time to listen to our opinions and ideas. Second, she makes learning English (2) . It does not matter whether we are in a (3) classroom or in a (4) hall. Somehow, she has many ideas to keep us (5) throughout the lesson. Besides fun, her lessons are also (6) . She also tells us to take part in class activities. Through these activities, we learn to be (7) and do things together. She also shares her life experiences with us. Madam Joyce Leong is indeed an (8) teacher. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 33 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
34 UNIT 1 Practice 17 Fill in the blanks with adjectives formed from the words in brackets. 1 The man shouted at his children. (anger) 2 Everyone likes Brian because he is . (help) 3 My friend’s uncle is a businessman. (success) 4 There are many snakes in the jungle. (poison) 5 This hall is making me sneeze non-stop. (dust) 6 We have to write a essay about a beach resort. (describe) 7 I am looking at the lady sitting over there. (attract) 8 We have to stay indoors during days. (rain) 9 The murder case is very . (mystery) 10 I hate that sister of yours. (self) 1.12 Adverbs Adverbs are used to describe or modify verbs, adjectives, clauses or another adverb. Adverbs Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Place Adverbs can be formed from adjectives. Examples: Adjectives Adverbs untidy untidily careful carefully proud proudly Grammar Info RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 34 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
35 UNIT 1 Types of Adverbs Examples Adverbs of Manner – describe how actions are performed. They are usually placed after the verb that they modify but some adverbs are placed before the verb. Examples slowly, beautifully, well, cruelly, angrily, happily (a) She has the habit of doing her work neatly. (b) He hurriedly packed his bags and left. (c) They carefully walked on the canopy walkway. Adverbs of Time – describe when the actions are done. They can be placed before or after the verb. Examples now, late, early, instantly, presently, recently, lately, temporarily, yesterday, since (a) I have to see them immediately. (b) Suzy will be returning to her hometown soon. (c) I have recently become a vegetarian. Adverbs of Frequency – tell us how often the actions are done. They are placed before the verb. Examples never, seldom, always, regularly, usually, frequently, hardly, occasionally (a) He has never been to London. (b) We always keep in touch through email. (c) I hardly go to that restaurant anymore. Adverbs of Place – tell us where the actions are done or taking place. They are usually placed after the verb or clause that they modify. Examples here, there, everywhere, somewhere, nowhere, near, far (a) There are piles of rubbish everywhere. (b) Please put your bags here before entering the examination hall. (c) He is nowhere to be seen. Adverbs of Degree – tell us the degree of how the actions are done or taking place. They are placed before the verb or adjective that they modify, though there are some adverbs that are placed after the verb or adjective. Examples completely, thoroughly, certainly, definitely, surely, absolutely, only, almost, rather (a) I definitely agree with the girls. (b) They will surely attend their daughter’s convocation ceremony. (c) Mrs Liew is reading the loan agreement thoroughly. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 35 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
36 UNIT 1 Comparison of Adverbs Adverbs have three degrees of comparison. One-syllable adverbs We add -er and -est for comparison. Adverb Comparative Superlative far further/farther than the furthest/farthest fast faster than the fastest late later than the latest near nearer than the nearest soon sooner than the soonest Adverbs ending with ‘-ly’ We use more to the original adverbs to form comparative adverbs and most to form superlative adverbs. Adverb Comparative Superlative angrily more angrily most angrily carefully more carefully most carefully clearly more clearly most clearly tightly more tightly most tightly quietly more quietly most quietly Adverbs that change in form Adverb Comparative Superlative well better best badly worse worst little less least RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 36 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
37 UNIT 1 Practice 18 Complete the story below with suitable adverbs. There may be more than one answer. Groaning and grumbling, I washed myself at a nearby tap. Then, I walked (1) to the classroom. As I was (2) late, the science lesson had already started. Miss Ong was writing (3) on the whiteboard. She looked at me and asked (4) , “What happened to you? Go and sit down!” (5) the bell rang for recess. As I was (6) hungry, I ran (7) to the canteen. Not seeing a girl walking in my direction, I (8) knocked into her. Her drink spilled (9) on the floor. As I was hungry, I did not bother to apologise. However, I did look at her (10) . Practice 19 Complete the story below with suitable adverbs. There may be more than one answer. Having made the decision to take the mobile phone, Keith took the handphone and (1) put it in his school bag. Then, he took Mary’s hand and led her out of the café (2) Outside the café, he ran to his bicycle. Once back home, Keith locked his house door (3) with trembling hands. Inside his room, he took out the piece of beauty and touched it (4) . He liked it so much. Soon, he was polishing it (5) . But Mary was (6) upset. She told him, “Keith, you cannot keep the handphone. It doesn’t belong to you.” Then she saw a house phone number on the plastic cover of the handphone. It was written (7) . “This phone number must be the girl’s phone number. Why don’t we just call this number (8) ? We will talk to her and ask her to come and get her handphone.” RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 37 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
38 UNIT 1 1.13 Prepositions 1 We usually use prepositions before nouns or pronouns. 2 They show time, place, position, direction and manner. Prepositions of Time Preposition Usage at at 6 o’clock; at noon before before 1995; before the incident; before 1 o’clock during during the holidays; during recess in in March; in 2003 since since last week; since 6 o’clock; since the incident from from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.; from Monday to Friday until until 6 o’clock; until the event Prepositions of Place and Direction Preposition Usage at at home; at fi rst; at the stall above above my head; above the roof among among the trees; among the children against lean against the tree; go against the system; decide against something below below the sea; below eighteen; below the ceiling for for them; for a year; for a reason from from Ipoh to Melaka; from morning to night; from Ahmad in in the room; in Malaysia; in a hurry; in danger into pour into a glass; go into the room; jump into the pool; crash into the wall of plenty of; a tin of; half of; most of; full of RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 38 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
39 UNIT 1 Preposition Usage through through the hole; go through; through experience to to town; next to; to someone under under the bridge; under the fan; under repair up up the hill; up the tree; up the steps along along the road; along the corridor; along the beach; along the river between between two buildings Prepositions of Manner Preposition Usage by by car; by heart; by the hour with with my parents; with a smile; with diffi culty on on foot in in a car; in a deep voice Prepositions of Purpose or Reason Preposition Usage in order to do something in order to so that do something so that for do something for a reason Prepositions of Association Preposition Usage between between the two girls; between the two choices among among the group; among the students; among themselves RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 39 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
40 UNIT 1 Prepositions of Verb Combinations 1 Certain prepositions go with certain verbs. You have to be familiar with these verbs. 2 Here is a list of verbs which go with certain prepositions. into of to for pour into put into go into crash into change into made of approve of clear of complain of dispose of listen to reply to talk to belong to connect to look for wait for beg for wish for mistake for at about down with arrive at laugh at throw at stare at think about write about tell about talk about lie down go down put down burn down stay with play with quarrel with work with in among against from confi de in increase in join in involve in invest in divide among share among quarrel among hope among live among fi ght against play against lean against rebel against compare against come from run from escape from hide from choose from Prepositions of Adjective Combinations 1 Certain prepositions go with certain adjectives. 2 Look at the list of adjectives which go with certain prepositions. with at from to angry with (person) clever with busy with sick with angry at (action) good at weak at surprised at safe from diff erent from absent from separate from common to equal to impossible to diffi cult to for of about in diffi cult for good for ready for fi t for suitable for tired of good of fond of capable of jealous of happy about worried about confused about annoyed about excited about interested in disappointed in famous in RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 40 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
41 UNIT 1 Practice 20 Circle the correct answer. 1 The boys and girls were walking the main hall. A at C to B in D on 2 Put the box of books carefully the table. A at C on B in D by 3 The students went to the club foot. A against C with B along D on 4 Put the pen your pocket before you forget. A inside C at B on D to 5 They are meeting us the food court. A by C at B on D of 6 My brother is leaving London Sunday. A for, in C to, at B for, on D to, on 7 Ali and his friends cycled the hill great speed. A to, on C up, with B up, by D down, at 8 The girls like to take walks the beach night. A on, in C down, on B along, at D along, by 9 Place the vase flowers next the table lamp. A of, to C of, on B on, to D off, by 10 You must have confidence whatever you do. A at C on B in D under RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 41 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
42 UNIT 1 1.14 Conjunctions 1 We use conjunctions to join words, groups of words, and sentences. 2 Conjunctions can be categorised into coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions Examples and (a) She bought butter, eggs and fl our to bake a cake. (b) We love to play badminton and tennis at weekends. but (a) Janet is thin but her sister is fat. (b) I would like to visit them, but it would be a tiring journey. or (a) Do you want the white sneakers or the red ones? (b) The students had the choice of joining one society or two sports activities. so (a) Helen is kind to everyone, so we all like her. (b) My father’s car had a puncture, so I took the bus to town. for (a) She went to the shopping mall for she wanted to buy a few things. (b) They fell asleep very fast for they were exhausted. yet (a) The trip to the planetarium was educational yet tiring. (b) David knew I did not like Jane, yet he invited her to the party. nor (a) My mother did not want to go, nor did my sister. (b) She does not eat chicken nor fi sh. Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating Conjunctions Examples because/since/as (a) I was angry because he broke my vase. (b) My brother is broke every month since he overspends. (c) As he is our friend, we forgave him. when/while (a) I saw the accident when I was jogging. (b) The maid was ironing the clothes while watching television. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 42 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
43 UNIT 1 Subordinating Conjunctions Examples although/though/ even though (a) Although he is short-sighted, he refuses to wear spectacles. (b) Though the man is old, he is strong. (c) Even though it is raining, he goes out without an umbrella. if (a) If I see Doris, I’ll tell her the news. (b) I will buy two sets if you give me a discount. unless (a) We cannot help the girls unless they listen to us. (b) I will not join the camp unless you come along with me. despite (a) We played football despite the rain. (b) That boy is mature despite his age. Paired/Correlative Conjunctions Paired/Correlative Conjunctions Examples either ... or (a) Either you do as we say or you will be punished. (b) You can choose either the toy car or the badminton racquet. neither ... nor (a) Neither the teachers nor the students attended the party. (b) Neither Anne nor her sister won a prize in the competition. both ... and (a) Both my sister and my brother are here. (b) Both my son and my daughter are going to college. not only ... but also (a) My brother is not only good in playing the piano but also an excellent drummer. (b) The house for rent not only comes with a furnished living room but also two water heaters in the bathrooms. whether ... or (a) I was contemplating whether to stay home or attend the function. (b) Whether you choose Activity A or Activity B, you have to pay a registration fee of RM300. so ... that (a) Leena was so elated to see her newborn baby that she cried. (b) He was so disappointed with his exam results that he did not talk to anyone. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 43 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
44 UNIT 1 Practice 21 Join the two sentences using suitable conjunctions. 1 She went to the bakery. She bought a few loaves of bread. 2 The old woman lives in a hut. The old woman is happy. 3 The final exams were around the corner. The students were constantly revising their lessons. 4 The little boy was unhappy. The little boy did not have enough food to eat. 5 Do you like cycling? Do you like hiking? Practice 22 Complete the text with suitable conjunctions and connectors. Try not to use the same word twice. Nutrition is the key to a healthy life. (1) , you need to eat a lot of fruits and vegetables. (2) , avoid cholesterolrich foods. (3) , take time to prepare your meals properly (4) make sure you include plenty of vitamin-rich vegetables in every meal. Lifestyle is a huge factor too. (5) you have access to at least an hour of sunlight every day, you can count on having acne, oily skin and hair, poor complexion and depression. (6) , work stress is definitely bad for health. Come up with a timetable for your daily schedule. It should be one that is not only easy to manage (7) also one to push down the pressure on your work. (8) you are happy, you will certainly be healthier. Regular exercise is one of the most reliable predictors of successful weight management. (9) to weight management, physical activity is associated with improved mood, self-esteem and overall fitness. RS SPM English-Unit 1.indd 44 22/03/2024 10:10 AM
169 UNIT 5 5.1 Introduction 1 The SPM Bahasa Inggeris (1119/4) Paper 4 tests listening skills. 2 The duration of Paper 4 is 40 minutes. 3 Paper 4 makes up 25% of the SPM Bahasa Inggeris (1119) papers. 4 SPM Bahasa Inggeris (1119/4) Paper 4 has four parts – Short Dialogues/ Monologues, Longer Narrative/Monologue, Matching and Note Completion. Guidelines and Tips 1 Each audio will be played two times. Before the audio is played for you to listen, read all the questions for the respective part. 2 As you read the questions, you will be able to make up the key words that may be able to help you to answer the questions. Therefore, underline or circle the key words for you to focus on when you listen to the audio. Part 1 and 2 1 For Part 1 and 2, as you are able to get the answer while listening during the first time the audio is played, circle your answer from the options given. Do not waste time listening to the entire audio to answer the questions as you might forget the answers. 2 When you have done as mentioned in the tip above, you may use the time when the audio is played for the second time to check your answers. You also use the time to listen to the audio again carefully to answer questions that you were not sure of and questions that you left out during the first listening. Part 3 1 As Part 3 consists of matching the statements to the respective speakers, basically you have to listen carefully to who spoke about what. There will be seven statements listed (A – G) from which you have to choose only five of them to match them to the right speakers (Speaker 1 – Speaker 5). 2 Before you are told to listen to the audio, read all the seven statements given and underline/circle the key words that would help you to focus on the important aspects in the audio. 3 Similar as to what have been mentioned earlier, listen carefully to the audio during the first listening and write the number that corresponds to the letter indicating the speaker. Listening RS SPM English-Unit 5.indd 169 25/03/2024 10:06 AM
170 UNIT 5 4 Use the time when the audio is played for the second time to check your answers and answer questions that you are not sure of. Part 4 1 In Part 4, listen carefully to the audio as it will be the longest text in Paper 4. 2 Read the incomplete passage given before the audio is played. Take note that you have to fill in the blanks given with only one word each. Therefore, as you read the sentences, you would be able to know the information that you are supposed to focus on while listening. 5.2 Short Dialogues/Monologues 1 This section appears in Part 1 of the SPM Bahasa Inggeris (1119/4) Paper 4. 2 In this part, seven short monologues or dialogues will be played. 3 You must answer seven questions based on the audios. 4 Before the audio is played, you will get a chance to read through the questions first. Read the questions and study the answer options given carefully. 5 Listen carefully when the audio is played and circle the best answer (A, B or C) as you listen. 6 This section carries 7 marks. Part 1 (Questions 1 to 7) For questions 1 to 4, choose the correct answer (A, B or C). You will hear each recording twice. Answer all the questions. Listening Script: Question 1 You hear Jim talking about shifting to a new house with his twin brother. We were excited. Finally, after months of cleaning and packing, my brother and I were moving into our new home. When the lorry arrived, we helped the big, burly movers carry the lighter boxes to the van. The movers carried the heavy stuff like the sofa and cupboards. Finally, we were on our way to our new home. We did not have to share a room anymore. 1 According to Jim, they moved house A by themselves. B with the help of movers. C without their parents’ help. RS SPM English-Unit 5.indd 170 25/03/2024 10:06 AM