Local Curriculum Grade 8

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;/+ Ifs – gu/ kd| v'
>L /fd]Zj/ >]i7 – gu/ pkkd| v'

>L lgd{nf yfkf

;Nnfxsf/
>L k?' iff]Qd ;fksf]6f, kd| 'v k|zf;sLo clws[t

>L /fdaGw' ;j' ]bL, kd| 'v lzIff clws[t

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8f= bof/fd >]i7
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ljifoj:t' ;Dkfbg
>L x]d/fh vltj8f -kf7\oqmd ljsf; clws[t_ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]G›, ;fgf]l7dL eQmk/' .

efiff ;Dkfbg
>L pld{nf 9sfn -clws[t_ dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf, nlntk/' .

sDKo6' / l8hfOg n]cfp6
>L ;Gtf]if kf]v/]n -;"rgf kl| jlw clws[t_ dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf, nlntk/' .

k|fSsyg

lzIff k"jf{wf/sf] klg k"jf{wf/ ePsfn] of]Uo, bIf / g}ltsjfg\ dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;sf nflu
lzIffsf] k4lt / ljifoj:t' JolQm, /fi6« / ;dfhsf] cfjZostf cgs' "n xg' 'kb{5 . PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf]
lzIffn] JolQmdf dfgjLotf, g}ltstf, ;xsfo{ Pjd\ ljZn]if0ffTds lrGtgh:tf ;Lkx¿sf] ck]Iff ub{5 .
1fg / k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t sfdsf] ;+;f/ g} cy{tGqsf] k|d'v ;+jfxs If]qsf ¿kdf cufl8 b]vf kl//x]sf]
jt{dfg ;Gbe{df Psftkm{ cGt/f{li6«o k|lt:kwf{df v/f] pqg ;Sg] ljifout bIftf cfjZos k5{ eg] csf{tkm{
cfˆgf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ / ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ klxrfg u/L To;nfO{ cfly{s / ;fdflhs d"Nosf ¿kdf ljsf;
ug{;Sg] sf}zn / ;f]r cfjZos kb{5 . pk/f]Qm tYox¿nfO{ dWogh/ u/L ljBfyL{x¿df cfˆgf] :yfgLo
;+:s[lt, efiff, 1fg, ;Lk, ;Dkbf / cfly{s ;Defjgfx¿sf] af]w u/fO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg kf| Kt ug]{ cj;/sf ¿kdf
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–*_ sf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f u/L dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] o;} z}lIfs ;q,
@)&& af6 sfof{Gjogdf NofO;s]sf] 5 / pQm kf7\oqmdn] nlIft u/]sf ;Ifdtfx¿ xfl;n ug{ ;xh xf];\
eGg] x]t'n] klxnf] r/0fdf sIff ! / * sf] kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
nlntk/' lhNnfsf] P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts Pjd\ ko{6sLo dxŒj / ;Defjgfo'Qm o;
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / ef}uf]lns nufotsf ljljwtfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . t/
gu/kflnsfleq cWooog/t ljBfyL{x¿ o;sf] dxŒj / jf:tljstf;Fu kl/lrt xg' ] cf}krfl/s k4lt /
dfWodsf] cefj lyof] . ljBfyL{x¿ ljifout Pjd\ ;}4flGts 1fgdf lgk'0f eP tfklg cfˆgf] ;+:s[lt /
k|s[lt;Fu ;fIffTsf/ u/L ckgTj u|x0f ug{ ;s]gg\ eg] JolQm kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{ of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg]
b]zk]|dL gful/s aGg g;Sg] tYo xfdL ;fd' /x]sf] 5 . x/]s b[li6n] ;DefjgfoQ' m o; gu/kflnsfsf g]kfnL
/}yfg] 9fsf, >[Ë Clifn] tk:of u/]sf] kljq P]ltxfl;s :yn, P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts gu/ n'e', l;l4k/'
h:tf ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ cf}krfl/s dfWodaf6 k':tfGt/0f u/L ;+:yfut ug{ ;d]t o; kf7\oj:td' f ;dfj]z
ePsf ljifoj:t'x¿ pkof]uL xg' ] ck]Iff /x]sf] 5 .
kf7\ok:' ts lgdf{0fdf gLltut dfu{bz{g ug]{ JolQmTjx¿ n]vsHo"x¿, ljifoj:t' ;Dkfbg u/L
;xof]u ug{x' 'g] kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]G›sf lj1 x]d/fh vltj8f efiff ;Dkfbg ug{'xg' ] pld{nf 9sfn, sDKo6' /
l8hfOg ug{x' g' ] ;Gtf]if kf]v/]n, lzIff, o'jf tyf v]nsb' zfvfsf sd{rf/Lx¿ nufot k|ToIf / k/f]If
of]ubfg lbgx' g' ] ;a}df gu/kflnsf xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 . cGTodf o;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf
b]lvg] q'l6x¿ cf+}NofO{ lg/Gt/ kl/dfh{g / ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0f / ;'emfjx¿ k|bfg ul/lbg'xg' ;DalGwt
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df gu/kflnsf xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf, nlntk'/

ljifo;'rL

PsfO !M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro
kf7 !M ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt===========================================================================!–#
kf7 @M :yfgLo wfld{s :ynx¿, hfqf, rf8kj{, ;Dkbfx¿===========================================$–&
kf7 #M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld==================================================*–(
kf7 $M j8f ;ldlt, gu/ sfo{kflnsf / gu/ ;ef==================================================!)–!#

PsfO @M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf k|fsl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿ / jftfj/0f
kf7 !M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿========================================!%–!^

PsfO #M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] ko6{ g / cflys{ lqmofsnfkx¿
Kff7 !M :yfgLo ko{6g ljsf;sf ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLx¿==============================================!*–!(
kf7 @M :yfgLo ;Lk, k];f / Joj;fo k|j4{gdf ;db' fo / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfsf] vf]hL=======@)–@!

PsfO $M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] ef}lts kj" fw{ f/ ljsf;sf ;Defjgf / rg' f}tLx¿
kf7 !M lzIff / :jf:Yo=============================================================================@#–@^
kf7 @M oftfoft / vfg]kfgL========================================================================@&–@*
kf7 #M pBf]u tyf snsf/vfgf, s[lif tyf kzk' fng / ko{6g======================================@(–#@

PsfO %M hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk / dfgj dN" odf cfwfl/t lzIff
Kff7 !M ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b'¿kof]u, o;sf] ke| fj / aRg] pkfox¿==============================#$–#^
Kff7 @M Bullying lj?4 k|lt/f]w / ;zStLs/0f cleofg=========================================#&–#(
Kff7 #M xfdf| ] ;d'bfo / gu/kflnsfk|lt xfdf| ] st{Jo / hjfkmb]lxtf================================$)–$#
kf7 $M ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf;================================================================$$–$&
Kff7 %M ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] dxŒj / pkof]u=========================================================$*–$(
Kff7 ^M cfTdljZjf; / lg0f{o lng ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;=========================================%)–%@
kf7 &M :yfgLo ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] cEof; -Simulation Drill_==============================%#–%^

PsfO ^M :yfgLo kl/sf/, dlxgfjf/L :jf:Yo / ljBfno jftfj/0f
kf7 !M dlxgfjf/Ldf xg' ] unt ;+:sf/sf] lg/fs/0f=================================================%*–^!
kf7 @M s/];faf/L / sf};L v]tL====================================================================^@–^%
kf7 #M :yfgLo :t/df v]/ hfg] j:t=' ==============================================================^^–^(

PsfO &M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿, ljBdfg cj;/x¿, ;d:ofx¿,
r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿

kf7 !M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf s[lif / jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx¿====================================&!–&%
kf7 @M ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yfn] dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg========================&^–&(

PsfO M !
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro

kf7 ! M efu} fl] ns cjl:ylt
kf7 @ M :yfgLo wflds{ :ynx¿, hfqf, rf8kj{, ;Dkbfx¿
kf7 # M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] P]ltxfl;s ki[ 7el" d
kf7 $ M j8f ;ldlt, gu/ sfo{kflnsf / gu/ ;ef

kf7 – !
ef}ufl] ns cjl:ylt

g]kfndf & k|b]z, && lhNnf, ^ dxfgu/kflnsf, !! pkdxfgu/kflnsf, @&^ gu/kflnsf /
$^) ufpFkflnsf ljBdfg 5g\ . tLdWo] afudtL k|b]zcGtu{t nlntk'/ lhNnfdf ! dxfgu/kflnsf,
@ gu/kflnsf / # ufpFkflnsf /x]sf 5g\ . o;} lhNnfdf kg]{ dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf xfd|f] gu/kflnsf
xf] . o; gu/kflnsfsf] k"j{df sfe]|knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] dfg]bf]efg, blIf0f / klZrddf nlntk'/
dxfgu/kflnsf / uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsfsf] l;dfgf sd{gfzf vf]nf, pQ/df xg'dGt] / dgf]x/f vf]nf, eQmk'/
lhNnfsf] dWok/' l7dL gu/kflnsf / ;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsf kb{5g\ .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] gS;f
o; gu/kflnsfnfO{ !) j8fdf ljeflht ul/Psf] 5 . o; gu/kflnsfsf d'Vo
a:tLx¿ M s_ Odf8f]n, v_ 6LsfynL, u_ l;l4k'/, 3_ n'e' / ª_ nfdf6f/ xg' \ . gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 1

b]lv $ ;Dd Odf8f]n If]q, j8f g+ % / & df 6LsfynL / rfËfynLsf If]q, j8f g+ ^ df l;l4k'/ If]q, j8f
g+ * df ne' ,' lj;08f]n, rl;8f]n, z+vfb]jL / j8f g+ ( / !) df nfdf6f/ If]q cGtu{t 7"nf3/, nfdf6f/,
Hofs6f, l;:g]/L cflb kb{5g\ .
of] gu/kflnsf nueu @&)!*Æ b]lv @&)^@Æ k"jL{ b]zfGt/ / *%)@)Æ b]lv *%)@^Æ pQ/L
cIff+zdf cjl:yt 5 . o; gu/kflnsfsf] If]qkmn @^=%! j=ls=ld= / hg;ª\Vof ^@,!&@ -hgu0fgf
@)^* cg;' f/_ /x]sf] 5 . o; gu/kflnsfsf] clwstd prfO ;d'b|L ;txb]lv sl/a @@%) ld= prfO /x]sf]
n7\7 eGHofª cf;kf; sf]6 8fF8fdf /x]sf] / Go"gtd prfO sl/a !#)) dL= prfOdf /x]sf] sd{gfzf vf]nf /
dgf]x/f vf]nfsf] ;ª\ud:yn /x]sf] 5 . nfFs'/L eGHofªsf] prfO !(&) dL= df /x]sf] 5 . o;
gu/kflnsfsf] k"j{kl§ cUnf kxf8x¿ /x]sf 5g\ eg] klZrdtkm{ ;dy/ x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .

gu/kflnsfsf] efu} f]lns agf6]
o; gu/kflnsfsf] gf/f æ:jR5, ;kmf, ;d4[ , ;G' b/ – dxfnIdL gu/Æ xf] .

2 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ M
s= g]kfndf ============= k|b]z / ============= lhNnf 5g\ .
v= g]kfndf ============= dxfgu/kflnsfx¿, ============= pkdxfgu/kflnsfx¿ / =============

gu/kflnsfx¿ 5g\ .
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf ============= lhNnfdf kb{5 .
3= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+ ! b]lv $ ;Dd ==================== If]q k5{ .
ª= nfFs/' L eGHofªsf] prfO =================== /x]sf] 5 .

@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] ;xL pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf dV' o :yfgx¿ sg' sg' xg' \ <
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf slt j8fx¿ 5g\ <
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] xfnsf] k|d'v / pkkd| 'vsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
3= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] If]qkmn / hg;ª\Vof slt xf] <
ª= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] clwstd / Go"gtd prfO sg' sg' 7fpFdf k5{ <
r= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] kd| v' gf/f s] xf] <

#= kl/of]hgf sfo{
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ejg / cfk"m a;]sf] j8fsf] j8f sfof{nosf] cjnf]sg ed| 0f u/L

To; sfof{nodf eO/xg] ljleGg lqmofsnfk / ;]jfsf] hfgsf/L ;ª\sng u/L To;sf] kl| tj]bg sIffdf
k:| t't ug{'xf];\ .
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] gS;f sf]/L dV' o d'Vo :yfgx¿ gS;fdf b]vfpgx' f];\ .

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 3

kf7M @
:yfgLo wfld{s :ynx¿, hfqf, rf8kj,{ ;Dkbfx¿

wfld{s :ynx¿
g]kfndf lxGb", af}4 / cGo wd{;Fu ;DalGwt wfld{s :ynx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . dxfnIdL
gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf d'Vo wfld{s :ynx¿df ;df| 6 czf]sn] agfPsf] elgPsf] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf
kfFr :t'kx¿ dWosf] Ps Ujfsf]{ y"/ xf] . To:t} cGo kf| rLg ;Dkbfx¿df Odf8f]n r}To, ne' ' l:yt >L
dxfnIdL, >Ldxfe}/j dlGb/ x'g\ . Odf8f]nsf] r}To lnR5jLsfnLg r}To xf] eg] >L dxfnIdL >L dxfe}/j
dlGb/ eg] dNNfsfndf ag]sf] xf] . /fhf xl/x/ l;+x dNNfn] of] dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf xg' \ . of] dlGb/ gf}
cf]6f kL7;lxt lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . oxfFsf cGo ljz]if ;Dkbfx¿df uf]ef| 6]Zj/ dlGb/,
dNn/fhfn] :yfkgf u/]sf] l;l4k/' sf] u0f]z dlGb/ klg x'g\ .

kf| s[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] nfdf6f/ l:yt nfFs/' L eGHofª / ;"of]{bosf] ;'Gb/ b[Zo
b]lvg] rfkfvs{ kf| s[lts ;Dkbfsf gdg' f xg' \ . uf]bfj/L gbL, sd{gfzf gbL, n'e' vf]nf, ltNk' vf]nf o;
gu/kflnsfsf hn ;Dkbfx¿ xg' \ . o; gu/kflnsfsf cGo k|Voft wfld{s :ynx¿df j}zfv z'Sn cIfo
t[tLofsf] lbg d]nf nfUg] dftEj :yfgsf] dxŒj w]/} /x]sf] 5 . eujtL dlGb/ -n'e'_ s[i0f k|0ffdL dlGb/
-Odf8f]n_, efb| zS' n k~rdL -Clif k~rdL_sf] lbg d]nf nfUg] ne' 's} uf}>[Ë tLy{, 6LsfynLsf] lzj dlGb/,
nfdf6f/sf] sf]6 8fF8f, >[ª\u]/L 8fF8f, / Ps l;ª ePsf >[Ë Clifn] tk:of u/]sf] >[ª\u]/L :yfg -h;sf]
gfpFaf6 l;:g]/L gfd /xg uPsf]_, af;'sL gfu:yfg / sfdw]g' u'kmf cflb /x]sf 5g\ .


dxfnIdL–dxfe/} j dlGb/ s[i0f k|0ffdL dlGb/ -Odf8f]n_ czfs] :tk' f, Ujfsf]{

4 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

hfqf / rf8kj{x¿
>L dxfnIdL / >L dxfe}/j hfqfM
kT| o]s jif{sf] j}zfv zS' n cIfo t[tLofsf]
lbgb]lv PsfbzLsf] laxfg;Dd u/L * lbg;Dd
ne' 'df of] hfqf dgfpg] ul/G5 . klxnf] lbg
d"Mof, j}zfv z'Sn ci6dLsf] lbg ;/sf/L k"hf
/ cf7f}F lbgdf clGtd lbgsf] k"hf u/]/ of] hfqf
;dfkg ul/G5 . d"Mofsf] lbg ;a} ne' 'jf;Lx¿n]
k"hf u/]kl5, clGtd k6s rGbj' f-Onf_ u'7Lsf] tkm{af6 k"hf ul/G5 / To;kl5 /fHosf] tkm{af6 lgol' Qm
ePsf eG;f/Ln] uª\uf dxf/fgLsf] x's'd eg]/ cgd' lt lbPkl5 hfqf ;'? ul/G5 . hfqfdf ;Dk"0f{ ne' 'jf;L
;a} hghflt, & d"n ysfnLx¿ / pxfFsf lnDxx¿, >LdxfnIdL dxfe}/j u'7Lsf u7' Lkfnx¿ / u7' Lof/x¿
;+nUg x'G5g\ .

ufe] f| 6]Zj/ dxfbj] hfqf M kT| o]s jif{sf] j}zfv zS' n cIfo t[tLofsf] lbg / dª\l;/ zS' n k"l0f{dfsf] lbg
u/L b'O{ k6s n'e'df of] hfqf dgfpg] ul/G5 .

u0f]z, dxfsfn e/} j / afnsd' f/Lsf] hfqf M kT| o]s jif{sf] j}zfv ;ª\qmflGtsf] lbgb]lv tLg lbg;Dd
l;l4k/' df >L u0f]z, dxfsfn e}/j / afnsd' f/Lsf] hfqf x'G5 .

dtof M ;d|f6 czf]sn] sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf
:yfkgf u/]sf kfFr r}Tox¿ dWo]sf] Odf8f]nsf]
Ujfsf]{ y/' Ps xf] . k|To]s jif{sf] efb|s[i0f låtLofsf]
lbgdf kf6gdf ul/g] bLk hfqf -dtof_ df ;+nUg x'g]
;a} ofqLx¿n] o; r}Todf kl/qmdf ug{] k|rng 5 ;fy}
k|To]s jif{sf] efb| zS' n / s[i0f kIfsf] dlxgf lbgel/
-uF'nf_ laxfg ;a]/} kl/qmdf ug]{ rng 5 .
o; afx]s cGo hfqf Pjd\ kj{x¿df u0f]z, a4' eujfg\ lng hfg], kfgL dfUg], bz}F / ltxf/,
l;7L gMvM -s'df/ ifi7L_, oMd/L kG' xL, u0' fL kG' xL -/IffaGwg_, u7]dª\un, s[i0f hfqf, xf]nL / r}t] bz}F
x'g\ .

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 5

rf8kj{ dgfpgdf u'7Lsf] e"ldsfM
ufpF a:tLdf /x]sf rf8kj{x¿ Jojl:yt ¿kdf dgfpg Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf] xG' 5 .
Tof] ;d"xsf] gfd / ;d"xdf a:g] kT| o]s JolQmx¿sf] JolQmut / ;fd"lxs lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] xG' 5 . To;
;d"xnfO{ u'7L gfdn] lrlgG5 . u'7Ln] s'g cfo:tfaf6 To:tf rf8kj{ rnfpg] eg]/ klg pNn]v ul/Psf]
x'G5 . u'7L e/Lsf u7' Lof/x¿ dWo]af6 ;a}eGbf a9L pd]/sf] JolQm ysfnL -u7' Lsf] k|dv' JolQm_ sf] ¿kdf
5gf}6 ug]{ rng 5 . pgsf] u7' L Joj:yfkgdf lg0ff{os e"ldsf /x]sf] xG' 5 . u7' Lsf lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog ug{
u'7Lkfnx¿nfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf] xG' 5 .

u'7Lx¿n] rf8kj{ rnfpFbf sDtLdf aif{sf] Ps k6s ef]hsf] cfof]hgf klg ub{5g\ . ef]hsf]
cfof]hgf ubf{ u'7Ln] ug{k' g]{ sfo{x¿df ljutsf] ;dLIff ug{'sf ;fy} cfpFbf lbgx¿df ug{'kg]{ sfo{ / tL
sfo{x¿df b]lvPsf rg' f}tLx¿ s;/L kf/ nufpg] eGg] 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ul/G5 . tL u7' Lx¿n] hfqf,
kj{h:tf wfld{s Pjd\ ufgf, ahfgf, afhf, gf6s, kx| ;gh:tf ;f+:s[lts / hGdFbf ul/g] sfo{sf cltl/Qm
dbf{–kbf{ db' f{ p7fpg], bfx;+:sf/ ug]{, ljrf/ hfg] cflb ;+:sf/sf sfo{x¿ u5{g\ .

o:tf u'7Lx¿ ;/sf/, /fhf, /hf}6f, ;fx,' dxfhg, gfos tyf JolQmut tj/af6 ;d]t :yfkgf u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . u7' L rnfpg hUuf, 3/ / cIfo sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xG' 5 . u'7LnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sf]if,
efF8fsF'8f / hgzlQmsf] klg Joj:yf ul/Psf] xG' 5 . hfqf u7' L, ;ª\qmflGt u'7L, gjdL u7' L, b;}+ u'7L, d[To'
;+:sf/ jf ;L u7' L, >Lk~rdL u7' L cflb oxfF k|rlnt u'7Lsf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ .

rf8kj{ dgfpgdf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfM
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] gu/kflnsf If]qleq kg]{ n'e,' l;l4k/' cflb :yfgdf x'g] hfqfx¿sf] d'Vo
lbgdf labf lbg] u/]sf] 5 . To:tf hfqfdf gu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 ljleGg cfly{s / ef}lts ;xof]u ul/g'sf
cltl/Qm ljz]if k"hf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm k/Dk/fut k"hfsf nflu /sd lgsf;f, cGo lgdf{0f
;xof]u, dd{t, ;Def/ / ;+/If0fsf nflu ah]6sf] Joj:yf klg ul/Psf] xG' 5 ;fy} ef}lts / cef}lts
;Dkbfx¿sf] ljsf;;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] :yfgLo kf7\oqmddf klg oL ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z
u/L cWofkg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .

6 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpF eg'{xf];\ M
s= gu/kflnsfsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] ;Dkbf ========================= xf] .
v= dxfnIdL / dxfe}/jsf] hfqf ========================= n] rnfPsf x'g\ .
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] kf| s[lts eGHofªsf] gfd ========================= eGHofª xf] .
3= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf d'Vo u/L uf]bfj/L, n'e' vf]nf, sd{gfzf / ========================= 5g\ .
ª= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] >[ª\u]/L uk' mf ========================= df k5{ .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] ;xL pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .
s= ne' 'df >LdxfnIdL / >Ldxfe}/jsf] hfqf s'g ltlydf ;?' x'G5 <
v= l;l4k/' -;fgf ufpF_ df s'g sg' b]jtfsf] hfqf ul/G5 <
u= Ujfsf]{ y/' s;sf] kfnfdf ag]sf] xf] <
3= j}zfv z'Sn cIfo t[tLofsf] lbg d]nf nfUg] tLy{:ynsf] gfd s] xf] / of] sxfF k5{ <
ª= uf]ef| 6]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ sg' :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 <
r= rf8kj{ hfqfx¿ dgfpg] cfly{s ;|f]t s] s] x'g\ <
5= rf8kj{ hfqf dgfpg :yfgLo ;/sf/ -gu/kflnsf / j8f sfof{nox¿_ sf] e"ldsf s] s:tf] /x]sf]

x'G5 <
h= hfqf / rf8kj{ dgfpg s] s:tf JolQm / ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutf /xG5 <

#= kl/ofh] gf sfo{
s= n'ed' f j}zfv z'Sn cIfo t[tLofsf] lbg ;?' x'g] >L dxfnIdL dxfe}/jsf] hfqfsf] / j}zfv z'Sn

ci6dLsf] lbg x'g] ;/sf/L k"hfsf] cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ / cfk"mnfO{ nfu]sf ljrf/x¿ ;d]6L Ps n]v tof/
kfg{'xf];\ .
v= nfFs/' L eGHofªsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ cjnf]sg ug{ e|d0f ug{'xf];\ / cjnf]sgsf cge' j ;d]6L uLt jf
sljtf tof/ kf/L sIffdf k:| tt' ug{x' f];\ .
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] s'g} Ps wfld{s :ynsf] kmf]6f] jf lrq ;ª\sng ug{'xf];\ ;f] :ynsf] af/]df
ljleGg tYo;d]t ;ª\sng u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 7

kf7M #
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] Pl] txfl;s k[i7e"ld

n'e' If]qsf] uf]bfj/L gbLsf] cf;kf;df km]nf k/]sf] k|fs\P]ltxfl;s
9'Ë] ou' sf] xltof/ xfn /fli6«o ;ª\ux| fnodf /flvPsf] 5 . uf]e|f6]Zj/
dxfb]j, >L dxfnIdL / >L dxfe}/j nufot ## sf]6L b]jLb]jtfx¿sf]
jf;:yfg ePsfn] ;j' 0f{ 5q -g]kfn efiffdf nF' Dx"_ r9fO / If]qkfn
e}/jåf/f ;+/lIft If]qsf] ¿kdf dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfnfO{ lng] ul/G5 .

>L dxfnIdL / >L dxfe}/jsf] dlGb/ nlntk/' lhNnfsf]
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf j8f g+ * sf] ne' d' f /x]sf] 5 . kf6g ;x/sf] k"jL{
e]u vf;u/L Odf8f]n, 6LsfynL, l;?6f/, l;l4k'/, ne' ,' rl;8f]n,
lj;g8f]n, 8fF8fyf]s, zª\vfb]jL, l;:g]/L, la?jf, ufDrf, afnsf]6,
rv{08L cflb :yfgsf dflg;x¿sf] wfld{s cf:yf / ljZjf;sL O{i6b]
jLsf] ¿kdf o; dlGb/nfO{ kl' hFb} cfPsf]n] o;sf] P]ltxfl;s dxŒj /x]
sf] 5 .

;+=of]uLgfysf] …b]jdfnf j+zfjnLÚ -@)!# k[=;+=!@&_ df
sflGtk/' sf /fhf lzjl;+x dNnsf sfG5f÷5f]/f xl/x/l;+x dNnn]
kf6gdf /fhk|ltlglw eP/ /fhsfh rnfpFbf g]kfn ;+jt\ &)& j}zfv
-lj=;+=!^$# lt/_ ;Gtfgsf] /Iff xf]cf];\ eg]/ ne' u' f| d agfO{ tfd|kq u/L
cfF>L kzk' ltgfysg kL| lt u/L r9fP eg]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

To:t} ne' s' f] hfqf af/]df 8f= sfn{ k|:' rsf] …sf7df8f}+ EofnLÚ gfds k:' tsdf /fhf xl/x/l;+x
dNnn] n'ed' f >L dxfnIdLsf] kL7 :yfkgf u/L hfqf ug]{ rng rnfPsf lyP eg]/ n]lvPsf] 5 . pgsf
lktf lzjl;+x dNnsf] d[To'kl5 pgsL wd{kTgL u+ufdxf/fgL kf6gaf6 n'e' a;fOF ;/]sL lyOg\ . oxL
P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldnfO{ dxŒj lbFb} g]kfn ;/sf/n] lj=;+= @)&!÷)*÷!^ ut] ;fljs Odf8f]n, l6sfynL,
l;l4k'/, ne' ' / nfdf6f/ u/L % uf=lj=;= ldnfP/ o;} dlGb/sf] gfdaf6 dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] gfds/0f
ul/Psf] lyof] .

8 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpF eg'x{ f];\ .
s= ne' 'sf] k'/fgf] gfd ===================== xf] .
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf ;fljssf ===================== cf]6f uf=lj=;=x¿ ldnfOPsf 5g\ .
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] gfd ================== df /x]sf] dxfnIdL dlGb/sf] gfpFdf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] .
3= lzjl;+x dNnsL wd{kTgL u+ufdxf/fgL ===================== af6 ne' ' a;fOF ;/]sL lyOg\ .
ª= 8f= sfn{ k':| rsf] k:' tsdf ===================== n] ne' 'sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] pNn]v kfOG5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] ;xL pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ .
s= ne' s' f] :yfkgf s;n] / slxn] u/]sf x'g\ <
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf sg' s'g uf=lj=;=x¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ <
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] lyof] <
3= n'ed' f cjl:yt >L dxfnIdL / >L dxfe}/jsf] dlGb/sf] P]ltxfl;s dxŒjdfly k|sfz kfg{x' f];\ .

#= Kfl/ofh] gf sfo{ M
s= g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ;ª\u|xfno, 5fpgLdf /x]sf] ne' 'sf] 9'Ë] xltof/sf] cjnf]sg ug{x' f];\ / To;;Fu ;DalGwt

tYo l6kf]6 u/L sIffdf k|:tt' ug{'xf];\ .
v= ne' d' f /x]sf tLg cf]6f If]qkfn e}/jsf] cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ / ltg;Fu ;DalGwt tYo l6kf]6 u/L sIffdf

k|ltj]bg k:| tt' ug{x' f];\ .
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf dV' odV' o :yfgx¿ Odf8f]n, l6sfynL, l;l4k/' , ne' ' / nfdf6f/sf] ;x/L

If]q / P]ltxfl;s If]qx¿sf] cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ / ToxfFsf] a:tL / k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf ;d]6L Ps k[i7sf]
n]v tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 9

kf7 M $
j8f ;ldlt, gu/ sfok{ flnsf / gu/ ;ef

:yfgLo tx
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ n] g]kfn /fHosf] d"n ;+/rgf ;ª\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L
tLg txsf] xg' ] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf xfn & kb| ]z / &%# cf]6f :yfgLo txx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
&%# cf]6f :yfgLo txdWo] ^ cf]6f dxfgu/kflnsf, !! cf]6f pkdxfgu/kflnsf, @&^ cf]6f
gu/kflnsf / $^) cf]6f ufpFkflnsf /x]sf 5g\ . xfdL gu/kflnsfdf a:b5f}F . xfdf| ] gu/kflnsfsf] gfd
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf xf] . of] gu/kflnsf nlntk'/ lhNnfdf kb{5 .

:yfgLo tx eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;efnfO{ a'lemG5 . gu/kflnsf Ps ef}uf]lns tyf
kz| f;lgs OsfO xf] . h;sf] sfo{sfl/0fL cª\u gu/ sfo{kflnsf xf] eg] Joj:yfksLo sfo{ ug]{ cª\u gu/
;ef xf] . gu/kflnsfleqsf] Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{ Goflos ;ldltn] ug]{ ub{5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f ;ldltsf] u7g k|lqmof
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf !) cf]6f j8fx¿ /x]sf
5g\ . k|To]s j8fdf ! hgf j8f cWoIf / $ hgf ;b:o;lxt
hDdf % hgf hgk|ltlglwx¿ ;lDdlnt j8f ;ldlt u7g
ePsf] 5 . j8f ;ldltsf $ hgf ;b:ox¿dWo] ! hgf blnt
dlxnf;lxt sDtLdf @ hgf dlxnf xg' ' clgjfo{ 5 . j8f
;ldltsf kfFr} hgf ;b:ox¿ ;DalGwt j8fsf] dtbftfaf6
k|ToIf lgjf{lrt ePsf x'G5g\ . o;/L lgjf{lrt j8f ;ldltsf]
sfo{sfn % jif{sf] xG' 5 .

dxfnIdL gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] u7g kl| qmofM
gu/ sfo{kflnsfnfO{ gu/ ;ldlt klg eGg] ul/G5 . gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf ! hgf k|dv' , ! hgf
pkkd| v' , gu/kflnsfsf] !) j6} j8fsf j8f cWoIfx¿, gu/ ;efn] cfk"mdWo]af6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf % hgf
dlxnf ;b:ox¿ / blnt jf cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfoaf6 gu/ ;efn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf # hgf ;b:ox¿;lxt

10 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

hDdf @) ;b:oLo gu/ sfo{kflnsf u7g ePsf] 5 . o;/L u7g ePsf] sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{sfn % jif{sf]
xG' 5 . gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'vsf ¿kdf gu/kflnsfsf kd| 'v g} /x]sf x'G5g\ .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] gu/ ;efsf] u7g k|lqmofM
gu/ ;efn] Joj:yflksfn] ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 . gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v g} gu/ ;efsf] kb]g cWoIf
/x]sf xG' 5g\ . dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf Ps gu/ ;ef /x]sf] 5 . gu/kflnsfsf d]o/, pkd]o/, !) hgf j8f
cWoIf / kT| o]s j8fsf $ hgf ;b:o;lxt $) hgf ;b:o, blnt jf cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfoaf6 lgjf{lrt
sfo{kflnsfsf # hgf ;b:ox¿;lxt hDdf %% hgfsf] gu/ ;ef u7g ePsf] 5 . gu/ ;efn] ;+ljwfgn]
lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L cfjZos sfg'g lgdf{0f ub{5 . gu/ ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] sfo{sfn % jif{sf]
xG' 5 .

Goflos ;ldltM
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf sfg'gadf]lhd cfkm\gf] clwsf/ If]q leqsf ljjfb lg¿k0f ug{
gu/kflnsfsf] pkd]o/sf] ;+of]hsTjdf # ;b:oLo Ps Goflos ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . o;n] 3/fo;L
ljjfb, ;fFw l;dfgf, sn' f], gx/, kf6L, kf}jf, kf]v/L h:tf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljjfbx¿sf] lg¿k0f /
d]nldnfk ug]{ ub{5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf hgk|ltlglwx¿, gu/ ;ef / gu/kflnsfsf ;b:ox¿

gu/ kd| 'v ! hgf gu/ ;ef / gu/ sfo{kflnsf b'j}sf]

;b:o

gu/ pkkd| v' ! hgf gu/ ;ef / gu/ sfo{kflnsf bj' }sf]

;b:o

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 11

j8f cWoIfx¿ !) hgf -!) cf]6f j8faf6 gu/ ;ef / gu/ sfo{kflnsf b'j}sf]
Ps Ps hgf_ ;b:o
j8f ;b:ox¿ @) hgf -!) cf]6f j8faf6 gu/ ;ef ;b:ox¿
b'O{ b'O{ hgf_
dlxnf j8f ;b:ox¿ !) hgf -!) cf]6f j8faf6 gu/ ;ef ;b:ox¿
Ps Ps hgf_
blnt dlxnf j8f ;b:ox¿ !) hgf -!) cf]6f j8faf6 gu/ ;ef ;b:ox¿
Ps Ps hgf_
blnt tyf cNk;ª\Vosaf6 # hgf gu/ ;ef / gu/ sfof{kflnsf bj' }sf]
dgf]lgt ;b:ox¿
hDdf %% hgf

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf %% hgf hgk|ltlglwx¿dWo] blnt / cNk;ª\Vosaf6 dgf]lgt # hgf
afx]s afFsL %@ hgfnfO{ gu/kflnsfsf dtbftfx¿n] Ps JolSt Ps dtsf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgaf6
klxnf] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k0| ffnLaf6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf xg' \ . o;/L dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf %% ;b:oLo
gu/ ;ef / @) ;b:oLo gu/ sfo{kflnsf u7g ePsf] 5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf j8f ;ldlt ;b:ox¿

j8f cWoIf ! hgf j8f ;ldltsf] k|dv'
j8f ;ldltsf] ;b:o
j8f ;b:o @ hgf j8f ;ldltsf] ;b:o
j8f ;ldltsf] ;b:o
dlxnf j8f ;b:o ! hgf

blnt dlxnf j8f ;b:o ! hgf

hDdf % hgf

12 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpdF f pko'Qm zAb eg'x{ f];\ .
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf ==================== cf]6f j8fx¿ ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 .
v= j8f ;ldltdf ==================== hgf lgjf{lrt hgkl| tlglwx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
u= j8f ;ldltdf sDtLdf @ hgf ==================== ;b:ox¿ xg' ' h?/L 5 .
3= gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf sDtLdf # hgf ;b:o ============ jf cNk;ª\Vosaf6 kl| tlglwTj u/]sf] xg' 'kb{5 .
ª= gu/ ;efn] ==================== n] ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 .
r= lgjf{lrt ==================== sf] sfo{sfn % jif{sf] xg' ]5 .
5= Goflos ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] gu/kflnsf leqsf] ==================== lg¿k0f ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 .

@= 5f]6f] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .
s= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ df /fHosf] d"n ;+/rgf slt txsf] x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 <
v= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ cg';f/ :yfgLo tx eGgfn] s] a'‰g'xG' 5 <
u= j8f ;ldltsf] u7g kl| qmof pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
3= dxfnIdL gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] u7g kl| qmof n]Vg'xf];\ .
ª= gu/ ;efsf] cWoIf / Goflos ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs sf] sf] xg' ] Joj:yf 5 <
r= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf slt ;b:oLo gu/ ;ef u7g ePsf] 5 < gu/ ;efsf] u7g k|lqmof s:tf] 5 <
5= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] Goflos ;ldlt slt ;b:oLo 5 < o;sf] kd| 'v sfo{ pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .

#= kl/ofh] gf sfo{
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] d]o/, pkd]o/ / cfkm\gf] j8fsf ;b:ox¿ lgjf{lrt ug{ ljBfnodf gdg' f

dtbfg sfo{ ;~rfng ug{'xf];\ .
v= j8f tyf gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fvL gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:ox¿ gu/ ;efsf ;b:ox¿

/ Goflos ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] gfd / kb;lxtsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{x' f];\ .
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro, gu/ sfo{kflnsf / gu/ ;efsf] u7g kl| qmof tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsf

/ gu/ ;efn] u/]sf kd| 'v sfo{x¿ ;d]6]/ 5f]6f] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 13

PsfOM @
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ / jftfj/0f

kf7 !M dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq /xs] f k|fsl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿

kf7 !
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿

wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s, ;fdflhs, k|fs[lts / ;f+:s[lts dxŒj /fVg] j:t'x¿ -jg, kxf8,
tfn, åLk, d?e"ld_ nfO{ ;Dkbf elgG5 . /fi6«df ePsf] o:tf w/f]x/ b]zsf] ;DklQ jf wg xg' \ .
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿df >[Ë]/L 8fF8f, >[Ë]/L u'kmf, sfdw]g' uk' mf, nfFs/' L
eGHofª kV| oft 5g\ . To:t} uf]bfj/L gbL, sd{gfzf gbL, n'e' vf]nf, ltNk' vf]nf, dftEj ;ª\ud,
uf}lzË tLy{ klg dV' o k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ x'g\ .

o; gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf ef}uf]lns / kf| s[lts ¿kdf ;f}Gbo{n] el/k"0f{ /x]sf ;a}
:yfgx¿ gu/kflnsfsf ;Dkbf x'g\ . o; gu/kflnsfsf] afl;Gbf dfq geO{ cGo If]qsf afl;GbfnfO{ klg
o:tf If]qn] cfsif{0f u/]sf] xG' 5 . k|fs[lts, wfld{s, kf}/fl0fs, ;f+:s[lts ¿kdf klg oL If]qsf] dxŒj a9\g
uPsf] x'G5 . To;}n] ko{6sx¿af6 To:tf :yfgsf] cjnf]sg ed| 0f ug]{ sfo{ eof] eg] cfly{s lqmofsnfk
a9\g uO{ tL :yfgsf JolQmx¿sf] Jofkf/ Joj;fodf j[l4 xg' hfG5 . To;af6 ltgLx¿sf] cfly{s pGglt
xg' hfG5 . ko{6sx¿sf] cfudgn] To; If]qsf] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|rf/k|;f/ x'G5 . o;/L ;dud| f

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 15

gu/kflnsfsf hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ cfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4df j[l4 xG' 5 . o;n] /fi6«sf] ;d'Ggltdf klg
of]ubfg kU' b5 . To;}n] tL If]qsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g tyf ljsf; u/L k|rf/k;| f/ ug{ cfjZos 5 .

o:tf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnf jf :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf
dxŒjk"0f{ /xG5 . To:tf ;Dkbfsf] dxŒjaf/] hgtfnfO{ atfpg' kb{5 ;fy} ltgsf] ;+/If0f k|rf/–k|;f/ u/]/
lgoldt ¿kdf ;r]tgf hufpg'k5{ . o;sf nflu gu/kflnsf, :yfgLo j8f / ;fdflhs ;d"x nufot
o'jfx¿nfO{ ;lqmo u/fpg cfjZos 5 ;fy} tL lgsfox¿n] lgoldt of]hgf agfP/ ah]6sf] Joj:yf u/L
sfof{Gjog ug{' clt cfjZos 5 .

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpF egx'{ f;] \ .
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf ================= ;f}Gbo{n] el/k"0f{ 5 .
v= ko{6sx¿sf] cfudgn] :yfgLo JolQmx¿sf] Jofkf/ ================= df j[l¢ xG' 5 .
u= kf| s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] dxŒjsf] af/]df ================= hgtfx¿nfO{ ae' mfpg' kb{5 .
3= kf| s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] ljsf;df pko'Qm ================= / ah]6sf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .
s= kf| s[lts ;Dkbf eGgfn] s] al' emG5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf dV' o kf| s[lts ;Dkbfx¿ s] s] x'g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .
u= kf| s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ljsf;df :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df rrf{ ug{x' f];\ .

#= kl/of]hgf sfo{
s= k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] dxŒjsf ljifodf sIffdf 5nkmn u/L 5f]6f] kl| tj]bg tof/ ug{x' f];\ .
v= # hgfsf] ;d"x agfO{ dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf d'Vo k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿dWo] sg' } Pssf] gdg' f

-model_ tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

16 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

PsfOM #
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] ko{6g / cflys{ lqmofsnfkx¿

Kff7 !M :yfgLo ko6{ g ljsf;sf ;Defjgf / rg' f}tLx¿
kf7 @M :yfgLo ;Lk, k;] f / Joj;fo k|j4{gdf ;db' fo / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfsf] vfh] L

kf7M !
:yfgLo ko{6g ljsf;sf ;Defjgf / rg' ft} Lx¿

xfd|f] gu/kflnsfdf ef}uf]lns,
kf| s[lts, kf}/fl0fs, P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s
:ynx¿nfO{ ko{6g :ynsf ¿kdf ljsf;
ul/Psf 5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfsf] ;a}
eGbf cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf sf]6 8fF8f /
nfFs/' L eGHofªaf6 k"j{tk{m ;"of]{bosf]
dgf]/d b[Zo x]g{ ;lsG5 eg] klZrdtk{m
sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf dgf]/d b[Zox¿sf
;fy} ;"of{:tsf] b[Zo x]g{ ;lsG5 . o; gu/
kflnsfsf k|fs[lts Pjd\ wfld{s :ynx¿
rg' b]jL, To;sf] cf8df /x]sf] jf;'sL :yfg,
>[Ë]/L uk' mf, sfdw]g' uk' mf, xf]rf] :yfgdf /x]sf gbLgfnfx¿, tL gbLx¿sf] ;ª\ud tLy{:ynx¿ h:t} uf}>[Ë
tLy{, dftEj, jMv3' f6 cflb :yfgx¿sf] ;+j4{g / ;+/If0f u/L kr| f/k|;f/ u/L ko{6g If]qsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t
ug{ ;lsg] k|z:t ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] glhs} /x]sf k|fs[lts tyf wfld{s dxŒj af]s]sf tL
ko{6g :ynx¿ cf]em]ndf k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . tL :yfgx¿af/] k|rf/k|;f/sf] sdL ePsf] 5 . To;}n] j8f
sfof{no / gu/kflnsfn] k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ ljsf; of]hgf agfP/ hfg'kb{5 ;fy} ah]6sf] Joj:yf
ul/Pdf o;sf] ljsf;df dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'Ug] b]lvG5 . tL ;Dkbf :ynx¿df hfg], vfg] / a:g] nufot cGo
;'ljwfsf k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; kof{Kt dfqfdf xg' ;s]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yfx¿, o'jfx¿ /
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] kl/rfngdf sdL ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] ljleGg ;~rf/sf dfWodx¿af6 tL ko{6sLo
:ynx¿sf] kl/ro To;sf] dxŒj / ToxfF kU' g ;Sg] dfWodx¿sf] cBfjlws ljj/0fx¿ tof/ ug{'kb{5 . To;
If]qsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo JolQm, ;fdflhs ;d"x, j8f sfof{no, / gu/kflnsfaf6 of]hgf
agfpg' cfjZos 5 . of]hgfcg';f/ ah]6 5'6\ofO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿ cl3 a9fpgk' b{5 . o;af6
ltgsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gdf dbt k'Ub5 .

18 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ .
kf}/fl0fs, dgf]/d, ;Defjgf, k"jf{wf/, ;Dkbf, ;+/If0f
@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ .
s= k|l;¢ wfld{s :yn jf;s' L :yfg s'g 7fpFdf /x]sf] 5 <
v= o; gu/kflnsfsf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbfaf/] k|rf/–k;| f/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
u= gu/kflnsfn] ko{6g ljsf;df s] s:tf] of]ubfg k¥' ofpg ;S5 <
3= sg' } ko{6sLo :ynsf] ;+j4{gsf nflu ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ / :yfgLon] s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{

;S5g\ <
#= kl/ofh] gf sfo{
s= nfFs/' L eGHofª If]qnfO{ ko{6sLo :ynsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ug{ of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f u/L lzIfsnfO{

a'emfpgx' f];\ .
v= gu/kflnsf leqsf] sg' } Ps wfld{s :ynsf] e|d0f u/L ToxfF ug{ ;lsg] ;w' f/sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 19

kf7M @
:yfgLo ;Lk, k];f / Joj;fo k|j4g{ df ;db' fo / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf]

el" dsfsf] vf]hL

g]kfnsf ;a}h;f] ufpFa:tLx¿df j/k/sf] jftfj/0f, df};d / cj:yfcg';f/ b}lgs hLjg;Fu
;DalGwt ljleGg k|sf/sf j:t'x¿sf] cfˆg} z}nLdf pTkfbg u/]/ ko| f]u ul/Psf] kfOG5 . vfg]s'/f pTkfbg
ug]{ tl/sf, pTkflbt vfg]s'/f ksfpg] snf, cfk}Fm ;'/lIft ¿kdf a:gsf nflu agfpg] 3/sf] cfsf/ks| f/,
‰ofn 9f]sf, uf/f] cflbdf snfTdstfsf] k|of]u, cfjZos ;s' n' u'Gb|L, nQf sk8f, lgdf{0f ug]{ snfsf
cltl/Qm k"hf, rf8kj{sf nflu ljleGg snfTds d"lt{, dlGb/, e]ife"iff agfpg] ;Lk cflbdf df}lnstfsf]
ko| f]u ePsf] kfOG5 . oxfFsf] sfi7snf, d"lt{snf, wft'snf, :yfgLo ;Lk sf}zn /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
¿kdf kV| oft ePsf] 5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] n'ed' f v2/, 9fsf sk8f a'gfO / kfssnfsf] /fdf| ] ljsf; ePsf]
5 . l;l4k'/df ;s' 'n / k/fnsf ljleGg ;fdfgx¿ agfpg] snf kV| oft xg' s' f ;fy} kf| oM h;f] :yfgx¿df
:yfgLo hLjgofkg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg ks| f/sf cfoj' ]{lbs cf}ifwL, l;nfOsf] snf, kmnfdsf ;fdfg
agfpg] snf, vfg]s/' fsf] kl/sf/af6 ljleGg hgfj/x¿sf] cfs[lt agfpg] snf cflb k|rngdf /x]sf
5g\ . uLt / ;ËLtdf :yfgLo lwd], xf/df]lgod, dfbn, afF;/' L, dx' fnLh:tf jfBjfbgsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .

o;nfO{ cem kj| 4{g / ljsf; u/L k|rf/k;| f/ ug{ ;s]df Jofkf/df j[l4 x'g uO{ cfly{s ljsf; x'G5
/ :yfgLo hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g 7"nf] dbt k'U5 . o;sf] kj| 4{g ug{ :yfgLo :t/df /x]sf ;fd'bflos
;ª\3;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg cfjZos 5 ;fy} :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] klg cxd\ e"ldsf /x]sf] xG' 5 .

20 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

plNnlvt ljifosf ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg u/L sg' s'g If]qdf s'g s'g ljifosf] a9L k|of]u / ;Defjgfx¿
5g\ ;f]sf] ljsf; / kj| 4{g u/L cl3 a9\g ;s] tL :yfgsf Joj;fo, ;Lk / snfsf}znsf] a9fjf xg' uO{
gu/kflnsfsf] ;d[l4df 7"nf] dbt k'Ug hfG5 .

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpF eg'x{ f];\ .
s= n'ed' f ===============, 9fsf sk8f a'gfO / kfssnfsf] /fd|f] ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
v= l;l4k/' df ;'sn' / ===============sf ljleGg ;fdfgx¿ agfpg] snf k|Voft 5 .
u= :yfgLo ;Lk, k];f / Joj;fo kj| 4{gsf nflu :yfgLo :t/df /x]sf =============== nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg

cfjZos 5 .

@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .
s= o; gu/kflnsfdf :yfgLo :t/df s] s:tf ;Lkd"ns sfo{x¿ ul/G5g\ <\
v= sg' sg' afhfx¿sf] ko| f]u uLt / ;ËLtdf ul/G5 <

#= kl/of]hgf sfo{
s= ljBfyL{ cfk}Fm a;]sf] If]qdf b}lgs ¿kdf s] s] sfd ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 < To;sf] ;"rL agfpg nufpgx' f];\ .
v= sg' } Ps ;Lkd"ns sfo{ eO/x]sf] b[Zo cjnf]sg u/fP/ To;nfO{ ljsl;t ug{ s] s:tf pkfo ug{

;lsG5, 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .
u= gu/kflnsfn] efiff, snf / ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fdf s] s:tf] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 < ;f]wvf]h u/L l6kf]6 ug{x' f];\

/ sIffdf k|:t't ug{x' f];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 21

PsfO M $
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] ef}lts k"jfw{ f/ ljsf;sf

;Defjgf / r'gf}tLx¿

kf7 !M lzIff / :jf:Yo
kf7 @M oftfoft / vfgk] fgL
kf7 #M pBfu] tyf snsf/vfgf, s[lif, kzk' fng / ko6{ g

kf7 M !
lzIff / :jf:Yo

;fdfGotof ljsf; eGgfn] ;dfhdf b]lvg] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gnfO{ a'lemG5 . of] dflg;x¿sf] cfo
cfh{g / hLjg:t/;Fu hf]l8Psf] xG' 5 . s'g} klg b]z jf 7fpFsf] ljsf; eGGffn] To;;Fu ;DalGwt k"jf{wf/x¿
h:t} M lzIff, :jf:Yo, af6f]3f6f], vfg]kfgL, l;FrfO, s[lif, jghËn, pBf]u, Jofkf/ cflbsf] ljsf; eg]/
a'‰gk' b{5 . oL ;a} jf w]/}h;f] k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ;Fu;Fu} ljsf; ug{ ;lsof] eg] l56f]eGbf l56f] cy{tGqdf ;'wf/
x'G5 . xfdLn] ;dG' gt hLjg latfpg ;S5f}F . To;}n] s'g} klg 7fpFsf] ;jf]{kl/ ljsf; ToxfF pknAw ;fwgx¿
/ ltgsf] ;dl' rt pkof]u;Fu hf]l8Psf] xG' 5 .

nlntk'/ lhNnfl:yt dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf sl/a &)Ü ;dy/ e"efu / afFsL kxf8L efun]
ag]sf] 5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] lx;fan] of] k|r'/ ;Defjgf ePsf] ;u' d If]qsf] gu/kflnsf
dflgG5 . o; gu/kflnsfsf] lzIff / :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt ljsf;sf] cj:yf, ;Defjgf tyf rg' f}tLx¿nfO{
lgDgfg';f/ k:| t't ul/Psf] 5 M

lzIff

gu/kflnsfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGtljB{ fno kl| tof]lutf

b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;x/df l/Ë/f]8sf] glhs cjl:yt o; gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfx¿ ;tk|ltzt ;fIf/
5g\ . ljBfno lzIfftkm{ oxfF lgs} g} ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;fdb' flos tkm{sf !) cf]6f df=lj= / $
cf]6f cfwf/e"t ljBfnox¿dWo] % cf]6fdf k|fljlws lzIff;d]t cWofkg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 ;fy} afn lzIff
;d]t k|bfg ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;+:yfut tkm{ #& cf]6f df=lj=, * cf]6f cfwf/e"t / #% cf]6f k"j{

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 23

kf| ylds ljBfnox¿ ;~rfngdf 5g\ . pRr lzIfftkm{ eg] gu/kflnsfsf] Ps dfq ;fdb' flos SofDk;
dxfnIdL SofDk;df :gfts txsf] ljifo k9fO xG' 5 . To;} u/L OlGhlgol/ªtkm{ lghL ;|f]tdf ;~rflnt
@ cf]6f ;+:yfx¿n] ;]jf k¥' ofO/x]sf 5g\ . dxfnIdL kf]ln6]lgs Oli6Ro6' @)&& ;fnb]lv CTEVT sf]
cfª\lus lzIffnosf] ?kdf :yfkgf eO{ xfn ;"rgf kl| jlw (IT) sf] sIff ;?' ePsf] 5 .

-;|f]tM lzIff, o'jf tyf v]ns'b zfvf d=g=kf_

dfly plNnlvt cf}krfl/s lzIffsf cltl/Qm lghL If]qsf] kxndf ;d]t ljleGg ;Lk ljsf;
/ /f]huf/L;Fu ;DalGwt z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿ Pjd\ tflndx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf] kfOG5 . gu/kflnsfsf]
cfof]hgf Pjd\ ;dGjodf ;d]t ;do;dodf /f]huf/Ld"ns tflndx¿ cfof]hgf xg' ] u/]sf 5g\ . To;sf
;fy} ;fdb' flos cWoog s]Gb|x¿ dfkm{t lzIf0f Pjd\ tflndsf cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng x'Fb}
cfPsf 5g\ . xfn gu/kflnsfleq ;~rflnt z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lgodg u/L u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg
ug]{ sfo{df gu/kflnsf nflu k/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] 5§' } kf7\oqmd ljsf; u/L cfwf/e"t txdf nfu"
ugf{n] efjL ;Gtltx¿df cfˆgf] ;dfhk|lt ;b\efj / st{Jo ljsf; u/fpg ;xof]u ldNg] b]lvG5 .

ljBfno txdf gu/kflnsf cfTdlge{/ g} b]lvP klg :yfgLo ljBfyL{x¿sf] cfjZostf
cg';f/sf] pRr lzIff k|bfg ug{ eg] gu/kflnsf cem} ;Ifd eOg;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;Lldt ljifo If]qdf dfq
pRr lzIffsf] cj;/ ePsf] x'gfn] gu/kflnsfleq} ljljw ljifox¿ k7gkf7g x'g] cfª\lus tyf ;DaGwg
kf| Kt SofDk;x¿ ;~rfngdf NofO{ ljBfyL{nfO{ aflx/ hfgaf6 /f]Sg' Ps r'gf}tLsf] ;fy;fy} gu/kflnsfsf]
z}lIfs :t/f]Ggltsf nflu ;'gf}nf] cj;/sf] ¿kdf klg lng ;lsG5 . o;af6 gu/kflnsfleqsf] z}lIfs
hgzlQmnfO{ klg gu/kflnsfleq} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ klg k|fKt xG' 5 t/ a9\bf] cfjf;Ls/0fsf] sf/0fn] gofF
z}lIfs ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{sf nflu ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf lglDt cfjZostf cg;' f/sf] e"ld kfpg' klg Ps
r'gf}tL g} b]lvG5 . ljBfno lzIff kf/ u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿df pRr lzIffsf lglDt aflx/ hfgk' g]{ afWotf x6fO{
gu/kflnsfnfO{ lzIff If]qdf cfTdlge{/ agfpgsf lglDt pRr lzIff / kf| ljlws lzIfftkm{ ljz]if kxn
ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

:jf:Yo
ljsf;sf ljleGg k"jf{wf/x¿dWo] :jf:Yo cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 . dxfnIdL
gu/kflnsf leqsf afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] n'ed' f kf| ylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| /
Odf8f]n, l6sfynL, l;l4k/' tyf nfdf6f/df :jf:Yo rf}sLx¿ :yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ . To;}u/L ;fljs % cf]6f

24 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf ;a} j8fx¿df kg]{ u/L :jo+;]ljsfdfk{mt klg :jf:Yo k/fdz{ ;]jf kb| fg ul/Fb} cfPsf]
5 . o;}u/L gu/kflnsfleq $% hgf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ Pjd\ lghL
If]qx¿af6 ljleGg :jf:Yo lSnlgs, gl;{ª xf]d, cf/f]Uo cf>d, of]u tyf lkm6g]; ;]G6/, cf}ifwL k;n
cflb dfkm{t :jf:Yo ;]jf kb| fg ul/Psf] 5 . o; gu/kflnsfdf cjl:yt Ps dfq ;l' jwf ;DkGg ls:6
xl:k6ndf gu/kflnsfsf] kxndf :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ cf}ifwf]krf/df !%Ü 5'6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

vfk] sfoq{ md
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] kxndf vf]k, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dft[ :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf ;fy}
HIV AIDS, si' 7 /f]u, Ifo/f]u, emf8f kvfnf nufotsf ljleGg ;?jf /f]usf cltl/Qm g;g]{ /f]ux¿df
;d]t OPD Pjd\ cfsl:ds ;]jfx¿ ;~rflnt 5g\ . gukflnsfn] ;do;dodf :jf:Yo lzlj/, /Qmbfg,
:jf:Yo hfu/0f, kf}li6s cfxf/, ;/;kmfO h:tf If]qdf ljljw vfn] sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf ub}{ cfO/x]sf]
5 . To;}u/L :jf:Yo ladf, :j:ys/ hLjgz}nLsf] ljsf;h:tf sfddf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfx¿;Fusf]
;xsfo{ klg ;xof]uL ePsf] b]lvG5 . :yfgLo txdf ;'ljwf ;DkGg ;/sf/L c:ktfn :yfkgf x'g ;s]df w]/}
:yfgLo hgtf nfeflGjt xg' ] b]lvG5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 25

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpdF f pko'Qm zAb egx'{ f;] \ .
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] sl/a ================ kl| tzt e"efu kxf8n] ag]sf] 5 .
v= oxfF ;~rflnt Ps dfq SofDk; dxfnIdL SofDk;df ============= txsf sIffx¿ ;~rflnt 5g\ .
u= o; gu/kflnsfdf =========== cf]6f k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| / ========== cf]6f :jf:Yo rf}sLx¿ 5g\ .

@= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .
s= ef}lts ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x¿ eGgfn] s] a‰' gx' G' 5 < n]Vgx' f];\ .
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq :jf:Yo pkrf/sf nflu s] s:tf] ;'ljwf 5 <
u= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf k|fljlws lzIff / pRr lzIfftkm{ s] s:tf ;l' jwfx¿ 5g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= kl/of]hgf sfo{
s= tkfOF dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] k|dv' df lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] eg] s] s:tf ljsf;sf sfdx¿ ug{x' 'G5 <

Pp6f sfo{of]hgf lgd{f0f ug{x' f];\ .
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf ljBdfg ef}lts ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/, o;sf ;Defjgf / rg' f}tLx¿nfO{ Pp6f

tflnsf agfO{ k:| tt' ug{x' f];\ .
u= tkfOFsf] gu/kflnsfleq /x]sf dfWolds ljBfnox¿sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / ;Dks{ gDa/ ;lxtsf] ;"rL tof/

ug{'xf];\ .
3= tkfOFnfO{ kfos kg]{ :yfgsf] kf| ylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| jf :jf:Yo rf}sLdf uP/ ToxfFaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf

/ ;l' jwfx¿sf] ljj/0f l6kf]6 u/L cfˆgf] ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofksnfO{ ae' mfpgx' f];\ .

26 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

kf7 M @
oftfoft / vfg]kfgL

oftfoft
oftfoft ljsf;sf] d]?b08 xf] . oftfoftsf]
ljsf;af6 g} cGo If]qsf] ljsf;sf] 9f]sf v'Ng
;Sb5 . ljsf; ah]6sf] 7"nf] lx:;f oftfoftsf] If]qdf vr{
u/] dfq oftfoft If]qsf] ljsf;n] tLjt| f kfpg ;S5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf oftfoftsf] If]qdf
ul/Psf] kxn pNn]vgLo 5 . Ujfsf]{af6 Odf8f]n, l6sfynL,
l;l4k/' , ne' ' / nfdf6f/ x'Fb} nfFs'/L eGHofª k'Ug] ;8s o;
gu/kflnsf leqsf] dV' o ;8s dflgG5 . xfn rf}8f agfpg] cleofgdf /x]sf] of] ;8s k"j{tkm{ s'zfb]jL,
dfg]bf]efg / kgf}tL xF'b} lj=kL= nf]sdfu{df hf]8\g] nIosf ;fy cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 .

o; gu/kflnsfleq agfOPsf ;fgf 7"nf kSsL / sRrL ;8sx¿n] :yfgLo 7fpFx¿nfO{
hf]8\g'sf ;fy} sf7df8fF} dxfgu/kflnsf, nlntk/' dxfgu/kflnsf, uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf, kgf}tL gu/kflnsf,
dWok'/ l7dL gu/kflnsf / ;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg :yfgx¿nfO{ hf]8]sf] 5 . ;8s oftfoftsf
cltl/Qm cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ c8\8f glhs /x]sfn] xjfO{ oftfoft klg ;j{;'ne ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy}
oxfFsf] nfFs/' L eGHofª, km"nrf]sLh:tf pRr :yfgx¿ hf]8\g] u/L s]ansf/ tyf Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] klg
ljsf; ug{ ;s] oxfFsf] cfly{s ;dflhs ljsf;df dbt kU' g] b]lvG5 . o; If]qsf] ko{6g ljsf;df klg
o;n] dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg k¥' ofpg ;Sb5 .

cJojl:yt ;x/Ls/0f / ;fF3/' f af6fx¿ o; gu/kflnsfsf] oftfoft If]qsf kd| v' rg' f}tLx¿ x'g\ .
To;sf] ;fy} 9n lgsf;, ljBt' Ls/0f, ;~rf/sf dfWodx¿sf] lj:tf/, lgdf{0fsf ;fduL| x¿sf] 9'jfgLh:tf
sfo{x¿n] ;d]t ;8s oftfoftdf yk ;d:ofx¿ ;[hgf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] ;8s
Joj:yfkgdf ;d'lrt ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{s' f] ;fy} cfjZos gLlt lgod th{'df u/]/ oftfoft If]qsf]
ljsf;df nfluk/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{df cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;xof]u k¥' ofpg' xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xg' hfG5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 27

vfg]kfgL
s'g} klg If]qsf] ljsf;df vfg]kfgLnfO{ cToGt} dxŒjsf ;fy x]g]{
ul/G5 . sf7df8fF} pkTosfleq a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f ;Fu;Fu} vfg]kfgLsf]
;d:of ljs/fn aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq uf]bfj/L vf]nf / rfkfvs{af6
vfg]kfgL ljt/0f ug{s' f ;fy} :yfgLo 9Ë' ]wf/fsf] kfgL pkof]u ug]{
ul/Psf]df xfn To:tf ;f| ]tx¿ lj:tf/} ;'Sb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . a9\bf] a:tL
ljsf;n] Psftkm{ vfg]kfgLsf] cfjZostf a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 eg] csf{tkm{
ejg lgdf{0fsf] tLjt| fn] jiff{sf] kfgL ;f]:g] hldgsf] sdL xF'b} uO/x]sf] 5 h;sf] kmn:j¿k JolQmut
¿kdf vlgPsf Ogf/x¿df klg kfgLsf] ;tx 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . o;} ;d:ofnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ w/} 7fpFdf
hldgd'lgsf] kfgL tfgL PsLs[t ¿kdf kfgL 6\ofª\sL dfkm{t kfgL ljt/0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm
d]nDrL kl/of]hgfaf6 ;d]t o; gu/kflnsfleq vfg]kfgL ljt/0f ePkl5 vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of w]/} ;dfwfg
x'g] cj:yf 5 . 7"nf] kl/df0fdf 6\ofÍ/x¿af6 kfgL cfk"lt{ ul/Fb} cfO/x]sf] clxn]sf] cj:yfsf] cGTo ug{'
gu/kflnsfsf] kd| 'v rg' f}tL /x]sf] 5 .

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpdF f pkoQ' m zAb eg'x{ f];\ .
s= o; gu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo ;8snfO{ ============= df hf]8\g] cleofgsf ;fy lj:tf/ ul/Fb} 5 .
v= uf]bfj/L vf]nf / ============= af6 dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq kfgL NofOPsf] 5 .

@= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .
s= o; gu/kflnsfleq oftfoft Joj:yfkgsf kd| 'v rg' f}tLx¿sf] rrf{ ug{'xf];\ .
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgdf s] s:tf ko| Tgx¿ u/]sf] 5 <
u= æoftfoft k"jf{wf/x¿sf] klg k"jf{wf/ xf]Æ, :ki6 kfg{x' f];\ .

#= kl/of]hgf sfo{
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfsf] gS;f agfO{ tkfOFsf] kl/sNkgfsf] ;x/Ls/0f emNsg] u/L k|dv' / ;xfos

af6fx¿ b]vfpgx' f];\ .

28 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

kf7M #
pBf]u tyf snsf/vfgf, sl[ if tyf kzk' fng / ko{6g

pBfu] tyf snsf/vfgf

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv ljleGg lsl;dsf ;fgf Pjd\ 3/]n' pBf]ux¿ ;~rfngdf
/x]sf] s'/f :yfgLo hfgsf/x¿n] atfpF5g\ . ljutdf lgs} km:6fPsf OF6f pBf]ux¿ xfn sl/a lj:yflkt
eO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] dfWod agL xfn cf]em]ndf
k/]sf ljleGg k];f Joj;fox¿ o;ks| f/ 5g\ M

qm=;+= pBfu] /k];f ;~rflnt :yfg xfnsf] cj:yf
lgs} sd ;~rfngdf /x]sf
! 3/]n' tfg ne' ' lgs} sd ;~rgngdf /x]sf
aGb x'g] cj:yfdf /x]sf
@ k/fnsf] ;'sn' , rs6L / d'9f l;l4k'/ gofF 9ª\uaf6 ;~rflnt
gofF 9ª\uaf6 ;~rflnt
# s[lif cf}hf/x¿ ljleGg :yfgx¿

$ d"lt{ Pjd\ efF8fx¿ ljleGg :yfgx¿

% l;nfO, s6fO / ag' fO ljleGg :yfgx¿

dfly plNnlvt k/Dk/fut k];fx¿sf cltl/Qm cfwl' gs k];fsf] ¿kdf kmlg{r/, lun| , ufd]{G6, 6fon, Ans
/ l/Ë lgdf0f{ a]s/Lh:tf ;fgf vfnsf pBf]u Joj;fox¿nfO{ gu/kflnsfaf6 ;d]t ;xuf]u pknAw
xg' k' g]{ b]lvG5 .

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 29

s[lif tyf kz' kfng
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfleq s[lifnfO{ klg kd| 'v cfo;f| ]tsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5 . ljutdf
cfk"mnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ cGgkft cfk}Fm pTkfbg ug]{ u/]sf] / a9L ePsf cGg laqmL u/L 3/ vr{ rnfpg]
u/]sf] s/' f :yfgLo a"9fkfsfx¿ atfpF5g\ . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf ul/g] s[lif k];fdf xfn cfP/ lgs} lu/fj6 cfPsf]
5 . s[lif sfo{sf nflu w]/} :yfgdf cem} k|an ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . cfjf; lj:tf/sf] qmddf v]tLof]Uo hldg
sd xF'b} uP tfklg pknAw hldgsf] clwstd pkof]u u/L s[lif pAhgL a9fpg] sfo{df oxfFsf] :yfgLo
;/sf/n] :yfgLo s[ifsx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfn cfP/ sf};L v]tLnfO{ klg ljsNksf] ¿kdf
lng] ul/Psf] 5 . gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] s[lif zfvfn] o;df ;dGjo ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 ;fy} s[lifdf ;'wf/sf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif dGqfno dfkm{t k|fljlws ;xof]u lng klg kxn ug{' cfjZos 5 .

gub] afnLsf] ¿kdf s[lifnfO{ Jofj;foLs/0f ug]{, pknAw hldgdf l;FrfOsf] Joj:yf ug]{, clgolGqt
a:tL ljsf;nfO{ /f]sL s[lifof]Uo hldgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ h:tf dxŒjk"0f{ sfdx¿ gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{qmdleq
kfl/g' kb{5 . nfdf6f/ tyf nfFs'/L e~Hofª\df 5'§} s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ :yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ . s[lif ;d"x /
s[ifsnfO{ %)Ü cg'bfgdf xft] 6«ofS6/, l8lh6n sfF6f, aLplahg, la?jf, l;FrfO pks/0f cflb ljt/0f ug]{
ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L v]tsf] ljlzi6Ls/0f efusf] cfwf/df ;]jf kb| fg ug]{ tyf ljb]zaf6 kmls{Psf o'jfx¿sf]
ljz]if ;+nUgtfdf lj:tf/ ub}{ n}hfg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .

-;|f]tM s[lif zfvf d=g=kf_

30 xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL

To;}u/L kzk' fngtkm{ cfxf/ If]q, :jf:Yo If]q, g:n ;w' f/, Joj:yfkg / tflnd u/L % cf]6f
ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . kzk' fngdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿nfO{ 3fF;sf] lap, a]gf{, vf]k, le6fldg,
cf}ifwL, s[lqd uef{wfg, vf]/÷uf]7 lgdf{0f, g:n ;w' f/, x] tyf ;fOn]h lgdf{0fh:tf If]qdf lgMz'Ns Pjd\
cg'bfgdf gu/kflnsfn] ;]jf tyf tflnd lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .
-;f| ]tM kz' ;]jf zfvf d=g=kf_
ko6{ g
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf ko{6sLo lx;fan] k|r/' ;Defjgf ePsf] :yfg dflgG5 . :yfgLo ko{6sLo
:ynx¿sf] af/]df cl3Nnf] kf7x¿df pNn]v eO;s]sf] 5 . tL :ynx¿nfO{ ljsl;t ub}{ wfld{s ko{6g,
kbdfu{, agef]h If]q, ;ª\u|xfno cflbsf] ljsf; u/]/ cfGtl/s Pjd\ afXo ko{6gnfO{ a9fjf lbg
;lsG5 . ljleGg :yfgLo tyf afXo ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t u/]/ gu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s ljsf; ug{sf
;fy;fy} :yfgLonfO{ gu/kflnsfleq} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ klg k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;f] ug{ ;s] gu/kflnsf
leqsf ;Dkbfx¿ klg Jojl:yt / ;+/lIft xg' ] b]lvG5 .

ko{6g ljsf;sf lglDt æuGtJo dxfnIdLÆ eGg] gf/f ;lxtsf] u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L nfu' ug{
;lsG5 . afXo ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ oftfoft Joj:yf, xf]6n tyf /]:6/' ]G6, au}Frf, lj>fd :ynx¿
lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . :yfgLo txdf pTkfbg x'g] d"lt{, ;s' 'n, kmnfd / df6f]af6 ag]sf ;fdfgx¿ klg tL
ko{6sLo :ynd} pkxf/ -Souvenir_ sf] ¿kdf vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . nfFs/' L eGHofª,
l/;fn 8fF8f / sf]6 8fF8fnfO{ 6]«lsª, b[Zofjnf]sg, cf]d]uf hDk, Kof/fUnfOl8ª, xf]d:6], xf]6n tyf /]i6/' f
h:tf dgf]/~hgfTds lqmofsnfksf] cj;/ ;[hgf ub}{ ljz]if ¿kdf ljsl;t ug{ ;lsG5 .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 31

ljljw
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x¿sf cltl/Qm ;~rf/, ljBt' Ls/0f, cfjf; Joj:yfkg,
v]ns'b, ;/;kmfOh:tf If]qx¿sf] ;dl' rt ljsf; u/L dxfnIdLnfO{ Pp6f gd'gf gu/kflnsfsf] ¿kdf
:yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 . oxfFsf afl;Gbfx¿sf] cfocfh{g / hLljsf]kfh{g;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg k];f
Joj;fox¿sf] :yfkgf, ljsf; / lj:tf/df gu/kflnsfn] cfly{s Pjd\ k|fljlws ;xof]u k¥' ofpFb} cfPsf]
5 . o; gu/kflnsf xFb' } aUg] uf]bfj/L / sd{gfzf vf]nfsf] kfgL :jR5 /fvL To; e]unfO{ xl/t If]q -Green
Belt_ sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ug{'xf;] \ .
cfo;f| ]t, k/Dk/fut, ;Dkbf, Joj;foLs/0f, k"jf{wf/

@= 5f6] s/Ldf pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ .
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf pBf]u tyf snsf/vfgfx¿ km:6fpg g;Sg'sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfnfO{ s;/L ko{6sLo uGtJosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 <
u= pBf]uwGbfx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ hghLjgdf s]s:tf] k|efj kb{5 < rrf{ ug{x' f];\ .
3= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] kz'kfng;DaGwL slt cf]6f sfo{qmdx¿ cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 / tL s] s] xg' \ <

#= kl/ofh] gf sfo{
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfdf v]tLof]Uo hldg lbgfg'lbg sd x'Fb} uPsf] cj:yfdf sf};L v]tL j}slNks

cfocfh{g / kof{j/0fLo lx;fan] pkoS' t x'G5 egL Pp6f sIffut k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/]/ gu/kflnsfsf]
sfof{nodf a'emfpgx' f];\ .
v= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfnfO{ Pp6f ko{6sLo uGtJosf] ¿kdf kl/sNkgf u/L ;DefJo 7fpFx¿ ;dfj]z
ePsf] Pp6f lrq tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

32 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

PsfOM %
hLjgfk] of]uL ;Lk / dfgj dN" odf cfwfl/t lzIff

Kff7 !M ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b'¿kof]u, o;sf] ke| fj / aRg] pkfox¿
Kff7 @M Bullying lj?4 k|lt/f]w / ;zStLs/0f cleofg
Kff7 #M xfdf| ] ;d'bfo / gu/kflnsfkl| t xfd|f] st{Jo / hjfkmbl] xtf
kf7 $M ;sf/fTds ;fr] sf] ljsf;
Kff7 %M ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] dxŒj / pkof]u
Kff7 ^M cfTdljZjf; / lg0fo{ lng ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
kf7 &M :yfgLo ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] cEof; -Simulation Drill_

kf7 M !
;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b'¿kofu] , o;sf] k|efj / aRg] pkfox¿

efOalxgLx¿ Û tkfOFx¿n] dflg; 9Ë' ] ou' af6
ljleGg r/0fx¿ kf/ ub}{ cfhsf] o; ;Eo / ljsl;t
ou' df cfOk'u]sf] s'/f yfxf kfO;Sge' Psf] 5 . clxn]sf]
o'u ;"rgf kl| jlwsf] o'u xf] . kl| jlwsf] k|of]un] clxn]
x/]s s/' fx¿ ;xh ePsf 5g\ . OG6/g]6sf] cfljisf/n]
;+;f/sf] x/]s sg' fdf 5l/P/ /x]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;xh
¿kdf ;Dks{df /fVg ;Dej ePsf] 5 . km];as' , efOa/,
d];]Gh/, Odf], 6\jL6/h:tf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf clwsf+z
dfWodx¿ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kxFr' df /x]sfn] l;Ëf] ;+;f/
Pp6f ;fgf] ufpFh:t} efg x'gyfn]sf] 5 .

;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ko| f]uaf6 b]z ljb]zdf a;f]af; ug]{ cfkmGthg / ;fyLx¿;Fu ;lhn} ;DaGw
:yflkt ug{ ;Dej ePsf] 5 . Tolt dfq geO{ OG6/g]6 / cGo ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿af6 k|fKt xg' ] ljleGg
hfgsf/Lx¿ cWoog cg;' Gwfgsf lglDt ;f| ]t / ;fwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u eO;s]sf 5g\ . o;/L x]bf{ ;fdflhs
;~hfnsf ljleGGf dfWodx¿ dfgj hLjgsf] cleGg cËsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf 5g\ .

pk/f]Qm dfWodx¿ Hfgr]tgf kj| fx / 1fg cfh{gdf ;xof]uL dfq geO{ ljleGg vfn] ;fdflhs
ck/fw, ljs[lt / lj;Ëltsf sf/s;d]t aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs hLjgdf 3l6/x]sf xTof, lx+;f, rf]/L,
8s}tL, anfTsf/h:tf ck/fwx¿ lgDTofpgdf ljleGg vfn] ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf dfWodx¿sf] b'¿kof]u
;xof]uL ag]sf 5g\ . dfgj hLjgdf lbgfg'lbg a9\bf] cfw'lgstf;Fu} lg/fzf / lj;Ëlt klg uDeL/ ;d:ofsf]
¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 .

dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq l/ª/f]8 glhs /x]sf]n] /fhwfgLsf ;a} vfn]
cfw'lgstfaf6 6f9f /xg ;Sb}g . a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f, tLj| cfjf; lgdf{0f / hg;ª\Vof j[l4 ;Fu;Fu} ;fdflhs
ck/fwsf 36gfx¿df ;d]t tLj| ¿kdf lbgfgl' bg j[l4 eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;xh hghLjg

34 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

sfod ug]{ kxndf ;xof]u ug]{ clek|fosf ;fy gu/kflnsfn] :yfgLo ljifosf] kf7\oqmddf ;fdflhs
;~hfnsf] plrt ko| f]udf hgr]tgf;DaGwL kf7nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . To;sf ;fy} gu/kflnsf If]qleq
/ glhssf lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿, ;fdflhs ;ª\3;ª\u7gx¿ Pjd\ gful/s hLjg;Fu ;xsfo{sf sfo{qmdx¿
cufl8 NofPsf] 5 .

;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] dfWodaf6 afnaflnsf / o'jfx¿df a9L c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n] To;k|lt
hgr]tgf km}nfpg' xfdL ;a}sf] lhDd]jf/L x'g cfpF5 . ;fdflhs hLjgdf 36]sf ljleGg 36gf Pjd\
ck/fwx¿af6 cfd gful/sx¿nfO{ ;';"lrt u/fO{ cfbz{ hLjg JotLt ug]{ qmddf gu/kflnsfsf lgjf{lrt
hgkl| tlglw, sd{rf/L, ;ª\3;+:yf Pjd\ cfd gful/sx¿sf] cf–cfˆgf] :yfgaf6 kxn xg' ' h?/L x'G5 . o;
sfo{df ljBfyL{, lzIfs, sd{rf/L / cleefjsx¿sf] e"ldsf plQs} dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 .

;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b¿' kofu] /f]Sg] pkfox¿M
yy cTofjZos sfddf dfq ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf ;fwgx¿ k|of]u ug]{,
yy ;fdflhs ;~hfndf k|]lift ;fdu|Lsf] ljZj;gLotf Vofn ug]{,
yy ;Lldt / e/kbf{ dflg;;Fu dfq ;Dks{ :yflkt ug]{,
yy cgfjZos Rof6 ,sd]G6 gug]{,
yy c?sf] kmf]6fx¿ hf]8]/, sf6]/ kf]:6 gug]{,
yy glrg]sf] JolStnfO{ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf ;fyL gagfpg],
yy afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljleGg /rgfTds sfddf nufpg],
yy afnaflnsfx¿ nfdf] ;do;Dd ;fdflhs ;~hfndf Jo:t ePdf cleefjsn] rf;f] /fVg],
;Demfpg],
yy ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b¿' kof]u, Cyber Crime h:tf If]qdf hfu/0fsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{,
yy ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b¿' kof]u ePsf] kfOPdf ;'/Iff lgsfodf va/ ug]{,
yy cfk;L ;xsfo{ / ;b\efjsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ cflb .

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 35

cEof;

!= lbOPsf vfnL 7fFpdf pkoQ' m zAb egx'{ f;] \ .
s= dfgj hflt ==================== ou' af6 ljleGg r/0fx¿ kf/ ub}{ cfwl' gs ou' df cfPsf x'g\ .
v= ==================== cfljisf/n] ;+;f/nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf hf]8]sf] 5 .
u= ;fdflhs ;~hfnn] ====================, ljs[lt / lj;Ëult ;d]t lgDTofpg] u/]sf] 5 .
3= tLj| cfjf; lgdf{0f / ==================== ;Fu;Fu} ;fdflhs ck/fwdf ;d]t j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
ª= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] :yfgLo ljifosf] ==================== df ;fdflhs ;~hfnnfO{ ;d]t

;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 .
r= ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b¿' kof]u ePsf] kfOPdf ==================== df va/ ug{k' 5{ .

@= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f6] s/Ldf pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ .
s= ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf dfWodx¿ s]–s] xg' \ <
v= tkfOFsf] kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]sdf ;a}eGbf a9L k|of]u xg' ] ;~rf/sf] ;fwgaf/] aofg ug{x' f];\ .
u= ;fdflhs ;~hfnn] cWoogdf s;/L ;xof]u k¥' ofpF5 < n]Vgx' f];\ .
3= ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf kd| 'v a]kmfObfx¿ s]–s] xg' \ <n]Vgx' f];\ .

#= kl/of]hgf sfo{
s= tkfOFsf] 3/, kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]sdf ko| f]u xg' ] ;~rf/sf dfWodx¿sf] lrq agfO{ ltgLx¿sf] gfd

n]Vgx' f];\ .
v= ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf c;n / v/fa kIf :ki6 emlNsg] Pp6f rf6{ tof/ u/L sIff lzIfsnfO{

a'emfpg'xf];\ .
u= cfk"m a:g] j8fsf j8f cWoIf;Fu ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b¿' kof]u / /f]syfdsf nflu ul/Psf k|of;x¿sf]

af/]df 5f]6f] s/' fsfgL u/L To;sf] kl| tj]bg tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .

36 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

kf7 M @
xk] fO -Bullying_ lj?4 k|lt/f]w / ;zStLs/0f cleofg

d]/f] gfd ;f]gfd nfdf xf] . d !$ jif{sf] xF'bf d]/f] aa' fsf] hflu/ ;?jf eof] / d sIff * df gofF
ljBfnodf egf{ ePF . gofF ljBfnodf k9\gsf nflu d lgs} pT;flxt lyPF t/ Tof] pT;fx klxnf] lbgd}
wd{/fof] . klxnf] lbg sIff lzIfsn] dnfO{ gofF ljBfyL{sf] ¿kdf lrgfpg'eof] t/ dnfO{ :jfut ug{s' f
;6\6f ;a}hgf dlt/ x]/]/ xfF:g yfn] . d sIffdf c?eGbf s]xL xf]rf] lyPF . To;}n] To; lbgb]lv g}
;a}n] dnfO{ lh:sfpg yfn] .

lbg laTb} uP / dnfO{ af]nfpg] gfdx¿ Kflg ylkFb} uP . dnfO{ kmR' r], ufG6], kG' 6], 8Nn] h:tf
pkgfdx¿n] af]nfpg yflnof] . s]6Lx¿ ;d]t d;Fu cfP/ cfˆgf] prfO gfKy] / dnfO{ luHofpFy] .
s;}–s;}n] t ætF h:tf] s]6f bO' { sIffdf k9\g'kg]{ xf]Æ eg]/ d]/f] emf]nf b'O{ sIfflt/ n}hfg vf]Hy] . d]/f]
;fdfgx¿ vf];]/ dnfO{ pkm| Lpk|mL lkmtf{ lng agfpFy] .

tL ;a s/' fx¿ d 3/df eGg klg ;lSbgy]F lsgls d cfdfaa' fnfO{ lrlGtt agfpg rfxGgy]F .
Pslbg dnfO{ s]6fx¿n] lh:sfO/x]sf] a]nf sIff !) sf] Ps hgf bfOn] b]Vge' of] . pxfFn] ;a} hgfnfO{
ufnL ub}{ lkl| G;knsf] sf]7fdf nUg'eof] . lkl| G;knn] ;a} s/' f ;g' ]/ d]/f] sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx¿nfO{
d;Fu dfkmL dfUg nufP/ cfOGbf o:tf] sfo{ gug{ r]tfjgL lbge' of] . To; lbgb]lv d]/f] hLjgdf v';L
kms]{/ cfof] .

xk] fO -Bullying_ egs] f] s] xf] <
JolQmcg';f/ x]kfO -Bullying_ sf] kl/efiff km/s km/s eP tfklg s;}nfO{ xf]Rofpg], lh:sfpg],
wDsfpg], luHofpg], lxsf{pg]h:tf x]k]/ ug]{ sfo{x¿ o;cGtu{t kb{5g\ . ;fdfGotof hf] sdhf]/ 5 pxL
Bullying sf] l;sf/ x'G5 . of] Ps lbg dfq geO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd /lx/xG5 . o;af6 kLl8tn] lgs} 7"nf]
kL8f ef]lu/x]sf] x'G5 eg] kL8sn] To;sf] cfgGb lnO/xG5 . s;}n] PSn} To:tf] sfo{ ub{5g\ eg] s;}s;}n]
;d"x g} agfP/ ul//x]sf xG' 5g\ . To:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ ljBfno, v]n d}bfg, sfof{no, af6f]3f6f] hxfFsxLF
klg x'g ;S5g\ .

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 37

Bullying ;?' df ;fdfGo 36gfsf] ¿kdf ljsf; eP tfklg o;n]
lgs} 7"nf] kl/0ffd lgDTofpg ;S5 . st}st} o;}sf sf/0fn] dfG5]x¿
dgf]/f]uL x'g], lx+;fTds 36gfx¿df ;+nUg xg' ], cfTdxTof ug]{ h:tf sfo{
ug{ ljjz xG' 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿ / lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿ ;xL lg0f{o lng
c;dy{ x'g] ePsfn] ltgLx¿df Bullying sf] c;/ a9L b]lvG5 .

cfk"m Bullying sf] l;sf/ ag]sf] jf s;}n] cfk"mnfO{ x]k]sf]
dx;;' eP rk' nfu]/ ;xg' xF'b}g . sIffsf]7fdf s;}n] x]kfOk"0f{ Jojxf/
u/]df sIff lzIfs jf lk|lG;kn;Fu ph/' L ug{k' 5{ . cGo hg' ;'s} :yfgdf
cfk"m x]lkPdf cfk"meGbf 7"nf;Fu ;xof]u dfUgk' 5{ . To;}u/L cfˆgf] glhs jf 5/l5d]sdf sf]xL Bullying
sf] l;sf/ ePsf] kfOPdf cfk"mn] ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug{'kb{5 .

x]kfO -Bullying_ lj?4sf] cleofgdf lgDg sfo{x¿ ;xofu] L xg' ;S5g\ M
yy Bullying lj?4 ;j{;fwf/0f / ljBfyL{x¿ dfem r]tgf km}nfpg],
yy ljBfnox¿df Anti Bullying Cell lgdf{0f ug]{,
yy s;}k|lt Bullying ePsf] b]v]df p;nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ / dgf]an a9fpg],
yy ;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ ;sf/fTds Jojxf/sf lglDt c7f]6 ug]{,
yy cfk;L ;xof]u, ;b\efj / e|ft[Tjsf] efjgf agfpg],
yy :yfgLo txaf6} Bullying lj?4sf] cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ cflb .

cEof;

!= tn lbOPsf vfnL 7fpFdf pko'Qm zAb eg'x{ f;] \ .
s= ;f]gfd ====================== jif{sf] xFb' f sIff * df egf{ eP .
v= ;fdfGotof ====================== JolQm Bullying sf] l;sf/ xg' ] ub{5 .
u= cfk"mnfO{ s;}n] Bullying u/]df rk' nfu]/ ====================== xF'b}g .
3= gu/kflnsf :t/df Bullying lj?4sf] ====================== ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .

38 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

@= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ .
s= tkfOFsf] ljrf/df Bullying eg]sf] s] xf] < n]Vgx' f];\ .
v= Bullying n] s]s:tf ;d:ofx¿ lgDTofpg ;S5 < rrf{ ug{'xf];\ .
u= Bullying lj?4 tkfOFsf] s] of]ubfg xg' ;S5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .
3= ljBfnodf Bullying lj?4 s]s:tf sfdx¿ ug{ ;lsG5 <
ª= Bullying df ;+nUg x'g] JolQmnfO{ s;/L ;Demfpg ;lsG5 < n]Vgx' f];\ .
#= kl/ofh] gf sfo{
s= sIffdf cfk"m / ;fyLx¿ x]lkPsf] dx;;' ePdf ug' f;f] ug{sf nflu Pp6f ug' f;f] afs;

-Complain Box_ lgdf{0f u/L sIff sf]7fdf em0' 8\ofpgx' f];\ .
v= Bullying lj?4 rf6{ lgdf{0f u/L ljBfnosf] k|fy{gf ;dodf ;a}nfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ / :6fkm sf]7fdf

/fVgx' f];\ .
u= ;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ cfˆgf] ljBfnodf Bullying lj?4sf] hfu/0f cleofg ;~rfng ug{'xf];\ .

xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL 39

kf7 M #
xfdf| ] ;d'bfo / gu/kflnsfk|lt xfdf| ] stJ{ o / hjfkmb]lxtf

-cfh sIff * sf ljBfyL{x¿ / lzIfsaLr xfd|f] ;d'bfo / gu/kflnsfkl| t xfdf| ] st{Jo / hjfkmb]lxtf eGg]
ljifodf Pp6f ;+jfb xF'b} 5 ._
ljBfyL{x¿ M gd:t] u'?cfdf Û
u?' cfdf M gd:t,] ;a}hgf a:g'xf];\ . ca xfdL cfhsf] 5nkmn ;'? ug]{ xfO] g t <
cfef M xf] u'?cfdf . cfh xfdL ss] f] af/]df 5nkmn ub{} 5f}F lg <
u'?cfdf M cfh xfdL xfdf| ] ;d'bfo / gu/kflnsfkl| t xfdf| ] st{Jo / hjfkmbl] xtfsf] af/]df
s'/fsfgL ub5{} fF} .
l/tz] M xj;\ u'?cfdf .
u?' cfdf M ;db' fo egs] f] t tkfOxF ¿ ;an} fO{ yfxf 5 xfO] g / <
cgfldsf M xfd|f] ufp3F / / 5/l5d]s ldn]/ ;d'bfo aG5 xlu u?' cfdf <
u?' cfdf M xf], tkfOFn] 7Ls eGg'eof] . xfdLn] cufl8sf kf7x¿df 5nkmn ul/;s]sf
5fF} ls ljleGg ;db' fox¿ ldn/] j8f / ljleGg j8fx¿ ldn]/ ufpkF flnsf jf
gu/kflnsf ags] f] x'G5 .

40 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL

cgGt M xfdL a;]sf] dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf hDdf !) cf6] f j8fx¿ ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 xfO] g /
u'?cfdf <
u?' cfdf M 7Ls xf] . of] s/' f xfdLn] gu/kflnsfsf] u7g k|lqmof eGg] kf7df lj:tt[
¿kdf 5nkmn ul/;s]sf 5f}F .
nl' gef M xf] u'?cfdf .
u'?cfdf M o; ;d'bfo jf gu/kflnsfleq a;fa] f; ug{] xfdL ;a} hgfn] cfkm" a;s] f]
7fpFnfO{ :jR5, ;G' b/ / ;d'Ggt agfpg] kxn ugk{' b{5 . jf:tjdf xfd|f] ufpF
;x/ xfdLn] g} /fd|f] agfpg] xfO] g /, ls s;f] <
cfef M Tof] t ;/sf/sf] sfd xf]Og / u'?cfdf <
u'?cfdf M To;f] eg/] sxfF x'G5 / < ;/sf/ egs] f] klg t xfdLx¿n] rg' /] xfd}| lglDt
k7fPsf] kl| tlglwx¿sf] ;dx" t xf] lg . h;/L xfdf| ] 3/
kl/jf/ k|lt bfloTj 5 o;/L g} of] ;dfh, ;d'bfo / gu/kflnsfk|lt klg
xfdf| ] lhDdj] f/L 5 . xfdL a:g] 7fpFnfO{ xfdLn] ;kmf ;U' 3/ /fVg'k5{ .
Pscsfd{ f ;xofu] sf] cfbfgkb| fg ugk{' 5{ . sg' } 7fpdF f g/fdf| ] 36gf 36s] f]
yfxf kfPdf ;DalGwt 7fpdF f va/ ug{'k5{ .
l/t]z M c? s] ug{ ;lsG5 lg u'?cfdf <
u'?cfdf M ;d'bfo / gu/kflnsfsf] sfddf ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ . ljsf; lgdf{0fsf]
sfddf cfjZos k/s] f] v08df hg>dbfg lbg ;lsG5 . To;}u/L ;rt] /
lhDd]jf/ gful/ssf] xl} ;otn] ;dod} s/ ltg],{ lgjf{rgsf] an] fdf ;Ifd
Pjd\ lhDdj] f/ hgkl| tlglwnfO{ dtbfg ug{] h:tf sfdx¿ klg xfdf| ]
st{Joleq kb{5g\ .
cgfldsf M of] s/ ltg{] egs] f] s] xf] / u?' cfdf < d}n] /fd|f];uF al' emg lg Û
u'?cfdf M s/ eg]sf] hgtfn] /fHoaf6 ;]jf;l' jwf pkefu] u/a] fkt /fHonfO{ ltgk{' g{]
/fh:j xf] . xfdLn] k;] f Joj;fo cflbaf6 cfDbfgL u/s] f] /sdsf] sx] L lx:;f
;/sf/nfO{ s/sf] ¿kdf ltgk{' 5{ . ToxL g} ;/sf/sf] cfDbfgL xf] / To;a} f6
g} kz| f;lgs sfd, ljsf; lgdf0{ f h:tf ;Dk0" f{ sfdx¿ ug]{ xf] . b]zsf ;rt] gful/ssf]
xl} ;otn] xfdf| ] ;db' fo / gu/kflnsfnfO{ cf–cfˆgf] 7fpFaf6 ;xof]u ug'{
xfdL ;a}sf] bfloTj xf] .
cgGt M d/] f] cfdf klg j8f ;b:o xg' 'xG' 5 lg u?' cfdf .

xfdL / xfdf| ] dxfnIdL 41

u?' cfdf M P xf] / < To;f] eP t ltdLn] cfˆgf] 3/af6 klg s]xL l;Sg] df}sf kfPsf /x5] f} .
ltdLx¿ ;an} ] cfhsf] 5nkmnsf s'/fx¿ a'‰g'eof] xg} <
;a} M xf] u'?cfdf Û xfdLnfO{ 5n{Ë eof] .
u?' cfdf M of] gu/ / ;db' fo;Fu xfdLn] sx] L kf| Kt ug]{ cfzf ug'e{ Gbf klxn] s]xL ug{]
k|lta¢tf hgfpg' h?/L xG' 5 . oxL g} b]zelQmsf] efjgf klg xf] . ltdL
oj' fx¿sf] o; sfo{df cem} a9L st{Jo x'G5 lsgeg] of] bz] ;~rfng
ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ lhDDff ltdLx¿sf] sfFwdf cfp5F . To;} s/' fnfO{ dgg u//] xfdf| ]
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsfn] oj' fx¿sf] bfloTj / hjfkmbl] xtf;DaGwL ljifonfO{ :yfgLo
kf7\oqmddf ;dfjz] u/s] f] 5 . o;af6 klg ;db' fok|ltsf] xfd|f] lhDd]jf/Lsf]
ckI] ff yk u/]sf] s'/f k:| 6 xG' 5 .
cgGt M xfdLn] ;dfhaf6 s] kfof}F eGg'eGbf klxn] xfdLn] ;dfhnfO{ s] lbof}F eg/]
x]gk'{ g{] /x5] x}g t u'?cfdf <
u?' cfdf M xf] tkfOFn] lgs} /fdf| ] s'/f ug'{eof] . b]z agfpg] egs] f] xfdLx¿n] g} xf] .
xfdLn] gu/] s;n] u5{ t xf]Og / <
;a} M xfdLn] a'‰of+} u'?cfdf .
u?' cfdf M n t cfhnfO{ olt g} . efl] n gofF ljifodf 5nkmn u/f}Fnf . tkfOFx¿n]
a'em]sf] s/' f ;fyLx¿nfO{ / 5/l5ds] nfO{ klg a'emfpgk' 5{ n .
;a} M xj;\ u?' cfdf .

cEof;

!= tn lbOPsf vfnL 7fpFdf pkoQ' m zAb egx'{ f];\ .
s= dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf ================== cf]6f j8fx¿ ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 .
v= xfdL gu/af;Ln] cfˆgf] 7fpFnfO{ ;kmf, ;'Gb/ / ================== agfpg'k5{ .
u= ;/sf/ eg]sf] xfdLn] r'g]/ k7fPsf ================== sf] ;d"x xf] .
3= ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfddf cfjZos k/]sf] v08df ================== lbg ;lsG5 .
ª= xfd|f] cfDbfgLsf] s]xL lx:;f ;/sf/nfO{ ================== ltg{k' 5{ .
r= b]zaf6 s] kfPF eGg'eGbf klxn] ================== eg]/ x]g{k' b{5 .
@= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ .

42 xfdL / xfd|f] dxfnIdL