BQS554 BUILDING SERVICE II_AP224 4C_GROUP 1

BQS554
BUILDING SERVICES II

PROPOSED A SYSTEM
FOR A MULTI-STOREY
SMART HOME

CLASS:
AP224 4C

PUBLISHED BY;
Anis Liyana Damia binti Sanusi ................................... 2021393755
Hidayati Amminy binti Ahmad Amminy ................ 2020628578
Nur Hidayah binti Ishak .................................................. 2021393385
Siti Ili Maisarah binti Mat Kamil ……............................. 2021504899

PUBLISHED FOR;
Dr. Siti Nor Azniza binti Ahmad Sekak

CONTENTS PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A
MULTI-STORY SMART HOME

INTRODUCTION 01

An introduction to the Smart Home and the
background of the proposed project

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM 04

Smart Smoke Detector

SPECIAL INSTALLATION 13

Smart Door Lock

2 4T E L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N
Wi-Fi

32 HEATING, VENTILATION &
AIR CONDITIONING

Smart Air Conditioner

41 MECHANICAL HANDLING
Hydraulic Lift

52 CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION

53 REFERENCES

I N T R O D U C T I O N PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A
MULTI-STORY SMART HOME

Smart home system has been introducing the concept of networking gadgets and
equipment in house for more than a decade Rosslin (2010). A smart home can be defined
as home controller that features a system which links to your appliances to automate
specific functions. It is can be controlled remotely from anywhere by connect the services
with the internet. The consumer or home owner can handle it freely by using a mobile or
other networked device such as i-pad, laptop and desktop computer. As electronic
technologies merge, the field of home automation is quickly increasing nowadays.
Communications, entertainment, security, and information systems are all part of the
home network that has been advanced for the convenience and comfort of consumer. The
services in smart home can be programmed to perform almost anything. Due to that,
many people use them without hesitation.

There are many advantages to using this smart home system. The ability of smart
homes to make life easier and more convenient is undeniable. Home networking can also
provide you a sense of security. It will keep you informed about the situation of your house
whether you are at work or on vacation, and security systems can be built to provide a
great deal of assistance in an emergency. Next, smart home also provide comfort to the
consumer. It will make life easier because household task can be handled by using smart
devices while sitting peacefully on the sofa or in bed. In addition, smart homes allow
consumer to arrange technological devices according to the preferences. The consumer of
smart home can have the shades drawn automatically at a predetermined time and
change the brightness of both indoor and outdoor lights depends on the wishes.

Other than that, in exchange for the expense of installing the smart system, it also
can save a lot of money. The world is becoming increasingly expensive nowadays and
people are becoming increasingly anxious about their utility costs. However, smart home
enabled with lighting control which allow homeowners to reduce electricity use and
benefit from energy-related cost savings. Moreover, smart home also gives great benefits
for an elderly person who living alone. It can warn residents when it was time to take
medicine and send an alarm to the hospital if there is an accident happen in the house.
Those with disabilities or a limited range of motion also would benefit from this easy-to-
control smart home systems.

01 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

Background

Project

Silk Residence is a well-designed, reasonably priced family home in Cheras South. Cheras Hong Soon, a
well-known group in the construction industry, is in charge of the project's development. The property has all
of the amenities and features that make it one of the best residence in the country. Silk Residence is a great
smart home area to live in. Each house in the Silk Residence is a 3-storey modern style house with 2945 Sq Ft.
There are 3 Bedrooms, 3 full baths, 1 half baths and private car garage. It is also has various of smart services
and features like a swimming pool in the house. Besides that, the house is surrounded by greenery which
makes it beautiful to look at and to live in. Most importantly, the entry and exit area is also equipped with the
latest security gadgets which provides 24 hours protection to residents. This will ensure that they are safe
from any exterior threats.

The residents do not need to be concerned about anything because everything they require is easily
available. There are complex that rapidly expanding with wide range of amenities around residence. There
are also numerous educational institutions in the area that provide high-quality education. IIUM Montessori
Bandar Tun Hussien Onn, Sekolah Menengah Agama Tinggi Ar-rahman, and Sekolah Kebangsaan Taming
Jaya are among the well-known educational institutions near the Silk Residence. The residence also has
many famous shopping spots such as Econsave Balakong and Aeon Balakong. The residence also near with
the hospitals and medical clinics where the residents can go in case of any medical situation. Columbia Asia
Hospital Cheras, Klinik Aziani, and Klinik Impian Sdn. Bhd. are a few of the well-known medical clinics and
hospitals. Silk Residence was built with strategic planning and consideration of importance various
accessibility for residents in that area.

LOCATION
PROJECT

02 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SMART DOOR LOCK SMART AIR CONDITIONER

WI-FI HYDRAULIC LIFT

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

BUILDING
SERVICES

IN THIS MULTI STOREY SMART HOME
03 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEM

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

WHAT IS SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

Smart smoke detectors work similarly to regular
smoke detectors, but with the added benefit of
Internet of Things connectivity. It is a technology that
detects or identifies smoke, usually as a fire warning
signal. When smoke or fire is detected, they sound
an alarm to give people as much time as possible to
escape in the case of a home fire. Self-testing
functions in smart smoke detectors by checking the
battery power and correct sensor operation, and
send an alert to the smartphones if there is a
problem. The majority of smart smoke detectors also
detect carbon monoxide.

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

Smart smoke detectors will be connected to the smart phones via
Wi-Fi and provide real-time notifications in the form of text
messages and in-app notifications in case one of the fire detectors
has detected smoke or has got triggered. It also connected with the
cellular network to send real-time messages to the emergency
services and also to the users. This provides security in case of no Wi-
Fi connection. Standard smoke detectors only detect smoke and fire
an alarm while smart smoke detectors will be so much more than
that. They will not only detect the signs of fire but also interconnect
with other items such as turn on lights so we can find our way out
easily by unlock doors to provide ease in evacuation and even turn
off heating and ventilation systems that might cause the quick
spreading of fire. Smart smoke detector should be install in the
middle of the room with a minimum distance of 50 cm from the
nearest wall. The best place for smart smoke detector is inside and
outside the bedrooms and on every level of home including
basement.

04 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

Smart smoke detector can be install without specialist as it is
very simple instructions. The installation requirements are Wi-
Fi network and a smartphones or tablet. The smart smoke
detector will detect the smoke and will sound even without the
Wi-Fi connection. However, Wi-Fi is needed to receive
smartphone alert when we are not home.

INSTALLATION PROCESS 01 DETERMINE THE MOUNTING LOCATION
02
03 Choose a proper locations to install the smart smoke detector which it
is best to install on the ceiling as the smoke will rise. Avoid corner
04 where the wall meets the ceiling, and do not place it over the stoves,
ovens, clothes dryers and near windows or air ducts.
05
06 CHECK THE WIFI CONNECTION

Check the smartphones to make sure it have Wi-Fi connection where
the device have been choose to be install. Try to move the Wi-Fi
router closer if the connection is low.

SECURING THE MOUNT TO THE CEILING

Place the mount in the relevant position then mark the two fixing
holes with a pencil and drill the two holes. Insert one anchor in each
of two holes then insert and tighten the two screws while leaving
2mm or 0.08 inches gap below the heads. Align the holes of the
mount with the screws on the ceiling. Slide the mount to the right
turn the mount counterclockwise to the marked line. Finish
tightening the two screws in order to secure the mount.

INSTALL THE SMART SMOKE DETECTOR TO THE
MOUNT

Install the smoke smart detector on the mount by aligning the marks
on it with the smart smoke detector. Then, turn it clockwise in order
to lock assembly. The smart smoke detector LED will light up to
indicate that the device is working correctly.

DOWNLOADING THE SECURITY APP

Download the security app that the device had provide on Google
Play Store or App Store. Follow the instructions on the screen to pair
the smartphones with the smart smoke detector.

TEST THE SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

Once all the smartphones has pair with the smart smoke detector,
press the test button on each alarm and try to turn it off using the
apps in the smartphones.

05 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

BENEFITS OF SMART

SMOKE DETECTOR

1.0 ABILITY TO DETECT FIRES FASTER



One of the main advantages of a smart smoke detector is that it
can detect a fire much faster than a traditional one. A standard
smoke detector works by identifying situations when there is
too much smoke in a given room. Smart smoke detectors go a
step further than this as it will identify when a room is too hot
or has experienced a dramatic increase in the temperature.
These detectors wirelessly interconnect with other compatible
smart alarms. It is very practical especially if we have a big
house. For example, if smoke or carbon monoxide is detected
on the first floor while we are watching a movie in the
basement, all the connected detectors will sound to alert us of
the danger.

2.0 NOTIFICATIONS AND ALERT SERVICES

Another added benefit of a smart smoke detector
is that it will send out a variety of different
notifications and alerts to different parties. These
smart smoke detectors can be connected to an
infrastructure system that will notify the local fire
department if there is a fire present. Additionally,
anyone with an app connected to the smart smoke
detector will also be able to receive a notification
that a fire is occurring, even if they are not at home.

3.0 RELIABILITY AND BATTERY LIFE



More often than not, it is recommended that people change
their smoke detector batteries a few times per year.
However, with smart smoke detectors, we can be assured
that they will last much longer when running on a new
battery. Since the battery lasts 5 years, and the device 10, we
might forget about changing them. The beauty of a smart
detector is that we will get notified on the app when the
battery is low or nearing the end of its product life. No more
annoying chirps at 2 a.m. reminding us to change the
battery, unless by ignoring the notifications. Additionally, we
can check the power level of our smart smoke detectors at
any time through the use of the application.

06 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

PROBLEMS OF SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

Low network connection Lack of privacy

Network connectivity is one of the most Smart technologies can be hack by hacker
common issues that smart smoke detector in easiest way. Nowadays with small data
owners will encounter. Even the smart from smart devices, the hacker can hack
smoke detector can still work when the into our house. The cloud is often used as a
network connection is low, but when we euphemism for sensitive information that is
are away from home, the Internet or Wi-Fi openly transmitted and stored on internet-
is needed to check on the device. If fire accessible systems. Homeowners should
breakout in the house and our investigate technologies that come with
smartphones are not connect to Internet or internal storage, as well as encryption. These
Wi-Fi, the devices cannot reach the features make it harder for cybercriminals
smartphone to give fire alert or smoke to hack the data or household.
alert.

Detector freezes up

Sometimes when we use smartphone app,
there will be time when it will crash and
freeze up everything. It is great being able
to have the device to detect or sense
smoke from anywhere in the house, but
when we are having a normal day at home,
it can be a chore to track the phone down
every time you want to make a simple
adjustment to in living space. It can be
annoying when it activates and give false
alarm while the smartphone apps is crash.

07 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

COMPONENT FUNCTION
Arduino Mega 2560
It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as
Flame Sensor PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs a 16 MHz crystal
MQ-2 Gas Sensor oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and
a reset button. It is to support the microcontroller by simply
Buzzer 5V connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an
Breadboard AC to DC adapter or battery to get started.

ESP 8266 It is a detector which is mainly designed for detecting as well
as responding to the occurrence of a fire or flame. This sensor
detects flame otherwise wavelength within the range of 760
nm – 1100 nm from the light source. This sensor is used in
industrial boilers. The main function of this is to give
authentication whether the boiler is properly working or not.

MQ2 gas sensor is an electronic sensor used for sensing the
concentration of gases in the air such as LPG, propane,
methane, hydrogen, alcohol, smoke and carbon monoxide. It
contains a sensing material whose resistance changes when it
comes in contact with the gas.

A 5V Active Alarm Buzzer Module for Arduino is an audio
signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectri, have the drive circuitry built into them, so a
simple logic level signal will activate the buzzer. It is mainly
useful for signaling or an alarm.

A breadboard is used to build and test circuits quickly before
finalizing any circuit design. Most electronic components in
electronic circuits can be interconnected by inserting their
leads or terminals into the holes and then making connections
through wires where appropriate.
ESP8266 offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi
networking solution, allowing it to either host the application
or to offload all Wi-Fi networking functions from another
application processor.

08 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

PRINCIPLE Wireless system design
AND SYSTEM
Wireless detectors and their inbuilt receivers

are UL approved and run on one or more
internal batteries. The smart smoke detector
System Prototype circuitry includes monitoring of the internal
battery power supply. The smart smoke
detector will sound a local warning and
trigger a fault signal once per hour for a
minimum of seven days or until the battery or
batteries are replaced if the battery power
source depletes to the UL threshold.

By sending out a separate alarm signal, the
wireless starting devices are supervised for
alteration or removal. Every hour, each
wireless device sends a test transmission to
validate the communication circuit. Every four
hours, any device that is unable to
communicate is detected on the control
panel.

1. LED
2. FLAME SENSOR
3. MQ-2 SENSOR
4. BREADBOARD
5.NODEMCU (ESP 8266)
6.ARDUINO MEGA
7. BUZZER

09 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

SPACE IMPLICATION

For this proposed smart home, the smart smoke
detector not taking much space as it was place on
ceiling. There will be no issue on space implication
as the device is also about 6 inches. It is place on
every level including all bedrooms, living rooms,
halls, storage area, unfinished crawl spaces and car
garage. The smart smoke detector are install all
place except bathroom or near air conditioning or
incoming air vents as it can cause excessive
accumulation of dust and dirt on detector. This dirt
can cause detector to give unwanted alarms.

GROUND FLOOR

LEGEND
SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

10 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

FIRST FLOOR

LEGEND
SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

SECOND FLOOR

LEGEND
SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

11 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR (CONT'D)

BUILDING
REGULATIONS

Fire protection regulations in Malaysia are
stipulated under the Malaysian Uniform
Building By-Laws 1984, (the latest
amendment as of 2012). The UBBL
requirements on Fire are under Part VII -Fire
Requirements and Part VIII – Fire Alarms, Fire
Detection, Fire Extinguishment and Fire
Fighting Access.

According to Uniform Building By-Law 1984, (the latest amendment as of 2012),
every building need to provide fire safety equipment and it must be check regularly.
Under UBBL 225 in reference to 10th Schedule:

225. Detecting and extinguishing fire

1) Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and extinguishing
fire and with fire alarms together in accordance with the requirements as
specified in the Tenth Schedule to these By-Laws.

2) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more
than 45 meters from the nearest point of fire brigade access, designed and
installed in accordance with PM 1489. In any case, the distance between water
taps shall not exceed 90 meters

3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of
access for the fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may
be required by the Fire Authority.

In Note 6 and 7 of UBBL amendment 2012 stated that:

Note 6:
Smoke Detector of the self contained type is to be provided at the top of the
staircase.

Note 7:
Smoke Detector of the self contained type need to be install in every
bedrooms.

12 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL
INSTALLATION

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK

WHAT IS SMART DOOR LOCK

A smart lock is an electromechanical lock
designed to perform locking and unlocking
operations on a door when it receives such
instructions from an authorized device using a
wireless protocol without using any physical
keys. With the advancement of technologies,
smart locks have been considered as a part of
the Internet of Things (IoT) since it is connected
and share data.

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

In theory, a smart door lock functions similarly
to a manual door lock which is a door that is
secured to the frame by a bolt. However, it
replaces the actual keys with something else
such as a code, a key card, or a wireless remote.
The applications of this smart door lock in a
smart residential building are used for the main
entrance door of the house. This door lock
feature is intended for usage in areas where
privacy is a priority.

13 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

The typical installation of smart door lock basically depends on the
brand of the smart door lock as every brands has their own
installation processes. However, the installation process is mainly
same but will vary in a few aspects. When purchasing the smart door
lock it will come with guideline book of installation process.

INSTALLATION PROCESS 01 CHECK THE DOOR TYPE
02
03 Check the thickness of the door onto which the lock will be installed.

04 CONFIRM THE HOLE HEIGHT OF THE DOOR LOCK
05
06 Under standard conditions, the entrance door handle is roughly 1.2m tall and
the living room door handle is around 1m tall.

USE THE CUTTING HOLE DRAWING TO CUT OUT
HOLES

After ensuring the handle's center position, secure the drawing given on the
center position so that the side of the drawing overlaps the side of the door.
When punching the holes, precisely refer to the given design to prevent
cutting out an oversize or undersize hole that would interfere with
installation. Save the screw holes for the strike and cut some space in the
door slot for the connecting line using a chisel or other equipment.

FIX THE LOCK BODY

Insert the lock body in the door slot. Pull the lock connection cable from the
uppermost hole to the inside of the door. Use two screws to install and fix the
opposite corners of the lock body.

INSTALL THE LOCK CYLINDER

Insert the lock cylinder from the inside of the door to the outside of the door.
Screw the screws into the front of the lock body to secure the lock cylinder.

INSTALL THE LARGE SQUARE SHAFT

Make the big square shaft overlap the strike's centre point. Measure the
distance outside the façade between the two ends of the big square shaft
with a ruler. Insert the big square shaft labelled 'inside' and the inward arrow
facing up from the outside of the lock door to the interior of the door firmly.

14 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

The typical installation of smart door lock basically depends on the
brand of the smart door lock as every brands has their own
installation processes. However, the installation process is mainly
same but will vary in a few aspects. When purchasing the smart door
lock it will come with guideline book of installation process.

07 INSTALL THE ADAPTERS AND THE LOCK-OUT SMALL
SQUARE SHAFT

Install two adapters on the front panel. They must be tightened and keep
upright to avoid slant. Rotate the lock out button of the rear panel to the
vertical direction. Rotate the plastic buckle of the lock out hole on the rear
panel 45 degree. Insert the lock-out small square shaft into the lock-out hole
then rotate the plastic buckle 45 degree.

INSTALLATION PROCESS 08 INSTALL THE FRONT AND REAR PANELS

Insert the front panel connection wire from the outside of the door into the
interior of the door through the door hole. After that, line the handle hole with
the large square shaft and put the adapters into the holes on both sides of the
lock body and lock cylinder. The cable links the front panel, lock body, lock
cylinder, and back panel. Secure the buckle. Then, line the handle hole on the
back panel with the big square shaft and insert the small square shaft into
the lock body's small square shaft hole. Tighten the front and rear panels.
Insert the interlock screws into the screw holes of the back panel. Install the
rubber cap in the battery compartment and under the lock-out button.

09 INSTALL THE FRAME REINFORCER

Close the door nearly all the way and draw a line on it (above the latch bolt).

Draw a horizontal line at the height of the latch bolt and a vertical

corresponding line based on the frame reinforcer and the door's center.

Confirm the exact position of the frame reinforcer. Then, to secure the frame

reinforcer, confirm four screw holes, punch holes, and attach screws.

10 TEST THE NEW LOCK

Place the battery cover and 4 AA batteries into the rear panel compartment.
Check to see whether the keys, password, and fingerprint unlock are all
working properly. Install the other two screws to fix the lock body.

15 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

BENEFITS OF SMART
DOOR LOCK

1.0 OFFERS BETTER CONVENIENCE



With a smart door lock, any loss of physical keys can
be eliminated.
Some smart lock models have a feature where the
door lock can be scheduled to lock & unlock at any
time by using the apps on a smartphone.
Moreover, it can be detected the owner’s
smartphone from a distance, so it can lock and
unlock depending on the owner’s approach.

2.0 EASY TO USE



The operation is easier to use and straightforward.
In a short time, the user can understand how to
install and use the door lock through manuals or
get the instructions directly from the installation
staff.

3.0 OFFERS HIGH SECURITY

Traditional lock models may be subject to lock
picking or lock bumping which these methods
are usually used by the thieves to open locks
without the original key.
Some door locks do not have a key slot, thereby
removing the risk of this kind of break-in.
Furthermore, by using it, homeowners can sync
the door lock with their smartphone and be
notified when it is locked or unlocked at any
time. Hence, homeowners can keep the home
secure.

16 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

PROBLEMS OF SMART DOOR LOCK

Cannot be lock or unlock using Difficulties in fingerprint

digital lock recognition

When unlocking using the digital lock, the Sweaty palms easily stain the fingerprint tip,
door cannot be opened from the inside or reducing the effectiveness of fingerprint
outside for a variety of reasons. Such as the identification and making it impossible or
door being trapped in more than one difficult to recognize. In summer, this issue
locking point after descending or happen due to recognition issue caused by
something being destroyed in the gearbox temperature changes. Because the
mechanism. The problem in unlock and matching temperature at the moment of
lock might also cause by the lock each fingerprint entry is recorded.
mechanism seizing or faulty retraction of Temperature is an identifying factor, and
the deadbolt or hook. when the temperature difference is too big,
the identification efficiency suffers.

Battery failure

When we meet a malfunctioning battery that
cannot retain a charge or worse, begins to corrode,
we call this a battery failure. A corroded battery
might be causing more harm to the smart door
lock's electronic machinations.

17 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

INDOOR PANEL

COMPONENT FUNCTION

1 This cover protects the batteries and the registration button.
Place the battery cover at the front panel compartment.
Battery Cover
Act as a receiver by connect the data that will be receive from
2 the outside.

Interlocking Pack It is used to register or change password or smart key. Position
at the inside panel.
3
Allows the lock to be inserted. It is attached to the side of the
Registration Button door and closes or locks the door.

4 Locks the door by locking it on the door frame. It is place inside
the door to connect the door frame and the door leaf when
Mortise locking the door.

5 It serves to keep the door shaken. It is place inside the door to
connect the door frame and the door leaf when closing the
Dead Bolt (Square door.
locking type)
18 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME
6

Latch Bolt

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

INDOOR PANEL (cont'd)

COMPONENT FUNCTION

7 It is a power source that operates the door lock. Place the
batteries at the specific compartment.
AA Battery
It can be used to lock the door so that it cannot be opened
8 outside, such as during night time hours that require attention.
Place together with interlocking pack at the inner body of the
Double Lock Button lock panel.

9 It is used to open or close the door indoors. It place at the
center usually and connect the lock body.
Indoor Handle

OUTDOOR PANEL

COMPONENT FUNCTION

1 Enter the number when registering or changing password.
Place at the outside panel and connecting it with inside panel
Name Board once it receive data.

19 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

OUTDOOR PANEL (cont'd)

COMPONENT FUNCTION

2 Turns on with an audible alarm at low voltage. Place at keypad
to enter the code and connect with the batteries voltage.
Battery Warning Light
It is the location where smart keys are identified and used to
3 open the door. Place at the outside panel and connecting it
with inside panel once it receive data.
Smart Key Input Unit

4 Key formula only. Place at outdoor panel.

Emergency Hole

5 It is used to open or close doors from outdoors. It place at the
center usually and connect the lock body.
Outdoor Handle

6 It is an extra batteries power. In case the battery is completely
discharged, you can use 9V battery then, the power will be on.
Emergency Power

Terminal

7 To unlock the door from outside. You may register your
fingerprint and unlock the door using the registered
Fingerprint Input fingerprint.
Unit

20 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

The basic principle of smart monitor

PRINCIPLE The smart monitor is always in the receiving
AND SYSTEM state, receiving alarm information and status
information from the smart door lock in a fixed

format. For the alarm information, the sound
and light alarms are immediately sent through
The basic principle of smart door lock the LCD display and the buzzer. While for the
status information, it is stored in the memory
The smart door lock is also based on the 51 series and compared with the historical state of the
single chip microcomputer (AT89051), with the electronic lock before this time, and the trend is
corresponding hardware circuit, and comes with changed to predict the future. The status
the setting, storage, identification and display of changes, and the corresponding information is
the password. The single-chip microcomputer provided to the duty officer through the LCD
sends the unlocking operation and the driving display for decision making.
current value of the electromagnetic actuator as
the status information to the smart monitor at Line multiplexing technology
this time and also sends the alarm information
received from the sensor interface to the smart Smart monitors and smart door lock are placed
monitor. off-site. If the communication line and the
power supply line are separated, it is necessary
The smart door lock receives the typed code and to increase the number of cable cores and
compares it with the password stored in the increase the safety hazard. The smart monitor
EEPROM. If the password is correct, the receives the status information sent by the lock
electromagnetic actuator is unlocked. If the (including the opening and closing of the lock,
password is incorrect, the operator is allowed to the first password error, the second password
re-enter the password, up to three times. If three error, the third password error). The smart
times If it is not correct, the smart door lock will monitor is always in the receiving state during
alarm the intelligent monitor through the communication with the smart door lock. The
communication line. smart door lock repeatedly transmits 5 times for
each group of data. After receiving the data, the
smart monitor corrects the error by using the
large number decoding law.

21 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

SPACE IMPLICATION

Based on the layout of our proposed smart
home, the building consists of 3 floors level.
Smart door locks, it is only been installed at the
entrance door of the ground floor level. The
space implications for this system do not take
much space since it has only been installed at
the surface of the doors. In addition, this system
can be installed by homeowners without hiring
a specialist since the manual is provided
together when we purchase it.

GROUND FLOOR

Smart Door
Lock

22 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

SPECIAL INSTALLATION

SMART DOOR LOCK (CONT'D)

BUILDING
REGULATIONS

In Malaysia, the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) 1984 enacted under the Street
Drainage and Building Act 1974 stipulate that all new buildings require
submission of plans for approvals prior to construction by a principal submitting
person (PSP), such as a Professional Architect and Professional Engineer. The
UBBL 1984 stipulates the building's structural requirements related to the design
and specifications of materials, loadings, foundation and superstructure; which
govern the design, specifications and construction of walls, floor and building
structure. At the same time, for England and Wales, the latest security
legislation are under the Building Regulation 2010, and the Approved Document
Q. The following requirements are such in below:

Section 1: Doors

General
1.1 All door sets (including garage doorsets and communal entrance
doorsets) providing access into a dwelling or into a building containing a
dwelling should be secure doorsets in accordance with paragraphs 1.2 -1.4.

Design of secure doorsets
1.2 Doorsets should be manufactured to a design which has been shown by
test to meet the requirements of British Standards Publication PAS 24:2012
or be designed and manufactured in accordance with annex B.

1.3 Primary dwelling entrance doors (usually the front entrance doorset)
should be provided with a door viewer unless there are other means to
visually identify callers, such as clear glass within the door or a window
immediately adjacent to the doorset. The same doorset should also be
installed with a door chain or door limiter.

Annex A: Key terms A complete door assembly, consisting of the door frame,
door leaf or leaves, essential hardware and any integral
Doorset - side panel or fanlight (excluding coupled assemblies).

Secure doorset - A doorset proven to resist physical attack by a casual or
opportunist burglar or a bespoke doorset incorporating
proven crime reduction construction features.

23 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

TELECOMMUNICATION

WI-FI

WHAT IS WI-FI

Wi-Fi is the wireless technology that connects
multiple devices such as computers, tablets and cell
phones. "Wireless fidelity" is what Wi-Fi stands for. It
will be works by using wireless router and connect
directly to the internet modem. It functions as a hub
to broadcast internet signal. In both business and
home environments, it has become the standard
technology for wireless local area networking. The
Wi-Fi approach would take advantage of the existing
WLAN infrastructure, which has a big installed base.

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

Wi-Fi transmits data from wireless network to Wi-Fi enabled
devices such as TV, smartphone, tablet, and computer using
radio waves. Wi-Fi technology is a widely utilised wireless
technology that is used in a variety of applications such as
mobile apps, business applications, home applications,
computerised applications, the automotive segment, internet
browsing, and video conferencing are all examples of mobile
applications. Wi-Fi technology is a simple and cost-effective
way to connect to the internet without having to use wires.
Nowadays, it improves because of the reduced cost as well as
the freedom it gives to the consumer.

24 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

WI-FI (CONT'D)

The first step in building a solid home network is to install a router,
but how to choose the appropriate one? And how to setting up the
router? It's rather simple to set up your own home wireless network if
you already have high-speed Internet connection. A wireless network,
commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, enables you to connect laptops,
smartphones, and other mobile devices to your home Internet service
without the use of an Ethernet connection.

INSTALLATION PROCESS 01 INSTALLING THE ROUTER
02
03 A wireless router is required to set up your own Wi-Fi network. This is the
gadget that will distribute your Internet modem's Wi-Fi signal across your
home.

CONNECT THE ROUTER TO YOUR MODEM

The router will have a WAN/WLAN/Internet label on the rear. Using a regular
Ethernet cable, connect this port to the modem.

INSTALL THE ROUTER SOFTWARE

Using the bundled software instead of the setup menus makes setting up a
router much easier.

04 ENTER YOUR INTERNET CONNECTION INFORMATION

This contains your internet service provider's IP address and DNS information.
This part is usually filled up automatically by most routers.

05 SET YOUR WIRELESS SETTINGS
06
The Wireless Settings area of most routers may be found near the top of the
router's menu. You can enable or disable the wireless signal, modify the
network name, and adjust the encryption from this section.

CONNECT A DEVICE TO THE NETWORK

You can test the connection by searching for wireless networks with a Wi-Fi
device such as a computer or a smartphone once the router has broadcasted
a wireless signal.

25 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

WI-FI (CONT'D)

BENEFITS OF WI-FI

1.0 CONVENIENCE

First of all, Wi-Fi is convenience technology because
multiple people can join to a wireless network at the same
time. Connections can be created using the router or a
hotspot technology in a matter of seconds without any
setups. In wired networks, this ease of use and comfort is
not available. Configuring and granting access to several
users takes longer on a wired network.

2.0 DEPLOYMENT

Another added benefit of Wi-Fi is when compared to
a wired network connection, setting up a Wi-fi access
point is quite simple. There is no complication in
terms of running cables to various locations and
activating switches. Consider setting up a home PC
with a network connection. It is far easier to set up a
new Wi-fi router than it is to set up a complicated
cable network.

3.0 COST SAVING

When compared to a wired network connection,
wireless networks offer substantial cost. It can save
money on wiring and maintenance, especially when
setting up a new Wi-fi network. The wiring part is where
the most money is spent. Because there are fewer wires
will be utilised. So that, it can save a significant amount
of money in the overall budget.

26 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

WI-FI (CONT'D)

PROBLEMS OF WI-FI

Limited range Lack of security

Wi-fi networks have a limited range, usually Even though wireless networks use a variety
approximately 100-150 feet. While it is of encryption approach, they are still
enough for a typical home, it can be a vulnerable to attack. Because of its wireless
challenge when it comes to building nature, it is vulnerable to hacking,
projects. when we far from the access particularly on public Wi-Fi networks.
point, the strength of a Wi-fi network will Hackers can use their fake networking ID on
reduce. Because the building is multi- public Wi-fi networks because they are open
storey, the Wi-fi network's strength may to everybody. Without permission, users may
vary from floor to floor. connect to this fake ID, it will putting them
at risk of becoming cyber attack victims.

Speed interference Reliability

The speed of Wi-Fi connections usually The frequency of a Wi-fi network is 2.4 GHz.
around 1-54 Mbps which is significantly Electro magnetic waves and other types of
slower than wired connections. As long as impediments have a high potential of
there are few devices connected to the interfering with this frequency. As a result,
network, this may appear to be alright. you can have frequent connectivity
When there are more devices connected, problems and weak signal strength. The
you may notice a significant decrease in signal can be disrupted, especially during
speed. heavy file transfers.

27 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

WI-FI (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

COMPONENT FUNCTION

Wireless adapters are technological devices that enable
computers to connect with the Internet and other computers
without the use of wires. They transmit data over radio waves to
routers, which then forward it to modems or other internal
networks.
Wireless Network Adapters

Wireless Routers and The router serves as a hub, establishing a local area network and
Access Points overseeing all of its devices and communications. An access

point, on the other hand, is a sub-device within a local area
network that provides another point of connection for devices
Wireless Antennas and allows for more devices to be connected to the network.


EM waves are converted into electrical signal by WiFi antenna,
Wireless Repeaters and vice versa. Wireless networking devices, such as wireless

routers, smartphones, laptops, and tablets, have receiving and
transmitting antennas.

A wireless repeater is a device that connects to a router or access
point to increase the network's range. A repeater, also known as a
range extender, is a two-way relay station for wireless radio
transmissions. Repeaters enable equipment that would
otherwise be unable to connect to a wireless network to do so.

Mesh Wi-Fi networks are similar to repeaters in that they create a
fluid and cohesive enlarged Wi-Fi network rather than a new and
redundant access point.

Mesh Networks



28 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

WIFI (CONT'D)

PRINCIPLE Broadcast
AND SYSTEM
The broadcast is connected in order,

and it is finished via audio system
surf as well as the value of cables
Wi-Fi compatibility with the monitor to classification
prone.
Wi-Fi compatibility can reduce the Wi-Fi enables a person to access the
amount of force required to surf. internet from any location within the
The radio signals are transmitted from serviced region.
antennas and routers that signals are
picked up by wi-Fi receivers likes Wi-Fi range
smartphone and computer which
ready with wi-fi card. The Wi-Fi range is determined by the
When the computer gets signals from surroundings, whether it is indoor or
the router within a range of 100-150 outdoor.
feet, it quickly connects the device. The signals will be read by the Wi-Fi
cards, which will then establish an
internet connection between the user
and the network.
As the computer goes closer to the
primary source, the speed of the device
using Wi-Fi connection improves, and as
the computer gets further away, the
speed decreases.

29 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

WI-FI (CONT'D)

SPACE IMPLICATION

For this proposed project, no space implication arise
as Wi-Fi only consumes a very little space. It has been
placed at the great room as it is the best area to get
the network from every corner. Due to its area being
in the middle of the first floor, it became the center
point of the house. The Wi-Fi was installed properly
and placed on the desk section. So, there will be no
space or tidiness problems because it is wireless. The
size of wi-fi is 195mm x 107mm. It is small and light
which makes it easy to move or place anywhere. It
depends on the user to place this wi-fi in which space.

FIRST FLOOR

30 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

TELECOMMUNICATION

WI-FI (CONT'D)

BUILDING
REGULATIONS

The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission regulates the
communications and multimedia industry, which is governed by the
Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA) and its supplementary
legislation (Commission).

There are laws and regulations that must be observed during the process of
building a communications system within a development, according to the
Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd (MTSFB) and Malaysian
Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) guidelines:

All safety facilities for building projects must closely adhere to the rules set
forth by the Network Facilities Provider (NFP) and the government's standard
operating procedure.
During the installation and handling of the optical fibre cable, it is strongly
advised to wear protective equipment such as rubber gloves and safety
eyewear.
At the job site, appropriate fire-fighting equipment, such as alarm detecting
systems, must be present and in working order.
In the machine room, power supply sockets with different voltages must be
clearly recognised.
Inside the machine room, no dangerous or flammable materials, such as
explosives, are permitted.

31 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING
& AIRCOND

HEATING, VENTILATING & AIRCOND
SMART AIR CONDITIONER

WHAT IS SMART AIR CONDITIONER

Smart air conditioner is the most modern innovation
in the industry of air conditioning and it is described
as an air conditioner that can be linked to and used
through your smart devices. We were able to
remotely manage our air conditioner which will be
connected to the internet from anywhere using
Internet of Things technology (AlSaidi & Dyo, 2020).

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

Basically, air-conditioning is the process of treating air to manage its
temperature, humidity, cleanliness (purity) and distribution all at the
same time in order to satisfy the needs of the conditioned
environment. For this proposed smart home, the split unit smart air
conditioner are installed in master suite, bedroom 2, bedroom 3, great
room, dining area and den area. The main reason it is install in these
areas is because of to provide and maintain specific interior air
conditions.
First and foremost, the air conditioner must be linked to the internet
in order to be remotely controlled. Our smart air conditioners
communicate with our smart house via our Wi-Fi network. They
mostly collaborate with their apps for each brand. Nevertheless, for
voice control and activation, part of it may be linked to Amazon Alexa,
Google Assistant or Apple HomeKit. We can use AI to manage the
power, temperature and fan speed. For example, we may programme
a smart air conditioner to turn on at specified times of day, chill the
area to a specific degree or only function on specific schedules. By
activate the aircond to operate on given schedules, we are not need to
utilise remote Wi-Fi air conditioner control as it will run manually.

32 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING & AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)

The typical installation of smart air conditioner depends on the type
of the air conditioner system itself. For the proposed smart home, the
type of smart air conditioner system are split air conditioning system.
The installation process of this system is one of the easiest and simple
process compared to other type of systems.

01 CUTTING THE HOLE

Cut the hole in the wall with the correct diameter for the connecting piping.

02 INSTALL PLATE MOUNTING

Install the plate mounting to the wall to provide more stability and strength.

INSTALLATION PROCESS 03 MOUNTING THE AIR CONDITIONER ON THE WALL
04
Open the intake grille and unfasten the screws on the cover to open up the
front grille then slide the three slider locks to the unlocked and lift of the
front grille. Mount the unit on the wall using hook over the installation plate
and lock it.

FORMING THE DRAIN HOSE AND PIPE

Install the piping in the direction of the wall hole and use vinyl tape to
connect the drain hose and pipe. Install the pipes in such a way that the drain
hose is at the bottom. Wrap colourful tape across the pipes of the indoor unit
that are visible from the outside. Hang the indoor unit on the hooks at the top
and bottom of the wall hook bracket after inserting the indoor piping and
drain hose through the wall hole.

05 CONNECTING THE PIPING

Install the outdoor unit wall cap and connect the outdoor unit and indoor unit
piping. Tighten the nut to the recommended tightening tension with a torque
wrench after aligning the centre of the flaring surface and tightening it hand
tight.

06 WI-FI CONNECTION

Put the terminal into the PCB and fix using screw. Install the front grille.
Download the app system (SmartAir) from App Store (IOS) or Google Play
(Android). Register then connect the device with the smart air conditioner.

33 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING & AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)

BENEFITS OF SMART
AIR CONDITIONER

1.0 SMART CONTROL



Even after we leave the house, we can still switch off or on the
air conditioners even we are far from the units. This is the
results of smart control as we can now control every AC unit
from our couch, reducing the need to race from room to room
to alter the settings. Furthermore, the user can set 7-day
schedules and timers to adapt the AC to our needs.

2.0 COMFORT

Wi-Fi capable air conditioners to link to the
internet and allow us to monitor our home's
cooling system straight from our cellphones. When
we are away, we may chill (pre-cool) the room by
turning on the air conditioner on our way home.
For example, after working hours, we can on the air
conditioner at the required space before reach
home to pre-cool the area to give comfort for us as
soon as we are home.

3.0 SAVE ENERGY



Today's smart air conditioners feature built-in sensors that
detect when the user leaves a room to perform an errand
and take appropriate action based on that data. In addition,
when smart air conditioner recognize that the room
temperature has reached a comfortable level of cool air, it
will turn off automatically. This helps to preserve energy for
our world while also lowering power bills.

34 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING & AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)

PROBLEMS OF SMART AIR CONDITIONER

Unstable Wi-Fi App crash

A running air conditioner in the house One of the most prevalent problems with
interferes with the router's signal. This the Android operating system is a
occurred as a result of the Wi-Fi signal black/white screen. When an Android user
becoming distorted and reaching our opens an app, they usually see a black
device at a different frequency. As a screen for a few seconds before the software
consequence, the router’s connection crashes without an error message. If this
becomes week causing it to cut off or lose issue happen, the user cannot on or off the
signal. AC until the app is functional to use.

Temperature thermostat sensor issue

When the sensor fails to function properly, it may cycle
on and off at random between normal activation
times. The thermostat may turn on or off before the
right temperature is reached. Results to increasing in
utility bill.

35 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING & AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

COMPONENT FUNCTION
Blower
The blower’s function is to carry air from supply registers. This
Evaporator Coil component which also works with the thermostat, circulates
Compressor chilled air throughout the house and draws room-temperature
airflow in for re-cooling. The air conditioner's blower fan is
Condensing Coil positioned on the interior of the unit.
Fan
This component is positioned near the blower which is in the
Thermostat air handler is in charge of removing heat and humidity from the
air. This is done basically by the refrigerant flowing through the
coil. Fans situated behind the evaporator coil then blow this
cold air back inside, lowering the temperature in the room.

The compressor functioning by compress the refrigerant,
raising its temperature. The refrigerant forms gases after
absorbing heat. It goes through the compressor, which
compresses the air and heats the gas even more. This critical
process prepares the refrigerant to release its heat. It is located
as an outdoor unit.

This is the outside equivalent of an evaporator coil that is
positioned together with the compressor. The functionality is
the reverse of that of the evaporator. The condenser coil
extracts heat from the refrigerant and expels it into the
surroundings.

With all that overheated refrigerant flowing through it, the
outside condensing unit becomes extremely hot. A fan and fins
that function as heat syncs move heat away from the machine,
preventing it from overheating. To blow the air out into the
area, place the fan next to or under the vent where the AC
comes out.

The thermostat controls the heat energy inside and outside of
an air conditioning system to keep the temperature stable. The
thermostat sensor is placed near to the evaporator coils. We
now can manage the AC temperature from our phones using
the Wi-Fi connection.

36 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING &
AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)

PRINCIPLE Working Principle
AND SYSTEM
An air conditioner gathers warm air from

a specific location, processes it using a
refrigerant and a series of coils within it,
and then returns the cold air to the area
in which the hot air was accumulated.
Almost all air conditioning systems
operate on this principle.

Through the grille, hot air is pulled from
the base of the interior unit. The air
passes through some of the pipes
whereby the refrigerant or cooling fluid
is seeping. The refrigerant liquid takes
heat and gets hotter than it was
previously. The weather is removed from
the air falling on the evaporating coil in
this manner.

The cooling medium not only absorbs
the heat but also removes moisture from
the incoming air that aids in the
reduction of condensation in the room.
In the case of split AC, this heated
refrigerant gas is then transferred to the
compressor which is placed on the
exterior unit.

The compressor compresses the cooling
gas causing it to heat up since
compressing the gas boosts its
temperature. This heated, high-pressure
gas is being sent to the third part,
known as a condenser.

37 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING &
AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)

SPACE IMPLICATION

As for space implication in installing smart air
conditioner, there is no rising issues on space
implication. All the smart air conditioners where
appoint in the right place with the right height from
the floor. Furthermore, there is enough space, at least
60 inches of vertical clearance on top of the smart AC
to circulate air in and out of the unit, 12 inches of
clearance on each side of AC units, and enough
clearance to enable service technician accessibility to
the unit itself. All of the AC units are of appropriate
size and can be simply positioned in the chosen area
based on the layout plan of the smart home.

FIRST FLOOR

38 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING & AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)
SECOND FLOOR

39 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

HEATING, VENTILATING

& AIRCOND

SMART AIR CONDITIONER (CONT'D)

BUILDING
REGULATIONS

There are presently no particular air
conditioning Building Regulations that relate
to installing an air conditioning system in your
house for residential usage. However, the
Uniform Building by Law (UBBL) Section 41
can be considered in installation of air
conditioner system. The UBBL statement are as
below:

SECTION 41 - Mechanical ventilation and Air Conditioning

Where permanent mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning is intended, the
relevant building by-laws relating to natural ventilation, natural lighting and
heights of room may be waived at the discretion of the local authority.

Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered
if in addition to the permanent air-conditioning system there is provided
alternative approved means of ventilating the air-conditioned enclosure, such
that within half an hour of the air-conditioning system failing, not less than
the stipulated volume of fresh air specified hereinafter shall be introduced
into the enclosure during the period when the air-conditioning system is not
functioning.

The provisions of the Third Schedule to these By-laws shall apply to buildings
which are mechanically ventilated or air-conditioned.

Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water-
closets, bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance
with the requirements of the Third Schedule to these By-laws, the provisions
of theses By-laws relating to natural ventilation and natural lighting shall not
apply to such lavatories, water-closets, bathrooms or corridors.

In conclusion, there is no building regulation for traditional air-conditioner
system not to mention the Building regulation for smart air conditioner but even
so the UBBL Section 41 should be followed in installing air conditioner.

40 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

MECHANICAL
HANDLING

MECHANICAL HANDLING

HYDRAULIC LIFT

WHAT IS HYDRAULIC LIFT

According to the Department of Occupational Safety
and Health (2010), a lift is an appliance designed to
transport passengers or goods or both from one level
to another level in a vertical direction through a lift
car. The lift car's motion generates by an electric
motor connected to the lifting element, and it
includes all the necessary machinery, suspension
ropes, hydraulic rams, supports, and enclosures.
Throughout the second half of the 20th century,
hydraulic lifts were the most popular type of lifting
mechanism employed in structures. Hydraulic lifts
are classified into several types which are direct-
acting, side acting, and direct side acting.

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

Hydraulic lift operate on the idea of an electrically powered
pump delivering pressurized hydraulic fluid – usually oil to a
jack lifting system. The car is pushed up and down by a piston
within a cylinder at the elevator's base. The piston descends
due to gravitational force when a valve opens to discharge
the oil. Thus, for our proposed smart home, a direct acting
elevator has been chosen because it is the most efficient
hydraulic lift for residential buildings and suitable for three-
storey house. The application of this proposed lift is used for
movement purposes which are quicker and easier for the
occupants. The direct side acting is to be proposed near
staircases for escape purposes.

41 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

MECHANICAL HANDLING

HYDRAULIC LIFT (CONT'D)

This proposed system which is a hydraulic elevator
truly needs to be installed by the specialist. By
installing a hydraulic lift, it involves adding space
to the outside of the property for the shaft as well
as the lift is wired properly. Furthermore, lighting
and an emergency telephone are also needed in a
hydraulic elevator.

INSTALLATION PROCESS 01 DIG THE PIT AND LANDING
02
03 The pit is the first step in installing a hydraulic elevator. A pit must be dug a
few feet beneath the home's foundation or ground level. A second hole must
04 be dug once the pit has been built to accommodate the piston cylinder. The
landings can be erected once the pit and cylinder hole has been dug and
strengthened, usually with concrete.

CONNECT THE LANDING

Cut holes in walls which the lift will make each stop to create landings. For
safety reasons, the landings should be blocked until installation is complete.

CONSTRUCT THE HOIST WAY

Two methods can be used to build the hoist way. Firstly, the hoist way can be
built modularly, which means offsite, and then assembled on site. Next, the
second method is to stick build the hoist way on site, which is a very strong
technique of shaft construction. Then, once the hoist way has been constructed
the cylinder, piston, and pump can be installed. However, the pump can be
installed either in the pit or in a separate machine room, and it will be
connected to the moveable piston once it is assembled.

SECURE THE LIFT CAR

After the hoist way has been installed and the pump is connected to the
piston, it's time to secure the elevator car and hook up the hydraulic power. To
supply power, electrical disconnects must be installed, hydraulic oil must be
added to the fluid tank, and piping between the elevator jack and the power
unit must be installed.

05 INSTALL THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Self-closing and locking doors, temperature control, emergency lighting and

communication, and smoke detectors are all needed and should be fitted for

safety reasons.

42 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

MECHANICAL HANDLING

HYDRAULIC LIFT (CONT'D)

BENEFITS OF HYDRAULIC LIFT

1.0 LOW CIVIL ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS & HIGH
SHAFT UTILIZATION

The hydraulic lift has low civil structure requirements. And
does not need a machine room, only a load-bearing wall,
and the top floor has few requirements. It is also possible
for the foundation pit to be exceedingly shallow.
Because hydraulic lift has low civil construction
requirements, they have been commonly used in
nationwide.

2.0 SAVE IN SPACE

Hydraulic lift reduces the size of lift and a
separate shaft is not necessary in order to
accommodate a counterweight of lift.
In addition, a small plant room (normally about
2m × 2m) adjacent to the shaft or even in the
basement will sufficient.

3.0 HIGH LEVEL OF SECURITY



The hydraulic elevator will not overspeed and lose
control, and trapped users can easily self-rescue.
The hydraulic elevator shaft safety factor is relatively
high, and the hydraulic elevator can use backup batteries
if the mechanical structure design is reasonable, the
installation is dependable, and the hydraulic elevator's
safety factor is relatively high.
When the elevator fails or there is a power outage that
traps passengers, push the emergency button inside the
car, and once the hydraulic oil is linked to the drain valve
circuit, the hydraulic oil will slowly return to the tank, and
the elevator will gradually rely on its weight

43 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

MECHANICAL HANDLING

HYDRAULIC LIFT (CONT'D)

PROBLEMS OF HYDRAULIC LIFT

Leakage of hydraulic oil Power failure

The hydraulic oil will leak if the domestic Elevators draw a lot of electricity from
oil cylinder piston seal ring runs out after building utility systems, therefore changes
its service life. If it is not replaced on a to the voltage can disrupt motor operations
regular schedule, the hydraulic oil will leak. or possibly cause the elevator to break
The oil could potentially leak into the down. A power quality survey should be
ground near the elevator's base and causes performed on elevators that have a history
to pollution in ground water. of motor failures or operation difficulties.

Noise Motor drive misaligned

There will be some noise when the oil Shaft alignment is crucial when an electric
pump motor operates when the elevator motor connects to another piece of
starts up if the pump station is not machinery. The motor bearings begin to
separated or close to the hoist way. wear out if they are not properly aligned.
Advanced laser standard test conditions or
a straightedge and string can both use to
detect shaft misalignment.

44 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

MECHANICAL HANDLING

HYDRAULIC LIFT (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

- MACHINE SYSTEM -

COMPONENT FUNCTION

Piston The cylinder is formed of steel pipe of appropriate thickness. A
cylinder head with an internal guiding ring and a self-adjusting
packing system sits on top of the cylinder. The plunger is
comprised of a smooth machined steel shaft with the required
diameter and a welded stopper at the bottom to prevent the
piston from exiting the cylinder.

Hydraulic Power Unit The hydraulic power unit should be suitably rated, and
vibration isolators installed. The devices must be operated with
the minimum level of noise and vibration as possible. The
devices are suspended above the machine room floor on a
vibration isolator. A silencer is included to minimize airborne
noise and reduce pulsation transmission to the ram.
There are a few main components of the hydraulic power unit
which are tank, pump/motor and valve.

Tank To minimize the admission of gas and air, the tank should be
designed with appropriate capacity and a reserve quantity. The
oil level can be monitored with a sight glass, and minimum
level marks are displayed. There should be an oil level
monitoring device and an audio alarm provision in the control
panel to identify any issues. The function of the tank is to store
self-lubricating and non-compressible oil.

Pump / Motor In hydraulic elevators, pumps are utilized to force liquid into
the cylinder that lifts the elevator. Submersible pumps with a
variable speed system are used to submerged completely in
water. The pump's motor is fully sealed and tightly connected
to the pump's body. Besides, the pump and motor should be
mounted on the base plate, which should be rigid. The pump
and motor must be correctly aligned and maintained to run
smoothly in normal operating mode.

45 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

MECHANICAL HANDLING

HYDRAULIC LIFT (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

- MACHINE SYSTEM (Cont'd)-

COMPONENT FUNCTION
Valve
The valve's primary function is to discharge liquid from the
system. When the valve is closed, it helps to increase pressure,
and when it is open, it helps to decrease pressure. The
stopcocks are being installed between the control valve and
the cylinder, then they need to be placed between the reservoir
tank and the pump.

COMPONENT - SAFETY SYSTEM -

FUNCTION

Seismic Valve A valve near the jack in the pit is meant to maintain pressure if
the hydraulic line is disrupted due to seismic activity.

Buffers Before the jack plunger reaches its down limit of movement,
Final Switch Limit the elevator must be stopped by the buffer-striking member on
the car's underside.

If the upper normal terminal stopping mechanisms fail, the
elevator must be fitted with a final limit switch that cuts off all
power to the elevator.

Anti-creep In the case of a hydraulic system leak causing the car to travel
device downward for more than 75 mm but inside the unlocking zone,
arrangements must be made to automatically return the car to
the landing level at a speed of not more than 0.15 m/s.

46 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME

MECHANICAL HANDLING

HYDRAULIC LIFT (CONT'D)

FUNCTIONS INCLUDING CONNECTION AND
POSITIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

HYDRAULIC LIFT

47 | PROPOSED A SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY SMART HOME