Revised Subharmbha social 6 2077 for sir ctp

Lesson Population Management
Measures
4

The growth of population is the major problem of most of the developing
countries like Nepal. We have already discussed about the causes of
population growth and the challenging task of population management. The
rapid growth of population has been adversely affecting the social, economic
and environmental aspects. It will be difficult for population management if
measures to the problems are not found in time. The following measures
can be taken to solve the problems of population management:

Marriage at Appropriate Age
According to reproductive health education, the appropriate age for female
is 22-24 years and for male is 25-28 years. In Nepal, the legal marriageable
age for female is 18 years and for male is 21 years. It will naturally control
the birth and growth of population if marriage takes place within this age
group. Early marriage provides more time to bear more children. Marriage
at appropriate age will have desire for less number of children due to age
factor and helps in population management.

Family Planning and Birth Spacing
Family planning is the most effective measure of
population management or to control the growth of
population. It is bearing desired number of children
for desirable size of family. It gives importance to small
size of family. Family planning also gives importance to
birth spacing. The appropriate birth spacing between
the two children is considered to be 3 - 4 or 5 years.
Therefore population management programmers
should give emphasis on family planning. People
should be made well aware of its importance and
available means and methods. The government should
make means of family planning available in all places. Family planning
programmes should be launched effectively all over the country.

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Reduction in High Infant and Child Mortality Rate:
Population growth can be managed if there is decrease in infant and child
mortality rate. Parents will feel confident that their children would survive.
Such a feeling will discourage them to have more children. In order to lower
the infant and child mortality rate, early marriage should be discouraged.
Women should be given population education. They should know about
family planning, health, hygiene, sanitation, child health care, nutrition and
balanced diet etc. Educated women can provide proper care to their infants
and children.

Gender Equality:
Gender equality is another most effective measure
of population management or control. When there
is gender equality parents will be satisfied with
less number of children. For them, both son and
daughter are equal in all respect. Mother does not
have to keep on giving birth until a son is born.
The number of the children increases in the family
in the hope of giving birth to a son. Therefore, the
family members and the society should play an
important role to maintain gender equality and
assist population management.

Education to Women:
Educated women play a vital role in
population management. An educated
woman marries at appropriate age and
desires to have less number of children.
She can take good care of her children in
terms of health, sanitation and balanced
diet. So her children will be healthy and
strong. This will help to reduce infant and
child mortality and will have small size of
the family.
Educated women will have more knowledge about the advantage of family
planning and using means of family planning. They are aware that giving birth

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to many children is harmful to their health and the health of the children.
They believe in small and happy family. Most of the educated women are
willing to take family planning measures. They can also influence their family
members, friends and neighbours for family planning measures. Population
management becomes successful if more women are educated.

Women Employment:
Women should be given the opportunity to become self-dependent and raise
their economic status. They should learn
skills and involve in income generating
occupations. By being involved in some
work or occupation, they can fruitfully
utilize their time and skills. Working
women do not have time to bear more
children. They are happy and satisfied with
few children. Thus, women employment
helps to manage the population greatly.
Therefore, it is important to empower
women for effective management of population.

Discourage Migration:
Lack of developmental activities, infrastructures, opportunities and facilities
are the major causes of migration. There is tendency of people migrating
from Mountain and Hill to Terai region and from village to towns and cities. It
is very difficult to manage population with such unplanned migration. Places
of destination become over-populated, while places of origin become under-
populated. Migration will be discouraged if there are equal developmental
activities and facilities in each and every part of the country. In such
a situation, migration will be reduced making
population management easier.

Emphasis on Breast Feeding:
Breast feeding is considered as natural birth control
or a temporary family planning measure. The longer
a mother breast feeds her child, lesser is the chance
of conception. Breast feeding is the best gift that a
mother can give to her baby as no other thing can

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substitute it. It also develops especial attachment between
the mother and her child. Mother milk is essential for proper
neurological and physical growth of a child. Hence, women
should be encouraged to breast feed their babies.

Points to Remember:

F Rapid population growth is a major problem of most of the developing
countries like Nepal.

F It has been adversely affecting the social, economic and environmental
aspects.

F Various measures such as marriage at appropriate age, family
planning, birth spacing, reducing infant and child mortality,
empowering of women etc can be adopted to control birth rate.

F Appropriate marriage age for female is 22-24 and for male 25-28
years, and ideal birth spacing is of 3-4 years.

F Women are to be educated, empowered and employed for effective
population management.

F There are several means of family planning like pills, IUD, condom,
etc. Breast feeding also helps in controlling birth.

Key Terms and Words:

• Appropriate: suitable, proper
• Conception: to become pregnant
• Emphasis: special importance or value given to something
• Empower: give strength or confidence
• Launch: begin or introduce

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Evaluation Activities

Very short answer questions

1. What is the major problem of most of the developing countries?
2. Which aspects will have adverse effects due to population growth?
3. What is the appropriate marriageable age for a female and male?
4. What is the legal marriageable age for a female and male in Nepal?
5. How does marriage at appropriate age help population management?

Write in one sentence.
6. What are the two importances of family planning?
7. What is considered to be the appropriate birth spacing?
8. How does educated woman help in population management? Write

in one sentence.
9. Employed women have less desire to bear more children. Give one

reason.
10. What should to be done to discourage migration?

Short answer questions

1. List the measures to solve the population management problems.
2. How does marriage at appropriate age support population management?
3. What are the various ways of reducing infant and child mortality

rate?
4. Why should we give emphasis on gender equality? How will it help

population management?
5. What are the advantages of female education in relation to

population management?
6. What is the relationship of women employment and population

management?
7. Write any five advantages of population management.

Community Based Works:

a. Divide the class into two groups. One group will discuss about the
problems and other will discuss about the measures of population
management.

b. Discuss the need and importances of population management in
your local area and share with your friends in the classroom

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Lesson Roles of Local Organizations
& Agencies In Population
5 Management

Rapid population growth is a major problem mostly in developing countries
worldwide. It is the responsibility of every individual, family, community,
society, and country to manage its population properly. Everyone should
understand the adverse effects of population growth.

We already know that
population and environment
are closely inter-related. One
affects the other. Population
will sustain as long as the
natural resources in the
environment can support.
Big is the population more
is the exploitation of natural
resources. Hence, it is
essential to have proper
management of population so Population Management

that a balance is maintained
between the population and the environment.

Management of population is a challenging task. There must be collaborative
effort from every section of the society. Local organizations and agencies
play important role in population management. Such organizations and
agencies can help to manage the population growth and to conserve the
environment.

These organizations and agencies set rules, give education, and provide
technical, material and financial support to conduct various related
programmes. There are several governmental organizations (GOs), non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) and local clubs involving in population
management. These organizations and agencies should be helped and
encouraged to work in a collaborative way. Their efforts and resources should
be utilized in a co-ordinated way so that the best result can be achieved.

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Ministry of Education and Sports, Ministry of Population and Environment
Education, Hospitals, Health Posts, Educational Institutions, Village Council,
Municipalities, Red Cross Society, Nepal Scout, and many other organizations
help to conduct programmes related to population management.

Ministry of Education and Sports and Population Education
Programme
Population education programme helps in population management by
conducting different types of population education programmes. It makes
people aware about the problems created by population growth and helps in
population management. It provides information to the people about available
means and natural resources. It gives emphasis on small and happy family.
It develops both school and campus level curriculums, textbooks, teaching
materials, and trains professional manpower for population education. It
provides information about the population to the youths and adults who are
deprived of school education. Population education programme will make
people conscious about population growth and population control. This
will bring about changes in their attitude and behavior which will help in
population management.

Ministry of Population and Environment
The Ministry of Population and Environment was established in Nepal in 6th
Aswin 2052 B.S. It makes policies and programmes related to population
and environment. It co-ordinates different population and environmental
activities conducted by various agencies and organizations.

Family Planning Association of Nepal (FPAN)
It helps population management by providing population education and family
planning services. It provides information about health and family planning
through different means, methods and media like pamphlets, booklets,
posters, radio and TV programmes etc. It organizes clinics
for family planning. These services provide family planning
education and services to the people living in rural areas.

Health Post and Health Services
There are health posts and health centers in different parts
of our country. They provide information about maternity

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health, immunization, nutritious food, safe drinking water and the method
of preparing Jiwanjal to prevent dehydration. They make people aware about
the importance, means and methods of family planning.
Hospitals and Nepal Family Planning Organizations are playing vital roles
in population management. They provide family planning services. They
educate and motivate people to control and manage population. They
conduct short term meeting, workshop, training and other programmes for
social workers and women volunteers. They conduct mobile camps to provide
counseling, distribute family planning means and to conduct vasectomy and
laparoscopy.

Educational Institutions
Educational institutions play important role in making people aware of
population management. Different educational activities such as essay,
quiz, debate and speech competitions are conducted on the issue of
population management. The children or students learn more from such
activities. Children spend more time with their family members or with
neighbours. They can share their knowledge about population management
with their family members and neighbours. It can help in solving the problem
of population management.

Nepal Red Cross Society
Nepal Red Cross society was established in 2020 B.S. it has branches all
over the country. It is a humanitarian organization and serves people without
discrimination. Its primary objective is to
help people during disasters and conflicts. It
also conducts various programmes on basic
community health, population management
and environmental conservation. It conducts
programmes on environmental sanitation, health education, pure drinking
water, primary health service and family planning.

Nepal Scout
Nepal Scout is a service oriented social organization. It started in 2009
BS in Nepal. Its branches are there in all the districts. Many schools have
scouting programmes. Scouting is an informal education. Scouts learn by
working together for public services. Scouts carry out different community

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development programmes. The community development
activities they conduct include afforestation, drinking
water supply, health awareness, adult education, family life
education, etc.

Points to Remember:

F It is the responsibility of every individual, family, community and
country to manage its population properly.

F Balance between the population and the environment is essential for
quality of life.

F Local organizations and agencies play important role in population
management.

F Population education is also part of population management.
F Ministry of Population and Environment makes population and

environment policies.
F Ministry of Health and Family Planning Association of Nepal provides

population education and family planning services.
F Hospitals and Nepal Family Planning Organizations are playing vital

roles in population management.
F Educational institutions, Nepal Red Cross and Nepal Scouts etc are

also involved in population management.

Key Terms and Words:

• Collaborative: co-operative,, collective
• Curriculums: courses of study
• Exploitation: taking advantage
• Immunization: vaccine, booster shot or injection
• Laparoscopy: minor operation done to women for family planning
• Pamphlets: brochure, leaflet, booklet
• Vasectomy: minor operation done to men for family planning

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Evaluation Activities

Very short answer questions:

1. What are the full forms of GO and NGO?
2. What type of organization is the Scout?
3. What is the primary task of the Red Cross?
4. Mention any two challenges of population management.
5. When was the Nepal Red Cross established?
6. Which Ministry is responsible for population management?

Short answer questions:

1. What are the organizations and agencies involved in population
management in Nepal?

2. What is the role played by Family Planning Association to manage
population?

3. How are hospitals and clinics helping in population management?
4. What are the community-based activities conducted by the Nepal

Scout?
5. How is the Red Cross helping in population management?
6. What is the difference between formal and informal education?

Write with examples.
7. What is population education, and why is it important?

Community Based Work:

Visit 10 houses of your neighbourhood and collect the information about
the following and fill in the given column. Compare your information with
others in the class and come to the conclusion.


House Name of Married Age at No of Children Education
No Female Member Marriage Born

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Lesson Population & Its Relations
With Other Subjects
6

The study of population of a place, region or a country is not complete without
knowing its relation with other subjects. The composition and distribution of
population is not same everywhere. They differ from place to place. This is
because population is related with various subjects like geography, society,
economy and environment.

Geography

Society Population Economy

Environment

Population and Geography
Geography is the science that deals with the description, distribution and
interaction of the diversified physical, biological and cultural features of
the earth’s surface. Physical feature of the earth include various types
of landforms, climate, rivers, soil and natural vegetation. They have great
influence on the way of life of people and the culture. Nepal is divided into
three physical or geographical features. They are mountain region in the
north, hilly region in the middle and Terai region in the south. The people
have to adapt to these different physical environment.
The distribution of population is thin in the mountain region. The climate
is cold here. The landform and the soil are not suitable for agriculture but
for the growth of grasses. So the people are engaged in animal rearing and
dairy farming. The life is very difficult.
Hilly region is suitable for settlement due to suitable climate. Valleys in the
hills have denser population due to fertile soil. The density of population is
more in the Terai region due to plain land and fertile soil for agriculture.

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The culture of the people also varies in these three different regions.
Mountain region is influenced by Buddhist religion and culture, Terai region
is influenced by Hindu religion and culture and Hilly region is influenced by
both the Buddhist and the Hindu religions and cultures. Population is thus
related with Geography.
Population and the Society
There is a famous quote “No Man Is an Island.” It means that human beings are
social beings. They cannot exist without families, friends and neighbours. No
human being is self-sufficient. They need to rely on others for several things.
They are dependent on each other. That is why human beings live together in
organized communities sharing common value, culture, and belief. Such an
organized community is called a society. People can fulfill their needs, wants
and desires only by living in a society. A society gives people the opportunity
to show their creativity, skill and ability. People can make progress only by
living in the society. A society is the mirror which reflects the features of a
particular society. People cannot exist without society and society cannot
exist without people. People and society are complementary to each other.
Population and Economy
The literary meaning of economy is the process or system by which goods
and services are produced, sold and bought in a country or region. A country
needs population to utilize its means and natural resources to produce
goods and services and to sell and buy. People help to make the economy
of a country better and stronger. A better economy means better livelihood
of the people. It is the people who can develop the economy of their place,
region or the country. Every person has the desire to live a comfortable,
happy and secured life. This is possible only through strong economy of the
country. The people of a country are responsible for making the country rich
and prosperous.
Population and Environment
The surroundings in which we live is called environment. Air, water, forest, soil,
mineral, natural vegetation and wild life are the components of environment.
They are valuable gifts to mankind. Environment provides us all essential
things including air and water without which our survival is not possible. We
obtain our basic needs like food, cloth and shelter from environment.

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Forest provides us fresh air, oxygen, rainfall, wood and protects us from
floods and landslides. Soil provides us food crops, vegetables and fruits.
Minerals are important for the development of factories.

Natural vegetation and wildlife add beauty to our environment and helps
in tourism. We all depend upon environment in so many different ways. It
sustains our life. It is, therefore, our duty and responsibility to protect and
conserve our environment. We should keep our environment free from
pollution. Clean and healthy environment is necessary for our good health
and long life.

There should be balance between population and environment. Environment
should not be overexploited. We should conserve the environment even for
our next generation.

Points to Remember:

F The composition and distribution of population differ from place to
place.

F Population is related with various subjects like geography, society,
economy and environment.

F Population composition, size, density and distribution differ
according to geographical condition.

F Population and society are almost synonymous.
F Our basic needs are fulfilled from the environment.
F It’s everybody’s responsibility to protect, preserve and promote

environment.

Key Terms and Words:

• Creativity: involving the use of the imagination or original ideas in
order to create something

• Dynamic: constantly changing
• Island: a piece of land surrounded on all sides by water
• Profession: business, career
• Promote: raise, upgrade, encourage
• Sustain: strengthen or support

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Evaluation Activities

Very Short answer questions:
1. Why is population dynamic in nature?
2. What are the various subjects with which population is related?
3. What do you mean by the quote “No man is an island.”
4. What is a society?
5. What is the meaning of economy?
6. What are the gifts of nature to the mankind?
7. What is the main cause of environmental pollution?
8. What are the effects of environmental pollution?

Short answer questions:
1. Describe the relationship between the population and geography.
2. Who is responsible for the economic development of the country?
3. Explain the relationship of population with the environment.

Community Based Work:
Conduct a speech competition on ‘The Relation between Human beings
and environment’.

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