AASM 2021 Proceedings 18 August 2021

PROCEEDINGS
16th Asian Association for Sport Management Conference

19-20 August 2021



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OPENING REMARKS BY DR. CHONGRAK WATCHARINRAT ..................................................................... 7
WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. ANUCHAI PINYOPUMMIN .................................................... 9
WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SIRIPORN SASIMONTONKUL ............................................... 10

WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. SUPITR SAMAHITO.............................................................. 11 Page | 3

WELCOME SPEECH BY PROF. DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA ...................................................................... 12
WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SOMTHOP THITHATHAN ....................................................... 13
WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. ISSADEE KUTINTARA ............................................................ 14
GUEST SPEAKER: DR. GONGSAK YODMANI.............................................................................................. 15
GUEST SPEAKER: DR. CHRISTOPH BREUER .............................................................................................. 16
GUEST SPEAKER: DR. DAVID K. STOTLAR ................................................................................................. 17
GUEST SPEAKER: DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA ........................................................................................... 18
GUEST SPEAKER: DR. KEVIN FILO............................................................................................................... 19
LIST OF PEER REVIEWERS ............................................................................................................................. 21
CONFERENCE PROGRAM ............................................................................................................................... 23
PRESENTER GUIDELINES ............................................................................................................................... 26
TIMETABLE OF ORAL SESSIONS................................................................................................................... 27
TIMETABLE OF POSTER SESSIONS............................................................................................................... 29
ORAL SESSION .................................................................................................................................................. 31
COMMUNITY-BASED EXERCISING FOR GOOD HEALTH AND A BRIGHT MIND................................. 33
CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF OMNI RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION COLOR FACE SCALE AMONG
YOUNG ADULTS IN SINGAPORE ................................................................................................................... 39
SPORT TOURIST’S EXPERIENCE-BASED NOSTALGIA AND REVISIT INTENTION TO THE STADIUM
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 41
EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON PARENTS’ OUTDOOR LEISURE PARTICIPATION WITH CHILDREN: A
COMPARISON OF JAPANESE AND THAI PARENTS .................................................................................... 43
THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE 2019 RUGBY WORLD CUP: FOCUSING ON A COMMUNITY
HOSTING THE OFFICIAL TEAM CAMPS....................................................................................................... 45
TOURISM FOR WELLNESS.............................................................................................................................. 47
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE OF FAN ENGAGEMENT IN SPORT EVENTS DURING THE
COVID-19 PANDEMIC....................................................................................................................................... 56
KNOWLEDGE MAPPING OF ESPORT RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND VISUALIZED ANALYSIS57
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ESPORT PROMOTING IN CHINA...................................................................... 59
MANAGEMENT FOR ESPORT ORGANIZATION: CONSIDERATION AS OLYMPIC SPORT ................... 64
THE EFFECT OF E-SPORTS COMMENTATOR’S CHARACTERISTICS ON VIEWER’S PERCEIVED
ENJOYMENT AND RE-WATCHING INTENTION .......................................................................................... 66
THE LANDSCAPE OF THAILAND SPORT ECOSYSTEM: HOW DOES ENERGY FLOW IN THE SPORT
ECOSYSTEM IN THAILAND? .......................................................................................................................... 68
GENDERISM AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF INTERSEX ATHLETES IN SPORT EVENTS ......................... 70
PREVALENCE OF INJURIES AMONG SCHOOLS NETBALL ATHLETES IN SRI LANKA ....................... 72

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

BLACK, RED OR BLUE? THE EFFECTS OF COLOUR ON SPONSOR RECALL IN SPORT EVENT
ADVERTISEMENTS: AN EYE-TRACKING STUDY ...................................................................................... 73

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHINA REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF INTANGIBLE SPORTS
ASSETS................................................................................................................................................................ 75

THE EFFECT OF CSR ACTIVITIES ON CORPORATE IMAGE IN KOREAN PROFESSIONAL

VOLLEYBALL LEAGUE: THE MEDIATED EFFECT OF BRAND IMAGE.................................................. 78 Page | 4

CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL REVITALIZATION THROUGH STADIUM DEVELOPMENT AND
COMMERCIALIZATION ................................................................................................................................... 80

THE EFFECT OF CEO’S IMAGE ON SPECTATOR LOYALTY IN THAI PROFEESSIONAL FOOTBALL
CLUB IN BANGKOK AND PERIMETER ......................................................................................................... 82

INTERNATIONAL ATHLETE PARTICIPATION TRENDS IN AMERICAN COLLEGIATE SPORTS........... 92

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL LIVE STREAMING SPORTS BROADCASTING JOCKEY BRAND IMAGE ON
VIEWING SATISFACTION AND RE-VIEW INTENTION............................................................................... 94

DEVELOPMENT OF VIDEO MEDIA FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS OF WAKEBOARD................................. 96

THE SPORT MANAGEMENT IN SÃO PAULO PAN-AMERICAN GAMES 1963: THE WATER POLO
GOLD MEDAL AND ITS IMPACT ON PRINTED MEDIA.............................................................................. 97

EFFECT OF MODELS IN FITNESS MAGAZINES ON VISUAL ATTENTION AND CONSUMER
BEHAVIOUR ....................................................................................................................................................... 99

A COMPARISON OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN TERMINOLOGY AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT IN
SPORTS PRODUCTS ........................................................................................................................................ 101

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON RAFFLE MARKETING: FOCUSING ON PURCHASE ORIENTATION,
CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION, SATISFACTION, AND REPURCHASE INTENTION.......................... 103

THE FOOTBALL VIEWING BEHAVIOR ON NEW MEDIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN
THAILAND ....................................................................................................................................................... 105

THE ACADEMY OF OLYMPISM: THAILAND OLYMPIC ACADEMY ...................................................... 120

INITIATIVES FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT IN JAPAN TOWARD THE
IOC'S 25 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................... 129

DEVELOPING A NEW OLYMPIC VALUE SCALE FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES TOKYO 2020 DURING
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ............................................................................................................................ 131

REVIEW OF PARTICIPATION PATTERNS OF WOMEN IN OLYMPIC MOVEMENTS............................. 133

MENTAL HEALTH AMONG ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 CIRCUIT BREAKER IN SINGAPORE135

LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADULTS DURING COVID-19 IN SINGAPORE ................ 137

THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 RISK PERCEPTION ON PERCEIVED ANXIETY CONTROL AND
PARTICIPATION MOTIVATION FOR SPORT PARTICIPANTS .................................................................... 139

RUNNERS’ EXPERIENCES IN ONLINE MARATHONS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ONLINE
COMMENTS TO THE 2021 KYOTO MARATHON ....................................................................................... 141

CRITICAL FACTORS IN ORGANIZING INTERNATIONAL BADMINTON TOURNAMENTS AMID THE
COVID-19 PANDEMIC..................................................................................................................................... 143

HOW MEDAL BONUS MAY AFFECT THE ATHLETE’S PERFORMANCE ............................................... 155

DEVELOPMENT MODEL FROM THAI YOUTH FOOTBALL PLAYERS TO INTERNATIONAL
PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS ...................................................................................................... 157

PROMOTING YOUTH ATHLETES IN A NATIONAL BASKETBALL LEAGUE: A NEW PARADIGM .... 163

SPORTS MANAGEMENT AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: THE NEED TO ADAPT SPORTS
ORGANIZATIONS TO THE NEW CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS ............................................................ 164

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

IMPACT OF MET-EXPECTATION OF SPORT AND RECREATION MANAGERS ON ATTITUDINAL AND
BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES THROUGH QUALITY OF WORK LIFE......................................................... 166

DETERMINANTS OF SERVICE INNOVATIONS: A STUDY OF SRI LANKAN SPORTS FEDERATIONS
............................................................................................................................................................................ 168

WOMEN EMPLOYEES’ JOB ENGAGEMENT IN THE SPORT INDUSTRY ............................................... 169

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR SPORTS TRAINING MANAGEMENT IN SPORT’S Page | 5

MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXT................................................................ 170

POSTER SESSION ............................................................................................................................................ 173

MODELING ANALYSIS OF MEDIA COVERAGE ON EXEMPTION FROM MILITARY DUTY FOR
KOREAN MALE ATHLETES........................................................................................................................... 175

ARE THEY CITIZENS OR HEROS? MEDIA FRAMING ON SPECIALLY NATURALIZED ATHLETES . 177

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COACHING BEHAVIORS, ATHLETE SATISFACTION, AND TURNOVER
INTENTION IN SOUTH KOREA .................................................................................................................... 179

THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS BRAND SNS(SOCIAL NETWORK SERVICE)’S CONTENT
CHARACTERISTICS ON CONSUMPTION VISION AND PURCHASE INTENTION: FOCUSED ON
INSTAGRAM..................................................................................................................................................... 181

ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOL USING CONTINGENT
VALUE METHODPHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMOTION SYSTEM (PAPS) IN SOUTH KOREA .............. 183

COMPARING THE VALUES OF MEDAL SUCCESS IN INTERNATIONAL SPORTS EVENTS AND
EXEMPTION FROM ACTIVE MILITARY DUTY FOR KOREAN ATHLETES USING THE CONTINGENT
VALUATION METHOD.................................................................................................................................... 185

SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF HOSTING SPORT MEGA-EVENTS ON
RESIDENTS' HOUSING ................................................................................................................................... 187

THE EFFECT OF PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL NON-CONTACT SPECTATING SERVICE ON USER
COMMUNITAS, FLOW, AND COGNITIVE EXPERIENCE .......................................................................... 189

PERCEIVED MARKET VALUE OF GOVERNMENTAL INVESTMENT ON ELITE SPORT
DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH KOREA............................................................................................................. 191

DEVELOPING KOREA NATIONAL SPORT SYSTEM THROUGH YOUTH SPORT PARTICIPATION .... 192

BARRIER-FREE’ SPORTS AUDIO DESCRIPTION SERVICE STRATEGY FOR PEOPLE WITH VISUAL
IMPAIRMENTS IN KOREA: APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED IPA........................................................ 194

WHAT DO KOREAN COLLEGIATE STUDENT-ATHLETES THINK ABOUT THE C0 RULE? ................ 196

DECISION MAKING IN SELECTING A CAREER IN SPORTS MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY ON
SPORTS MANAGEMENT STUDENTS OF THAILAND NATIONAL SPORTS UNIVERSITY CHIANG MAI
CAMPUS............................................................................................................................................................ 198

A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BRAND IMAGE AND BRAND EQUITY ON
CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION: USING ATHLETES’ SELF-CREATED BRANDS AS AN
EXAMPLE ......................................................................................................................................................... 199

THE WORK COMPETENCIES OF INSTRUCTORS IN THE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION . 200

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE OF THE 16TH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR SPORT MANAGEMENT ...... 207



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

OPENING REMARKS BY DR. CHONGRAK WATCHARINRAT

*********************

Dear Kasetsart University’s Vice President, Dean of Page | 7
the Faculty of Sport Science, President of the Asian
Association for Sport Management, Executive
Committee members, President of the Sport
Management Association of Thailand, speakers,
delegates, scholars, students, and guests.

It is my great pleasure to welcome you all to
the opening ceremony of the 16th Asian Association
for Sport Management Conference. Today’s
conference has close to 100 participants
participating from more than 20 universities and
over ten countries across Asia, making it a truly
multinational conference in spirit.
I am proud to announce that this conference is hosted by Kasetsart
University’s Faculty of Sports Science. Our university is always committed to
pursuing sustainable development goals in delivering quality education in
Thailand. Not only have we long been known for academic excellence in
agricultural science, food, and forestry, but our track records also demonstrate
our continual determination to address pressing global challenges, especially
those including health crisis, food safety, environmental degradation, climate
change, deforestation, and quality living.
In the midst of a pandemic that is radically disrupting our life and
transforming our society, we can rely on sport and exercise as a tool to sustain
the sanity in our life, and, at the same time, to foster the health of the nation.
And this conference clearly deliver this point. As the theme of this conference
is “Revitalizing National and International Sport Ecosystem: Present and
Future,” this forum relates to sport management at many levels, in more than
one region, and in several related areas of experience. Among the issues
discussed are public health, physical activity, sport marketing, sport
governance and policy, sport events and tourism, Olympic movement, sport
legacy, and sport management.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank the Asian Association for
Sport Management for working so hard to make this event happen despite the
health crisis in many parts of the world. I also would like to thank all
participants for joining us at this virtual, but meaningful meeting. I hope that
this two-day conference will serve as your platform for exchanging ideas,
sharing best practices, and promoting scientific inquiries in the field of sport
management; thus you will benefit greatly from the activities. It surely
foreshadows a brighter future for the sport industry in Asia.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

Let me conclude my speech by encouraging everyone to actively
participate in all the sessions and discussions we made available through the
digital platforms throughout the program and to be inspired henceforth. I wish
everyone a productive, rewarding, and safe conference. Thank you.

Page | 8

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. ANUCHAI
PINYOPUMMIN

*********************

Page | 9

Dear President of Kasetsart University, Dr.
Chongrak Watcharinrat, Dean of Faculty of Sport
Science, President of Asian Association for Sport
Management, AASM, Executive Committee
members, President of Sport Management
Association of Thailand, speakers, scholars, ladies
and gentlemen.

It is an honor for Kasetsart University’s
Kamphaengsaen campus to host the 16th Asian
Association for Sport Management conference. I
would like to welcome all of you to this online
conference. To my regret, during this difficult
time, you cannot come to see our beautiful campus. Our campus is one of the
largest university campus in Thailand. With the vast area, the campus has
scholars with expertise in agriculture, veterinarian medicine, education, sport
and health.
We support every faculty to host the international conference, and the
AASM conference is a platform with a long history and Kasetsart University
has been involved in the movement since the beginning.
I am very delighted to learn that this academic gathering is hosted by the
faculty of sports science located at the Kamphaengsaen campus. I hope that
you find this a fruitful experience, and I can welcome you in person here one
day.
Thank you.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SIRIPORN
SASIMONTONKUL

*********************

Page | 10

Dear President of Kasetsart University, Dr.
Chongrak Watcharinrat, Vice President of
Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen
Campus, President of Asian Association for
Sport Management, Executive Committee
members, President of Sport Management
Association of Thailand, Keynote speakers,
scholars, ladies and gentlemen.

It is our honor to host the 16th AASM
Conference. This conference is a very
important event for the Faculty of Sports
Science in both academic and friendship
because most of international committees,
speakers and audiences are our friends.
Though, this moment we could not meet altogether in a beautiful Kamphaeng
Saen Campus of Kasetsart University. Anyway, I hope that we can exchange
our ideas and strengthen our friendship during this conference while going
through the tough pandemic situation. I’m please to welcome you all to our
campus again and hope that everyone can visit our beautiful country after the
pandemic situation get better.
Finally, I’m grateful to speakers and all contributors of this conference
with all my gratitude. I wish we could enjoy this meeting. Thank you all.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

WELCOME SPEECH BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. SUPITR SAMAHITO

*********************

Dear Colleagues, Page | 11

As one of the founders of Asian Association for

Sport Management in 2002. I am delighted to witness

the growth of the AASM Conference throughout the

past two decades.

We are under the global health crisis which

prohibit us from meeting face to face as we used to

be, but we can still share our goodwill and ambition in

nurturing sport management academic in Asia by

using online conference.

I am grateful that AASM Conference will return

to Thailand again, even we still face some challenges.

I would like to encourage you to participate in AASM

Conference 2021.

Your participation will make a valuable contribution to the development

of sport management academic in Asia.

I look forward to welcome you via online in August 19-20.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

WELCOME SPEECH BY PROF. DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA

*********************

Dear All AASM family Page | 12

On behalf of Asian Association for Sport
Management, I would like to welcome distinguish
guests, speakers, and presenters to the 16th AASM
Conference 2021. We were supposed to organize
the conference in Thailand last year, however, it
was postponed to this year along with Tokyo 2020
Olympic and Paralympic. We were trying to connect each other to enhance our
friendship and academic stimulation by organizing AASM webinars during
this period. On the other hand, we were very looking forward to seeing each
other even if the conference will be online.
Finally, I would like to appreciate Sport Management Association
Thailand and Kasetsart University to make this happen in this difficult
situation.

President, Asian Association for Sport Management (AASM)
Etsuko Ogasawara, Ph.D.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. SOMTHOP
THITHATHAN

********************* Page | 13
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen,

Welcome to the Asian Association of
Sport Management Conference 2021. I am very
honored to be here.

As a President of Sport Management
Association of Thailand, this is my first
opportunity to speak directly with the members
of AASM, the colleagues and the participants.

As we aware of, the pandemic of COVID
19 has been being the headline news of the
entire world. Obviously, the consequences impact the world sport industry to
downfall since it has been spread across the entire planet. Until now, no
country will overcome this dreadful situation by the upcoming year.
However, with the protocols of COVID 19: Social Distancing, everything
has to move forward and sustain the living. Similarly, to the academic scholars
must continue with their roles and responsibilities toward the students and the
community by engaging with the online classes and seminars.
Therefore, the Asian Association of Sport Management Conference 2021
is the moment of truth that how we the members of AASM never be
surrendered amid the pandemic.
I am ensuring the participants that the programs are included the
interested topics and the outstanding speakers to share their perspective the
sports after the pandemic.
I am wishing you all to achieve your expectation. I am pleased to be a
witness of this conference. Thank you.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

WELCOME SPEECH BY ASST. PROF. DR. ISSADEE KUTINTARA

*********************

not The world has been encountering the crisis that have Page | 14
ever happened in our generation. The global pandemic

affects not only the human health and lives, but also the

movement of people across the globe. The international and

even also national sport event have to limit the participants.

Cost in holding the event rise up and we cannot rely on

traditional principles such as a break-even point or payback

period in the situation that the end is still looming.

The 16th AASM Conference has been postponed

twice due to the uncertainty of the government measures in

controlling the pandemic. However, we finally choose to hold the virtual

conference to demonstrate that the human need to adapt to the situation, and do

not surrender to uncontrollable threats. The participation from all delegates and

scholars means a lot to us. Your confidence in the movement drives us to

overcome all difficulties.

As the chairman of the organizing committee, I would like to thank you

for all stakeholders who make this conference happen. I would like to thank

you Executives of AASM, SMAT, Kasetsart University for support. I also

appreciate sponsors for financial supports. In addition, the event cannot happen

without the dedication of the executives and staff of Faculty of Sports Science,

Kasetsart University.

I would like to welcome all speakers, delegates and participants to

conference, and for your trust and believe in human spirit.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

GUEST SPEAKER: DR. GONGSAK YODMANI

Dr. Gongsak Yodmani is the current governor of Sports Authority

of Thailand. Previously, he served in various leadership Page | 15
capacities in private and governmental organizations in

Thailand. He has extensive professional experience in law and

corporate management. He is an alumnus of Kasetsart

University, having obtained a Ph.D. in sport management. He

obtained a bachelor’s degree in law from Chulalongkorn

University, and later did his graduate work in the UK. Dr.

Gongsak also participated in the 2017 AASM conference in

Yongpyong, Korea, and all the more, won the best poster

presentation award at that event.

At present, he is spearheading Thailand’s sport affairs under the
Sports Authority of Thailand, where he used sport to create economic value for the country
through various projects such as SAT Sports Expo (2019 – 2020) (in Buriram, Chiang Rai,
and Phuket), Sports City (16 provinces, 29 activities), Thailand by UTMB 2020 Doi Inthanon
Chiang Mai (Thailand’s first time to be one of the six competition sites of the Ultra Trail
Mont Blanc - UTMB), MotoGP in Buriram (2018 – 2019)

He has brought developments to the face of sport in the country in other venues, e.g.,
renovation of the Rajamangala National Stadium (football pitch and stadium building) for
the AFC U23 Championship (2019 – 2020), renovation of SAT Sports Science Center to
become ASEAN’s leading high performance sports science center (2020 – 2021), cooperation
with 18 institutes, provincial sports science center development (38 provinces), Sports
Science Mobile Clinic (SSMC).

Under his leadership, the Sports Authority of Thailand makes sure we shall pull through the
ongoing global public health crisis. He initiates COVID-19 Insurance (2020 – 2021) for
provincial level athletes and sports personnel (approx. 10,000 people), established 7 Field
Hospitals (680 beds) and a COVID-19 vaccination center from 7 June – 30 September 2021
(12,000 people) in the SAT compound, a COVID-19 test center from 12 July – 6 August 2021
(40,000 people) at the Rajamangala National Stadium. In addition, he plans to implement
post-COVID restoration and rehabilitation for national sports associations and professional
sports associations.

To bear evidence to his dedication and governance, the Sports Authority of Thailand won the
second place of the Integrity and Transparency Award for Governmental Agencies in 2019.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

GUEST SPEAKER: DR. CHRISTOPH BREUER

Dr. Christoph Breuer is Full Professor for Sport
Management at the German Sport University Cologne
From 2006 to 2011 he was simultaneously Research Page | 16
Professor at German Institute of Economic Research (DIW
Berlin).

Moreover, he has been Vice President of German Sport
University since 2014, currently responsible for
development, resources and appointments. From 2012 to
2014 Dr. Breuer was member of the World Anti-Doping
Agency (WADA) Finance and Administration Committee.

Dr. Breuer has published more than 150 articles in peer-reviewed journals. According to
Google Scholar his h-index is 47 (reference day: May 20th, 2021). His main research areas
are football finance, nonprofit sport management and sponsorship.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

GUEST SPEAKER: DR. DAVID K. STOTLAR

Professor Emeritus, Sport Management, School of Sport &

Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado

B.A. Eastern Illinois (’74), M.S. Slippery Rock (’76), Ed.D. Utah

(’80) Page | 17

Dr. David K. Stotlar has a Doctor of Education degree from the
University of Utah and served as the Director of the School of
Sport & Exercise Science at the University of Northern
Colorado 1992-1996 & 2007-2014; retiring in 2015. As a Full
Professor he taught on the faculty in the areas of sport
management and sport marketing. He has had more than 90
articles published in professional journals and has written more
than 50 textbooks and book chapters in sport marketing and
management. During his career Dr. Stotlar has given over 300
presentations and workshops at national and international professional conferences. On
several occasions, he has served as a consultant in sport management to various sport
professionals; and in the area of sport marketing and sponsorship, to multinational
corporations and international sport managers. David was selected by the USOC as a
delegate to the International Olympic Academy in Greece and the World University Games
Forum in Italy and served as a venue media center supervisor for the 2002 Olympic Winter
Games.

He has conducted international seminars in sport management and marketing for the United
States Olympic Committee and NGBs, Qatar Olympic Committee, Bahrain Olympic
Committee, China Sport Industry Association, Hong Kong Olympic Committee, the National
Sports Council of Malaysia, Mauritius National Sports Council, the National Sports Council
of Zimbabwe, the Singapore Sports Council, the Chinese Taipei University Sport Federation,
the Bahrain Sport Institute, the government of Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Stotlar’s contribution to the profession includes being a founding member of the Sport
Marketing Association and namesake for the SMA Stotlar Award for mentoring students in
the discipline. In 2016 he received the Sutton Award from the Sport Marketing Association for
work with the sport industry. He also received the Southern Sport Marketing Association’s
lifetime achievement award in 2013. Dr. Stotlar was a member of the initial group of
professionals inducted as both NASSM and SMA Research Fellows. Dr. Stotlar was elected
President of the North American Society for Sport Management and served as a Board
Member. He previously served as Chair of the Council on Facilities and Equipment of the
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance and as a Board
Member.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

GUEST SPEAKER: DR. ETSUKO OGASAWARA

Dr. Etsuko Ogasawara is the founder and Executive
Director of the Japanese Association for Women in Sport
(JWS). She holds a Ph.D. in Sport Management at the Ohio
State University. Currently, she is a professor of sport Page | 18
management at Juntendo University in Japan. In addition,
she is one of founders and an executive board member and
chair of the committee of international affairs for Japanese
Association for Sport Management (JASM). She is the
president of Asian Association for Sport Management
(2018-2021). She has published many research papers on
job satisfaction in coaching, and women and sport issues. In addition, she has made
numerous presentations on her research at conferences across Japan and internationally.
Especially, she was one of the keynote speakers for 2013 FISU Conference in Kazan, Russia.

Dr. Ogasawara had been a member of the International Working Group on Women and Sport
(IWG) from 2000 to 2010, and was the Co-Chair for the period 2002-2006 in order to
organize the successful 2006 World Conference on Women and Sport in Kumamoto, Japan.
Now, she is the Asian representative member of the IWG Executive Board (2015-present).

Before beginning her doctoral studies, she was an assistant professor at the National Institute
of Fitness and Sport in Kanoya, Japan, and a head coach of the swim team. At the 1986 Seoul
Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, she joined the Japanese national
swimming team as a coaching staff.

Dr. Ogasawara received the Contribution Award of AVON for Women in 2004 in Japan, and
also the 2012 International Pathfinder Award from the National Association for Girls and
Women in Sport in the USA. In addition, Dr. Ogasawara was awarded the 2018 Japanese
Olympic Committee (JOC) Sport Award (Women and Sport Award).

Dr. Ogasawara was appointed as the first executive director of the Japanese Center for
Research on Women in Sport (JCRWS) that was newly established at the Juntendo University
on September 1st, 2014, and has served in this position until now.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

GUEST SPEAKER: DR. KEVIN FILO

Kevin Filo is an Associate Professor in Sport Management. He is
currently the Acting Deputy Head of Department in the
Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management in the
Griffith Business School at Griffith University in the Gold Coast, Page | 19
Australia. Kevin’s research examines the synergy between sport
and philanthropy, with a particular focus on charity sport event
participation. In addition, Kevin’s research investigates the
antecedents and outcomes of a meaningful sport event experience
through the lens of positive psychology. Prior to his academic
career, Kevin served as the Merchandising Coordinator for the
Lance Armstrong Foundation (LAF), a nonprofit organisation with the mission to inspire and
empower individuals living with cancer. During Kevin’s tenure as Merchandising Coordinator,
the LAF launched the LIVESTRONG wristband campaign in partnership with Nike. To date,
over 80 million LIVESTRONG wristbands have been sold and the initiative is regarded as the
most successful cause-related marketing campaign of all time. Kevin has published his work
in journals such as: Journal of Sport Management, Sport Management Review, Event
Management, and European Sport Management Quarterly (among others). Kevin has
collaborated with industry partners including: the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Relay
for Life, MS Queensland, Run Melbourne, and the Gold Coast Suns. Kevin obtained his
bachelor’s degree in Sociology and Social Welfare from the University of Wisconsin, and his
master’s degree in Sport Management from the University of Texas. Prior to his position at
Griffith University, he served as an Assistant Professor in Sport Marketing at the University
of Massachusetts.



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

LIST OF PEER REVIEWERS

No. Reviewer's Name Institutional Affiliation Country Page | 21
1 Govindasamy Balasekaran Nanyang Technological University Singapore
2 Leng Ho Keat Nanyang Technological University Singapore
3 Peggy Boey Nanyang Technological University Singapore
4 Ng Yew Cheo Nanyang Technological University Singapore
5 Rizaldy C. Hofilena Far Eastern University, Philippines Philippines
6 Geraldine Bernardo Sport Management Council of the Philippines Philippines
7 Choi, Yun Seok Korea National University of Transportation Korea
8 Kwon, Harry Hyungil Chung-Ang University Korea
9 Kim, May Korea University Korea
10 Nam, Sang Back Hanyang University Korea
11 Rei Yamashita Waseda University Japan
12 Tomo Tokuyama Osaka University of Health And Sport Sciences Japan
13 Daichi Oshimi Tokai University Japan
14 Yosuke Tsuji Rikkyo University Japan
15 Prasertchai Suksa-Ard Mahidol University Thailand
16 Nopporn Tasnaina Bangkokthonburi University Thailand
17 Suntipong Plungsuwan Burapha University Thailand
18 Wanchalee Noriya Mahidol University Thailand
19 Somthop Thitathan Mahidol University Thailand
20 Issadee Kutintara Kasetsart University Thailand
21 Arnon Wanla Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University Thailand
22 Oam To-Aj Mahidol University Thailand
23 Satjawat Jarueksil Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Thailand
24 Dittachai Chankuna Thailand National Sport University Chonburi Campus Thailand
25 Jane Nguyen Bangkokthonburi University Thailand
26 Issadee Kutintara Kasetsart University Thailand
27 Sid Terason Kasetsart University Thailand
28 Sarayut Noikasem Kasetsart University Thailand
29 Phennipha Phimphaphorn Kasetsart University Thailand
30 Pornchai Trusjaithum Kasetsart University Thailand
31 An Uesugi Kasetsart University Thailand



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

CONFERENCE PROGRAM

Theme: Revitalizing National and International Sport Ecosystem: Present and Future

19 – 20 August 2021

Updated on 10 August, 2021 Page | 23

Hosted by Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand (Online Conference)

Time Wednesday 18 August, 2021

(Bangkok)

GMT+7

9:00 – 12:00 AASM EC Meeting 2/2021

14:00 – 16:00 AASM General Assembly

Time Conference Day1 Thursday 19 August, 2021

8.30 – 9.30 Registration on-line for all participants

9.30 – 10:00 Opening Ceremony
9:30 – 9:35 Report from the chairman of the organizing committee: Dr. Issadee Kutintara
9:35 - 9:40
9:40-9:45 • Welcome Speech and Opening Remarks by KU President, Dr.
9:45-9:50 Chongrak Watchrinrat
9:50-9:55
9:55-10:00 • Welcome Speech by KUKPS Vice President, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anuchai
Pinyopummin

• Welcome Speech by Dean of Faculty of Sports Science, KUKPS Asst.
Prof. Dr. Siriporn Sasimontonkul

• Welcome Speech by President of Asian Association for Sport
Management, Prof. Dr. Etsuko Ogasawara

• Welcome Speech by President of Sport Management Association of
Thailand, Asst. Prof. Dr. Somthop Thithathan

MC: Dr. An Uesugi, Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham

10.00 – 10.20 Special Speech “Government measures in supporting sport ecosystem during
COVID-19 pandemic: the role of Sport Authority of Thailand”
By Governor, the Sports Authority of Thailand: Dr. Gongsak Yodmani
MC: Dr. An Uesugi, Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham

10.20 – 10.30 Break

10.30 – 12.10 Oral Presentations 1 (4 rooms of 4 oral presentations, 16 in total)
10:30 – 10:55 Room A Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason, Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat
10:55 – 11:20 Room B Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra Giang, Secretary: Mr. Darongpan
11:20 – 11:45 Apiromwilaichai
11:45 – 12:10 Room C Chairperson: Dr. Rei Yamashita, Secretary: Mr. Suriya Rajakhun

12.10 – 13.00 Lunch Break

13.00 – 15.10 Oral Presentations 2 (4 rooms of 5 oral presentations, 20 in total)
13:00 – 13:25 Room A Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra Giang Secretary: Dr. Issadee
13:25 – 13:50 Kutintara
13:50 – 14:15 Room B Chairperson: Dr. Chai Nimakorn, Secretary: Dr. Sarayut Noikasem
14:15 – 14:40 Room C Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Ungpakornkaew, Secretary: Dr. Pornchai
14:40 – 15:05 Trusjaitham

Room D Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason, Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat

15.05 – 15.45 Poster Presentation
MC: Dr. An Uesugi, Secretary: Ms. Suttinee Sriburi

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

15.45 – 16.30 Keynote Session 1

“How sport organizations cope with COVID-19 pandemic situation: Sport

Economics perspective”

Dr. Christoph Breuer

German Sport University Cologne

Moderator: Dr. Chai Nimakorn Page | 24
MC: Dr. An Uesugi

Time Conference Day2 Friday 20 August, 2021

8.00 – 9.00 Registration on-line for all participants

9.00 – 9.45 Keynote Session 2

“How sport marketers adapt strategies in reaching target audiences during

COVID-19 pandemic situation”.

Dr. David Stotlar:

Professor Emeritus: University of Northern Colorado

Moderator: Dr. Issadee Kutintara

MC: Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham

9.45 – 10.00 Break

10.00 – 12:00 Oral Presentations 3 (4 rooms of 5 oral presentations, 20 in total)

10:00 – 10:25 Room A Chairperson: Dr. Issadee Kutintara, Secretary: Ms. Suttinee Sriburi

10:25 – 10:50 Room B Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason, Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat

10:50 – 11:15 Room C Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Ungpakornkaew, Secretary: Mr. Pisit Nuttee

11:15 – 11:40 Room D Chairperson: Dr. Sarayut Noikasem, Secretary: Mr. Darongpan

11:40 – 12:05 Apiromwilaichai

12.05 – 13.00 Lunch Break & AASM Joint EC Meeting

13.00 – 13.45 Keynote Lecture 3
The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on sport charitable event and how sport
managers utilizing tools in reviving their events.
-Dr. Kevin Filo
Griffith University, Australia
Moderator: Dr. Sid Terason
MC: Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham

13.45 – 14.30 Keynote Lecture 4
The path to glory: the long term athlete development model of Taekwondo
Association of Thailand.
Mr.Thanadit Raktabutr, Secretary General of Taekwondo Association of
Thailand
Dr. Choi Yong Seok, Head Coach, Taekwondo Association of Thailand
Ms. Chanatip Sonkham, Assistant Coach, Taekwondo Association of
Thailand
Moderator: Dr. Pongsak Swatdikiat and Dr. Sarayut Noikasem
MC: Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham

14.30 – 14.45 Break

14.45 – 15.30 Keynote Session 5
Major sporting event under global crisis: Lessons learned from Tokyo 2020
- Dr. Etsuko Ogasawara
President of Asian Association for Sport Management 2018-2021
Moderator: Dr. Issadee Kutintara
MC: Dr. An Uesugi

15:30 - 16.00 Closing Ceremony

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

15:30-15:40 AASM Conference 2022 Promotion
15:40 – 15:50 Award Presentation
15:50 – 16:00 Closing Remarks: Asst.Prof.Dr. Siriporn Sasimontonkul, Dean, Faculty of

Sports Science, Kasetsart University
MC: Dr. An Uesugi and Dr. Pornchai Trusjaitham

Page | 25

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

PRESENTER GUIDELINES

16th AASM Conference 2021

PRESENTATION FORMATS Page | 26

The information provided below is for all authors whose abstracts have been
previously reviewed and accepted.

Type of Session Format Session Duration PowerPoint/PDF poster
Submission Deadline
Oral Session Live stream-- 15 minutes for prersentation
5 minutes Q & A August 16, 2021

Poster Sessions Live stream - 40 minutes discussion August 16, 2021

Oral Session
• Oral presentations will be live-streamed via Webex.
• We have a technical team to provide support before and during the event.
• Presentations are 15 minutes maximum.
• There will be live Q&A with audience after the presentation.
• On the day of your presentation, your session will be opened by our technical team.
• You should come to your room 15 minutes before the session begins. The secretary
will check if all presenters of the session are in the room.
• The chairman will open the session, you will share your PowerPoint yourself, and
then give your presentation. Our technical team will help you if any problem arises.
• Please send your PowerPoint slides and your photo (with your face) to [email protected]
by August 16, 2021. We will use the photo for AASM award ceremony.

Poster Sessions
• Poster sessions will be live-streamed via Webex.
• We have a technical team to provide support before and during the event.
• There will be 40 minutes of discussion time with participants.
• There will be no slot for formal presentation.
• Poster will be pre-uploaded in advance on the AASM conference website.
• You will share your PDF poster yourself on your Webex discussion room. Our
technical team will help you if any problem arises.
• The format should be PDF (one slide only) in ‘landscape’ (horizontal) orientation,
16:9
• Maximum file size for poster is 2 MB
• Minimum suggested font-size: 24 (20 for references)
• Make sure your text and background have a large contrast

Please send your PDF poster and your photo (with your face) to [email protected] by
August 16, 2021. We will use the photo for AASM award ceremony.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

TIMETABLE OF ORAL SESSIONS

19th August 2021

10:30-12:10 Room OB Broader, New and Critical Aspects of Room OC Sport Consumer Behavior

Room OA Public Health and Physical Activity Sport Management
Management
Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra Giang Chairperson: Dr. Rei Yamashita
Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason
Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Phunsawat Secretary:Mr.Darongpan Apiromwilaichai Secretary: Mr. Suriya Rajakhun Page | 27
10:3010:55 OA 1-1
OB 1-1 The landscape of Thailand sport OC 1-1 Effect of Models in Fitness Magazines on
10:5511:20 OA 1-2
ecosystem: How does energy flow in the Visual Attention and Consumer Behaviour
11:2011:45 OA 1-3 Community-based Exercising for Good
Health and A Bright Mind sport ecosystem in Thailand? Dominic Ang, Leng Ho Keat
Khewika Sukiam, Jeeranan Sangsrijan
Penprapa Teeranuwat
11:4512:10 OA 1-4 Concurrent Validity of OMNI Rate of
Perceived Exertion Color Face Scale OB 1-2 Genderism and the Acceptance of Intersex OC 1-2 A comparison of Country of Origin
among Young Adults in Singapore
Peggy Boey, Govindasamy Balasekaran, Athletes in Sport Events Terminology and Country of Origin effect
Yew Cheo Ng
Chikako Tanimoto, Koji Miwa in Sports Products

Phua Yi Xian Philip, Leng Ho Keat

OB 1-3 OC 1-3 A Comparative analysis on raffle

marketing: Focusing on purchase

orientation, conspicuous consumption,

satisfaction, and repurchase intention

In-Yup Lee, Jin-Wook Han, Dong-Kyu

Kim, Chulhwan Choi

OB 1-4 Prevalence Of Injuries Among Schools OC 1-4 The Football Viewing Behavior On New

Netball Athletes In Sri Lanka Media During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Shalika U. Kumari, Pathum P. In Thailand

Weerakkody Pisit Nuttee, Suttinee Sriburi, Sid Terason

13:00-15:05

Room Sport Events and Tourism Room Sport Marketing and Room Olympic Movement and Legacy Room Strategy, Leadership and
OA Chairperson: Dr. Nguyen Tra
OB Sponsorship OC Management OD Stakeholder Management in
Giang
Chairperson: Dr. Chai Nimakorn Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Sport
Secretary: Dr. Issadee Kutintara
Secretary: Dr. Sarayut Noikasem Ungpakornkaew Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason

Secretary: Dr. Pornchai Secretary: Dr. Phennipha

Trusjaitham Phunsawat

13:0013:25 OA 2-1Sport Tourist’s Experience-based OB 2-1Black, Red or Blue? The Effects of OC 2-1The Academy of Olympism : OD 2- Critical Factors In Organizing
1 International Badminton
Nostalgia and Revisit Colour on Sponsor Recall in Sport Thailand Olympic Academy

Intention to the Stadium Event Advertisements: An Eye- Suriyan Somphongand, Komkrit Tournaments Amid The COVID-19

Kosuke Takata, Kirstin Hallmann tracking Study Rattamanee Pandemic

Brendon Yi Wei TOH, Leng Ho Suttinee Sriburi, Pisit Nuttee, Sid

Keat Terason

13:2513:50 OA 2-2Exploring the effects on parents’ OB 2-2Recent Developments in China OC 2-2Initiatives for Gender Equality in OD 2- How medal bonus may affect the
outdoor leisure participation with regarding the Protection of the Olympic Movement in Japan 2 athlete’s performance
children: A comparison of Intangible Sports Assets toward the IOC's 25 Suriya Rajakhun
Japanese and Thai parents. Guo Cai Recommendations
An Uesugi, Rei Yamashita Mika Takezawa, Etsuko
Ogasawara

13:5014:15 OA 2-3The social impacts of the 2019 OB 2-3The Effect of CSR Activities on OC 2-3Development a New Olympic OD 2- Development Model from Thai

Rugby World Cup: Focusing on a Corporate Image in Korean Value Scale in the Olympic Games 3 Youth Football Players to

community hosting the official Professional Volleyball League: the Tokyo 2020 under the COVID-19 International Professional Football

team camps Mediated Effect of Brand Image pandemic Players (JAPAN) Puree

Yukako Wada, Naoki Toyota, Kyu Hyun Choi, Tae Hoon Lee, Risato Ando Wattanasupt

Hirotaka Matsuoka Hong Wei Yang, Choong Hoon Lim

14:1514:40 OA 2-4Tourism for Wellness OB 2-4Challenges of Regional OC 2-4Review Of Participation Patterns OD 2- Promoting Youth Athletes in a
Suvimol Tangsujjapoj 4 National Basketball
Revitalization through Stadium Of Women In Olympic League: A New Paradigm
Darongpan Apiromvilaichai
Development and Movements

Commercialization Pathum P. Weerakkody

Yamato Okabe, Etsuko Ogasawara

14:4015:05 OA 2-5Fan Engagement in Sports Events OB 2-5The Effect of CEO’s Image on OC 2-5 OD 2- Sports Management and
5 Transformational Leadership:
under Defensive Measure of Spectator Loyalty in Thai The Need to Adapt Sports
Organizations to the New
COVID-19 Pandemic Professional Football Club in Contemporary Contexts
André Dionisio Sesinando, Mário
Chananan Samahito Bangkok and Perimeter Kanoknan Coelho Teixeira
(VIDEO)
Suchao-in

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

20th August 2021

10:00-11:40

Room E-Sport and Technology Sport Media, Public Relations and Room Public Health and Physical Room Human Resource Management in

OA Management Room Communication OC Activity Management OD Sport Organizations

Chairperson: Dr. Issadee Kutintara OB Chairperson: Dr. Sid Terason Chairperson: Dr. Nipat Chairperson: Dr. Sarayut
Secretary: Ms. Suttinee Sriburi Secretary: Dr. Phennipha Ungpakornkaew Noikasem
Phunsawat Secretary: Mr. Pisit Nuttee Secretary: Mr. Darongpan

10:0010:25 OA 3-1Knowledge Mapping of eSport OB 3-1International Athlete Participation OC 3-1Mental Health among Adults Page | 28Apiromwilaichai
Research: A Bibliometric and
Visualized Analysis Trends In American during the COVID-19 Circuit OD 3- Impact of Met-expectation of
Weisheng Chiu, Thomas C. M. 1 Sport and Recreation Managers on
Fan, Heetae Cho Collegiate Sports Breaker in Singapore Attitudinal and Behavioral
Outcomes through Quality of
Robert L. Herron, Sandra K. Ng Yew Cheo, Govindasamy Work Life
Seungmo Kim, Sanghyun Park,
Geringer, Brandon D. Spradley, Balasekaran, Say Jun De Edward Adam Love

Fred J. Cromartie, Roch A. King

10:2510:50 OA 3-2The effectiveness of Esport OB 3-2The Impact of Social Live OC 3-2Levels of Physical Activity among OD 3-
promoting in China
Wanchalee Noriya, Oam To-aj, Streaming Sports Broadcasting Adults during COVID19 in 2
Sakkarin Muendech, Satjawat
Jarueksil Jockey Brand Image on Viewing Singapore

Satisfaction and Re-view Intention Govindasamy Balasekaran

Hong Wei Yang, Sang Yong An, Ju

Yeon Lee, Choong Hoon Lim

10:5011:15 OA 3-3Management for eSport OB 3-3Development of Video Media for OC 3-3The Effect of COVID-19 Risk OD 3- Women Employees’ Job

Organization : Consideration as Public Relations of Wakeboard Perception on Perceived 3 Engagement in The Sport Industry

Olympic sport Tuangporn Cheunchitpisaikul, Anxiety Control and Participation Alicia Romano, Logan Schuetz,

Yu Hanada, Etsuko Ogasawara Saralee Sonchan, Wirat Sonchan, Motivation for Sport Participants Tyler Hajek
Watcharin Padungratchadakit, Dong Il Lee, Sang Back Nam (VIDEO)
Rongkapoom
Puranawit, Pichaya Noppakal

11:1511:40 OA 3-4The Effect of E-sports OB 3-4The sport management in São OC 3-4Runners’ Experiences in Online OD 3- Knowledge management for sports

Commentator’s Characteristics on Paulo Pan-American Games 1963: Marathons: A Content 4 training management in sport’s

Viewer’s Perceived Enjoyment the Water Polo gold medal and its Analysis of Online Comments to multidisciplinary and

and Re-Watching Intention impact on printed media the 2021 Kyoto Marathon interdisciplinary context Luiz
Keonhee Lee, Sangback Nam Silvio Telles, Luiz Carlos Nery, Chin-Kuang Chen Carlos Nery, Sílvio Telles, Mário

Coelho Teixeira Coelho Teixeira
(VIDEO) (VIDEO)

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

TIMETABLE OF POSTER SESSIONS

Room Title/Authors Room Title/Authors
No. No.
P9
P1 Topic Modeling Analysis of Media Coverage on Perceived Market Value of Governmental
P10
Exemption from Military Duty for Korean Male Athletes Investment on Elite Sport Development in South Page | 29
P11
Juhae Baeck, Hyungchul Joo, Hyungil Harry Korea

Kwon, Hyojun Nam Jae-Eun Shin, Harry Hyungil Kwon

P2 Are They Citizens or Heros?: Media Framing on Developing Korea National Sport System
Through Youth Sport Participation
Specially Naturalized Athletes

Eun-Suk Park, Seong-Hee Park, Nam-su Kim Nam-Su Kim, Ye Hoon Lee, Seong-Hee Park

P3 Relationship between coaching behaviors, athlete ‘Barrier-Free’ Sports Audio Description Service
Strategy for People with Visual Impairments in
satisfaction, and turnover intention in South Korea Korea: Application of the modified IPA

Seong-Hee Park, Nam-su Kim, Ye Hoon Lee

Eunhye Kim, Jooyeon Jin, Hyungil Kwon, Jian
Kim

P4 The Influence of Sports Brand SNS(Social Network Service)’s P12 What do Korean collegiate student-athletes
Content Characteristics on Consumption Vision and Purchase P13
Intention: focused on Instagram think about the C0 rule?
Younglin Lee, Junseok Byeon, Hongning Mao, Taehee Kim,
Kyungro Chang Hyungil Kwon, Mihwa Choi

P5 Estimating the Economic Value of Physical Decision Making in Selecting a Career in Sports
Activities in School using Contingent Value Method: Physical Management: A Case Study on Sports
Activity Promotion System (PAPS) in South Korea Management Students of Thailand National
Aeryung Hong, Jian Kim, Chanmin Park Sports University Chiang Mai Campus

P6 Comparing the Values of Medal Success in International Sports P14 Pacharakamon Arkornsakul, Pacharaporn
Events and Exemption from Active Military Duty for Korean Arkornsakul
Athletes Using the Contingent Valuation Method
A study on the correlation between brand
Hyungchul Joo, Juhae Baeck, Hyungil Harry Kwo, Taeyeon Koo image and brand equity on consumers’
purchase intention: Using athletes’ self-created
P7 Systematic Literature Review of the Impact of P15 brands as an example
Hosting Sport Mega-events on Residents' Housing Wan-Chen,Liu
Zixuan Xiao, Claudio Rocha
The Work Competencies of Instructors in the
Institute of Physical Education
Chaturong Hemara, Umaporn Kong u-rai
Gosol Rodma, Preeyanat Buathongchan

P8 The Effect of Professional Baseball Non-Contact Spectating
Service on User Communitas, Flow, and Cognitive Experience
Danbi Heo, Chen Tian, Yumi Jo, Taehee Kim,
Kyungro Chang



ORAL SESSION



16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

COMMUNITY-BASED EXERCISING FOR GOOD HEALTH AND A
BRIGHT MIND

Khewika Sukiam1 and Jeeranan Sangsrijan2 Page | 33
1Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand

[email protected]
2Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract
Huai Muang Community in Nakhon Pathom Province is neither big nor little. There

were a lot of people involved in drugs. A survey by Narcotics Control Management Center,
Ministry of Public Health, from October 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020, revealed a high rate of
drug addiction. For this reason, people in the community started paying attention to their
children and hoped that their children would not become drug addicts. We worked with Huai
Muang subdistrict administrative government in implementing the project “Community
Exercising for Good Health and A Bright Mind.” This project aimed to enhance the physical
and mental health of residents in Huai Muang community and to promote physical activity
among its residents so that they would become healthy and happy. The volunteers in this
project were youths and older people. It was found the residents had good physical and
mental health, and did not get tired easily. They found exercise helped them stay away from
drugs. It was recommended community residents should exercise regularly and probably
should form a club or group to achieve sustainability in exercise.

Keywords: good health, exercise, bright mind, drugs

Introduction
Drugs are part of today's social problems. These causing made the government to lose

the cost of treating this group of people. Because when they are addicted to drugs, they will
not do anything, but will use the method of stealing and starting with theft in the house to
even theft outside home. (TO BE NUMBER ONE, 2018). The problem that burdens society
economic downturn. Let everyone begin to realize the many problems that follow. Huai
Muang community that has been affected by the use of drugs by people in the area.

According from above make community leaders and people in the community
interested in the problem of drugs. And has cooperated with Ministry of Higher Education,
Sciences, Research and Innovation to do project the 1 Village 1 University. Under this project
the researcher was set ‘Community-based Exercising for Good Health and A Bright Mind’.
This project had three months start from April, 2020 till June, 2020.

The objective of the study is to investigate how to enhance the physical and mental
health of residents in Huai Muang community and how to promote physical activity among
its residents so that they would stay healthy and live a drugs-free life.

Literature review
Huai Muang Community in Nakhon Pathom Province is neither big nor little. There

were a lot of people involved in drugs. A survey by Narcotics Control Management Center,
Ministry of Public Health, from October 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020, revealed a high rate of
drug addiction. For this reason, people in the community started paying attention to their
children and hoped that their children would not become drug addicts. We worked with Huai

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

Muang subdistrict administrative government in implementing the project “Community
Exercising for Good Health and A Bright Mind.
Haskell, W., Montoye, H., & Orenstein, D. (1985). Physical Activity and Exercise to Achieve
Health-Related Physical Fitness Components. Public Health Reports (1974-), 100(2), 202-
212. Retrieved August 10, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20056437

The following excerpt was taken from Haskell, Montoye and Orenstein (1985). That Page | 34
physically active people of all ages generally tend to be healthier than their sedentary
counterparts has become a basic tenet of most health promotion programs.The health benefits
ascribed to physical activity are varied and include enhancement of both biologic and
psychologic functions (Siscovick, LaPorte, & Newman, 1985; Taylor, Sallis, & Needle,
1985). Whereas definitive evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between an increase in
habitual physical activity or exercise and many specific health benefits is still lacking, there is
sufficient evidence of a positive relationship to warrant advising a physically active lifestyle
in conjunction with other positive health behaviors. At the same time, we need to continue to
advocate research into the characteristics of physical activity or exercise required to improve
health and strategies to promote adoption and maintenance of physical activity. Of critical
importance to the design of an effective and safe physical activity program is a
comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the physical activity stimulus needed
to develop and maintain the desired benefits. What type, intensity, duration, and frequency of
exercise are needed to produce the targeted effect? Is there an absolute threshold of intensity,
amount, or duration that has to be achieved, or does any increase produce some benefit? Is
the exercise stimulus required to maintain fitness similar to that required to improve fitness?
Can the physical activity be separated into small multiple bouts each day, or does it need to
be performed in a more extended exercise session of 20 minutes or more? Is the dose-
response relationship different for each health benefit? Are the exercise characteristics needed
to improve health similar for males and females and for all groups of people?

Since many people would prefer not to have to exercise vigorously to maintain good
health, what is the minimum amount of exercise needed to improve health status? For most
health benefits frequently fitness and health may occur simultaneously during physical
activity, the exercise-induced stimulus needed for each might be quite different. Sources of
information. Information relating physical activity to health status comes from a variety of
different types of research or practical experience. A majority of the studies that contain data
concerning the effect of physical exercise on disease prevention are characterized by their
observational nature: the clinical health status of physically active people is compared to less
active people (cross-sectional), or the development of disease is analyzed according to
baseline physical activity status (longitudinal).

Very few controlled, experimental trials have been completed that have adequately
investigated the impact of an increase in physical activity on the primary or secondary
prevention of a specific disease. Available data on the relationship of physical activity to the
primary prevention of such disorders as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke,
diabetes, orthopedic complications, or psychologic dysfunction are from observational and
not experimental studies. Most studies have related lower risks for these disorders to activity
status and not to level of fitness. Such data limit our ability to assess cause-and-effect
relationships between physical activity and disease prevention and, in many cases, have not
provided much precise information on the characteristics of the physical activity associated
with reduced occurrence of disese. Much more evidence exists that exercise causes an
improvement in the clinical status of patients or aids in secondary prevention (May et al.,
1982).

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

Much of the data used to support the physical activity and health improvement
hypothesis have been derived from studies that have investigated the effects of exercise on
specific biologic changes known or thought to be linked either directly or indirectly to health
status. These changes include measures of physical fitness (aerobic capacity, skeletal muscle
strength, flexibility, and so forth) or biologic changes not necessarily linked to improved
functional capacity (altered lipoprotein profiles, increased insulin sensitivity, delayed loss of Page | 35
bone calcium). While one cannot assume that a positive change in one of these biologic
functions is the same as improving health status, these studies have contributed substantially
to our belief that exercise improves health and to our knowledge regarding the characteristics
of the exercise required to produce specific effects.

The stimuli needed. What has to occur as a result of physical activity so that the
desired changes in health are produced? If physical activity is beneficial, there is some
unknown response in the person triggered by the activity that subsequently causes the health
benefit. We call this unknown the stimulus. Is the effect acute (during or immediately after a
single bout of exercise) or is it chronic (a delayed response only resulting after repeated bouts
of exercise have been performed)? Is the stimulus for any specific health effect effect
mechanical, chemical, situational, social, or some combination of these? While we know a
great deal about how to describe many of the various exercise training effects, we know very
little about their controlling mechanisms or the stimuli required to produce or maintain them.
The chronic effects of exercise (the training response) are adaptive responses by the body to
the stress placed on various tissues and biologic functions by the increased metabolic, or
physical, or mechanical demands (or both) of the exercise. If the appropriate type of exercise
is performed at the proper intensity, duration, and frequency, sedentary persons of all ages
will achieve significant improvements in physical fitness and associated health benefits.

Thus, for exercise to produce a training response, it must provide a stress or demand
on the appropriate function or tissue; and for improvement to continue, this demand must
slowly increase over days, weeks, or months. This process follows th ree basic principles of
exercise training: overload, specificity, and progression (Wilmore, 1982). For some health
benefits, such as improved tat and carbohydrate metabolism or increased insulin sensitivity,
the necessary exercise stimulus appears to be similar to that required for the improvement in
aerobic capacity: a sustained increase in the rate of energy expenditure by large skeletal
muscles (Kemmer & Berger, 1983; Haskell, 1984). The increased energy production during
and following exercise increases the rate of functioning of other biologic systems needed to
support the raised metabolic rate of the muscles and, if repeatedly stimulated, will increase
their capacity or efficiency. It is the adaptive response of these other systems, including the
central nervous system, that appears to provide many of the physical health benefits of
exercise. However, it is not yet clear whether it is solely the repeated acute effects of the
physical activity or a chronic training effect that produces some of the health-related benefits
ascribed to aerobic training. Stimuli may be related to the physical or mechanical stress
placed on the muscles, connective tissue, or skeleton. For instance, the maintenance of
muscle tone and good posture in children (Bailey, 1976) and the retention of bone calcium
through exercise following menopause (Smith, Reddan, & Smith, 1981), most likely are the
result of mechanical stress placed on muscles and bones by weight-bearing or resistive
physical activity.

We know very little about the required stimuli for the various psychological benefits
ascribed to physical activity. Are the effects due to biologic changes resulting from the
physical activity itself? Are they behavioral due to the interaction between the exerciser and
the exercising situation, or to some combination of both biologic and behavioral factors? Do

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

some of the beneficial psychological effects require strictly a biologic stimulus such as an
alteration in sympathetic nervous system activity, whereas others are dependent on a
behavioral stimulus such as physical separation from the stress-producing situation or the
interaction with an exercise leader? From what little is known about these issues, it appears
that multiple stimuli probably exist. As Bahre and Morgan (Bahre & Morgan, 1978) have
pointed out, exercise may be a useful stress-coping mechanism for some people simply Page | 36
because it is "time out."

Leisure-time activity can be an effective way of physically and mentally separating
oneself from stress-producing situations at home or work. The physical separation plus
pleasant surroundings, an enthusiastic exercise leader, and sympathetic coexercisers may be
all that is required to decrease anxiety, hostility, or depression; the actual exercise and its
biologic effects may be secondary. Added to these possibilities are the diversionary effects of
competition with oneself to do better, or with others to do well or win, and the stimulus of
excitement or risk of some activities.

Supplementing the situational or behavioral stimuli for enhanced psychological status
may be biologic changes such as altered central nervous or hormonal regulation (Ransford,
1982), improved exercise capacity, and changes in appearance. If individuals can work harder
and longer at a task before they become fatigued or if they perceive that their appearance has
improved, their self-image or general feeling of well-being may be improved. Physical
activity requirements. The increase in estimated or measured aerobic capacity (VO2Max) has
been commonly used to evaluate the healthpromoting effectiveness of physical activity or
exercise training regimens. If maximal oxygen consumption (VO2Max) or another measure
of endurance capacity does not significantly increase, there has been a strong tendency to
consider the exercise or activity regimen as not having beneficial health effects (Cooper,
1968).

While enhanced aerobic capacity is closely tied to various beneficial hemodynamic
and metabolic changes produced by exercise, many biologic and psychologic benefits can
occur as a result of exercise or activity regimens that do not increase VO2Max or endurance
capacity. For example, strength training may improve psychological status (reduce stress,
improve self-image, and so forth) or help retain bone mineral content; low-intensity dynamic
activity (less than 60 percent VO2Max) can reduce stress, contribute to weight loss, or
improve selected biochemical reactions; and flexibility exercises may contribute to better
musculoskeletal integrity with increasing age. Thus, it is very important to consider the
specific objectives of the individual and his or her exercise capacity (recent exercise habits,
age, clinical status), interests, skills, and opportunities when deciding on an exercise regimen.

Method
This is a descriptive study that use a survey to investigate the present health condition

of a community and propose guidelines to handle the drugs problem. We used convenience
sampling and administered a questionnaire to a sample of local residents for this study.

Results
It was found the residents had good physical and mental health, and did not suffer

from work-related exhaustion. They believed that exercise helped them stay healthy and they
should keep off from drugs.

To improve health and fitness effectively through physical activity or exercise, we
need to understand how this comes about. For many of these changes, the stimulus has been
grossly defined in terms of type, intensity, duration, andfrequency ofexercise, but for others a

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

dose-response relationship has not been determined. Physical activity that appears to provide
the most diverse health benefits consists of dynamic, rhythmical contractions of large
muscles that transport the body over distance or against gravity at a moderate intensity
relative to capacity for extended periods oftime during which 200 to 400 kilocalories (or 4
kilocalories per kilogram of body weight) are expended. For optimal health benefits, such
activity should be performed daily or at least every other day and should be supplemented Page | 37
with some heavy resistance and flexibility exercises. The greatest benefits are achieved when
the least active individuals become moderately active; much less benefit is apparent when the
already active individual becomes extremely active. Overexertion or inappropriate exercise
can produce significant health risks. Research is needed to characterize better the health-
promoting features of physical activity and exercise.

Discussion
It was recommended community residents should keep their exercise regimen, and

probably should form a local club or support group to help them observe the sustainable
health guidelines. While the medical care encounter is considered an ideal situation in which
patients are encouraged to increase their physical activity levels, very little research has been
conducted in this setting. In fact, with the exception of the physical activity components of
cardiac rehabilitation programs, few formal physical activity programs are available in
medical care settings. Although the workplace is currently the focus of the greatest interest by
those persons who implement physical activity programs, there is little precision in defining
what constitutes a worksite physical activity program. A number of researchers and authors,
using program experience rather than empiricalfindings, have described what they believe to
be the important components of successful worksites health promotion and physical
education programs. The greatest variety ofphysical activity programs are found in
community settings. They are offered by a number of nonprofit private organizations,
nonprofit public agencies, and for-profit organizations. While relatively little research has
been done concerning changes in the community environment, it is clear that such changes
can effect community participation. Community campaigns to increase physical activity have
been studied, and it appears that they clearly affect residents' interest and awareness in
physical activity, but they do not have a major effect on behavioral changes in the short term.
It appears that a major opportunity to influence favorable physical activity in the United
States is being missed in schools.

References
Ministry of Public Health. (2020). Statistic of Narcotics Control. Retrieved July 12, 2020

from https://www.oncb.go.th/EN_ONCB/Documents/Thailand%20Narcotics%20
Control%20Annual%20Report%202019.pdf
Huai Muang Community. (2020). Community lifestyle of shrimp farmers. Retrieved July 1,
2020 from https://www.face book.com. Huai Muang Community -148494352611375/
TO BE NUMBER ONE. (2018). The project who is addicted to drugs raise your hand.
Retrieved July 12, 2020 http://www.tobefriend.in.th/activities/ac11-addiction.php
Siscovick, D. S., LaPorte, R. E., & Newman, J. M. (1985). The disease-specific benefits and
risks of physical activity and exercise. Public Health Report,100, 180–188.
Taylor, C. B., Sallis, J. F., & Needle, R. (1985). The relationship between physical activity
and exercise and mental health. Public Health Report, 100, 195–202.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

May, G. S. et al. (1982). Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: A review of long–

term trials. Prognosis Cardiovascular Disease, 24, 331–352.

Kemmer, F. W., & Berger, M. (1983). Exercise and diabetes mellitus: physical activity as a

part of daily life and its role in the treatment of diabetic patients. International Journal

of Sports Medicine, 4, 77–88.

Wilmore, J. H. (1982). Training for sport and activity (2nd ed.). Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Page | 38

Haskell, W. L. (1984). Exercise induced changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Preventive

Medicine, 13, 23–36.

Bailey, D. A. (1976). The growing child and the need for physical activity. In Child in sport

and physical activity, edited by J. G. Albinson and P. R. Andrew. University Park

Press, Baltimore, MD, 81–96.

Smith, E. L., Reddan, W., & Smith, P. E. (1981). Physical activity and calcium modalities for

bone mineral increase in aged women. Medical Science Sports Exercise, 13, 60–64.

Bahre, M. S., & Morgan, W. P. (1978). Anxiety reduction following exercise and meditation.

Cognitive Ther Research, 2, 323–334.

Ransford, C. P. (1982). A role for amines in the antidepressant effect of exercise: A review.

Medical Science Sports Exercise,14, 1–10.

Cooper, K. H. (1968). Aerobics. M. Evans and Co.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF OMNI RATE OF PERCEIVED
EXERTION COLOR FACE SCALE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN

SINGAPORE

Peggy Boey, Govindasamy Balasekaran and Ng Yew Cheo Page | 39
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Introduction
To determine the reproductibility of different perceived exertion levels by young

adults in Singapore.

Literature review
The renowned OMNI Rate of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE) has withstood the test

of time since its inception and has been validated across nationalities, age group, gender and
health status (Balasekaran et al., 2014 & Robertson et al., 2001). The OMNI RPE Color Face
Scale (CFS) is a modification of the original scale to increase usability across exercise modes
and age groups. An estimation-production paradigm was conducted to validate the OMNI
RPE CFS. Concurrent validity is a criteria that determines the validity of the scale in
measuring perceived exertion (Haile, Gallagher & Robertson, 2015). Low exercise intensity
can be referrenced to RPE 2, while moderate intensity can be referrenced from RPE 5 to 7 of
the OMNI RPE scale (Robertson, 2004).

Method
Ten healthy participants (Age: 28.10±5.05yrs, Height: 165.70±11.47cm, Weight:

60.46±12.12kg, percentage body fat (%BF): 21.93±5.32 %) were recruited for the study. In
the estimation session (ES), a discontinuous graded submaximal exercise treadmill run test
(GXT) that involves 4-minute work-rest cycle was conducted. Treadmill gradient was
maintained at 1% and speed was increased at 0.5km·h-1 per work stage. Within the last 15
seconds of each work stage, RPE and heart rate (HR) were recorded using the OMNI RPE
CFS and HR monitor respectively. Test was terminated upon volitional exhaustion. In the
production session (PS), participants ran three trials (RPE 2, 5 and 7) at 8 minutes each.
Participants had 3 minutes to adjust their speed and maintained their self-selected speed for
the next 5 minutes. Between each trial, participants were given 1-minute of active rest at
1km·h-1 on the treadmill with treadmill gradient at 1%. HR and RPE were measured at the
last 15 seconds of each minute. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured by metabolic cart
for both sessions.

Results
No significant differences were observed between ES and PS for HR at RPE 2 (ES:

131.70±24.06 beats·min-1 vs. PS: 126.84±20.36 beats·min-1, p=0.476); RPE 5 (ES:
155.02±21.52 beats·min-1 vs. PS: 148.76±16.18 beats·min-1, p=0.215) and RPE 7 (ES:
167.036±14.70 beats·min-1 vs. PS: 162.70±10.61 beats·min-1, p=0.133). No significant
differences were observed between ES and PS for VO2 at RPE 2 (ES: 23.63±4.80 ml·kg-
1·min-1 vs. PS: 21.44±5.50 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.098); RPE 5 (ES: 31.70±4.11 ml·kg-1·min-1 vs.
PS: 29.68±5.72 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.160) and RPE 7 (ES: 36.23±2.94 ml·kg-1·min-1 vs. PS:
34.83±5.58 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.375). Increment results indicated significant differences
between RPE 2 and 5 for HR and VO2 (HR: 21.92 beats·min-1, VO2: 8.23 ml·kg-1·min-1,
p=0.00), and between RPE 5 and 7 (HR: 13.94 beats·min-1, VO2: 5.16 ml·kg-1·min-1, p=0.00).

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

Neither VO2 nor HR differed significantly between ES and PS when compared at RPE 2, 5
and 7. Responses between RPE trials during production trial showed intensity discrimination.

Discussion
Intensity descrimination was observed in HR and VO2 between each increasing RPE.

Presciption congruence was achieved between PS and ES as VO2 and HR did not differ Page | 40
signfiicantly. Adults are able to self-regulate exercise intensity using the OMNI RPE CFS.

References
Balasekaran, G., Thor, D., Ng, Y. C., & Govindaswamy, V. V. (2014). OMNI Scale of

Perceived Exertion: Self-Regulation of Exercise Intensity in Youths and
Pedagogical Approaches for Youths in Physical Education in Singapore. Asian
Journal of Youth Sport, 1(1), 43–50.
Haile, L., Gallagher, M., & Robertson, R.J. 2015. Perceived Exertion Laboratory Manual.
From Standard Practice to Contemporary Application. Springer: New York.
Robertson, R. J. 2004. Perceived Exertion for Practitioners: Rating Effort with the OMNI
Picture System. Human Kinetics: United States of America
Robertson,R. J., Goss, F.L., Boer, N.,Gallagher, J.D.,Thompkins,T., Bufalino,K.,
Balasekaran,G., MeCkes, C., Pintar, J., & Williams, A.. (2001). Omni Scale Perceived
Exertion at Ventilatory Breakpoint in Children: Response Normalized. Medicine and
Science in Sport and Exercise, 33(11), 1946–1952.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

SPORT TOURIST’S EXPERIENCE-BASED NOSTALGIA AND
REVISIT INTENTION TO THE STADIUM

Kosuke Takata1 and Kirstin Hallmann2 Page | 41
1, 2Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne

[email protected]

Introduction
Sport teams have played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Even

though sport event organisers have faced difficulties under the restrictions, sport fans are
returning to their stadium in several countries such as Japan. The lack of their everyday life
triggered nostalgic feelings toward the sport, which has encouraged them to go back to the
stadium. However, past studies have scarcely observed the relationship of nostalgia
dimensions with the revisit intention to the stadium. Thus, this study aimed to investigate
how nostalgic feelings of spectator sports influence the revisit intention to the stadium and
what dimensions of nostalgia are perceived differently between attending and non-attending
fans during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Literature review
The conceptual model of nostalgia in sport tourism (Cho et al., 2014) categorised

sporting nostalgia into two realms; experience-based and identity-based nostalgia.
Considering that the pandemic limited fan’s experience in the stadium, this study focused on
the experience-based nostalgia evoked by positive memories from past sporting experiences.
Moreover, the affective-behavioural relationship in the Cognitive-Affective-Behavioural
model (Pachankis, 2007) supported the hypothesis that the sport fan’s nostalgia affects the
revisit intention to the stadium.

Method
At the end of December 2020, we conducted an online survey in Japan for football

and baseball fans (n = 560) who have attended a match in last five years. The questionnaire
included 13 items from the Nostalgia Scale for Sport Tourist (Cho et al., 2017), two items of
revisit intention (Kim et al., 2013), match attendance under the COVID-19 restrictions in
2020, and the participant’s demographics.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis verified the measurement structure with three

dimensions of experience-based nostalgia (i.e., nostalgia as sport team, environment, and
socialisation) and the revisit intention to the stadium (χ2 (84) = 341.189, p ≤ .001; χ2/df =
4.06; RMSEA = .074; SRMR = .055; CFI = .958). The structural equation modelling analysis
revealed that only the factor of ‘nostalgia as sport team’ has a significant effect on the revisit
intention (β = .370, p < .001). After that, using fan’s match attendance under the restrictions
in 2020, we divided the sample into two groups; the ‘attending fans’ who have watched a
match in the stadium in 2020 (n = 127); and the ‘non-attending fans’ who have never attended
in 2020 (n = 433). Next, we confirmed the metric invariance of the measurement in the two
groups. The multigroup analysis also showed that the influence of ‘nostalgia as sport team’
for the attending fans (γ = .829, p ≤ .001) is significantly stronger than that for non-attending
fans (γ = .330, p ≤ .001).

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

Discussion

The results of this study imply that sport fans are encouraged to return to the stadium

by nostalgia feelings, not of the venue and the socialised community but the sport teams

themselves. Sport event organisers and team marketers should enhance the nostalgic

atmosphere around their players and coaches on re-building the team-fan relationship in the

“with corona” period. Page | 42

References

Cho, H., Lee, H. W., Moore, D. W., Norman, W. C., & Ramshaw, G. (2017). A Multilevel
Approach to Scale Development in Sport Tourist Nostalgia. Journal of Travel
Research, 56(8), 1094–1106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516683834

Cho, H., Ramshaw, G., & Norman, W. C. (2014). A conceptual model for nostalgia in the
context of sport tourism: re-classifying the sporting past. Journal of Sport & Tourism,
19(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2015.1033444

Kim, T. H., Ko, Y. J., & Park, C. M. (2013). The influence of event quality on revisit
intention: Gender difference and segmentation strategy. Managing Service Quality,
23(3), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604521311312237

Pachankis, J. E. (2007). The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-
affective-behavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 328–345.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON PARENTS’ OUTDOOR LEISURE Page | 43
PARTICIPATION WITH CHILDREN: A COMPARISON OF
JAPANESE AND THAI PARENTS

An Uesugi1 and Rei Yamahita2
1Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand

[email protected]
2Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan

Introduction
This study targeted parents who have children aged between 3 and 11 years old to

explore the factors affecting parents’ outdoor leisure participation in two countries; Thailand
and Japan. This study uses comparative analysis to understand the current state of Thai and
Japanese families’ outdoor leisure participation.

Literature review
Over the past few years, all the countries of the world have been working toward the

achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), and tourism is expected to make a
significant contribution not only to economic aspects but also to social and environmental
aspects (United Nations World Tourism Organization, n.d.). In Japan, as a solution to disperse
the tourists’ concentration out from the city to rural areas, outdoor leisure and recreation
development utilizing the abundant natural resources in rural areas are being pursued (Japan
Sports Agency, 2018). At the same time, it is crucial to develop valuable and finite natural
resources sustainability. Some previous research clarified that one of the most critical
influences in promoting environmental awareness and concern is childhood outdoor
experiences (e.g., Halpenny, 2006; Larson et al., 2011). UNESCO also appeals that Education
for Sustainable Development (ESD) must begin from birth and not only through pre-primary
school setting, but also in the home and broader community. To create these society, it is
doubtful to have parents’ support. Parents’ awareness must be paid more attention since they
play an essential role to create (Ishizaki, 2009). First, it is necessary to understand the current
state of parents’ awareness of SDGs/ESD and their outdoor leisure participation with their
children.

Method
A web-based cross-cultural survey study was conducted to obtain responses from

parents who have children aged between 3 and 11. Japanese samples whose residential status
is in Hokkaido prefecture were recruited from Japanese large-sized online panel companies.
Thai samples were collected using “Google Form” from pre-school in Nakhon Pathom
province. In total, 193 Japanese and 195 Thai parents provided useable data.

Results
Based on the result, Japanese parents joined outdoor leisure activities with their

children more than Thai parents. However, t-test indicated that Japanese parents were more
constrained (intrapersonal: Mean = 2.30, S.D. = 0.87, interpersonal: Mean = 2.46, S.D. = 0.83
structural: Mean = 2.58, S.D. = 0.75) to outdoor recreation with their children more than Thai
parents (intrapersonal: Mean = 1.71, S.D. = 0.64, interpersonal: Mean = 2.20, S.D. = 0.82
structural: Mean = 2.33, S.D. = 0.78). The frequency of outdoor leisure participation had a
relationship with constraints. Moreover, it is revealed that parents’ awareness of SDGs and
ESD affected the frequency of outdoor leisure participation.

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

Discussion

Some researchers suggested that an educational program in a natural area can be an

enjoyable leisure content (e.g., Barrett & Mowen, 2014; He & Hinch, 2021). This study tries

to show practical implications by understanding the current status of parents’ outdoor leisure

participation with children to encourage family with children to join outdoor educational

programs in a tourism context. Page | 44

References

Barrett, A., & Mowen, A. J. (2014). Assessing the effectiveness of artistic place-based
climate change interpretation. Journal of Interpretation Research, 19(2), 7–24.

Halpenny, E. A. (2006). Environmental Behaviour, Place Attachment and Park Visitation: A
case study of visitors to Point Pelee National Park. UWSpace.

He, M., & Hinch, T. (2021). Climate Change Interpretation and the Leisure Experience of
Participants on a Commercial Tour. Leisure/Loisir, 1-26.
Japan Sport Agency (2018). Outdoor Sports Promotion Declaration. Retrieved from
https://www.mext.go.jp/sports/en/b_menu/policy/economy/outdoorspd.htm

Larson, L. R., Whiting, J. W., & Green, G. T. (2011). Exploring the influence of outdoor
recreation participation on pro-environmental behavior in a demographically diverse
population. Local Environment, 16(1), 67-86.

United Nations World Tourism Organization (n.d.). Our Focus. Sustainable development.
Retrieved July 20, 2021, from https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021 Page | 45

THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE 2019 RUGBY WORLD CUP:
FOCUSING ON A COMMUNITY HOSTING THE OFFICIAL TEAM

CAMPS

Yukako Wada
Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University

[email protected]
Naoki Toyota

Health and Sports Science Center
Kyushu Sangyo University
Hirotaka Matsuoka

Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University

A pre-games training camp is an organized period in which athletes and sports teams
stay and train at a particular place for coming games. The 2019 Rugby World Cup
(2019RWC) was held in 2019, and the “official team camps (official camps)” of the
2019RWC, which were the pre-games training camps of participating teams, were also hosted
all over Japan. The number of communities hosting games was 12, while communities
hosting official camps totaled 55. Although the game was scheduled for just one day, each
team stayed 9.8 days on average within a community for the official camps during the Rugby
World Cup in 2015 (World Cup 2019 Organising Committee, n.d.). Thus, hosting official
camps could be regarded as opportunities to influence social benefits such as economic
growth and cultural development within a community.

Researchers have focused on mega sporting events and measured their leverages,
social impact, and legacies (Chalip, 2006; Sant, Mason, & Hinch., 2013; Preuss, 2015).
However, there are limited studies that focused on sport training camps, including pre-games
training camps. Municipalities were required to prepare high-quality facilities in line with
strict criteria to host official camps. As these preparations and to host official camps are
covered by taxes, it is important to examine how residents evaluate the effect of hosting the
official camp in their city. The definition of legacies implies very long-term effects, while
short-term impulse such as economic impacts of mega sporting events are not considered
legacy (Preuss, 2007). Given that impacts are the changes following actions (Preuss, 2007,
2015), the concept of impact could be appropriate to evaluate the effects of hosting the
official camp within a host city, one year since the 2019RWC concluded. Therefore, the
purpose of this study was to illustrate the impact of hosting official camps in the community
based on residents’ perceptions. In particular, this study examined the influence of the
positive and negative impacts on the evaluation of hosting official camps (Evaluation) and
expectation to host future sport training camps within a community (Expectation).

The positive and negative impacts of hosting official camps included eight factors
with 28 items. (Kim & Petrick, 2005; Oshimi, Harada, & Fukuhara, 2016). City A was chosen
for data collection. An online survey was conducted through an internet research company
from November 20–24, 2020. Total valid samples were 287/287 (100%). The validity of the
measures was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Amos 26.

The fit index of the scale was acceptable, but several factor loadings were lower
than .707 (Fornell & Larcker, 1981). After having rejected four items, the result of CFA
showed that with acceptable discriminant validity, convergent validity, and reliability
estimates. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that positive impacts influencing
Evaluation were Image (p < .001) and Culture (p < .05), while no negative impacts

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

influenced it. The results also suggested no paths that directly influenced Expectation, but
Evaluation positively influenced Expectation (p < .001). More specific findings and their
academic and practical implications will be presented.

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K13893

Page | 46

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

TOURISM FOR WELLNESS

Suvimol Tangsujjapoj
Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University, Thailand

[email protected]
Page | 47

According to the agreement among world leaders at the United Nations on a universal
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development committed all countries to pursue a set of 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that would lead to a better future for all. At the 17
SDGs and the corresponding 169 SDG targets offer the world a new direction, tourism is able
to play a significant role in delivering sustainable solution for people in good health and well-
being. The purpose of this concept paper is to identify the role of tourism to the wellness.

Tourism is the second highest world category in export earnings in 2018, representing
10.4 % of world gross domestic product (GDP), 30 % of services exports and 1 out of every
10 jobs in the world. Tourism is a tool of social and economic development. It is increasingly
becoming associated with quality of life issues as it offer people the opportunity to take a
break away from the complexities and stresses of everyday life and work–it provides the
context for rest, relaxation and an opportunity to do something different. This increasing is
being associated with notions of well-being and how holidays assist with relaxation,
recuperation and personal goals outside of work. Health and well-being have steadily become
essential factors shaping all areas of people’s lives and have also increasingly influenced
patterns of consumption and production. Wellness tourism focuses on the promotion of health
and well-being and where a balance and holistic integration of multiple health dimension,
active self-responsibility, healthy lifestyle, subjectivity and actualization of human potential
play major roles (Voight & Pforr, 2014). Meanwhile the degree of health (literacy) affects
seven dimension of wellness including physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual,
environment, and occupational (Tapps & Wells, 2019). Wellness tourism is travel for the
purpose of promote health and well-being through physical, psychological, or spiritual
activities. The wellness tourism market is divided travellers into two types (The Global
Wellness Institute, 2020): - 1) primary wellness travellers–those who are primary motivated
by wellness to take a trip; and 2) secondary wellness travellers–those who want to maintain
wellness or participate in wellness activities during any kind of travel. Wellness tourism is all
travel associated with the present of maintaining or enhancing one’s personal well-being.
Travel and tourism can shift our perspective on life and change the course of our knowledge,
values, attitudes, and behaviors.

Keywords: tourism, wellness

INTRODUCTION
According to the agreement among world leaders at the United Nations (2015) on a

universal 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development committed all countries to pursue a set
of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that would lead to a better future for all. At the
17 SDGs and the corresponding 169 SDG targets offer the world a new direction, tourism is
able to play a significant role in delivering sustainable solution for people in good health and
well-being.

Tourism is the second highest world category in export earnings in 2018, representing
10.4 % of world gross domestic product (GDP), 30 % of services exports and 1 out of every
10 jobs in the world (UNWTO, 2019). Tourism has the potential for contribute to the targets

16tAsian Association for Sport Management Conference 19-20 August 2021

in goals 8 (inclusive and sustainable economic growth), 12 (sustainable consumption and
productions) and 14 (the sustainable use of oceans and marine resources) (Tourism for SDGs,
2020). As the same time, the SDGs work in the spirit of partnership and pragmatism to make
the appropriate and right choice to improve life, in a sustainable way for future generation. In
addition, tourism’s potential to a better future for all is the central message of World Tourism
Day 2019. Tourism transforms lives. It is not only an occasional activity, but also on going Page | 48
connection to the world. The purpose of this concept paper is to identify the role of tourism to
the wellness.

TOURISM
Tourism is a discretionary activity. It has an important role not only in our lives but

also globally. Tourism is a tool of social and economic development. It is increasingly
becoming associated with quality of life issues as it offer people the opportunity to take a
break away from the complexities and stresses of everyday life and work–it provides the
context for rest, relaxation and an opportunity to do something different. This increasing is
being associated with notions of well-being and how holidays assist with relaxation,
recuperation and personal goals outside of work (Page, 2015). Tourism takes place in both
natural and human environmental, and consequently each tourist inevitably is the cause of
some form of impacts (Robinson et al., 2013). There are various classifications of impacts,
but the most commonly used categories are economic, socio-cultural and environmental
impacts (Robinson et al., 2013). See figure 1.

Economic
Impacts

Sicio-cultural Environmental
Impacts Impacts

Figure 1 Interrelationship of Tourism Impacts
Source: Robinson et al., 2013, p. 418

Since the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) published
“Our Common Future”, a milestone in terms of the world’s development (WCED, 1987).
Sustainable development became a key issue in all parts of our daily lives, and tourism
(Robinson et al., 2013: 440). Sustainable development is the development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
need. It is under 5Ps principles, including people, planet, prosperity, place, and partnership
(UNESCO, 2015). Key competencies for sustainable (Rieckman, 2012) were: -
1. System thinking competency,
2. Anticipatory competency,
3. Normative competency,
4. Strategic competency,
5. Collaboration competency,
6. Critical thinking competency,