Weapon A Visual History of Arms and Armor

Rear sight Trigger

Fore sight

Barrel Cocking
made from handle
gas pipe

EOKA shotPistol date 1950s Break-open
hinge
EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston— origin cyprus
National Organization of Cypriot Fighters) fought a Pistol grip
guerrilla campaign against British colonial rule on weight 2¾ lb (1.25 kg)
the Mediterranean island of Cyprus from 1955 until
1959. During that time, small numbers of crude guns barrel 4¼ in (11 cm)
were fashioned. This all-metal gun has a simple
break-open action. It fires a shotgun cartridge by caliber 12-bore
means of a spring-loaded plunger.

Magazine port Magazine release catch Square-section
receiver

Safety catch Trigger Pistol grip
34-round box
magazine from 349
Sterling SMG

full view

loyalist submachine gun date 1970s
origin uk
Modeled on the World War II-vintage Sten gun, this weight 5¾ lb (2.6 kg)
homemade machine pistol was produced by loyalist barrel 7¾ in (20 cm)
paramilitaries in Northern Ireland. The barrel shroud caliber 9 mm
and receiver have been fashioned from square-
framed tubing, while the magazine appears to be
that of an L2 Sterling SMG, as issued to British
troops stationed in Northern Ireland at that time.

1900 — 2006 4 88–89 european jousting helms, barbutes, and sallets 4 168–169 european tournament helmets

4 86–87 european helmets and basinets

the modern world helmets having been largely abandoned by European armies in the
from 1900 1680s, metal helmets made a swift comeback amid the carnage of
World War I. Although all combatants started that conflict wearing
Helmet composed cloth or leather headgear, in 1915 they began adopting steel helmets
of leather plates to reduce casualties suffered through head wounds, especially from
shrapnel. Broadly speaking, the same types of helmet developed
during World War I served, with modifications, up to the 1980s,
when all body armor was revolutionized by the introduction of

synthetic Kevlar as a lightweight substitute for steel.

Plates riveted
together

Leather strap
secures plate
to helmet

“Coal scuttle”
shape protects
neck

Visor protects
against flying
metal

Eye-slits allow
only limited
vision

World War i tank crew helmet
When the British introduced tanks to
the battlefield in 1916, they quickly
found that the vehicles’ armor gave
inadequate protection to the tank crew
inside. When bullets struck the armor,
shards of metal flew off the inside of
the hull. After early casualties, tank
crews were issued with helmets and
visors to protect their heads and faces.

date c.1916
origin uk
weight mask ¾lb (0.29kg)

Mail mouth guard

350

“Soup bowl’ british brodie helmet
shape
Designed by John L. Brodie, the “tin
Model 1916 Brow plate hat” was first used by the British army
helmet (Stirnpanzer) in September 1915. Made of hardened
manganese steel, it was cheap to
Ventilation lug produce but offered little protection
for the neck or lower head. Brodie-
Wide brim pattern helmets continued in use with
British and Commonwealth forces
throughout World War II.

date 1939

origin uk

weight 2½lb (1.6kg)

Steel skull plate us aircrew helmet
covered with
green cloth Steel flak helmets were adopted by
US bomber crews in response to heavy
Steel ear flap casualties sustained on daylight raids
over Germany in World War II. Colonel
Malcolm C. Grow developed this M4
helmet when the 1944-issue M3
proved too bulky to wear in the gun
turrets of bombers. He also developed
light body armor, called “flak suits.”

date c.1944

origin usa

weight 9½lb (4.28kg)

Helmet net us M1 helmet

Peak of helmet The US Army’s M1 helmet was first
used in combat in 1942. It consisted
Narrow brim of an outer steel shell with a flimsier
liner inside. The shell could be
Helmet made of separated from the liner to serve as
lightweight material anything from a shovel to a latrine.
Cotton DPM Evolved forms of the M1 remained in
cover use with the US Army until the 1980s.

Chincup date 1940s

origin usa

weight 2¼lb (0.99kg)

german helmet with brow plate date 1916 north vietnamese helmet

Having entered World War I in spiked leather Pickelhaube origin germany During the Vietnam War, the soldiers
helmets, the German army adopted the steel Stahlhelm in 1916. of the North Vietnamese Army wore
Soldiers believed to be at special risk, such as machine-gunners, weight 1.95kg (4¼lb) varieties of headgear, including this
were also issued with the Stirnpanzer, a 4mm (¼in) thick steel kind of sun helmet, or pith helmet.
plate to protect the front of the head. Since these plates weighed Such helmets were made of pressed
around 4kg (9lb), they were donned for short periods only. paper or, less often, of plastic. Not
surprisingly, they offered no protection
against the firepower of US and South
Vietnamese weapons.

date c.1970

origin north vietnam

weight 1lb (0.5kg)

UN soldiers in Mogadishu, somalia british kevlar helmet 351

United Nations peacekeeping forces are often referred to as the Until the 1980s, British Army soldiers
“blue helmets” because of their distinctively coloured headgear. continued to wear Brodie-pattern steel
These helmets thus perform a dual function, offering the soldier helmets, similar in style to those worn
protection but also identifying him clearly as a peacekeeper. in the two World Wars. These were
replaced by helmets made of Kevlar –
a synthetic material that, weight-for-
weight, is stronger than steel, and is
also heat-resistant. The shape of the
new helmet also provides protection
to more of the head. The helmet is
often covered with DPM (Disruptive
Pattern Material) for camouflage.

date 1990

origin uk

weight 3lb (1.36kg)

crowd control

Bolivian riot policemen
shoot rubber bullets during a
strike in downtown La Paz, 2004.
These are often used to aid crowd control
because although they can pierce the skin, they do
not cause permanent injury unless fired at short range.



index

354 Page numbers in bold indicate thumb ring, 147 musket design, 233 Bazooka antitank rifle, 341 breech-loader rifle, 248-9
main references Argive (shield), 27-8 pistol, 295 Beaumont, FBE, 223 breech-loading carbines, 240-1
Arisaka rifle, 259 repeater rifle, 258 Belgium, Browning pistol, 292 Breitenfeld, Battle of, 100-1
3-Line rifle, 258 bullet, 338 Austrian Succession,War of dueling/target pistol, 216 Bren machine gun, 329
92FS Beretta pistol, 294 armet (helmet), 23, 169 machine gun, 330 Britain, Battle of, 277
arming cap, 23 the, 99 pistol, 163, 292 Bronze Age weapons, 48-9
A armor, Asian, 170-1 Austro-Prussian War, 177 rifle production, 19, 308 Royal Air Force, 277
Assyrian scale, 33 automatic weapons, 308-9, 313 submachine gun, 337 Tower of London Armoury,
Acre, 59 crocodile skin, 34 see also machine gun and Bemis Heights, assault on, 176
Adams, Gen. DW, 185 Crusades, 59 Bénét, Col. SV, 267 149
Adams, Robert, 222 Egyptian, 34 submachine gun Benin, sword design, 282-3 war with China, 176
Admiralty Islands, 203 European plate, 94-5 aventail, mail, 23, 87, 93, 268 Beretta, pistol, 293 British Army, 95th (Rifle)
Adophus, Gustavus, 100 European tournament, 166-9 ax, African club, 199 shotgun, 313
Adowa, Battle of, 179 Frankish, 9, 50-1 battle, 9, 26, 37, 59, 74, 196-7 Bergmann,Theodore, 229 Regiment, 234
Afghanistan, guerrilla warfare, garniture, 166 Bronze Age, 9, 49 Bergmann submachine gun, 21, in American War of
gauntlet, 23, 95, 167 carbine, 159
279, 307, 347 German, 22, 88, 89, 91 ceremonial, 37 333 Independence, 176
Africa, edged weapons, glossary, 23 combination weapon, 158 Besa machine gun, 324 antitank weapon, 21
Greek, 40-1, 42 Congolese, 198 besagew (shield), 91 bayonets, 194-5, 284
11, 198-9, 280-3 Indian (Sikh), 268-9 Egyptian, 9, 34 Besserm process, 177 cavalry, 149, 181, 182
North African saif, 187 Japanese, 22, 127, 172-3 Frankish, 51 bevor, 23, 87, 94, 168 concentration camps, 179
shields, 270-1 Kevlar, 23, 351 Indian, 74 bhuj (axe), 196 Enfield rifle, 250
Afzal Khan, 100 knightly, 91 Iron Age, 49 Bhutan, dagger, 135 fighting knife, 285
AG36, grenade launcher, 334 mail, 22, 52, 87, 91, 92-3, 94, lochaber, 13 bich’hwa (dagger), 100, 135, 193 grenade, 342
Agincourt, Battle of, 8, 59, 60, long-handled, 73 bill (staff weapon), 12, 140 Kevlar, 351
170, 268 Mesopotamian, 26 Birmingham Small Arms, 340 machine gun, 20, 323, 324,
78, 208 Mongolian, 76 pole arms, 13, 72 Bismark, Chancellor, 178-9
AGS-17 Plamya grenade Navy SEAL, 347 saddle, 142 Blenheim, Battle of, 99, 101 329, 331
overview, 22-3 short, 73 Blooper grenade launcher, 344 in Napoleonic Wars, 177
launcher, 344 pauldrons, 95 stone, 30-1 blowback, 15, 17 pistol, 292
aikuchi (sword), 66 Roman, 22, 28, 44, 46 tabar, 197 bluing, on rifle barrels, 237 Redcoat infantry, 242-3
aircraft, fighter, 277 samurai, 22, 127, 172-3 throwing, 9, 51 blunderbuss, 15, 212, 247 revolver, 223, 297
jet, 276 Spanish, 84-5 tomahawk, 9, 205 Boer, Battle of, 177 rifle, 234-5, 249, 257, 265, 300,
airship, 277 Viking, 22 tongi, 196 Boer War, 179, 228, 254, 300
AK47, grenade launcher, 343 army, drilling, 99 Viking, 52-3, 73 Bolivia, rubber bullet use, 352-3 313, 321
machine gun, 278, 306-7, 331 size of, 99, 101 ayudha katti sword, 129 bolt, crossbow, 78, 80 shrapnel shells, 176
AK74, machine gun, 331 Arnold, Benedict, 176 Aztec, Spanish defeat of, 84-5, 99 bolt-action, mechanism, 19 sniper rifle, 320
Albuera, Battle of, 242 arquebus, matchlock, 61, 108, weapons and shields, 82-3 rifle, 245, 313 submachine gun, 333
Alexander the Great, 12, 27, bomb, atomic, 277, 278 World War I helmets, 350-1
150-1 B Mills, 342 Zulu Wars, 200
28, 42 at Pavia, 98, 138 nuclear, 278 British East India Company, 129,
Algeria, French campaigns in, 176 arrow, Aztec, 99 Baghdad, 279 smart, 279
Alison of Dundee, 153 flint, 31, 35 Baker, Ezikiel, 215, 234 bombing raids, 277-8 190, 197, 215, 269
al-Qaeda, 347 head, 35, 79, 147 Baker rifle, 234-5 boomerang, 9, 210 British Royal Navy, cutlass, 182
Ameli machine gun, 331 Japanese, 8 Balaclava, Battle of, 177, 178 Borchardt, Hugo, 228, 253 volley gun, 265
American Civil War, 177, 178, longbow, 79 ball, musket/rifle, 14, 150, 266 Borchardt pistol, 19 broadsword, 104, 108
Sudanese, 199 ballack dagger/knife, 69, 131 Borodino, Battle of, 177 Brodie, John L, 351
220-1 see also bow Baltic lock (rifle), 153 Boru, Brian, 58 Bronze Age, 26, 48-9
swords, 184-5 artillery, development of, 98-9 bandenhelm (helmet), 23 Bourgeoys, Marin le, 162 Brown Bess (musket), 99, 149,
American War of Independence, field, 101 bandhelm (helmet), 23 Bouvines, Battle of, 93
gunner’s stiletto, 133 Barbarossa, Frederick, 58 bow, Asian, 146-7 153, 233, 243
107, 176-7, 205, 233, 243 horse, 99 barbute, Corinthian, 89 Assyrian, 8, 33 Browning, John Moses, 19, 229,
ammunition, bullet lubrication, 266 Napoleonic Wars, 230 bardiche, 12, 13, 72, 141 backed, 208
bullet shape, 226, 338-9 Redcoat training for, 242 barding (horse armour), 23 bullet, 144 290, 304, 312, 313, 315, 323,
cartridge, 16-7, 101, 235, 243, siege, 100 barrel, cooling, 322, 328 Chinese, 146 324, 328
World War I, 276-7 insulation, 333 composite, 8, 26, 33, 35, 76, Browning, Automatic Rifle, 304,
250-1, 266-7, 307, 338-9 Asian, armies, 100 Barrett, Ronnie, 321 328
invention, 17 armor, 170-1 Barrett sniper rifle, 321 146-7 machine gun, 20, 229, 323
development of, 16-17 bow and arrow, 146-7 baselard, 64, 68 crossbow, 8, 59, 78-81, 108, Bull Run, Battle of, 178, 220
expanding bullet, 236, 250, helmet, 23 basinet, European, 23, 86-7, 93 Bulldog revolver, 299
musket, 156-7 Bayeux Tapestry, 59, 73 144-5, 146 bullet, expanding, 178, 236, 250
266 rifles, 260, 262-3 bayonet, 20th century, 284-5, 311 Egyptian, 35, 38-9 invention, 17
hollow-point, 19 staff weapons, 74-5 American, 194-5 fingering, 208 jacketed, 259
jacketed bullet, 259 Assam, sword-ax, 9 Baker, 235, 243 from horseback, 26, 76 lubrication, 266
Luger “Parabellum,” 291 assassins, 131 British 1907 pattern, 284 Indian, 8 Minié, 220
Magnum, 298 assault rifles, 306-7, 310-11, 331 Brown Bess, 243 Japanese, 146 mould, 226
MP5 submachine gun, 334 Assyria, archery, 8, 27, 33 charge, 194 laminated, 146 NATO standard, 311
musket/rifle ball, 14, 150, 266 armor, 33 Chassepot, 11 longbow, 8, 78-9 rubber, 352
percussion cap, 226, 236, 266 rise and fall, 26-7 Elcho, 195 Mongol, 76 shape, 178, 226, 338-9
primer, 19 Astra pistol, 290 Enfield, 250, 284 North American, 27, 208-9 bullet gun, continuous, 100
SS109, 311 Athens, 42 European, 194-5 recurved, 76 bullpup, definition, 15
amphibious craft, 278 Augsburg, Peace of, 98 German, 284, 285 samurai, 8, 126 rifles, 21, 311, 320, 330
Anaconda revolver, 299 Augustus, Emperor, 45 introduction of, 101 shortbow, 59 shotgun, 315
Anglo-Boer war, 254 Aurangzeb, Emperor, 99, 170 musket, 233 stone, 144 bunker buster, 21
Anglo-Saxon, weapons and Austerlitz, Battle of, 176, 177 origin, 130 thumb ring, 147 Bureau, Jean, 61
Australia, boomerang, 9, 210 plug, 101, 133 box-lock, 15 burgonet (helmet), 169
armor, 50-1 shields, 211 socket developed, 99 Boyle, Gamble & McFee, 185 Burton, James, 236
angon (spear), 50 Austria, flintlock, 161 sword, 242, 243 Boys antitank rifle, 340 byrnie mail, 92
ankus, 143, 196 hunting sword, 105 trowel, 195 break-open rifle, 244 Byzantium, 29
antitank weapons, 340-1 breastplate, 167
Arab, dagger, 11 C
Arabia, rise of army, 29
Arawe (shield), 273 C/93 Borchardt pistol, 19
archery, glossary, 9 C/96 Mauser pistol, 19, 228
Cadell,Thomas, 162

Cadet Rifle L98, 311 China (cont.) dag (pistol), 160-1 E flintlock, blunderbuss, (cont.) 355
Cadet sword, 183 matchlock wall gun, 262 dagger, African, 280 long gun, 148-9
camouflage, helmet, 351 Opium War, 176 Asian, 134-5 Echeverria, pistol manufacture, mechanism, 15
Cannae, 29 rifle manufacture, 301 ballock, 69 292 muskets, 101, 149, 232-3
cannon, hand-, 14 swords, 66-7, 77, 188-9 bich’hwa, 100, 135, 193 pistols, 160-3, 212-15, 246,
introduction of, 14, 61 terracotta army, 29 Celtic, 48 Ecuador, machete, 11
Portuguese, 100 chivalry, code of, 90 combination weapon, 158 Edgehill, Battle of, 148 261
caracole, cavalry tactic, 101 Churchill,Winston, 228 Cossack, 187 Edward I, 59 repeating, 153, 264
carbine, bayonet, 194 citron foug grenade, 289 dirk, 131 Egypt, armor, 34-5 shotgun, 155
blunderbuss, 247 claymore, 102 dudgeon, 131 arrows, 35 Swedish, 152
capping breech-loader, 240-5 cleaver, club, 9 Egyptian, 36 axe, 9, 34, 37 Flobert, Louis, 17
Chassepot, 178, 194, 241, 267 hunting, 118 European, 68-9, 130-3 bow, 33, 38 flyssa (knife), 280
definition, 15 Clontarf,Viking defeat, 58 flint, 30-1 chariots, 26, 38 FN, FAL rifle, 308
dog-lock, 159 club, Aztec, 83 gauche, 11 dagger, 36 Minimi machine gun, 330
flintlock, 148 composite, 9 gunner’s stiletto, 133 mace, 12, 137 P90 submachine gun, 20, 337
Greene, 241 goedendag, 13 Highland dirk, 131 shield, 35 Folville, 216
light dragon flintlock, 149 knobkerrie, 9 Indian, 100, 192-3 spear, 35 Forsyth, Alexander, 16, 216
M1 (Garand), 21, 285, 304-5 Melanesian, 202 Iron Age, 49 sword, 36 fortification, 100
Mau-Mau, 348 North American, 204-5 jambiya, 11 Tutankhamen, 35, 36, 38-9 Fosbery, Col. George, 229
Mauser KAR98K, 301 Oceanian, 202 Japanese, 127 Elcho, Lord, 195 France, Algerian campaigns, 176
Monkey Tail, 241, 266 patuki, 203 kard, 134 elephant goad, 143, 196 artillery, 177
pill-lock, 263 throwing, 9, 210 Kasai, 282 Enfield, revolver, 339 bayonet, 101, 194
rifle, 301 Tongan, 202 katar, 11, 134 rifle, 237, 267, 300-1, 339 Berthier rifle, 300-1
Sharps, 16, 240 whalebone, 9 kris, 11 Royal Ordnance Factory, 19 carbine, 241
Terry, 241 wood, 13 maingauche, 130 England, flintlock, 161 cavalry, 72, 93
cartridge ammunition, 16-7, 101, coastguard, pistol, 217 Medieval, 11 holster pistol, 162-3 civil war, 99
Cobra revolver, 299 Mesopotamian, 32 matchlock, 150-1 conquers Dahomey, 199
235, 243, 250-1, 266-7, 307, coif, 92 Mongolian, 77 Normans conquer, 58, 59 Franco-Prussian War, 177, 178
Cold War, 278 Nepalese, 192-3 English Civil War, 99, 107, 148 German invasion, 277
338-9 Colt, Samuel, 16, 218, 222, 226, Oceanean, 203 English longbow, 79 gunnery schools, 101
Castillon, Battle of, 59, 61 piha kaetta, 135 eoka pistol, 348, 349 hunting sword, 117
sword, 63 245, 264 quillon, 68, 69, 91, 133 estoc, 11 knights, 138
castle, Norman building, 59 Colt, pistols, 18, 290, 292 rondel, 69 Ethiopia, defeats Italy, 179 Landsknecht, 102, 108-9, 114
catephract (Roman cavalry), 22 revolvers, 16, 18-19, 218-19, stiletto, 131, 133 shield, 271 machine gun, 20, 325
cavalry, armor, 22-3 Sumerian, 32 tribal warfare, 198 musket, 233
Assyrian, 27 224-5, 226-7, 296-7, 299 sword, 131 European, bayonets, 194-5 pistol designs, 215, 216
British Army, 149, 181, 182 revolving rifles, 16, 245, 252-3 sword-breaker, 11, 132 dagger, 68-9, 130-3 Revolution, 176, 177, 179, 180
Celtic, 49 combination weapons, 158-9 Dahomey, axe design, 199 helms and basinets, 86-7 rifle designs, 237, 259, 300-1
charge, 60, 220, 230 Cominazzo, Lazarino, 152 daisho, sword combination, 121 hunting guns, 152-5 shotgun, 244
Chinese, 188 commando, 346-7 Damascus, sword manufacture, 11 imperialism, 179 submachine-gun, 336
Companions, 28 communications, telegraph, 176 Dame, 313 jousting armor, 88-9 sword, 181, 182-3
defeated, 242 concealed weapon, 299 dao (sword), 9, 77, 188, 191 mail armor, 92-3 tournament helmets, 168-9
Dragoon pistol, 219, 224 concentration camps, 179 David, King of Scotland, 59 pistols, 160-3, 212-17 WWI infantry, 288-9
flintlock use, 149 Concord, Battle of, 176, 243 de Vauban, Sébastien plate armor, 94-5 Franci SPAS shotgun, 314
halberd used against, 13 Congo, dagger/knife designs, rapier, 110-11 francisca (axe), 9
hammer, 12, 136 Le Pestre, 99 staff weapons, 72-3, 136-7, François I, 98, 99, 108, 114, 138
Lechfeld, Battle of, 58 282-3 Deane, John, 223 Frankish, dagger, 11
Light Brigade, 177 Congreve,William, 176 Degtyarev machine-gun, 329 140-1 rise of kingdom, 29
Mongol, 59 conquistadors, 84 Deringer, Henry, 224 sword, 48-51, 62-5, 102-7, weapons and armor, 9, 50-1
Persian, 27 coolus (helmet), 23 Derringer, pistol, 18 Frederick the Great, 99
revolvers, 224-5 Cooper, Joseph Rock, 217 Remington Double, 224 110-13, 180-3, 188-9 Fredericksburg, Battle of, 178
sabres, 180-1 Cooper brass cartridge pistol, 16 Desert Eagle pistol, 20, 295 tournament armor, 166-9 French Revolution, 176, 177,
Spanish pistol, 215 Copenhagen, Battle of, 234 Devolution,War of, 99 execution, knife, 281
sword, 11, 104-7, 180-1 corned powder, 59, 61 Dien Bien Phu, French defeat, by sword, 102-3 179, 180
tactics, 101 Cortés, 98 Friuli, siege of, 59
Celt, weapons and armor, 48-9 Courtrai, Battle of, 13, 59, 60, 72 277 F Fusil Reglementaire rifle, 237
Ceresole, Battle of, 99 cranequin, 8, 80 Dinan, assault of, 58
Cerignola, Battle of, 98 Crécy, Battle of, 8, 61, 78, 91 dirk, 131 Fabrique National of Herstal, 19 G
CETME Ameli machine gun, Crimean War, 154, 177, 178, Dolep, Andrew, 153, 163 Fairburn,William, 285
Dolstein, Paul, 109 Fairburn-Sykes fighting knife, G41 Heckler & Koch rifle, 309
331 180, 241 Doppelhänder swords, 102 Gabbett-Fairfax, Hugh, 229, 291
chakram, 269 crossbow, 8, 78-81, 108, 144-5, double barrel, flintlock, 264 285 Gafur, Haji, 187
chapeau de fer, 23 gun, 244 falchion (sword), 116 Gaillard, chateau, 59
chariot, Celtic, 48 146 Dragunov SVD sniper rifle, 319 Falkirk, 8, 60 Galili assault rifle, 309
Egyptian, 26, 34, 38-9 armour penetration, 22 Dreadnought battleship, 276 Fascism, 277 Gallienus, 29
Greek, 42 Battle of Hastings, 59 Dresden, destruction, 278 Ferara, Andrea, 104 gambeson, 92
Sumerian, 26, 32 Crusades, 58-9, 62, 70 Dreyse needle-gun, 178, 249 Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 276 Garand, John, 304, 305
Charlemagne, 29 Cuba, US occupation, 177 drilling, American War of feudal armies, 58, 60 Garand rifle, 21, 285, 304-5
Charles I, 107 cuirass, European, 23, 95 FG42 assault rifle, 325 gas, poison, 277, 286
Charles V, 99 Greek, 40 Independence, 177 fighting bracelet, 281 propellant use of, 21
Charles VIII of France, 59 Indian, 268 Greek games, 42 firanghi sword, 128 Gatling, Richard, 17
Charles the Bold, 99 Japanese, 172-3 musket, 100 firearm, mass production, 214 Gatling gun, 17, 179
Charter Arms, 299 Custer, Gen., 241 Napoleonic, 178 overview, 14-21 Gaugamela, Battle of, 28
Chassepot, Alphonse, 241, 248 cutlass, 182, 202 Redcoat, 242 range improvements, 178 gauntlet, 23, 95
Chassepot, bayonet, 11 Cyprus, improvised pistol, 348, Roman, 46 flail, with quoits, 143 locking, 167
carbine, 194, 241, 267 see also training flamberge, 109 Gempei Wars, 126
chimalli (shield), 83 349 dudgeon, 131 Flanders, 101 Genghis Khan, 58-9, 76
China, armor, 171 Czechoslovakia, German invasion, duelling, weapons, 212 flight, first powered, 276 Germany, armor, 22, 88, 89, 91
bow design, 8, 146 Dunkirk, 277 flint, 10, 15, 35 bandenhelm helmet, 23
continuous bullet gun, 100 276 Dürer, Albrecht, 102 flintlock, blunderbuss, 15 Bismarck, 178-9
crossbow, 8 machine gun production, 324, Düsack, 105 box-lock, 15 bolt action gun, 244
firearms introduced, 61 Dutch combination long gun, Brown Bess, 99, 149, 153, 233 break-open double rifle, 244
gunpowder invented, 58 329, 337 English, 153 broadsword, 108
mace, 60, 74 149 hunting guns, 154-5
D DWM, 19 invention, 15

da Vinci, Leonardo, 160
Dacian Wars, 46
Dafte, John, 212

356 Germany, armor (cont.) gunpowder, invented, 14, 17, horse, armor (cont.) Italy, armor (cont.) King revolver, 299
Bronze Age sword, 48 58, 61 artillery, 99 Beretta pistol, 293 kissaki, 11
cavalry sword, 107 bow firing from, 26, 76 cavalry carbine, 257 Kitchener, Lord, 177, 179
combination weapons, 158-9 smokeless, 254 crosssbow preparing, 80 combination weapons, 158-9 knife, African, 11, 281, 283
crossbow, 80-1 gurze (mace), 75 Hotchkiss machine gun, 20, Italian Wars, 59 American fighting, 285
double-handed swords, 102-3 maingauche (dagger), 130 Aztec, 82
halberd, 72, 141 H 324-5 Monte Varino castle destroyed, ballack, 131
hunting sword, 105, 117, Howard, Edward, 16 chalcedony, 83
Hadley, flintlock shotgun, 15 Huang Di, Emperor, 29 14 finger, 281
118-19 Hadrian’s Wall, 46 Hugo-Schmeisser, 333 pocket pistol, 214 flint, 30, 82
Luftwaffe, 277 Haida people, club, 205 Hundred Years War, 59, 60, 73 rapier, 10, 110, 111 flyssa, 280
M43 ammunition, 307 halberd, 9, 13, 59, 72, 141 hunting, cleaver, 118 stiletto, 131, 133 hunting, 119
partisan (staff weapon), 13 combination weapon, 158 crossbow, 80-1, 144 submachine gun, 332 Japanese kogatana, 125
pistol design, 294-5 training required, 59 guns, 152-5 sword, 10, 91, 116 knuckle, 11
repeater rifle, 257, 301, 305 Hall, John Hancock, 233 knife, 119 tournament helmets, 169 knuckleduster, 284
staff weapons, 140 hammer, cavalry, 12, 136 spear, 117 wheellock, 152 Larim fighting bracelet, 281
Treaty of Versailles, 323 war, 13, 73, 137 sword, 105, 116-19 North American, 204-5
tournament helmets, 169 hand-cannon, 14, 150 trousse, 118-19 J obsidian, 82
wheellock, 14, 152 handgun, automatic, 254 Hussein, Saddam, 278-9 pichangatti, 193
World War I bayonet, 284 introduction, 61 Hyksos, Egyptian warfare with, Jäger (riflemen), 177 Sudanese, 282
World War I helmets, 23, 351 hanger sword, 117 jambiya, 11 throwing, 11, 283
World War I rifles, 286 Hannibal, 28 34 Japan, Arisaka rifle, 259 trench, 284
Gettysburg, 177, 178 Harlech castle, 59 armor, 22, 172-3 World War II, 284
GEW43 rifle, 305 Harold II, King, 59 I arrow, 8 knight, armor, 86-7, 166-9
GEW98 rifle, 318 hasta (spear), 47 atom bomb used against, 277, Crusades, 58-9, 62
gladiator, armor, 45 Hastings, Battle of, 58-9 Immortals (Persian corps), 27 jousting, 58
gladius (sword), 28, 45, 181 Hattin, Battle of, 70-1 Inca, Spanish defeat of, 99 278 Knights Templar, 90
glaive (staff weapon), 12, 13, 140 haubergeon (mail), 92 incendiary launcher, matchlock, bow design, 146 lance, 12, 61, 73, 90
global warfare, 101 hauberk (mail), 23, 92, 93 firearms, 262-3 overview, 90-1
Glock pistol, 295 Heckler & Koch, machine guns, 263 helmet, 23 swords, 62-5, 90-1
goedendag (club), 13 India Mutiny, 177 incendiary launcher, 263 knobkerrie, 9
gorget, 22, 87, 94 21, 326-7, 334-5, 347 armor, 170, 268-9 magari yari, 13 Knock, Henry, 265
Goryunov SGM machine gun, pistol, 294-5 bow and arrow, 8, 147 matchlock musket, 14, 100 knuckleduster, 284
rifle, 309, 319 British East India Company, Meiji restoration, 177 knuckle knife, 11
324 helicopter, in Iraq, 279 Mongol invasion, 61 Königgrätz, Battle of, 178, 249
GP35 Browning pistol, 292 in Vietnam, 278, 316 129, 190, 197, 215, 269 naginata (staff weapon), 13, 75 kopis (sword), 129
Grand Alliance,War of, 99 helm, barbute, 89 British rule, 177 Onin Wars, 100 Korea, helmet, 171
Grant, Ulysses S, 178 close, 94 combination weapons, 158 perfect katana, 59 shotgun manufacture, 315
Grease Gun (submachine gun), European, 86-7, 94 dagger, 11, 134-5, 192-3 pistol Type 94, 292 Korean War, 277, 278
frog-mouthed, 88 early military treatise, 26 ritual suicide, 126 Kosovo Polje, Battle of, 59
336 great, 23, 86, 88-9 firearms, 260-1 sode garami, 13 Krag rifle, 18, 300
Great Northern War, 99 jousting, 23, 88-9 helmet, 23, 170, 268 swords, 11, 66-7, 120-5 bullet, 338
greaves, European, 23, 91, 95 sallet, 88, 89 mace, 75 tactics, 100, 101 Krag-Jørgensen rifle, 257
Greek, 41 helmet, Asian, 23 Mughal conquest, 99 tanto (dagger), 11 kris, 11
Japanese, 172-3 basinet, 23, 86-7, 93 parrying weapon, 193 teppo matchlock, 157 Krupps, Alfred, 178
Roman, 28 burgonet, 169 pichangatti, 193 World War II, 278 kukri (dagger), 11, 192
Greece, armor, 40-1, 42 Chinese zhou, 171 staff weapons, 74-5, 142-3, javelin, Celtic, 49 Kürsk, Battle of, 276
cavalry, 27 Coolus, 23, 45 Roman, 28 Kurtz bullet, 339
chariot, 42 Corinthian, 28, 42, 43 196-7 Jericho, 26 Kwabe, Gumpega, 201
helmet, 41, 42, 43, 89 crocodile skin, 34 swords, 10, 11, 128-9, 186, Jerusalem, in crusades, 58
hoplite infantry, 10, 12, 42-3 European tournament, 166-7, jian (sword), 188, 189 L
kopis sword, 129, 187 190-1 John the Fearless, 61
Marathon, Battle of, 26, 28, 42 168-9 torador (matchlock), 157 John of Salisbury, 91 L1A1 practice grenade, 342
pikes, 99 Frankish, 51 tulwa (saber), 10, 11 Joubert, Alfred, 289 L85 Individual Weapon, 311
spear, 40 gladiator’s, 45 Indian Mutiny, 251 jousting, 12, 13, 87, 88-9 L86 Light Support Weapon, 311,
Greener Police shotgun, 315 horned, 48 Indian Plains, Battle of, 206 armor, 23, 166
grenade, AK47, 343 Indian, 23, 170, 268 Indian Wars, 177, 184, 206, 241 Juan, Don, 98 331
anti-tank, 342 Iron Age, 48 infanteriegewehr rifle, 257 Juliard, A, 214 L96A1 sniper rifle, 321
launcher, rifle-mounted, 310, Korean, 171 infantry, antitank projector, 340 L98 Cadet Rifle, 311
pewter, 45 hoplite, 10, 12, 42-3 K Lachish, 27
334, 342-3 Red Army, 303 Japanese, 126-7 Lamberti, 214
stand-alone, 344-5 Roman, 23, 44, 45, 46 Napoleonic, 182 kabuto (helmet), 23 lance, couched adopted, 58
Mills, 342 samurai, 23, 172 Redcoat, 242-3 Kadesh, Battle of, 27 jousting, 12, 61, 73
Simonov, 342 segmented, 23 sword, 104-5, 107 Kalashnikov, Mikhail, 306 Mongol, 76
World War I French, 289 spangenhelm, 50, 51, 86 infra-red, sighting, 319 Kalashnikov, assault rifle, 278, landmines, 177
Griffin, Benjamin, 155 Viking, 23, 53 Ingram MAC-10 submachine Landsknecht, 102, 108-9, 114
Grow, Col. Malcolm C, 351 wig, 32 gun, 337 306-7, 331 Lang, Joseph, 222
guerrilla warfare, Afghanistan, World War I, 350-1 Inkerman, 178 KAR98K Mauser rifle, 301 langet, 13
Henoul, Guillaume, 161 Inuit, bow and arrow, 209 kard (dagger), 134 Larim fighting bracelet, 281
279, 307, 347 Henri II, King of France, 169 Investiture,Wars of, 58 kastane (sword), 128 laser-guided bombs, 279
American War of Henry, Benjamin Tyler, 18, 253, Iraq, US campaign, 279, 346 katana (sword), 10-11, 59, 66-7, Lateran Council, 60
Ireland, Rigby manufacturer, 313 le Bourgeois, Marin, 15
Independence, 243 312 Irian Jaya, shields, 273 121, 122-3, 127 Le Mat, Jean-Alexandre, 219
Boer War, 179 Henry VIII, 79, 167 iron, in Africa, 281 katar (dagger), 11, 134 Le Mat rifle, 253
combating, 347 Henry rifle, 253 working methods, 10, 27 Katsuie, Shibata, 120 Le Page, Henri, 238
tactics, 177 Hideyoshi,Toyotomi, 120 Iron Age, weapons and armor, Katsuyori,Takeda, 101 Le Page, Jean, 238
Vietnam, 278 Hiroshima, 277, 278 Kennedy, Pres. John F, 257, 346 Le Page, Pierre, 238
West Africa, 179 Hitler, Adolf, 276-8 48-9 Kenya, improvised carbine, 348 Le Page sport gun, 238-9
Guiscard, Robert, 58 HK33 assault rifle, 335 Isandhlwana, Battle of, 201 shield, 271 Lebel rifle, 259
Gulf War, 277 Holbein, Hans, 167 Islam, rise of, 29 Kerr, James, 222 Lechfeld, Battle of, 58
gun, Gatling, 17, 179 Holek,Vaclav, 324 Israel, Desert Eagle pistol, 20 Kevlar, 23, 351 Lee, James Paris, 19, 257
improvised, 348-9 holster, pistol, 162 Galili assault rifle, 309 khanda sword,190 Lee, Robert E., 177, 178
invention, 14 Hopi people, bow and arrow, 208 machine gun, 330 Khwarazam, empire of, 76
pellet-lock, 244 hoplite infantry, 10, 12, 42-3 pistol, 295 kilic, 11
sport, 238-9, 244-5 horse, armor, 23 submachine gun, 336 kilij, 11
sport long, 312-13 walled city, 26
gunnery schools, 101 Issus, Battle of, 28
Italy, armor, 88, 89, 94-5

Lee-Enfield rifle, 18, 300-1 Chinese, 60, 74 Mauser, Peter-Paul, 256 Mughal, armour, 22 Omdurman, Battle of, 177, 179 357
Lee-Metford rifle, 257 European, 136-7 Mauser, bolt-action rifle, 245 mujahidin, 279, 307, 347 Onin Wars, 100
Lefaucheux, Casimir, 225, 244 flanged, 12 breech-action rifle, 248-9 multi-shot weapons, 264-5 Opium War, 176
Lefaucheux, Caspar, 245 foliate, 137 Broomhandle, 228 Murten, Battle of, 108 Oswald, Lee Harvey, 257
Lefaucheux, Eugène, 225 Indian, 142 infanteriegewehr (Gewehr) 98 musket, Brown Bess, 149, 153, Otto I, 58
Lefaucheux percussion-cap Mongol, 76 Ottoman Empire, firearms, 246-7
Ottoman gurz, 75 rifle, 259, 278 233, 243 swords, 186-7
revolver, 16 spiked, 73, 142, 197 KAR98K carbine, 301 drill, 100 tactics, 61, 99-100
Leipzig, Battle of, 177 stone, 26 M71 rifle, 17 English flintlock, 148
Leopold, Emperor, 233 Turkish, 13 pistols, 290 English matchlock, 14, 153 P
Lepanto, Battle of, 98 wheellock, 158 repeater rifle, 18, 256, 258-9 flintlock, 15, 101, 148, 149,
Leuthen, Battle of, 99, 101 machete, 11 sniper rifle, 318 P’08 Luger pistol, 19, 290-1
Lewis, Col. Isaac, 329 machine-gun, AK47, 306-7, 331, UK agent, 313 232-3 P90 submachine-gun, 337
Lewis machine-gun, 20, 329 Maxim, Hiram, 20, 177 German, 14 Palestine, Knights Templar, 90
Lexington, 176, 243 343 Maxim, machine-gun, 19, 20, introduction of, 14, 98 Panipat, Battle of, 98
Loewe, Ludwig, 19 AK74, 331 Japanese, 14, 100, 157 Papua New Guinea, shields,
Lombard League, 58 ammunition, 338 177, 228, 322, 323, 324, 328 long land-pattern flintlock,
long gun, Dutch combination, Bergmann, 21 Maximilian I, Emperor, 108 272-3
in Boer War, 254 Mechem/Milkor grenade 149 parang, 11
149 definition, 17, 19 matchlock, 14-15, 108, 150-1, parrying weapons, 193
matchlock and flintlock, 148-9 first use of, 177 launcher, 345 partisan (staff weapon), 13
sporting, 312-13 gas-operated, 324-5 meda (matchlock rifle), 263 153, 156-7 Passchendaele, 277
longbow, at Agincourt, 8, 59, 208 Gatling, 17, 179 MEIJI 30 Arisaka rifle, 259 miquelet lock, 155 patuki (club), 203
development of, 8, 60, 78 heavy, 19 Melanesia, shields, 272 muzzle-loaded rifle-, 220 pauldrons, 95
early use of, 59 Hotchkiss, 20, 289, 324-5 Melsa, Sir John, 87 Ottoman tüfenk, 247 Pavia, Battle of, 98, 108, 138-9
English, 78-9 light, 308, 328-31 mempo (mask), 23 percussion-cap, 236-7 Peacemaker, 18
Lorenzoni, Michele, 153 Maxim, 19, 20, 177, 228, 322, mercenary fighters, hoplites, 42-3 revolving, 261 Pearl Harbor, 278
Louis XIV, 99, 101 Landsknecht, 102, 108-9, 114 rifling barrels, 99 pellet-lock gun, 244
Louis XVI, 177, 233 323, 324, 328 Mescalam-Dug, helmet, 32 short land-pattern flintlock, Peloponnesian Wars, 42
Luger, Georg, 19, 253, 290, 334 MG43, 326-7 Mesopotamia, 26-7, 32-3 Pembridge, Sir Richard, 86
Luger, pistol, 19, 290, 339 recoil-operated, 322-3 Metford,William, 257 149 Penobscot people, stone club, 205
Russo-Japanese War, 276 MG08 machine-gun, 20, 328 tactical use, 99 pepperbox pistol, 16, 217
m Vickers, 20 MG42 machine-gun, 323 teppo matchlock (Japanese), 157 percussion-cap, mechanism, 16
World War I, 20, 276-7, 286, MG43 machine-gun, 326-7 Mycena, swords, 10 pistol, 216-17
M1 (Garand) carbine, 21, 285, MGL Mk1 grenade launcher, 345 revolver, 218-19, 222-3
304-5 289, 328 Middle East, modern warfare, 278-9 nO percussion lock, pistol, 162
World War II, 20, 21, 330, 336, Midway, Battle of, 278 Permjakov, Ivan, 154
M1 helmet, 23 Miller, Gen.William, 185 Nadir Shah, 99 Persia, Alexander defeats, 28
M1A1 Bazooka anti-tank rifle, 349 millile, cruise, 277 Naga people, club, 9 cavalry, 27
MacLean, Samuel, 329 Mills,William, 342 Nagasaki, 277, 278 empire, 27-8
341 madu (parrying stick), 193 Mills bomb, 342 Nagashino, Battle of, 100, 101, mace, 75
M2 machine-gun, 323 magari yari (trident), 13 Minié, Claude-Étienne, 178 swords, 128, 186
M3 submachine-gun, 336 magazine, design, 18 Minié (bullet), 178, 220 127 Peru, civil war, 99
M14 rifle, 308 Magnum, 298, 339 Minimi, FN machine-gun, 330 naginata (staff weapon), 13, 75 phalanx, 12, 28, 42-3
M16 rifle, 309, 310, 347 Maiano, Giovanni, 167 Squad Automatic Weapon, 326 Nambu Taisho pistol, 219 Philip II of Spain, 99
M16A2 assault rifle, 21 mail, aventail, 23, 87, 93, 268 Minoa, swords, 10 Namibia, invaded, 178 Philippines, Japanese invasion,
with grenade launcher, 343 failings of, 11, 170 miquelet lock, invention, 15 Nancy, Battle of, 61, 108
M18/1 Bergmann submachine- Indian, 170, 268 musket, 155, 247 Napoleon III (Bonaparte), 101, 278
Roman, 22 pistol, 162, 163, 215 US occupation, 177
gun, 333 shirt, 23, 52, 91, 92, 93 missile, cruise, 279 177, 178, 238 Phillipsburg, Siege of, 99, 101
M19 grenade launcher, 344 maingauche (dagger), 130 Mississippi rifle, 236 Napoleonic Wars, 107, 180, 181, pichangatti (knife), 193
M60 Browning machine-gun, Makarov pistol, 293 Miyamoto, Musashi, 127 pick, fighting, 199
Maldon, Battle of, 51 MLE, 1842 Mousqueton 182-3, 194, 230, 242 Pickett’s Charge, 178
325 Malibar Coast sword, 129 Narmer, Palette of, 12 Pietro Beretta SpA, 293
M63 Stoner rifle, 309 Mannlicher rifle, 258 D’Artillerie rifle, 237 NATO alliance, 278, 308 piha kaetta (dagger), 135
M71 Mauser rifle, 17, 18, 249 Mannlicher-Berthier rifle, 289 1853 Fusil Reglementaire rifle, Navy SEAL, 347 pike, demise of, 101
M79 Blooper grenade launcher, Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, 257 needle-gun, Dreyse, 178, 249 Japanese, 101
Maori War, 203 237 Negev machine-gun, 330 Landsknecht, 108, 109
344 maquahuitl (club), 83 1886/93 Lebel rifle, 259 Nepal, daggers, 192-3 overview, 12, 13
M91/30 Mosin-Nagant rifle, 303 Marathon, Battle of, 26, 28, 42 1916 Berthier, 301 Netherlands, civil war, 99 at Pavia, 98, 138
M107 sniper rifle, 321 Marengo, Battle of, 177 MOD.90 Barrett sniper rifle, 321 pocket pistol, 215 sarissa, 12, 28
M203 grenade launcher, 343, 347 Marignano, Battle of, 114-5 Modin-Nagant rifle, 258 New Britain, shields, 273 spontoon, 13
M901 Astra pistol, 290 Marlborough, Duke of, 99, 101 Mondragon, Manuel, 304 New Zealand, Maori, 203 Swiss, 13, 114
M1863 Springfield rifle, 17 Marne, Battle of, 276, 288 Mongol, armour, 22 Nicopolis, Battle of, 59 tactical use of, 98-9
M1871 Mauser rifle, 256 Mars pistol, 229, 291, 339 bow, 8 Nine Years’War, 101 pill-lock carbine, 263
M1888 rifle designs, 257 Martini-Henry rifle, 17, 194, dagger, 77 Nitro Express bullet, 338 pilum (spear), 8, 28, 47
M1889 Schmidt-Rubin rifle, 256 helmet, 23 Nobunaga, Oda, 100, 101, 127 pin-fire shotgun, 244, 245
M1891 Mosin-Nagant rifle, 258, 249, 265 tactics and warfare, 59, 60-1 Norman Conquest, 58, 92 pistol, ammunition, 16, 224-5,
Maschinen Pistole 43, 305 warriors, 76-7 Normandy landings, 278
319 MAT 49 submachine-gun, 336 Monkey Tail (carbine), 241, 266 North America, bayonets, 194-5 267
M1895 Colt, 322 matchlock, arquebus, 61 Monte Varino, castle of, 14 Harper’s Ferry pistol, 214 Astra, 290
M1895 Mannlicher rifle, 258 British, 14, 149 Montgomery, Gabriel, 169 Indian Wars, 177, 206, 241 Beretta, 293, 294
M1896 Mauser rifle, 259 Chinese, 262 Morgarten, Battle of, 72 knives and clubs, 204-5 Bergmann, 229, 267
M1902 Colt pistol, 290 English, 148 morning star, 141, 142 Massachusetts Indians, 99 Borchardt, 19, 290
M1903 Springfield rifle, 18, 300 incendiary launcher, 263 mortar, 302 revolvers, 218-19 brass cartridge, 224-5
M1905 Steyr-Mannlicher pistol, Indian, 260-1 Moscow, 278 War of Independence, 107, breech-loading, 163, 217
Japanese, 14 Mosin-Nagant rifle, 258, 301, 303 Browning, 229, 292
291 long gun, 148-9 Mosin-Nogant sniper rifle, 319 176-7, 233, 243 cavalry, 215, 219
M1911 Colt, 19, 290, 323, 339 mechanism, 14-15 Mototada,Torii, 127 see also USA coastguard, 217
M1911 Steyr ‘Hahn’, 291 pistol, 108, 150-1, 156-7, 160, Mousqueton D’Artillerie rifle, North Vietnam, helmet, 351 Colt, 18, 290, 292
M1914 Hotchkiss machine-gun, Northern Ireland, submachine- Cooper brass cartridge, 16
260 237 Desert Eagle, 20, 295
325 revolving musket, 261 MP5 submachine-guns, 21, 334- gun, 349 Dragoon, 219
M1917 Browning designs, 323, teppo, 263 Norway, repeater rifle, 257 duelling/target, 15, 17, 212, 216
wall gun, 262 5, 347 Novara, Battle of, 98
325 Mau-Mau carbine, 348 MP18/1 Bergmann machine- obsidian, edged weapons,
M1917 Enfield rifle, 300 Maurice of Nassau, 99
M1921 machine-gun, 323, 332 gun, 21 10, 82, 203
M1935 Radom pistol, 293 MP40 submachine-gun, 332 Oceania, clubs and daggers,
M1944 Carbine, 301
MAC-10 submachine-gun, 337 202-3
mace, Asian, 74-5 shields, 272-3
Okinawa, 278

358 pistol, (cont.) Ravenna, Battle of, 98 rifle (cont.) Russia (cont.) shield (cont.)
European, 17, 160-3, 212-17 recoil, 20, 21 Mannlicher, 258 Maxim guns, 20 Viking, 52
flintlock, 15, 212-15, 246, 261 Red Army, 302-3, 306 Mannlicher-Berthier, 289 Napoleonic front, 177 Zulu war, 270
four-barrel tap-action, 213 Redcoat (British Army), 242-3 Mannlicher-Carcano, 257 Pioneer sword, 181 Shigeyasu, Kunitomo Tobei, 157
Gabbett-Fairfax Mars, 229, 291 Reformation, 99 Martini-Henry, 17, 195, 249, repeater rifle, 258 Shivaji, 100
Glock, 295 religion, Islam, 27, 29 revolvers used, 225 shortbow, Battle of Hastings, 59
Harper’s Ferry, 214 wars, 58-60, 70, 99 265, 267 Russo-Japanese War, 276 shotgun, automatic, 313
Heckler & Koch, 294, 295 Remington, automatic shotgun, Mauser designs, 17, 98, 245, Beretta, 313
horse, 247 s cartridge, 267
improvised, 348-9 313 248-9, 256, 258-9, 278, 285, flintlock, 15, 155
Luger, 19, 290-1 Double Derringer pistol, 224 318 S18-100 antitank rifle, 341 Franci SPAS, 314
Makarov, 293 Magnum bullet, 338, 339 Mosin-Nagant, 258, 301, 303 S-686 Beretta shotgun, 313 Greener Police, 315
matchlock, 108, 150-1, 156-7, pistol, 18 Mousqueton D’Artillerie, 237 SA80 rifle, 310-11, 331 Hadley flintlock, 15
rolling block rifle, 249 multi-shot, 264-5 sabre, 10, 11, 128, 182, 184-5, 191 over-and-under, 313
160, 260 Reno, Maj. Marcus, 206 percussion-cap, 17, 221, 236-7 Russian cavalry, 180, 186 pin-fire, 244, 245
Mauser designs, 290 repeating rifles, 252-3, 256-9, pits, 178 Turkish, 187 pump-action, 19
Nambu Taisho, 219 Remington rolling block, 249 Turko-Mongolian, 186 rotary-breech, 313
Peacemaker, 18 300-1, 304-5, 308-9 repeater, manual-loading, 18, sacrifice, Aztec, 82, 83 self-loading, 19
pepperbox, 16, 217 Revolutionary War, see American 252-3, 256-9, 289, 300-1 Sadakatsu, Gassan, 123 USAS-12, 315
percussion-cap, 17, 216-17 self-loading, 304-5, 308-9 saif (North African sword), 187 Winchester models, 315
plastic manufacture, 294 War of Independence revolving, 19, 245, 252-3 saintie (spear), 75 shotpistol, improvised, 349
pocket, 213, 214-15, 224 revolutions, 176-9 rifling, 21 Saladin, 59, 70 Shrapnel, Henry, 176
Queen Anne, 213 revolver, Allen & Wheelock, 267 Rigby Mauser, 313 sallet, 23, 88, 89 Sicilian Vespers,War of the, 59
Radom, 293 alternative to, 213 rook and rabbit, 245 Samori Touré, 179 siege, artillery, 100
self-loading, 228-9, 290-5 Bodeo, 267 Schmidt, 19 samurai, armor, 22, 127, 172-3 Assyrian, 27
shield, 269 brass cartridge, 224-5 Schmidt-Rubin, 256 helmet, 23 Sevastopol, 177, 178
Star, 292 break-open, 219 sight, 303, 310, 318, 320, 326 sword, 66-7, 120-5, 127 warfare, 98-9
Stechkin, 293 breech-loading, 176 sniper, 21, 302-3, 304, 318-21 tanto (dagger), 11 sight, optical, 345
Steyr “Hahn,” 291 Colt models, 18, 176, 218-19, Spencer, 253, 267 warriors, 126-17 telescopic, 303, 310, 318, 320,
Steyr-Mannlicher, 291 sport guns, 238-9, 244-5, San Romano, Battle of, 61
under-hammer pistol, 217 224-5, 226-7, 295-6, 299 Sargon of Agade, 26 326
Walther PP, 293 double-action, 222 312-13 sarissa, 12, 28 Sikh Akali sect, 269
Webley, 267, 291 Enfield, 297, 339 Springfield designs, 17, 178, Saxon, dagger, 11 silencer, 21
Webley-Fosbery, 229 flintlock, 212 long-handled ax, 73 Simonov, assault rifle, 343
see also revolver grenade launcher, 345 236-7, 249, 267, 300 spear, 8 SKS with grenade launcher,
Plains Indian, weapons, 208-9 invention, 18 Sturmgewehr STG44, 305 Scandinavia, ax, 9
Plamya grenade launcher, 344 Lefaucheux, 16 Tokarev, 304 German invasion, 277 343
plastic, in gun manufacture, 294, Magnum, 298-9 under-hammer turret, 267 staff weapons, 72, 73 Skoda machine gun, 20
musket, 261 Westley Richards, 312 Schmidt, Col. Rudolf, 19, 256 Skorpion submachine gun, 337
330 pepperbox, 16, 217 Winchester, 178, 253, 267, 312 Schmidt-Rubin rifle, 256 slavery, 221
Plataea, hoplites at, 42 percussion-cap, 218-19, 222-3 World War I German, 286 Schnellfeuer pistol, 290 smallsword, 10, 11, 112
Poitiers, Battle of, 60, 78 pocket, 298 see also ammunition and Schwarzlose machine gun, 20 Smith, Charles, 245
Poland, German invasion, 277 post-1900, 296-9 scimitar, 128, 198 Smith, Horace, 18
Radom pistol, 293 revolving rifle, 16, 245, 252-3 bayonet and carbine and Scotland, broadsword, 106 Smith, Samuel, 245
poleaxe, 13, 72, 140 Smith & Wesson, 296-8 musket cavalry charge, 230 Smith & Wesson, 18-19, 224, 225,
police, revolvers, 296, 298-9 Webley & Scott, 296 rifle-musket, 220 claymore, 102
Polynesia, cleaver, 9 Richard I, King, 58 Rigby, John, 313 Falkirk defeat, 8 267, 296-8
Port Arthur, 276 ricochet, used in combat, 99 Rigby Mauser rifle, 313 flintlock, 155 SMLE rifle with grenade
Portugal, introduces firearms to rifle, 3-Line, 258 Rivera, Diego, 84 Highland dirk, 131
anti-tank, 340-1 Riviere, Isaac, 216 pistol, 162 launcher, 342
Japan, 262 Arisaka, 259 rocket, invented, 176 snaphuance, 153 snaphaunce, 15, 153, 160, 162,
matchlock, 156 assault, 21, 309, 310-11 V-2, 278 Wark castle captured, 59
powder, and ball weapons, 14 automatic, 21, 347 Rocroi, Battle of, 99 scramasax (dagger), 11, 50 247
flask, 227 Baker, 234-5, 243 Roman, armor, 22, 23, 44-5, scutum (shield), 28, 44, 46 Snider, Jacob, 250
horn, 239 Berthier, 300-1 46, 181 scythe, 12 sniper, American War of
PPSH41 submachine gun, 333 bluing, 237 auxiliaries, 46 seax, 50
prehistory, timeline, 26-7 bolt-action, 17, 19, 245 edged weapons, 11, 27, 44-5, Sedan, Battle of, 178 Independence, 243
weapons, 30-1 break-open, 244 181 serpentine, 14 rifles, 21, 302-3, 304, 318-21
primer, 19 breech-loader, 178, 194, 248-9 empire, 27, 28-9 Sevastopol, 177, 178 sode garami, 13
Prince, Frederick, 245 Browning Automatic, 304 gladius, 10, 28, 45, 46-7, 181 Seven Pines, Battle of, 177 Solomon Islands, shield, 272
projector, antitank, 340 carbine M1944, 301 helmet, 23 Seven Years War, 99, 101, 149 Solothurn antitank rifle, 341
Prussia, armed forces, 148, 178 cartridges, 267 legionaries, 46-7 SG43 machine gun, 324 Somme, Battle of the, 277
bayonet charge, 194 Colt Patterson revolving, 245 pikes, 99 SGM Goryunov machine gun, sosun pattah sword, 191
Jäger (riflemen), 177 Dreyse needle, 178, 249 pilum, 8, 28, 47 Soult, Marshal, 242
Potsdam musket, 233 Enfield, 178, 237, 250-1, 267, punishments, 46 324 South Africa, club, 9
Pryse, Charles, 225 Rome sacked, 48, 109 Shaka (Zulu chief), 200 grenade launcher, 345
PSG-1 Heckler & Koch sniper 300-1 scutum, 28, 44, 46 shamshir sword, 128 improvised pistol, 348
flintlock, 152-3, 232-3, 264-5 spatha, 11, 27 shaped charge, 340 shotgun manufacture, 315
rifle, 319 folding butt, 305, 308 rondel (dagger), 11, 69 Sharps, Christian, 217, 240 South Korea, shotgun
PTRD antitank rifle, 341 Galili, 309 rook and rabbit rifle, 245 Sharps percussion-cap carbine, 16
Pu-Abi, Queen (Sumerian), 32 GEW43, 305 rotary-breech action, 313 Shaw, Joshua, 16, 245 manufacture, 315
Python revolver, 299 Hall, 233 Royal Ordnance Factory, 19 shell, shrapnel, 176 US action in, 277, 278
PzB41 antitank rifle, 341 Heckler & Koch G41, 309 RP46 Degtyarev machine gun, 329 shield, African, 270-1 Spain, Astra pistol, 290
Henry, 253 RPG-7V grenade launcher, 345 Argive, 27-8 cavalry pistol, 215
QR improved range of, 178 RPK74 machine gun, 331 Australian, 211 conquistadors, 84, 99
infanteriegewehr, 257 Rudolf IV, Hapsburg Duke of Aztec, 83 Granada falls, 59
quarrel (crossbow bolt), 78 Kalashnikov, 278, 306-7, 331 Austria, 93 Celtic, 49 machine gun, 331
quarterstaff, 13 Krag, 18, 300 Russia, AK47 Kalashnikov, 306- Egyptian ceremonial, 35 miquelet lock, 15
quillon, 11, 68, 69, 133 Krag-Jørgensen, 257 7, 331 Indian dahl, 171, 269 pistol, 163, 292
quiver, Indian Maratha, 147 Le Mat, 253 bardiche, 141 Oceanic, 272-3 Spanish-American War, 177,
Plains Indian, 208 Lebel, 259 cavalry saber, 180 pistol, 269
radar, 276 Lee-Enfield, 18, 221, 267, 284, Crimean War, 154, 177, 178, scutum, 28, 44, 46 178
Rameses II, Pharaoh, 27 180, 241 tercio, 13, 99
rapier, 10-11, 112 300-1 flintlock, 154 War of Succession, 101
footsoldier use, 105 Lee-Metford, 257, 267 Infantry Code, 101 spangenhelm (helmet), 23, 50,
long guns, 312-13 Japanese attack, 276
magazine, 300, 304, 308-9 51, 86
Spanish-American War, 177, 178
Spanish War of Succession, 101
Sparta, 42

spatha (Roman sword), 11, 27 sword (cont.) tank (cont.) Ur, 26, 32 wall gun, 262 359
spear, African, 199 cased, 113 battle, 276 urban warfare, 278 Walther, pistol, 293
angon, 50 Castillon, 63 crew helmet, 350 USA, American Civil War, 177, sniper gun, 21, 320
Aztec, 83 cavalry, 104-7, 180, 181, 182, revolver, 297 war hammer, 73
boar, 13, 117 rifles, 305 178, 220-1 wheellock, 158
Celtic, 49 184-5, 189 World War I, 277, 286 antitank rifle, 341 warfare, beginning of organized, 32
design, 45 Chinese, 67, 77, 188-9 Tannenberg, Battle of, 59 bayonet, 285 siege techniques, 32
Egyptian, 34-5 colichemarde forte, 113 tanto (dagger), 11 fighting knife, 285 Wark castle, 59
Greek, 40, 42-3 crusader, 62 Tanzania, invaded, 178 grenade, 343 Warsaw Pact, 278
North American, 204 cutlass, 182 telegraph, 176 grenade launcher, 344 Washington, George, 177
obsidian, 203 dao, 9, 77, 188, 191 Templar knights, 90 helmet, 23 Waterloo, Battle of, 177, 242
prehistoric, 31 decorated, 112-13 Tenochtitlán, 98 Indian Wars, 177, 206 Waters, John, 212
Roman, 8, 28, 45, 47, 50 doppelhänder, 102 teppo (matchlock rifle), 263 invades Afghanistan, 347 Weatherby Magnum bullet, 339
saintie, 75 double-edged, 54, 65 tercio formation, 13, 99 Korean action, 278 Webley, pistol, 229, 267, 291
samurai, 127 dress, 112-13 terrorism, 277, 347 musket design, 233 Webley & Scott revolver, 296
Saxon, 8 Düsack, 105 Thebes, 42 Navy SEAL, 346-7 Wellington, Duke of, 242, 294
stabbing, 200 eben, 282, 283 Thirty Years War, 99, 100-1, 164 Prohibition era, 333 Werndl, 291
Viking, 55 Egyptian, 36 Thompson, Gen. John Tagliaferro, revolvers, 296-9 Wesson, Daniel, 17, 18
Zulu, 200, 201 estoc, 11 rifles, 236-7, 300, 304-5, 308- Westley Richards, guns, 241,
Special Boat Unit, 346 European, 48-51, 62-5, 102-5, 332
Spencer, Christopher, 18, 253 Thompson people, bow and 9, 312 266, 312
Spion Kop, 179 112-13, 180-3 submachine guns, 332-3, 337, Westphalia, Peace of, 99, 101
Spitfire, 277 execution, 102-3, 191 arrow, 208 wheellock, dag, 160
spontoon, 13 falchion, 116 Thuer, Alexander, 267 347 design, 14-15, 148
sport guns, 238-9, 244-5, firanghi, 128 Tiberius, Emperor, 45 terrorist attack, 277 muskets, 14, 152-3
flame-edged, 102, 109 Tibet, matchlock musket, 262 Vietnam War, 277, 278, 316, pistol, 14-15, 150, 158-9, 160
312-13 French, 181, 182-3 swords, 188-9 White, Rollin, 224
Springfield, rifles, 17, 236-7, 249, gladius, 28, 45, 181 Tiglath-Pileser III, 27 345, 347 White Mountain, Battle of, 164
glossary, 11 Til-Tuba, Battle of, 33 World War I helmets, 351 Whiting, JH, 291
267, 300, 339 hand-and-a-half, 64, 91 timeline, 3000bce–1000ce, 26-7 World War II, 278 Whitney, Eli, 226
Spurs, Battle of the, 98 hanger, 106, 116, 117 1000–1500, 58-9 see also North America Whitworth, Sir Joseph, 237
Sri Lanka, dagger, 135 hunting, 105, 116-19 1500–1775, 98-9 USAS-12 shotgun, 315 William, King Frederick I, 148,
matchlock, 156 Indian, 128-9, 190-1 1775–1899, 176-7 USSR, invades Afghanistan, 279
staff weapons, 142-3 infantry, 104-7, 184-5 1901–2000, 276-7 antitank rifle, 341 233
swords, 128-9 Italian, 10, 91, 116 Togo, invaded, 178 collapse, 277 William, Norman duke, 59
staff weapons, Asian, 74-5 Japanese, 66-7, 120-5 Tokarev, Fedor, 304 Communism, 277 William Louis of Nassau, 99
European, 72-3, 136-7, 140-1 jian, 189 Tokarev weapons, 292, 304 German invasion, 278 Wilson, James, 265
glossary, 13 kastane, 128 tomahawk, 9, 205 grenade, 343 Winchester, Oliver, 253
Indian, 142-3, 196-7 katana, 10, 11, 59, 66-7, 121, Tommy Gun, 332 grenade launcher, 344-5, 347 Winchester, bullet, 338, 339
overview, 12-13 tongi ax, 196 machine gun, 20, 331 rifles, 18, 178, 253, 267, 312
Sri Lankan, 142-3 122-3, 126, 127 top (helmet), 23 Makarov pistol, 293 shotguns, 315
Stalin, Joseph, 302 khanda,190 trace italienne, fortification, 100 sniper rifles, 319 windage, 21
Stalingrad, Battle for, 278, 302-3 khepesh, 35 Trafalgar, Battle of, 177 Stechkin pistol, 293 World War I, bayonet, 284
Starr, Nathan, 219 knuckle guards, 112-13 training, gunnery schools, 101 submachine gun, 333 causes, 179
Stechkin pistol, 293 medieval, 63 knightly, 90 Tokarev weapons, 292, 304 cost of, 288
steel, manufacture, 27, 177 mortuary, 107 see also drilling Uzi submachine gun, 336 French infantry, 288-9
Sten submachine gun, 333, 349 North African saif, 187 Trajan’s Column, 46 V-2 rocket, 278 gas, 286
Steyr “Hahn” pistol, 291 Ottoman designs, 186-7 Treaty of Versailles, 323 vamplate, 167 German weapons, 286-7
Steyr-Mannlicher pistol, 291, 339 parade, 102 trench warfare, 178, 276 vechevoral sword, 190 grenades, 289
STG44 rifle, 305, 308 pioneer, 183 trident, 12, 13 Verdun, Battle of, 276, 288 helmets, 23, 350-1
stiletto, 11, 131, 133 rapier, 10, 107, 110-11 trigger, development, 14, 21 vervelle, 86 machine guns, 20, 276-7, 286,
stone, club, 205 replaced, 11, 213 trousse, hunting, 118-19 Vickers machine-gun, 20, 323
Stoner, Eugene, 309 riding, 63 Truce of God, 58 Vienna, Congress of, 178 289, 328
Stuart, Jeb, 220 saber, 10, 11, 128, 180, 182, tüfenk (musket), 247 siege of, 100 pistols, 292, 296
Studenmayer, 194 turban, Indian, 269 Vietnam War, 277, 278 rifles, 289, 300-1
Sturmgewehr STG44 rifle, 305 184-5, 186, 187, 191 Turkey, armor, 22 grenade launcher, 345 shotgun, 314, 315
submachine gun, 21, 308, 332-7, Saxon, 50-1 fortified village, 26 helicopter use, 316 snipers, 318
schiavona, 106 helmet, 23 Navy SEAL, 347 tanks, 286
347, 349 scimitar, 128, 198 mace, 13, 75 Viking, armor, 22, 52-3 timeline, 276
improvised, 349 short, 10, 36, 65 swords, 10, 129 ax, 9, 52-3, 73 Treaty of Versailles, 323
submarine, German U-boat, 277 smallsword, 10, 11, 112 yataghan (sword), 10 defeated at Clontarf, 58 World War II, bayonet, 285
Turtle, 176 sosun pattah, 191 Turtle (submarine), 176 helmet, 23, 53 causes, 247
Sudan, fighting bracelet, 281 spatha, 11, 27 Tutankhamen, 35, 36, 38-9 rise of, 29 machine guns, 20, 21, 330, 336,
knife, 282 Sri Lankan, 128-9 spear, 55
Mahdists defeated, 177, 179 sword-breaker dagger, 11, 132 uvw swords, 54-5 349
shield, 270, 271 sword-broadsword, 104 Villar Perosa submachine gun, 332 pistols, 293
Suez crisis, 277 tachi, 67 U-boat, 277 volley gun, flintlock, 265 Red Army, 302-3
Sumeria, organized warfare, 32 talwar, 128, 191 Uganda, finger knife, 281 von Augezd, Baron Odkolek, 324 rifles, 308
Sumpter, Fort, 177 Tibetan, 188-9 Uji, Battle of, 126 Von Dreyse, 248, 256 snipers, 302, 318
SVT40 Tokarev rifle, 304 transitional, 65 UK, antitank rifle, 340 von Mannlicher, Ferdinand, 19, timeline, 276-8
Sweden, cavalry sword, 105 two-handed, 102-3, 109 Ulm, Napoleonic campaign, 177 Wounded Knee, Battle of, 177
Switzerland, antitank rifle, 341 vechevoral, 190 under-hammer, pistol, 217 258, 291
halberd, 72, 141 Viking, 54-5 turret rifle, 267 von Moltke, 178 xyz
pike, 13, 114 wakizashi, 67, 121, 122-3, United Kingdom, coastguard von Steuben, Augustus, 177
sword, African, 282-3 von Wallenstein, Albrecht, 101 yataghan (sword), 10
aikuchi, 66 124-5, 127 pistol, 217 VP70M Heckler & Koch pistol, Yorimasa, Minamoto, 126
American Civil War, 184-5 war, 63 dueling/target pistol, 216 Yorktown, surrender of, 176, 243
Baker rifle sword bayonet, 235 Sword-hunt Edict, 100 Lee-Enfield rifle, 18, 221, 267, 294 Yoshihira, Minamoto, 126
baselard, 64 VZ/68 Skorpion submachine Ypres, 277
bayonet, 194-5, 242, 243 T 284, 300-1 gun, 337 Zaitsev,Vasili, 303
boar, 117 musket design, 233 WA2000 Walther sniper gun, 320 ZB 53 machine gun, 324
broadsword, 104, 106, 108 tabar (axe), 142, 197 percussion cap revolver, 222-3 Wadgaon, Battle of, 197 Zeppelin airships, 277
Bronze Age, 48 tachi (sword), 67 pocket pistol, 215 Waffenfabrik Loewe, 228 Zulu, knobkerrie, 9
cadet, 183 talwar (saber), 10, 11, 128, 191 rook and rabbit rifle, 245 Waffenfabrik Mauser, 19 war shield, 200, 270
tank, antitank weapons, 21, Whitworth rifle, 237 wakizashi (sword), 67, 121, 122-3, warrior, 200-1

340-1 124-15, 127
Wales, longbow, 8, 78, 91

acknowledgements

360 The publisher would like to thank the Civiltà Romana, Rome (b). DK Castle,Warwick (crb). 93 akg-images: Wallace Collection. 169 Corbis: the Trustees of the Wallace Collection.
following for their kind permission to Images: British Museum (tl); Courtesy British Library (tl). DK Images: By Leonard de Selva (bl). DK Images: By 249 akg-images: (t). 253 Corbis:
reproduce their photographs. of the Ermine Street Guard (tr/short kind permission of the Trustees of the kind permission of the Trustees of the Bettmann (br). 254-255 The Art
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