Sorani Kurdish Vocabulary - Harvard University

Sorani Kurdish Vocabulary

Circumflexed vowels follow uncircumflexed vowels in alphabetization. The furtive i

is indicated by italicization, e.g. bâwik ‘father’ but bâwkî ‘his father.’

Abbreviations: adj. = adjective; cond. = conditional; demon. = demonstrative;

imprs. = impersonal (verb is always in the 3rd person singular); impt. = imperative;

pl. = plural; pron. = pronoun; sing. = singular; subj. = subjunctive; pres. = present;

v.i. = verb intransitive; v.p. = verb passive; v.t. = verb transitive (transitive implies

that the past tense is formed on the ergative model, not that the verb necessarily

takes a direct object either in Kurdish or in English).

Generally, compound verbs are listed under the nonverbal element of the com-

pound; compounds with frequently-occurring elements like dâ-, hał-, and pe- are

listed under the verb.

*

a- ‫ ﺋــــــﻪ‬habitual verbal prefix (Sulaymani the city; ~ i engaged in, practicing:
dialect); see da- ahl i îmân religious, ahl i kher chari-
table, ahl i kayf hedonistic; ~ la…dâ
-à ‫ ـﻪ‬directional suffix on verbs: chûmà
shâr I went to town worthy of: fiłân la rafâqat’dâ zor ahl
a So-and-So is quite worthy of friend-
adab ‫ ﺋـــﻪدﻩب‬literature, culture; ~î ‫ﺋـــﻪدﻩﰉ‬ ship
literary; ~iyât ‫ ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑـﻴـﺎت‬literature; ~par-
war ‫ ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑـﭙـﻪروﻩر‬patron of literature; be~ Aḥmad ‫ ﺋــــــﻪﲪــــــﻪد‬Ahmad, masc. proper
‫ﺋـــﻪدﻩب‬/ impolite; be~î ‫ﺋـــﻪدﻩﰉ‬/ impo-
name
liteness
aḥrâr ‫ ﺋﻪﺣﺮار‬liberals
adîb ‫ ﺋـــــﻪدﯾـــــﺐ‬litérateur, literary person, ajzâkhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ ﺋﻪﺟﺰا‬pharmacy
-aká ‫ ـﻪﮐــــﻪ‬sing. definite suffix: pyâwaká
man of letters
the man
afandî ‫ ﺋــﻪﻓــﻪﻧــﺪی‬gentleman, anyone who
-akân ‫ ـﻪﰷن‬pl. definite suffix: pyâwakân
wears western clothes
the men
Afrâsiyâb ‫ـﻴـﺎب‬8‫ ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮاﺳـ‬Afrasiab, legendary
akhlâq ‫ـﻼق‬L‫ ﺋـﻪ‬morals, ethics; ~î ‫ـﻼﰵ‬L‫ﺋـﻪ‬
king of Turan
moral, ethical
Afrîqâ ‫ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ‬, Afrîqyâ ‫ ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘ;ﺎ‬Africa
afsar ‫ ﺋﻪﻓﺴﻪر‬officer Ałamânî ‫ﻪﻣﺎﱏ‬T‫ ﺋﻪ‬German
afsâna ‫ ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﺎﻧـﻪ‬tale, legend; ~î ‫ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﺎﻧـﻪﰃ‬ al’ân ‫ ﺋﻪﻵن‬now
alîktronî ‫ ﺋﻪﻟﻴﮑﱰۆﱏ‬electronic
legendary am …á ‫ـﻪ‬...‫ ﺋﻪم‬this (demon. adj.)
ama ‫ ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬this (demon. pron.)
afsos ‫ ﺋﻪﻓﺴﯚس‬alas, alack amag ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ‬goodness; ba~ ‫ ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ‬faith-
afsûn-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﻮون‬v.t. to charm:
ful; ba~î ‫ ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪﮔـﯽ‬fidelity; be~ ‫ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ‬/
mâr afsûn dakât he charms snakes

agar ‫ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر‬if; ~chî ‫ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرﭼـﯽ‬even though,
even if unfaithful, faithless
agînâ ‫ ﺋﻪﮔﻴﻨﺎ‬if not, otherwise amak ‫ = ﺋﻪﻣﻪک‬amag
ahâlî ‫ ﺋــﻪﻫــﺎﱃ‬inhabitants, civilian popula- amal ‫( ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﻪل‬also ‫ )`ـــﻪﻣـــﻪل‬operation; ~-
tion kirdin v.t. to have an operation

ahl ‫ ﺋـﻪﻫـﻞ‬inhabitant, resident: kâwrâ ahl i amarîk|â ‫ـﲀ‬a‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪر‬America; ~î ‫ـﮑـﯽ‬a‫ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪر‬
shâr a the gentleman is a resident of American

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SORANI KURDISH

amatâ c‫ ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬here is, voici only: arzim kird I said); to petition:
amâna ‫ ﺋﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬these (demon. pron.) arzî ba pâshâ kird la shitèk he
amârat ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎرﻩت‬emirate, principality; ~ a petitioned the king for something

darabagakân feudal principalities arz2 ‫ ﺋﻪرز‬earth, land
Arzařom ‫ ﺋﻪرزﻩڕۆم‬Erzerum
amjâ ‫ ﺋﻪﳎﺎ‬now, at this time arzîng ‫ ﺋﻪرزﯾﻨﮓ‬chin, dimple in the chin
amn ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻦ‬security; ~î ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﲎ‬pertaining to ashîrat ‫ ﺋﻪﺷﲑﻩت‬tribe
ashkanja ‫ ﺋـﻪﺷـﮑـﻪﳒـﻪ‬torture; ~-dân v.t. to
security
torture; ~-dirân v.p. to be tortured
amřo ‫ۆ‬g‫ ﺋﻪﻣ‬today
amshaw ‫ ﺋﻪﻣﺸﻪو‬tonight ashkawt ‫ = ﺋﻪﺷﮑﻪوت‬shikaft
amust ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳـﺖ‬finger; ~aweła ‫ـﻪ‬k‫ـ‬l‫ـﺘـﻪو‬8‫ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳـ‬ ashq ‫ ﺋﻪﺷﻖ‬love
ashrâf ‫ ﺋــــﻪﴍاف‬dignitaries, eminent per-
ring; ~basta ‫ــﺘــﻪ‬8‫ــﻪﺳــ‬m‫ــ‬n‫ ﺋــﻪﻣــﻮﺳــ‬fooled,
sons
tricked
asht ‫ ﺋﻪﺷﺖ‬wage
andâm ‫ ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪام‬member; ~î ‫ ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪاﻣـﯽ‬member- asîr ‫ ﺋﻪﺳﲑ‬prisoner
aslaḥa ‫„ـﻪ‬ƒ‫ ﺋـﻪﺳـ‬weapons, arms: ba asla-
ship
ḥawa armed
andâza ‫ ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ‬measurement; be~ ‫ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ‬/
asp ‫ ﺋﻪﺳﭗ‬horse
untold, limitless aspanâgh ‫ﭙﻪ‡غ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬spinach
aspârdin ‫ﭙﺎردن‬8‫ = ﺋﻪﺳ‬spârdin
andâzyâr ‫ر‬p‫ ﺋﻪﻧﺪاز‬engineer aspâyî ‫ﭙﺎﱙ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬stealth; ba ~ stealthily
anfâl ‫ ﺋــﻪﻧــﻔــﺎل‬the Iraqi campaign against aspe ‰Š‫ﭙ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬louse, mite
asrîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﺋﻪﴎ‬tear
the Kurds in 1988 Astamûl ‫ﺘﻪﻣﻮول‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬Istanbul
aster ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬pool
ango ‫ﮕﯚ‬s‫ ﺋﻪ‬you astera ‫ﺮﻩ‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬star
angus(t)‫ﮕﻮس‬s‫ ﺋﻪ‬،‫ﮕﻮﺳﺖ‬s‫ = ﺋﻪ‬amust asterok ‫ﺮۆک‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬firefly
angûs ‫ﮕﻮوس‬s‫ = ﺋﻪ‬amust asto ‫ـﺘـﯚ‬8‫ ﺋـﻪﺳـ‬neck, thick part of the neck;
anjâm ‫ ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎم‬end, result; ~-dân ‫ﺋـﻪﳒـﺎم دان‬
girtinà ~ v.t. to assume the burden of
v.t. to accomplish, to do; la ~’dâ v
‫ ﺋــﻪﳒــﺎﻣــﺪا‬in the end; la ~ i … awa as a astûr ‫ﺘﻮور‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬thick
result of; be~ ‫ﺋـــﻪﳒـــﺎم‬/ ineffective, in- atom ‫ ﺋـــــﻪﺗـــــﯚم‬atom: hez i ~ power of the

consequential

anjuman ‫ ﺋﻪﳒﻮﻣﻪن‬council, board
‘antar ‫ `ـﻪﻧـﺘـﻪر‬monkey; wak ‘antar i Lotî

Sâlih like Loti Salih’s monkey, “like
an organ grinder’s monkey,” an ob-

ject of pity and ridicule atom; ~î atomic
‘aql ‫ `ﻪﻗﻞ‬mind, intelligence atrash ‫ـــــﺮﻩش‬Ž‫ ﺋـــــﻪ‬gall: atrashyân chûbû
‘ard ‫ = `ﻪرد‬arz2
are ‫ ﺋﻪرێ‬yes they had lost their gall
ark (1) ‫ ﺋـــــﻪرک‬duty, responsibility: ark i
avîndâr ‫ ﺋﻪﭬ;ﻨﺪار‬lover
aw ‫ ﺋــــﻪو‬he, she, it (3rd-person sing. pro-
sar shânima khizmat bikam it’s my noun); that (sing. demon. pron.); ~

duty to serve; (2) trouble, labor: hen- …á that, those (demon. adj.): aw
dim ark dâwa nabetawa I’ve caused shitá that thing, aw shitâná those
unprecedented trouble things

‘arsh ‫ `ﻪرش‬throne awá ‫ ﺋــــــــﻪوﻩ‬that (demon. pron.); bo ~î in
arshîv ‫ـﻴـﭫ‬8‫ ﺋـﻪرﺷ‬archive; ~î ‫ـﻴـﭭـﯽ‬8‫ ﺋـﻪرﺷ‬archiv-
order that; ~ khwâya God willing
al
awa ‫( ﺋــــــــــﻪوﻩ‬with present verb indicates
arz1 ‫ ﺋـــــــــﻪرز‬petition; ~-kirdin v.t. to say
progressive): min awa la birsâ da-
(self-deprecating, of the 1st person mirim I’m dying of hunger

164

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

-awa ‫( ـﻪوﻩ‬postposition, with preposition ~chûn ‫ووﭼﻮون‬g–‫ ﺋﺎ‬indignity
âbuhawâ ‫ ﺋﺎﺑﻮﻫﻪوا‬climate
la; contracts to -wa after vowels) âbunmân ‫ ﺋﺎﺑﻮﳕﺎن‬subscription
from âborî ‫ ﺋﺎﺑﯚری‬economy, economic
âdamî ‫ ﺋـــﺎدﻩﻣـــﯽ‬human being; ~zâ(d) hu-
awal ‫ ﺋﻪوﻩل‬first
awanda ‫ ﺋــﻪوﻩﻧــﺪﻩ‬so much, thus; ~ i tir so
much the more; dû ~ twice as much: man being
min dû awanda’t dadamè I’ll give
you twice as much âday ‫ ﺋﺎدﻩی‬now then
âfarîn ‫ــﻦ‬a‫ ﺋــﺎﻓــﻪر‬bravo; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
awatâ c‫ ﺋﻪوﻩ‬there is, voilà
awâ ‫ ﺋـﻪوا‬then; ~ hât u ‫ ﺋـﻪوا ﻫـﺎت و‬suppose: applaud

awâ hât u kurdèk habû suppose there âfâq ‫ ﺋﺎﻓﺎق‬horizons
was a Kurd who … âfrat ‫ ﺋﺎﻓﺮﻩت‬woman
âgâ ‫ ﺋـــ˜ﮔـــﺎ‬aware: ~t l’ aw kârá haya? are
awân ‫ ﺋﻪوان‬they; ~a ‫ ﺋﻪواﻧﻪ‬those
‘awdâl ‫ `ﻪودال‬wandering you aware of that?; (2) awake: khaw-
awe ‫ ﺋــــــــﻪوێ‬there; l’ ~ ‫وێ‬v there, in that tûa yân ~ya? is he asleep or awake?;
~-bûn la v.i. to be aware of; ~-kirdin
place; l’ ~wa ‫ــــــﻮﻩ‬l‫و‬v from there, from
v.t. to inform; ~dâr ‫ ﺋـ˜ﮔـﺎدار‬la aware of,
that place careful of; ~dârî ‫ ﺋـــ˜ﮔـــﺎداری‬awareness,

awîn ‫ــﻦ‬a‫ ﺋــﻪو‬love; ~dâr ‫ ﺋــﻪوﯾــﻨــﺪار‬lover, in care, attention, information

love âgir ‫ ﺋ˜ﮔﺮ‬fire; ~dân ‫ ﺋ˜ﮔﺮدان‬fireplace
âghâ ‫ ﺋﺎ™ﺎ‬agha, title of feudal lord
awjâ ‫ ﺋﻪو•ﺎ‬then, subsequently âhang ‫ــﮓ‬s‫ ﺋــﺎﻫــﻪ‬entertainment, party; ~-
Awrupâ ‫ ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎ‬Europe; ~î ‫ ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎﱙ‬Euro-
geřân to hold a party, give an enter-
pean tainment

awsâ ‫ ﺋﻪوﺳﺎ‬then, at that time âîn ‫ ﺋﺎﺋﲔ‬religion; ~î ‫ ﺋﺎﺋ›ﲎ‬religious
awto ‫ ﺋﻪوﺗﯚ‬so much, such a âkâm ‫ ﺋــــــــ˜ﰷم‬end, result: la ~’(d)â in the
ay ‫ ﺋـﻪی‬O (vocative particle); oh; now: ay end, finally
kay det? who’s coming now?
âkâr ‫ ﺋ˜ﰷر‬conduct, morals
ayâr ‫ر‬p‫ ﺋﻪ‬May âkh ‫ ﺋـــــــــــﺎخ‬earth, grave; exclamation of
‘aybat ‫ `ﻪﯾﺒﻪت‬fear, terror
aylûl ‫ ﺋﻪﯾﻠﻮول‬September pleasure
‘aynak ‫ `ﻪﯾﻨﻪک‬eyeglasses
azhdîhâ ‫ ﺋﻪژدﳞﺎ‬dragon, serpent âkhâwtin ‫ــﻦ‬Ž‫ــﺎو‬L‫ ﺋــﺎ‬conversational, collo-
azhîhâ ‫ = ﺋﻪژﳞﺎ‬azhdîha
azhno ‫ ﺋـﻪ ﻧژـﯚ‬knee; dastaw-~ ‫ـﺘـﻪو ﺋـﻪ ﻧژـﯚ‬8‫دﻩﺳـ‬ quial

grieving, mourning âkhir ‫ ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮ‬end; (exclamation) well now!,
after all!; ~ u okhir ‫ ﺋــﺎﺧــﺮوﺋــﻮﺧــﺮ‬latter
azîz ‫ــﺰ‬a‫ `ــﻪز‬dear; ~-kirdin v.t. to pamper;
part, near the end: la ~ i pâyiz dâ
~-kiran v.p. to be spoiled; ~kirâw toward the end of autumn; ~amîn

‫ﺮاو‬B‫ﺰ‬a‫ `ﻪز‬pampered, spoiled ‫ ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮﻩﻣـﲔ‬last: awa ~ jâr be pet biłem let
-â ‫( ا‬contracted form of the postposition
this be the last time I tell you; ~î
’dâ, q.v.)
‫ ﺋﺎﺧﺮی‬final, last
âb ‫ ﺋﺎب‬August âkhnîn ‫ـﲔ‬ž‫ ﺋـﺎﺧـ‬v.t. to stuff; hał-~ to stuff
âbłoqa ‫ﯚﻗﻪ‬k‫ ﺋﺎﺑ‬siege; ~-dân v.t. to besiege
âbřû ‫وو‬g‫ ﺋــــﺎ–ــــ‬honor, modesty, shame; ~- full, cram full

birdin v.t. to dishonor, shame; ~- âkho ‫ ﺋﺎﺧﯚ‬ah, exclamation of pleasure
tikândin v.t. to dishonor; ~bar âl ‫ ﺋﺎل‬red, flushed
âłâ Ÿ‫ ﺋﺎ‬pen; flag, banner
‫ووﺑـــــﻪر‬g‫ ﺋـــــﺎ–ـــــ‬shameful, dishonorable; âłân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ ﺋـــــﺎ‬âłe- ‰‫ـــــ‬T‫ ﺋـــــﺎ‬v.i. to be twisted,

wrapped

165

SORANI KURDISH

âłândin ‫ﻧــﺪن‬Ÿ‫ ﺋــﺎ‬âłên- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ــ‬T‫ ﺋــﺎ‬v.t. to twist ârân ‫ ﺋﺎران‬winter quarters
ârâsta ‫ـﺘـﻪ‬8‫ ﺋـﺎراﺳـ‬direction; ~-kirdin v.t. to
(trs.)
direct: bînarân datwânin pirsyâra-
âlât ‫ ﺋﺎﻻت‬tools, implements kânyân ârâsta i mewân i barnâmaká
âlik ‫ﮏ‬¢‫ﺋﺎ‬, âlîk ‫ ﺋﺎﻟﻴﮏ‬forage, fodder bikan viewers can direct their ques-
Âlmân ‫ ﺋﺎﳌﺎن‬Germany tions at the guest of the program;
âłosh ‫ﯚش‬T‫ ﺋﺎ‬itch
âłqa ‫ـﻘـﻪ‬T‫ ﺋـﺎ‬ring, knocker; ~rez ‫ـﺰ‬¤‫ـﻘـﻪر‬T‫ ﺋـﺎ‬ditto; ~kar ‫ﺘﻪﮐﻪر‬8‫ ﺋﺎراﺳ‬steering, guiding
ârd ‫ ﺋﺎرد‬flour; ~amshâr ‫ ﺋﺎردﻩﻣﺸﺎر‬sawdust
~rez i dargâ kutân v.t. to knock at a ârkolozhiyâ p‫ ﺋﺎرﮐﯚﻟﯚژ‬archaeology
door ârû ‫ ﺋﺎروو‬cucumber
âs ‫ ﺋﺎس‬ace (cards)
âłtûn ‫ﺘﻮون‬T‫ ﺋﺎ‬gold âsawâr ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﻪوار‬remains
âługoř ‫ـــﻮﮔـــﯚڕ‬T‫ ﺋـــﺎ‬change; ~-kirdin v.t. to âsâ ‫( ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎ‬postposition) like: min’îsh khot

change, to alter âsâ am kârá’m kird I, like you, did

âłû ‫ﻮو‬T‫ ﺋﺎ‬tonsils this; ~î normal, usual
âmâda ‫ ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ‬ready; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
ready, prepare
âmânat ‫ ﺋــﺎﻣــﺎﻧــﻪت‬trust, safekeeping; ba ~ âsân ‫ ﺋــﺎﺳــﺎن‬easy; ~-kirdin v.t. to simpli-
dânà dast i … v.t. to give into the fy; ~î ease: ba âsânî with ease, easily
safekeeping of; ba ~ spârdin ba …
v.t. to entrust to âsâyish ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﺎ§ﺶ‬peace, security
âsh ‫ ﺋـﺎش‬mill; ~awân ‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوان‬miller; ~geř
âmânj ‫ ﺋﺎﻣﺎﱋ‬target, goal
âmo ‫ ﺋﺎﻣﯚ‬paternal uncle; ~zâ ‫ ﺋﺎﻣﯚزا‬cousin gŒ‫ ﺋﺎﺷﮕ‬water that turns a mill
âmozhgârî-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺋــﺎﻣــﯚژﮔــﺎری‬v.t. to âshbattâł ‫ﺒﻪﺗﺘﺎڵ‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺷ‬cease-fire
âshkirâ ‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـﮑـﺮا‬clear, obvious; public; ~-
advise
bûn v.i. to be clear, obvious; to be-
âmřâz ‫از‬g‫ ﺋﺎﻣ‬instrument, implement, tool come public; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
âmyân ‫ ﺋﺎﻣ;ﺎن‬yoghurt starter, leaven clear, clarify
ânîshk ‫ ﺋﺎﻧ›ﺸﮏ‬elbow
ânqast (la ~) ‫ ﺋـﺎﻧـﻘـﻪﺳـﺖ‬on purpose, delib- âshnâ ‫ـﻨـﺎ‬8‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـ‬acquainted, friendly; expert;
~yatî ‫ﻨﺎﯾﻪﰏ‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺷ‬acquaintance
erately
âsht ‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـﺖ‬on good terms; ~-bûnawa v.i.
âpo ‫ ﺋﺎﭘﯚ‬paternal uncle to be reconciled; ~î ‫ــﱴ‬8‫ ﺋــﺎﺷــ‬peace, re-
âpor ‫ ﺋﺎﭘﯚر‬calamity conciliation; ~îkhwâz ‫ـ;ـﺨـﻮاز‬n‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـ‬seek-
âpora ‫ ﺋــﺎﭘــﯚرﻩ‬crowd; ~-dân v.t. to crowd:
ing reconciliation
khałkèk i zor la dawr i mizgawt ~yân
dâwa many people have crowded âsik ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﮏ‬gazelle, deer
around the mosque âsin ‫ ﺋــــــﺎﺳــــــﻦ‬iron; ~ i sârd kutân to do

âraq(a) ‫ ﺋـﺎرﻩق‬،‫ ﺋـﺎرﻩﻗـﻪ‬sweat; ~-kirdinawa something useless; ~gar ‫ـــﻨـــﮕـــﻪر‬8‫ﺋـــﺎﺳـــ‬

v.t. to sweat; ~-rishtin v.t. to sweat blacksmith

ârazû ‫ ﺋـﺎرﻩزوو‬wish, hope; ~kar ‫ﺋـﺎرﻩزووﮐـﻪر‬ Âsiyâ ‫ﻴﺎ‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺳ‬Asia
desirous, wishful; ~mand ‫ﺋــﺎرﻩزووﻣــﻪﻧــﺪ‬ âsmân ‫ ﺋــــﺎﺳــــﲈن‬sky; ~ i dûr la zawîawa

hopeful; ~-kirdin v.t. to wish, desire outer space; ~î of the sky, heavenly,
blue
ârâm ‫ ﺋـــــﺎرام‬calm; ~-girtin v.t. to be still,
âso ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﯚ‬horizon
patient, calm down; ~ biřrân la(bar) âst ‫ﺋﺎﺳﺖ‬: la ~e kho in spite of oneself
v.p. to lose patience: wazîr ârâm’î le âstam ‫ـﺘـﻪم‬8‫ ﺋـﺎﺳـ‬slight: namirdibû u ba âs-
hałdagîre the vizier loses his pa-
tam gyân’î te’dâ mâbû he wasn’t
tience; be~ ‫ﺋـــــــﺎرام‬/ impatient; be~î / dead, for there was a slight trace of
‫ ﺋﺎراﻣﯽ‬impatience life still in him; ba ~(èk) slightly:

166

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

dastim ba ~èk rûshâwa my hand is warp
slightly scratched; (2) difficult to
cross: Taragha kewèk i ~a Taragha is âwsâna ‫ ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪ‬fable, legend; ~î ‫ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪﱙ‬
a difficult mountain to get across
fabulous, legendary
âsûda ‫ ﺋـــﺎﺳـــﻮودﻩ‬in comfort, comfortable;
âwus ‫ = ﺋﺎووس‬âwis
~-kirdin v.t. to make comfortable; ~î ây ‫ ﺋﺎی‬O (vocative particle)
âyâ p‫ ﺋﺎ‬interrogative particle
‫ ﺋـﺎﺳـﻮودﻩﱙ‬comfort, prosperity; kawtinà âyin ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﺋﺎ‬religion; ~î traditional; religious
âyina ‫ ﺋﺎﯾﻨﻪ‬mirror
~îawa to become prosperous âyinda ‫ ﺋـــﺎﯾـــﻨـــﺪﻩ‬future, coming, next: do

âtar ‫ ﺋﺎﺗﻪر‬fire rozh i âyinda two days later
âtashbâzî ‫ﺒﺎزی‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺗﻪﺷ‬fireworks
âw ‫ ﺋــﺎو‬water; ~î ‫ ﺋــﺎوی‬watery; light blue; âzâ ‫ ﺋـﺎزا‬brave; ~î ‫ ﺋـﺎزاﰃ‬bravery; ~yatî ‫ﺋـﺎزاﯾـﻪ‬
‫ ﰏ‬act of bravery, feat
~řishen ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺋــﺎوڕﺷــ‬sprinkling, spraying
âzâd ‫ ﺋـــــﺎزاد‬free; ~-kirdin v.t. to set free;
with water ~î ‫ ﺋﺎزادى‬freedom

âwadân ‫ ﺋﺎوﻩدان‬flourishing âzâna ‫ ﺋﺎزاﻧﻪ‬bravely, courageously
âwał ‫ ﺋﺎوﻩڵ‬friend, companion âzâr1 ‫ ﺋــﺎزار‬bother, annoyance; pain, mal-
âwâ ‫ ﺋـــــــــﺎوا‬thus; flourishing, prosperous
ady; ~-kirdin v.t. to bother, annoy
(land); ~-bûn to disappear; to be
gone, over: rozh âwâ be, demà mâł- âzâr2 ‫ ﺋﺎزار‬March
tân when day is done I’ll come to âzâyâna ‫ﻧﻪ‬p‫ = ﺋﺎزا‬âzâna
you; ~-kirdin v.t. to develop; ~dân âzhal ‫ ﺋﺎژﻩل‬flocks, herds
âzhâwa ‫ ﺋﺎژاوﻩ‬commotion, uproar
‫ ﺋـــــــــــــﺎوادان‬flourishing, prosperous; ~î âzûqa ‫ ﺋﺎزووﻗﻪ‬provisions, stores
‫ ﺋـﺎواداﱏ‬village, settlement; ~kirdinawa
b- pres. stem of bûn
development
ba ‫( ﺑـــــــــــﻪ‬with enclitic pronouns pre- or
âwâł ‫ ﺋــــــــــــﺎواڵ‬companion, mate; ~kirâs postposed, pe ‰Š‫ )ﭘـ‬to; by, with (instru-
‫ﮑﺮاس‬T‫ ﺋﺎوا‬women’s trousers
mental); by (with passives): hîchit pe
âwâra ‫ ﺋﺎوارﻩ‬wanderer, vagabond nâkire nothing can be done by you
âwât ‫ ﺋــــﺎوات‬desire: ~ i dił the heart’s de-
ba-1 ‫ ﺑـــﻪ‬for compound adjectives formed
sire; ~-khwâstin bo to wish for,
from ba-, such as barez, bakhabar,
desire; ~akhwâz ‫ ﺋـــﺎواﺗـــﻪﺧـــﻮاز‬desirous, banâwbâng, see next element

hopeful ba-2 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬pres. stem of birdin
badbakht ‫ﺑـﻪدﺑـﻪﺧـﺖ‬unfortunate; ~î ‫ﺑـﻪدﺑـﻪ‬
âwâz ‫ ﺋـﺎواز‬tune, melody; ~a ‫ ﺋـﺎوازﻩ‬reputa-
tion; ~akhwân ‫ ﺋـــﺎوازﻩﺧـــﻮان‬singer; ~a- ‫ ﺧﱴ‬misfortune; bo ~î unfortunately
khwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﺋﺎوازﻩﺧﻮ‬singer bafr ‫ﺑــﻪﻓــﺮ‬snow; ~-girtin v.t. for snow to

âwena ‫ﻨﻪ‬l‫ ﺋﺎو‬mirror cover s.th.: bafr girtûyatî it is covered
âwezha ‫ﮋﻩ‬¤‫ ﺋﺎو‬swamp
âwhâ ‫ ﺋﺎوﻫﺎ‬thus, of this sort with snow; ~ânbâr ‫ ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮاﻧـﺒـﺎر‬the month
âwir ‫ ﺋﺎور‬fire; pregnant
âwiř ‫ ﺋـﺎوڕ‬backward glance; ~-dânawa la of Capricorn (December 22–January
20)
v.t. to look over the shoulder at, to
look back at bag ‫ ﺑﻪگ‬lord, master
Baghdâ ‫ ﺑﻪ™ﺪا‬Baghdad
âwis ‫ ﺋﺎوس‬pregnant baghîl ‫ ﺑـﻪﻏـﻴـﻞ‬stingy; jealous; ~î jealousy;
âwrîshim ‫ ﺋــﺎور§ــﺸــﻢ‬silk; ~în ‫ﺋــﺎور§ــﺸــﻤــﲔ‬
~î hâtin la v.i. to be jealous: baghî-
silken, made of silk lî’yân le dahât they were jealous

âwru ‫ ﺋﺎورو‬honor bahałategayshtin ‫ـﮕـﻪ§ـﺸـﱳ‬²‫ـﻪﺗـ‬T‫ ﺑـﻪﻫـﻪ‬misun-
âwsân ‫ ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎن‬âwse- ‰‫ ﺋـﺎوﺳـ‬v.i. to swell; to

167

SORANI KURDISH

derstanding sake of, because of; la ~ …’dâ in
front of; la ~ …awa to, with, in the
bahâr ‫ ﺑﻪﻫﺎر‬spring presence of: la bar khoyawa gutî he
bahra ‫ ﺑــﻪﻫــﺮﻩ‬benefit, lot; ~-birdin la v.t. said to himself; ~la ~ awaî because;
la ~ kirdin v.t. to put on, wear; la
to derive benefit from ~ân i throughout the length and

baḥrî ‫ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮی‬merhorse, a fabulous magi-

cal horse common in Iranian fairy

tales breadth of; la ~dam i in front of; la ~
dast i …’dâ in the presence of, in
bakesh-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ــﺶ‬Œ‫ ﺑــﻪﮐــ‬v.t. to drag, front of, with; lamaw~ previously,

haul: ba zor bakesh’î kirdim bo lâ i

qâzî he hauled me before the judge by before; (2) fruit, produce
force
bař ‫ ﺑﻪڕ‬rug, flat-woven carpet
bakhew-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺑــﻪﺧــ´ــﻮ‬v.t. to take bar- ‫ ﺑﻪر‬impt. stem of birdin
bara1 ‫ ﺑﻪرﻩ‬tribe, tribal division
care of, to raise (a child) bara2 ‫ ﺑــــﻪرﻩ‬bit; bara-bara little by little,

bakht ‫ ﺑـﻪﺧـﺖ‬luck; ~-kirdin v.t. to risk, to gradually

sacrifice; ~ kirânawa v.p. to have a bara3 i ‫ ﺑﻪرﻩی‬toward
stroke of luck: bakhtî kirâwatawa he bařa ‫ = ﺑﻪڕﻩ‬bař
has had a stroke of luck; ~awar barabayân ‫ن‬p‫ ﺑﻪرﻩﺑﻪ‬at dawn
lucky; ~iyâr prosperous; ~iyârî pros- barałâ Ÿ‫ ﺑـﻪرﻩ‬free, unhampered; ~-kirdin
perity
to set free, turn loose: min barałâ i
Bakhtak ‫ــــﻪک‬µ‫ ﺑــــﻪﺧــــ‬Bakhtak, Anoshar- kołânân dakrem I’ll be turned out into
the streets
wan’s vizier
barangâr-bûnawa ‫ـﮕـﺎر ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ‬s‫ ﺑـﻪرﻩ‬v.i. to
balangâz ‫ﮕﺎز‬sv‫ ﺑﻪ‬poor, destitute
bałâm ‫م‬Ÿ‫ ﺑﻪ‬but (conj.) fight with, oppose, resist: dayawe
báłe ‰T‫ ﺑﻪ‬yes dastdrezhî’y bikâtà sar bałâm kichá
bałen ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ـــ‬T‫ ﺑـــﻪ‬promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to barangâr’î dabetawa he wants to
violate her, but the girl resists him
make a promise to
barawa ‫( ﺑــــــﻪرﻩوﻩ‬impt. sing. of bûnawa)
bałga ‫ﮕﻪ‬T‫ ﺑﻪ‬document; proof
báłka ‫ﮑﻪ‬T‫ ﺑﻪ‬but, rather be … again
báłku ‫ﮑﻮ‬T‫ﺑﻪ‬, báłkû ‫ﮑﻮو‬T‫ ﺑﻪ‬maybe, perhaps
banakhun ‫ ﺑﻪﻧﻪﺧﻮن‬drawstring (trousers) baraw|zher ‫ـــــــﺮ‬¤‫ ﺑـــــــﻪرﻩوژ‬headed down;
banâ ‡‫ ﺑﻪ‬builder ~zhûr ‫ ﺑﻪرﻩوژوور‬headed up
banâwbâng ‫ــــــﮓ‬s¶‫ ﺑــــــﻪ‡و‬famous, well-
barâmbar ‫ـﻪر‬m‫ ﺑـﻪراﻣـ‬in the face of, against;
known
~ ba facing
band ‫ ﺑــﻪﻧــﺪ‬prison, dungeon; joint; magic
barâward-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺑــــــﻪراوﻩرد‬v.t. to
spell; dam; ~ hał-witin ba to say a
make a comparison
spell over; ~î ‫ ﺑـﻪﻧـﺪی‬prisoner; ~îkhâna
‫ ﺑﻪﻧﺪﳜﺎﻧﻪ‬prison barâz ‫ ﺑﻪراز‬boar
bandan ‫ ﺑﻪﻧﺪﻩن‬mountain barbîn ‫ ﺑـﻪرﺑـﲔ‬base of the throat; ~-girtin
bar ‫ ﺑــــــﻪر‬chest, breast; fore; ~ la before,
to grab by the throat
pre-; ~-bûn v.i. to get free; ~-bûnawa
v.i. to fall; ~-dân v.t. to set free; ~- barchâw ‫ ﺑﻪر¸ﺎو‬see châw
girtin v.t. to cover, obscure: hawrèk i bard ‫ ﺑــﻪرد‬stone: dawr i ~ the Stone Age;
rash bar i âsmânî girt a black cloud
obscured the sky; ~-kirdin v.t. to put wirda~ ‫ وردﻩﺑــــــﻪرد‬pebble, small stone;
on, wear; ~dam front; la ~ for the ~ałânî ‫ﱏ‬Ÿ‫ ﺑﻪردﻩ‬rocky
bardast ‫ ﺑﻪردﻩﺳﺖ‬errand boy; available
bardawâm ‫ ﺑـﻪردﻩوام‬constant(ly), continu-

al(ly); ~-bûn v.i. to be persistent,

168

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

steady; ~bûn continuation, continu- tion
ance
bashka ‫ ﺑـﻪﺷـﮑـﻪ‬, bashkim ‫ ﺑـﻪﺷـﲂ‬maybe,
bařewabar ‫ــﻮﻩﺑــﻪر‬l‫ ﺑــﻪڕ‬director, manager;
~âyatî ‫ـﻮﻩﺑـﻪراﯾـﻪﰏ‬l‫ ﺑـﻪڕ‬administration, di- perhaps

rectorate bashûdân ‫ ﺑﻪﺷﻮودان‬see under shû
basizmân ‫ ﺑﻪ¼ﻣﺎن‬poor, unfortunate
bařez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﺑﻪڕ‬see rez ba‘sî ‫ ﺑــــﻪﻋــــﴗ‬Baathist, member of Sad-
barg ‫ ﺑــــــــﻪرگ‬clothes; cover; da ~ girtin
dam Hussein’s ruling party in Iraq
v.t. to wrap in a cover; ~dirû ‫ﺑــﻪرﮔــﺪروو‬
bastazmân ‫ﺘﻪزﻣﺎن‬8‫ ﺑﻪﺳ‬poor, wretched
tailor bast|in ‫ ﺑــﻪﺳــﱳ‬bast- ‫ ﺑــﻪﺳــﺖ‬v.t. to tie, to

barga ‫ ﺑــﻪرﮔــﻪ‬power, ability; ~-girtin v.t. freeze; ~rân ‫ ﺑــﻪﺳــﱰان‬bastre- ‫ﺑــﻪﺳــﱰێ‬

to resist v.p. to be tied, frozen: la tirsân zibânî
bastrâ his tongue was frozen from
barhałist ‫ﺴﺖ‬T‫ ﺑﻪرﻫﻪ‬obstacle
barham ‫ ﺑــﻪرﻫــﻪم‬fruit, produce; ~-henân fear; ~rânawa ‫ ﺑـﻪﺳـﱰاﻧـﻪوﻩ‬v.p. to be tied

v.t. to bear fruit, be productive; ~he- up: la hamû lâyèkawa asp bastrâwa-
tawa horses were tied up on every
nar ‫ﻨﻪر‬²¹‫ ﺑﻪرﻫﻪ‬productive side
barîk ‫ﮏ‬a‫ ﺑﻪر‬pocket
Barîtânyâ ‫ ﺑﻪرﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬Britain batâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ ﺑـﻪ‬over, finished; empty; invalid,
barkh ‫ ﺑﻪرخ‬lamb
barkosh ‫ ﺑﻪرﮐﯚش‬apron, smock unemployed: brâyèkim batâła one of
barnâma ‫ ﺑﻪر‡ﻣﻪ‬program my brothers is out of work; ~-bûn v.i.
barok ‫ ﺑــــــــﻪرۆک‬collar; ~-bar-dân v.t. to to be over, come to an end; ~-kirdin
v.t. to stop, cease: har nîwařo batâł-
leave alone, stop pestering; ~-girtin mân kird we stopped just at noon; ~î
v.t. to pester
‫ﻰ‬Tc‫ ﺑﻪ‬idleness
barpirs ‫ـﺮس‬º‫ ﺑـﻪر‬responsible, in authority; batâqî-kirdinawa ‫ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ‬B ‫ﰵ‬c‫ ﺑـﻪ‬v.t. to in-
~yâr ‫ﻴﺎر‬8‫ﺮﺳ‬º‫ ﺑﻪر‬responsible
vestigate
barqâsâ ‫ ﺑــﻪرﻗــﺎﺳــﺎ‬with the speed of light-
bayânî ‫ﱏ‬p‫ ﺑﻪ‬morning
ning baybûn ‫ ﺑﻪﯾﺒﻮون‬camomile
bayn ‫ــــﻦ‬a‫ ﺑــــﻪ‬midst; la ~ i …dâ between,
barz ‫ ﺑـــﻪرز‬high, tall, loud: ba dang i ~ in
a loud voice; ~ape ‰Š‫ ﺑـــﻪرزﻩﭘـــ‬standing, among: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time, un-
upright; ~âî ‫ ﺑــــﻪرزاﰃ‬highness, tallness; der those circumstances; pâsh ~èk

high place ‫ـ´ـﮏ‬À‫ ﭘـﺎش ﺑـﻪﯾـ‬after a while; ~annahren
(‫ﻦ‬a‫ﳯﺮ‬¢‫ﻦ )ﺑﲔ ا‬¤‫ ﺑﻪﯾﻨﻪﻧﻨﻪﻫﺮ‬Mesopotamia
barzhawandî ‫ ﺑﻪرژﻩوﻩﻧﺪی‬interests bazaî ‫ ﺑـــﻪزﻩﰃ‬compassion: bazaî’m pe’dâ
barzwulâkh ‫ ﺑﻪرزووﻻخ‬horse
bas ‫ ﺑﻪس‬enough hât I felt sorry for him
basarhât ‫ ﺑﻪﺳﻪرﻫﺎت‬adventure
basâłâchû ‫ﭼﻮو‬Ÿ‫ ﺑﻪﺳﺎ‬aged bazh ‫ ﺑﻪژ‬dry land (opp. to sea)
basâm ‫ ﺑﻪﺳﺎم‬frightening, terrible bazîn v.i. ‫ـــﻦ‬a‫ ﺑـــﻪز‬to go/come down; dâ-~
bash ‫ ﺑـــــــﻪش‬section, share; omen; ~ i …
to get off, down
kirdin v.t. to suffice for …; ~akher
bâ1 ¶ hortatory particle (+ subj): bâ
‫ـﺮ‬Œ‫ـ‬L‫ ﺑـﻪﺷـﻪ‬handout, charity; ~-kirdin v.t.
biroyn c’mon, let’s go
to be enough: aw toza bashim nâkâ
that little bit is not enough for me; bâ2 ¶ wind; ~-dân for the wind to blow;
~gař ‫ ¶ﮔـــــــﻪڕ‬whirlwind; ~hoz ‫¶ﻫـــــــﯚز‬
~dâr ‫ ﺑــﻪﺷــﺪار‬participant; ~dârbûn ‫ﺑــﻪ‬
‫ ﺷـــﺪارﺑـــﻮون‬participation; ~dârî-kirdin whirlwind
v.t. to participate; ~ko ‫ ﺑـﻪﺷـﮑـﯚ‬corpora-
bâb ‫ ¶ب‬father
Bâb i ‘Âlî ‫ ¶ﰉ `ـﺎﱃ‬the Sublime Porte, of-

fice of the grand vizier of the Otto-

169

SORANI KURDISH

man Empire bâr2 ‫ ¶ر‬load, burden; manner: pewîst-a

bâbat ‫¶ﺑـــﻪت‬: la ~…awa about, concern- aw bârá rûn bikretawa ka khwenakáy
tedâ rizhâwa it is necessary for the
ing: la ~ minawa adwân they were

talking about me; (2) worthy: ama ~ i manner in which his blood was shed

to niya this is not worthy of you to be made clear; ~ dâ-girtin v.t. to
pack one’s bags; to unload; ~henân
bâfîn ‫ ¶ﻓﲔ‬v.t. to weave upbringing; la ~ i for, for the sake of;
bâho ‫ ¶ﻫـﯚ‬shoulders; ~dâr ‫ ¶ﻫـﯚدار‬strong,
powerful ~-kirdin v.t. to load; to decamp,

bâkh ‫ ¶خ‬garden, orchard; ~ i gishtî leave; ~nâma ‫ ¶ر‡ﻣـــــﻪ‬bill of lading; ~
park; ~cha ‫ﻪ‬Â‫ ¶ﺧ‬garden
râst-kirdinawa to set straight a
bâkhał ‫ــﻪڵ‬L¶ breast, armpit, embrace; ~î crooked load, (meta.) to help some-
‫ــــﯽ‬T‫ــــﻪ‬L¶ breast, pocket (adj.): daftar i one out, come to someone’s aid: zor

bâkhałî pocket notebook le-qawmâw bûm, kâkim bârî râst
kirdimawa I was in bad straits, but
bâł ‫ ¶ڵ‬arm, wing; ~dâr ‫ﺪار‬T¶ bird my brother helped me out; ~ u dokh
bâłâ Ÿ¶ height, stature; ~-kirdin v.t. to
‫ ¶رودۆخ‬burden; situation
get tall; ~barz ‫ﺑــــــــــﻪرز‬Ÿ¶ tall, elegant; bâr- ‫ ¶ر‬pres. stem of bârîn
~nwen ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ﻧـــﻮ‬Ÿ¶ something that shows bâra ‫ ¶رﻩ‬time: dû ~ hâtawa he came

the figure: âwena i bâłânwen full- back twice; (2) power: am kâr a
length mirror girâná la ~ i minâ niya this heavy

bâlândîda ‫¶ﻻﻧـﺪﯾـﺪﻩ‬: gurg i ~ experienced,
worldly labor is not within my power; dar~ i
about, concerning; la ~ i …(awa)
bâłdâr ‫ﺪار‬T¶ bird about, concerning
bâłinda ‫ﻨﺪﻩ‬T¶ bird
bâłisht ‫ﺸﺖ‬T¶ pillow bâragâ ‫ = ¶رﻩﮔﺎ‬bârgâ
bâłîn ‫ﲔ‬T¶ pillow bârân ‫ ¶ران‬rain; ~din bâren- v.t. to rain,
bâlora ‫ ¶ﻟﯚرﻩ‬a Kurdish verse form
bâłwez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ﻮ‬T¶ ambassador shower; dâ-~ to rain down
bâm la …awa be / ‫ـﻪوﻩ‬... v ‫ ¶م‬aside
bârga ‫ ¶رﮔـﻪ‬baggage, paraphernalia; ~chî
from, not to mention ‫ ¶رﮔﻪﭼﯽ‬caravan leader

bân ‫ ¶ن‬roof; steppe; ~èka u dû hawâ bârgâ ‫ ¶رﮔﺎ‬king’s court; headquarters
bârist ‫¶رﺳﺖ‬, ~âî ‫ﺘﺎﰃ‬8‫ ¶رﺳ‬size, volume
there’s a double standard bârîn ‫ـــــــﻦ‬a‫ ¶ر‬bâr- ‫ ¶ر‬v.i. to rain; dâ-~ to

bânamař ‫ ¶ﻧــــﻪﻣــــﻪڕ‬the month of Taurus rain down

(April 21– May 21) bâřût ‫ ¶ڕووت‬gunpowder
bâs ‫ ¶س‬discussion; ~-kirdin v.t. to dis-
bâng ‫ــــــــﮓ‬s¶ cry, shout; ~-kirdin v.t. to
call, summon, invite; ~heshtin invita- cuss
tion; ~-heshtin-kirdin bo v.t. to in-
vite: dabe bângheshtinèk’it bo bikam bâsh ‫ ¶ش‬good: rozh ~ good day; da ~a
bo mâława I must invite you to my
that’s enough!
home; ~awâz ‫ـــﮕـــﻪواز‬s¶ a cry for help,
bâsik ‫ ¶ﺳﮏ‬upper arm
request for assistance; ~awâz-kirdin bâtînî ‫ ¶ﺗـــ›ـــﲎ‬occult; châw i ~ inner eye,

sixth sense, the ability to see hidden

v.t. to ask for assistance things

bânîzha ‫ﻩ‬Ã‫ ¶ﻧ‬small roof bâw-bûn ‫ ¶و ﺑــﻮون‬v.i. to become current,
bâp ‫ = ¶پ‬bâb
bâpîr ‫ ¶ﭘﲑ‬grandfather customary
bâr1 ‫ ¶ر‬time, instance (= jâr)
bâwař ‫ ¶وﻩڕ‬belief; ~-kirdin v.t. to be-

lieve

170

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

bâwash ‫ ¶وﻩش‬bosom, embrace: hałim- Farhad legendarily carved the moun-

girt ba ~imawa I grabbed him in my tain for Shirin

arms; ~-kirdin ba …’dâ v.t. to em- betâqat ‫ــﺎﻗــﻪت‬µ‫ــ‬Œ‫ ﺑــ‬anxious, unable to en-
brace: bâwash’y pe’dâ kird she em- dure; ~-kirdin v.t. to make anxious:

braced him yâd i bâwkî zor betâqatî kird the
memory of his father made him very
bâwazhin ‫ ¶وﻩژن‬stepmother anxious
bâwâ ‫ ¶وا‬grandfather
bâwik ‫ ¶وک‬father betâwân ‫ـﺎوان‬µ‫ـ‬Œ‫ ﺑـ‬innocent; ~î ‫ـﺎواﱏ‬µ‫ـ‬Œ‫ ﺑـ‬inno-
bâwishk-dân ‫ ¶وﺷﮏ دان‬v.t. to yawn
bây ‫ ¶ی‬price, worth cence
bâyakh ‫ ¶ﯾــــﻪخ‬worth, value; ~-dân ba to
bewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬widow; ~zhin ‫ﻮﻩژن‬²‫ ﺑ‬widow
attach value to, to pay attention to: bez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬condescension
hîch bâyakhe ba qsakám nâdâ he bezh- ‫ﮋ‬Œ‫ = ﺑ‬biwezh-
doesn’t pay any attention to what I bezha ‫ﮋﻩ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬literature
say bezhân ‫ﮋان‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬bezhe- ‫ﮋێ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬v.t. to sift
bibiřây ‫ای‬É‫ ﺑــــــــــــ‬never: ~ ~ nâchimawa
bâyqûsh ‫ ¶ﯾﻘﻮوش‬owl
bâz ‫ ¶ز‬hawk, falcon; ~gardân ‫¶زﮔــــــﻪردان‬ gund I’ll never ever go back to the
village
hawking, making a hawk fly (method
bibû ‫( ﺑـــــﺒـــــﻮو‬past perf. of bûn) s/he had
of choosing a new king in folktales) been: dawlat a khâwanqudratakân i
dîka ka la shař’dâ peroz bibûn the
bâz-dân la v ‫ ¶ز دان‬v.t. to flee in haste
from, to run away in fear from other powerful states that had been
victorious in the war
bâzher ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ ¶ژ‬city, market
bâzig ‫ ¶زگ‬arm; dappled (horse) bichkoł ‫ﮑﯚڵ‬Ê little, small
bâzîband ‫ ¶زﯾﺒﻪﻧﺪ‬bracelet bichûk ‫ﻮوک‬Ê small, little
be / without (for most compounds in biłâw ‫و‬Ë‫ ﺑــــــ‬widespread; ~-kirdin v.t. to
be-, see following element; note that spread, publish, publicize; ~ kirdin-

there are a few be- compounds that do awa v.t. to broadcast, publish; ~a-
not occur without the prefix: they are
kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫وﻩ‬Ë‫ ﺑــــ‬v.t. to disperse, go
listed alphabetically); ba ~ awaî (+ away: khałk biłâwayân kird the peo-

subj.) without: ba be awaî biybînim ple dispersed
without my seeing it
be- = biye-, subj. of hâtin biłbił Ç‫ﺒ‬k‫ ﺑ‬nightingale
biłesa ‫ﺴﻪ‬Œk‫ ﺑ‬fiery
bechû ‫ﭽﻮو‬²‫ ﺑ‬baby bilind ‫ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬high, exalted
bedaratân ‫ن‬c‫ﺪﻩرﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬poor, unfortunate biłîmat ‫ـ;ـﻤـﻪت‬k‫ ﺑـ‬genius, clever; ~î ‫ـ;ـﻤـﻪﰏ‬k‫ﺑـ‬
begâna ‫ﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬²‫ ﺑ‬stranger, foreigner
begâr ‫ﮕﺎر‬²‫ ﺑ‬waste of time cleverness
bejiga la v ‫ﺠﮕﻪ‬²‫ ﺑ‬except for
bekanâr ‫ﮑﻪ‡ر‬²‫ ﺑ‬limitless, shoreless bilwer ‫ـﺮ‬¤‫ ﺑـﻠـﻮ‬reed flute; ~ le-dân to play
beł- Ç‫ ﺑﻴ‬subj. of heshtin, for bíheł-
ben- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬subj. of henân, for bíhen- the flute
benzhîn ‫ﻦ‬aȲ‫ ﺑ‬v.i. to sneeze
besar-u-shwen ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ــﺴــﻪروﺷــﻮ‬Œ‫ ﺑــ‬homeless, bin ‫ –ــﻦ‬bottom; ~amâł(a) ‫ ﺑــﻨــﻪﻣــﺎڵ‬family;
~jor ‫ ﺑــﻨــﺠــﯚر‬curious, inquisitive; ~jorî
destitute ‫ ﺑـﻨـﺠـﯚری‬curiosity; ~mil ‫ـﻤـﻞ‬ž‫ ﺑـ‬nape of the

beshik ‫ﺸﮏ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬thicket neck
Besitûn ‫ـﺘـﻮون‬8‫ـﺴ‬Œ‫ ﺑـ‬Behistun, the site where
bina ‫ ﺑﻨﻪ‬baggage, belongings
binâgha ‫ ﺑـﻨـﺎ™ـﻪ‬foundation; ~ dâ-rishtin to

lay a foundation

binâr ‫ ﺑﻨﺎر‬mountain skirt, foothill

171

SORANI KURDISH

binesht ‫ﺸﺖ‬Œ‫ ﺑﻨ‬chewing gum birîq|adâr ‫ –ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﻪدار‬shiny; ~ân ‫–ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﺎن‬
binj ‫ ﺑﻨﺞ‬root birîqe- ‰‫ –ﺮﯾﻘ‬v.i. to shine, to sparkle
binyâdam ‫;ﺎدﻩم‬À‫ ﺑ‬human
binyât ‫ـ;ـﺎت‬À‫ ﺑـ‬foundation; ~-nân v.t. to lay birîtî ‫ = –ﺮﯾﱴ‬biretî
biro ‫ –ﺮۆ‬eyebrow
a foundation, to construct birrân1 ‫ –ـــــــﺮران‬birre- ‫ –ـــــــﺮرێ‬passive of

biř g‫ –ـــــ‬bit: biřèk âw’im da give me a bit birdin in all senses; la nâw ~ to be

of water; (2) piece (of wood): dû biř done away with

dâr bena bring two sticks of wood; biřrân2 ‫ران‬g‫ –ــــــ‬biřre- ‫رێ‬g‫( –ــــــ‬passive of

(3) group: tûsh i biř a pyâwe bûm I biřîn) (1) to be cut: ba tawir dâraká

met a group of men; (4) power, biřrâ the tree was cut with an ax; (2)

strength; ~-dân v.t. to flow: am rûbâ- to be finished, to be no more: nânmân

ra biř nâdâ this river doesn’t flow; ~- la mâł biřrâ there is no more food in

kirdin v.t. to have strength: biř nâ- our house; ~awa to cease: tâwe bârân

kam l’ am kefá sar kawim I can’t nábiř-râyawa the rain didn’t cease for

make it to the top of this mountain; to a time; dâ-~ to cut off; hał-~ la to

be effective: tâ châw ~-kât as far as part from, get separated from: la dos-

the eye can see; ~ le-dân v.t. to shuf- takáy hałbiřrâ he parted from his
friend
fle (cards); tař u ~ g‫ــــ‬º‫ ﺗــــﻪڕو‬drenched:
birs|ân ‫ –ـﺮﺳـﺎن‬hunger; ~iyatî ‫ـﻴـﻪﰏ‬8‫ –ـﺮﺳـ‬hun-
kirâsakám tař u biř a my shirt’s ger; ~î ‫ –ـﺮﳻ‬hungry: birsîma I’m hun-
drenched; la ~ altogether: bar i am

gwezá la biř chand a? how much gry
does this walnut tree produce alto-
gether? birwâ ‫ –ـــﺮوا‬belief; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to be-

biraw ‫ –ـــــﺮﻩو‬popularity; ~ paydâ-kirdin lieve in; (2) permission; ~-dân v.t. to
allow, let: diłim biřwâ nâdât châwim
v.t. to be popular ba minâłî bikawe I don’t have the
heart to look at his child; ~nâma
birâ ‫ –ﺮا‬brother; ~yâna ‫ﻧﻪ‬p‫ –ﺮا‬brotherly
biřân ‫ان‬g–. See biřrân. ‫ –ﺮوا‡ﻣﻪ‬diploma
birdin ‫ –ــــﺮدن‬ba- ‫( ﺑــــﻪ‬v.t., 3rd sing. pres. biryâ p‫ –ـــــﺮ‬would that (+ past condition-

dabâ(t); impt. sing. (bi)bara) to take, al): ~ aw kâráy nakirdibâya would
that he hadn’t done that
carry; ~à sar ‫ –ـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر‬to spend (time):
biřyâr ‫ر‬pg‫ –ـــــــ‬decision; ~-dân v.t. to de-
am shawá l’era bibaynà sar let’s
spend tonight here; dar-~ to endure cide; ~-nân v.t. to decide; la ~
henânà khwârawa to make one
biretî la v ‫ﱴ‬l‫ –ﺮ‬consisting of change one’s mind: hîch shitèk la
birinj ‫ –ﺮﱋ‬uncooked rice biřyâr i khoy nayhenâyà khwârawa
birinja ‫ –ﺮﳒﻪ‬copper nothing could make him change his
biřisht ‫ﺷـﺖ‬g‫ –ـ‬fertile ground; power, abil- mind

ity birzhân ‫ –ــــــﺮژان‬birzhe- ‫ –ــــــﺮژێ‬v.i. to be

biřist ‫ﺳﺖ‬g– power roasted
birîn ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ –ـﺮ‬wound; ~dâr ‫ –ـﺮﯾـﻨـﺪار‬wounded;
birzhândin ‫ –ـﺮژاﻧـﺪن‬birzhen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ –ـﺮژ‬v.t. to
~pech ‫´ﭻ‬Î‫ –ﺮﯾﻨ‬nurse
biřîn ‫ـﻦ‬ag‫ –ـ‬biř- g‫ –ـ‬v.t. to cut; dar-~ to dis- roast

close, reveal; châw-~ la to be hopeful birzhâng ‫ﮓ‬s‫ –ﺮژا‬eyelash
of; qsa pe-~ to interrupt: ba tundî bitâqa ‫ ﺑﺘﺎﻗﻪ‬ticket
qsakám pe biřî u gutim I quickly biv ‫ ﺑﭫ‬buzz
interrupted him and said biwe ‫( ﺑـﻮێ‬pres. subj. of wîstin, with pro-

172

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

nominal affix, e.g., -im biwe) bîs- ‫ ﺑ›ﺲ‬pres. stem of bîstin
bîst ‫ ﺑ›ﺴﺖ‬twenty
biyânû ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮو‬pretext bîstin ‫ ﺑ›ﺴﱳ‬bîs- ‫ ﺑ›ﺲ‬v.t. to hear
biza ‫ –ﺰﻩ‬laugh, laughter bîstrân ‫ ﺑـ›ـﺴـﱰان‬bîstre- ‫ ﺑـ›ـﺴـﱰێ‬v.p. to be
bizâwtin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ –ﺰاو‬bizâw- ‫ –ﺰاو‬v.t. to shake
bizhâr-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ –ــﮋار‬v.t. to weed out, heard

eradicate bo ‫ ﺑــــــــــــﯚ‬to, for; why?, what for?; ~ chi

bizhârdin ‫ –ـﮋاردن‬bizher- ‫ـﺮ‬¤‫ –ـﮋ‬v.t. to weed why?, what for?; ~ awaî (+ subj.) in

out, eradicate; hał-~ to select, choose order that

bizhîw ‫ –ﮋﯾﻮ‬substance bo-chûn ‫ ﺑــﯚﭼــﻮون‬v.i. to think, to have an
bizin ‫ –ﺰن‬goat
bizirk|ân ‫ –ـﺰرﰷن‬bizirke- ‰‫ –ـﺰرﮐـ‬v.t. to lose; opinion; bochûn opinion
rang hał-~ân to lose color, grow
boga ‫ ﺑـﯚﮔـﻪ‬malodorous plants that animals
pale; rang-hał~âw ‫ــﱫرﰷو‬T‫ــﮕــﻬــﻪ‬s‫ رﻩ‬pale, will not eat

“white as a sheet” (with fright) bokho ‫ ﺑﯚﺧﯚ‬selfish; ~î selfishness
bołaboł ‫ﻪﺑﯚڵ‬T‫ ﺑﯚ‬roaring, rumbling
bizmâr ‫ –ـﺰﻣـﺎر‬nail; ~-kirdin v.t. to nail; ~- bon ‫ ﺑـــﯚن‬smell; ~-kirdin v.t. to smell, to
krân v.p. to be nailed smell bad, to stink
bizûtin ‫ـــﻦ‬Ž‫ –ـــﺰوو‬bizû- ‫ –ـــﺰوو‬v.i. to move, bona ‫ ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪ‬cause, pretext; ba ~ i …awa on
budge, stir the occasion of

bizw|ân ‫ –ـــﺰوان‬bizwe- ‫ –ـــﺰوێ‬v.i. to shake bor ‫ ﺑﯚر‬gray
(int.), quiver; ~ândin ‫ –ــﺰواﻧــﺪن‬bizwen- boř1 ‫ ﺑﯚڕ‬wave; ~-khwârdin v.t. to swell
‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ –ـﺰو‬v.t. to shake (trs.); ~enar ‫ـﻨـﻪر‬l‫–ـﺰو‬ boř2 ‫ ﺑــــــﯚڕ‬loss (at a game); ~-khwârdin
quivering, tremulous v.t. to lose (game): bořit khwârd you
lost; ~-dân v.t. to beat (at a game):
bizwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ –ﺰو‬vowel bořim dây(t) I beat you
bîbila ƒ‫ـ‬m‫ﺑـ›ـ‬, bîbîla ƒ‫ـ;ـ‬Ò‫ ﺑـﻴـ‬pupil (of the eye):
bora ‫ ﺑـــــــــــــﯚرﻩ‬ignoble; fallow, infertile;
la bîbila i châwî pitir khosh dawîst he ~pyâg ‫ ﺑـﯚرﻩﭘـﻴـﺎگ‬common peron, person
was the apple of his eye
of no name or consequence
bîn ‫ ﺑـــﲔ‬breath; ~-keshân v.t. to hold the
breath; ~akeshî ‫ـﺸـﯽ‬Œ‫ـﻪﮐـ‬ž‫ ﺑـ›ـ‬holding the borân ‫ ﺑﯚران‬storm
bořân ‫ ﺑــﯚڕان‬mooing of cows; bleating of
breath
sheep
bînar ‫ﻪر‬ž›‫ ﺑ‬viewer
bîndrân ‫ـﺪران‬ž‫ ﺑـ›ـ‬bîndre- ‫ـﺪرێ‬ž‫ ﺑـ›ـ‬v.p. to be bosh ‫ ﺑﯚش‬empty
bota ‫ = ﺑﯚﺗﻪ‬bûwata. See bûn.
seen bóya ‫ ﺑﯚﯾﻪ‬for that reason
boyâkh ‫خ‬p‫ ﺑﯚ‬shoe polish
bînîn ‫ــﲔ‬À‫ ﺑــﻴــ‬bîn- ‫ ﺑــﲔ‬v.t. to see (see also boynbâgh ‫ﺎغ‬mÀ‫ ﺑﯚﯾ‬necktie
brâ ‫ = –ﺮا‬birâ
dîn) Brîtânyâ ‫ –ـــﺮﯾـــﺘـــﺎﻧـــﻴـــﺎ‬Britain; ~ yi Kabîr

bîr1 ‫ ﺑـﲑ‬memory, mind; ~-kirdin(awa) la ‫ –ﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎی ﮐﻪﺑﲑ‬Great Britain
bukhcha ‫ﻪ‬Â‫ ﺑﻮﺧ‬bundle
to think of; ba ~’dâ hâtin to remem- bukhtân ‫ـﺎن‬µ‫ ﺑـﻮﺧـ‬slander; ~-kirdin ba v.t.
ber: wâm ba bîr’dâ hât ka… I remem-
bered that…; ba ~ henânawa to re-
mind; la ~ bûn to remember: awânim
la bîrin I remember them; la ~ chûn

to forget; la ~ mân to remain in the to slander; ~-rek-khistin bo v.t. to
make up slander about: ~èk i gawra’y
memory; ~henânawa ‫ــﻨــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩ‬²‫ ﺑــﲑﻫــ‬re- bo kichaká rek-khist he made up great
minder; ~urâ ‫ ﺑــﲑوڕا‬thinking (darbâra
i about) slander about the girl

bîr2 ‫ ﺑﲑ‬water well bulbul ‫ ﺑﻮﻟﺒﻮل‬nightingale

173

SORANI KURDISH

buwârdin ‫ = ﺑﻮواردن‬bwârdin chanachan-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ¸ــﻪﻧــﻪ¸ــﻪن‬v.t. to
bûchik ‫ ﺑﻮو¸ﮏ‬little, small
bûk ‫ ﺑﻮوک‬bride; doll, puppet talk at length, chatter
bûł ‫ ﺑﻮوڵ‬ashes
bûmalarza ‫رزﻩ‬v‫ ﺑﻮوﻣﻪ‬earthquake chanâga ‫ ¸ﻪ‡ﮔﻪ‬chin
bûn ‫ ﺑـــــﻮون‬b- (v.i., past perf. bibû) to be, chand ‫ ¸ـــــﻪﻧـــــﺪ‬how much?, how many?

(usually followed by indef. sing.): ~
rozhèk how many days?; few, several:

to become, to happen: agar bet u (+ aw chand rozhá those few days
subj) if it should happen that…; ~awa
to be repeated, happen again: …èk chap ‫ ¸ﻪپ‬left: dast i ~ left hand
nabetawa a unique …; ~awa la to be chapał ‫ ¸ﻪﭘﻪڵ‬filthy; ~î filth
done with, be finished with; ~ ba to chapła ‫ـﻪ‬k‫ ¸ـﻪﭘـ‬applause; ~-ledân bo v.t. to

applaud for: khałk chapła’yân bo ledâ

become: aw bû ba pâshâ he became the people applauded for him; ~rezân

king; ~ u na~ to be almost, not to applause
quite be: bayânî rozh bûwa u nabûwa
in the morning when it was not quite chapok ‫ ¸ــﻪﭘــﯚک‬slap; ~-keshân ba sar i
daylight; (d)ábe(t) (+ subj.) must:
dabe royshtibe he must have gone … v.t. to slap on the head

bûř ‫ = ﺑﻮوڕ‬bûł chaqân ‫ ¸ـﻪﻗـﺎن‬chaqe- Õ‫ ¸ـﻪ‬v.i. to sink to/
bûrdin ‫ ﺑـــﻮوردن‬bûr- ‫ ﺑـــﻮور‬v.t. to forgive:
into the ground: rîshakân chaqân the
bímbûra excuse me
roots sank into the earth; ~din ‫¸ـﻪﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن‬
bûzhân ‫ ﺑــﻮوژان‬bûzhe- ‫ﺑــﻮوژێ‬v.t. to grow, chaqen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ¸ـــﻪﻗـــ‬v.t. to stick into the

sprout; ~awa to flourish, enjoy life ground: nezay da zawî chaqând he
stuck his lance into the ground; hał-
bwâra ‫ ﺑﻮارﻩ‬front (military) ~din da to scratch: diřkekî te hałcha-
bwârdin ‫ ﺑـــﻮاردن‬bwer- ‫ـــﺮ‬¤‫ ﺑـــﻮ‬v.t. to pass qândim a thorn scratched me

(time); râ-~ to spend (time): khosh- chaqîn ‫ = ¸ﻪﻗﲔ‬chaqân
mân râbwârd we had a good time; chaqo ‫ ¸ﻪﻗﯚ‬knife
khosh’î râbwârdûa he enjoyed life; chařchařa ‫ ¸ﻪڕ¸ﻪڕﻩ‬crank
mâwayèk râbwârd a period of time charkh ‫ ¸ــــــــﻪرخ‬wheel; cigarette lighter;
passed
century; ~-u-khul ‫ ¸ــــﻪرخ و ﺧــــﻮل‬twist
byânî ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﱏ‬foreign
and turn
chak ‫ ¸ــــــــــــــﻪک‬weapon, arms; ~badast
armed; ba ~awa ‫ ﺑـﻪ¸ـﻪﮐـﻪوﻩ‬armed; be~ charmasare ‫ ¸ـﻪرﻣـﻪﺳـﻪرێ‬suffering, hard-

ship

chashma ‫ ¸ﻪﴰﻪ‬sleight-of-hand trick
chashn ‫ ¸ــﻪﺷــﻦ‬sort, type; manner: b’ am
unarmed chashná in this way; hama~a of
every sort, miscellaneous
chakhmâkh ‫ ¸ﻪﺧﲈخ‬flint, lighter
chakma ‫ ¸ﻪﳈﻪ‬boot chata ‫ ¸ﻪﺗﻪ‬highway robber
chakush ‫ﻮش‬B‫ ¸ﻪ‬hammer chatâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ ¸ـــــــــﻪ‬fork; a wooden or metal
chal ‫ ¸ﻪل‬time; galèk ~ân many times
chałama ‫ـﻪﻣـﻪ‬T‫ ¸ـﻪ‬quandry, dilemma: tang fork on which a gun is set for stability

u ~ i awa’m kawtà bar I was caught chaw1 ‫ ¸ﻪو‬gravel, sand
in a real dilemma chaw2 ‫ = ¸ﻪو‬châw
chawr ‫ ¸ـــــــــــــﻪور‬grease; ~-kirdin v.t. to
cham ‫ ¸ﻪم‬river, stream
cham|ândin ‫ ¸ـﻪﻣـﺎﻧـﺪن‬chamen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ¸ـﻪﻣـ‬v.t. grease, slick down

to bend, curve; ~înawa ‫ ¸ـﻪﻣـ;ـﻨـﻪوﻩ‬v.i. to chaws|ân ‫ ¸ـﻪوﺳـﺎن‬chawse- ‰‫ ¸ـﻪوﺳـ‬v.i. to
suffer; ~ândin ‫ ¸ـــﻪوﺳـــﺎﻧـــﺪن‬chawsen-
bend over, bow ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ¸ـــﻪوﺳـــ‬v.t. to torment; ~ândinawa

174

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

‫ ¸ﻪوﺳﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩ‬torture, torment, tyranny wit pe hałdene she is envious of you;
châ ‫ ¸ﺎ‬well ~-hał-takândin v.t. to motion with
châdir ‫ ¸ﺎدر‬tent the eye and eyebrow; ~-lek-nân v.t.
châk ‫ ¸ـــــﺎک‬good; ~-bûnawa to recover; to close the eyes; ~-qûchândin v.t. to
close the eyes; ~-spî-kirdin v.t. to
~-kirdin to make good, fix, restore;

~a good deed; la ~a darchûn to re- make someone weep (over a death):

pay a kindness: tâ mâwim la châkat châwit spî da-kam “you’ll be sorry

darnâchim as long as I live I’ll never when I’m dead”; bar~ kawtin to be

be able to repay your kindness; ~kir- seen, spotted: pařèk i jwân’î barchâw
kawt he spotted a beautiful feather; la
dinawa ‫ﺮدﻧﻪوﻩ‬B‫ ¸ﺎک‬improvement bar ~ bûn to be clear, obvious
châkata ‫ ¸˜ﮐﻪﺗﻪ‬jacket
châł ‫ ¸ــــــﺎڵ‬pit: har kas ~e bo khałkî hał- châwa ‫ ¸ﺎوﻩ‬spring
châwaře ‫ ¸ـــــﺎوﻩڕێ‬expectant, waiting; ~-
kane, bo khoy te dakawe he who digs
a pit for another falls into it (“hoisted kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ¸ــﺎوﻩڕێ‬v.t. to wait for: ba

on his own pitard”); ~âw ‫و‬Ÿ‫ ¸ﺎ‬well je’m hesht ba be awaî châwaře i bâqî
châlâk ‫ ¸ــــــــــــﺎﻻک‬nimble, quick; useful; i pârakám bikam I left him without
waiting for my change
right; ~î ‫ ¸ﺎﻻﰽ‬effort, effectiveness
châłma ‫ﻤﻪ‬T‫ ¸ﺎ‬tobacco pouch; alarm clock châwařwân-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ ¸ـــﺎوﻩڕوان‬v.t. to
chândin ‫ ¸ﺎﻧﺪن‬chen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ¸ v.t. to plant
châp ‫ ¸ـﺎپ‬printing; ~khâna ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪ‬Ø‫ ¸ـﺎﭘـ‬print- wait for

ing house, publishing house; la ~ châwařwânî ‫ ¸ﺎوﻩڕواﱏ‬expectation
drân v.p. to be printed châwbałak ‫ــﻪک‬T‫ ¸ــﺎوﺑــﻪ‬person with black

châr ‫ = ¸ﺎر‬châra eyes and white skin
châra ‫ ¸ـﺎرﻩ‬help, remedy; be~ ‫ـﺎرﻩ‬Â‫ـ‬²‫ ﺑـ‬help-
châwbast ‫ ¸ﺎوﺑﻪﺳﺖ‬blindfold, deception
less; ~-kirdin v.t. to remedy; ~sar châwchinok ‫ﯚک‬ž‫ ¸ﺎوﭼ‬miserly, stingy
châwenî ‫ﲎ‬l‫ ¸ﺎو‬evil eye
‫ ¸ـــﺎرﻩﺳـــﻪر‬remedy; ~sar-kirdin v.t. to châwga ‫ ¸ﺎوﮔﻪ‬view, scenery
châwîlka ‫ ¸ﺎوﯾﻠﮑﻪ‬eyeglasses
remedy châwlabar ‫ﺑﻪر‬v‫ ¸ﺎو‬expectant
châwladwâ ‫دوا‬v‫ ¸ﺎو‬hopeful
chârak ‫ ¸ـﺎرﻩک‬quarter: ~ saâtèk a quarter châwpekawtin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ﮑﻪو‬²‫ ¸ﺎوﭘ‬interview
châwqâyim ‫ ¸ﺎوﻗﺎﱘ‬impudent, bold
of an hour châwrûnî ‫ ¸ـﺎورووﱏ‬good news, congratu-

châraka ‫ = ¸ﺎرﻩﮐﻪ‬chârok lations
châranûs ‫ ¸ﺎرﻩﻧﻮوس‬fate
chârok ‫ ¸ﺎرۆک‬woman’s shawl châwtârîk ‫ﮏ‬a‫ر‬c‫ ¸ﺎو‬pessimist
châw ‫ ¸ـــﺎو‬eye; expectation; ~ garm kir- châwtirsen ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ـﺮﺳـ‬Ž‫ ¸ـﺎو‬a lesson learned; ~-

din v.t. to take a nap; ~ kawtin ba v.i. kirdin v.t. to teach a lesson
to see: châwim pey dakawt I used to
see him; ~ sûr-kirdinawa la v.t. to châwyâr ‫ر‬p‫ ¸ﺎو‬watchman
glare at: kârakar châw’î le sûr kirdi- chây ‫ ¸ﺎی‬tea; ~khâna ‫ ¸ﺎﳜﺎﻧﻪ‬teahouse
mawa the servant glared at me; ~- che-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B ‰‫ ﭼــــــ‬v.t. to fix, make,
biřîn la v.t. to be hopeful of; ~-
gařândin v.t. to look around; ~-geřân build
= châw-gařândin; ~-hał-hâtin la v.i.
to approve of: châwim hałnâye la kâr chek, har ‫( ﻫـﻪر ﭼـ´ـﮏ‬for har chièk) every
i wâ nâhaq I don’t approve of such a
dishonest thing; ~-hał-henân ba v.t. thing
to envy, afflict with the evil eye: châ-
chen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ¸ pres. stem of chândin
chesht ‫ﺸﺖ‬Œ¸ lunch
chezh- ‫ﮋ‬Œ¸ pres. stem of chishtin

175

SORANI KURDISH

chi (1) ‫ چ‬what? (interrogative pronoun); chirpândin ‫ ﭼـﺮﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬chirpen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﭼـﺮﭘـ‬v.t. to

(2) that which (relative pronoun); (3) whisper
thing: chiyân nâbe they have noth-
ing; bo awaî ~ (+ subj.) in order that; chirt ‫ ﭼــﺮت‬noise, sound; ~a~ ‫ﭼــ ﺗﺮــﻪﭼــﺮت‬
chi…chi whether…or: chi râst u chi
commotion, uproar
diro whether right or wrong
chiryâ p‫ﭼــــــــــــﺮ‬: ~eke October; ~didwâ
chikân ‫ ﭼــــﲀن‬v.i. to drip; to dry up (of a November
well or spring); ~awa ‫ ﭼــــﲀﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to
chishtin ‫ ﭼــﺸــﱳ‬chezh- ‫ــﮋ‬Œ‫ ¸ــ‬v.t. to taste,
thicken (of liquids)
experience
chil ‫ ¸ﻞ‬forty
chił Ǹ branch, stalk chit ‫ ﭼﺖ‬thing (= shit)
chiłakân ‫ـﻪﰷن‬k‫ ¸ـ‬chiłake- ‰‫ـﻪﮐـ‬k‫ ¸ـ‬v.i.: dâ-~ chito ‫ﯚ‬µ‫ ﭼ‬how?
chî ‫ = ﭼﯽ‬chi
to be shocked; dâ-~din chiłaken- v.t. chîn ‫ ¸ــــﲔ‬generation; wrinkle; China; ~î
to shock; râ-~ v.i. to be shocked
‫ ﭼ;ﲎ‬Chinese
chiłkin ‫ﮑﻦ‬k¸ dirty, unclean; dark (cloud) chîř-bûnawa ‫ ﺑﻮوﻧﻪوﻩ‬ݸ v.i. to snarl
chilon ‫ ¸ـﻠـﯚن‬how: estâ dazânî rûdâwaká chîřok ‫ۆک‬Ý‫ ¸ـــــ‬story; ~vân ‫ـــــﻮان‬B‫ۆ‬Ý‫¸ـــــ‬

chilon bûwa now you know how the storyteller
event was
chîtir ‫ =( ﭼـ;ـﱰ‬hîch i tir): … nabe ~ niya
chimcha ‫ﻪ‬ÂÛ spoon
chinândin ‫ــﺎﻧــﺪن‬ž‫ ﭼــ‬chinen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ــ‬ž‫ ﭼــ‬v.t. to is nothing but …

mend, patch chok ‫ ﭼــــﯚک‬knee; ~ dâ-dân v.t. to kneel

ching ‫ﮓ‬ž‫ ﭼ‬claw, talon down
chingâł ‫ﮕﺎڵ‬ž‫ ﭼ‬fork
chinîn ‫ـــــﲔ‬ž‫ ﭼـــــ‬v.t. to weave; to reap; to choł ‫ ﭼـــــــﯚڵ‬desert, wilderness; ~-kirdin

pick (fruit); to pile up; hał-~ v.t. to v.t. to desert, vacate a place; ~awân(î)
pile up; tang ~ ba to hold tight; to
squeeze tightly; to squeeze the life of ‫ـﻪواﱏ‬T‫ ﭼـﯚ‬wilderness; ~parist ‫ـﭙـﻪرﺳـﺖ‬T‫ﭼـﯚ‬

out s.th. nomad, desert dweller

chipa u sirta ‫ﻪ و ﺗﴎﻪ‬Ü‫ ﭼ‬whispering chołaka ‫ﻪﮐﻪ‬T‫ ﭼﯚ‬sparrow
chipândin ‫ﺎﻧﺪن‬Ü‫ = ﭼ‬chirpândin chom ‫ ﭼﯚم‬river
chiř (1) g‫ ﭼـ‬dense (forest): dâristânèk i ~ chon ‫ ﭼـــــــﯚن‬how?: chonî how are you?;
what sort of: wara bitbînim chon pyâ-
a dense forest; (2) firm, unyielding: ~ wèkî come let me see what kind of
darpeya he’s standing firm; (3) steep:
man you are; ~èk ‫ــﮏ‬²‫ ﭼــﯚﻧــ‬somehow:

har chonèk be somehow or other; ~etî

‫ـﱴ‬Œ‫~ = ﭼـﯚﻧـ‬iyatî; ~iyatî ‫ ﭼـﯚﻧـﻴـﻪﰏ‬manner,

(+ inf.) how to: shaw u rozh la marâq

shâkhèk i ~ a steep mountain; (4) i chonetî i daskawtin i am kich i shâ i

song: ~e bichira sing a song; ~-dân parîâná’dâ bû day and night he was

to tie tight: ~î da bâ nakire-tawa tie it wondering how to get hold of this

tight so it won’t come loose; ~ u daughter of the king of the peris; ~ka
châw face: ~ u châwit bisho wash
your face ‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ ﭼﯚ‬because, since
chonar ‫ ﭼﯚﻧﻪر‬beet
chirâ ‫ ﭼﺮا‬lamp choqân ‫ ﭼـﯚﻗـﺎن‬choqe- Õ‫ ﭼـﯚ‬v.i. to sizzle;
chiřândin ‫اﻧـﺪن‬g‫ ﭼـ‬chiřen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤g‫ ﭼـ‬v.t. to rip,
to tremble; ~din ‫ ﭼـﯚﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن‬choqen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﭼـﯚﻗـ‬
tear; to call out to someone
v.t. to heat oil to the sizzling point; to
chirch ‫ ﭼــــﺮچ‬wrinkle: ~ hałhâtûa it’s all tremble

wrinkled choř ‫ ﭼـــﯚڕ‬drop, drip; ~ânawa ‫ﭼـــﯚڕاﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬
choře- ‫ ﭼـــــــــــﯚڕێ‬v.i. to drip, to fall in
chiřîn ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ ﭼ‬v.t. to sing

176

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

drops; ~âwga ‫ ﭼﯚڕاوﮔﻪ‬trickle of blood wirch ‫ﻪ ورچ‬T‫ دﻩ‬she-bear
chortka ‫ﮑﻪ‬Ž‫ ﭼﯚر‬abacus dalasa ‫ﺳﻪ‬v‫ دﻩ‬exaggeration
chotà ‫ = ﭼﯚﺗﻪ‬chûwatà. See chûn. dalâqa ‫ دﻩﻻﻗﻪ‬shelf, trap door
chukłaqulâp ‫ﻪﻗﻮﻻپ‬k‫ ﭼﻮﮐ‬fishing rod dalîl ‫ دﻩﻟﻴﻞ‬reason, reasoning
chúnka ‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ = ﭼﻮ‬chónka dam1 ‫ دﻩم‬moment; ba ~ …awa while,
churt ‫ ﭼﻮرت‬nap; ~-dân v.t. to take a nap
chûk ‫ ﭼـــــــــــﻮوک‬pinnacle of a mountain; during: ba ~ pekanînawa while laugh-
ing; ~e at once; ~èk-a/bû for a while,

foreskin; small, small amount: ~a zor damèk a/bû for a long time
tawizhmèk a little pressure; boundary
dam2 ‫ دﻩم‬mouth; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak;
chûn ‫ ﭼـــــــﻮون‬ch- v.i. to go; ~ ba to pass
~ kut-kirdin v.t. to silence, cut s.o.
(of time): baynèk’î pe chû some time off; ba ~awa girtin v.t. to mention,

passed (for him/her); min darom— speak of; la ~awa dâ-nân v.t. to give

chand rozhèk’im pe dache I’m go- birth to; la ~ dân v.t. to embarrass;
ing—I’ll be gone for a few days; ~ la
to look like: har la kuř a pâshâ’yân ~aqâłe ‰‫ـ‬T‫ دﻩﻣـﻪﻗـﺎ‬verbal quarrel; ~ataqe
dache he looks just like a prince to Õ‫ دﻩﻣـــــــــﻪﺗـــــــــﻪ‬dialogue, conversation;
them; dar-~ to turn out, come out; to ~pârâw ‫ـﺎراو‬Ü‫ دﻩﻣـ‬eloquent, well-spoken;
run off/away; te hał-~ to get started; ~qiře ‫ێ‬g‫ دﻩﻣــﻘــ‬verbal quarrel; ~tang ‫دﻩ‬
~à darawa to go out(side) ‫ـــﮓ‬s‫ـــﻪ‬µ‫ ﻣـــ‬narrow-necked; ba sar ~’dâ

chûnka ‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ = ﭼﻮو‬chonka face down; la bar~ i …(’dâ) in front
chûz ‫ ﭼــــــــــــﻮوز‬straight line; circle; line, of, before

queue dam3 ‫ دﻩم‬power; ~-u-dazgâ i dawłatî ‫دﻩم‬
‫ـﻪﰏ‬T‫ و دﻩزﮔـﺎى دﻩو‬state apparatus, govern-
chûza ‫ ﭼﻮوزﻩ‬stinger (insect) ment administration; ~-u-dû ‫دﻩم و دوو‬
chûzân ‫ ﭼــــــﻮوزان‬chûze- ‫ ﭼــــــﻮوزێ‬v.i. to
power of expression; cleverness
burn, sting (as sun-burned skin)
damałqopân ‫ــﻘــﯚﭘــﺎن‬T‫ دﻩﻣــﻪ‬baggy Kurdish
chwâr ‫ ﭼــــــﻮار‬four; ~am ‫ ﭼــــــﻮارﻩم‬fourth;
~mashqî ‫ ﭼـﻮارﻣـﻪﺷـﻘـﯽ‬crosslegged; ~pal trousers
‫ ﭼـﻮارﭘـﻪل‬quadruped; ~shamma ‫ﭼـﻮارﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ‬
Wednesday; ~shâna ‫ ﭼــﻮارﺷــﺎﻧــﻪ‬broad- damâr ‫ دﻩﻣـــــــﺎر‬vein, root: am bardá, da-

shouldered mârî la khâk’dâ ya this rock is firmly
rooted in the ground
chyâ ‫ ﭼ;ﺎ‬mountain
danâ ‡‫ دﻩ‬otherwise, if not
da1 ‫ دﻩ‬particle occurring with imperative dang ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ دﻩ‬sound, voice; vote; ~-dân v.t.
da2 ‫( دﻩ‬prep., with pre- or postposed
to vote; ~-dânawa v.t. to reverberate,
pronominal encl., te) in, into, on
echo; ~a~ ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ـﮕـﻪدﻩ‬s‫ دﻩ‬noise, outcry; be~
da3 ‫ دﻩ‬ten; ~ham ‫ دﻩﻫﻪم‬tenth ‫ﮓ‬s‫ﺪﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬silent; be~î ‫ﮕﯽ‬s‫ﺪﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬silence
da- ‫ دﻩ‬habitual and progressive verbal danûk ‫ دﻩﻧﻮوک‬bird’s beak
daqîqa ‫ دﻩﻗ;ﻘﻪ‬minute
prefix dar ‫ دﻩر‬out; ba ~awa out, outside; ~è
‫ دﻩرێ‬outside; hâtinà ~e v.i. to come
dabân ‫ دﻩ¶ن‬steel
dafr ‫ دﻩﻓﺮ‬pot out, turn out
dak ‫ دﻩک‬expletive of amazement
dakhîl ‫ دﻩﺧـ;ـﻞ‬one taken under protection; dar- ‫ دﻩر‬cmpd. vb. agent, see dar-birîn,

~itim ‫ دﻩﺧ;ﻠﱲ‬please, I beg you dar-chûn, dar-henân, dar-kawtin; ~-
dał ‫ دﻩڵ‬the female of many animals, kirdin v.t. to put out

she-; ~adew ‫ــــﻮ‬l‫ــــﻪد‬T‫ دﻩ‬she-demon; ~a- dara ‫ دﻩرﻩ‬valley; ~bag ‫ دﻩرﻩﺑــــــــﻪگ‬feudal
lord; ~bagî ‫ دﻩرﻩﺑـﻪﮔـﯽ‬feudal, feudal pe-

riod

177

SORANI KURDISH

daraja ‫ دﻩرﻩ•ﻪ‬rank, degree dasbaje ‰‫ﺒﻪﺟ‬8‫ = دﻩﺳ‬dastbaje
darakî ‫ دﻩرﻩﰽ‬estranged, foreigner, stran- dasht ‫ دﻩﺷـﺖ‬desert, plain; ~akî ‫ـﺘـﻪﰽ‬8‫دﻩﺷـ‬
ger; bûn ba ~ to be “out in the cold” villager
darâmat ‫ دﻩراﻣﻪت‬income dast ‫ دﻩﺳـــــــــﺖ‬hand, arm (verbal expres-
darbadar ‫ دﻩرﺑـــــﻪدﻩر‬homeless; ~î homel- sions involving dast are given below;
essness for all other compounds, see alphabet-
darbâra i ‫ دﻩر¶رﻩی‬about, concerning
darbâz ‫ ﺑﻪر¶ز‬delivered, saved ically); ba ~ henân v.t. to get, ac-
darbiřîn ‫ـﻦ‬ag‫ ﺑـﻪر–ـ‬confession, plain speak- quire; ba ~ gayshtin v.i. to come to
hand, to be received; ~ ba âw gayân-

ing din v.t. to go to the bath-room; ~ bar-
dar-chûn la qsa i … ‫ ﻗـﺴـﻪی‬v ‫ دﻩرﭼـﻮون‬to dân la to cease: dastî la kâr bardâ he
disobey stopped working; ~ biłind-kirdin v.t.
dard ‫ دﻩرد‬pain, trouble; ~-dân ba to give to resist; ~-birdin bo v.t. to fiddle
trouble to: dardèkî pe dâyn it gave us with, to stretch out the hand for; ~-
some trouble; dard i sar ‫ دﻩردی ﺳــــــــﻪر‬bizâw-tin v.t. to poke, push; ~ bo
headache, trouble dam meager existence, hand-to-
darenân ‫ﻨﺎن‬l‫ = دﻩر‬dar-henân
darfat ‫ دﻩرﻓﻪت‬opportunity mouth; ~-dânà …awa v.t. to under-
dargâ ‫ دﻩرﮔــــﺎ‬door; la ~ drân for a knock take, carry out: dastim dâyà payjoîèk i
zortir-awa I carried out more re-

to come at a door: la dargâ dadre search; ~drezhî kirdinà sar v.t. to

there comes a knock at the door rape, violate; ~ hał-girtin la v.t. to
quit, leave alone: dastim le hałgrin
darhaq ‫ دﻩرﻫﻪق‬with regard to leave me alone; ~-kawtin v.i. to get,
dark ‫ دﻩرک‬door acquire; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to reach for;
darkhwârd i ‫ دﻩرﺧﻮاردی‬worthy of to start (+ inf): dastî kird ba pekanîn
darmân ‫ دﻩرﻣــــﺎن‬medicine, remedy; gun- he started laughing; ~-kirdinà … to
put one’s hand/arm on/around: dastî
powder; ~khâna ‫ دﻩرﻣـﺎﳔـﺎﻧـﻪ‬pharmacy; ~ kirdà mil i bâwikî he put his arm
i behoshî ‫ـــﻬـــﯚﳽ‬²‫ دﻩرﻣـــﺎﱏ ﺑـــ‬knock-out around his father’s neck; ~ la pisht
dân v.t. to pat on the back, to en-
drops, sleeping potion courage; ~ pân-kirdinawa v.t. to beg;
~ pe-kirdin (+ inf.) to begin, start
dar-pařândin ‫دﻩرﭘﻪڕاﻧﺪن‬. See pařândin. (do-ing): khwendin i khoy dast pe-kird
dar-pařendrân ‫ـﻨـﺪران‬l‫دﻩرﭘـﻪڕ‬. See pařen- he began studying; ~ pewa girtin v.t.
to save, be frugal; ~-nân ba rû…awa
drân. to turn someone away; ~-parzhân v.i.
to have an opportunity: dastit dapar-
darpe ‰Š‫دﻩرﭘـــــ‬, darpî ‫ﯽ‬Š‫ دﻩرﭘـــــ‬underwear, zhe kâre-kim bo bikay? do you have
the time to do something for me?
drawers dastim nâparzhe I don’t have the

dars ‫ دﻩرس‬lesson; ~-dân v.t. to teach; ~-

khwendin v.t. to study

daru ‫ دﻩرو‬narrow valley; ~yek-girtin la

v.t. to put someone in a tight spot

darûn ‫ دﻩروون‬interior, inside
darwesh ‫ـــــــﺶ‬â‫ دﻩرو‬dervish; ~î of or per-

taining to dervishes: jil u barg i dar-

weshî dervish costume time, I can’t get to it; ~-qutân to
grope; ~-qûchândin v.t. to be stingy;
darz1 ‫ دﻩرز‬crack ~ tekał-kirdin lagał to have carnal
darz2 ‫ = دﻩرز‬dars relations with; ~ u dił yekî-girtin v.t.
das- ‫ دﻩس‬for all words beginning with to be at ease, have peace of mind:

das-, see under dast

178

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

khałk îtir dast u dił’yân yekî nadagirt dastnakhurda ‫ﻪﺧﻮردﻩ‬žn‫ دﻩﺳ‬untouched
the people no longer had any peace of dastnûs ‫ﻮوس‬žn‫ دﻩﺳ‬manuscript
mind; ~-washândin v.t. to wave; la dastnwezh ‫ـﮋ‬¤‫ـﻮ‬ž‫ـ‬n‫ دﻩﺳـ‬ablutions; ~-girtin

bar ~ i …dâ in front of, in the pres- v.t. to make ablutions (for prayer)
ence of, with
dastpař ‫ﻪڕ‬Ün‫ دﻩﺳ‬masturbation
dast- ‫ دﻩﺳﺖ‬for dawast- (see wastân) dastpiř gÎ‫ﺘ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬rich
dasta ‫ــــﺘــــﻪ‬8‫ دﻩﺳــــ‬bunch, group, set; ~-u- dasttang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ﻪ‬µn‫ دﻩﺳ‬poor
dast-u-dû ‫ﺘﻮدوو‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬physical prowess
dâyara ‫ﺘﻪ و داﯾﻪرﻩ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬retinue dastûr ‫ﺘﻮور‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬constitution
dastabar ‫ﺘﻪﺑﻪر‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬guarantor dastwâłâ Ÿ‫ﺘﻮا‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬empty-handed
dastałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ــﺘــﻪ‬8‫ دﻩﺳــ‬authority; ~dâr au- dawan ‫ دﻩوﻩن‬bush
dawâ ‫ دﻩوا‬medicine; ~ u darmân medi-
thority, one in authority; be~î lack of
authority cation and remedy

dastamo ‫ﺘﻪﻣﯚ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬tame dawâm-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ دﻩوام‬v.t. to last, en-
dastasiř g‫ﺘﻪﺳ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬handkerchief
dastaw-azhno ‫ـﺘـﻪوﺋـﻪ ﻧژـﯚ‬8‫ دﻩﺳـ‬grieving, be- dure

reaved dawâr ‫ دﻩوار‬nomadic tent; tent material
dawl ‫ دﻩول‬drum
dastawâna ‫ﺘﻪواﻧﻪ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬glove dawłamand ‫ﻪﻣﻪﻧﺪ‬T‫ دﻩو‬rich
dastândast ‫ـﺘـﺎﻧـﺪﻩﺳـﺖ‬8‫ دﻩﺳـ‬nearby, next to dawłat ‫ــــﻪت‬T‫ دﻩو‬wealth; state; ~î ‫ــــﻪﰏ‬T‫دﻩو‬

one another: gund i ema u gund i ewa

~in your village and ours are next to state (adj.), governmental
each other
dawr ‫ دﻩور‬era, time; ~bar gařân to go
dastâw ‫ﺘﺎو‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬bathroom, toilet
dastâwdast ‫ــﺘــﺎودﻩﺳــﺖ‬8‫ دﻩﺳــ‬from hand to around, about; ~-geřân v.t. to turn
circles; ~ u pisht i around (prep.); ba

hand, from one person to another ~ …dâ around (prep.)

dastâwez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ﺘﺎو‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬pretext; gift dawra ‫ دﻩورﻩ‬circle; ~-dân v.t. to sur-
dastbaje ‰‫ﻪﺟ‬mn‫ دﻩﺳ‬immediately, at once
dastbarsar ‫ــﻪرﺳــﻪر‬m‫ــ‬n‫ دﻩﺳــ‬under surveil- round: dawra’yân dâbû they had him
surrounded
lance; under guard
dawrân ‫ دﻩوران‬era, epoch; a long period
dastbasta ‫ـﺘـﻪ‬8‫ـﻪﺳـ‬m‫ـ‬n‫ دﻩﺳـ‬hands tied, incapa-
of time; circuit, circle; ~-kirdin ba
ble, unable, total surrender v.t. to take a turn on (a horse)

dastbatâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ﻪ‬mn‫ دﻩﺳ‬idle dawrî ‫ دﻩوری‬plate
dastbiłâw ‫و‬Ëmn‫ دﻩﺳ‬spendthrift day ‫ دﻩی‬hey, c’mon, look here
dastbiř É‫ـﺘـ‬8‫ دﻩﺳـ‬one who fools or plays a daz ‫ = دﻩز‬dast: ~baje immediately, at

trick once; ~gâ ‫ دﻩزﮔــــــــــــﺎ‬apparatus; ~gîrân
‫ دﻩزﮔﲑان‬fiancé
dastdrezh ‫ـﮋ‬¤‫ـﺘـﺪر‬8‫ دﻩﺳـ‬aggressive, usurper, dazu ‫ دﻩزو‬thread
dâ- ‫ دا‬compound verbal prefix, for dâ-
influential

dastgir-bûn ‫ــﺘــﮕــﺮ ﺑــﻮون‬8‫ دﻩﺳــ‬v.i. to be ac-
quired: hîchyân das(t)gîr nâbe they kirdin only see alphabetically below;

acquire nothing, they wind up with for other compound verbs see under

nothing the verbal element: dâ-bazîn, dâ-dân,
dâ-diřîn, dâ-gîrân, dâ-hâtin, dâ-
dasthaq ‫ﳤﻪق‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬wage kanin, dâ-khistin, dâ-nawândin, dâ-
dastik ‫ﺘﮏ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬handle, grip; bunch nân, dâ-nîshtin, dâ-mazrândin, dâ-
dastkârî-kiran ‫ـﺮان‬B ‫ـﺘـﲀری‬8‫ دﻩﺳـ‬v.p. to be
tampered with rinân, dâ-rizân, dâ-rizhândin

dastkhat ‫ﻪت‬Ø‫ﺘ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬handwriting ’dâ ‫( دا‬postposition with the preposition

179

SORANI KURDISH

la) in, at: l’ewa’dâ there, in that place; to rest, prop (s.th.) on …: ânîshk i

l’ aw sa‘âtá’dâ at that time; (’dâ con- râstî dâdâyà sar mezaká he propped

tracts to ’á, particularly after nasals) his right elbow on the table; hał-~ (1)

la dił i khom’â witim I said to myself to cast up, hurl up; (2) to blossom:
shînâwar-dakát hałî dâwa your gar-
dâbash ‫ دادﻩش‬portion, division; ~- den has blossomed; hał-~ la sar to
intervene on behalf of; hał-~ la to
kirdin v.t. to divide; ~-krânà sar v.p. start (to speak): la jwâbâ hałî dâ he
started to answer; hał-~awa to raise:
to be divided into; ~udâbir-kirdin ‫داﺑـﻪ‬ panjaraká hałdawa raise the sash; le-
‫ﺮدن‬B g–‫ شودا‬v.t. to divide and slice up ~ to hit, strike; to throb: diłim ledadâ
dâbîn-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ داﺑــﲔ‬v.t. to assemble, my heart is throbbing; to play (instru-

arrange

dâd ‫ داد‬justice; ~-dân v.t. to give justice;

to be just; to work out for: aw dâdî

nadâyn it didn’t work out for us ment): zuřnâ-kay zor khosh ledadâ he
played the flute very well; see also
dâdga ‫ دادﮔـﻪ‬court: ~ i harabarz supreme alphabetically under le-dân

court dân2 ‫ دان‬grain, seed: ganimakám ~’î na-

dâgh ‫ داغ‬searing hot, scar; grief; ~- girtûa my wheat has not set seed; ~
ba kho …’dâ girtin v.t. to have pa-
kirdin v.t. to sear, brand, scar tience, endure; ~-nahenân ba v.t. to
place no value in: kâwrâ dân ba minâ
dâgir i ‫ﮔﺮی‬ä‫ د‬inclusive of, comprising nâhene the man places no value in me
dâgîr-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ﮔــــﲑ‬ä‫ د‬v.t. to occupy,
dân3 ‫ دان‬tooth (= didân)
usurp, take by force, oppress; ~kar ddââpnîîrsh‫ﲑ‬tû‫وداﭘ‬g‫ﻮ‬r‫ﺘ‬8a‫ﺸ‬n›d‫داﻧ‬mionthhaebritant
dâr ‫ دار‬tree, wood; staff, rod, stick;
‫ﮔﲑﮐﻪر‬ä‫ د‬oppressor, oppressive
dâkh ‫ داخ‬grief; la ~ân ‫ﺎن‬L‫ دا‬v in grief ~kârî-kirdin v.t. to beat with a stick;
dâkhwâzînâma ‫ داﺧﻮازﯾﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬application
dâ-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ دا‬v.t. (1) to start raining:

bârân dây kird it started raining; (2)
to put animals in a stable: ḥaywânakâ-

nim dâ kird I stabled the animals; (3) khistinà zher ~ u falâqawa v.t. to put
to pour grain in a bin: ganimaká’m
dâkird I poured the grain (into the to the bastinado; ~atarm ‫ دارﻩﺗـــﻪرم‬bier;
bin) ~awâr ‫ دارﻩوار‬structure; ~das ‫داردﻩس‬
walking stick, staff; ~istân ‫ـﺘـﺎن‬8‫ دارﺳ‬for-
dâł ‫ داڵ‬an opened seed pod est; ~în ‫ـــﻦ‬a‫ دار‬made of wood, wooden;
dâm ‫دام‬: ~ u dazgâ ‫ دام و دﻩزﮔـــﺎ‬apparatus, ~tâsh ‫ش‬c‫ دار‬carpenter
dârezhar ‫ﮋﻩر‬¤‫ دار‬molder, formulator
power, authority dâshtin: hał-~ ‫ـﺪاﺷـﱳ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬v.t. to hurl (from

dâmâwî ‫ داﻣﺎوی‬tribulation a height)
dâmen ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ داﻣـ‬skirt; ~-girtin v.t. to beset:
dâw ‫ داو‬trap; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to set a
am bałâya dâmenî girtûm I am beset
trap
by this disaster; dastim ~it ‫ـــــــﱲ‬8‫دﻩﺳـــــــ‬
‫ داﻣ´ﻨﺖ‬I beg you dâwar ‫ داوﻩر‬judge; ~î judging
dân1 ‫ دان‬da- ‫( دﻩ‬v.t., impt. sing. bídara, dâwâ ‫ داوا‬demand; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ask
in compounds, da ‫ ;دﻩ‬pass. dirân ‫)دران‬
of, demand of
to give, pay; ba …awa ~ to bite,
sting: mâr gutî petawa dadam “I’ll dâwen ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ = داو‬dâmen; ~pâkî ‫ـ˜ﰽ‬Ü‫ـ‬À‫ـ‬l‫ داو‬in-
bite you,” the snake said; mâr pewa’y
dâwin they’ve been bitten by a snake; nocence, purity
dâ-~ to sharpen (pencil); dâ-~à sar …
dâwkhwâz ‫ داوﺧﻮاز‬volunteer
dâya ‫ داﯾـــﻪ‬mother; nurse; ~pîra ‫داﯾـــﻪﭘـــﲑﻩ‬

grandmother

180

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

dâyara ‫ داﯾﻪرﻩ‬office dirân ‫ دران‬dre- ‫ درێ‬v.p. passive of dân;
dâyik ‫ــــــﮏ‬a‫ دا‬mother; la ~ bûn v.i. to be
la dargâ ~ for a knock to come at a
born door

de ‫ دێ‬village diřân ‫ دڕان‬see diřrân
de- ‫ دێ‬pres. indicative stem of hâtin dirâw ‫ دراو‬dirhem
deł- Çl‫ = د‬daheł-. See heshtin. diregh(î) ‫ـــﻎ‬l‫ در‬،‫ـــﻐـــﯽ‬l‫ در‬shortcoming; ~-
den- ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ = د‬dahen-. See henân.
deř g¤‫ د‬line kirdin v.t. to be inadequate
derîn ‫ــــــﻦ‬a‫ــــــﺮ‬¤‫ د‬ancient, old: aw nâwcha
dirinj ‫ درﱋ‬demon
shwenawârî a derînâná i Kurdistân diřîn ‫ـــــﻦ‬a‫ دڕ‬diř- ‫ دڕ‬v.t. to rip; dâ-~ to rip
the ancient monumental regions of
Kurdistan (cloth)

dew ‫ﻮ‬l‫ د‬demon diřik ‫ دڕک‬thorn
didân ‫ ددان‬tooth diřinda ‫ د ﻧڕﺪﻩ‬savage, bestial
dił ‫ دڵ‬heart, interior: la dił i khom’â dirkândin ‫ درﰷﻧـــﺪن‬dirken- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ درﮐـــ‬v.t. to

witim I said to myself; ~-râgirtin to confess; to pronounce; disclose, re-
make happy; ~-shikândin v.t. to veal (secret, &c.)
break the heart: diłmân mashikena
don’t break our hearts; ba ~ i kho to diro ‫ = درۆ‬dro
diřrân ‫ دڕان‬v.p. to be ripped
one’s heart’s desire; ~band i ‫ــﺒــﻪﻧــﺪی‬T‫د‬ dirust ‫ دروﺳـﺖ‬right, correct; ~-kirdin v.t.
interested in; ~dâr ‫ـــــــﺪار‬T‫ د‬sweetheart;
~girân ‫ـــــﮕـــــﺮان‬T‫ د‬disheartened, heavy- to make, build, construct
hearted; ~narm ‫ـﻨـﻪرم‬T‫ د‬contented; ~nyâ
‫ــﻨــﻴــﺎ‬T‫ د‬la convinced of; ~pir ‫ــﺮ‬Î‫ــ‬T‫ د‬sad; dirûn ‫ دروون‬dirû- ‫ دروو‬v.t. to stitch, sew;
angry; ~raq ‫ـﺮﻩق‬T‫ د‬cold-hearted; ~sâda
‫ـﺴـﺎدﻩ‬T‫ د‬naïve; ~shikâw ‫ـﺸـﲀو‬T‫ د‬broken- hał-~ to seam together
hearted; ~soz ‫ـــــــﺴـــــــﯚز‬T‫ د‬sympathetic;
~tang ‫ــــﮓ‬s‫ــــﺘــــﻪ‬T‫ د‬sad, lonely; ~tangî dirwân ‫ دروان‬v.i.: hał-~ to be stitched
‫ـﮕـﯽ‬s‫ـﺘـﻪ‬T‫ د‬sadness, loneliness; ~tař ‫ـﺘـﻪڕ‬T‫د‬
glad, happy; ~tazen ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ــﺘــﻪز‬T‫ د‬tragedy, together

calamity dirwena ‫ﻨﻪ‬l‫ درو‬reaping with sickle
dirz ‫ درز‬crack; ~ i darwâza opening
diłop ‫ـﯚپ‬T‫ د‬drop; ~ a khwenèk a drop of
between two double doors
blood
diz ‫ دز‬thief; ~î thievery, stealth; ba ~a
dimârakoł ‫ دﻣﺎرﻩﮐﯚڵ‬scorpion
dinân ‫ د‡ن‬tooth stealthily; ba ~ i unbeknownst to
dinyâ ‫ دﻧـــﻴـــﺎ‬world, weather: dinyâ zistân
dizh i ‫ دژی‬, dizh ba ‫ دژ ﺑـــﻪ‬against, vis-à-
bû it was winter; ~dîtin ‫ دﻧـﻴـﺎدﯾـﱳ‬world-
vis: gawra-pyâwân i gund dizh i am
ly experience qsâná râdawastân the old men of the
village took a stance against this talk;
dir- ‫( در‬for words beginning with dir-, farmân’î ba kuřakáy dâ dizh i duzh-
min shař bikâ he ordered his son to
see also dr-) fight against the enemy

diř- ‫ دڕ‬pres. stem of dirîn; see also dr- dî1 ‫ دی‬sight; ba ~ henân v.t. to bring
dirakht ‫ درﻩﺧﺖ‬tree
dirang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ درﻩ‬late; ~-bûn v.i. to be late about, produce; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to
dirawshân(awa) ‫ درﻩوﺷﺎن‬v.i. to shine notice, to discern; to see, to spy: hîch i
dirâsa ‫ دراﺳﻪ‬lesson, study wâ’m tyâ ba dî nakird I didn’t notice
anything like that wrong with him;
hâtinà ~ to come about, to happen

dî2 ‫ دی‬other; again: bo chandân jâr i dî

several other times

dîdâr ‫ دﯾﺪار‬interview, meeting
dîka ‫ــﮑــﻪ‬a‫( د‬adj.) other; (adv.) any more,

181

SORANI KURDISH

further ‫ﺮ‬ŒL ‫ دو`ﺎی‬prayer for well-being
dugma ‫ دوﮔـــــﻤـــــﻪ‬button; ~ dâ-khistin to
dîl ‫ دﯾــــﻞ‬prisoner; ba ~ girtin v.t. to take
button: ~ i châkatay dâ-khist he but-
prisoner toned his jacket

dîlmânj ‫ دﯾﻠﲈﱋ‬interpretor dukân ‫دوﰷن‬, dukkân ‫ دوﮐـــﲀن‬shop; ~dâr
dîman ‫ دﳝﻪن‬aspect, mien ‫ دوﰷﻧﺪار‬shopkeeper
dîmugrâfyâ ‫ دﳝﻮﮔﺮاﻓ;ﺎ‬demography
dîmukrât ‫ﺮات‬B‫ دﳝﻮ‬democratic dund ‫ دوﻧﺪ‬summit, top of mountain
dîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ د‬bîn- ‫ ﺑﲔ‬v.t. to see dunyâ ‫ = دوﻧﻴﺎ‬dinyâ
dîřok ‫ۆک‬ga‫ د‬legend duř ‫ دوڕ‬middle; large pearl
dîsân ‫ د§ﺴﺎن‬again, once more duwân ‫ = دوان‬dwân
dîtin ‫ دﯾـﱳ‬bîn- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬v.t. to see; ~awa ‫ـﻪوﻩ‬ž‫ـ‬n‫دﯾـ‬ duzhmin ‫ دوژﻣـﻦ‬enemy; ~âyat ‫ـﺎﯾـﻪت‬ž‫دوژﻣـ‬

to find enmity

dîw ‫ دﯾﻮ‬side dû ‫ دوو‬two; ~am ‫ دووﻩم‬second; ~barakî
dîwakhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ دﯾﻮﻩ‬living room ‫ دووﺑـــــﻪرﻩﰽ‬enmity; ~bâra ‫ دوو¶رﻩ‬again,
dîwân ‫ دﯾﻮان‬assembly hall, court once more; ~dił ‫ دوودڵ‬hesitant,
dîwâr ‫ دﯾﻮار‬wall hesitating; ~dił la v ‫ دوودڵ‬distrustful
do ‫ دۆ‬yoghurt and water beverage of, suspicious of; ~ham ‫ دووﻫــــــــﻪم‬sec-
do‘â ‫ = دۆ`ﺎ‬du‘â ond; ~shamma ‫ دووﺷﻪﳑﻪ‬Monday
doł ‫ دۆڵ‬valley
dořândin ‫ دۆڕاﻧﺪن‬dořen- ‫ﻦ‬a‫ دۆڕ‬v.t. to lose dûkał ‫دوﮐﻪڵ‬smoke
dosh dâ-mân ‫ دۆش داﻣــــــــﺎن‬v.i. to be at a dûkyân ‫ــﻴــﺎن‬B‫ دوو‬the two of them, both of

loss for words them

doshâw ‫ دۆﺷﺎو‬grape molasses dûpât ‫ دووﭘـــــــﺎت‬statement; ~-kirdinawa
dost ‫ دۆﺳـﺖ‬friend; ~âna ‫ـﺘـﺎﻧـﻪ‬8‫ دۆﺳـ‬friendly;
v.t. to make a statement
~âyatî ‫ﺘﺎﯾﻪﰏ‬8‫ دۆﺳ‬friendship
dozîn ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ دۆز‬doz- ‫ دۆز‬v.t. to search for; to dûpishk ‫ﺸﮏ‬é‫ دوو‬scorpion
dûr ‫ دوور‬far; la ~awa from afar; ~bîn
find; ~awa ‫ دۆزﯾــــﻨــــﻪوﻩ‬to find, recover,
‫ دوورﺑﲔ‬telescope, camera
discover dûrân ‫ دووران‬dûr- ‫ = دوور‬dirwân
dûrînawa ‫ دوورﯾﻨﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to gather, harvest
dr- ‫( در‬for words beginning with dr-, dûrrân ‫ دوورران‬dûrre- ‫ دووررێ‬v.p. to be

see also dir-) sewn, stitched up

drakht ‫ درﻩﺧﺖ‬tree dûzhmin ‫ = دووژﻣﻦ‬duzhmin
drân ‫ = دران‬dirân dwâ ‫ دوا‬last (precedes word it modifies):
drâwse ‰‫ دراوﺳ‬neighbor
drezh ‫ـــــــــﮋ‬¤‫ در‬long; ~-bûn v.i. to stretch ~ sâł last year, ~ shaw last night; ~ i
after (prep); ~ i awaî (ka) after (conj);
out; ~âî ‫ـﮋاﰃ‬¤‫ در‬length; ~a-dân ‫ـﮋﻩ دان‬¤‫در‬
~î ‫ دواﰃ‬last, final; ~rozh ‫ دوارۆژ‬future;
v.t. to continue
ba ~ i …dâ nârdin to send for (s.o.);
drisht ‫ درﺷﺖ‬large la ~î’dâ ka after (conj); l’ am
dro ‫ درۆ‬lie; ~-kirdin v.t. to lie ~îâná’dâ recently
droshm ‫ درۆﴌ‬sign, distinguishing mark
drushm ‫ دروﴌ‬design; brightness, bril- dwân ‫ دوان‬dwe- ‫ دوێ‬la v.i. to speak of,

liance talk about

drust ‫ = دروﺳﺖ‬dirust dwândin ‫ دواﻧـﺪن‬dwen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ دو‬v.t. to speak
duam ‫ = دوﻩم‬dûham
du‘â ‫ دو`ـــﺎ‬prayer, supplication; ~-kirdin to, address: mamdwena! don’t speak
to me!; daydwândim he was speaking
bo v.t. to pray for someone; ~ i kher to me

dwe(ka) ‫ دوێ‬،‫ﮑﻪ‬¤‫ دو‬yesterday, last night

182

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

dwene ê‫ دﯾــــﯚ‬yesterday; ~ sháwe ‫ــــﻮێ‬l‫د‬ ezing ‫ﮓ‬s‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬kindling
‫ ﺷﻪوێ‬last night
fakhr ‫ ﻓﻪﺧﺮ‬pride
dyâr ‫ر‬p‫ د‬clear, obvious; ~-kirdin v.t. to falâ ‫ ﻓﻪﻻ‬peasant, farmer
falâkat ‫ ﻓــﻪﻻﮐــﻪت‬misery, difficulty, mis-
clarify; ba ~awa bûn v.i. to be visi-
ble, in view; ba ~î clearly, obviously; fortune

~îkirâw ‫ﮑﺮاو‬a‫ر‬p‫ د‬obvious falâqa ‫ ﻓﻪﻻﻗﻪ‬bastinado
dyârî ‫ری‬p‫ د‬present, gift faqe Õ‫ ﻓﻪ‬student
faqîr ‫ ﻓﻪﻗﲑ‬poor; ~î poverty
-è1 variant of the indefinite suffix -èk farangî ‫ﮕﯽ‬s‫ ﻓﻪرﻩ‬European
-è2 directional suffix occurring on cer- farâham-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻓـﻪراﻫـﻪم‬v.t. to make

tain nouns like zhûrè ‫ ژوورێ‬upwards, available
darè ‫ دﻩرێ‬outwards, mâłè ‰‫ــ‬T‫ ﻣــﺎ‬home-
Farânsa ‫ﺴﻪ‬ë‫ ﻓﻪرا‬France
wards, and as a variant of the direc- farâwân ‫ ﻓﻪراوان‬abundant, large-scale
tional enclitic à on verbs when the farhang ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪ‬culture; ~dost ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪ‬
complement of the directional is an
enclitic pronoun: náygamè I won’t ‫ دۆﺳــــــﺖ‬cultured, culture-loving; ~ok
reach it, shitèk’î dadâtè he’ll give him ‫ﮕﯚک‬s‫ ﻓﻪرﻫﻪ‬glossary
something Farhâd ‫ ﻓـــــﻪرﻫـــــﺎد‬Farhad, a character in

ejgâr ‫ـﺠـﮕـﺎر‬²‫ ﺋـ‬very, very much; ~î ‫ـﺠـﮕـﺎری‬²‫ﺋـ‬ Nizami’s poem who falls in love with
Shirin
at all, ever: ~ nâydwenim I don’t ever
speak to him; all at once: ~ bârim farmân ‫ ﻓــﻪرﻣــﺎن‬order, command; ~ ba je
kird I got up and left
henân v.t. to obey an order, to carry
-èk ‫ﮏ‬¤ indefinite suffix: pyâwèk a man out an order; ~ i khwâ ba je henân to
el ‫ﻞ‬²‫ ﺋ‬nation, tribe, people obey God’s command, to die; ~-dân
ema ‫ﻤﻪ‬²‫ ﺋ‬we, us
era ‫ـﺮﻩ‬Œ‫ ﺋـ‬here; l’~(dâ) (‫ـﺮﻩ)دا‬Œ‫ ﻟـ‬here, in this ba v.t. to command; ~bar ‫ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧـﺒـﻪر‬offi-

place; l’~wa ‫ﺮﻩوﻩ‬Œ‫ ﻟ‬from here, hence cial
Erân ‫ﺮان‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬Iran; ~î ‫ﺮاﱏ‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬Iranian
‘Eřâq ‫اق‬gŒ` Iraq; ~î ‫اﰵ‬gŒ` Iraqi farmâyish ‫ ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﺎ§ـــﺶ‬order, command;
erayî ‫ــﺮﻩﱙ‬Œ‫ ﺋــ‬jealousy; ~-birdin ba v.t. to ‫~ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ§ـﺸـﺖ‬t speech; ~t a mift ‫ـﺘـﻪ‬8‫ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ§ـﺸ‬
‫ ﻣﻔﺖ‬empty compliment
be jealous of: erayî’yân pe dabird
farmûn ‫ ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮون‬farmû- ‫ ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮو‬v.t. to

command, to say (polite); (impt.)

they were jealous of him please: farmû dânîsha please sit down

esh ‫ـﺶ‬Œ‫ ﺋـ‬pain, ache; sar~a ‫ـﺸـﻪ‬â‫ ﺳـﻪر‬head- fatârat ‫رﻩت‬c‫ ﻓـﻪ‬calamity; sar i … dân ba

ache ~’dâ to bring calamity down on …

eshik-girtin ‫ـــﻦ‬Ž‫ـــﺸـــﮏ ﮔـــﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺋـــ‬v.t. to keep fawt ‫ ﻓـﻪوت‬loss, death; ~ân ‫ن‬c‫ ﻓـﻪو‬fawte-
ì‫ ﻓـــــﻪو‬v.i. to cease to exist; to be lost;
watch to be all in, exhausted; ~ândin ‫ﻧـﺪن‬c‫ﻓـﻪو‬
fawten- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻓﻪوﺗ‬v.t. to give up, to lose
esk ‫ﺴﮏ‬Œ‫ = ﺋ‬esqân
esqân ‫ﺴﻘﺎن‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬bone fâks ‫ﺲ‬B˜‫ ﻓ‬fax
estâ ‫ـﺘـﺎ‬8‫ـﺴـ‬Œ‫ ﺋـ‬now; l’~wa ‫ـﺘـﺎوﻩ‬8‫ـﺴـ‬Œ‫ ﻟـ‬as of now, fâmîn ‫ ﻓﺎﻣﲔ‬fâm- ‫ ﻓﺎم‬v.t. to understand
feł Ç‫ ﻓــــ´ــــ‬trick; ~-kirdin la v.t. to play a
from now on
trick on; ~abâz ‫ـﻪ¶ز‬k‫ ﻓـ´ـ‬wily; ~bâzî ‫ـﻪ‬k‫ﻓـ´ـ‬
eessttgira‫ﺘﮕﺴﻪﱰ‬Œ8‫ ﺋﺴ‬mŒ‫ ﺋ‬uslteation ‫ ¶زی‬trickery
ewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬²‫ ﺋ‬you (pl) fenik ‫ﺮک‬Œ‫ ﻓ‬cool
ewâra ‫ــﻮارﻩ‬²‫ ﺋــ‬evening: ~t bâsh good eve- fer ‫ـﺮ‬Œ‫ ﻓـ‬acquainted; ~-bûn v.i. to learn: la

ning

183

SORANI KURDISH

kwe fer i kurdî bûy? where did you a lot of, much, many: ~ gařân they
learn Kurdish?; ~-kirdin v.t. to teach
searched a lot; ~nâs ‫ ﮔﻪﻟﻨﺎس‬sociologist
feřo ‫ۆ‬g‫ـــ‬Œ‫ ﻓـــ‬free, gratis; ba ~ for free, for gał ‫ ﮔﻪڵ‬space between the legs
gałâ Ÿ‫ ﮔـﻪ‬leaf: wakû gałâ i dâr as numer-
nothing, for no reason; ba ~ dân v.t.
to squander, waste: bakhtî ba feřo ous as leaves on a tree
dâwa he’s wasted his chance
gałârezân ‫ـﺰان‬¤‫ر‬Ÿ‫ ﮔـﻪ‬autumn; the month of
fiłân ‫ ﻓﻼن‬so-and-so, dummy name
fiłeq ‫ـﻖ‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ﻓـ‬flat, squashed; ~ân ‫ـﻘـﺎن‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ﻓـ‬fiłe- Scorpio (October 23–November 21)

qe- ‰‫ـﻘـ‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ﻓـ‬v.i. to be mashed, squashed; gałâwej ‫ــﺞ‬l‫و‬Ÿ‫ ﮔــﻪ‬the month of Leo (July
~ândin ‫ـﻘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ﻓـ‬fiłeqen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ـﻘـ‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ﻓـ‬v.t. to
23–August 22)
mash, squash
gałoz ‫ــﯚز‬T‫ ﮔــﻪ‬space between a dog’s legs:
finjân ‫ﺎن‬íž‫ ﻓ‬cup
fiř g‫ ﻓ‬light, delicate; false kilkî da gałozî girt (the dog) stuck its
fira ‫ ﻓﺮﻩ‬very, much tail between its legs
fiře-dân ‫ێ دان‬g‫ ﻓـ‬v.t. to throw away, toss,
gałû ‫ﻮو‬T‫ ﮔﻪ‬throat
hurl gan ‫ ﮔﻪن‬putrid, evil-smelling
gandał ‫ ﮔﻪﻧﺪﻩڵ‬rotten tree
fiř|ândin ‫اﻧــــﺪن‬g‫ ﻓــــ‬v.t. to make fly, to fly ganim ‫ ﮔﻪﱎ‬wheat
away with; ~în ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ ﻓ‬fiř- g‫ ﻓ‬v.i. to fly ganî ‫ ﮔـﻪﱏ‬bad odor, rotten smell; ~n ‫ﮔـﻪﻧـﲔ‬

firmesk ‫ـﺴـﮏ‬Œ‫ ﻓـﺮﻣـ‬tear; ~ hał-rishtin v.t. v.i. to stink

to shed tears ganj1 ‫ ﮔﻪﱋ‬treasure
ganj2 ‫ ﮔﻪﱋ‬young
fiřoka ‫ۆﮐـﻪ‬g‫ ﻓـ‬airplane; ~khâna ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪ‬L‫ۆﮐـﻪ‬g‫ﻓـ‬ garak ‫ ﮔﻪرﻩک‬it is necessary (+ subj.)
gařak ‫ ﮔــــــﻪڕﻩک‬quarter (of town), neigh-
airport
borhood
fiřufeł Ç´‫وﻓ‬g‫ ﻓ‬deception, trick
firyâ-kawtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮐـﻪو‬p‫ ﻓـﺮ‬v.i. to arrive at an gařân ‫ ﮔـﻪڕان‬gaře- ‫ ﮔـﻪڕێ‬v.i. to turn, wan-

opportune moment; to come to some- der, search; ~ ba dwâ i to search for,

one’s assistance look for; ~awa to return, come back;
hał-~ to be changed, transformed,
fish ‫ ﻓﺶ‬flabby, soft (with colors) to be …ish: sûrhałga-
fitwâ ‫ﻮا‬µ‫ ﻓ‬legal opinion, permission řâw reddish; ~ la to quit, leave alone:
fînga ‫ ﻓ;ﻨﮕﻪ‬snivveling lem gařen leave me alone; ~ la to
fîs ‫ ﻓ›ﺲ‬wet look for: shitèkim gum kirdawa, ley
fîsâr ‫ ﻓ›ﺴﺎر‬so-and-so, such-and-such dagařem I’m looking for something I
fîshak ‫ ﻓـ›ـﺸـﻪک‬cartridge; ~ligh ‫ ﻓـ›ـﺸـﻪﳇـﻎ‬car- lost; da sar ~ to get (s.th.) out of
one’s head
tridge belt
gard ‫ ﮔﻪرد‬dust
fîshkândin ‫ ﻓ›ﺸﲀﻧﺪن‬v.t. to whinny, neigh gardâw ‫ ﮔﻪرداو‬whirlpool
fîz ‫ ﻓﲒ‬pride gardin ‫ ﮔـﻪردن‬neck (of an animal, bottle);
fre ‫ = ﻓﺮێ‬fire
froshtin ‫ ﻓﺮۆﺷﱳ‬frosh- ‫ ﻓﺮۆش‬v.t. to sell ~âzâî-kirdin la ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔــــﻪرد‡زاﰃ‬v.t. to
fû-dân ‫ ﻓـــــــﻮو دان‬v.t. to puff up, blow up
bid farewell to
(balloon, e.g.)
gařîda ‫ ﮔﻪڕﯾﺪﻩ‬wanderer
ga ‫ ﮔـــــــــــــــــــﻪ‬joint: pâm la ~ chûwa I’ve garm ‫ ﮔــﻪرم‬warm, hot; ~â ‫ ﮔــﻪرﻣــﺎ‬heat: ~ i

sprained my ankle nîwařo midday heat; ~en ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔـﻪرﻣـ‬warm
region; ~î ‫ ﮔﻪرﻣﯽ‬warmth
gach ‫ ﮔﻪچ‬plaster garû ‫ ﮔــــﻪروو‬neck, throat: wâ hast dakam
gał ‫ = ﮔﻪڵ‬lagał
gal ‫ ﮔـﻪل‬flock, herd, people; ~è ‰‫ ﮔـﻪﻟـ‬a lot, garûmî le piř bûwa I feel as though

184

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

my throat is full of it; ba ~ i …’dâ gâsha ‫ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ‬, ~bard ‫ ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪﺑـﻪرد‬large stone,
kirdin v.t. to put down s.o.’s throat,
to feed to boulder

garzik ‫ ﮔﻪرزک‬ring gâsin ‫ ﮔﺎﺳﻦ‬ploughshare
gash ‫ ﮔﻪش‬fiery red; lush gâz ‫ ﮔﺎز‬bite; gas; ~-girtin la v.t. to bite
gasha-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔـﻪﺷـﻪ‬v.t. to sprout up, gâzarâ ‫ ﮔﺎزﻩرا‬middle of the back, spine
gâzinda ‫ ﮔﺎ ﻧزﺪﻩ‬objection, criticism
grow up gâzir ‫ ﮔــــﺎزر‬washerman, bleacher; ~-bûn

gasht ‫ ﮔﻪﺷﺖ‬trip, tour to be bleached
gastin ‫ ﮔﻪﺷﱳ‬gaz- ‫ ﮔﻪز‬v.t. to bite
gavzân ‫ ﮔﻪﭬﺰان‬v.i. to roll over gechał ‫ﻪڵ‬²‫ ﮔ‬quarrel, dispute
gawař ‫ ﮔﻪوﻩڕ‬stable geřân ‫ان‬g‫ـ‬Œ‫ ﮔـ‬geře ‫ێ‬g‫ـ‬Œ‫ ﮔـ‬v.t. to turn; ~awa
gawâł ‫ ﮔـﻪواڵ‬wisp of cloud; gawâł-gawâł
‫اﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬g‫ـــ‬Œ‫ ﮔـــ‬to relate, tell; war-~ to turn

into, to translate; war-~à sar … to

wispy translate into: am ktebáy wargeřâyà
sar fârsî he translated this book into
gawj ‫ ﮔﻪوج‬stupid Persian
gawra ‫ ﮔــﻪورﻩ‬large, big, great; ~î ‫ﮔــﻪورﻩﰃ‬
gezh ‫ـﮋ‬Œ‫ ﮔـ‬dizzy, spinning; ~-bûn to spin:
greatness; ~pyâw ‫ ﮔـﻪورﻩﭘـﻴـﺎو‬elder, dig-
sarî gezh dabe his head will spin;
nitary
~ałûka ‫ـﻮوﮐـﻪ‬T‫ـﮋﻩ‬Œ‫ ﮔـ‬whirlwind; ~âw ‫ـﮋاو‬Œ‫ﮔـ‬
gawzân ‫ = ﮔﻪوزان‬gavzân
gayândin ‫ﻧــﺪن‬p‫ ﮔــﻪ‬gayen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔــﻪﯾــ‬v.t. to whirlpool
gh- (for most words beginning with gh-,
make reach; kho-~à … to get oneself

to: khoy agayenetà nâw shâr he’ll get the Persianate spelling, see normal

himself into town; lâwakân khoyân Kurdish spelling under kh-)
gayândè the young men got thems-
elves there; râ-~ to make known, ghadir-kirdin la v ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ™ﻪدر‬v.t. to cheat
publicize ghałat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ ™ﻪ‬error, mistake
ghałpaghałip ‫ﭗ‬T‫ﭙﻪ™ﻪ‬T‫ ™ﻪ‬commotion
gayîn ‫ ﮔﻪﯾﲔ‬ga- ‫ ﮔﻪ‬v.i. to arrive gharîb ‫ ™ــــﻪرﯾــــﺐ‬stranger; ~î exile, being
gayshtin ‫ ﮔــﻪﺷــﱳ‬ga- ‫ ﮔــﻪ‬ba v.i. to arrive;
away from home
te-~ to understand; pe-~ to ripen, ma-
ture, come of age ghaybzân ‫ ™ـــﻪﯾـــﱫان‬someone who knows

gaz1 ‫ ﮔﻪز‬yard (linear measure) hidden things, seer, mindreader
gaz-2 ‫ ﮔﻪز‬pres. stem of gastin
gâ ‫ ﮔﺎ‬cow ghazal ‫ ™ــﻪزﻩل‬ghazal, a Persianate poetic
gâł-dan ‫ ﮔﺎڵ دان‬v.t. to stir up
gâła ‫ـﻪ‬T‫ ﮔـﺎ‬energetic labor; ~-kirdin ba to form

work furiously at: chon dirwenayèk ghazna ‫ = ™ﻪ ﻧزﻪ‬khazna
har gâłay pe dakâ he’s working on it ghâr-dân ‫ ™ﺎر دان‬v.t. to run
fast and furiously gichik ‫ﮏ‬Â‫ ﮔ‬small, little
gift ‫ ﮔـﻔـﺖ‬word; promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to
gâłok ‫ﯚک‬T‫ ﮔﺎ‬club
gâłta ‫ـﺘـﻪ‬T‫ ﮔـﺎ‬joke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make promise; ~ugo ‫ ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﯚ‬conversation
gił Ç‫ ﮔـ‬dirt, mud; birdinà bin ~ to take to
fun of: gâłtayân pe dakrâ they were
being made fun of, a joke was being the grave

played on them; ba ~wa ‫ـﺘـﻪوﻩ‬T‫ ﺑـﻪﮔـﺎ‬jok- gila ƒ‫ ﮔـــــــــ‬complaint; ~-kirdin la v.t. to

ingly complain of

gâmûsh ‫ ﮔﺎﻣﻮوش‬ox, buffalo gilân ‫ ﮔـﻼن‬v.i. to be thrown: la asp gilâm
gân ‫ ﮔﺎن‬ge- ‰‫ ﮔ‬v.t. to fuck
I was thrown from my horse; to stum-
ble: aspakám gilâ my horse stumbled;
to move, shake, toss and turn; ~din

‫ ﮔـﻼﻧـﺪن‬gilen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔـﻠـ‬v.t. to throw, toss,

185

SORANI KURDISH

shake this up from the floor; take off: sar i
am sindûqá hałgira take the top off
gilena ‫ﻨﻪ‬²‫ ﮔﻠ‬pupil of the eye this box; pick out, select: l’ aw kaw-
gimez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﮔﻤ‬urine; ~-kirdin v.t. to urinate shâná jûtèkî hałgira pick out a pair of
giř g‫ ﮔ‬flame; ~-girtin v.i. to be enflamed those shoes; dastim le hałgrin leave
giraw ‫ = ﮔﺮﻩو‬giro me alone; (2) to hold, keep: am pâra-
girân ‫ ﮔﺮان‬heavy yám bo hałgira keep this money for
gird ‫ ﮔــﺮد‬hill, knoll; ~ołka ‫ــﮑــﻪ‬T‫ ﮔــﺮدۆ‬pile, me; (3) to allow: khwâ hałnâgire God
will not allow it; (4) to go out of con-
stack of unthreshed grain trol: asp hałî girtim the horse ran

giriftâr ‫ــﺎر‬µ‫ ﮔــﺮﻓــ‬captive, prisoner; ~-bûn

v.i. to be captured, taken prisoner; ~î

occupation, anguish away with me; (5) to hold something
up: gâyaká pâshûy hałgirtûa the cow
giring ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﮔﺮ‬important has its leg lifted; râ-~ to protect,
girî ‫ ﮔــﺮی‬assumption; ~-kirdin v.t. to as- maintain; kho râ-~ to control oneself;
war-~ to take, take up
sume
giryân ‫ن‬p‫ ﮔﺮ‬grî- ‫ ﮔﺮی‬v.i. to weep, cry
girm ‫ ﮔـــــــﺮم‬boom, plop, sound of a large girzh ‫ ﮔـﺮژ‬frowning; dejected; rû~ ‫رووﮔـﺮژ‬
body falling; ~ u hor ‫ ﮔﺮموﻫﯚر‬ditto
with a frowning expression
girmola v‫ ﮔـﺮﻣـﯚ‬twisted, taut; ~-kirdin v.t.
gisht ‫ ﮔﺸﺖ‬all; ~î public
to twist and turn, contort gisk ‫ ﮔﺴﮏ‬broom; ~-dân v.t. to sweep
gizh1 ‫ ﮔـــــﮋ‬mussed, tangled (hair); ~-bûn
giřnî ‫ﱏ‬g‫ ﮔ‬rough, coarse
giro ‫ ﮔـــﺮۆ‬bet; ~-birdinawa la v.t. to win v.i. for the hair to stand on end; ba ~
… hâtin to get entangled with; ba ~
(a bet or game) from, come out on top …dâ chûn to have to deal with; ~yân
of
‫ن‬p‫ ﮔــﮋ‬v.i. to be upset, to be mussed (of
girtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔـﺮ‬gir- ‫ ﮔـﺮ‬v.t. to take; to pinch:
the hair)
kawshakám pâm agire my shoes
pinch my feet; to hold, contain: am gizh2 ‫ ﮔـﮋ‬tree trunk; plant; ~-u-giyâ ‫ﮔـﮋوﮔـﻴـﺎ‬
jawâła shash pût nâgire this sack
won’t hold six pûts; ~ la to find fault vegetation
with, pick on: lem magira don’t pick
on me; ~à bar to adopt; ~awa la to gizh3 ‫ ﮔﮋ‬anger
forbid: l’ aw kârânám girtotawa I gizh4 ‫ ﮔﮋ‬hard, solid
have forbidden those things; ~awa la gizing ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﮔﺰ‬first rays of dawn
to reduce, make less: kharjit zora— gîrâ-kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔـــــﲑا‬v.t. to answer (a
ley bigirawa you spend too much—
make it less; to catch (disease) from; prayer)
~awa to heal (broken bone): dast a
gîrân ‫ ﮔــــﲑان‬gîre- ‫ ﮔــــﲑێ‬v.p. to be taken

(passive of girtin); kho’y pe (râ)~ to

shikâwakát girtûyatawa your broken restrain oneself, control oneself:

arm has healed; ba …awa girtin to kho’y pe nâgîre he can’t restrain him-

cover oneself with, pull s.th. over self; dâ-gîrân v.p. to be occupied:
o.s.: lefay pewa girt he covered him- wilât a dâgîrâwakân the occupied ter-
self with a quilt; dâ-~ (1) to bring ritories; te-gîrân v.i. to tangle
down; (2) to drive crazy by talking:
wây dâgirtim ba qsa hoshim namâ he gîrfân ‫ ﮔﲑﻓﺎن‬pocket
drove me so crazy with his talking I gîroda ‫ ﮔﲑۆدﻩ‬infatuated
couldn’t think straight; hał-~ (1) to gîrsân ‫ ﮔــﲑﺳــﺎن‬gîrse- ‰‫ ﮔــﲑﺳــ‬v.i. to stop,

cease; ~awa to stop, halt; dâ-~ to be

lift, pick up: ama la zawî hałgira pick lit, ignited

186

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

gîrsândin ‫ ﮔـﲑﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬gîrsen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔـﲑﺳـ‬v.t.: dâ- place; hał-~ to lift, raise, draw up

~ to light, ignite gr- ‫ ﮔﺮ‬see gir-
gre ‫ ﮔــﺮێ‬knot; ~ le-dân v.t. to tie a knot;
go ‫ ﮔﯚ‬ball
goband ‫ ﮔﯚﺑﻪﻧﺪ‬celebration ~ shil-kirdin v.t. to untie a knot;
gogird ‫ ﮔﯚﮔﺮد‬sulphur; match
goh ‫ ﮔــــــــﯚﻩ‬ear, hearing; ~dâr capable of ~kwer ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ﮑﻮ‬¤‫ ﮔﺮ‬tangled knot
grewaghâr ‫ﻮﻩ™ﺎر‬l‫ ﮔﺮ‬foot race
hearing: gwechka i gohdâr well- gul ‫ ﮔﻮل‬leper; ~-bûn to get leprosy
attuned ear guł ‫ ﮔــﻮڵ‬flower; ~ a sûr ‫ــﻪ ﺳــﻮور‬T‫ ﮔــﻮ‬rose;

goł (1) gre u ~ ‫ ﮔــﺮێ و ﮔــﯚڵ‬knotted; gurj ~abarozha ‫ـﻪﺑـﻪرۆژﻩ‬T‫ ﮔـﻮ‬sunflower; ~âła
u ~ ‫ ﮔــــــﻮرج و ﮔــــــﯚڵ‬nimble, quick; (2) ‫ﻪ‬TŸ‫ ﮔﻮ‬red tulip; ~âw ‫و‬Ÿ‫ ﮔﻮ‬rosewater
male: ~asag ‫ـﻪﺳـﻪگ‬T‫ ﮔـﯚ‬male dog, ~akar gulla ò‫ ﮔﻮ‬bullet
‫ـﻪﮐـﻪر‬T‫ ﮔـﯚ‬male donkey; (3) goal (soccer); gułof ‫ـــــــﯚف‬T‫ ﮔـــــــﻮ‬pressure, crumple; ~în
‫ــﯚﻓــﲔ‬T‫ ﮔــﻮ‬v.t. to crumple; ~tin ‫ــﯚﻓــﱳ‬T‫ﮔــﻮ‬
~-kirdin la v.t. to score a goal against gułof- ‫ـﯚف‬T‫ ﮔـﻮ‬v.t. to squeeze, crumple;

gol ‫ ﮔﯚل‬calf; pool, pond; stupid kho hał-~tin v.t. to hug oneself
gołâła ‫ﻪ‬TŸ‫ ﮔﯚ‬anemone
gom ‫ ﮔـﯚم‬deep, stagnant water; indistinct; gum ‫ ﮔـﻮم‬lost; ~-bûn to get lost; ~řâ ‫ا‬g‫ﮔـﻮﻣـ‬
lake, pond; ~âw deep pool lost, deviant
gomân ‫ ﮔــﯚﻣــﺎن‬suspicion; ~-kirdin la v.t. gumân ‫ ﮔـﻮﻣـﺎن‬doubt, hesitation; ~-birdin
to suspect v.t. to doubt; to have, possess: hîch
shitè gumân nâbam I do not possess
gon ‫ ﮔـﯚن‬cheek; ~asûra ‫ ﮔـﯚﻧـﻪﺳـﻮورﻩ‬tomato;
~â ‡‫ ﮔـﯚ‬cheek; ~âgon ‫ ﮔـﯚ‡ﮔـﯚن‬various, anything; be~ ‫ــﮕــﻮﻣــﺎن‬²‫ ﺑــ‬doubtless(ly),

of all sorts convinced

gopâł ‫ ﮔﯚﭘﺎڵ‬bat, club gumbad ‫ﻪد‬m‫ ﮔﻮﻣ‬dome
gor ‫ ﮔﯚر‬like, manner gun ‫ ﮔﻮن‬testes
goř (1) ‫ ﮔــﯚڕ‬level, plain (ground); hâtinà gunâ ‡‫ ﮔــــﻮ‬sin, pity; ~bâr ‫ ﮔــــﻮ‡¶ر‬sinner,
~è to come to the fore, be under dis- transgressor

cussion; (2) grave; ~istân ‫ـــﺘـــﺎن‬8‫ﮔـــﯚڕﺳـــ‬ gund ‫ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ‬village; ~nishîn ‫ـﺸـﲔ‬ë‫ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ‬vil-

cemetery lager, village-dwelling

gorân ‫ ﮔــــــــﯚران‬the Goran division of the gunjân ‫ ﮔـﻮﳒـﺎن‬gunje- ‰‫ ﮔـﻮﳒـ‬v.i. to fit, be

Kurds; ~î Gorani; song fitting; dagunje biłeyn we may say, it
is appropriate for us to say
gořîn ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ ﮔـﯚڕ‬goř- ‫ ﮔـﯚڕ‬v.t. to change; ~awa
gur ‫ ﮔﻮر‬wolf; meeting
ba to exchange for; kho ~ to disguise guř ‫ ﮔـــﻮڕ‬power; flame; threat; ~~ hâtinà

oneself; ~ar ‫ ﮔﯚڕﯾﻨﻪر‬change-producing khwâre to pour down; ba~ powerful,
gořrân ‫ ﮔـﯚڕان‬gořre- ‫ ﮔـﯚڕێ‬v.p. to change
(int.), be changed strong

gosh-kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔـــــﯚش‬v.t. to suckle a gur|ân ‫ ﮔــــــﻮران‬gure- ‫ ﮔــــــﻮرێ‬v.i. to have
one’s head cut off; ~ândin ‫ ﮔـﻮراﻧـﺪن‬v.t.
newborn
to cut s.o.’s head off
gosha ‫ ﮔﯚﺷﻪ‬corner, angle
gosht ‫ ﮔﯚﺷﺖ‬meat guř|ân ‫ ﮔــــــﻮڕان‬guře- ‫ ﮔــــــﻮڕێ‬v.i. to roar;
gotin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔﯚ‬łe- ‰T v.t. to say ~ândin ‫ ﮔـﻮڕاﻧـﺪن‬v.t. to roar; ~în ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ ﮔـﻮڕ‬to
govâr ‫ ﮔﯚﭬﺎر‬magazine, journal
goz ‫( ﮔﯚز‬see nâz-u-goz) roar
goza ‫ ﮔﯚزﻩ‬pot
gozân ‫ ﮔــــــﯚزان‬goze- ‫ ﮔــــــﯚزێ‬v.t. to keep; gurg ‫ ﮔﻮرگ‬wolf
gurîs ‫ ﮔﻮر§ﺲ‬rope
~awa ‫ ﮔـــﯚزاﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬to move from place to gurj ‫ ﮔـــﻮرج‬quick, soon; ba ~î ó‫ﺑـــﻪ ﮔـــﻮر‬

quickly, soon; ~ u goł ‫ ﮔـﻮرج و ﮔـﯚڵ‬nim-

187

SORANI KURDISH

ble; ba ~ u gołî ‫ﯽ‬T‫ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮرج و ﮔﯚ‬nimbly gwez- ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬pres. stem of gwâstin
gutin ‫ــﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔــﻮ‬łe- ‰‫ــ‬T v.t. to say (see witin): gyâ ‫ ﮔﻴﺎ‬plant
gyân ‫ ﮔـــﻴـــﺎن‬soul; (following name) dear;
har b’ aw mabastaî ka gutmân just as

we said wa ~ kawtin to escape alive; ~-
keshân v.t. to work hard; ~-(a)spâr-
guzar ‫ ﮔـــــﻮزﻩر‬lane, passage; area; ~-kir-
din ba …(dâ) v.t. to pass by; ~ândin din v.t. to give up the ghost, to die;

‫ ﮔـــﻮزﻩراﻧـــﺪن‬guzaren- ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ ﮔـــﻮزﻩر‬v.t. to ~dâr ‫ ﮔــﻴــﺎﻧــﺪار‬animal, living creature;
~kanisht ‫ـﺸـﺖ‬ë‫ـﮑـﻪ‬s‫ ﮔـﻴـﺎ‬moment of death;
spend, pass: hamû zhyân’î lagał ~labar ‫ﺑﻪر‬ƒ‫ ﮔﻴﺎﻧ‬alive, living
mařdârî guzarândûa he has spent his

entire life being a shepherd; zhyân-u- habûn ‫ ﻫـﻪﺑـﻮون‬for there to be; haya there

~ân ‫نوﮔﻮزﻩران‬p‫ ژ‬life is; habû there was; habe u nabe
gû ‫ ﮔﻮو‬excrement, shit “come hell or high water”
gûr ‫ ﮔﻮور‬calf
gwâstin(awa) ‫ ﮔــﻮاﺳــﱳ‬gwez-(awa) ‫ــﺰ‬¤‫ﮔــﻮ‬ hafta ‫ﻪ‬µ‫ ﻫﻪﻓ‬week
haftâ ‫ﺎ‬µ‫ ﻫﻪﻓ‬seventy
v.t. to move, to relocate; to take a haftâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬µ‫ ﻫﻪﻓ‬weekly
bride to the husband’s house hagba ‫ ﻫﻪﮔﺒﻪ‬saddle pack
ḥakâyat ‫ „ـــــﻪﰷﯾـــــﻪت‬story, tale; ~khwân
gwâya ‫ ﮔﻮاﯾﻪ‬as if, as though, you’d say
gwâztin(awa) ‫ــــــﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔــــــﻮاز‬v.t. to move; = ‫ „ﻪﰷﯾﻪﲣﻮان‬teller of tales, storyteller
ḥakîm ‫ﲓ‬B‫ „ﻪ‬physician
gwâstin hal (1) ‫ ﻫــــﻪل‬time, turn: la ~ u darfate in

gwe ‫ ﮔــــﻮێ‬ear; ~-âkhnîn la to ignore; ~-

bûn la v.i. to hear; ~-dânà … to

listen to; ~-(râ)girtin la v.t. to listen time, at the right time; la hîch ~ u

to marjèk’dâ at no time and under no
circumstances; (2) opportunity: bo
gwebîs ‫ـﺒـ›ـﺲ‬l‫ ﮔـﻮ‬obedient; aware: wâ gwe- halèk i wâ dagařân they were looking

bîs bûm ka bârân bârîwa I was aware

that it had rained for just such an opportunity

gwecham ‫ﻪم‬Âl‫ ﮔﻮ‬riverbank hał- ‫ ﻫـﻪڵ‬compound-verbal prefix; for all
gwechka ‫ـﭽـﮑـﻪ‬l‫ ﮔـﻮ‬ear; ~-dân v.t. to listen;
verbs compounded with hał-, see un-

~-girtin v.t. to hear; ~-takândin v.t. der the verbal element
to listen
hała ‫ــﻪ‬T‫ ﻫــﻪ‬error, mistake; ba ~(dâ) erro-
gweder ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ﺪ‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬listener
gwedrezh ‫ﮋ‬¤‫ﺪر‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬mule neously
gwegir ‫ﮕﺮ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬listener
gwegirân ‫ﮕﺮان‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬hard of hearing haładâwân ‫ـﻪداوان‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬haste; ba ~ hurried-
gwel ‫ﻞ‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬handful
gwepichiř-gwepichiř g‫ـﭙـﭽـ‬l‫ ﮔـﻮ‬g‫ـﭙـﭽـ‬l‫ ﮔـﻮ‬with ly, hastily, in a hurry

hałat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬precipice
hałâtin ‫ﻦ‬ŽŸ‫ = ﻫﻪ‬hał-hâtin
hałbast ‫ـﺒـﻪﺳـﺖ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬poet; ~a ‫ـﺘـﻪ‬8‫ـﺒـﻪﺳ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬poem,
great difficulty: girtibûyânim, gwe- poetry

pichiř-gwepichiř rizgârîm hât they hałbizhârdin ‫اردن‬ö‫ــ‬T‫ ﻫــﻪ‬election (see bi-
had captured me, and I was rescued zhârdin)
with great difficulty; with alacrity
hałdast- ‫ــﺪﻩﺳــﺖ‬T‫ ﻫــﻪ‬see hał-wastân (s.v.
gwequłâkh ‫خ‬Ÿ‫ﻘﻮ‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬attentive
gwerâyał ‫ـﺮاﯾـﻪڵ‬¤‫ ﮔـﻮ‬obedient, submissive; wastân)
~î obedience, submissiveness
hałè ‰‫ــ‬T‫ ﻫــﻪ‬the prefix hał- with the direc-
gweraka ‫ﺮﻩﮐﻪ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬calf tional suffix -è; see under hał-hâtin
gwez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬walnut; ~hînd ‫ﺰﻫﻴﻨﺪ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬coconut
hałenjân ‫ﺎن‬í‫ﻨ‬²T‫ ﻫﻪ‬v.t. to draw water
hałiz ‫ـﺰ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬type of plant with needle-like

188

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leaves ḥapasân ‫ „ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـﺎن‬ḥapase- ‰‫ „ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـ‬v.i. to

hałkawt ‫ـﮑـﻪوت‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬chance, accident; ba ~ be astounded, stunned
‫ـﮑـﻪوت‬T‫ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪ‬by chance, incidentally; ~û
‫ﮑﻪوﺗﻮو‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬nice-looking haq ‫ ﻫـﻪق‬،‫ „ـﻪق‬right; ~ ba ~ ‫ ﻫـﻪق ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪق‬tit

hałmat ‫ـﻤـﻪت‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬attack; ~-birdin/-dân v.t. for tat; ~ bûn ba to be right: haq ba

to attack to a you’re right; ba~ ‫ ﺑـــــﻪﻫـــــﻪق‬in the
right; be~ ‫ﻬﻪق‬²‫ ﺑ‬in the wrong
hało ‫ﯚ‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬eagle haqdast ‫ ﻫﻪﻗﺪﻩﺳﺖ‬wage
hałpa ‫ﭙﻪ‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬haste ḥaqîqat ‫ „ﻪﻗ;ﻘﻪت‬truth, reality
hałpařke ‰‫ﭙﻪڕﮐ‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬type of Kurdish dance har ‫ ﻫــﻪر‬just; ~ awanda ‫ ﻫــﻪرﺋــﻪوﻩﻧــﺪﻩ‬just
hałs ‫ـﺲ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬rising; ~ukawt ‫ـﺴـﻮﮐـﻪوت‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬be-
that much; ~ chonè bû somehow or
havior, conduct
other; ~chand ‫ ﻫـﻪر¸ـﻪﻧـﺪ‬however much,
hałssân ‫ـﺴـﺎن‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬hałss- ‫ـﺲ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬contraction no matter how much; ~chanda ‫ﻫــﻪر¸ــﻪ‬
‫ ﻧـﺪﻩ‬although; ~chî ‫ ﻫـﻪرﭼـﯽ‬whatever, no
of hał-wastân, q.v. matter what; ~chîchikânawa ‫ﻫـــﻪرﭼـــﯽ‬
‫ ﭼـــﲀﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬no matter what they did; ~ka
hałwest (1) ‫ـﺴـﺖ‬â‫ـﻮ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬a short rest, stop; ‫ ﻫـــﻪرﮐـــﻪ‬as soon as: har ka châwî pem

(2) point of view, standpoint, stance kawt as soon as his eyes fell upon me;

ham1 ‫ ﻫـﻪم‬concern, grief; ~u tam ‫ﻫـﻪموﺗـﻪم‬ ~wahâ ‫ﻫـــﻪروﻩﻫـــﺎ‬, ~wâ ‫ ﻫـــﻪروا‬likewise;
~watir ‫ﺮ‬Ž‫ ﻫﻪروﻩ‬even more so
sorrow and grief hař u gîf (gîv) ‫ ﻫﻪڕ و ﮔﻴﻒ‬threat
hara- ‫( ﻫــــــــــــــﻪرﻩ‬prefix with superlative
ham2…ham ‫ ﻫﻪم‬... ‫ ﻫﻪم‬both…and sense); ~barz ‫ ﻫـــﻪرﻩﺑـــﻪرز‬exalted, very
hamân ‫ ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺎن‬that very, the aforemen-
high, supreme: dâdga i harabarz
tioned
supreme court; ~girân ‫ ﻫـــﻪرﻩﮔـــﺮان‬very
hamaranga ‫ـﮕـﻪ‬s‫ ﻫـﻪﻣـﻪرﻩ‬multicolored, of
heavy
all sorts, varied
haras ‫ ﻫـــﻪرﻩس‬landslide, avalanche (con-
hamdîs ‫ ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺪ§ــــﺲ‬once again, all over
strued with birdin and henân)
again
hařasha ‫ ﻫـــﻪڕﻩﺷـــﻪ‬threat; ~-kirdin la v.t.
hamîsân ‫ ﻫﻪﻣ›ﺴﺎن‬again
hamîsha ‫ ﻫــﻪﻣــ›ــﺸــﻪ‬always; ~î constant: to threaten

khwâst i hamîshaî a wish one has hařâ-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻫﻪڕا‬v.t. to run
always had harâsân ‫ ﻫــــﻪراﺳــــﺎن‬out-of-sorts, in a bad

ḥaml ‫ „ــــﻪﻣــــﻞ‬pregnancy: zhinakáy bâr i mood

hamlî dabe his wife is pregnant harem ‫ﻢ‬l‫ ﻫﻪر‬region
hargiz ‫( ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰ‬+ neg) never; ~âw~ ‫ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰاو‬
hamû ‫ ﻫـــﻪﻣـــﻮو‬all, every (+ indefinite): ~
‫ ﻫﻪرﮔﺰ‬never ever
rozhèk every day harzakâr ‫ ﻫﻪرزﻩﰷر‬adolescent
harzał-harzał ‫ ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵ ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵ‬in tatters
hana ‫ ﻫـــﻪﻧـــﻪ‬second wife (relationship to
the first wife); ~zâ ‫ ﻫـــــــﻪﻧـــــــﻪزا‬child of and shreds, useless

another wife, step-child ḥasân|awa ‫ „ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ‬ḥase- -awa ‫ه‬...‰‫„ـﻪﺳـ‬
‫ وﻩ‬v.i. to rest, relax, be in repose;
hanâr ‫ ﻫﻪ‡ر‬pomegranate ~dinawa ‫ „ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to let rest, let
hanâsa ‫ ﻫــــــــﻪ‡ﺳــــــــﻪ‬breath, sigh; ~ hał-
relax
keshân v.t. to breathe a sigh; ~sardî
ḥashîmat ‫ „ﻪﺷ;ـﻤﻪت‬people, crowd
‫ ﻫﻪ‡ﺳﻪﺳﻪردی‬grief hast ‫ ﻫـــﻪﺳـــﺖ‬feeling; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to
hand ‫ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪ‬: ~è ‫ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪێ‬, ~èk ‫ـﮏ‬¤‫ ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪ‬a little,
feel: hast’î ba birsetî kird he felt hun-
a bit, somewhat, rather

handar ‫ ﻫﻪﻧﺪﻩر‬outside; ~î foreign
hangâw ‫ـﮕـﺎو‬s‫ ﻫـﻪ‬step, pace; ~-nân bo v.t.

to step into

hangwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ﮕﻮ‬s‫ ﻫﻪ‬honey

189

SORANI KURDISH

ger; ~yâr (neol.) poet might they not be confusing me with
somebody else?
hatâ c‫ ﻫـــﻪ‬until, even; ~ hatâî ‫ﰃ‬c‫ﻫـــﻪ‬c‫ﻫـــﻪ‬
hâłî ‫ﯽ‬T‫ ﻫﺎ‬empty
forever hâło ‫ﯚ‬T‫ ﻫﺎ‬earthenware pot
hâlû ‫ ﻫﺎﻟﻮ‬maternal uncle
hatâw ‫و‬c‫ ﻫﻪ‬the sun; ~î ‫وى‬c‫ ﻫﻪ‬solar hâmez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﻫﺎﻣ‬bosom, embrace
hatî ‫ ﻫــــــــﻪﰏ‬threatening term of address: hâna ‫ ﻫــــﺎﻧــــﻪ‬motivation, provocation; ~-

hatî! datkuzhim! I’m going to kill dân v.t. to motivate
you, you devil!
hâne ê‫ ﻫﺎ‬there, take it
hatîm ‫ ﻫﻪﺗﲓ‬orphan hâra ‫ ﻫـــــــــــﺎرﻩ‬shout; ~ i pekanîn peal of
hatîw ‫ = ﻫﻪﺗﻴﻮ‬hatîm
hawał ‫ ﻫﻪوﻩڵ‬first; ~în ‫ﲔ‬T‫ ﻫﻪوﻩ‬first laughter
hawâ ‫ ﻫﻪوا‬air, weather
hawâł ‫ ﻫﻪواڵ‬news hâřâ|n ‫ ﻫــﺎڕان‬v.i. to be pulverized; ~ndin
hawâr ‫ ﻫـــــــﻪوار‬summer pasture; ~nishîn ‫ ﻫــــﺎڕاﻧــــﺪن‬v.t. to pulverize; ~wa ‫ﻫــــﺎڕاوﻩ‬

‫ــﺸــﲔ‬ë‫ ﻫــﻪوار‬encamped for the summer dust, powder, grist

(of a nomadic tribe) ḥâshâ ‫ „ـﺎﺷـﺎ‬denial; ~-kirdin v.t. to deny;
~hałnagir ‫ﻨﻪﮔﺮ‬T‫ „ﺎﺷﺎﻫﻪ‬undeniable
hawen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﻫﻪو‬leaven, ferment
hawł ‫ ﻫـــــــــــــﻪوڵ‬toil, effort; ~-dân v.t. to ḥâshiya ‫ﻴﻪ‬8‫ „ﺎﺷ‬marginalia
hât ‫ ﻫـــــــﺎت‬luck: hâtim niya I don’t have
strive, to work hard, to attempt
any luck; ~uchû-kirdin ‫ﻫــــﺎت و ﭼــــﻮو‬
Hawler ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﻫﻪوﻟ‬Arbil, Arbela ‫ﺮدن‬B v.t. to come and go, to frequent
hawr ‫ ﻫﻪور‬cloud hâtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻫـﺎ‬ye-/de- ‫ﯾـﻪ‬/‫( دێ‬pres. subj. be-
hawsha ‫ ﻫﻪوﺷﻪ‬courtyard /; impt. sing. wára ‫ )وﻩرﻩ‬v.i. to come;
ḥawt ‫ „ﻪوت‬seven; ~â c‫ „ﻪو‬seventy
ḥawz ‫ „ﻪوز‬pool (with kas and following subjunctive)
haya ‫ ﻫـــﻪﯾـــﻪ‬there is, there are; (preceded no one would: kas nâye kârèk i wâ
bikât no one would do such a thing;
by a possessive pronoun) to have:

pirsyârekim haya I have a question dâ-~ to be accustomed; hał-~ to run
away: hât hałè he started to run away;
hayhât ‫ ﻫﻪﳞﺎت‬impossible râ-~ lagał …dâ to learn from, be
haz ‫ ﻫـــــــﻪز‬desire; ~-kirdin v.t. to desire: taught by, get used to; ~à (+ infini-

haz dakam bitbînim I’d like to see

you tive) to get …: hâtinà kushtin they
got killed, hâtà girtin he got caught; ~
hazhâr ‫ ﻫـﻪژار‬poor, unfortunate; ~î ‫ﻫـﻪژاری‬ la to be capable of being: la hałgirtin
nadahât it couldn’t be picked up
poverty, misfortune
hâtucho-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻫــﺎﺗــﻮﭼــﯚ‬v.t. to fre-
ḥazîrân ‫ــــﺮان‬a‫ „ــــﻪز‬June (see also huzay-
quent (a place)
rân)
hâw- ‫( ﻫــــﺎو‬prefix) same- (see individual
hâkâ ‫ ﻫ˜ﰷ‬thus
ḥâkim ‫ „˜ﰼ‬ruler words alphabetically)
ḥâł ‫ „ـــﺎڵ‬state, condition; ~ u masala te-
hâwâr ‫ ﻫـﺎوار‬cry for help; ~-kirdin v.t. to
gayândin v.t. to explain a situation
to: ~ u masala’y te gayândim he ex- cry for help
plained the situation to me
hâwbash ‫ ﻫـﺎوﺑـﻪش‬participant; ~ i … bûn
hâle ‰‫ ﻫـــﺎﻟـــ‬informed; ~-bûn ba to be in- to participate, share in; ~î ‫ ﻫـﺎوﺑـﻪﳽ‬par-

formed of; ~-bûn ba … la … to be ticipation; ~î-kirdin la …’dâ v.t. to

thinking of one thing (ba) instead of participate in
another (la), to mistake X (ba) for Y
(la): ba kasèk i dîka’m le hâle nabin? hâwezh ‫ﮋ‬¤‫ ﻫﺎو‬grasp
hâwezh- ‫ﮋ‬¤‫ ﻫﺎو‬pres. stem of hâwîshtin

190

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

hâwirdin ‫ ﻫﺎوردن‬hâwir- ‫ ﻫﺎور‬v.t. to bring henda ‫ـﻨـﺪﻩ‬²‫ ﻫـ‬so, so much, this much; ~ …
hâwîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﻫﺎو‬summer
hâwîshtin ‫ ﻫـﺎو§ـﺸـﱳ‬hâwezh- ‫ـﮋ‬¤‫ ﻫـﺎو‬v.t. to tâ so much (so) that: bulbul henda’y
khwend tâ kham’î la hamû diłân

throw, toss, shoot; dar-~ to toss out, târand the nightingale sang so much

throw away that it drove the sorrow from all

hâwkâr ‫ ﻫـﺎوﰷر‬colleague; ~î-kirdin lagał hearts

v.t. to cooperate with hendè(k) ‫ــﻨــﺪێ‬²‫ ﻫــ‬،‫ــﮏ‬¤‫ــﻨــﺪ‬²‫ ﻫــ‬a bit; for a
while
hâwmânâ ‡‫ ﻫــــﺎوﻣــــﺎ‬synonymous, having
henrân ‫ــﲊان‬²‫ ﻫــ‬henre- ‫ــﲊێ‬²‫ ﻫــ‬v.p. to be
the same meaning brought

hâwnâw ‫ ﻫﺎو‡و‬namesake; synonym herish ‫ـــﺮش‬Œ‫ ﻫـــ‬attack; ~-henân ba to at-
hâwře ‫ ﻫﺎوڕێ‬comrade, companion tack; ~-birdinà sar … to attack
hâwsafar ‫ ﻫﺎوﺳﻪﻓﻪر‬traveling companion (s.o.); ~henar ‫ـﻨـﻪر‬²‫ـﺮﺷـﻬـ‬Œ‫ ﻫـ‬attacker, ag-
hâwsâ ‫ ﻫﺎوﺳﺎ‬neighbor gressor
hâwshewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬²8‫ ﻫﺎوﺷ‬similar hero ‫ﺮۆ‬Œ‫ ﻫ‬marshmallow (bot.)
hâwshîra ‫ ﻫﺎوﺷﲑﻩ‬sister hesphetrâf.)‫ــﺎ‬k‫ـﺘ‬a‫ـ‬8‫ــﮐـﻪﺸــ‬Œ.‫ـ‬.‫ـ‬.‫ـﺎﻫ‬s‫ـﺘ‬t8‫ﺸـ‬il‫ـ‬lŒ,‫ﻫـ‬yneot; ~ (+ neg. past
hâwtaman ‫ ﻫـﺎوﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن‬contemporary, of the sooner…than,

same age scarcely…when: heshtâ nanustibû ka

hâwtâ c‫ ﻫﺎو‬equal; be~ c‫ﻬﺎو‬²‫ ﺑ‬unequalled dangèk’î ba gwe gaysht no sooner
hâybakht ‫ ﻫﺎﯾﺒﻪﺧﺖ‬lottery
hâzir ‫ ﻫﺎزر‬ready had he fallen asleep than he heard a
hejgâr ‫ﺠﮕﺎر‬²‫ ﻫ‬extremely
heł- Dz‫ ﻫ‬pres. stem of heshtin noise
hełân ‫ن‬Ë‫ـ‬²‫ ﻫـ‬hełe- ‰‫ـ‬k‫ـ‬²‫ ﻫـ‬v.t. to let go; dâ-
heshtin ‫ـﺸـﱳ‬Œ‫ ﻫـ‬heł- Ç‫ـ‬²‫( ﻫـ‬v.t.; subj. often

beł- for biheł-) to leave, let, allow (+

~à khwârawa to let down, lower: subj): nayânheshtim bem they didn’t

pat’yân henâ u dâyânhełâ khwârawa let me come; to turn loose, let go;

they brought a rope and lowered him (neg.) not to leave (anyone alive); ba

down je ~ to leave alone, leave behind, let
be, abandon: ba je’y heshtim he left
helka ‫ﻠﮑﻪ‬²‫ ﻫ‬egg me alone; dâ-~ to let down, lower:
hemin ‫ـﻤـﻦ‬²‫ ﻫـ‬slow; ~-kirdin v.t. to slow, patèk’im bo benin u dâmbełinà

slow down: hangâwî hemin kird he

slowed his pace; ~î slowness: ba khwârawa bring me a rope and lower

heminî rû’m da hâwřeakám kird u me down
gutim I slowly turned my face to my
companion and said hez ‫ـــــﺰ‬Œ‫ ﻫـــــ‬strength, power: ~ i atom the
power of the atom; ba~ ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﺑﻪﻫ‬powerful
henân ‫ــﻨــﺎن‬²‫ ﻫــ‬hen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫( ﻫــ‬v.t.; pres. stem
hezhâ ‫ﮋا‬Œ‫ ﻫ‬valued, valuable, dear
often yen-, as in nâyenim for nâhenim ḥikâyat ‫ = ﺣﲀﯾﻪت‬hakâyat
I won’t bring it) to bring; ~awa sar ḥikûmat ‫ ﺣﮑﻮوﻣﻪت‬government
kho- to bring back to oneself; ba je ~ ḥizb ‫ ﺣﺰب‬political party
to execute, carry out (an order); dar-~ hî ‫ ﻫــــــﯽ‬really: hî awa niya bâs bikre it’s

(darenân) to put out, pull out, take not really anything that can be talked

off, extract: châwîlkaká’m la châw about
darenâbû I had taken off my glasses;
dâ-~ to comb the hair down; râ-~ to hîch ‫( ﻫـﻴـﭻ‬+ neg.) nothing: ~ i tir nothing
teach, to get into shape; to tame else; ~ kasèk ‫ﮏ‬²8‫ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮐﻪﺳ‬nobody

Hend ‫ﻨﺪ‬²‫ ﻫ‬India hîlâk ‫ ﻫــﻴــﻼک‬tired; ~î tiredness, exhaus-

tion

191

SORANI KURDISH

ḥîlk|a ‫ ﺣــ;ــﻠــﮑــﻪ‬peal of laughter; ~ândin idâra ‫ ادارﻩ‬office
‫ ﺣ;ﻠﲀﻧﺪن‬v.t. to laugh îdî ‫ ﺋﻴﺪی‬anymore
îjâbî ‫ﺎﰉ‬í‫ ﺋﻴ‬positive
hîn-bûn ‫ ﻫﲔ ﺑﻮون‬v.i. to learn ikhtiyâr ‫ـﻴـﺎر‬µ‫ اﺧـ‬old, aged: rîshim spî bû,
hîshk ‫ ﻫ›ﺸﮏ‬dry
hîwâ ‫ ﻫــﻴــﻮا‬hope: hîwâ i zhyân’î le nada- tawâw ~ bûwim my beard is white: I

kirâ there was no hope of his surviv- have become old
ing; ~biřrâw ‫او‬g‫ ﻫـﻴـﻮا–ـ‬without hope, in iklîl ‫ﳇﻴﻞ‬ä = kilîl
despair; ~biřrâwî ‫اوی‬g‫ ﻫــﻴــﻮا–ــ‬despair; îmayl ‫ ﺋ;ـﻤﻪﯾﻞ‬e-mail
~dâr ‫ ﻫﻴﻮادار‬hopeful împirâtorî ‫ـﺮاﺗـﯚری‬Î‫ ﺋـﻴـ‬empire: ~ i ‘usmânî
hîz ‫ ﻫــﲒ‬skein, leather bag for oil, cheese,
the Ottoman Empire
&c.
împiryâlîst ‫ﻟـ›ـﺴـﺖ‬p‫ـﺮ‬Î‫ ﺋـ;ـﻤـ‬imperialist: nata-
ho ‫ ﻫﯚ‬reason
hoba ‫ ﻫﯚﺑﻪ‬campsite wa gawra ~akân the great imperialist
hoda ‫ ﻫﯚدﻩ‬room nations
hon|în ‫ ﻫـــﯚﻧـــﲔ‬v.t. to spin (thread), com-
imřo ‫ۆ‬g‫ اﻣ‬today
pose (poetry); ~din ‫ ﻫـﯚﻧـﺪن‬v.t. to string, imshaw ‫ اﻣﺸﻪو‬tonight
to weave together; ~drâw ‫ ﻫـﯚﻧـﺪراو‬wo- înglîs ‫ــﮕــﻠــ›ــﺲ‬ž‫ ﺋــ›ــ‬the English, the British

ven together, threaded together; ~râw (coll.); ~î English (person, language)

‫ﺮاو‬s‫ = ﻫﯚ‬hondrâw injâ ‫ﺎ‬íž›‫ ﺋ‬then, next
hor ‫ ﻫﯚر‬boom, big noise insân ‫ﺴﺎن‬ë‫ ا‬human being
hoř ‫ ﻫﯚڕ‬sack ‘Irâq ‫ ﻋﺮاق‬Iraq; ~î ‫ ﻋﺮاﰵ‬Iraqi
hortik ‫ﮏ‬Ž‫ ﻫﻮر‬ugly baby isti‘mâr ‫ــﺘــﻌــﲈر‬8‫ اﺳــ‬colonialism, imperial-
hosh ‫ ﻫــــــﯚش‬consciousness; hâtinawa ~
ism; ~î ‫ﺘﻌﲈری‬8‫ اﺳ‬imperialist
kho- to regain consciousness; la ~ (i îsh ‫ ﺋــ›ــﺶ‬work, labor, deed; ~-kirdin v.t.
kho) chûn to lose consciousness; be~
to work; ~kar ‫ ﺋـ›ـﺸـﮑـﻪر‬hardworking; ~-
‫ـــﻬـــﯚش‬²‫ ﺑـــ‬unconscious; be~-bûn v.i. to u-kâr ‫ ﺋ›ﺶ و ﰷر‬business
faint, pass out, lose consciousness -îsh ‫( §ــــــﺶ‬enclitic, after vowels ’sh and
’ysh) too, also, either
hoz ‫ ﻫﯚز‬tribe, people, population îshârat ‫ ﺋ›ﺸﺎرﻩت‬motion; sign
htâ ‫ = ﻫﺘﺎ‬hatâ îslâm ‫ ﺋ›ﺴﻼم‬Islam; ~î Islamic
humed ‫ ﻫـﻮﻣـ´ـﺪ‬hope; ~biřrâw ‫او‬g‫ ﻫـﻮﻣـ´ـﺪ–ـ‬îstaram-kirdin la v ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ـﺘـﻪرﻩم‬8‫ ﺋـ›ـﺴـ‬v.t. to
hopeless, in despair beg, plead with
hunar ‫ ﻫــــــﻮﻧــــــﻪر‬art, craft, skill; ~mand îtir ‫ ﺋﻴﱰ‬again, another time
‫ ﻫــﻮﻧــﻪرﻣــﻪﻧــﺪ‬artist, artisan; ba~ ‫ ﺑــﻪﻫــﻮﻧــﻪر‬îzn ‫ ﺋــــــــــــﲒن‬permission; ba ~ i khwâ by
skilled God’s leave
ḥushtir ‫ = ﺣﻮﺷﱰ‬wishtir
ḥuzayrân ‫ﺮان‬a‫ ﺣﻮزﻩ‬June jala-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B v‫ •ــﻪ‬v.t. to tie (animals)
hûn-bûn ‫ = ﻫﻮون ﺑﻮون‬hîn-bûn
hûsha u fîsha ‫ ﻫﻮوﺷﻪ و ﻓ›ﺸﻪ‬hissing together in a herd

(initial i and î are intermingled in alpha- jallâd ‫ •ﻠﻼد‬executioner
betization; the distinction between jambûra ‫ـﻮورﻩ‬m‫ •ـﻪﻣـ‬generality, crowd; ~ i
initial i and î is not always main-
khałk ü‫ﻪ‬L ‫ﻮورﻩى‬m‫ •ﻪﻣ‬ordinary people
tained; initial î is spelled ‫ ﺋـ;ــ‬and ‫ اﯾــ‬in- janâb ‫ •ـــﻪ‡ب‬excellency: khałk i gunda-
discriminately)
kámân châwařwân i janâbitin the
ibtidâî ‫ اﺑﺘﺪاﰃ‬elementary people of our village are waiting for

your excellency; janâb i pâshâ his
majesty, your majesty

192

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

janâza ‫ •ﻪ‡زﻩ‬funeral child to death; ~gosha ‫ ﺟـﮕـﻪرﮔـﯚﺷـﻪ‬child;
jang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ •ﻪ‬war, battle ~soz ‫ ﺟﮕﻪرﺳﯚز‬consoler
jarda ‫ •ﻪردﻩ‬highway robber jigara ‫ ﺟــــــﮕــــــﻪرﻩ‬cigarette; ~-keshân to
jarg ‫ •ﻪرگ‬liver, heart (metaphorical)
jarrâḥ ‫ •ﻪڕاح‬surgeon smoke cigarettes
jawanda ‫ •ﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩ‬leather water bag
jawâł ‫ •ــــــــــﻪواڵ‬large sack or saddlebag, jighâr ‫ ﺟﻐﺎر‬grief, sorrow
jil ‫ •ـــــــــــﻞ‬clothes, togs; ~-nân to put on
usually one of a pair on either side of
a donkey or horse clothes

jawâhîr ‫ •ﻪواﻫﲑ‬jewels jila ƒ• octopus
jazhn ‫ •ﻪژن‬festival, celebration jiław ‫ﻪو‬k• reins
jâ ‫ •ﺎ‬then, therefore jimîn ‫ ﲨﲔ‬jim- ‫ ﰖ‬v.i. to move
jâda ‫ •ﺎدﻩ‬road, street jinew ‫ﻮ‬²ž‫ ﺟ‬insult; ~-dân ba to curse at
jâdû ‫ •ـﺎدوو‬magic, sorcery; ~gar ‫•ـﺎدووﮔـﻪر‬ jinoka ‫ﯚﮐﻪ‬ž‫ ﺟ‬genii
jinûb ‫ﻮوب‬ž‫ ﺟ‬south
jiř g‫ ﺟــــ‬rip; ~-dân v.t. to rip; ~-hâtin v.i.
magician, sorcerer to have difficulty, be sad

jâłjâłûka ‫ﻮوﮐﻪ‬T‫ﺎ‬íT‫ •ﺎ‬spider jirîwa ‫ ﺟﺮﯾﻮﻩ‬cooing (of doves)
jâm ‫ •ﺎم‬mirror, glass, pane; bowl jisin ‫ ﺟﺴﻦ‬noble, race
jânawar ‫ •ﺎﻧﻪوﻩر‬animal jiwân ‫ ﺟــﻮان‬young; ~amarg ‫ﺟــﻮاﻧــﻪﻣــﻪرگ‬
jândârm ‫ •ﺎﻧﺪارم‬police
jântâ ‫ •ﺎﻧﺘﺎ‬satchel died young; ~ka ‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ ﺟﻮا‬adolescent
jâr ‫ •ـﺎر‬time, instance: dû hafta ~èk once jizma ‫ ﺟﺰﻣﻪ‬boot
jîhân ‫ ﺟـﳱـﺎن‬world; ~bîn ‫ ﺟـﳱـﺎﻧـﺒـﲔ‬world-
every two weeks; ~ân ‫ •ـــــــــــﺎران‬olden
times, past times; ~èk ‫ــــﮏ‬¤‫ •ــــﺎر‬once; seeing, all-seeing
~èkyân ‫ـﮑـ;ـﺎن‬¤‫ •ـﺎر‬once, one time; ba ~e
‫ ﺑـﻪ•ـﺎرێ‬all at once; ~ u bâr ‫ •ـﺎرو¶ر‬oc- jînosâyd ‫ ﺟ;ﻨﯚﺳﺎﯾﺪ‬genocide
jîra ‫ •ـﲑﻩ‬salary, stipend; ~khor ‫•ـﲑﻩﺧـﯚر‬
casionally, from time to time
salaried
jâř ‫ •ـــــــــﺎڕ‬proclamation; ~-dân la v.t. to
joga ‫ ﺟﯚﮔﻪ‬stream
proclaim, to broadcast; ~-keshân v.t. jołâ Ÿ‫ ﺟﯚ‬weaver
to proclaim, make a proclamation; jor ‫ ﺟـﯚر‬sort, kind; manner: b’ aw jorá in

~chî ‫ •ﺎڕﭼﯽ‬herald that manner; ~âw~ ‫ﺟـــــﯚراﺟـــــﯚر‬, ~ba~
jâwîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ •ﺎو‬v.t. to chew ‫ ﺟﯚرﺑﻪﺟﯚر‬of all sorts, various
je ‰‫ ﺟـــــــــ‬place; la ~gâ i instead of; ba ~ jorâw ‫ ﺟﯚراو‬sock
jořik ‫ ﺟﯚڕک‬bag, saddlebag
mân v.i. to be left behind; ba ~ jozardân ‫ ﺟﯚزﻩردان‬the month of Gemini
heshtin v.t. to leave, leave behind, jum‘a ‫ ﺟﻮﻣﻌﻪ‬Friday
abandon; ~-mân v.i. to be left behind; jûł|a-kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ـــــﻪ‬T‫ ﺟـــــﻮو‬to move, to
budge; ~ân ‫ ﺟــﻮوﻻن‬jûłe- ‰‫ ﺟــﻮوﻟــ‬v.i. to
~ga ‫ ﺟـ´ـﮕـﻪ‬place, bed; ~gâ ‫ ﺟـ´ـﮕـﺎ‬place,
position; ~nishîn ‫ـﺸـﲔ‬À‫ ﺟـ´ـ‬heir-appar- move

ent, successor jût ‫ ﺟﻮوت‬pair; ~yâr ‫ ﺟﻮوﺗﻴﺎر‬farmer
jwâb ‫ ﺟـــــﻮاب‬answer, reply; ~-dân v.t. to
jebaje-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‰‫ ﺟـ´ـﺒـﻪﺟـ‬v.t. to finish
reply
off, to polish off
jwân ‫ ﺟــــــﻮان‬pretty, beautiful; ~î ‫ﺟــــــﻮاﱏ‬
jiga la v ‫ ﺟـــــﮕـــــﻪ‬aside from, except for;
without; jiga l’ awaî ‫وﻩى‬v ‫ ﺟــﮕــﻪ‬aside beauty

from the fact that, in addition to the jyâ ‫ ﺟـ;ـﺎ‬separate, apart; ~wâz ‫ ﺟـ;ـﺎواز‬sepa-
fact that rate; ~wâzî ‫ ﺟـ;ـﺎوازی‬distinguishing fea-

jigar ‫ ﺟـﮕـﻪر‬liver, child; ~-sûtân to lose a ture

193

SORANI KURDISH

jyât i ‫ ﺟ;ﺎﰏ‬instead of hał-~ to pull up, uproot, dig
ka1 ‫ ﮐـــــــــــﻪ‬other, else: hîch i ~’m nâwe I
kanîn ‫ ﮐـﻪﻧـﲔ‬-kan- ‫ ﮐـﻪن‬v.i. to laugh; pe-~
don’t want anything else
to laugh
ka2 ‫ ﮐــــﻪ‬when (conj); that (subordinating
kanîshk ‫ ﮐﻪﻧ›ﺸﮏ‬girl, daughter
conj.) kar ‫ ﮐﻪر‬donkey, ass
karasa ‫ = ﮐﻪرﻩﺳﻪ‬karista
ka- ‫ ﮐﻪ‬pres. stem of kirdin kařat ‫ﮐﻪڕﻩت‬. See karrat.
kachał ‫ ﮐﻪ¸ﻪڵ‬bald, mangy karista ‫ـﺘـﻪ‬8‫ ﮐـﻪرﺳـ‬raw material; instrument,
kachî ‫ ﮐﻪﭼﯽ‬but, on the other hand
kaftin ‫ ﮐﻪﻓﱳ‬kaf- ‫ = ﮐﻪف‬kawtin tool, means; feature
kal ‫ ﮐـــــــــــــــﻪل‬mountain pass; broken (of
Karkûk ‫ﻮوک‬B‫ ﮐﻪر‬Kirkuk
teeth); ~-u-pal ‫ ﮐﻪلوﭘﻪل‬odds and ends karrat ‫ ﮐـــــﻪڕﻩت‬time, instance: aw ~á’sh
kalabâb ‫¶ب‬v‫ ﮐﻪ‬rooster
kałak ‫ﻪک‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬pile; ~ a bard pile of rocks that time too; la mezhû i kurd’dâ bo
kałakewî ‫ﻮی‬²‫ﻪﮐ‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬mountain ram hawałîn ~ for the first time in the
kalapoř ‫ﭘﯚڕ‬v‫ ﮐﻪ‬paraphernalia, baggage history of the Kurds
kalapûr ‫ﭘﻮور‬v‫ ﮐﻪ‬tradition; ~î traditional
kałasher ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ﻪﺷ‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬rooster karsak ‫ ﮐﻪرﺳﻪک‬large clod
kalâwa ‫ ﮐﻪﻻوﻩ‬ruin, a ruined building karweshik ‫ = ﮐﻪرو§ﺸﮏ‬kawreshik
kałk ‫ـﮏ‬T‫ ﮐـﻪ‬use, benefit: kałkî nabû it was kas ‫ ﮐـﻪس‬person; ~è ‰‫ ﮐـﻪﺳـ‬anybody; ~-u-

kâr ‫ ﮐـﻪس و ﰷر‬people, relatives; ~âyatî
‫ ﮐﻪﺳﺎﯾﻪﰏ‬relationship
kasâbat ‫ ﮐـﻪﺳـﺎﺑـﻪت‬livelihood: bâwkim kâr
useless; ~ war-girtin la to derive u ~î chi bû? What did my father do
benefit from; ~bakhsh ‫ـﻪﺧـﺶ‬m‫ـﮑـ‬T‫ ﮐـﻪ‬ben-
eficial; ba~ ‫ـﮏ‬T‫ ﺑـﻪﮐـﻪ‬useful, beneficial; for a living?; ~-kirdin v.t. to make a
be~ ‫ﮏ‬T‫ﮑﻪ‬²‫ ﺑ‬useless, worthless living
kałkała i ‫ﻪی‬T‫ﮑﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬wish, desire for
kalla ƒ‫ ﮐﻪﻟـ‬head kasâs ‫ ﮐﻪﺳﺎس‬distressed; ~î distress
kaltur ‫ ﮐﻪﻟﺘﻮر‬culture kash ‫ ﮐﻪش‬stormcloud
kalupal ‫ = ﮐﻪﻟﻮﭘﻪل‬kalapoř kashtî ‫ﱴ‬8‫ ﮐﻪﺷ‬boat, ship
kam ‫ ﮐــﻪم‬little, little bit; ~bînâ ‫ــﻴــﻨــﺎ‬m‫ﮐــﻪﻣــ‬ kasukâr ‫ ﮐﻪﺳﻮﰷر‬see kas
katin ‫ــﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮐــﻪ‬insult; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to in-

sult: katinèk i gawra’y pe kirdûm he

weak-sighted, unable to see well; has insulted me greatly
~hawen ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﻪو‬¹‫ ﮐـﻪ‬unproductive; ~tir ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ kaw ‫ ﮐﻪو‬sieve with large holes
‫ ﻣـﱰ‬less; ~ u zor more or less; ~tâkur- kaw- ‫ ﮐﻪو‬pres. stem of kawtin
kawâł ‫ ﮐـــﻪواڵ‬herds and flocks; ~~ spread
tè(k) more or less
out
kamarchîn ‫ ﮐﻪﻣﻪر¸ﲔ‬cliff
kan- ‫ ﮐﻪن‬pres. stem of kanîn and kanin kawâta ‫ ﮐﻪواﺗﻪ‬then, therefore, in that case
kanâł ‫ ﮐﻪ‡ڵ‬channel (television) kawâw ‫ ﮐﻪواو‬roasted meat
kandałân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ ﮐﻪﻧﺪﻩ‬edge of ravine kawchik ‫ ﮐﻪو¸ﮏ‬spoon
kandâł ‫ ﮐﻪﻧﺪاڵ‬hill kawł ‫ ﮐــﻪوڵ‬skin (of an animal); ~-kirdin
kandin ‫ ﮐﻪﻧﺪن‬see kanin
kandrân ‫ ﮐــﻪﻧــﺪران‬v.p. to be pulled up, to to skin (an animal)

be dug up; hał-~ to be pulled out, to kawn ‫ ﮐﻪون‬old; ~ârâ ‫ ﮐﻪو‡را‬old, ancient
be wrenched out kawreshik ‫ﺸﮏ‬â‫ ﮐﻪور‬rabbit, hare
kawsh ‫ ﮐﻪوش‬shoe
kange ‰‫ﮕ‬s‫ ﮐﻪ‬when?, what time? kawtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮐـﻪو‬kaw- ‫ ﮐـﻪو‬v.i. to fall, befall;
kanin ‫ـﻦ‬s‫( ﮐـﻪ‬kandin ‫ )ﮐـﻪﻧـﺪن‬kan- ‫ ﮐـﻪن‬to
dar-~ to go outside, to appear; dâ-~

pull up, off, dig up; dâ-~ to pull off; to fall away; dûr ~awa to get far

194

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

away; ~à … (+ inf.) to start to, fall to: kârîgar ‫ــﮕــﻪر‬a‫ ﰷر‬effective; mortal: birîn i
kawtînà qsa kirdin we started talking;
hał-~ la to be situated in ~ mortal wound

kay ‫ ﮐﻪی‬when? kârkhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ ﰷر‬factory
kaybânû ‫ ﮐﻪﯾﺒﺎﻧﻮو‬lady kâr-u-bâr ‫ ﰷرو¶ر‬affairs, busines
kayf ‫ ﮐـــﻪﯾـــﻒ‬enjoyment; ~ u safâ kirdin kârwân ‫ ﰷروان‬caravan; ~chî ‫ـﯽ‬#‫ ﰷروا‬cara-

lagał v.t. to enjoy oneself (sexually) van leader; ~sarâ ‫ـﺴـﻪرا‬ë‫ ﰷروا‬caravanse-
with
rai
Kaykâwis ‫ـــﲀوس‬a‫ ﮐـــﻪ‬Kay-Kaus, shah of
kâs ‫ ﰷس‬dizzy; faint
Iran kâset ‫ﺖ‬Œ‫ ﰷﺳ‬cassette
kâsib ‫ ﰷﺳــﺐ‬merchant, trader, shopkeep-
kazh ‫ ﮐﻪژ‬mountain
kazhâl ‫ = ﮐﻪژال‬khazâł er; ~î ‫ﱮ‬8‫ ﰷﺳ‬trade, commerce
kâ ‫ ﰷ‬straw kât1 ‫ ﰷت‬time: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time;
kâbrâ ‫ ﰷ–ﺮا‬man, gentleman
kâch ‫ ﰷچ‬pool ~è(k) ì‫ ﰷ‬،‫ـﮏ‬²‫ ﰷﺗـ‬when (temporal con-
kâghaz ‫ ﰷ™ﻪز‬paper
kâhû ‫ ﰷﻫﻮو‬lettuce junction); la ~èk’dâ while, during, at
kâk ‫ ﰷک‬elder brother; ~a ‫ "ﮐﻪ‬sir a time when
kâkłamûshân ‫ﻪﻣﻮوﺷﺎن‬k‫ "ﮐ‬spider
kâł ‫ ﰷڵ‬raw; unripe, immature; light kât2 ‫ ﰷت‬back of the neck
kâwezh ‫ــــﮋ‬¤‫ ﰷو‬cud; ~-kirdin v.t. to chew
(color); faded
the cud
kâłâ Ÿ‫ ﰷ‬cloth, commercial goods
kâlân ‫ ﰷﻻن‬scabbord kâwrâ ‫ = ﰷورا‬kâbrâ
kâm ‫ ﰷم‬which?, which one? kâya ‫ ﰷﯾﻪ‬game; ~gâ ‫ ﰷﯾﻪﮔﺎ‬playing field
kân ‫ ﰷن‬mine; ~zâ ‫ﺰا‬s‫ ﰷ‬mineral ke ‰‫ ﮐ‬who?
kânî ‫ ﰷﱏ‬spring; ~âw ‫ ﰷﻧﻴﺎو‬waterspring kebarke ‰‫ﺒﻪرﮐ‬²‫ ﮐ‬race, competition
kânûn ‫ ﰷﻧــﻮون‬: ~ i yekam December; ~ i kef ‫ﻒ‬²‫ ﮐ‬mountain; cave
kel ‫ﻞ‬²‫ ﮐ‬tombstone
dûham January kełân ‫ن‬˲‫ ﮐ‬keł- Dz‫ ﮐ‬v.t. to plow
ken ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮐـــ‬the black fabric of which tents
kâr ‫ ﰷر‬work, thing (intangible): nâtwâ-
are made
nîn am ~á bikayn we can’t do this
thing; ~-kirdin v.t. to work, to do ker ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﮐ‬penis
something; ba ~ henrân v.p. to be kerd ‫ﺮد‬Œ‫ ﮐ‬knife
used, be put to use; ~ ba sarawa bûn kesha ‫ـــﺸـــﻪ‬Œ‫ ﮐـــ‬dispute; ~ i … chârasar-

kirdin v.t. to deal with

keshân ‫ــﺸــﺎن‬Œ‫ ﮐــ‬kesh- ‫ــﺶ‬Œ‫ ﮐــ‬v.t. to pull,

draw; râ-~ to draw, pull, select; see

v.i. to have a responsibility, have also râ-kishân
something to do: îdî kâr’it ba sarawa
nabe you have nothing else to do, kew ‫ﻮ‬²‫ ﮐ‬mountain
there is nothing further you have to kha ‫ﻪ‬L pres. stem of khistin
khabar ‫ــﻪﺑــﻪر‬L news; awareness; ~bazen
do; be~ ‫ـﲀر‬²‫ ﺑـ‬unemployed; be~î ‫ـﲀری‬²‫ﺑـ‬
‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﻪﺑـﻪرﺑـﻪز‬L spy; ~dâr ‫ـﻪﺑـﻪردار‬L, ba~ ‫ـﻪﺑـﻪ‬L‫ﺑـﻪ‬
unemployment ‫ ر‬awake, aware, informed; ~-bûnawa

kârabâ ¶‫ ﰷرﻩ‬electricity v.i. to wake up; ~-dân v.t. to report,
kârakar ‫ ﰷرﻩﮐﻪر‬worker, servant give news
kârasât ‫ ﰷرﻩﺳﺎت‬catastrophe
kârbadast ‫ ﰷرﺑﻪدﻩﺳﺖ‬official khabâr ‫ﻪ¶ر‬L danger
kârez ‫ـــﺰ‬¤‫ ﰷر‬underground water channel; khabât ‫ـــــﻪ¶ت‬L struggle; ~-kirdin v.t. to

~kan ‫ﺰﮐﻪن‬¤‫ ﰷر‬kârez digger struggle; ~kar ‫ﮑﻪر‬Ž¶‫ﻪ‬L struggler
khafa ‫ــــــﻪﻓــــــﻪ‬L undistinguished family;

195

SORANI KURDISH

weak flame; ~-kirdin v.t. to choke, bûn to be busy: ~ i dars-khwendinîn

strangle; to lower (flame) we’re busy studying

khafat ‫ـﻪﻓـﻪت‬L sorrow; ~bâr ‫ـﻪﻓـﻪﺗـﺒـﺎر‬L sor- kharîta ‫ﻪرﯾﺘﻪ‬L map
kharj ‫ـــــﻪرج‬L outlay, expenditure; ~-kir-
rowful; ~-khwârdin v.t. to grieve
din v.t. to spend (money)
khałat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ﻪ‬L curse; mistake; deception
khałatân ‫ن‬c‫ـﻪ‬T‫ـﻪ‬L khałate- ì‫ـﻪ‬T‫ـﻪ‬L v.i. to be kharmân ‫ـــــﻪرﻣـــــﺎن‬L haystack, threshing
floor; ~a ‫ـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ‬L halo around the moon;
deceived, tricked ~ân ‫ـــــــﻪرﻣـــــــﺎ‡ن‬L the month of Virgo

khałatândin ‫ﻧـــﺪن‬c‫ـــﻪ‬T‫ـــﻪ‬L v.t. to deceive, (August 23–September 22)

trick khars ‫ـــــــــﻪرس‬L estimate, guess; ~ândin
‫ـﻪرﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬L v.t. to estimate; ~-kirdin v.t.
khałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ـﻪ‬L reward; ~-kirdin v.t. to re-
to estimate
ward
kharsak ‫ﻪرﺳﻪک‬L thick woolen carpet
khałef ‫ﻒ‬²T‫ﻪ‬L beehive khartala v‫ﻪ ﺗرﻪ‬L mustard
khałk ‫ﮏ‬T‫ﻪ‬L people khasândin ‫ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬L khasen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ـﻪﺳـ‬L v.t. to
khałq ‫ﻖ‬T‫ﻪ‬L = khałk
khałtân ‫ـﺘـﺎن‬T‫ـﻪ‬L wallowing, floundering; ~ emasculate; to prune

i khwen ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ــﺘــﺎﱏ ﺧــﻮ‬T‫ــﻪ‬L weltering in khasârat ‫ﻪﺳﺎرﻩت‬L loss
Khasraw Parwez ‫ـــــــﺰ‬¤‫ـــــــﻪﴎﻩو ﭘـــــــﻪرو‬L
blood
Chosroës Parvez, Sassanian shah of
kham ‫ــﻪم‬L worry, sorrow; ~bâr ‫ــﺎر‬m‫ــﻪﻣــ‬L Iran
sorrow-raining; ~girtû ‫ـﻪﻣـﮕـ ﺗﺮـﻮو‬L griev-
ing, sad; ~gîn ‫ـﻪﻣـﮕـﲔ‬L sorrowful, sad; khasû ‫ـــــــﻪﺳـــــــﻮو‬L mother-in-law, son’s
~khor ‫ــﻪﳐــﯚر‬L sympathetic, consoler;
~nâk ‫ﺎک‬ž‫ﻪﻣ‬L sad wife’s mother

khamłân ‫ن‬Ë‫ـﻪﻣـ‬L khamłe- ‰‫ـ‬k‫ـﻪﻣـ‬L v.i. to be khat ‫ﻪت‬L line
khatana ‫ـــﻪﺗـــﻪﻧـــﻪ‬L circumcision; ~sûrân
decorated, embellished
‫ﻪﺗﻪﻧﻪﺳﻮوران‬L circumcision celebration
khamřa ‫ﻩ‬g‫ﻪﻣ‬L large vat khatar ‫ﻪﺗﻪر‬L grave, serious
khamza ‫ﻪﻣﺰﻩ‬L wink khaw ‫ــــــــﻪو‬L sleep, dream; ~yân le kawt
khana ‫ﻪﻧﻪ‬L henna
khandak ‫ﻪﻧﺪﻩک‬L ditch they fell asleep; pres. stem of khaw-
khanjar ‫ــﻪﳒــﻪر‬L dagger; dânà bar ~ v.t.
tin; ~~î ‫ـــــــــﻪوی‬L‫ـــــــــﻪو‬L sleepy-head;
to stab, cut with a knife ~anûchka ‫ﻪوﻩﻧﻮوﭼﮑﻪ‬L drowsiness
khawin ‫ـــــــــــــﻪون‬L dream; ~-dîtin v.t. to
khar- ‫ــــﻪر‬L (imperative stem of khistin):
dream
bíkhara (impt. sing) throw!
khawtin ‫ــــﻦ‬Ž‫ــــﻪو‬L khaw- ‫ــــﻪو‬L v.i. to lie
kharand ‫ﻪرﻩﻧﺪ‬L ditch, cesspool
kharâb ‫ﻪراب‬L bad, out of order, broken down; to sleep: khawtûa he’s asleep
kharâmân ‫ـــــﻪراﻣـــــﺎن‬L graceful, walking
khayâł ‫ڵ‬p‫ـﻪ‬L idea, thought; imagination;
stately
ba ~ i …dâ hâtin to occur to the
kharâp ‫ﻪراپ‬L = khirâp mind of
kharâw ‫ـﻪراو‬L = kharâb; ~akar ‫ـﻪراوﻩﮐـﻪ‬L
khayâr ‫ر‬p‫ﻪ‬L cucumber
‫ر‬, ~akâr ‫ــــﻪراوﻩﰷر‬L robber; ~-witin v.t. khazałwar ‫ــﻮﻩر‬T‫ــﻪزﻩ‬L the month of Scor-

to curse pio (October 23–November 21)

kharbâr ‫ـﻪر¶ر‬L large measure of weight, khazâł ‫ﻪزاڵ‬L gazelle
khazâm ‫ﻪزام‬L = khazân
300 kilos khazân ‫ﻪزان‬L autumn
khazena ‫ﻨﻪ‬l‫ﻪز‬L treasury
kharek ‫ﮏ‬¤‫ﻪر‬L = kharîk khazna ‫ـــــﻪ ﻧزـــــﻪ‬L treasury; pool in public
kharîb ‫ﻪرﯾﺐ‬L stranger
kharîk ‫ــﮏ‬a‫ــﻪر‬L busy, occupied; kharîk-

196

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

bath; ~dâr ‫ﻪ ﻧزﻪدار‬L treasurer ‫ دوور‬the Far East
khazr ‫ﻪزر‬L anger khâwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ﺎو‬L clean, tidy
khazûr(a) ‫ـــــــﻪزوور‬L father-in-law, son’s khâya ‫ــﺎﯾــﻪ‬L egg; testicle; ~ron ‫ــﺎﯾــﻪرۆن‬L

wife’s father fried egg

khâch ‫ﺎچ‬L cross khe ‰‫ ﺧ‬habit, custom
khâk ‫ﺎک‬L earth, dust; ~âwî dusty, dirty kher ‫ــــﺮ‬Œ‫ــــ‬L good; ba ~ well: ba ~ bît be
khâkalewa ‫ــﻮﻩ‬²‫ــ˜ﮐــﻪﻟــ‬L Aries (March 21–
well; qsa i ~ kirdin bo to put in a
April 20) good word for: qsayèk i kherî bo
bikirdîtâya she could have put in a
khâł1 ‫ــﺎڵ‬L maternal uncle; ~o ‫ــﯚ‬T‫ــﺎ‬L uncle good word for you

(maternal) kherâ ‫ــــﺮا‬Œ‫ــــ‬L quick, soon, fast; ba ~î ‫ﺑــــﻪ‬
‫ﺮاﱙ‬ŒL quickly, rapidly
khâł2 ‫ـــﺎڵ‬L spot, mole (on skin); tattoo; ~
u mîl ‫ـــﺎڵ و ﻣـــ;ـــﻞ‬L colors on neck and kherâtin-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ـﺮا‬Œ‫ـ‬L v.t. to wel-

breast of partridge, (meta.) beauty of come
the beloved; ~-kutân v.t. to tattoo
khesa-kirdin la v ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ـﺴـﻪ‬Œ‫ـ‬L v.t. to turn
khâm ‫ﺎم‬L raw
khâma ‫ﺎﻣﻪ‬L pencil, pen away from
khâmosh ‫ــﺎﻣــﯚش‬L quiet, peaceful; silent;
khew ‫ ﺧ´ﻮ‬owner, lord
~-kirdin v.t. to extinguish; ~î quiet- khewand ‫ = ﺧ´ﻮﻩﻧﺪ‬khew
ness khewat ‫ ﺧـــــ´ـــــﻮﻩت‬tent; ~ hał-dân v.t. to

khân1 ‫ﺎن‬L khan, chief; ~im ‫ﺎﱎ‬L lady pitch a tent
khân2 ‫ﺎن‬L inn; ~chî ‫ﯽ‬#‫ﺎ‬L innkeeper
khâna ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪ‬L house; ~khirâp ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﺮاپ‬L un- khezân ‫ــﺰان‬Œ‫ــ‬L members of a family, de-
pendents; ~dâr ‫ــــﺰاﻧــــﺪار‬Œ‫ــــ‬L man with
lucky; ~khwe ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﻮێ‬L host; ~qâ ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪﻗـﺎ‬L
many mouths to feed
khanaqah, dervish hostel; ~wâda
khida ‫ﺪﻩ‬L custom, manner
‫ﺎﻧﻪوادﻩ‬L family, wealthy family khil ‫ــﻞ‬L rolling; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to roll
khânulân ‫ـــــﺎﻧـــــﻮﻻن‬L family, home; be~
down: bardèkim khil kirdawa I rolled
‫ـﺎﻧـﻮﻻن‬Ø‫ـ‬²‫ ﺑـ‬homeless; be~-kirdin v.t. to
render homeless; be~î ‫ـﺎﻧـﻮﻻﱏ‬Ø‫ـ‬²‫ ﺑـ‬home- a stone down; ~a~ ‫ــــــﻞ‬Lƒ‫ــــــ‬L rolling,

lessness bouncing

khânû ‫ﺎﻧﻮو‬L house khiłâfândin ‫ﻓﺎﻧﺪن‬ËL v.t. to trick, deceive
khâpûr-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ـــﺎﭘـــﻮور‬L v.t. to ruin, khilena ‫ﻨﻪ‬²‫ﻠ‬L molar (tooth)
khilîsk ‫ــــﻠــــ›ــــﺴــــﮏ‬L slippery, slimy; ~a
destroy
‫ـﻠـ›ـﺴـﮑـﻪ‬L slippery place; ~âne ê‫ـﻠـ›ـﺴـﲀ‬L
khâs ‫ﺎس‬L good ice-skating; ~ân ‫ـﻠـ›ـﺴـﲀن‬L /~în ‫ـﻠـ›ـﺴـﮑـﲔ‬L
khâsatan ‫ﺎﺳﻪﺗﻪن‬L especially
khâshkhâsh ‫ﺎش‬Ø‫ﺎﺷ‬L poppy v.i. to slip (on ice)
khâtir ‫ـﺮ‬Ž‫ـﺎ‬L mind; ~ i ‫ـﺮی‬Ž‫ـﺎ‬L for the sake
khinkân ‫ـــﲀن‬ž‫ ﺧـــ‬khinke- ‰‫ـــﮑـــ‬ž‫ ﺧـــ‬v.i. to
of; ~jam ‫ــﺮ•ــﻪم‬Ž‫ــﺎ‬L with mind at ease,
reassured; ~khwâ ‫ﺮﺧﻮا‬Ž‫ﺎ‬L in love choke; to drown
khâw ‫ـــﺎو‬L = khâm; = khaw; ~-bûnawa
khiř1 g‫ ﺧـــــــــــ‬round: top i zawî khiřa the
v.i. to lose patience; ~ u khezân
earth is round; ~-bûnawa v.i. to
‫ﺰان‬ŒL‫ﺎوو‬L all the members of a family gather: la chî khiř bûnawa what did
khâwa ‫ﺎوﻩ‬L toll they gather for?; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to
khâwan ‫ـﺎوﻩن‬L owner, possessor; ~shiko
shut tight, slam; ~ u khâłî ‫ــﯽ‬T‫ــﺎ‬L ‫ و‬g‫ﺧــ‬
‫ﺸﮑﯚ‬ë‫ﺎوﻩ‬L lord, master empty; ~ u khoł ‫ و ﺧﯚڵ‬g‫ ﺧ‬pretty
khâwar ‫ـﺎوﻩر‬L east, orient; ~ i dûr ‫ـﺎوﻩرى‬L khiř2 g‫ ﺧ‬too big, too large
khirâ ‫ ﺧــــﺮا‬displeasing; ~î-kirdin ba v.t.

to be angry with, displeased by: agar

197

SORANI KURDISH

aw kârá nakan, khirâî’tân pe dakam nim dâkhist I pulled down the tree
if you don’t do it, I’ll be angry with branches, la khajâłatî sarî dâkhist he
you lowered his head in shame; (4) to
store, put up (food): âzûqam dâkhist I
khirân ‫ ﺧــﺮان‬khire- ‫ ﺧــﺮێ‬v.p. passive of put up provisions

khistin; râ-~ to grow, sprout khitûka ‫ــــﻮوﮐــــﻪ‬µ‫ ﺧــــ‬tickle; ~-dân v.t. to

khirâp ‫ ﺧـــــــﺮاپ‬bad, awful, wrong: ~ te- tickle

gayshtûy you’ve misunderstood; ~ khizân ‫ ﺧــــــﺰان‬khize- ‫ ﺧــــــﺰێ‬v.i. to slip,
geřânawa la bâra i …dâ v.i. to
crawl; ~ la to draw near to; râ-~ to
speak ill of; ~a ‫ ﺧـﺮاﭘـﻪ‬bad deed; ~akâr sprout
‫ ﺧــﺮاﭘــﻪﰷر‬evil-doer, maleficent; ~akârî
‫ ﺧﺮاﭘﻪﰷری‬evil, maleficence khizm ‫ ﺧـﺰم‬family; ~âyatî ‫ ﺧـﺰﻣـﺎﯾـﻪﰏ‬family
khiřka ‫ﮐﻪ‬g‫ ﺧ‬pebble; ~bard ‫ﮐﻪﺑﻪرد‬g‫ ﺧ‬ditto
khiroshân ‫ ﺧـﺮۆﺷـﺎن‬khiroshe- ‰‫ ﺧـﺮۆﺷـ‬v.i. relationship

to be in turmoil, commotion khizmat ‫ ﺧـﺰﻣـﻪت‬service; ~kâr ‫ـﲀر‬Ž‫ﺧـﺰﻣـﻪ‬

khirt ‫ ﺧـﺮت‬cylindrical; ~ u pirt ‫ـﺮت‬º‫ﺧـﺮتو‬ servant; ~-kirdin v.t. to serve;
junk, worthless things; ~ak ‫ﺧـــــ ﺗﺮـــــﻪک‬ gayshtin ba ~ i to meet, see
(honorific)
roller (for a chair, bed, &c.)
khîm ‫ ﺧﲓ‬foundation; race, origin
khish|ân ‫ ﺧـــﺸـــﺎن‬khishe- ‰‫ ﺧـــﺸـــ‬v.i. to khîrat ‫ﲑﻩت‬L bravery, manly honor
crawl; ~ândin ‫ ﺧـﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن‬khishen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﺧـﺸـ‬ khîzałân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ﲒﻩ‬L sand, sandy patch
v.t. to drag on the ground; ~în ‫ﺧـــﺸـــﲔ‬ kho ‫ ﺧـــــﯚ‬self (normally kho refers to the

v.i. to creep, crawl subject of the verb of the clause in
which it occurs: kho’y kusht he killed
khishił Ç‫ ﺧﺸ‬ornament himself; with a pron. encl. it also
khishka u pishka ‫ـﺸـﮑـﻪ‬é‫ ﺧـﺸـﮑـﻪو‬creeping functions as a stressed pronoun: kâb-
râ kuřaká’y kusht u amjâr hařasha i
and crawling awa’y le kird ka kho’ysh’î bikuzhe the
man killed her son and then he threat-
khisht ‫ ﺧـــــــﺸـــــــﺖ‬skewer; brick, slab of ened to kill her too); la ~awa by one-
self; la ~’râ by oneself; ~-dâ-girtin
baked clay v.t. to lurk in ambush; ~-dâ-kutân v.t.
to take root; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to sacrifice
khishta ‫ــﺘــﻪ‬8‫ ﺧــﺸــ‬level; la ~ birdin v.t. to oneself, lay down one’s life; ~-girtin

level, ruin, destroy, (meta.) to have
illicit relations with, to corrupt

khistin ‫ ﺧــﺴــﱳ‬kha- ‫ــﻪ‬L (v.t., impt. sing.

bikhara; pass. khirân) to throw, put;
~à … to throw into: pâdshâ awânî

khistà bandîkhâna the king threw v.t. to have patience, be stable; to be
them into prison; ~awa to build, success-ful; ~-keshânawa v.t. to

make; ~à …awa to pour s.th. into …: withdraw, secede; ~-khurândin v.t.
daykhamà kupałayèk i damtangawa to scratch oneself; to participate in

I’ll pour it into a jar with a narrow charitable affairs; ~-khwârdinawa
neck; ~à sar to fulfill a wish, to help
someone accomplish a goal; dar-~ to v.t. to suffer in silence; ~m ‫ ﺧــــــﯚم‬my-

self; ~-pârâstin v.t. to defend oneself;

express; dâ-~ (1) to shut, close: dar- ~t yourself; ~y him/herself
gây dâkhist he shut the door; dalâ-
qaká’y la sar dâkhistinawa he shut khobâî ‫ ﺧﯚ¶ﰃ‬pride, self-satisfaction
the trap door over them; (2) to spread: khokhor ‫ ﺧـــــﯚﺧـــــﯚر‬xenophile, enemy to

one’s one people: kurd’îsh chi kurd

bařakam dâkhist I spread out the rug; a? mîłat i khokhora pekawa / bo gyân
(3) to pull down, lower: likadârakâ- u mâł i yektirî simkoł dakan la khoł

198

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

(Malâ Mârif) And what are the the British didn’t like him; na~ ‫ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚش‬
Kurds? A self-destructive nation alto-
gether stomping their hooves in the ill, sick
dust to get at each other’s lives and
property khosha ‫ ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ‬ear of grain; ~chîn ‫ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ‬
‫ ¸ﲔ‬gleaner
khokird ‫ﺮد‬B‫ ﺧﯚ‬natural, not artificial
khoł ‫ ﺧـــــــــــﯚڵ‬dust; ~ i mirdû ba sar’dâ khoshajân ‫ ﺧﯚﺷﻪ•ﺎن‬cheers, bon appetit
khoshawîst ‫ ﺧـﯚﺷـﻪو§ـﺴـﺖ‬beloved, dear; ~î
kirân to be in mourning: khałkakáy
dałey khoł i mirdû’yân ba sar’dâ love
kirâwa you’d think the people were in
mourning; ~akawa ashes; ~amesh khoshâw ‫ ﺧـــــﯚﺷـــــﺎو‬dried fruit soaked in

‫ﺶ‬Œ‫ﻪﻣ‬T‫ ﺧﯚ‬ashes; ~ameshî ‫ﺸﯽ‬Œ‫ﻪﻣ‬T‫ ﺧﻮ‬gray water
khomâłî ‫ـﯽ‬T‫ ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎ‬domestic, personal, own:
khoshbîn ‫ﺒﲔ‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬optimistic
khoshchezha ‫ـﮋﻩ‬Œ‫ـ‬Â‫ ﺧـﯚﺷـ‬good-tasting, de-

licious

khoshdamâkh ‫ ﺧـــﯚﺷـــﺪﻩﻣـــﺎخ‬happy, in a
zimân i ~ mother tongue good mood

khoparist ‫ ﺧﯚﭘﻪرﺳﺖ‬selfish khoshḥâl ‫ ﺧﯚﴮﺎل‬happy, pleased
khopasind ‫ـﻨـﺪ‬8‫ ﺧـﯚﭘـﻪﺳ‬self-satisfied, egotis- khoshî ‫ ﺧــﯚﳽ‬pleasure, fun; la ~ân’dâ v

tical ‫ﻴﺎﻧﺪا‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬in joy and happiness
khoshken ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑـ‬humble; ~î ‫ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑـ´ـﲎ‬
khopârezî ‫ﺰی‬¤‫ ﺧﯚﭘﺎر‬self-defense
khor ‫ ﺧـــﯚر‬sun; ~ałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ ﺧـــﯚرﻩ‬east, sun- humility

rise; ~atâw ‫و‬c‫ ﺧـــﯚرﻩ‬sun; ~âwâ ‫ﺧـــﯚراوا‬ khoshkhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬Ø‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬tannery
west, sunset; ~hałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ ﺧــــﯚرﻫــــﻪ‬east; khoshkok ‫ ﺧﯚﺷﮑﯚک‬pretty
~nishîn ‫ــﺸــﲔ‬ë‫ ﺧــﯚر‬west(ern); ~wazân khoshlîbâs ‫ ﺧـﯚﺷـﻠـﻴـﺒـﺎس‬well-dressed, dan-
‫ ﺧﯚروﻩزان‬east
-khor ‫ ﺧــــــﯚر‬suffix meaning eating, con- dy

suming khoshmaza ‫ ﺧﯚﴰﻪزﻩ‬delicious
khoshnâw ‫ﻨﺎو‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬renowned
khoř ‫ ﺧﯚڕ‬blood; fast flowing of water khoshnûs ‫ـــﻨـــﻮوس‬8‫ ﺧـــﯚﺷـــ‬calligrapher; ~î
khorâî ‫ ﺧﯚراﰃ‬free, gratis
khořâî ‫ ﺧﯚڕاﰃ‬dictator ‫ﻨﻮوﳻ‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬calligraphy
khorâk ‫ ﺧﯚراک‬food khoshposh ‫ﭙﯚش‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬well-dressed
khořang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﺧﯚڕﻩ‬natural color, colorfast khotâsh ‫ش‬c‫ ﺧﯚ‬electric razor
khořâ ‫ ﺧﯚڕا‬stubborn, intractable khoy ‫ ﺧﯚی‬sweat, dew
khorist ‫ ﺧﯚرﺳﺖ‬wild, uncultivated khozga ‫ ﺧــــــﯚزﮔــــــﻪ‬would that (+ irrealis
khort ‫ ﺧﯚرت‬young, youth
khosh ‫ﺧــﯚش‬, khwash ‫ ﺧــﻮﻩش‬good, well; mood): khozga ahâtî would that you
had come; ~-birdin v.t. to wish; ~-
~ râ-bwârdin v.t. to have a good khwârdin v.t. to wish
time, enjoy: l’ awe khoshmân râ-
bwârd we had a good time there; ~- khudâ ‫ ﺧﻮدا‬God; ~î divine, God-given
bûn ba to be happy with, pleased by: khul ‫ ﺧــــﻮل‬turn, revolution; ~-dân v.t. to
pem khosh bû hâtî I’m glad you
came; ~-kirdin v.t. to be nice: hawâ revolve; ~-khwardin v.t. to revolve,
khoshî kird the weather turned nice;
to fan a flame; to make ready, to im- spin (int.); ~ân ‫ ﺧـﻮﻻن‬khule- ‰‫ ﺧـﻮﻟـ‬v.i.
prove; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to make up,
make peace; ~-wîstin v.t. to love, to to spin, turn
like: înglîsîakân khoshyân nawîstûa
khulyâ ‫ ﺧﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬wish, desire, daydream
khuncha ‫ﻪ‬#‫ ﺧﻮ‬bud
khuř ‫ ﺧـﻮڕ‬sudden rush of water, in flood;

khwen u ~ ‫ﻦوﺧﻮڕ‬¤‫ ﺧﻮ‬hemorrhage
khurân1 ‫ ﺧــﻮران‬khure- ‫ ﺧــﻮرێ‬v.i. to itch;

~din ‫ ﺧــﻮراﻧــﺪن‬khuren- ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ ﺧــﻮر‬v.t. to

199

SORANI KURDISH

scratch ‫ ﺧــــــــــــــﻮاروو‬south; hâtinà ~e to come

khurân2 ‫ ﺧـﯚران‬khure- ‫ ﺧـﻮرێ‬v.p. passive down, get down; khistinà ~awa v.t.
to throw down
of khwârdin
khwârdin ‫ ﺧـــــﻮاردن‬kho- ‫( ﺧـــــﯚ‬v.t., pass.
khurd ‫ ﺧـــﻮرد‬food; small, tiny; ~a ‫ﺧـــﻮردﻩ‬
small change; ~agîr ‫ ﺧـــﻮردﻩﮔـــﲑ‬carper, khurân) to eat; ~awa to drink

caviler khwâs ‫ ﺧﻮاس‬bare (foot, head)
khwâst ‫ ﺧــﻮاﺳــﺖ‬request; ~-kirdin v.t. to
khurî ‫ ﺧﻮری‬wool
khuřîn ‫ـــﻦ‬a‫ ﺧـــﻮڕ‬v.t. to yell, shout, neigh, request

whinny; te-~ to yell at, shout at khwâstin ‫ ﺧــــﻮاﺳــــﱳ‬khwâz- ‫ ﺧــــﻮاز‬v.t. to

khurj ‫ ﺧﻮرج‬saddlebag want, desire
khurmâ ‫ ﺧﻮرﻣﺎ‬date
khurosh ‫ ﺧــــــــــــــﻮرۆش‬scream, yell; ~ân khwâzbenî ‫ـﲎ‬Œ‫ ﺧـﻮازﺑـ‬proposal of marriage,

‫ ﺧــﻮرۆﺷــﺎن‬khuroshe- ‰‫ ﺧــﻮرۆﺷــ‬v.i. to engagement ceremony; ~ i X kirdin
la Y v.t. to ask Y for X’s hand in mar-

scream, to yell riage: khwâzbenî i kichá la âshawân
dakâ he asks the miller for the girl’s
khurt ‫ ﺧﻮرت‬powerful, strong
khurûka ‫ ﺧﻮرووﮐﻪ‬pox, pockmark hand in marriage; ~kar ‫ـ;ـﮑـﻪر‬À‫ـ‬²‫ ﺧـﻮازﺑـ‬suit-
khusa ‫ ﺧﻮﺳﻪ‬sorrow
khut-u-khořâî ‫ ﺧـــﻮﺗـــﻮﺧـــﯚڕاﰃ‬for no good or

reason, for no reason at all khwâztin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ = ﺧﻮاز‬khwâstin
khwe1 ‫ ﺧـــﻮێ‬owner: khâna~ ‫ـــﺎﻧـــﻪﺧـــﻮێ‬L
khuyâ-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B p‫ ﺧــــــﻮ‬v.t. to show,
householder, home-owner, host;
make obvious
khwena~ ‫ـﻨـﻪﺧـﻮێ‬l‫ ﺧـﻮا‬avenger, seeking
khû ‫ ﺧـﻮو‬custom; ~-girtin v.t. to become
retaliation
accustomed
khwe2 ‫ ﺧﻮێ‬salt
khûg ‫ ﺧﻮوگ‬pig khwen ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﺧـﻮ‬blood; ~akhwe ‫ـﻨـﻪﺧـﻮێ‬l‫ﺧـﻮ‬
khûsân ‫ ﺧــﻮوﺳــﺎن‬v.i. to get soft in water;
avenger; ~bast ‫ــﻪﺳــﺖ‬m‫ــ‬À‫ــ‬l‫ﺧــﻮ‬, ~dâku-
~din ‫ ﺧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬khûsen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺧـﻮوﺳـ‬v.t. to zhândin ‫ـــﻮژاﻧـــﺪن‬Bä‫ـــﻨـــﺪ‬l‫ ﺧـــﻮ‬cease-fire;
~garm ‫ــﻨــﮕــﻪرم‬l‫ ﺧــﻮ‬hot-blooded; ~gir
soften in water ‫ـﻨـﮕـﺮ‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬immediate member of a mur-

khûzh ‫ ﺧﻮوژ‬hunchbacked dered man’s family; ~jimmân
khwar ‫ ﺧﻮﻩر‬sun
khwash ‫ = ﺧﻮﻩش‬khosh ‫ـﻨـﺠـﻤـﲈن‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬blood pressure; ~kar ‫ـﻨـﮑـﻪر‬l‫ﺧـﻮ‬
khwayshk ‫ ﺧﻮﻩ§ﺸﮏ‬sister murderer; ~khwâ ‫ـﻨـﺨـﻮا‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬bloodthirsty;
khwâ1 ‫ ﺧــــــﻮا‬God: khwâ yek a u nâbe ba ~khwâr ‫ـﻨـﺨـﻮار‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬mortal enemy; ~rizh
‫ـــﲊژ‬l‫ ﺧـــﻮ‬bloodshedder, murderer; ~tâł
dû God is one and is not two (an oath, ‫ﺎڵ‬µÀl‫ ﺧﻮ‬dull, sluggish
“by God almighty”); ~bakhshîw the khwen|din ‫ـﻨـﺪن‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬khwen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﺧـﻮ‬v.t. to
late (for a deceased person); ~ḥâfîz call; to read; ~dawâr ‫ـﻨـﺪﻩوار‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬literate;
na~dawâr ‫ــﻨــﺪﻩوار‬l‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﻮ‬illiterate; ~ar
‫ ﺧــﻮا„ــﺎﻓــﲒ‬good-bye; ~ḥâfîzî kirdin la ‫ﻨﻪر‬l‫ ﺧﻮ‬reader
khweřâî ‫اﰃ‬g¤‫ ﺧﻮ‬free, at no cost
v.t. to say good-bye to; ~leykhoshbû khwishk ‫ ﺧــﻮﺷــﮏ‬sister; ~azâ ‫ﺧــﻮﺷــﮑــﻪزا‬
nephew, niece; ~âyatî ‫ ﺧــﻮﺷــﲀﯾــﻪﰏ‬sis-
‫ـﺒـﻮو‬8‫ﯽ ﺧـﯚﺷـ‬Š‫ـ‬²‫ ﺧـﻮا ﻟـ‬the late; ~parist ‫ﺧـﻮاﭘـﻪ‬
‫ رﺳﺖ‬God-fearing terhood
khwâ2 ‫ ﺧـﻮا‬whether: ~ bitawe yân natawe
kich ‫ ﮐﭻ‬girl, daughter
whether you want to or not kifn ‫ ﮐـﻔـﻦ‬winding sheet, shroud; ~ u difn

khwâkhwâ ‫ ﺧــﻮاﺧــﻮا‬eager, impatient; ~ i kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮐـﻔـﻦودﻓـﻦ‬v.t. to shroud and

impatient for

khwân ‫ ﺧﻮان‬dining table
khwâr ‫ ﺧـــﻮار‬down; ~è ‫ ﺧـــﻮارێ‬down; ~û

200

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bury ridden

kiłâw ‫و‬Ë‫ ﮐـ‬hat: ~yân chû sare “they were kish|ân ‫ 'ـﺸـﺎن‬kishe- ‰‫ 'ـﺸـ‬v.i. to crawl up;
fooled”; ~řozhina ‫وڕۆ ﻧژــﻪ‬Ë‫ ﮐــ‬window, to pass quickly; ~ân-awa ‫ 'ــﺸــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩ‬to

skylight draw back, go backwards, stretch:
wak lâstîk la bar yek dakishetawa it
kiłesha ‫ــﺸــﻪ‬Œ‫ــ‬k‫ ﮐــ‬corpse; bin ~ i … chûn stretches like rubber; râ-~ân to

v.i. to deceive, dupe stretch out, crawl; ~ândin ‫'ــــﺸــــﺎﻧــــﺪن‬
kishen- ‫ـــــﻦ‬Œ‫ 'ـــــﺸـــــ‬v.t. to drag on the
kilîl ‫ﳇﻴﻞ‬, kiłeł Dzk‫ ﮐ‬key
kilk ‫ ﳇﮏ‬finger; tail; pen ground; to stretch; to weigh; ~ândin-
kiło ‫ـﯚ‬k‫ ﮐـ‬lump, clod, clump; ~ qand ‫ـﯚ‬k‫ﮐـ‬
awa ‫ 'ﺸﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩ‬to pull back; to reweigh
‫ ﻗـﻪﻧـﺪ‬lump of sugar, ~ gił Ç‫ـﯚ ﮔـ‬k‫ ﮐـ‬mud kishtukâł ‫ﺘﻮﰷڵ‬8‫ 'ﺸ‬agriculture
kiz ‫ ﮐــــــﺰ‬limp, thin, light; despondent; ~î
clod
despondency
kiloj ‫ ﳇـــــﯚج‬manner, way: ba hîch ~èk in
kizabâ ¶‫ ﮐﺰﻩ‬cold dry wind
no way whatsoever kizoła-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﺰۆ‬v.t. to cringe
kîlo ‫ﻴﻠﯚ‬B kilogram
kiłoł ‫ﯚڵ‬k‫ ﮐ‬wretched kîzhoła ‫ﻪ‬T‫ۆ‬Ã‫ ﮐ‬young girl
kilor ‫ ﳇﯚر‬hollow ko ‫ ﮐـﯚ‬collection, assembly; ~-bûnawa la
kimîsar ‫ ﳈ›ﺴﻪر‬commissioner
kin ‫ﻦ‬B side, by the side of v.i. to assemble, gather around s.o.;
kip ‫ ﮐــــﭗ‬deaf; silent; ~ u kař ‫ﮐــــﭗوﮐــــﻪڕ‬

deaf: gwem kip u kara my ear’s deaf;

~-kirdin v.t. to silence, shut up: kip- ~(wa)-kirdin v.t. to gather, collect;

mân kirdin we shut them up ~bûnawa (n.) meeting, assembly
kirân ‫ـــﺮان‬B kire- ‫ـــﺮێ‬B v.p. passive of kir- koch ‫ ﮐــــــــﯚچ‬decampment, migration; ~-
din; ~awa to be opened: bakhtî kirâ- kirdin v.t. to leave, depart, decamp; ~

watawa he has had a stroke of luck i dwâî kirdin v.t. to pass away, die;

kirâs ‫ﺮاس‬B shirt ~ar ‫ ﮐـﯚ¸ـﻪر‬migrant, migratory; ~î ‫ﮐـﯚﭼـﻰ‬
kirch ‫ﺮچ‬B upripe, immature
kirda ‫ﺮدﻩ‬B act (year) of the Hegira
kirdawa ‫ﺮدﻩوﻩ‬B behavior, act, deed
kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ka- ‫( ﮐـﻪ‬v.t., passive kirân) to kod ‫ ﮐﯚد‬wooden milk bowl; concave
koł ‫ ﮐــــﯚڵ‬back of the neck, middle of the
do (for -kirdin compounds, see first
shoulders; burden, load; ~-dânawa
v.t. to lay down a burden, to give up;

element); ~à …awa to put s.th. in/on: ba ~’dâ dân v.t. to sling something

daykamà dawrîyèk i pânawa I’ll put it over one’s shoulder: kalupalakáy ko

on a flat plate; ~awa to open; ~ ba kirdawa u ba kolî’dâ dâ u wa re kawt

…dâ to pick up, take away; ~ da to he gathered his things, slung them

set on, put to: râwchî tânjî’yân te kird over his shoulder, and went on his

u kushtyân the hunters set their dogs way; la ~ kawtin v.i. to disappear; la

on it, and they killed it; hał-~ to pass ~ kirdin v.t. to throw over the shoul-
one’s life; to roll up (sleeves, pant
legs); to light (fire); hał-~awa to at- der; ~kesh ‫ـــﺶ‬Œ‫ـــﮑـــ‬T‫ ﮐـــﯚ‬porter; ~wâna
tack ‫ﻮاﻧﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﯚ‬sack, back-pack
kołaka ‫ﻪﮐﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﯚ‬column
kire ‫ﺮێ‬B wage kołân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ ﮐﯚ‬lane
kiřewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬lg‫ ﮐ‬blizzard kołîn ‫ـــﲔ‬T‫ ﮐـــﯚ‬koł- ‫ ﮐـــﯚڵ‬v.i. to boil; ~awa
kirekâr ‫ﲀر‬¤‫ﺮ‬B laborer, worker ‫ـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ‬T‫ ﮐـﯚ‬v.t. to investigate, research; le-
kiřîn ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ = ﮐ‬křîn ~awa ‫ـﮑـﯚﻟـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ‬²‫ ﻟـ‬to assemble; le~awa
kirm ‫ـﺮم‬B worm; ~oł ‫ـﺮﻣـﯚڵ‬B wormy, worm- ‫ﻴﻨﻪوﻩ‬T‫ﮑﯚ‬²‫ ﻟ‬assembly, council

201

SORANI KURDISH

kołka ‫ـﮑـﻪ‬T‫ ﮐـﯚ‬imperfect, pseudo- (precedes kufr ‫ﻮﻓﺮ‬B ingratitude; curse
kul ‫ﻮل‬B eye, sight
word it modifies): ~malâ pseudo- kuł1 ‫ـــــــــــــﻮڵ‬B boiling, raging grief, over-
mulla, ~shekh pseudo-sheykh, ~pyâw

half-baked guy whelming sorrow; hâtinà ~ to come
to a boil; ~ u ko raging, boiling:
komał ‫ ﮐـــــــﯚﻣـــــــﻪڵ‬society, organization; kułuko dâmird it went up in flames;
~âyatî ‫ﯾــﻪﰏ‬Ÿ‫ ﮐــﯚﻣــﻪ‬societal, social; ~ga
‫ﮕﻪ‬T‫ﮐﯚﻣﻪ‬, ~gâ ‫ﮕﺎ‬T‫ ﮐﯚﻣﻪ‬society ~ân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ـﻮ‬B kułe- ‰‫ـ‬T‫ـﻮ‬B v.i. to boil; ~ândin
‫ﻧﺪن‬Ÿ‫ﻮ‬B kułen- ‫ﻦ‬ŒT‫ﻮ‬B v.t. to boil
komâr ‫ ﮐﯚﻣﺎر‬tribe, nation, republic kuł2 ‫ ﮐﯚڵ‬short
kon1 ‫ ﮐـﯚن‬old; ~asâł ‫ ﮐـﯚﻧـﻪﺳـﺎڵ‬aged, old in kun ‫ــــــــــــﻮن‬B hole, lair, nest; ~-kirdin to
make a hole, to pierce; ~â ‡‫ــــــــﻮ‬B hole;
years ~âmurî ‫ﻮ‡ﻣﻮری‬B anthill
kundabu ‫ﻮﻧﺪﻩﺑﻮ‬B owl
kon2 ‫ ﮐﯚن‬tent kunna ‫ﻮﻧﻨﻪ‬B water sack
kor ‫ ﮐـﯚر‬blind; ~awar ‫ ﮐـﯚرﻩوﻩر‬miserable; kupała ‫ﻪ‬T‫ﻮﭘﻪ‬B jar, jug
kuř ‫ﻮڕ‬B boy, son
~î ‫ ﮐﯚری‬misery kurd ‫ـــــﻮرد‬B Kurd; ~awârî ‫ـــــﻮردﻩواری‬B the
koř ‫ ﮐـــﯚڕ‬gathering place, meeting place; Kurds; ~âyatî ‫ـــﻮرداﯾـــﻪﰏ‬B Kurdishness;
~istân ‫ــﺘــﺎن‬8‫ــﻮردﺳــ‬B Kurdistan; ~î ‫ــﻮردی‬B
society; group, delegation: ~èk i am- Kurdish; ~sât ‫ــــﻮردﺳــــﺎت‬B Kurdsat, the
rîkâî châwpekawtinèkyân lagał aw
ḥâkimá bûwa an American delegation Kurdish satellite broadcast network
has had an interview with that ruler;
~-bastin v.t. to meet, hold a meeting kurkakurke ‰‫ﻮرﮐ‬B‫ﻮرﮐﻪ‬B palpitating
kurt ‫ــﻮرت‬B short; ba ~î ‫ــﻮرﰏ‬B ‫ ﺑــﻪ‬in short;
korpa ‫ ﮐﯚرﭘﻪ‬newborn
kosh ‫ ﮐﯚش‬lap; bar~ ‫ ﺑﻪرﮐﯚش‬apron pâsh ~a wichânèk ‫ــﻚ‬²‫ــﻮ ﺗرــﻪ و¸ــﺎﻧــ‬B ‫ﭘــﺎش‬
koshish ‫ ﮐﯚﺷﺶ‬attempt, endeavor
koshîn ‫ ﮐـﯚﺷـﲔ‬kosh- ‫ ﮐـﯚش‬v.i. to strive; te- after a short pause

~ to attempt, strive kurûshka-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ــﻮرووﺷــﮑــﻪ‬B v.t. to
curl up
koshk ‫ ﮐﯚﺷﮏ‬kiosk, pavilion; palace
kosp ‫ ﮐـــــﯚﺳـــــﭗ‬hill, difficulty: ba be ~ u kushtin ‫ﻮﺷﱳ‬B kuzh- ‫ﻮژ‬B v.t. to kill
kand leaving no stone unturned kut ‫ــﻮت‬B piece; ~-kirdin v.t. to chop into

kot u zinjîr ‫ ﮐـــــﯚت و زﳒـــــﲑ‬shackles and pieces; ~ u mit chûn la ‫ـﻮتوﻣـﺖ ﭼـﻮون‬B
v v.i. to look exactly like; ~ u piř ‫ــﻮت‬B
fetters gº‫ و‬sudden(ly)
kutak ‫ـــﻮﺗـــﻪک‬B strike, blow; ~ pyâ mâłîn
kotara ‫ ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩ‬tree trunk; ~dâr ‫ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩدار‬
v.t. to strike: kutakèk’î pyâ mâłî he
tree trunk struck him

kotâî ‫ﰃ‬c‫ ﮐــﯚ‬end; ~-henân ba v.t. to con- kutân ‫ن‬c‫ـﻮ‬B kute- ì‫ـﻮ‬B v.t. to beat, strike;

clude, put an end to dâ-~ to drive into the ground: aw
singá’m dâkutâ I drove that stake into
kotik ‫ﮏ‬Ž‫ ﮐﯚ‬a wooden bowl
kotir ‫ﺮ‬Ž‫ ﮐﯚ‬dove the ground; hał-~à sar to attack; te-~
kowa-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ = ﮐﯚوﻩ‬ko-kirdin to hit, strike, poke
krân ‫ﺮان‬B kre- ‫ﺮێ‬B = kirân
krândin ‫ـﺮاﻧـﺪن‬B kren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﺮ‬B v.t. to scratch; kutik ‫ﮏ‬Ž‫ﻮ‬B = kutak
hał-~ to scratch kuzh- ‫ﻮژ‬B see kishtin, kuzhân
kuzhân ‫ــﻮژان‬B kuzhe- ‫ــﻮژێ‬B v.i. to go out,
křîn ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ ﮐ‬kř- g‫ ﮐ‬v.t. to buy
kroshtin ‫ـﺮۆﺷـﱳ‬B krozh- ‫ـﺮۆژ‬B v.t.; dâ-~ to be extinguished; ~awa ‫ــــﻮژاﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬B to be

crunch with the teeth extinguished, be silenced

ktâw ‫ ﮐـﺘـﺎو‬book; ~î ‫ ﮐـﺘـﺎوی‬student; ~khâna
‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ ﮐﺘﺎو‬library

ktew ‫ﻮ‬²‫ = ﮐﺘ‬ktâw

202

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

kuzhândin ‫ـﻮژاﻧـﺪن‬B kuzhen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﻮژ‬B v.t. to vicious, spiteful
extinguish; dâ-~ to extinguish, put lanja ‫ﳒـــــــﻪ‬v stately walk, grace; ~-u-lâr
out stately, graceful walk

kûcha ‫ﻮو¸ﻪ‬B lane laq ‫ق‬v loose; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen,
kûp ‫ﻮوپ‬B vat; ~ala v‫ﻮوﭘﻪ‬B jar
kûř ‫ﻮوڕ‬B deep, steep shake loose; shwen ~-kirdin ba to
kûtâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ﻮو‬B goods, wares dislodge, displace: b’ aw hîwâyáî
kûzh- ‫ﻮوژ‬B = kuzh- shwen’yân pe laq nakâ in hopes that
kwâ ‫ﻮا‬B where is…? he wouldn’t displace them
kwe ‫ﻮێ‬B where?: la ~ya? where is it?
kwen (1) ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ﻮ‬B = ken, (2) = kwe laqab ‫ﻗﻪب‬v title, nickname
kwer ‫ـــﺮ‬¤‫ـــﻮ‬B blind; ~awar ‫ـــﺮﻩوﻩر‬¤‫ـــﻮ‬B mis- laqam ‫ﻗﻪم‬v = laqab
laqândin ‫ﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن‬v laqen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﻗـ‬v v.t. to shake;
erable; ~awarî ‫ـــــــﺮﻩوﻩری‬¤‫ـــــــﻮ‬B misery;
~asawâd ‫ـﺮﻩﺳـﻪواد‬¤‫ـﻮ‬B semi-literacy; ~âî sar-~ to shake the head
‫ﺮاﰃ‬¤‫ﻮ‬B blindness
kwestân ‫ﺘﺎن‬8‫ﺴ‬â‫ﻮ‬B mountainous region laqlaq ‫ق‬ƒ‫ﻗ‬v stork
la v (with encl. pronouns, le) in, at, lař ‫ڕ‬v puny
from; la …-awa from; la …-dâ in, at larîn ‫ــﻦ‬a‫ر‬v lar- ‫ر‬v v.i. to shake; ~-awa to

labar ‫ﺑـــﻪر‬v for the sake of, because of; ~ tremble, quiver

larz|în v.i. ‫ــــﻦ‬a‫رز‬v to shake, tremble; ~ok
‫رزۆک‬v trembling: ba dangèk i ~ pey
wit he said to him in a trembling
voice; zawî la zher pey’dâ dalarzî the

awaî because, since, inasmuch as; ~ ground shook under his foot
dast i …dâ in front of, in the pres-
ence of, with lash ‫ش‬v body
lashkir ‫ﺷـــــﮑـــــﺮ‬v army; ~-keshân v.t. to
labât i ‫¶ﰏ‬v instead of
lagał ‫ﮔــــــﻪڵ‬v with; ~ awaî ka (conj.) de- mobilize an army

lat ‫ت‬v piece, bit; ~-kirdin v.t. to cut
spite the fact that, in addition to the into pieces; ~-u-pat bûn to be

fact that shattered into bits; ~-u-pat kirdin to
tear to pieces
lagham ‫™ﻪم‬v tunnel
laḥîmkrâw ‫ﺣ;ـﻤﮑﺮاو‬v soldered lawařgâ ‫وﻩڕﮔﺎ‬v pasture
laka ‫ﮐـــﻪ‬v spot, stain, blemish; ~dâr ‫ﮐـــﻪ‬v lawař|ândin ‫وﻩڕاﻧــــــــــــﺪن‬v v.t. to pasture,

‫ دار‬stained, spotted; ~-kirdin v.t. to graze; ~în ‫ﻦ‬a‫وﻩڕ‬v to pasture
lâ ‫ ﻻ‬side; ~ i ‫ ﻻی‬for, in the opinion of,
stain
next to, near: lâ i ewâra bû it was
lakhorâzî ‫ﺧﯚرازێ‬v self-satisfied near evening; to: am râzá’y lâ dir-
lamař ‫ﻣﻪڕ‬v = labar kând he disclosed this secret to him; ~
lamaw ‫ﻣــﻪو‬v: ~bar ‫ﻣــﻪوﺑــﻪر‬v previously;
i kam ‫ ﻻی ﮐـــــﻪم‬at least; ~-chûn v.i. to
~pâsh ‫ﻣﻪوﭘﺎش‬v henceforth, hereafter
lamezhîna ‫ﮋﯾﻨﻪ‬Œ‫ﻣ‬v see mezh get away, go aside: lâ cho! get out of
lampar ‫ﻪر‬Ü‫ﻣ‬v obstacle here!; ~-dân v.t. to shove, push aside;
Landan ‫ﻧﺪﻩن‬v London to remove; to take up residence: la
langar ‫ـــﮕـــﻪر‬sv anchor; balance; ~-girtin pař i shârawa lâ’yân dâ khânèk they

v.t. to balance oneself: chona l’ am took up residence in a house on the

sar dîwâr a bârîká langarî girtûa? edge of the city; to be a guest; to de-

how has he kept his balance atop this viate; ~-dirân v.p. to be removed; ba
narrow wall?
~ i …awa ‫هوﻩ‬... ‫ ﺑــﻪ ﻻی‬between; ~t wâ
lanj ‫ﱋ‬v viciousness, spite; ~bâz ‫ﺑــﻪﳒــﺒــﺎز‬ nabe /‫ ﻻت وا ﻧﻪ‬don’t think that…

203

SORANI KURDISH

lâf ‫ ﻻف‬boast; ~-dân v.t. to boast together; ~-dânawa v.t. to interpret:
lâfâw ‫ ﻻﻓﺎو‬flood ba shûm bo khoyân lek dâyawa they
lâga ‫ ﻻﮔﻪ‬village; ~î villager interpreted it as an ill omen; ~-hâtin
lâłân-awa ‫ﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬Ÿ‫ ﻻ‬lâłe- ‰‫ ﻻﻟــــ‬v.i. to beg, v.i. to go well together: makhmar u

beseech konadawâr lek nadahât velvet and
lâmarkazî ‫ ﻻﻣﻪرﮐﻪزی‬decentralization
lân ‫ ﻻن‬extent; ~ i kam ‫ ﻻﱏ ﮐﻪم‬at least old tent material would not go well
lânawâz ‫ ﻻﻧﻪواز‬poor, helpless, lost together; ~-nân to close, put together
lânik ‫ﮏ‬s‫ ﻻ‬cradle the two parts of something: châwa-
lâpařa ‫ ﻻﭘﻪڕﻩ‬page kânim lek-nâ I closed my eyes, kteba-
lâq ‫ ﻻق‬leg ká’m lek nâ I shut the book; ~birrâw
lâr ‫ ﻻر‬crooked; ~ u pâl kawtin ‫ﻻر و ﭘــــﺎل‬
‫او‬É‫ﮑ‬²‫ ﻟ‬separated
‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻛﻪو‬to fall in a heap lekolar ‫ر‬v‫ﮑﯚ‬²‫ ﻟ‬assembler, collector
lâsâr ‫ ﻻﺳـﺎر‬disobedient; ~î ‫ ﻻﺳـﺎرى‬disobe- lekolînawa ‫ـﮑـﯚﻟـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ‬²‫ ﻟـ‬assembly, collec-

dience tion; investigation

lâsha ‫ ﻻﺷﻪ‬corpse leł-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B Dz‫ ﻟ‬v.t. to sully, muddy
lât ‫ ﻻت‬poor, wretched; punk; ~-u-lût lepirsînawa ‫ـﻪوﻩ‬ž‫ـﺮﺳـ›ـ‬Î‫ـ‬²‫ ﻟـ‬interrogation, in-

‫ ﻻتوﻟﻮوت‬ruffian, hooligan vestigation; khistinà bar ~ v.t. to
lâtîr ‫ ﻻﺗـﲑ‬out of the corner of one’s eyes: interrogate

leqawmâw ‫ــﻘــﻪوﻣــﺎو‬²‫ ﻟــ‬grief-stricken (see
~ twâshây kirdim he looked at me out qawmân)
leř gŒ‫ ﻟ‬forest
of the corner of his eyes leshâw ‫ﺸﺎو‬Œ‫ ﻟ‬downpour
lew ‫ﻮ‬²‫ ﻟ‬lip
lâw ‫ ﻻو‬youth, young man lik ‫ــﮏ‬¢ branch, limb; ~adâr ‫ــﮑــﻪدار‬¢ tree
lâwakî ‫ ﻻوﻩﰽ‬foreign
lâwâz ‫ ﻻواز‬skinny branch
lâwech ‫ﭻ‬l‫ ﻻو‬handful
lâyangir ‫ﮕﺮ‬s‫ ﻻﯾﻪ‬partisan liq ‫ = ﻟﻖ‬lik
lâyaq ‫ ﻻﯾﻪق‬appropriate lirf(a) ‫ ﻟﺮف‬،‫ ﻟﺮﻓﻪ‬roar (of a flood, oven)
lâzim ‫ ﻻزم‬necessary lînj ‫ ﻟﻴﻨﺞ‬cloying
le ‰‫ ﻟ‬see la lîra ‫ ﻟﲑﻩ‬lira, pound
le: ~-dân ‫ـــــﺪان‬²‫ ﻟـــــ‬v.t. to hit, strike, play lîta ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﻪ‬mud, mire
lîwân ‫ ﻟﻴﻮان‬drinking glass
(musical instrument); to up and…: lîzga ‫ ﻟﲒﮔﻪ‬beads strung on a string
mâlâwâîy kird u leydâ u roysht he lîzhna ‫ﻪ‬Ã‫ ﻟ ﻧ‬committee
said goodbye and upped and left; ~- loghat ‫ ﻟﯚ™ﻪت‬rumor
kirdin to separate, take away; ~- loghân ‫ ﻟﯚ™ﺎن‬celebration, rejoicing
kirdinawa to separate; pick (fruit); ~- loka ‫ ﻟﯚﮐﻪ‬cotton
nân bo v.t. to fix (food) for: shorbâm lolo ‫ ﻟــــﯚﻟــــﯚ‬beginning of certain Kurdish
bo le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him
songs
łe- ‰T pres. stem of witin
lefa ‫ﻔﻪ‬²‫ ﻟ‬quilt lotî ‫ ﻟـــﯚﰏ‬a professional singer and enter-
lehâtû ‫ﻬﺎﺗﻮو‬²‫ ﻟ‬worthy, considerable
lek ‫ــﮏ‬²‫ ﻟــ‬apart, from one another; ~-bir- tainer

rân v.p. to be separated; ~-bûn v.i. to lulu ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻮ‬pearl
lûra ‫ ﻟـﻮورﻩ‬growl; ~lûr ‫ ﻟـﻮورﻩﻟـﻮور‬continual
resemble each other; to be separated; growling
~-bûn-awa v.i. to break into pieces; lûsh-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻟــــﻮوش‬v.t. to swallow,
to end (hostilities); ~-dân v.t. to mix gulp down

204

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

lût ‫ ﻟـــــﻮوت‬nose; ~ ba bar kho hâtinawa without cause

to regret; ~ ba kho dâ hâtinawa to małâs ‫س‬Ÿ‫ = ﻣﻪ‬miłâz
be humiliated; ~-chûzânawa v.i. to małband ‫ﺒﻪد‬T‫ ﻣﻪ‬area, region
be disappointed; ~-girtin v.t. to hold malotik ‫ـﮏ‬Ž‫ ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ‬, malotka ‫ـﮑـﻪ‬Ž‫ ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ‬babe in
the nose; ~-hał-kirdin v.t. to get
angry; ~-shikân v.i. to be disap- swaddling clothes
pointed, ashamed; ~-shikândin v.t. to
disappoint, to chastize; ~barz haugh- mamik ‫ ﻣﻪﻣﮏ‬breast
ty, nose in the air; dast ba ~awa mamlakat ‫ﮐﻪت‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻪﻣ‬country, realm
girtin to hold one’s nose manjał ‫ ﻣﻪﳒﻪڵ‬pot
manzil ‫ﺰل‬s‫ ﻣﻪ‬stopping place, destination
má- ‫ ﻣـــــــــــﻪ‬neg. imperative prefix: máro maqâm ‫ ﻣﻪﻗﺎم‬station
mař ‫ ﻣﻪڕ‬sheep
don’t go marad ‫ ﻣﻪرﻩد‬state, condition
marâq ‫ ﻣـــﻪراق‬wishing, wondering; la ~ i
mába ‫( ﻣـﻪﺑـﻪ‬neg. impt. sing. of bûn) don’t
…dâ bûn v.i. to wonder about
be
march ‫ ﻣـــﻪرچ‬mashed, squashed; ~în ‫ﻣـــﻪ‬
mabas ‫ ﻣﻪﺑﻪس‬aim, goal ‫ ر¸ـــــــــــــﲔ‬v.i. to be mashed, squashed;
mabast ‫ = ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺖ‬mabas ~ândin ‫ ﻣﻪر¸ﺎﻧﺪن‬v.t. to mash, squash
mabda’ ‫ﻣﻪﺑﺪﻩء‬principle
machak ‫ ﻣﻪ¸ﻪک‬arm marez ‫ـﺰ‬¤‫ ﻣـﻪر‬sick, ill; ~khâna ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪ‬L‫ـﺰ‬¤‫ﻣـﻪر‬
magar (1) ‫ ﻣــﻪﮔــﻪر‬introduces an affirma-
infirmary
tive question to which a negative an-
swer is expected: magar dazânî? you marg ‫ ﻣﻪرگ‬death
don’t know, do you?; (2) introduces a marḥûm ‫ ﻣﻪرﺣﻮوم‬the late
marj ‫ ﻣـﻪرج‬promise, condition; b’ aw ~áî

‫( ﺑـﻪو ﻣـﻪر•ـﻪی‬+ subj.) on condition that,
negative question to which an affir- provided that
mative answer is expected: magar
namgut? didn’t I say so?, (3) unless: markaz ‫ ﻣﻪرﮐﻪز‬center
magar bimirim, danâ daykam unless I mařtaba ‫ ﻣﻪ ﺗڕﻪﺑﻪ‬time, instance; degree
die—otherwise I’ll do it masala v‫ ﻣﻪﺳﻪ‬affair, question, object
masâf ‫ ﻣﻪﺳﺎف‬battle
magaz ‫ ﻣﻪﮔﻪز‬fly mashq ‫ ﻣـﻪﺷـﻖ‬exercise, drill; sar~ ‫ﺳـﻪرﻣـﻪ‬
magîn ‫ = ﻣﻪﮔﲔ‬magar
Maḥmûd ‫ ﻣـﻪﲪـﻮود‬Mahmud, masc. proper ‫ ﺷﻖ‬lesson
mashrût|a ‫ ﻣـــــﻪﴍووﺗـــــﻪ‬constitution; ~a-
name
khwâz ‫ ﻣــﴩووﺗــﻪﺧــﻮاز‬constitutionalist;
mak ‫ﻣـﻪک‬: shit-u-~ ‫ ﺷـﺖوﻣـﻪک‬tools, stuff, ~iyat ‫ ﻣـــﻪﴍووﺗـــﻴـــﻪت‬the Constitutional

paraphernalia Movement in Iran

makân ‫ ﻣﻪﰷن‬place mast ‫ ﻣــﻪﺳــﺖ‬drunk; ~î drunkenness, ine-
makhmar ‫ ﻣﻪﲬﻪر‬velvet
mako ‫ ﻣــﻪﮐــﯚ‬a crowded place, gathering, briation

cluster matał ‫ ﻣـﻪﺗـﻪڵ‬riddle; ~-zândrân v.p. for a

mal ‫ ﻣﻪل‬bird riddle to be figured out
mala v‫ ﻣـــــــــﻪ‬swimming; ~-kirdin v.t. to
matâ-dân ‫ دان‬c‫ ﻣـــــــــــــــﻪ‬to crouch on the
swim; ~wân ‫وان‬v‫ ﻣﻪ‬swimmer
malâ ‫ﻣــــــﻪﻻ‬, małâ Ÿ‫ ﻣــــــﻪ‬mulla, religious ground in expectation, ambush

authority mawdâ (1) ‫ ﻣـﻪودا‬edge, tip (of sword); (2)

malâbângdân ‫ﮕﺪان‬s¶‫ ﻣﻪﻻ‬dawn period (of time); (3) distance: gundèk
małâmat ‫ﻣـــــﻪت‬Ÿ‫ ﻣـــــﻪ‬reason, cause; be~ i dîka habû ka mawdây la mâl i najâr
zor bû there was another village, the
distance of which from the carpen-

205

SORANI KURDISH

ter’s house was great; (4) opportunity, negotiate with, bargain with
chance: mawdâm niya biyânbînim I
won’t have a chance to see them; la ~ mâmir ‫ ﻣﺎﻣﺮ‬chicken
i through, by means of mâmo ‫ ﻣﺎﻣﯚ‬uncle (paternal)
mâmostâ ‫ﺘﺎ‬8‫ ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳ‬teacher
mawzûn ‫ ﻣـﻪوزوون‬metrical, having poetic mân ‫ ﻣــﺎن‬men- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣــ‬v.i. to remain; (neg.,

meter namân) to cease to exist, to be no
more; ~-awa v.i. to stay behind, be
maydân ‫ ﻣﻪﯾﺪان‬field, arena left behind; dâ-~ to be flabbergasted,
maynatî ‫ ﻣﻪﯾﻨﻪﰏ‬grief perplexed; râ-~ to pause, to stop and
maysar ‫ ﻣـﻪ§ـﺴـﻪر‬possible; ~-kirdin v.t. to think

make possible, carry out mânâ ‡‫ ﻣــــــﺎ‬meaning, significance; ~dâr
‫ ﻣﺎ‡دار‬significant
maytar ‫ ﻣﻪﯾﺘﻪر‬groom
mazât ‫ ﻣﻪزات‬auction, sale mândû ‫ ﻣــــــﺎﻧــــــﺪوو‬tired; ~-bûn v.i. to be
mazin ‫ ﻣﻪزن‬great, huge
mazina ‫ = ﻣﻪ ﻧزﻪ‬mazinda tired; ~-kirdin v.t. to tire out: zorî
mazinda ‫ ﻣـﻪ ﻧزـﺪﻩ‬guess, estimate; ~-kirdin mândû kirdim it made me very tired;

ba v.t. to estimate at ~î ‫ ﻣـــــــﺎﻧـــــــﺪووﱙ‬tiredness, exhaustion;

mazrâ ‫ ﻣﻪزرا‬farm ~nabûn kirdin la v.t. to greet
mazrân ‫ ﻣـﻪزران‬mazre- ‫ ﻣـﻪزرێ‬v.i. to stay, someone who is working

dwell, be established; dâ-~ to be set mândwetî ‫ﱴ‬l‫ ﻣﺎﻧﺪو‬tiredness, exhaustion
up (tent), be established, be appointed mâng ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ ﻣـﺎ‬moon, month; ~âna ‫ـﮕـﺎﻧـﻪ‬s‫ﻣـﺎ‬

mazrândin ‫ ﻣـﻪزراﻧـﺪن‬mazren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻣـﻪزر‬v.t.: monthly salary; ~î ‫ــــﮕــــﯽ‬s‫ ﻣــــﺎ‬monthly,

dâ-~ ba to set up (tent), appoint as, lunar
establish
mângâ ‫ﮕﺎ‬s‫ ﻣﺎ‬cow
mâch ‫ ﻣﺎچ‬kiss; ~-kirdin v.t. to kiss mângir ‫ﮕﺮ‬s‫ ﻣﺎ‬obstinate
mâdâm ‫ ﻣﺎدام‬as long as mâr ‫ ﻣﺎر‬snake
mâfûr ‫ ﻣﺎﻓﻮور‬carpet mâra ‫ ﻣــــــﺎرﻩ‬marriage; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
mâł ‫ ﻣـــﺎڵ‬house, home; ~akî ‫ـــﻪﰽ‬T‫ ﻣـــﺎ‬like
give in marriage to: kichaká i khoy le
family, a member of the household; mâra kird he gave him his daughter in

~ât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ ﻣـﺎ‬possessions; ~lakoł ‫ـﻪﮐـﯚڵ‬T‫ﻣـﺎ‬ marriage; ~î ‫ ﻣﺎرﻩﰃ‬wedding gift
mârakuł ‫ﻮڵ‬B‫ ﻣﺎرﻩ‬scorpion
nomadic, vagrant, wanderer; ~werânî mâshen ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣﺎﺷ‬autombile, car
mâsî ‫ ﻣـــﺎﳻ‬fish; ~-girtin v.t. to fish; ~gir
‫ـــــﺮاﱏ‬¤‫ـــــﻮ‬T‫ ﻣـــــﺎ‬destruction, devastation;
‫ﻴﮕﺮ‬8‫ ﻣﺎﺳ‬fisherman
chûnà ~è v.i. to go home mâst ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬yoghurt
mâsûlka ‫ﮑﻪ‬¢‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻮو‬sinew
mâłâwâ ‫وا‬Ÿ‫ ﻣـــﺎ‬goodbye; ~î-kirdin la v.t. mât ‫ ﻣــــــــــﺎت‬silent; stunned into silence;

to say goodbye to grief-stricken; shorter than others: aw

mâłîn ‫ـﲔ‬T‫ ﻣـﺎ‬v.t. to strike, hit; to rub: ronî

pyâ bimâla rub some oil on it; to
sweep; dâ-~ to take off, throw off: jil

i pâshâî’y la bar khoy dâmâlî she bardânaî da regat girtûa yekyân ~a

threw off her regal garb; râ-~ to one of those stones you have lined up

sweep away, drive off, repel; ~awa to is shorter than the others; ~î stunned

take everything away, to clear; to pol- silence; perplexity; sorrow; ~-kirdin

ish to checkmate; to stun into silence

mâm ‫ ﻣﺎم‬paternal uncle mâtam ‫ ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪم‬bereavement; ~zada ‫ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪﻣـﺰﻩدﻩ‬
mâmała ‫ــﻪ‬T‫ ﻣــﺎﻣــﻪ‬transaction, interaction;
bereaved, grieving, mourning
~-kirdin lagał v.t. to interact with; to
mâwa ‫ ﻣـــﺎوﻩ‬period (of time): dwâ i ~yek,

206

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

pâsh ~yèk after a while; mâwayèk râ- ground
bwârd a period of time passed
millat ‫ت‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻠ‬nation
mâyin ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﻣﺎ‬mare mimbârak ‫ ﳑـــــﺒـــــﺎرﻩک‬happy, felicitous,
me ‰‫ ﻣ‬female
megal ‫ ﻣـ´ـﮕـﻪل‬flock, herd; ~ a mař v‫ﻣـ´ـﮕـﻪ‬ blessed

‫ ﻣﻪڕ‬flock of sheep min ‫ ﻣﻦ‬I, me
memil ‫ ﻣ´ﻤﻞ‬calamity, catastrophe minatbâr i ‫ﻪﺗﺒﺎری‬ž‫ ﻣ‬grateful for
merd ‫ﺮد‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬man, husband minâł ‫ـﺎڵ‬ž‫ ﻣـ‬child; ~âna ‫ﻧـﻪ‬Ÿ‫ـﺎ‬ž‫ ﻣـ‬childish; ~î
merg ‫ﺮگ‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬meadow
mesh ‫ـﺶ‬Œ‫ ﻣـ‬fly, honeybee; ~ûla v‫ـﺸـﻮو‬Œ‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬T‫ـﺎ‬ž‫ ﻣـ‬childhood; ~ochka ‫ـﯚﭼـﮑـﻪ‬T‫ـﺎ‬ž‫ ﻣـ‬small

mosquito child, baby

meshik ‫ﺸﮏ‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬brain, mind; skull minâra ‫ﺎرﻩ‬ž‫ ﻣ‬tower, minaret
meshûla v‫ﺸﻮو‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬mosquito mindâł ‫ﺪاڵ‬ž‫ = ﻣ‬minâl
mewa ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮﻩ‬fruit; ~ron ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮﻩرۆن‬marma- minga ‫ـﮕـﻪ‬ž‫ ﻣـ‬snort: mingayèkî lewa dahât

lade: wak mewaron labar dast i u wa dar dakawt he snorted and left
dawlata khâwan zordârân-dâ bûn
they were like putty in the hands of miqomqo ‫ ﻣـــﻘـــﯚﻣـــﻘـــﯚ‬yelling, screaming,
powerful nations
uproar
mewân ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮان‬guest; ~dâr ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮاﻧــﺪار‬host;
~dârî-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻣ´ﻮاﻧﺪاری‬v.t. to host mir ‫ ﻣــــــﺮ‬hen; ~âwî ‫ ﻣــــــﺮاوی‬duck; ~îshk
‫ ﻣﺮ§ﺸﮏ‬chicken
mewizh ‫ ﻣ´ﻮژ‬raisins
mez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬table, desk miř g‫ ﻣــ‬satiated, sated: awanda’y khwâr-
mezar ‫ﺰﻩر‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬turban
mezh ‫ــــﮋ‬Œ‫ ﻣــــ‬long time; la ~-a for a long dûa miř bûa he ate his fill

time, (+ neg. pres. perf.) it’s been a miř-u-misht ‫ و ﻣﺸﺖ‬g‫ ﻣ‬fight, quarrel
long time since: la ~a namdîtûyta it’s moch ‫ ﻣﯚچ‬frowning
been a long time since I saw you, I mirândin ‫ ﻣـﺮاﻧـﺪن‬miren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻣـﺮ‬v.t. to cause
haven’t seen you for a long time;
to die; kho- ~ to play dead
la~îna ‫ﮋﯾﻨﻪ‬Œ‫ﻣ‬v ancient, very old
mezhû ‫ـﮋوو‬Œ‫ ﻣـ‬history; ~nûs ‫ـﮋووﻧـﻮوس‬Œ‫ ﻣـ‬his- mirârî ‫ ﻣﺮاری‬pearl
mirchqândin ‫ ﻣـﺮﭼـﻘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬mirchqen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﻣـﺮﭼـﻘـ‬
torian
v.t. to crumple
midbaq ‫ ﻣﺪﺑﻪق‬kitchen
Miḥamad ‫ﳏـﻪﻣـﻪد‬, Miḥmid ‫ﶊـﺪ‬, Miḥimid mirdâr ‫ ﻣﺮدار‬carrion
mirdin ‫ ﻣﺮدن‬mir- ‫ ﻣﺮ‬v.i. to die
‫ ﶊﺪ‬Mohammed, masc. proper name mirdov ‫ ﻣﺮدۆڤ‬man
mijrî ‫ ﳎﺮی‬box, chest mirdû ‫ ﻣﺮدوو‬dead; ba ~î dead
mil ‫ ﻣـــــــﻞ‬neck; ~-nân la v.t. to head for; mirîshk ‫ ﻣﺮ§ﺸﮏ‬chicken
mirkân ‫ ﻣــﺮﰷن‬v.i. to subside; dâ-~ to set-
~huř ‫ ﻣـــﻠـــﻬـــﻮڕ‬tough, bully; charlatan;
~kach ‫ ﻣـﻠـﮑـﻪچ‬obedient, subservient; la tle down: bo chi nâmirkî why don’t
you settle down?; to die down (flame,
~ dân v.t. to behead fire): âgir dâmirkâwa the fire has died
down; dâ-mirkândin mirken- v.t. to
mił Ç‫ ﻣــــ‬sniff; ~-kirdin v.t. to sniff; ~-u- quieten down
mo kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ و ﻣـــﯚ‬Ç‫ ﻣـــ‬v.t. to sniff
mirkh ‫ ﻣﺮخ‬passion, lust
around looking for food mirov ‫ ﻣـﺮۆڤ‬man, person, one: ~èk i feu-

miłâz ‫ز‬Ë‫ ﻣــــــــــــــــ‬: kho ~-dânawa v.t. to dâl u pûldâr bûwa he was a feudal
and wealthy man
crouch on the ground in ambush: khoy
le miłâz dâwa he crouched on the mirwârî ‫ = ﻣﺮواری‬mirârî
misha ‫ ﻣﺸﻪ‬frequent
mishik ‫ ﻣﺸﮏ‬mouse
misogar ‫ ﻣـﺴـﯚﮔـﻪر‬insured; ~ kirdin to in-

207

SORANI KURDISH

sure muflîs ‫ ﻣﻮﻓﻠ›ﺲ‬bankrupt, impoverished
mist ‫ ﻣـﺴـﺖ‬fist; palm (of the hand), hand- mu‘jîza ‫ ﻣـــﻮﲺـــﲒﻩ‬miracle; ~yek i pâsha-
ful; ~-washândin v.t. to box, hit, rozh a latter-day miracle
mukriyânî ‫ﱏ‬p‫ﺮ‬B‫ ﻣﻮ‬of the Mukri region
strike with the fist musulmân ‫ ﻣـﻮﺳـﻮﳌﺎن‬Muslim; ~î Muslim-

mitâłâ Ÿ‫ﺎ‬µ‫ ﻣ‬study, contemplation ism, Islam
mitmâna ‫ﻧـﻪ‬0‫ ﻣـ‬safe, secure (ba) in, trust-
mutaham ‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻪﻫﻪم‬accused
ing (ba) in muwaqat ‫ ﻣــــــﻮﻩﻗــــــﻪت‬temporary, provi-

miza ‫ ﻣﺰﻩ‬wage; expense sional: hikûmatèk i muwaqat i Kurdis-
mizgawt ‫ ﻣﺰﮔﻪوت‬mosque tân a provisional government of
mizgen ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣﺰﮔ‬good news Kurdistan
mizgit ‫ = ﻣﺰﮔﺖ‬mizgawt
mizh ‫ ﻣــــــﮋ‬inhaling; ~-dân v.t. to inhale: mû ‫ ﻣﻮو‬hair; ~khor ‫ ﻣﻮوﺧﯚر‬depilatory
mûch ‫ ﻣــﻮوچ‬wrist, ankle; ~awâna ‫ﻣــﻮو¸ــﻪ‬
~èk i qûlî la jigarakáy dâ he took a
deep drag on his cigarette ‫ واﻧﻪ‬bracelet
mûcha ‫ ﻣـﻮو¸ـﻪ‬portion; wage; one-family
mizhda ‫ ﻣﮋدﻩ‬good news
mizhî ‫ ﻣﮋی‬brain farm; ~khor ‫ ﻣـﻮو¸ـﻪﺧـﯚر‬salaried, wage-
mizhîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﻣﮋ‬mizh- ‫ ﻣﮋ‬v.t. to suck
mizmaḥîl ‫ ﻣﺰﻣﻪﺣ;ﻞ‬deprived, destitute earner: kâkim ~ i dawlata my brother
mîch ‫ ﻣ;ﭻ‬roof is salaried by the government
mîdyâ p‫ ﻣ;ﺪ‬media
mîl ‫ ﻣ;ﻞ‬stripe (in cloth) mûchândin ‫ ﻣـﻮو¸ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬mûchen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣـﻮو¸ـ‬v.t.
mîll|at ‫ت‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻠ‬nation; ~î ‫ﰏ‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻠ‬national
mînga ‫ ﻣـ;ـﻨـﮕـﻪ‬nasality, talking through the to bend; dâ-~ to turn up (cuff, hem)

nose mûnândin ‫ ﻣـﻮو‡ﻧـﺪن‬mûnen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣـﻮوﻧـ‬v.t. to

mîrât ‫ ﻣﲑات‬legacy, heritage spin (thread)
mîrî ‫ ﻣﲑی‬governmental
mîrûla v‫ ﻣﲑوو‬ant na ‫ ﻧﻪ‬no
mîtr ‫ ﻣ;ﱰ‬meter ná- ‫ ﻧﻪ‬negative subjunctive prefix
mîwân ‫ ﻣ;ﻮان‬guest nabaga ‫ ﻧﻪﺑﻪﮔﻪ‬weak, feeble
mokh ‫ ﻣـــﯚخ‬brain, marrow; ~-keshân v.t. nabân ‫ ﻧــــــﻪ¶ن‬animal that spurns its own

young; not on speaking terms: kâkim
lemân ~a, nâmândwene my brother’s
not on speaking terms with us, he

to bother, annoy doesn’t speak to us; ~-kirdin v.t. to
molaq ‫ق‬v‫ ﻣـــــــــﯚ‬staring: châwî ba molaq
spurn, to disown; to turn away from
wastâ he stood staring into space
nabz ‫ ﻧﻪ–ﺰ‬pulse
mołat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ ﻣﯚ‬respite naft ‫ ﻧﻪﻓﺖ‬oil, petroleum
mom ‫ ﻣﯚم‬candle nagbat ‫ ﻧﻪﮔﺒﻪت‬calamity; unlucky
moř ‫ ﻣـــــــﯚڕ‬frowning; hard stare; ~-bûn- nagrîs ‫ ﻧـﻪﮔـﺮ§ـﺲ‬stubborn, badly behaved;
awa la to stare at mean, evil
mor ‫ ﻣـــــﻮر‬violet; virgin; seal; ant; ash; ~ naguta ‫ ﻧـﻪﮔـﻮﺗـﻪ‬unspoken: ~ la jwâbakám
kirdin to seal te gaysht he understood my unspoken
mora ‫ ﻣــــــــﯚرﻩ‬crack in a mud wall; game
answer
piece
najîbzâda ‫ ﻧﻪﺟ;ﱫادﻩ‬aristocratic
mu ‫ ﻣﻮ‬sorrow, worry najâr ‫ ﻧﻪ•ﺎر‬carpenter; ~î carpentry
muchiřka ‫ﮐﻪ‬g‫ ﻣﻮﭼ‬shiver, shudder nak ‫ ﻧـــــﻪک‬and not: ~ pechawânakáy and
mufařik ‫ ﻣـــﻮﻓـــﻪڕک‬auspiciousness, good
not vice-versa; dû jâr’it le birdawa,

omen nak se you’ve beat him twice, not

208

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

three times; ba râstî awaî tyâ chûa courage; to trip, stumble
minim, nak aw really the one who
was lost was I, not he naw‘ ‫ ﻧﻪوع‬type, sort
nawa ‫ ﻧﻪوﻩ‬grandchild
nakhosh ‫ ﻧـــــــﻪﺧـــــــﯚش‬ill, patient; kho ~- nawanda ‫ ﻧﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩ‬fall planting
nawân ‫ ﻧﻪوان‬naw- ‫ ﻧﻪو‬v.i. to bend over
khistin v.t. to pretend to be ill; ~î nawândin ‫ ﻧــﻪواﻧــﺪن‬nawen- ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧــﻪو‬v.t. to

‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﳽ‬illness; ~khâna ‫ــﺎﻧــﻪ‬Ø‫ﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﺷــ‬ lower; dâ-~ to lower, bring down

hospital nawîn ‫ــــــﻦ‬a‫ ﻧــــــﻪو‬v.i. to cave in: bânakáy

nakhsh ‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﺶ‬role: ~ i daraja dû yâ sey nawîbû his roof had caved in

haya it has a secondary or tertiary nawroz ‫ ﻧﻪورۆز‬the vernal equinox
nawsha ‫ ﻧﻪوﺷﻪ‬poetry; ~kâr ‫ ﻧﻪوﺷﻪﰷر‬poet
role; piř ~ u nîgâr ‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﺶو ﻧــﻴــﮕــﺎر‬g‫ــ‬º Nawshîrwân ‫ ﻧـــــﻪوﺷـــــﲑوان‬Anosharwan,

beautiful Sassanian shah of Iran

nakhsha ‫ ﻧـﻪﺧـﺸـﻪ‬map, plan; ~-dâ-nân v.t. nazhâd ‫ ﻧﻪژاد‬race, lineage
nazîla ƒ‫ ﻧﻪزﯾ‬short story
to lay a plan; ~-keshân v.t. to lay a nazm ‫ ﻧﻪزم‬poetry
plot; ~-keshânawa v.t. to draw maps, nâ ‡ no, oh no
make plans nââsâî ‫ ‡ﺋﺎﺳﺎﰃ‬unusual, unaccustomed
nâbâwařî ‫ ‡¶وﻩڕی‬disbelief
nakhshândin ‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﺸــﺎﻧــﺪن‬nakhshen- ‫ﻧــﻪ‬ nâchâr ‫ ‡¸ــﺎر‬helpless, there was nothing
‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺧﺸ‬v.t. to draw
he could do
nakht ‫ ﻧـﻪﺧـﺖ‬bit; ~è(k) ‫ـﮏ‬²‫ـ‬µ‫ ﻧـﻪﺧـ‬a bit, a lit-
tle, a while; ~-u-pukht ‫ﻧـﻪﺧـﺖو ﭘـﻮﺧـﺖ‬ nâdyâr ‫ر‬p‫ ‡د‬invisible, unseen
nâf ‫ ‡ف‬navel
completely: qsaká’y ~ la bardam’dâ nâguzûr ‫ ‡ﮔــــــــــــﻮزوور‬destitute, poverty-
nâ he had his say completely
stricken
nakhwâzâ ‫ ﻧﻪﺧﻮازا‬especially
nakhwendawâr ‫ﻨﺪﻩوار‬l‫ ﻧﻪﺧﻮ‬illiterate nâḥaq ‫ ‡„ـــﻪق‬dishonest, unrightful; ba ~
nalâmat ‫ ﻧﻪﻻﻣﻪت‬accursed ‫ ﺑﻪ ‡„ﻪق‬unjustly
namâm ‫ ﻧﻪﻣﺎم‬sapling
namâm-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻧــــﻪﻣــــﺎم‬v.t. to have nâḥaz ‫ ‡„ﻪز‬ugly; enemy
nâkâw, la ‫ ‡ﰷو‬v suddenly, all of a
someone walled up: khân kâwrâyèkî
namâm kird the khan had a man sudden
walled up
nâkh ‫ ‡خ‬depth, interior: la ~ i âkh’dâ
namân ‫ → ﻧﻪﻣﺎن‬mân
nana ‫ ﻧﻪﻧﻪ‬grandmother inside the earth, in the grave
nanâsîwî ‫ـﻴـﻮی‬8‫ ﻧـﻪ‡ﺳـ‬disguise: la ~ in dis-
nâkher ‫ـﺮ‬Œ‫ـ‬L‫ ﻧـﻪ‬no; ba ~ i gyânim unwill-
guise, in secret; kho la ~ dân la v.t.
to be secretly in favor of ingly

naqândin ‫ ﻧــﻪﻗــﺎﻧــﺪن‬naqen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧــﻪﻗــ‬v.t. to nâkhosh ‫ ‡ﺧــــﯚش‬unpleasant; ~î ‫‡ﺧــــﯚﳽ‬

choose, select unpleasantness

nařândin ‫ ﻧـﻪڕاﻧـﺪن‬nařen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧـﻪڕ‬v.t. to roar, nâł ‫ ‡ڵ‬horseshoe; ~dâr ‫ﺪار‬T‡ horse
nâla v‡ wail, lament; ~bâr ‫¶ر‬v‡ sad,
scream
lamentable
nardîwân ‫ ﻧﻪردﯾﻮان‬ladder, staircase
nargiz ‫ ﻧﻪرﮔﺰ‬narcissus nâlândin ‫ ‡ﻻﻧـــﺪن‬nâlen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ‡ﻟـــ‬v.t. to be-
narît ‫ ﻧﻪرﯾﺖ‬custom, manner
nastařin ‫ﻦ‬a‫ﺘﻪڕ‬8‫ ﻧﻪﺳ‬eglantine moan
natawa ‫ ﻧـﻪﺗـﻪوﻩ‬nation: ~ yekgirtûakân the
nâm|a ‫ ‡ﻣﻪ‬letter; ~îlka ‫ ‡ﻣ;ﻠﮑﻪ‬pamphlet
United Nations; ~î ‫ ﻧﻪﺗﻪوﻩﰃ‬national nâmo ‫ ‡ﻣﯚ‬stranger, foreign
natra ‫ـﺮﻩ‬Ž‫ ﺗـﻪ‬courage; ~-birdin v.t. to lose nân ‫ ‡ن‬bread, food; ~-khwârdin to eat,

have a meal; ~araq ‫ ‡ﻧـﻪرﻩق‬dry crust of

209

SORANI KURDISH

bread; ~awâ ‫ ‡ﻧــﻪوا‬baker; ~azig ‫‡ﻧــﻪزگ‬ nâtawâw ‫ ‡ﺗــﻪواو‬deficient, incomplete; ~î

someone who works for his board; deficiency

~kar ‫ ‡ﻧﻪﮐﻪر‬breadmaker, baker nâumed ‫ ‡ﺋـﻮﻣـ´ـﺪ‬in despair, desperate; ~-
nân ‫ ‡ن‬ne- ê (v.t., pass. nirân nre-) to
kirdin v.t. to dash someone’s hopes:
put, place; dâ-~ to put down, set hîwâdârim nâumedmân nakay I hope

down, to compose, put together you won’t dash our hopes; ~î despair

(book): ktebèkî dânâwa he has writ- nâw1 ‫ ‡و‬midst, middle; among, between;
ten a book; râ-~ v.t. to exhibit, show; la ~ birdin v.t. to eradicate, get rid of;

le-~ bo to fix food for: shorbâm bo la ~ chûn v.i. to disappear, cease to
le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him; pe-
~à to make it to: agar aw shawá exist; ~ařâst ‫ ‡وﻩڕاﺳــــﺖ‬middle; ~arok
bimâbâya, pemân danâyà rozh i sha- ‫ ‡وﻩرۆک‬contents; ~and ‫ ‡وﻩ ﻧرـــــﺪ‬center;
sham if he had remained that night, ~andî ‫ ‡وﻩﻧـــــﺪی‬central; ~châw ‫‡و¸ـــــﺎو‬
we would have made it to the sixth forehead; ~qad ‫ ‡وﻗـــــــــــﻪد‬waist; ~râst
day; sar-~awa to lay one’s head ‫ ‡وراﺳـــــــﺖ‬middle, center; ~châw-tur-
down (to sleep) shândin ‫ ‡و¸ﺎو ﺗﻮرﺷﺎﻧﺪن‬v.t. to frown
nâw2 ‫ ‡و‬name; ~bâng ‫ـــــﮓ‬s¶‫ ‡و‬fame, re-
nâpâk ‫ ‡ﭘﺎک‬unclean, filthy nown; ~dâr ‫ ‡ودار‬renowned; ba~bâng
nâřazâ|î ‫ ‡ڕﻩزاﰃ‬unhappiness, dissatisfac- ‫ﮓ‬s¶‫ ﺑﻪ‡و‬famous, well-known
nâwakhtâ, la ‫ــــــﺎ‬µ‫ ‡وﻩﺧــــــ‬v at an unusual
tion; ~yatî ‫ ‡ڕازاﯾﻪﰏ‬ditto
nâřawâ ‫ ‡ڕﻩوا‬unreadable time, unexpectedly
nârâstawkho ‫ﺘﻪوﺧﯚ‬8‫ ‡راﺳ‬indirect
nârâzî ‫ ‡رازی‬unhappy, dissatisfied nâwcha ‫‡و¸ـﻪ‬, newcha ‫ـﻮ¸ـﻪ‬²‫ ﻧـ‬administra-
nârdin ‫ ‡ردن‬ner- ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﻧ‬v.t. to send
nârdîwân ‫ ‡ردﯾﻮان‬ladder tive region
nârdrân ‫ ‡ردران‬nârdre- ‫ ‡ردرێ‬v.p. to be
nâwik ‫ ‡وک‬pit: ~ a khurmâ date pit
sent nâyeł- ‫ ‡ﯾـــــــــــﻪڵ‬dial. var. for nâheł- (see

nâsândin ‫ ‡ﺳـــﺎﻧـــﺪن‬nâsen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ‡ﺳـــ‬v.t. to heshtin)

introduce, make known nâyen- ‫ ‡ﯾﻪن‬see henân
nâz ‫ ‡ز‬coquetry; ~dâr ‫ ‡زدار‬dear, cute;
nâshe ‰‫ ‡ﺷــ‬it’s not right, it’s not proper,
ba ~-u-goz bakhew-kirdin v.t. to
shouldn’t spoil (a child)

nâshtin ‫ ‡ﺷـﱳ‬nezh- ‫ـﮋ‬Œ‫ ﻧـ‬v.t. to bury in the nâzlâw ‫ ‡زﻻو‬tender shoot
nâznâw ‫ ‡ز‡و‬nickname, nom de plume
ground, plant in the ground ne ê pres. stem of nân
nechîr ‫ﲑ‬²‫ ﻧ‬prey
nâsik ‫ ‡ﺳﮏ‬fine, thin negatîv ‫ﭫ‬²‫ﮕﻪﺗ‬²‫ ﻧ‬negative
nâs|în ‫ ‡ﺳـﲔ‬nâs- ‫ ‡س‬v.t. to know, be ac- ner ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﻧ‬male; ~îna male
nerdîwân ‫ﺮدﯾﻮان‬Œ‫ = ﻧ‬nârdîwân
quainted with, recognize; ~înawa nerdrân ‫ﺮدران‬Œ‫ = ﻧ‬nerrân
nerrân ‫ــﺮران‬Œ‫ ﻧــ‬nerre- ‫ــﺮرێ‬Œ‫( ﻧــ‬passive of
‫ـــﻪوﻩ‬ž‫ ‡ﺳـــ›ـــ‬to recognize: nâynâsîtawa
nârdin) to be sent
don’t you recognize him?; ~rân v.p.
new ‫ﻮ‬²‫ = ﻧ‬nâw, nâwcha
‫ ‡ﴎان‬to be known, recognized; ~rân newarok ‫ﻮﻩرۆک‬²‫ ﻧ‬contents
ba ‫ ‡ﴎان ﺑــﻪ‬v.p. to be known as; ~râw newchâwân ‫ﻮ¸ﺎوان‬²‫ ﻧ‬forehead, brow
‫ ‡ﴎاو‬well-known, famous; ~yâr ‫ـﻴـﺎر‬8‫‡ﺳ‬ nezh- ‫ﮋ‬Œ‫ ﻧ‬pres. stem of nâshtin
acquaintance; ~yâw ‫ـﻴـﺎو‬8‫ ‡ﺳـ‬acquainted; nigrîs ‫ﮕﺮ§ﺲ‬s = nagrîs
na~yâw ‫ـﻴـﺎو‬8‫ ﻧـﻪ‡ﺳـ‬unacquainted: nanâs- nihen ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﳖــ‬secret, hidden; ~î secret, hid-

yâwèk biydîbân if someone who
didn’t know them were to see them

nâsor ‫ ‡ﺳﯚر‬an infected sore, gangrene

210

SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY

den thing; ba ~î in secret, secretly nok ‫ ﻧــــﯚک‬chickpea; ~âw ‫ ﻧــــﯚﰷو‬chickpea

nihom ‫ ﳖﯚم‬floor, story soup
nimakbaḥarâm ‫ــﺒــﻪ„ــﻪرام‬B‫ ﳕــﻪ‬ingrate, un-
nokar ‫ ﻧــﯚﮐــﻪر‬servant; ~âyatî ‫ﻧــﯚﮐــﻪراﯾــﻪﰏ‬
grateful
servitude, service
nimûna ‫ ﳕـــــﻮوﻧـــــﻪ‬example, sample; ~ nî-
nokîsa ‫ ﻧﯚﮐ›ﺴﻪ‬nouveau riche
shân-dân v.t. to give as an example noł ‫ ﻧــــــــــﯚڵ‬soft: zhûshik ba bechû i khoy

nirân ‫ﺮان‬s nre- ‫ﺮێ‬s v.p. passive of nân dałe okhay roła narm u nołakám the
nirka ‫ﺮﮐﻪ‬s rumble, rumbling sound porcupine says to its baby, “O my
nirkândin ‫ــﺮﰷﻧــﺪن‬s nirken- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ــﺮﮐــ‬s v.t. to soft little one”

grunt, to make a rumbling sound nomâ ‫ ﻧﯚﻣﺎ‬colt
nomâł ‫ ﻧﯚﻣﺎڵ‬newly wed
nirkh ‫ـﺮخ‬s value, worth; ~dâr ‫ـﺪار‬L‫ـﺮ‬s valu- nora ‫ ﻧﯚرﻩ‬turn
able; ba~ ‫ــﺮخ‬s‫ ﺑــﻪ‬worthwhile, valuable; nosh ‫ﻧﯚش‬: ~ i gyân cheers, bon appetit
~ândin ‫ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬L‫ـﺮ‬s ~en- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ـ‬L‫ـﺮ‬s v.t. to evalu- noshân ‫ ﻧﯚﺷﺎن‬nosh- ‫ ﻧﯚش‬v.t. to drink
noshâtir ‫ﺮ‬Ž‫ ﻧﯚﺷﺎ‬bleach
ate (ba as) nuft ‫ ﻧﻮﻓﺖ‬nose
nukrândin ‫ـﺮاﻧـﺪن‬B‫ ﻧـﻮ‬nukren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﺮ‬B‫ ﻧـﻮ‬v.t. to
nishân ‫ﺸﺎن‬ë = nîshân
niwishta ‫ﺘﻪ‬8‫ ﻧﻮﺷ‬inscription carve (on wood or stone)
niyâz ‫ ﻧﻴﺎز‬need; desire
nizâw ‫ﺰاو‬s water exuded from anything nukta ‫ ﻧﻮﮐﺘﻪ‬joke, pleasantry
nizim ‫ـــــــــــــﺰم‬s low: ba dang i ~ in a low nuqim-bûn ‫ ﻧـﻮﰴ ﺑـﻮون‬v.i. to disappear, be

voice; ~âî ‫ﺰﻣﺎﰃ‬s lowliness lost
nizîk ‫ــﮏ‬a‫ــﺰ‬s near; la khoy ~ khistinawa
nuqta ‫ﻪ‬µ‫ ﻧﻮﻗ‬point
v.t. to seat s.o. near oneself nushân ‫ ﻧـﻮﺷـﺎن‬nushe- ‰‫ ﻧـﻮﺷـ‬v.i.: ~awa to

nînok ‫ﯚک‬ž›‫ ﻧ‬fingernail bend, be folded; ~dinawa ‫ﻧــﻮﺷــﺎﻧــﺪﻧــﻪوﻩ‬
nîsân ‫ ﻧ›ﺴﺎن‬April nushen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧﻮﺷ‬v.t. to bend, fold
nîsh- ‫ ﻧ›ﺶ‬pres. stem of nîshtin nuskha ‫ ﻧﻮﲯﻪ‬manuscript, copy
nîshân ‫ ﻧــ›ــﺸــﺎن‬target; trace, sign; ~-dân nustin ‫ ﻧـــﻮﺳـــﱳ‬nu- ‫ ﻧـــﻮ‬v.i. to sleep, go to

v.t. to show, give forth; ~-shikândin

v.t. to practice archery; ~shiken sleep

‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ﺸﮑ‬ë‫ ﻧ›ﺸﺎ‬sharpshooter nûk ‫ ﻧـــــﻮوک‬tip, point: nûk a chaqo point
nîshâna ‫ ﻧــ›ــﺸــﺎﻧــﻪ‬sign, mark; ~-girtin la
of a knife; beak; whimper
v ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻧ›ﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮ‬to take aim at
nnîîsshhttiamjeâ‰n‫ﻪنﺟ‬0‫ﺘ‬8‫ـﺸ‬8‫›ـﻧ›ﺸـ‬s‫ﻧـ‬uccocuensstroyr, homeland; ~î nûka ‫ ﻧﻮوﮐﻪ‬now, at that time
nûkanûk ‫ ﻧــﻮوﮐــﻪﻧــﻮوک‬whimper: am ~á la
‫ﱏ‬0‫ـ‬8‫ ﻧـ›ـﺸـ‬national; ~parwar ‫ﻧـﭙـﻪروﻩر‬0‫ـ‬8‫ﻧـ›ـﺸـ‬
chiya? what’s this whimpering for?
patriot
nûkâ ‫ = ﻧﻮوﰷ‬nûka
nîshtin ‫ـﻴـﱳ‬8‫ـﺸـ‬ë nîsh- ‫ ﻧـ›ـﺶ‬v.i. to sit; dâ~ to nûq ‫ ﻧـﻮوق‬dunked; ~ân ‫ ﻧـﻮوﻗـﺎن‬nûqe- Õ‫ﻧـﻮو‬

sit down, to dwell v.i. to be dunked; ~ândin ‫ﻧــــﻮوﻗــــﺎﻧــــﺪن‬
nûqen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧﻮوﻗ‬v.t. to dunk
nîw ‫ ﻧـﻴـﻮ‬half, mid-; ~ařo ‫ ﻧـﻴـﻮﻩڕۆ‬noon, mid- nûqîn ‫ ﻧــــﻮوﻗــــﲔ‬v.t. to close, shut: châwit
day; ~ashaw ‫ ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺷﻪو‬midnight
binûqe shut your eyes
Nîzâmî ‫ ﻧـــــﲒاﻣـــــﯽ‬Nizami (1141–1209), a
nûs|ar ‫ ﻧـــــﻮوﺳـــــﻪر‬writer, author; ~ândin
very well-known Persian poet ‫ ﻧﻮوﺳﺎﻧﺪن‬nûsên- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧﻮوﺳ‬v.t. to write

nîzîk ‫ﮏ‬a‫ = ﻧﲒ‬nizîk nûs|en- ‫ــــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧــــﻮوﺳــــ‬v.t. to write; ~ânawa
no ‫ ﻧﯚ‬nine; ~(h)am ‫ ﻧﯚﻩم‬،‫ ﻧﯚﻫﻪم‬ninth ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ‬copy; ~în ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﲔ‬nûs- ‫ ﻧـﻮوس‬v.t.
noba ‫ ﻧﯚﺑﻪ‬turn; ba ~ by turn to write; ~înawa ‫ـﻪوﻩ‬ž‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـ›ـ‬v.t. to copy,
noga ‫ ﻧﯚﮔﻪ‬turn
to transcribe; literature

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SORANI KURDISH

nûsân ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎن‬nûse- ‰‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـ‬ba v.i. to stick grab, snatch, attack

to, to be stuck to, in pałg ‫ـﮓ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬eyelid
palk ‫ـــﮏ‬¢‫ ﭘـــﻪ‬tress, leaf, branch; ~ i châw
nûsândin ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬nûsen ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـ‬ba v.t. to
‫ﮑﯽ ¸ﺎو‬¢‫ ﭘﻪ‬eyelid; ~a ‫ﮑﻪ‬¢‫ ﭘﻪ‬tress
clutch at pałk ‫ـﮏ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬a type of plane tree
palkesh-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ـﺶ‬Œ‫ـﮑـ‬¢‫ ﭘـﻪ‬v.t. to pick
nûsînga ‫ﮕﻪ‬ž›‫ ﻧﻮوﺳ‬office
nûtak ‫ ﻧﻮوﺗﻪک‬heavy darkness up
nûza ‫ ﻧﻮوزﻩ‬moan
nwândin ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻧـﺪن‬nwen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧـﻮ‬v.t. to repre- palupo ‫ ﭘـﻪﻟـﻮﭘـﯚ‬endurance: palupoy pichiřâ
sent, look like; kho ~ to show oneself he couldn't take it any longer; la ~
nwe ‫ ﻧــــــــﻮێ‬new; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to re- kawtin to come to the end of one’s
new, to renovate endurance
nwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧﻮ‬bedclothes, sheets pama ‫ ﭘﻪﻣﻪ‬cotton
nwen- ‫ ﻧﻮێ‬pres. stem of nwândin panâ ‡‫ ﭘــــــــــــﻪ‬shelter, refuge, asylum; ~-
nwenar ‫ﻨﻪر‬l‫ ﻧﻮ‬representative
nweshk ‫ﺸﮏ‬â‫ ﻧﻮ‬rennet birdin ba v.t. to take refuge in; ~bar
nwezh ‫ــﮋ‬¤‫ ﻧــﻮ‬prayer (one of the five daily
‫ ﭘﻪ‡ﺑﻪر‬refugee
Muslim prayers); ~-khwendin v.t. to pand ‫ ﭘﻪﻧﺪ‬advice
perform prayer; ~-kirdin v.t. to pray paner ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﭘﻪﻧ‬cheese
pang-khwârdin ‫ــﮓ ﺧــﻮاردن‬s‫ ﭘــﻪ‬v.t. to be
pent up
oghir ‫ ﺋـــــﯚﻏـــــﺮ‬journey, good omen for a panhân ‫ ﭘﻪﳖﺎن‬wonderful, rare, strange
panja ‫ ﭘــﻪﳒــﻪ‬hand; claw; ~-dân lagał v.t.
journey: oghrit kher bet bon voyage
to fight with, contend with; ~ i kho
orgân ‫ ﺋﯚرﮔﺎن‬organ gastin v.t. to bite one’s fingers, to ex-
okhizhn ‫ ﺋﯚﺧﮋن‬rest, calm press surprise
ordû ‫ ﺋﯚردوو‬camp; ~gâ ‫ ﺋﯚردووﮔﺎ‬campsite
otonomî ‫ ﺋﯚﺗﯚﻧﯚﻣﯽ‬autonomy panjara ‫ ﭘﻪﳒﻪرﻩ‬window
panjoła ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﭘﻪﳒﯚ‬claw
pak ‫ ﭘﻪک‬need, necessity; amazing papka-bastin ‫ــﮑــﻪ ﺑــﻪﺳــﱳ‬º‫ ﭘــﻪ‬v.t. to coil:
pakhsh ‫ ﭘــــﻪﺧــــﺶ‬dispersal; ~-bûn v.i. to
mârakân papkayân bast the snakes
spread out, to be dispersed coiled up

pakhsha ‫ ﭘﻪﺧﺸﻪ‬publication pař1 ‫ ﭘــــــــــﻪڕ‬side, direction: aw~ i on the
pakhshân ‫ ﭘــﻪﺧــﺸــﺎن‬prose; dispersed; ~-
other side of, past
bûn v.i. to be dispersed, to spread
out; ~-kirdin v.t. to scatter; ~- pař2 ‫ ﭘﻪڕ‬feather
kirdinawa v.t. to distribute pařa ‫ ﭘﻪڕﻩ‬petal: ~ i gul rose petal
parasandin ‫ ﭘــﻪرﻩﺳــﻪﻧــﺪن‬v.i. to be in gen-
pala v‫ ﭘــﻪ‬haste; ~-kirdin v.t. to hurry; ba
~ v‫ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪ‬in haste, hurriedly eral use

pała1 ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬field, farm pařawâza ‫ ﭘﻪڕﻩوازﻩ‬wandering, homeless
pała2 ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬stain, spot pařândin ‫ ﭘـــﻪڕاﻧـــﺪن‬pařen- ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ ﭘـــﻪڕ‬v.t. to
pałahawr ‫ﻪﻫﻪور‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬bird
palapalî ‫ﭘﻪﱃ‬v‫ ﭘﻪ‬confusion make leap, jump; to cause to flee; to
palaqâzhe ‫ﻗـﺎژێ‬v‫ ﭘـﻪ‬flailing the hands and cut off part of something: am liká
bipařena cut off this limb; to leave
feet out: la khwendinawa’dâ khatèkit
pařând you left out a line in your
palawar ‫وﻩر‬v‫ﭘﻪ‬, palawir ‫ور‬v‫ ﭘﻪ‬bird reading; to remove: lamparim pařând
palâmâr ‫ ﭘــــــﻪﻻﻣــــــﺎر‬attack; ~-dân v.t. to I removed the obstacle; ~awa to save:
pařândûtimawa you've saved me;

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