ภาษาอังกฤษสำหรับนักกฎหมาย

Pre-test (Chapter 4)

Part 1: Match the words with Thai definition. (10 points)

……. 1. wrongdoers a. การวางเพลงิ
……. 2. penalty b. โดยเจตนา
……. 3. manslaughter c. การลักพาตัว
……. 4. arson d. การลงโทษ
……. 5. assassination e. โดยประมาท
……. 6. commit a crime f. ผกู ระทําความผิด
……. 7. kidnapping g. โทษจาํ คุก
……. 8. intentionally h. การลอบสงั หาร
……. 9. accidentally i. การกระทําความผิดทางอาญา
……10. imprisonment j. ฆา ผูอื่นโดยเจตนา

Part 2: Choose the most appropriate answer to the following questions.

11. He has served 12 years in prison and the authorities will ……… him tomorrow.

a. force b. release

c. detain d. declare

12. ………….. is a way of getting money from people by threatening to publicise facts they do

not want revealed.

a. murder b. robbery

c. blackmail d. bigamy

13. He was ……….. on a charge of abducting two Cambodian girls.

a. arrested b. abused

c. addicted d. avoided

14. The highest level of criminal punishment is the …………… sentence.
a. risk b. dangerous
c. jail d. death

15. What does this phase “Nulla poena sine lege” mean?

a. No punishment without law b. No law no punishment

c. No one can be punished d. No law can punish wrongdoers

16. ………….. takes the main responsibility in the investigation process.

a. Prosecutor b. Police Officer

c. Lawyer d. Instructor

17. What is the main reason for kidnapping a person?

a. money b. property

c. ransom d. victim

18. What is the most important element to consider in sentencing?

a. the act b. testimony

c. the victims d. intention

19. Which word is the synonym of “death sentence”?

a. manslaughter b. execution c. evidence d. guilty

20. What can we call a period of time when a criminal must not commit any more crimes?
a. projector b. proton c. process d. probation

Chapter 4 General concept of criminal law
บทที่ 4 แนวคดิ ท่วั ไปวาดว ยกฎหมายอาญา

The study of general concept of criminal law is divided into four main areas. These are
the study of crimes, Mens rea and Actus reus, the classification of crimes and the outcome of a
criminal case.

การศกึ ษากฎหมายอาญาในชน้ั เรียนน้ี ไดมกี ารแบงเนือ้ หาออกเปน 4 เร่อื ง ไดแก
การศกึ ษาความหมายของอาชญากรรม (The study of crimes) องคประกอบภายนอกและ
องคป ระกอบภายใน โทษในทางอาญา (Mens rea and Actus Reus) การจําแนกฐานความผิดทาง
อาญา (The categorization of crimes) และผลของการดาํ เนนิ คดที างอาญา (The Outcome of a
criminal case)

What is crime?

The study of criminal law is about the study of crime. There are many definitions of
crime but in this class, I will give some instances of crime definition.

1. Crime is a positive or negative act in violation of penal law. It is an offence against state.
2. Crime is an act or omission, which makes it an offence against morality.

การศึกษากฎหมายอาญา คอื การศึกษาในเร่อื งของอาชญากรรมหรอื การกระทําความผดิ
ทางอาญา ความหมายของอาชญากรรมมหี ลายความหมาย ในท่ีนี้จะขอยกตัวอยา ง 2
ความหมาย คอื

1. อาชญากรรม คือ การกระทาํ หรอื การละเวน การกระทําท่ฝี าฝน ตอ กฎหมายอาญา และ
ถอื วา เปน การกระทําความผิดตอ รฐั

2. อาชญากรรม คือ การกระทําหรือละเวนการกระทําท่ถี ือวาฝา ฝน ตอ ศีลธรรม

Capital and continuous crimes

Capital crime is a crime for which the death penalty may be imposed. For example,
capital murder is punishable by death.

อาชญากรรมทรี่ ุนแรง คือ อาชญากรรมท่ีมกี ารนําโทษประหารชวี ิตมาใช เชน การฆาผอู ่ืน
โดยเจตนาทมี่ ีการลงโทษประหารชีวติ

Continuous crime consists of a series of acts that extend beyond the period the crime was
initially committed. It is a crime that involves ongoing elements. For instance, carrying a weapon
or illegal drugs importation are two examples of the continuous crime.

อาชญากรรมตอ เนอ่ื ง คือ อาชญากรรมที่ประกอบดวยการกระทําความผิดตอเนอื่ ง โดย
ถือวา เปนความผดิ นับตงั้ แตเริ่มตนกระทาํ ความผิด เชน การลักลอบขนอาวธุ หรอื การลกั ลอบคา
ยาเสพตดิ เปนตน

The general concept of Thai Criminal law

Section 2 Paragraph 1 “ A person shall be criminally punished only when the act done by
such person is provided to be an offence and the punishment is defined by the law in force at the
time of the doing of such act, and the punishment to be inflicted upon the offender shall be that
provided by the law.”

ในการสอบอัยการผชู วยเมอ่ื วนั ท่ี 14 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2509 ไดมขี อ สอบการแปลจาก
ภาษาไทยเปน ภาษาอังกฤษตอนหนง่ึ วา

บคุ คลจกั ตอ งรบั โทษในทางอาญาตอเมอื่ ไดก ระทําการอันกฎหมายที่ใชในขณะกระทาํ น้นั
บญั ญัติเปน ความผดิ และกาํ หนดโทษไว และโทษทจี่ ะลงแกผ กู ระทําความผิดน้ันตอ งเปน โทษท่ี
บญั ญตั ิไวใ นกฎหมาย

“A person shall be criminally punished only when the act done by him is provided to be
an offence and the punishment is defined by the law in force at the time of the doing of such act,
and the punishment to be inflicted upon the offender shall be that provided by the law.”

ถา ตามบทบญั ญตั ิของกฎหมายทบ่ี ญั ญตั ใิ นภายหลงั การกระทาํ เชนน้ันไมเปนความผิด
ตอ ไป ใหผูท ีไ่ ดก ระทาํ การน้นั พนจากการเปน ผกู ระทําความผิด และถาไดม ีคาํ พพิ ากษาถงึ ทสี่ ุดให
ลงโทษแลว กใ็ หถ ือวาผูน นั้ ไมเคยตอ งคาํ พิพากษาวาไดกระทาํ ความผดิ น้นั

“If, according to the law provided afterwards, such act is no more an offence, the person
doing such act shall be relieved from being an offender; and, if there is a final judgment inflicting
the punishment, such person shall be deemed as not having ever been convicted by the judgment
for committing such offence.”

ถารบั โทษอยกู ็ใหก ารลงโทษน้ันสน้ิ สุดลง
“If, however, he is still undergoing the punishment, the punishment shall forthwith
terminate."28

Section 59 “A person shall be criminally liable only when such person commits an act
intentionally, except in case that the law provides that such person must be liable when such
person commits an act by negligence, or except in a case of the law clearly provides that such
person must be liable even though such person commits an act unintentionally.”

Paragraph 2 “To commit an act intentionally is to do an act consciously and at the same
time the doer desired or could have foreseen the effect of such doing.”

Paragraph 3 “If the doer does not know the facts constituting the elements of the offence,
it cannot be deemed that the doer desired or could have foreseen the effect of such doing.

Paragraph 4 “To commit an act by negligence is to commit an offence unintentionally
but without exercising such care as might be expected from a person under such condition and
circumstances, and the doer could exercise such care but did not do so sufficiently.29

28 ธง วทิ ัยวัฒน, ขอสอบอัยการวิชาภาษาองั กฤษ ตั้งแต พ.ศ. 2504-ปจจุบนั . พิมพค ร้ังท่ี 6. กรุงเทพมหานคร : สาํ นกั พมิ พน ติ ธิ รรม ,
หนา 27-28 .
29 เคยนาํ มาออกขอสอบอยั การผูชว ย ในการสอบเมื่อวันที่ 22 พฤษภาคม 2531

เมอ่ื พิจารณาตามกฎหมายอาญาของไทย มาตราทมี่ ีความสําคญั มากทส่ี ดุ คอื มาตรา 2
และมาตรา 59 โดยมาตรา 2 วรรคแรก ไดวางหลักในเร่อื งความรับผดิ ของบุคคลในทางอาญา จะมี
ข้นึ ตอเมือ่ ไดกระทําการอันกฎหมายท่ีใชใ นขณะนนั้ บญั ญตั ิวา เปน ความผดิ และมีการกําหนดโทษ
ไว ความในมาตรา 2 เปรยี บเสมอื นสภุ าษิตละตินที่วา “Nulla Poena Sine lege” (No punishment
without law) สว นมาตรา 59 ไดวางหลักในเรอื่ งของเจตนา โดยวางหลกั ไวใ นวรรคแรกวา บุคคล
ตอ งรับผิดตอ เมื่อไดกระทาํ โดยเจตนาเวน แตจ ะไดก ระทาํ โดยประมาทและมกี ฎหมายบญั ญัติไว
โดยแจงชัดใหตอ งรับผิด

วรรคสองไดวางหลกั ในเรอื่ งของการกระทําโดยเจตนา ซง่ึ ประกอบไปดวย เจตนาประสงค
ตอผล และเจตนาเลง็ เหน็ ผล

วรรคสี่ เปน การวางหลักในเรอื่ งประมาท คือ การกระทาํ ทมี่ ิไดก ระทําโดยเจตนา แตเ ปน
การกระทําโดยปราศจากความระมดั ระวังซ่ึงบคุ คลในภาวะเชนน้นั จกั ตอ งมตี ามวิสัย (condition)
และพฤตกิ ารณ (circumstance)

From article 59 of Thai Criminal Code, it reflects some important criminal offence
structures. These are mental intent and the elements of crimes (Actus Rea and Mens rea )

The most important element to consider in sentencing is the intention of the wrongdoers.
To commit a crime, we should look at the state of mind of the person (Mens Rea-mental intent
and actus rea that actual activity is composed of all elements of the offence.)30

Person must have the mens Person must perform the Committing
rea-the required mental actus rea-the actual activity the crime
intent- to commit the that makes up the elements of
particular crime the crime

สงิ่ ท่ีสาํ คญั ทส่ี ุดในการลงโทษบุคคลท่ีกระทาํ ความผดิ ในทางอาญา คอื เจตนาของ
ผูกระทําความผดิ การกระทาํ ความผิดอาญา เราควรพจิ ารณาถงึ สภาพจิตใจของผกู ระทาํ

30 BROWN,S.W., 2006. Legal Terminology. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, pages 20.

(องคประกอบภายใน) และการกระทาํ ดงั กลา วจะตอ งครบองคประกอบความผิด (องคป ระกอบ
ภายนอก)

Mental states

The mental states tell us the intention wrongdoers on committing crimes. Under the
auspices of the Thai Criminal Code, we separate the mental states into three levels. They are
purposely (Section 59 paragraph 2), knowingly (Section 59 paragraph 2) and negligently (Section
59 Paragraph 4).

ระดบั ของจติ ใจในการกระทําความผิด เปนเรือ่ งที่ทาํ ใหเ ราทราบถึงเจตนาของผูกระทาํ
ความผดิ ในการกอ อาชญากรรม ภายใตข อบเขตกฎหมายอาญาของไทย สามารถแบง ระดบั จิตใจ
ในการกระทําความผิดไดเ ปน 3 ระดบั คอื เจตนาประสงคตอ ผล (Purposely) เจตนาเลง็ เห็นผล
(Knowingly) และประมาท (Negligently)

ในการสอบอัยการผูชวยเม่อื วนั ที่ 22 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2531 ไดมขี อสอบการแปลจาก
ภาษาอังกฤษเปนภาษาไทยตอนหน่งึ วา

Criminal liability (ความรับผิดทางอาญา)
By the Penal Code criminal liability arises when a person commits an act “intentionally,”
that is to say, does an act “with consciousness in so doing, and at the same time the doer desired,
or could have foreseen the effect of such doing.
ตามประมวลกฎหมายอาญานนั้ ความรบั ผิดทางอาญาเกดิ ขึ้นเมอ่ื บุคคลไดกระทาํ “โดย
เจตนา” กลาวคือไดกระทํา “โดยรสู าํ นกึ ในการทกี่ ระทําและในขณะเดยี วกนั กบั ผูกระทําประสงค
ตอผล หรือยอ มเลง็ เห็นผลของการกระทาํ นนั้

Such liability may also arise, if the law so provides, in negligence, when an offence is
committed “not intentionally, but without exercising such care as might be expected that a person
in such state would take according to the nature and circumstances, and the doer could exercise
such care but did not sufficiently do so.

ความรบั ผดิ ในทางอาญาอาจเกิดขึ้นเมื่อไดก ระทาํ โดยประมาทเชนกัน ถามีกฎหมาย
บัญญตั ิใหต อ งรับผดิ ซง่ึ เกิดขนึ้ ไดเ ม่อื ความผดิ ไดก ระทําลง “มิใชโดยเจตนา” แตก ระทําโดย

ปราศจากความระมัดระวงั ซ่งึ บคุ คลในภาวะเชนน้ันจักตองมีตามวิสยั และพฤตกิ ารณแ ละผกู ระทํา
อาจใชความระมัดระวงั เชน วา นั้นได แตห าไดใชใหเ พียงพอไม31

Felonies and misdemeanours

Felonies are usually punishable by at least a year in prison. Rape, arson and murder are
examples of felonies whereas a misdemeanor is usually punishable by fine or imprisonment of
not more than a year.

การกระทาํ ความผดิ ทางอาญาที่รายแรง คือ ความผดิ ทล่ี งโทษจําคกุ อยา งนอย 1 ป
ตวั อยางความผิดในกลมุ น้ี คือ ความผดิ ฐานขมขืน วางเพลงิ และฆา ผูอนื่ ในขณะทีค่ วามผดิ ฐาน
ลหุโทษมักจะลงโทษปรับหรือจําคุกท่ตี าํ่ กวา 1 ป

Criminal punishment

The criminal punishment under section 18 of the Thai Criminal Law is divided into five
grounds. These are death penalty by injection (section 19), imprisonment, confinement, fine and
forfeiture of property. Moreover, the court may declare the probation for some cases when he
found that the defendant has never committed a crime.

โทษทางอาญาภายใตม าตรา 18 ของประมวลกฎหมายอาญาไทยแบง ระดับการลงโทษ
เอาไว 5 รปู แบบ ไดแก โทษประหารชวี ิตโดยการฉีดยา จําคกุ กกั ขงั ปรับและริบทรพั ยสิน ยิ่งไป
กวา นน้ั ศาลอาจลงโทษบคุ คลไวเพยี งการรอลงอาญา (probation) ในกรณีที่พบวา จาํ เลยไมเคย
กระทําความผิดทางอาญามากอน

ในการสอบอัยการผูช ว ยเมื่อวนั ท่ี 31 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2508 ไดม ีขอ สอบการแปลจาก
ภาษาอังกฤษเปน ภาษาไทยตอนหน่ึงวา

31 ธง วทิ ัยวัฒน, ขอสอบอยั การวิชาภาษาอังกฤษ ตงั้ แต พ.ศ. 2504-ปจจุบนั . พมิ พค รั้งที่ 6. กรงุ เทพมหานคร : สาํ นกั พมิ พน ิตธิ รรม ,
หนา 86-87.

The punishment or sanction which is attached by the law to breaches or violations of the
criminal law is (whatever other purpose punishment may serve) intended to provide one motive
for abstaining from these activities.

“การลงโทษหรือ บทบงั คบั ซ่งึ กฎหมายใหใชเ ม่อื มีการฝาฝนหรอื ละเมิดกฎหมายอาญา
นน้ั ก็โดยเจตนาใหเปน มลู เหตุจูงใจประการหน่ึงในอันจะละเวนจากการปฏิบตั ดิ งั กลาวนนั้ ทง้ั น้ไี ม
วา การลงโทษน้นั จะมวี ตั ถุประสงคอ ื่นใดดว ยหรอื ไมกต็ าม”32

Criminal activity and criminal liability

There are many people who get involved in committing crimes. The criminal law
encompasses the entire criminal process from investigation and arrest, to conviction and
sentencing.

There are many people in the criminal process: the accused, police officers, prosecuting
attorneys, criminal defenses attorneys, judges, witnesses, probation officers, and correction
officers.

Under Thai Criminal Code, the parties to crime is composed of principal (section 83),
accomplice (section 84) and accessory (section 86).

Principal is the person who actually perpetrates the crime.33
Accomplice is the person who knowingly, voluntarily and with the same intent to
promote or facilitate such commission by soliciting, aiding, abetting, agreeing or attempting to
aid in the planning or commission of the offence.
Accessory is the person who aided in the commission of the crime. The accessory may
have commanded the crime be committed, given advice, or instigated or helped conceal the
crime.

Conspiracy refers to a combination agreement between two or more person for the
purpose of committing by their joint effort in a criminal act.

32 ธง วทิ ยั วัฒน, ขอ สอบอยั การวชิ าภาษาอังกฤษ ต้งั แต พ.ศ. 2504-ปจ จุบนั . พิมพค รั้งท่ี 6. กรงุ เทพมหานคร : สํานกั พมิ พน ติ ิธรรม ,
หนา 25.

33 เกยี รติขจร วัจนะสวัสด,์ิ ภาษาอังกฤษสําหรับนกั กฎหมายเก่ยี วกับกฎหมายอาญาและกฎหมายวิธีพจิ ารณาความอาญา.
กรุงเทพมหานคร: จิรรัชการพมิ พ, หนา 39-40.

ในสวนนี้ จะไดกลา วถึงบคุ คลท่ีเขา ไปมสี วนเกี่ยวขอ งในการประกอบอาชญากรรม อนั
ประกอบไปดว ย ตวั การ (บคุ คลทม่ี เี จตนารว มในการกระทาํ ความผิดทางอาญากบั บุคคลอ่ืนดว ย)
ผูใช (บุคคลที่กอ ใหผ ูอื่นกระทาํ ความผิด ดวยการใช บังคบั ขเู ข็ญ จา ง วาน ยยุ งสงเสรมิ ) และ
ผสู นบั สนุน (ผทู ี่ใหความชวยเหลอื ความสะดวกในการทีผ่ อู นื่ กระทาํ ความผดิ )

หลกั การสมคบ หมายรวมถงึ การมีขอ ตกลงรว มกันระหวา งบคุ คลสองฝายหรอื มากกวา
นนั้ โดยมีวัตถปุ ระสงคเ พอื่ กระทาํ ความผิดทาวอาญาท่มี เี จตนารว มกนั

The classification of criminal offences

under Thai Criminal Code

1. Offences relating to state security (ความผดิ ตอความมนั่ คงแหงราชอาณาจักร)
1.1 Offences against the King, Queen and other members of royal monarchy
- Assassination is killing a public figure illegally and intentionally
1.2 Offences against internal and external state security
1.3 Offences against foreign relations
1.4 Terrorism

2. Offences relating to administration (ความผิดเก่ียวกับการปกครอง)
2.1 Offences against the governmental officer
- Bribery (Section 144) is the offering, giving, receiving or soliciting of something of

value for the purpose to get someone to do something to help you.
2.2 Offences against the official duties

3. Offences against justice (ความผิดเก่ยี วกบั ยตุ ิธรรม)
3.1 Offences against the judicial officer
- Malfeasance in office/ Nonfeasance in office (Section 157)
- Perjury (Section 177) is the criminal offense of making false statements under oath.

3.2 Offences against the official duties

4. Offences relating to religion (ความผิดเก่ยี วกับศาสนา)

5. Offences relating to public order (ความผดิ เกยี่ วกับความสงบสขุ ของประชาชน)
- Treason is the action of betraying your country to a foreign power.

6. Offences relating to people’s harm (ความผดิ เกีย่ วกับการกอใหเ กิดภยันตรายตอ
ประชาชน)

- Arson is the action of setting fire to a building.
Section 217 Whoever, firing to the things belonging to the other person, shall be
imprisoned as from six months to seven years
Tampering with food, drugs (Section 236) is to make change to something which you
should not have enough knowledge when you are trying to damage it.
7. Offences relating to Forgery and Counterfeiting (ความผดิ เกยี่ วกบั การปลอมและการ
แปลง)
- Forgery is the creation of a false document or the material alteration of a document
with the intent to defraud someone.
- Counterfeiting is the imitating of banknote without authority and with the intent to
deceive someone by using the copied item as being original.

8. Offences relating to trade (ความผิดเก่ียวกบั การคา )

9. Sexual Offences (ความผดิ เกยี่ วกบั เพศ)
- Rape (Section 276) is the crime of forcefully having sex with someone against their

wish.
- Pandering (Section 283) is the crime of inducing female to become a prostitute
- Pimping (Section 286) is a person who controls prostitutes especially by finding

customers and takes some of the money that they earn
- Obscenity (Section 287) is the material appealing to the prurient interest of the average

person, depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive manner.

10. Offences against life and physical harm (ความผิดเก่ียวกบั ชวี ติ และรา งกาย)
- Murder (Section 288) is an intentional killing of another person
- Murder with premeditation and malice (Section 289(4))
- Manslaughter (Section 290) is an unintentional killing with no intent, no premeditation

and malice.
- Inducement to commit suicide (Section 292 and 293)
- Battery (Section 295) is intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person

without his consent that involves injury or offensive touching.
- Child abandonment (Section 306)

11. Offences against freedom and fame (ความผิดตอ เสรีภาพและช่ือเสียง)
- False imprisonment (Section 310) is a crime of detention or confinement of a person.
- Kidnapping (Section 313) is the act of forcing someone to go somewhere, often using

violence for the purpose of getting ransom.

12. Offences against property (ความผดิ เกยี่ วกบั ทรพั ย)
-Larceny (Section 334) is an act of dishonestly by taking something which belongs to

someone else and keeping it.
-Burglary (Section 335(8)) is the way of entering a building illegally and stealing things.
- Extortion (Section 337) is a criminal offense which occurs when a person unlawfully

obtains either money, property or services from a person through coercion.
- Blackmail (Section 338) is a way of getting money from people by threatening to

publicize facts they do not want revealed.
- Robbery (Section 339) is derived from larceny when a person threatens immediate

serious bodily injury.
- Gang-Robbery (Section 340) is the robbery action which is composed of at least three

criminal wrongdoers.
- False Pretenses (Section 341) is a crime of obtaining money or property by making

false representation of fact.

-Embezzlement (Section 352) is the willful taking of another’s money or property by
converting another’s property to his or her own use and possession.

- Receiving stolen property (Section 357) consists of four elements: (1) the property
must be received; (2) it must have been previously stolen; (3) the person receiving the property
must know it was stolen; and (4) the receiver must intend to deprive the owner of his or her
property.

- Malicious Mischief (Section 358) is the willful damaging of the property of another.
- Trespass (Section 362) is a wrongful interference with the possession of property.

The outcome of a criminal case

1. A criminal investigation ends with no arrest.
2. An arrest occurs, but the case is dismissed because the police illegally seized the only evidence
of crime.
3. A person is arrested and charged with a crime, then enters into a plea bargain with the
government, agreeing to plead “guilty” in exchange for some form of leniency, such as a lighter
sentence.
4. A person is brought to trial and found “not guilty”, or acquitted by a judge.
5. A person is convicted by a judge and sentenced to a long term prison.

ผลของการดาํ เนินคดอี าญา สามารถพิจารณาไดด งั นี้
1. การสืบสวน สอบสวน สิ้นสดุ ลงโดยไมมกี ารจับกุมผกู ระทาํ ความผดิ
2. มีการจบั กมุ ผูกระทําความผดิ แตค ดีถูกยกฟอ ง เนือ่ งจากเจาหนาทต่ี าํ รวจไดพ ยานหลักฐานมา
โดยมชิ อบดวยกฎหมาย
3. บุคคลถูกจบั กมุ และถูกตง้ั ขอ หา ตอ มาไดม กี ารรับสารภาพ (make a confession) เพอ่ื
แลกเปล่ียนกับการลงโทษทเ่ี บาลง
4. บุคคลถกู นาํ ตวั เขาสูก ารพิจารณาและศาลพบวาไมม คี วามผดิ
5. ศาลตัดสนิ วา บคุ คลกระทําความผดิ และตัดสนิ ลงโทษจาํ คกุ เปนระยะเวลานาน

Glossary of Criminal law vocabulary
(Alphabetical Order)

1. abandonment (Noun) to leave a place, thing or person forever การทอดท้งิ , การละทิ้ง
Abandonment of children, sick or aged persons is an offence punishable under Criminal law.

2. accessory (Noun) someone who helps a criminal ผสู นับสนนุ
An accessory is one who either successfully incites someone to commit a crime or help him to

do so.

3. accomplice (Noun) someone who helps another person to do something illegal or wrong ผูรว มกระทํา
ความผิด

The murderer was arrested but the accomplice got away.

4. accused (Noun) someone who has committed a crime ผูต องหา
The accused is brought before the court.

5. acquit (Verb) to state officially that someone is not guilty ปลอ ยตัวไป
She was finally acquitted of the charges.

6. act (Verb) one thing that you do การกระทํา
Crime is an act or omission, which makes it an offence against morality.

7. actus reus (the actual activity that makes up the elements of the crime) องคป ระกอบภายนอก
Actus reus is the external element or the objective element of a crime.

8. advice (Noun) an opinion that someone gives you about the best thing to do คําแนะนาํ
Tenant involved in a dispute with their landlord should seek legal advice.

9. aggravate (Verb) ทําใหแยลง
She aggravates the libel action by her refusal to apologize.

10. aid (Verb) SYN. help, assist ชว ยเหลอื
The police tried to enlist the aid of the public in solving the crime.

11. alteration (Noun) the process of making change การเปลย่ี นแปลง
After a few minor alterations, the system will be introduced throughout the company.

12. arise (Verb) to happen เกดิ ขนึ้
Should the opportunity arise, I would love to go to the United States of America.

13. arrest (Verb) police take someone away and guard them because they may have done something
illegal จบั กุม

A man is under arrest.

14. assassination (Noun) killing a public figure illegally and intentionally การลอบสงั หาร
An assassination is to murder by a sudden or secret attack for political reasons.

15. assault (Noun) a violent attack การโจมตีอยางรุนแรง
He was charged with sexual assault.

16. arson (Noun) the crime of intentionally starting a fire in order to destroy something, especially a
building วางเพลิง

Arson is the intentional or reckless destruction or damaging of property by fire without a
lawful excuse.

17. attempt (Noun) to try to do something especially something difficult พยายาม
He attempted to escape through a window.

18. bail (Noun) a sum of money which a person who has been accused of a crime pays to a law court
เงนิ ประกัน

He was remanded on bail of $100,000.

19. battery (Noun) the crime of hitting someone ความผดิ ฐานทํารา ยรางกาย
He was charged with assault and battery.

20. blackmail (Noun) when someone tries to get money and make you do what they want by
threatening to tell other people your secrets ความผิดฐานรีดเอาทรพั ย

He was jailed for four years for blackmailing businessmen.

21. bribery (Noun) the act of giving bribes ความผิดฐานใหสนิ บน
She was found guilty of bribery.

22. burglary (Noun) the crime of getting into a building and steal things ลกั ทรัพยใ นเคหสถาน
Most burglaries happen at night.

23. capital crime (Noun) SYN. capital offense ความผดิ ทีม่ โี ทษประหารชีวิต
Murder is an example of capital crime.

24. circumstance (Noun) fact, event or condition พฤตกิ ารณ
The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.

25. charge (Verb) to accuse a person of an offense ตั้งขอหา
Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.

26. commit crime (Verb) to do something wrong or illegal การกระทําผดิ ทางอาญา
Women commit fewer crimes than men.

27. combination (Noun) two or more different things that exist together การรวมกัน

This drug can be safely used in combination with other medicines.

28. conceal (Verb) to hide something carefully ปกปด
The path was concealed by long grass.

29. condition (Noun) all the things that affect the way something happens วสิ ยั
Under these conditions, the fire can do what requires least effort.

30. conduct (Verb) to organize or perform a particular activity กระทาํ
He was criticized for his conduct of the inquiry.

31. confession (Noun) admit that you have done something wrong or illegal คําสารภาพ
A confession is admissible if made voluntarily.

32. confinement (Noun) the state of being forced to stay in a closed space กักขัง
In this case, there shall be no confinement in lieu of fine.

33. confiscation (Noun) a punishment of taking something away from someone รบิ ทรัพยสนิ
Their land was confiscated after the war.

34. continuous crime (Noun) a series of acts that beyond the period the crime was initially committed
อาชญากรรมตอ เนือ่ ง

Carrying a concealed weapon is a continuous crime.

35. conviction (Noun) the fact of having been found guilty การถูกพบวา กระทาํ ความผดิ
She has two previous convictions for larceny.

36. correction (Noun) the process of changing something in order to solve a problem การอบรมแกไ ข
The Minister was forced to issue a correction.

37. counterfeit (Adj.) SYN. fake ปลอมแปลง
Are you aware these banknotes are counterfeit?

38. crime (Noun) activities that involve breaking the law อาชญากรรม
Crime is an offense against a state.

39. criminal (Adj.) connected with or involving crime เก่ียวกับทางอาญา
She has not committed a criminal offence.

40. criminal proceeding the process of using a court to settle a disagreement วิธพี ิจารณาความอาญา
Japan belongs to inquisitory system of criminal proceeding.

41. criminal process A process (such as an arrest warrant) that issues to compel a person to answer for
a crime กระบวนการทางอาญา

The criminal process typically begins with an arrest.

42. conspiracy (Noun) a secret plan by a group of people to do something illegal หลักสมคบ
They were charged with conspiracy to murder.

43. death sentence (Noun) legal punishment of being killed for serious crime โทษประหารชวี ติ
Premeditated murder is punished by the death sentence.

44. deceive (Verb) to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage หลอกลวง
The seller deceives the buyer as to the quality of the goods sold.

45. defraud (Verb) to get money illegally from a person ฉอโกง
He was accused of defrauding the company one million baht.

46. detain (Verb) to keep someone in an official place and prevent from leave หนว งเหนีย่ วกักขงั
A woman has been detained for investigating.

47. detention (Noun) forcing someone officially to stay in a place การคุมขัง, การกักขัง
The Court has the power to issue the writ of detention of the defendant.

48. dismiss (Verb) to say that a legal case should not continue because there is not enough evidence ยก
ฟอง

The case was dismissed.
49. element of crime The constituent parts of a crime usually consisting of the actus reus, mens rea, and
causation that the prosecution must prove to sustain a conviction องคประกอบความผิด

An element of crime is a necessary condition for legal proof that a defendant has committed a
given crime.

50. embezzlement (Noun) fraudulent taking of personal property ความผิดฐานยกั ยอก
She was found guilty of embezzlement.

51. encompass (Verb) to include, especially a variety of things รวมเขาไว, ลอมรอบ
The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre and ballet.

52. entire (Adj.) whole or complete ทง้ั หมด
He had spent the entire journey asleep.

53. enforcement (Noun) the act of compelling with a law การบงั คับ
In most cases, the enforcement of law in Thailand is still weak.

54. execution (Noun) SYN. death sentence การประหารชีวิต
He faced execution by injection.

55. extortion (Noun) act of obtaining something by illegal means ความผิดฐานกรรโชกทรัพย
He was found guilty of obtaining the money by extortion.

56. felony (Noun) the act of committing a serious crime ความผิดอกุ ฉกรรจ
Treason is an example of felony.

57. fine (Noun) an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying law ปรับ
He faces six months in jail and a heavy fine.

58. force (Noun) pressure directed against a person or thing การบังคบั
The police were able to control the crowd by force.

59. forgery (Noun) the act of making false document or altering a real one to be used as if genuine
ความผิดฐานปลอมเอกสาร

These banknotes are forgeries.
60. forfeiture (Noun) something (money or property) lost or confiscated by the process ริบทรัพยสนิ

He was deep in debt and faced with forfeiture of his property.

61. gross (Adj.) unacceptable because clearly wrong รายแรง
It was grossly unfair to demand such a high interest rate on the loan.

62. guilty (Noun) someone who has committed a crime พบวามีความผิด
He was found guilty of murder.

63. imitate (Verb) to behave in a similar way to someone or something else ลอกเลียนแบบ
Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their musical heroes from the past.

64. impose (Verb) to introduce something such as a new and force people to accept it ใชบ งั คับ
They have imposed restrictions on trade with foreign companies.

65. imprisonment (Noun) the punishment of being put into prison โทษจําคุก
She was sentenced five years imprisonment.

66. injection (Noun) the process of forcing a liquid into something by using pressure การฉดี ยา

This medicine is usually administered by injection.

67. inflict (Verb) to force someone to experience something very unpleasant ทาํ ใหเ สยี หาย, ทาํ โทษ
These new bullets are capable of inflicting massive injuries

.
68. instigate (Verb) to make something start, especially an official process กอ ใหเกิดข้นึ

The leaders of the two factions instigated peace talks.

69. intimidation (Noun) make someone feel frightened ขม ขู
She has endured many years of intimidation and violence.

70. investigation (Noun) the process of trying to find out all details in order to discover who or how it
happened การสืบสวนสอบสวน

She is still under investigation by the English police.

71. jail (Noun) a place where criminal are kept as part of their punishment คกุ
He is serving a seven year jail sentence.

72. joint effort (Noun) something that is done by two or more people ความตั้งใจรว มกนั
The homework looked as if it had been a joint effort.

73. kidnapping (Noun) illegal take someone away and make them a prisoner ความผดิ ฐานลกั พาตัว
The local businessman was a targeted victim of the kidnapping.

74. knowingly (Adv.) do it deliberately even though you know that what you are doing is wrong or
illegal เจตนาเลง็ เหน็ ผล

She looked at me knowingly.

75. larceny (Noun) the unlawful taking and carrying away of someone’s else property with the intent to
deprive the possessor permanently ความผดิ ฐานลักทรพั ย

He was found guilty of larceny.

76. leniency (Noun) not a strong in punishment การรับโทษนอยลง
The lawyer asked for leniency on the grounds of her client’s youth.

77. malice (Noun) the wish to harm or upset other people เจตนาช่ัวรา ย
There certainly wasn’t any malice in her comments.

78. manslaughter (Noun) the crime of killing a person by someone who did not intend to do it ความผดิ
ฐานฆา ผูอื่นโดยไมเจตนา

He denies murder but admits manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility.

79. mens rea (to require mental intent) องคป ระกอบภายใน หรอื เจตนา
Mens Rea is a criminal intent or evil mind.

80. mental (Adj.) relating to the mind เก่ยี วกบั จิตใจ
His mental health has got worse.

81. misdemeanour (Noun) an action which slightly breaks a rule but is not a crime ความผดิ ลหโุ ทษ
Alfred beat his children for even the smallest misdemeanour.

82. motive (Noun) reason that makes someone do something แรงจูงใจ
What do you suppose the killer’s motive was?

83. murder (Noun) the crime of intentionally killing a person ความผิดฐานฆา ผูอ่นื
Two brothers have been charged with murder.

84. negligently (Adv.) not taking enough care over something ประมาท

He was found guilty of negligent driving.

85. offence (Noun) an illegal act; a crime ฐานความผดิ
Offence is classified by reference to powers of arrest.

86. offender (Noun) one who commits an offence ผูก ระทาํ ความผิด
The primary objective of the criminal law is the punishment of the offenders.

87. omission (Noun) something that has not been included การละเวน การกระทํา
Measures to control child employment are very obvious omission from new legislation.

88. penal (Adj.) relating to criminal law ในทางอาญา
The Penal Code of Thailand was promulgated on 13th November B.E. 2499.

89. perjury (Noun) telling lies when you have sworn an oath to say what is true in court ความผิดฐาน
เบกิ ความเท็จ

Perjury is a crime committed by a person who willfully makes a statement material in the
proceeding which he knows to be false or does not believe to be true.

90. physical harm (Noun) dangerous connected with the body อนั ตรายตอ กาย
There was obviously a great physical harm between them.

91. possession (Noun) have or own something การครอบครอง
Please remember to take all your personal possessions with you.

92. premeditation (Noun) done after being thought about carefully planned การไตรตรองลว งหนา
The assault was premeditated and particularly brutal.

93. presumption (Noun) something that you think is true ขอสนั นิษฐาน
On the presumption that the doctor knows best, I took the medicine.

94. pretense (Noun) a way of behaving that is intended to deceive people การปดบงั
She made absolutely no pretence of being interested.

95. prison (Noun) a building where criminals are force to live as a punishment คกุ
He spent a lot of time in prison.

96. probation (Noun) a system that allows some criminals not go to prison การรอลงอาญา
The judge sentenced him to four years’ probation.

97. probation officer (Noun) someone whose job is to watch, advise, and help people who have broken
the law and are on probation เจา พนกั งานคมุ ประพฤติ

He works as a probation officer.

98. prohibition (Noun) when something is officially forbidden ขอหาม
London Transport has announced a prohibition on smoking on buses.

99. prosecution (Noun) officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a court of law การดาํ เนิน
คดอี าญา

A number of the cases have resulted in successful prosecution.

100. punishment (Noun) something that is done in order to punish someone การลงโทษ
The court decides what punishment to impose.

101. purposely (Adv.) intentionally ประสงคต อผล
The trial has been purposely delayed.

102. ransom (Noun) a large sum of money which is demanded in exchange for someone release คา ไถ
They demanded a huge ransom for the return of little girl.

103. rape (Noun) to force someone to have sex by using violence ความผดิ ฐานขม ขนื
She had been raped and stabbed.

104. relieve (Verb) to make an unpleasant feeling บรรเทาลง
She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.

105. robbery (Noun) the crime of stealing money using violence ความผดิ ฐานชงิ ทรัพย
He received ten year prison sentence for armed robbery.

106. sanction (Noun) a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys the rule of law
บทบังคับ

The UN security council may impose economic sanction.
107. seize (Verb) to take something quickly and keep or hold it ยดึ

He seized his arm and made him turn to look at me.

108. sentencing (Noun) a punishment given by a judge in court to a person after they have been found
guilty of doing something wrong การลงโทษ

He got a light sentence.

109. sexual offence (Noun) relating to the physical activity of sex ความผิดเกี่ยวกับเพศ
Being charged with a sexual offense is very serious in the State of Colorado.

110. solicit (Verb) to ask someone for money, information or help เชญิ ชวน แสวงหา
It is illegal for public officials to solicit gifts or money in exchange for favours.

111. suicide (Noun) the act of killing yourself intentionally การฆา ตัวตาย
The suicide rate among men between the ages of 16 and 25 has risen.

112. trafficking (Noun) buying or selling illegal goods การซอ้ื ขายสิง่ ผิดกฎหมาย
Drug trafficking is a continuous crime.

113. trial (Noun) the hearing of statements in a court of law การพิจารณาคดี
She is going trial for fraud.

114. trespass (Noun) to go on someone’s building without permission บุกรุก
This is a public footpath and we are not trespassing on someone’s land.

115. victim (noun) someone who suffers because of something bad เหย่ือ
Most homicide victims are under 30.

116. violation (Noun) breaking or acting against law การฝา ฝน
He had been treated of a gross violation of human rights.

117. violence (Noun) behaviour that is intended to hurt other people physically ความรุนแรง
There is too much sex and violence on TV these days.

118. warrant (Noun) an official document, signed by a judge or other person in authority หมาย
The judge has issued an arrest warrant.

119. witness (Noun) someone who sees a crime and describe what happened พยาน
One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.

120. wrongdoer (Noun) a person who does something bad or illegal ผกู ระทาํ ความผดิ
She has denied any criminal wrongdoer.

……………………………………

Review exercises

Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. What is a crime?
a. a remedy for civil action
b. a positive or negative act forbidden by law and punishable upon conviction by
death, imprisonment or fine
c. a misdemeanor punishable by a 1,000 baht fine
d. a bad behavior which is abhorred by law abiding citizens

2. Who is not classified as a criminal law player?
a. State’s Attorney b. District officer c. Police officer d. The accused

3. What does “capital crime” mean?
a. a crime in which the offender is a minor
b. a serious crime punishable by death
c. an offense against the state
d. an act against morality

4. Which choice is not the outcome of a criminal case?
a. A criminal investigation ends with no arrest.
b. A person is brought to trial and found “not guilty,” or acquitted, by a jury.
c. A person is convicted by a jury and sentenced to a long prison term.
d. A person bribes a government officer to release him.

5. What can we call the amount of money set by a judge as a condition of pretrial release

from custody?

a. bail b. remuneration c. extra fee d. salary

6. Which crime is a “misdemeanour”?
a. A kidnaps B and asking for ransom
b. C has strong intention to set fire D’s house
c. J assaults K for100 baht for cigarettes
d. M has a plan to kill N because of conflict of interests

7. Section 59 paragraph 4 of the Thai Criminal law states “To commit an act by

negligence is to commit an offence unintentionally but without exercising such care as might be

expected from a person under such ………………. and ………………….” .

From this section, what are two elements of negligence?

a. intention and knowingly b. wrongdoing and offense

c. conditions and circumstances d. care and person

8. What does “mens rea” mean?
a. mental intent b. elements of crime c. criminal act d. actual intent

9. What does “actus rea” mean?
a. element of crime b. action against rival c. crime of passion d. capital crime

10. The highest level of criminal punishment is the …………… sentence.

a. dangerous b. jail c. death d. risk

11. What can we call a period of time when a criminal must not commit any more crimes?
a. projector b. proton c. process d. probation

12. Anna was sentenced ten years’ …………………. .

a. death b. imprisonment c. robbery d. murder

13. What can we call a person who helped in the commission of a crime?

a. conspirator b. accessory c. volunteer d. legally

14. What is the most important element to consider in sentencing?
a. the act b. testimony c. the victims d. intention

15. When the accused pleads guilty, what in reality does he do?
a. He says that he has not committed the crime.
b. He says that he has committed the crime.
c. He says that he will never commit another crime.
d. He says that since he has not committed the crime, he should be released.

16. Which word is the synonym of “death sentence”?

a. manslaughter b. execution c. evidence d. guilty

17. What does this phase “Nulla poena sine lege” mean?

a. No punishment without law b. No law, no punishment

c. No one can be punished d. No law can punish wrongdoers

18. What is the main reason for kidnapping a person?

a. money b. property

c. ransom d. victim

19. He was ……….. on a charge of abducting two Cambodian girls.

a. arrested b. abused

c. addicted d. avoided

20.The defendant is accused of committing several ………… including bank robberies.
a. crimes b. criminals c. warrants d. forces

…………………………………

References

ภาษาไทย
เกยี รติขจร วจั นะสวัสด์ิ, ภาษาอังกฤษสาํ หรับนักกฎหมายเกีย่ วกบั กฎหมายอาญาและกฎหมายวธิ ี
พจิ ารณาความอาญา. กรงุ เทพมหานคร: จิรรชั การพมิ พ, 2548.
ธง วิทยั วัฒน, ขอสอบอัยการ วชิ าภาษาองั กฤษ ตัง้ แต พ.ศ. 2504-ปจ จุบนั . พิมพค รงั้ ท่ี 6. กรุงเทพฯ:

สาํ นกั พมิ พนิติธรรม, 2552.

ภาษาอังกฤษ
BRIEGER,N., Test Your Professional English (Law). Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2002.
BROWN,S.W., Legal Terminology. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006.
Cambridge Advanced learner’s Dictionary. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
GARNER,B.A., Black’s law dictionary. 8th edition. West, 2004.
GREASBY,L., Check your vocabulary for law (a workbook for users). 2nd edition. Trend: Peter
Collin Publishing, 1998.
LONGMAN exams dictionary (Your key to exam success). 4th edition. Pearson ESL, 2007.
MACMILLAN English dictionary for advanced learners. 2nd edition. Macmillan Education,
2007.
OXFORD Advances learner’s dictionary. 7th edition. Oxford University Press, 2005.

Chapter 5 Practice legal writing
บทท่ี 5 การฝก เขียนในเชงิ กฎหมาย

ความมงุ หมายของบทเรียน (The Objective of Study)

เพ่ือใหน กั ศึกษาไดเรียนรแู ละฝกทักษะในดานการเขยี นเชิงกฎหมายทสี่ ําคัญ อนั เปน การ
สรา งพนื้ ฐานในการเขา สูวชิ าชีพทางกฎหมาย

เน้อื หา (Content)

เนื้อหาในบทน้ีประกอบไปดวยการเขียนประวตั ิสว นตวั จดหมายแสดงความสนใจใน
การศกึ ษาตอหรือการทาํ งาน (Resume and letter of motivation) การเขียนในเชิงใหความเห็นทาง
กฎหมาย (Legal Opinion) และการเขียนสรปุ คดขี องศาล (Summaries of Judicial decision)

กิจกรรมและวธิ ีสอน (Activities and Teaching Methodology)

1. การบรรยาย (Lecture)
2. การฝก ปฏบิ ตั ิ (Writing Practices)

อปุ กรณก ารสอน (Teaching Equipment)
1. เอกสารประกอบการสอน

2. ตวั อยางเอกสารทางกฎหมายท่เี ก่ียวของ

การวัดผลและการประเมินผล (The Assessment)

1. การฝก ปฏิบัติจากการเขียน (Writing Practices)
2. การอภิปรายในช้นั เรียน (Class Discussion)

Pre-test (Chapter 5)

Write down your CV. under these following terms and conditions

You are a fresh law graduate student. You seek for a job as a human resource officer and
a legal officer. You have to put these conditions in your CV,

1. Full name and correspondence
2. Education background
3. Legal area interest particularly labor law and drafting contract skills
4. The advantage of language capability
5. Your expected salary (not less than 17000 Thai currency)

Chapter 5 Practice legal writing
บทที่ 5 การฝก เขียนในเชงิ กฎหมาย

What is Curriculum Vitae or resume?

Curriculum vitae is a document described a summary of your academic and work
history. It is an important document attached with your job application or educational documents.
The content in curriculum vitae is composed of the education background, your professional
experience, new interests and career directions. When your curriculum vitae reaches to
employers or educational institutions, they often spend less than a minute looking at each resume.
The resume is an effective marketing tool to demonstrate your ability in the position you apply
for.

These are many curriculum vitae with the commentary as follows;

The Traditionally presented CV

Anthony Smith
Home address: 4 My Mothers Road, Middle Town, M12 34N
Term address: Flat 1, Inner City Road, University Town, U89 76V

Telephone: 00 00 123456
Email: [email protected]

Date of Birth: 01/05/1982

EDUCATION
1999-2002 The University of Anytown
BSc (Hons) Biological Sciences (2:1)
Specialised in Animal Science. Main modules included Biochemistry,
Endocrinology, Cardiorespiratory Physiology, Lactation and Indigestion,
Biotechnology and Reproductive Physiology.
Final year project: Determining the precise time of ovulation in a pig in order

to enhance the efficiency of artificial insemination
1993-1999 Middle Town 6th Form College

A Levels: Biology (B), Chemistry (C), English (C)
GCSEs: 8 GCSE’s A-C
WORK EXPERIENCE

Summer 2001 Catering Assistant at R.Owdside Ltd
Prepared food and served customers as part of a team of six
Gained experience of dealing with members of the public

Worked quickly and reliably under pressure
Summer 2000 Lab Technician with Labs R Us
Carrying out routine tasks accurately to produce reliable and precise data
Following strict methodology to carry out analyses
Recording and interpreting results and presenting to supervisor

POSITIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY
Captain of badminton team at University. Organised fixtures, practices and

social events.
Involved in first year Buddy schemes which entailed being responsible for a

small group of first years, ensuring they settled in.
Course representative for final year students. Involved representing interests

and problems of students to staff in meetings

ACTIVITIES/INTERESTS
Sport: I have been a committed member of the badminton team throughout

university
I enjoy aerobics and cross country skiing
Travel: I enjoy experiencing new cultures and have travelled to various parts

of Europe and America.
Other: Italian films, Modern Literature, watching football.

SKILLS
Driving: Full clean licence
IT: Familiar with Word, Excel and Windows
Languages: Basic French and Italian

REFEREES
Dr E.C Lifenot Mrs Sue Pervisor
Department of Academic Studies R.Owdside ltd
University of Anytown Middletown

Commentary
The traditionally presented CV has a clear and logical order. Many people feel comfortable
creating this format as it adheres to the key areas of information usually required in making a job
application.
It is important to avoid making this style of CV into a bare list or inventory of what you did and
when. As our introductory notes say on the opening page of this leaflet, you need to give a strong
impression of what you got from your experiences in terms of achievements, skills and
knowledge acquired, and a sense of how far your involvement went.
The main drawbacks of this style of CV are that it doesn’t really allow you to target your
experiences towards the kind of job you are trying to get. If you wish to do this, then you may
want to consider either a skills based CV.

Law Student CV applying for Training Contract /Law
Vacation Placement

Ed Mann

Address: 16 Anyway road, Cinderhill, Nottingham, NG11 4BD (term-time and vacation)
Telephone: 0115 966 7894 or 07777 000 009
E-mail: [email protected]
Date of Birth: 30th June 1983 Nationality: British

CURRENT EDUCATION
University of Nottingham, Law Degree (LLB) from September 2002,
graduating in June 2005
1st Year – overall average 74% 1st
Understanding Law 78% 1st
Constitutional Law 75% 2:1
Law of Contract 71% 2:1t
Law of Torts 71% 1st
2nd year modules for 2003-4: Commercial Law, Land Law, EC/EU Law and
Criminal Law.
(Enter 2nd year marks too, if sending off CV after semester exams in January)

1995 – 2002 Bolton School, Bolton
A Levels: Maths (A) Chemistry (A) and Physics (A)
AS Level: Religious Studies: Ethics (A)
Key Skills: Communication, IT and Application of Number (units: 3
passes)
GSCEs: 12 subjects all at grade A*

ACTIVITIES, INTERESTS AND POSITIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY
Careers Representative of University Law Society 2003-4
My position involves organising careers talks, presentations and helping to arrange
social events such as the law ball. I also participate in ‘Skillegal’ legal skills
workshops.

Pro Bono Group 2002 - 2004
Lead a team of six to organise and manage legal presentations, delivering legal
information to schools. In addition, I am a student member of the Solicitors Pro Bono
Group.

Human Rights Conference Committee 2002-3
Played a key role in organising the 2004 international Human Rights Student
Conference held at the University. Ssucceeded in attracting eminent international
speakers on a range of topics. Positive feedback was received from the School of
Law, stating it was the most successful conference to date.

EMPLOYMENT /WORK EXPERIENCE
March 2003 – Present Okocha Nolan Solicitors, Paralegal / Support (vacation work)
July 2000 – January 2003 Agencies:Temporary Paralegal / Secretary
June 1999 – July 2000 Jones & Co. Solicitors,Part Time Legal Secretary

Skills / Experience gained in the above positions
Currently specialising in both property (residential/commercial) and private client.
Taking instructions, issuing proceedings, preparing bundles/disclosure, costing and
billing.
Using initiative in legal research – accessing and analysing cases, precedents and
practice/procedure.
Developing individually tailored service for clients, adapting practices using client
feedback.
Non-legal temporary work including secretarial/PA support in global professional

services firm
September 2003 KPMG / KLegal Leading Edge Vacation Scheme
Commercial awareness: further insights into the wider business context in which firms
operate
Teamwork and presentation skills: delivering team presentation on aspect of business
Interview technique and interpersonal skills: workshop developing interview /
discussion skills

October 2001 – 2002 Watts Insurance Company P/T Customer Service Advisor
Supervisor within customer service call centre
Performance monitoring: regularly reviewing personal performance against specific
competencies
Strong leadership skills: sensitive leadership, assisting, training, motivating and
reviewing my team
Presentation skills: giving presentation on people management in order to gain
internal promotion

OTHER SKILLS AND ABILITIES
IT: Office packages, Practice Management, Case Management Systems, online
legal research.
Driving: Full clean licence.
Languages: French intermediate.

INTERESTS AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
Travel Enjoy travelling and regularly visit Europe.
Writing Write for ‘The Advocate” – the magazine of University Law Society.
Reading Keep up to date with current affairs and legal issues. I read The Lawyer and I
regularly keep up to date by using online sources and by reading the New
Law Journal.

REFEREES
Mr S Allardyce ( tutor), School of Law, University of Nottingham, University Park,
Nottingham, NG7 2RD.
Email: [email protected] Tel: 0115 921 2121 Fax: 0115 921 1212
Mr J. Brown, Head of Sixth Form, Bolton School, Chorley New Road, Bolton BW3 2FC
Email: [email protected] Tel: 0204 000 100

Commentary
First year exam marks must be put onto the CV if you are applying for vacation placements
before your semester exams in the January of your second year. They should be included if you
also know your second year marks.
Firms want to see how you are performing all through the degree program.
Firms want to see involvement in University activities.
If you can get legal experience all well and good – other experience is valid (commercial,
community work etc)
Try and give detail of activities and not statements that are not evidenced e.g. “I developed
excellent communication skills” Employers want to know what skills in what context.

What is statement of purpose?

Your cover letter is an excellent opportunity to communicate your personality,
enthusiasm and professional strengths to a potential employer. It gives you a chance to highlight
those experiences and interests that make you a unique applicant. Also, keep in mind that your
letter gives the employer a sample of how well you write. As with your resume, be careful about
typos. Vary your sentence structure to keep the employer interested; for example, do not begin
every sentence with "I (verb)."

When writing to employers who have indicated specific job openings, you should draft a
cover letter with the same creativity you put into your resume. Try to set a personal, yet
professional, tone in your cover letters that adds a sense of who you are as an individual, why you
are interested in this particular employer and why you will work well at that particular office. The
less standardized your letter is, the better it will be remembered.

First, try to address your cover letter to the particular person responsible for hiring in
each office. Simply call the personnel office or hiring contact and ask for the hiring attorney's
name. Avoid addressing a letter "to whom it may concern." Show that you took the initiative to
find out the person's name and title. Remember to confirm all contacts' information, as changes
are inevitable. If possible, mention the name of the person who referred you to the job, as this is
one highly effective form of networking. When all else fails, you can address your letter to the
"Hiring Coordinator." In addition, be sure to spell-check your letter and edit any grammatical
mistakes.

Your cover letter can convey more fully who you are than your resume. Go into detail
about your background and skills instead of reiterating what is already on your resume. Cover
letters should never serve simply as letters of transmittal. More and more, interview decisions rest
on the employer's sense of you as a person. Your cover letter plays a pivotal role in creating this
impression.

Length & Tone

Cover letters should be about a full page long. Your letter is an uninterrupted chance to
tell an employer about yourself and to add depth to the credentials highlighted on your resume.
Treat the cover letter much like a one-sided interview, using a slightly informal, conversational
tone to convey your interest in the job and the relevant experiences that qualify you for the
position.

Paragraph of Introduction

The first paragraph of your letter should serve to identify you (e.g., I am a first year
student at Harvard Law School) and should explain why you are contacting them (e.g., I am
interested in a summer internship with your office.). Mention how you learned about the
organization or the specific job opening, whether it was from a friend, a previous intern in the
office, an article in the paper, a speaker on a panel or a job announcement.

Qualifications & Interests

The middle paragraphs should stress those work experiences that are most relevant to the
position without merely rehashing the descriptions in your resume. This section should include
your public service experience, leadership positions, relevant course work, etc. Weave a story
that explains your background and ends with why you are seeking work with this particular
employer (e.g., your interest in civil rights).

Focus on how your skills fulfill the employer's needs. Doing so will show not only that
you recognize your own capabilities, but that you also have done research about and understand
the organization.

In this section, the employer expects to find out why he or she should consider you for
the job. For this reason, you have to distinguish yourself from the crowd. Displaying genuine and
informed enthusiasm for the position goes a long way, particularly when it is linked to your own
work experience.

Concluding Paragraph

The last paragraph should thank the employer for his or her consideration, provide your
telephone number and indicate that you will call within the next few weeks to set up a time to
meet. Let out-of-town employers know if you will be in their area at some time in the near future
in order to facilitate scheduling an interview.

1595 Darlington Ave - 57
Cambridge, MA 02138-8212

October 26, 2006

Stuart Rappaport, Esq.
Public Defender of Santa Clara County
County Government Center, West Wing
70 West Hedding Street
San Jose, CA 95110

Dear Mr. Rappaport:
I am a third year Harvard Law student determined to pursue a career as a public defender upon
graduation. I am particularly interested in working for your office and would like to speak to you
about the opportunities available.

As you can see from the enclosed resume, I have a strong background in criminal defense work.
During the summer after my first year of law school, I worked for the Public Defender Service
for the District of Columbia, where I helped attorneys prepare for trial and conducted extensive
research on whether juveniles could be granted jury trials under district law. In my second
summer I interned for the North Carolina Resource Center, researching issues for capital trials
and appeals, writing court documents and meeting with death row inmates. Perhaps my most
gratifying work experience came in interviewing a woman on death row about her childhood,
looking for signs of abuse to support her appeal. Working with her confirmed my commitment to
client-based criminal defense work.

In addition to my summer positions, I have taken every opportunity possible to prepare
myself for a career in criminal defense. I have completed virtually every criminal law course
offered by Harvard Law School. Through my work on the Women's Law Journal, I have refined
my research and writing skills. My training during the Trial Advocacy Workshop has helped me
to develop the strong oral advocacy skills critical in the courtroom, which I am now putting to use
in the Criminal Justice Institute clinical program.

My academic and professional training, combined with my passion for criminal defense
work, make me a strong candidate for a public defender position. I would appreciate the chance
to
discuss my qualifications with you. I can be reached at (617) 555-6452 and will call your office
in the next few weeks to speak about the possibility of setting up an interview. Thank you for
your time and attention.

Sincerely,
Elizabeth Weiss

70 Park Street, Apt. 41
Somerville, MA 02143

November 7, 2006

Derek K. Childress
Attorney Recruitment Coordinator
U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission
450 5th St., NW
Washington, D.C. 20549

Dear Mr. Childress:
I am a third year law student at Harvard Law School and am interested in pursuing a

career representing the government in securities and finance fraud cases. The focus of the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission on enforcing the law in the financial and business world
for the public good, rather than for private interests, is the perfect fit for my interests and skills.
I spent my first summer in law school as a summer associate at a small litigation firm in
Portland, Oregon, honing my research and writing skills. During my second summer, I worked at
Davis, Polk & Wardwell in New York, where I assisted attorneys in a complex financial fraud
case. Although I enjoyed the substantive legal matters involved in the case, I found myself more
engaged by the prosecution's arguments. In my third year of law school, I enrolled in a clinical
placement at the United States Attorney's Office in Boston, investigating the prior convictions of
a repeat felon, helping to prepare the present case against him and assisting during the trial. I
found the work both in and out of court tremendously compelling, reaffirming my interest in
becoming a federal lawyer.

While in law school, I have taken numerous courses on finance, including Corporations,
Bankruptcy and Consumer Finance, which have strengthened my understanding of securities and
finance. As the Notes Editor for the Journal on Legislation, I have gained significant experience
with collaborative and detail-oriented work and have further refined my research, writing and
analytical abilities.

The skills I have gained during my three years at Harvard Law School and the strong
commitment I have to working on securities fraud issues make me a qualified candidate for a
Staff Attorney position at the Securities and Exchange Commission. I have enclosed a resume
for your consideration and will contact you next week to discuss my candidacy. If you wish to
reach me, please call (617) 624-2120. Thank you in advance for your time and I look forward to
speaking with you soon.

Sincerely,
Daniel Jacobson

References

Websites
www.law.harvard.edu/current/careers/opia/landing-your-job/sample-cover-letters.html
www.nottingham.ac.uk/careers

Bibliography

ภาษาไทย

เกยี รตขิ จร วจั นะสวัสด์ิ, ภาษาองั กฤษสาํ หรับนักกฎหมายเกยี่ วกับกฎหมายอาญาและกฎหมายวิธี
พจิ ารณาความอาญา. กรุงเทพมหานคร: จริ รัชการพมิ พ, 2548.
ถาวร โพธิท์ อง, พจนานกุ รมกฎหมายและศัพทท เี่ กยี่ วของ องั กฤษ-ไทย. พิมพครั้งที่ 3. กรงุ เทพฯ :

สํานักพมิ พ มหาวิทยาลยั ธรรมศาสตร, 2550.
ธง วิทยั วฒั น, ขอ สอบผูพพิ ากษา วชิ าภาษาองั กฤษ ต้ังแต พ.ศ. 2498-ปจ จบุ ัน. พมิ พค ร้งั ท่ี 6.

กรุงเทพฯ: สาํ นกั พมิ พนติ ธิ รรม, 2551.
ธง วทิ ัยวฒั น, ขอสอบอัยการ วชิ าภาษาอังกฤษ ตัง้ แต พ.ศ. 2504-ปจจบุ ัน. พิมพค รั้งท่ี 6. กรงุ เทพฯ:

สาํ นกั พมิ พน ิตธิ รรม, 2552.
ภทั รมน สาตรักษ, ขอสงั เกตพ้นื ฐานในการเรียนรูภาษาองั กฤษสาํ หรบั นกั กฎหมาย.

วารสารรพพี ฒั นศกั ด,์ิ สํานักวชิ านิตศิ าสตร มหาวทิ ยาลัยแมฟาหลวง, 2552.
ยงยทุ ธ วิรยิ ายุทธังกรู , ประมวลกฎหมายแพง และพาณชิ ย แปลไทย-องั กฤษ. พมิ พคร้ังที่ 5.

กรุงเทพฯ: สํานกั พมิ พส ูตรไพศาล, 2551.

ภาษาอังกฤษ

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TAN, D., A Primer of Thai Business Law. Bangkok: P. Press Co., Ltd, 2008.

Websites
www.bangkokpost.com

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilil_law_legal_system

www.ldoceonline.com
www.law.harvard.edu/current/careers/opia/landing-your-job/sample-cover-letters.html
www.longmanonline.com
www.nottingham.ac.uk/careers