-s_ ;ªj\ m| ldt ;O' ÷{ /utaf6 ;g{] /fu] sf sf/0f, nIf0f / /fs] yfdsf pkfo (Causes,
symptoms and preventive measures of decease caused due
to contaminated syringe and blood )
;ªj\ m| ldt ;O' ÷{ /utaf6 ;g{] /fu] sf sf/0f, nIf0f / /fs] yfdsf pkfox¿ lgDgfg;' f/ 5g\ M
/fu] sL6f0f' ;g{] sf/0f nIf0f /f]syfd
x]kf6fOl6; Hepatitis ;ªj\ |mldt JolStn] vfgfdf c?lr xg' ,] k/LIf0f u//] dfq} /
…aLÚ 'B' k|of]u u/]sf] ;O' {, jfsjfs nfUg] ut lng] / lbg] ug{] .
l;l/Gh, gfs jf
sfg 5]8]s\ f] l;of] cfFvf, gª, lk;fa ;s;] Dd ;ªj\ |mldt
ko| fu] u/]df cflb kxFn] f] xg' ] dlxnf ue{jtL xg'
gxg' ]
;T' s/] L xb'F f sdnlktsf] h:tf]
cfdfsf] /ut, nIf0f b]lvg] c;/' lIft ofg}
3fprf]6dfkmt{ ;Dks{ gug{]
aRrfsf] /St;~rf/ h/f] cfpg] tyf
df ldl;Pdf, kl;gf cfpg] ;ªs\ l| dt ;O' { ko| f]
u gug{]
;ª\j|mldt JolSt;Fu z/L/df 8fa/x¿
c;'/lIft ofg} cfpg] /fu] Ln] k|ofu] u/]sf]
;Dks{ /fVfd] f ;O' { kg' M k|ofu] gug]{
z/L/ sdhf/] xFb' }
hfg] ;dod} vf]k lng]
x]kf6fOl6; Hepatitis ;ªj\ m| ldt JolStn] z/L/ sdhf/] x'g] lrNnf] / cldnf]
…;LÚ 'C ' k|of]u u/s] f] ;O' ,{ / bA' nfpbF } hfg] vfg] s/' f gvfg]
l;l/Gh, gfs jf ;fdfGo cj:yfdf sn]hfn] fO{ c;/
Virus sfg 5]8\s] f] l;of] xNsf kxnF] fk] gf kg{] cfi} fwL gvfg]
k|ofu] ubf{ b]lvg] ;'O{ jf cGo
;'Ts]/L x'bF f s8f cj:yfdf pks/0f
cfdfsf] /ut, c;fWo} kxFn] f] lgd{nLs/0f u//]
3fprf6] dfkm{t b]lvg] dfq} ko| f]u ug]{
aRrfsf] /St;~rf/ h/f] cfpg,] vfg zs+ f nfu]df
df ldl;Pdf dg gnfUg] k/LIf0f ug{]
;ªj\ m| ldt cfvF fsf] ;] ;dod} vfk] lng]
JolSt;uF c;/' lIft tf] efu, gª /
ofg} ;Dks{ /fVfd] f 5fnfdf kx]Fnf]kg
b]lvg]
46 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
Pr=cfO{ HIV and ;ª\j|mldt JolSt;Fu la/fdLnfO{ nfdf] c;/' lIft ofg} ;Dks{
le / P8;\ AIDS
(Retro c;'/lIft of}g ;do ;Dd h/f] gug{]
Virus)
;Dk{s /fv]df cfpg] / vfg dg lgd{nLs/0f u/]sf
;ªj\ |mldt ue{jtL gnfUg] ;'O{ k|ofu] ug{]
dlxnfn] aRrf nfdf] ;do;Dd vf] ;ª\j|mldt cfdf
hGdfpbF f sL jf emf8fkvfnf uej{ tL xg' gxg' ]
;ª\jm| ldt JolStn] nfUg] . /ut lng'k/]df jf
ko| fu] u/s] f] ;O' ,{ la/fdLsf] tfn} 36b\ } cª\u kT| of/fk] 0f ug'{
l;l/Gh, lg8n, cGo hfg] .
k/d] f HIV AIDS
sg' }wfl/nf] xltof/ 5fnfdf vl6/fx¿ k/LIf0f u/L dfq} lng]
k|ofu] u/]df
bl] vg] jf lbg]
;ªj\ |mldt JolStsf] /f]ulj?4 n8\g]
/ut jf s'g} cª\u k|lt/f]w Ifdtf
c¿ JolStnfO{ sdhf]/ x'bF } hfg]
lbPdf jf k|Tof/fk] 0f
u/d] f lnDkm u|GyLx¿
;'GgLg] / a9b} hfg]
$=# 6lG;n / km\ of/G] hfOl6; /fu] sf] sf/0f / /fs] yfdsf pkfox¿ (Causes,
and prevention of tonsilities and phyrangities )
-s_ 6lG;nfOl6; (Tosillities)
cfh sIffdf 7fs/' lgGofp/f] dv' nufP/ aG] rdf 3f]K6f] k/]/ a;s] f 5g\ .
lzIfs M s] cfh ltldnfO{ ;Grf] 5g} 7fs'/ <
7fs/' M ;/ d/] f] dv' sf] leqk6l\ 6 3fF6Lsf] km]bdf b'v]
sf] 5, ys' klg lgNg ;ss] f] 5g} .
lzIfs M v} x]/fF} t . cf]xf] Û ltdLnfO{ t 6lG;nfOl6;
kf] eP h:tf] 5 t .
7fs/' M xf] /, of] 6lG;nfOl6; egs] f] s] xf] ;/ <
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 47
lzIfs M xfdf| ] d'vsf] leqk6\l6 3f6F Lsf] km]bdf 6lG;n gfdsf] g/d tGt'x¿sf]
hf]8L x'G5 .of] efu ;ªj\ |mldt xg'nfO{ 6lG;nfOl6; elgG5 . o:tf]
;d:of w/] } h;f] afnafnlssfdf b]vfk5{ .
7fs/' M 6lG;n s:tf] x'G5 / ;/ <
lzIfs M lrq bv] fpbF } . dv' cfF u/]/ x]bf{ ;lhn} o;nfO{ b]Vg ;lsG5 . un' fjL
/ªsf] lemlNnn] o;nfO{ 9fss] f] xG' 5 .
7fs/' M of] /fu] s] sf/0fn] ubf{ nfU5 ;/<
lzIfs M x'g t of] /f]u ;fdfGo efO/; / AofS6]l/ofsf sf/0fn] nfUb5 . ;fy}
w'nf], wj' fF tyf lr;f]sf sf/0fn] x'g] u5{ .
7fs/' M of] /f]u nfUof] eg] s] s] x'G5 ;/ <
lzIfs M vfgf tyf ys' lgNbfF 3f6L bV' g,] 6fpsf] b'Vg,] h/f] cfpg], 6lG;nx¿
/ftf] x'g] / kfSg] x'G5 .
7fs'/ M o:tf] /f]uaf6 aRg] pkfo s] xfn] f t ;/ <
lzIfs M n ;'g x} t . o;af6 aRg bl} gs vfgf kl5 bfFt dfemg\ ], le8ef8df
ghfg,] lr;f,] wn' f] wjF' faf6 aRg,] ;kmf /xg,] ;Gtl' nt vfgf vfg,] ;d:of
cfpgf ;fy glhs}sf] :jf:Yo ;:y+ fdf hfg] ug'{k5{ .
lj|mofsnfk !=#
tkfOn“{ fO{ clxn;] Dd 6lG;nfOl6; ePsf] 5 ls 5}g < olb 5 eg] cfkm\gf
cge' jx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ / ePsf] 5}g eg] c?;u“ ;fw] vf]h u/]/ o;sf nIf0f /
/fs] yfdsf pkfox¿ nV] gx' f;] \ .
-v_ km\ of/]GhfOl6; (Pharyngitis)
s] tkfOF{nfO{ s'g} ;dodf 3f6F L bv' s] f] lyof]<:j/ kl/jtg{ ePsf] dx;;' ug'P{ sf]
lyof] < 3f6F L kf]ns] f] lyof] < vfgf, kfgL / Zjf; lgNg uf/f] ePsf] lyof] < olb o:tf]
ePsf] lyof] eg] tkfO{sF f] 3fF6Lsf] k5fl8sf] efu -gfs, d'v, vfgf gnL tyf Zjf;gnL
48 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
v'ns] f] efu_ s07 (Phryanx) /ftf] ePsf] / ;l' GgPsf]
x'g ;S5 . o;nfO{ kmo\ f/G] hfOl6; jf 3f6F L÷unf b'Vg]
/f]u elgG5 .
of] /f]u ;a} pd]/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ nfU5 . k|fo !%jif{
d'lgsf afnaflnsfx¿ o; /f]uaf6 a9L dfqfdf
u|l;t xg' ] u/]sf] kfOG5 . vf;u/L of] /f]u efO/; /
AofS6l] /ofsf sf/0fn] xG' 5 .of] /f]u nfUbf slxn]sfxLF
la/fdLnfO{ xfR5o\ F' cfpg,] vfs] L nfUg,] ?uf nfUg,] 6fpsf]
bV' g,] z/L/ bV' g,] sdhf/] L dx;;' xg' ,] sfd h/f] cfpg,] afGtf cfpg] ;dt] xG' 5 .
o;af6 aRgsf nflu hf8f] df;} ddf z/L/nfO{ Gofgf] kfg],{ afSnf] sk8f nufpg,]
kz| :t dfqfdf bfn, u8] fu'8Lsf] /; tyf Hjfgfsf] emfn] vfg], cf/fd ug]{, Ps lrof
lunf; dgtftf] kfgLdf Ps rDrf gg' /fv]/ lbgdf tLg÷rf/ k6s sN' nf ug{]
ug'{k5{ . ljz]if u/L lr;f] k]o kbfy{x¿ a/km, cfO;ljm| d, ld7fO{ h:tf lrh vfg'
xF'bg} . ;fy} wn' f,] wj' fF / lr;f]af6 ;/' lIft /xg'k5{ .
ljm| ofsnfk !=$
kmo\ f/G] hfOl6; x“'bf s:tf nIf0f bl] vG5g\ < o;sf] /f]syfdsf pkfox¿ s] s] xf]
nfg\ < ;fyL;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L nV] gx' f];\ .
$=$ kf| ylds pkrf/ afs;sf] lgdf0{ f / k|ofu]
xfdf| ] 3/, ljBfno / af6f3] f6fn] ufot cGo :yfgdf b'36{ gf xg' ;S5g\ . To:tf]
cj:yfdf tTsfn pkrf/sf] cfjZostf kg{ ;S5 . b3' 6{ gfdf k/s] f 3fOtn] fO{ c:ktfn
jf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k'¥ofpg' cl3 b3' {6gf :yndf g} ul/g] ;xof]u / ;fdfGo pkrf/
nfO{ k|fylds pkrf/ elgG5 . o;n] ubf{ b3' {6gfdf k/]sf] la/fdLsf] :jf:Yo ;d:of
yk hl6n xg' kfpbF g} . 3/, ljBfno tyf sfo{ :yn hxfF;'s} klg b3' {6gf 36g
;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . To;}n] kf| ylds pkrf/ afs;sf] tof/ u/L /fVg'k5{ . olb
b'36{ gf eOxfn]df To; afs;df ePsf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;xofu] n] k|fylds pkrf/ ug{
;lsG5 . k|fylds pkrf/ afs;df x'g] ;fdu|L tyf ltgsf] pkof]u tnsf] tflnsfdf
lbOPsf] 5 .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 49
;fdu|L pkofu]
skf; 3fp / rf6] k6sdf ;kmf ug{
/fl] nª AofG8]h jf uh Kof8 3fp, rf6] k6s jf dlsP{ sf] 7fpdF f afFWg
c9l] ;k 6]k k66\ L afwF s] fdf c8\ofpg
s}FrL, rSs', kmf]/;]k lr/kmf/ ug{ jf uhKof8 sf6g
l86f]n, ;e] nfg] jf l6+Sr/ ag] hf]O8 3fp ;kmf ug{
ydf]{ld6/ Hj/fg] fKg
;fa'g / ?dfn xft wg' / k5' g\
;fdfGo cfi} fwLx¿ -l;6fdfn] , Hj/f], 6fpsf] bv' ]sf], k]6 b'v]sf]
dl] 6«G8fhf]n, al'| kmg, PG6fl;8_ cj:yfdf, Uof;F el/Psf] a]nf ko| fu] ug{
dnd / :k|] ldNg]
bv' fO sd ug]{
kGhf xftdf nufpg
ljm| ofsnfk !=%
x/]s ljBfyLx{ ¿n] Ps Pscf6] f kf| ylds pkrf/ afs; tof/ u/L sIff lzIfsnfO{
b]vfP/ cfkmg\ f] 3/df /fVgx' f];\ .
-s_ ds{g' (Sprain)
lj|mofsnfk !=^
tkfO{n“ ] slxn} hfg] L{ dss]{ f] cge' j ug'e{ Psf] 5 < olb 5 eg] hfg] L{ dsb{ f s] s:tf
nIf0fx¿ bl] vPsf lyP < ;r" L agfP/ sIff lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ .
50 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf,] k|]d xtf/
ub{} ljBfno hfbF } lyP . pgL
af6fdf lrKn]/ n8] . pgsf]
v'66\ f lgs} bV' g yfNof] . pgL
n8s] f] bv] /] jl/kl/sf dflg;x¿
cfP/ p7fP . v'6\6fsf] hf]gL{
b'v]sfn] pgL lxF8\g eg]
;s]gg\ . Ps hgf l5ds] Ln]
pgsf] 3/df va/ ug'{eof] .
pgsf] afafn] afs] /] glhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf nh} fg'eof] . :jf:YosdL{n] hfFr
ubf{ v'6\6fsf] hf]gL{ ds]{sf] s'/f kQf nfUof] . c¿ s:tf] cj:yfdf z/L/sf
hfg] L{x¿ dlsg{ ] x'G5 xfn] f egL pgn] :jf:YosdL{;uF ;f]w] . :jf:YosdLn{ ] bf8} Fbf,
plk|mbF f, vN] bf klg slxns] fxLF xftv'66\ fsf df;k+ z] Lx¿ a6fl/G5g\ eGg] s/' f atfpg'
eof] . o;cj:yfdf hfg] L{ jl/kl/sf df;+ kz] L cfjZostf eGbf a9L tlGsg] jf Rofltg]
xG' 5 . o;nfO{ dlsg{ ' elgG5 egL pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
kd]| n] hfg] L{ dlsbF{ f xg' ] nIf0fx¿ ;DaGwdf :jf:YosdL;{ uF lh¡ff;f /fv] . dlsP{ sf] hfg] L{
bV' g,] rnfpg ufxf| ] xg' ,] hfg] Ls{ f] jl/kl/ ;l' Ggg] / hfg] L{ jl/kl/sf] 5fnf lgnf] xg' ] xG' 5 egL
pxfnF ] atfpge' of] . kf| ylds pkrf/sf] ¿kdf dss{] f] hfg] Ln{ fO{ grnfO{ cf/fd;uF /fVg,]
kfgLk66\ L jf a/kmn] ;S] g,] hfg] Ld{ f k66\ L afWF gk' g{] s/' f klg pxfnF ] l;sfpge' of] .
ljm| ofsnfk !=&
!= kd]| s] sf/0fn] n8s] f xfn] fg\ < Tokl5 pgsf] hfg] Ld{ f s] s:tf nIf0fx¿ bv] f k/] <
@= hf]gL{ dsd{] f s;/L k|fylds pkrf/ ul/G5 < ;fyL;u“ 5nkmn ugx{' f;] \ .
-v_ xf8 efl“ rg' (Fracture)
;fdfGotof n8\bf jf sg} b'36{gf xF'bf xfd|f] z/L/df /x]sf xf8x¿ efFlrg ;S5g\ .
b'36g{ f xF'bf v]n v]Nbf, ?vaf6 n8\bf klg xf8 efFlrg ;S5g\ . o;/L xf8x¿ 6'lj|mg'
g} xf8 eflF rg' xf] . xf8 eflF rPdf bl] vg] nIf0fx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ .
-c_ xf8 eflF rPsf] 7fpdF f 5fDbf b'Vg]
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 51
-cf_ xf8 eflrPsf] 7fpF j/k/ ;l' Ggg]
-O_ xf8 eflF rPsf 7fpdF f 5fDbf xf8 56' l\ 6Psf]
h:tf] x'g]
-O_{ z/L/el/ kl;gf cfpg] / kL8fn] 56k6L eO{ d'5f{ kg{ ;Sg]
-p_ xf8 eflF rPsf] 7fpF j/k/sf] efu lgnf] bl] vg]
k|fylds pkrf/
-c_ ;aeGbf klxn] 3fOt]nfO{ b'36{gf :ynaf6 p7fP/ ;lhnf] 7fpFdf NofO{
cf/fd ;fy ;t' fpg]
-cf_ eflF rPsf] efunfO{ l;wf kf//] grnfO{ /fVg]
-O_ eflF rPsf] efusf] tn sfdf| ] jf s'g} cfwf/ /fv]/ lkmtf jf uh jf AofG8]hn]
afwF L x88\ LnfO{ otfptfgrnfO{ /fVg]
-O{_ xft eflF rPsf] cj:yfdf 3fF6Ldf uh jf sk8fn] 8f]/L agfO{ xft e'mG8\ofpg]
-p_ 3fOt]nfO{ ;fGtjgf lbb}F yk pkrf/sf nflu l56fe] Gbf l56f] glhssf] :jf:Yo
sG] bd| f n}hfg]
-u_ a]xf]; x'g' (Shock)
sg' } sf/0fjz 5f6] f] ;dosf nflu crt] ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ d5' f{ kg{' jf ax] f]; xg' '
elgG5 . z/L/df PSsfl; t/n kbfy{ sd x'Fbf, cToflws /ut aUbf, dwd' x] sf
/f]uLsf] z/L/df lrgLsf] dfqf cTolws 36\bf jf a9\bf dflg; a]xf;] x'g ;S5g\ .
aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] tfkj|md cToGt sdL jf a9L ePdf, z/L/df clS;hgsf] dfqf
sd ePsf] cj:yfdf, dl:tisdf jf d?] b08df rf6] k6s nfUf]df klg a]xf;] x'g
;lsG5 . slxns] fFxL cf}ifwLsf] c;/n] ;dt] dflg; ax] f]; xg' ;S5 . a]xf;] xbF' f
lgDgfg;' f/ nIf0fx¿ bv] f k5{g\ M
-c_ 3fOt] jf la/dL cw{ jf k'/} a]xf;] sf] cj:yfdf xg' '
-cf_ 3fOt]sf] gf8L ;:' t ultdf rNg'
-O_ z/L/af6 kl;gf cfpg'
-O_{ 3fOt]sf] /Strfk 36\g'
-p_ cgx' f/ kx]Fnf] / km';|f] x'g'
52 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
k|fylds pkrf/
-c_ o:tf] cj:yfdf 3fOt]nfO{ ;'/lIft
7fpdF f cf/fd;Fu ;t' fpg'k5{ .
-cf_ dflg;x¿sf] le8nfO{ x6fP/ xfjf rNg]
7fpdF f /fVgk' 5{ .
-O_ z/L/df sl;Psf sk8fx¿ eP To;nfO{ v's'nf] kfg{'k5{ .
-O{_ cfjZos k/s] f avt 3fOt]nfO{ s[ltd ZjfzkZ| jf; u/fpgk' 5{ .
-p_ l56fe] Gbf l56f] :jf:Yo s]Gbd| f k'¥ofpgk' 5{ .
ljm| ofsnfk !=*
!= ;fdGotofM dflg;x¿ sg' sg' cj:yfdf ax] f]; xg' ;' S5g\ < 5nkmn u/L
ab' fx“ ¿ l6Kg'xf;] \ .
@= a]xf;] ePsf] 3fOtn] fO{ 36gf:yndf s'g s'g k|fylds pkrf/ lbg ;lsG5 <
5nkmn u/L To;sf] k|fylds pkrf/sf] pkfo k|bz{g ugx'{ f;] \ .
-3_ ;ks{ f] 6fs] fO (Snake bite)
lj|mofsnfk !=(
!= ;ks{ f] 8;fO{ x'g ;Sgs' f sf/0fx¿ s] s] xfn] fg\ < o; ;DaGwdf ;fyL;u“
5nkmn ug'{xf];\ / ;k{sf] 6f]sfOaf6 aRg] pkfox¿sf] ;r" L tof/ ug'x{ f;] \ .
@= ;kn{ ] 6fl] s;sk] l5 s:tf nIf0f bl] vG5g\ < ;r" L agfO{ sIffdf k:| tt' ugx{' f;] \ .
k9f}“ / ae' mf}“ M
cho / ul/df bfh'alxgL xg' \ . kfx] f/] ;fnsf] udL{ ljbfdf pgLx¿ dfdf3/ uPsf
lyP . k/jfgLk'/df /x]sf] dfdf3/ j/k/ lgs} xl/ofnL 7fpF lyof] . ;feF mkv b'j} hgf
rKkn nufP/ cfkF auF}rflt/ 3D' g lg:s] . emdSs ;fdm k/]kl5 3/ kms{g nfUbf
chonfO{ PSsfl; s]n] 6fS] of] . P]of eGb} pgL hf]8n] plk|mbF } s/fP . dnfO{ s]n]
6fS] of] eGb} bfh' cQflnPsf] b]v]/ ul/dfn] otfptf lgofn]/ x]bf{ ToxfF ;k{ bl] vg\ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 53
ul/dfn] t'?Gt} chonfO{ 3/df NofP/ Ps 7fpdF f gxlNnsg afWg nufOg\ . of] s'/f
dfdfnfO{ klg atfOg\ . dfdf ca s] ug{] eGb} cflQge' of] .
pgn] dfdfnfO{ l/S;f af]nfpg k7fOg\ / cfkm"n] bfh'sf] k|fylds pkrf/ ug{
nflug\ . Pp6f 8f/] Ln] ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] 7fpeF Gbf sx] L dfly / Pp6f sk8fn] 3fpeGbf
sx] L tn aflF wg\ . To;kl5 ;k{n] 6fs] ]sf] 7fpFdf hf]8 -±_ lrx\gsf] cfsf/df ;kmf
;/' lIft rSsn' ] yf/] } sf6/] bO' l{ t/af6 lyr/] /ut aufOg\ . To;kl5 3fpnfO{ ;fag' kfgLn]
/fdf| ;] uF kvflnlbOg\ . Tolt g} an] f dfdfn] l/S;f Nofpge' of] . b'jh} gf ldn]/
chonfO{ t?' Gt} :jf:Yo ;:+ yf k¥' ofpg'eof] . ul/dfn] :jf:YosdL{nfO{ cfkmn" ] u/]sf]
k|fylds pkrf/sf] s/' f atfOg\ . ;dod} kf| ylds pkrf/ u/]sfdf :jf:YosdLn{ ]
ul/dfnfO{ wGojfb lbFb} chosf] pkrf/ ug{ ;'? ug{e' of] . pkrf/kl5 cho lgsf]
eP / 3/ kms]{ . dfdfn] ul/dfsf] lxDdt / ;fx;sf] sb/ ug'{eof] .
k|fylds pkrf/
!= o:tf] cj:yfdf 3fOt]nfO{ ;/' lIft 7fpdF f cf/fd;uF ;t' fpg'k5{ .
@= 6f]ss] f] 7fpdF f ;fag' kfgLn] wg' 'k5{ .
#= ljif kmn} g glbgsf nflu 8;s] f] 7fpF eGbf sx] L dfly 8f/] L jf sk8fn] s;/] /fVgk' 5{ .
$= cfjZos k/s] f avt 3fOt]nfO{ s[lqd Zjf;k|Zjf; u/fpg'k5{ .
% l56fe] Gbf l56f] :jf:Yo sG] b|df k¥' ofpg'k5{ .
lj|mofsnfk !=!)
!= tkfO{n“ ] s;}nfO{ ;k{n] 6fs] s] f] yfxf kfPdf s:tf] kf| ydLs pkrf/ ug{'xG' 5 <
;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \ .
-ª_ s/G] 6 nfUg' (Electric shock)
tnsf] s/' fsfgL k9f“} / l;sf}“ M
lzIfs M ljBt' Lo ;fduL| x¿ ko| fu] ubf{ xf]l;of/L gckgfPdf s/]G6 nfUg ;S5 .
s] tkfOxF{ ¿n] s;n} fO{ s/G] 6 nfu]sf] dflg; b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
54 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
/fd M d/] f] ;fyLnfO{ s/]G6 nfu]sf] dn} ] b]vs] f] 5' ;/ .
lzIfs M n eGg'xf;] \ t s;/L p;nfO{ s/]G6 nfUfs] f] lyof] <
/fd M ;/, pgn] lah'nLsf] gfª\uf] tf/ slxns] fxLF Tolts} xftn] 5G' y] . l:jr jf
Knux¿df cfnF} f 3';fpg], tf/x¿ hf]8s] f 7fpdF f sfnf] 6]k Roft]/ rnfpg]
klg uy{] . pgL lr;f] xftn] l:jr vf]Ng] / lgefpg] uy{] . pgsf] o:t}
Jojxf/n] ubf{ pgnfO{ s/]G6 nfus] f] lyof] .
lzIfs M xf], pgn] Go"gtd ;'/Iffsf pkfo klg gckgfPsfn] s/]G6 nfu]sf]
/x5] . tkfOF{x¿dWo] s;n} fO{ s/]G6 nfUbf ug{ ;lsg] k|fylds pkrf/sf
af/d] f yfxf 5 <
xl/ M dnfO{ yfxf 5 ;/ .
lzIfs M n xl/ tkfOF{n] eGg'xf;] \ t s/]G6 nfUbfkf| ylds pkrf/sf s;/L ul/G5 <
xl/ M s/]G6 nfu]sf] yfxf kfpgf;fy ljB't\sf] d'Vo l:jr aGb ug'{k5{ .
s/]G6 nfus] f JolStnfO{ tf/af6 56' fpg ;V' vf sf7 jf n67\ Lsf] ko| f]u
ug'{k5{ . 3fOt] JolStax] f]; ePsf] 5 eg] p;nfO{ sl[ td Zjf;k|Zjf;
lbgk' 5{ . p;nfO{ xf;] df cfPkl5 dgtftf] emf]n h:t} kfgL, lrof, skmL
cflb v'jfpgk' 5{ . g/d tyf ;kmf ?dfn kfgLdf lehfP/ s/]G6 nfu]sf
7fpFdf ;S] g] ug'k{ 5{ . la/fdLsf] cj:yf x/] /] t'?Gt} :j:y s]Gb| jf c:ktfn
n}hfg'k5{ ;/ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 55
lzIfs M l7s eGg'eof] . wGojfb 5 tkfO{FnfO{ . n s;n} fO{ s/G] 6 nfus] f]
cj:yfdf o;/L g} k|fyflds pkrf/ ug{' / ug{ nufpg' x} .
ljBfyL{x¿M x;\ ;/ xfdL To;} ug{] 5f}F .
lj|mofsnfk !=!
s/]G6 nfUgaf6 aRg] pkfox¿sf] ;r" L agfO{ cfkmg\ f] 3/ / sIffsf]7fsf] leQfdf
6f:“ gx' f];\ .
$=% ;8s b3' 6{ gfaf6 ;/' lIft /xg] pkfo (Safety measures ofroad accidents)
cg' / 6«flkms kx| /Llarsf] ;j+ fb k9f}“ / l;sf}“ M
cg' M gd:t] ;/, d xh/' ;uF ;8s b3' 6{ gf;DaGwL hfgsf/L lng cfPsL xF' .
6«flkms kx| /L M gd:t] ;8s b3' {6gf;DaGwL tkfOF{sf s] s] lh¡ff;f 5g\ < eGg'xf];\
g t cg' alxgL .
cg' M ;8s b'3{6gf eg]sf] s] xf] < klxn] o;af/] atfOlbgx' f];\ g ;/ .
6f« lkms kx| /L M df]6/, uf8L u'8\g] af6fdf xg' ] b'3{6gfnfO{ ;8s b3' 6{ gf elgG5 .
cg' M ;8s b'3{6gf lsg x'G5 t ;/ <
6«flkms k|x/L M nfuk' bfy{ jf dlb/f ;]jg u/]/ uf8L rnfpbF f, af6fdf lx8F \g] JolSt
nfk/jfxL tl/sfn] lxF8b\ f jf af6f] sf6\bf, b'3{6gf x'g] u5{ . slxn]
sfxLF ;jf/L rfns ofqfdf yfs]/ / lgb|fdf ;jf/L rnfpFbf klg
b3' 6{ gf x'G5 .
cg' M ;/, o:tf b3' 6{ gfaf6 aRg s:tf s:tf pkfox¿ ckgfpgk' 5{ xfn] f <
6f« lkms k|x/L M ;8sdf lxF8b\ f /ftf] atLdf /fl] sg], kx]Fnf] atLdf ;fjwfgLk"j{s
kv{g] / xl/of] atLdf dfq} af6f] sf6\g] ug'k{ 5{ .
cg' M o:tf lgodx¿ kfngf u/k] l5 ;8s b3' 6{ gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 t ;/ <
6«flkms k|x/L M cGo pkfox¿ klg 5g\ lg . xfdLn] ;8s kf/ ubf{ hlxn] ;'s}
ha] f| j|ml;ªaf6 jf cfsf;] k'naf6 dfq} kf/ ugk{' 5{ . ;8s ofqLx¿
56 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
;8ssf] k]6Laf6 dfq} lxF8\g'k5{ . a;df r9\bf / cf]n{Fbf a;
/fl] s;sk] l5 dfq} r9g\ ] tyf cfl] ng{ ] ugk{' 5{ .
cg' M ;8sdf kfngf ug'{ kg{] lgod klg w]/} /x5] g lg x} ;/ <
6«flkms kx| /L M xfdL;an} ] o:tf lgod kfng u/d] f ;8s b3' 6{ gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .
cg ' M ;jf/L rfnsn] kfngf ug'k{ g]{ lgodaf/] klg s]xL atfOlbgx' f;] \ g
;/ <
6«flkms kx| /L M ;jf/L rfnsn] tfl] sPsf 7fpdF f dfq} ;jf/L /fS] g'k5{ . ;jf/L
rnfO/xs] f] an] f dWokfgsf] ug{' xbF' g} . rfnsx¿n] xtf/ / kl| t:kwf{
u/]/ ;jf/L rnfpg xb'F g} .
cg ' M ;8s b3' 6{ gf / o;af6 aRg] pkfox¿ l;sfOlbg' ePsfd] f xh/'
nfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfb .
6f« lkms k|x/L M ;8sdf kfngf ug'{kg]{ lgodx¿ Wofg lbP/ ;g' s] f]df tkfO{FnfO{
klg wGojfb .
cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf dWo] pko'St ljsNkdf l7s lrx\g nufpgx' f];\ M
-s_ bl" ift xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]u xf] .
-c_ Pr=cfOeL÷P8; -cf_ 9p] nf
-O_ x]kf6fOl6; …aLÚ -O_{ kvfnf
-v_ ;ª\jm| ldt ;O' { jf /utsf] k|of]uaf6 ;g{] /f]u xf] <
-c_ Ifo/fu] -cf_ nx/v] f]sL
-O_ x]kf6fOl6; …aLÚ -O_{ xh} f
-u_ s'g /fu] ;Fu} a:bf / ;Fu} vfgfvfbF f ;bg}{ <
-c_ n'tf ] -cf_ nx/v] fs] L
-O_ x}hf -O{_ Pr=cfOeL÷P8;\
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 57
-3_ kf| ylds pkrf/sf] afs;df s] xFb' }g <
-c_ ydf{]ld6/ -cf_ ;fag'
-O_ AofG8h] -O_{ PlG6afof]l6s cf}ifwL
-ª_ sg' /ªsf] alQ aln/xFbf xfl] ;of/Lkj" {s af6f] sf6\gk' 5{ <
-c_ xl/of] -cf_ kxFn] f]
-O_ /ftf] -O_{ ;]tf]
@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ Ifo/fu] sf nIf0fx¿ tyf /fs] yfdsf pkfox¿ n]Vgx' f];\ .
-v_ ;ª\jm| ldt ;O' ÷{ /utaf6 ;g]{ /fu] sf nIf0f / /fs] yfdx¿sf pkfox¿sf]
;"rL tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .
-u_ PrcfO{eL÷P8; s;/L ;5{ < o;af6 hfl] ug] pkofx¿ k|:t't ug'{xf;] \ .
-3_ 6lG;n / ˆof/D] hfOl6; /fu] sf] /fs] yfd s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 To;sf pkfox¿
pNn]v ug{x' f];\ .
-ª_ kf| ylds pkrf/ eg]sf] s] xf] < s/]G6 nfUbf s] s;/L k|fylds pkrf/
ug'{k5{, pkrf/ tl/sf pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
-r_ ;8s b3' 6{ gfaf6 hf]lug] pkfox¿ aF+'bfut ¿kdf k:| t't ug'x{ f;] \ .
-5_ kf| ylds pkrf/ afs;df sg' s'g ;fdUfL| x¿ /flvPsf xG' 5g\ < tL
;dfu|Lsf] gfd / sfo{ pNnv] u/L tflnsf tof/ kfg'x{ f;] \ .
-h_ ;k{sf] 6fs] fOdf ul/g] kf| ylds pkrf/sf tl/sfx¿ nV] g'xf];\ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
glhss} f] :jf:Yo ;:+ yfdf hfgx' f;] \ . ToxfF kf| ylds pkrf/sf] afs;df /xs] f ;fduL| x¿
x]/L ;f]xLcg;' f/sf] afs; tof/ ug{x' f];\ / ljBfnosf] kf| ylds pkrf/ sIfdf /
fVg'xf;] \ .
58 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
of}lgs tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo %PsfO
(Sexual and reproductive health)
-s_ nª} l\ us klxrfg / ofl} gs cled'vLs/0fsf] kl/ro (Introduction
to gender identity and sexual orientation)
ofg} k|fs[lts tyf hl} js klxrfg xf] . o; zAbn] h}ljs u0' fx¿ ;/+ rgf, k|ljm| of
/ cfg'jf+lzsnfO{ hgfp5F . JolSt hGdbF f zf/Ll/s ¿kdf h:tf] x'G5 Tof] g} of}g
xf] . o;n] JolStnfO{ cfkm" dlxnf, k?' if, cGt/lnªu\ L tyf of}g cNk;ª\Vos eGg]
kl/ro lbG5 . of] ckl/jt{gzLn xG' 5 . zf/Ll/s agfj6, pTkfbg xg' ] xdf]{g, b]vfkg{]
kl/jtg{ x¿, dlxnfsf] l8Da lgisf;g x'g' tyf k?' ifsf] z'jm| sL6 pTkfbg xg' ' /
;Gtfg pTkfbg ug{' h:tf u0' f kf| s[lts xg' \ . oL ;a} ljzi] ftfx¿ of}gleq k5g{ \ .
%=!=@ ofl} gstf (Sexuality)
ofg} , ofl} gs klxrfg, el" dsf / k|hgg h:tf ljifox¿sf] PsLs[t ¿k of}lgstf xf] .
o;leq zf/Ll/s agfj6, nª} l\ ustf, n}ªl\ us klxrfg / of}lgs kl/ro, ofg} :jf:Yo,
ofg} clwsf/ h:tf kIfx¿ k5{g\ . o;n] of}g;DaGwL d"No / dfGotf, cleJolSt /
Joj:yfkg cflb s'/fx¿sf] ;du| ¿knfO{ ae' mfp5F . dfof, kd]| hLjgkl| tsf] ljrf/,
;DaGw / JolStkl| tsf] Jojxf/ klg ofl} gstf xf] . ofl} gstf lgtfGt JolStut cge' l" t
/ cleJolSt xf] . of}lgstfsf] cleJolSt km/s 9ªu\ n] x'g] u5{ . dflg;sf] of}lgstf
JolStlkR5] km/s xG' 5 .
o;df JolStn] of}gsf af/]df ;dfg of}g / ljk/Lt of}gkl| t s:tf] Jojxf/ u5{g\
eGg] s/' f ;dl] 6Psf] x'G5 . dflg;sf] ofl} gstfnfO{ ;+:sl[ t, hflt, wd{, cfly{s
tyf ;fdflhs cj:yf, zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ofg} klxrfg cflb s'/fx¿n] k|efj kf/s] f]
xG' 5 . of}lgstfsf] cleJolSt JolStsf] of}g klxrfgdf klg lge/{ u5{ . of}g klxrfg
eGgfn] JolStn] b]vfpg] of}g Jojxf/ / ;DaGwx¿ x'g\ . ofl} gstf xfd|f] hLjgsfnel/
g} /lx/xG5 .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 59
of}g klxrfgsf cfwf/df JolStx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ tLg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M
-s_ ljk/Lt ofl} gs ;d"x (Heterosexuals)
dlxnf / k'?if Pscsf;{ uF ofl} gs¿kn] cfslif{t x'g] JolStx¿ o; ;dx" df k5{g\ .
-v_ ;dof}lgs ;d"x (Homosexuals)
dlxnf dlxnflar jf k?' if k?' iflar of}lgs ¿kn] cfslif{t x'g] JolStx¿ o; ;dx" df
k5{g\ . k?' if ;dlnªu\ LnfO{ u] / dlxnf ;dlnª\uLnfO{ n]l:aog klg elgG5 .
-u_ låof}lgs (Bisexuals)
sfx] L dflg; ljk/Lt ofg} sf ;fy} ;dofg} ;uF klg ofl} gs ¿kn] cfslift{ xg' ] JolStx¿
o; ;dx" df k5{g\ .
of}lgs kl/ro JolStsf] klxrfg, cl:tTj / dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifo xf] . ljk/Lt
ofl} gseGbf leGg of}lgs kl/ro ePsf JolStnfO{ ;du|df ofl} gs cNk;ª\Vos
elgG5 . o;nfO{ Pnlhlal6cfO{ (LGBTI) klg elgG5 . o;sf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro
o;k|sf/ 5 .
-c_ :qL ;dof}lgs (Lesbian)
sg' } klg :qLx¿ :qLk|lt dfq} ofl} gs Jojxf/sf nflu zf/Ll/s / efjgfTds ¿kdf
cfslif{t x'lG5g\ eg] ltgnfO{ :qL ;dof}lgs elgG5 .
-cf_ k?' if ;dofl} gs (Gay)
sg' } k?' if k'?if;uF } ofl} gstfsf lx;fan] zf/Ll/s / efjgfTds ¿kdf cfslift{ x'G5g\
eg] To:tf] JolStnfO{ k'?if ;dof}lgs elgG5 .
-O_ låof}lgs (B-Bisexual)
zf/Ll/s / efjgfTds ¿kdf bj' } ks| f/sf ofg} ;uF ofl} gs cfgGb ug,{ efjgf ;f6f;f6
ug{ cfslif{t x'g] JolStnfO{ låof}lgs elgG5 .
-O{_ kf/lnª\uL (Transexual)
of] ;d"xsf JolStx¿ zf/Ll/s jf hGdFbf dlxnf jf k'?if eP tfklg cfˆgf]
60 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
zf/Ll/s ofg} eGbf ljk/Lt ofl} gs Jojxf/ u5g{ \ h:t} M zf/Ll/s ¿kdf dlxnf eP k?' if
h:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ / k'?ifsf] h:tf] klx/g nufpg,] k'?ifsf] h:tf] zª[ \uf/ ug]{ u5g{ \ .
zf/Ll/s ¿kdf k?' if eP dlxnf h:tf] Jojxf/ ug{] / dlxnfsf] klx/g nufpg],
dlxnfsf] h:tf] zª[ \uf/ ug]{ u5g{ \ .
-p_ cGt/of}lgs (Intersexual)
csf]{ zAbdf k|fs[lts ¿kdf g} k?' if / dlxnfsf] klxrfg ug{ ufxf| ] cj:yfdf /xs] f
JolStnfO{ cGt/ofl} gs elgG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu dflg; hGdFbfv]/L k?' if / dlxnf
bj' }sf] hgg]lGb|o cyft{ \ lnªu\ , c08sf]if, ofl] g / kf73] /;lxt hGd]sf] 5 eg] o;nfO{
cGt/of}lgs elgG5 .
%=!=# of}lgstf lzIff (Sexuality Education)
leGg ofl} gs kl/ro ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ klg cGo JolSt;/x ;Ddfg ugk'{ 5{ .
ofl} gs kl/ro dfgjclwsf/s} Ps cz+ xf] . To;n} ] ;a} ks| f/sf ofl} gs kl/ro ePsf
JolStx¿sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ . ofl} gstf;DaGwL 1fg, clejl[ Q / Jojxf/
df ;s/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg] kl| jm| ofnfO{ …of}lgstf lzIffÚ elgG5 . o;n] JolStsf]
of}lgstfnfO{ s;/L JoSt ug]{, of}lgstfcg';f/ s;/L lhDdj] f/Lk0" f{ Jojxf/ ug]{
eGg] s/' f l;sfpF5 . o:tf] ljifok|lt lszf]/lszf/] L lh1f;' / pT;flxt klg x'G5g\ .
pgLx¿sf] lh1f;f / pT;fxnfO{ cleefjs jf lzIfsn] a'e]m/ ;dfwfg ul/lbPdf
pgLx¿n] unt af6f] cFufNgaf6 aRg ;S5g\ . 3/df cfdfaa' fn,] ljBfnodf lzIfsn]
/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf :jf:YosdLn{ ] uf]Ko ¿kdf ofg} / cGo ljljw kIf;Fu ;DalGwt
k/fdz{ / ;Nnfx lbg ;S5g\ . l7s ;dodf lszf/] tyf lszf/] Lx¿n] of}g /
ofl} gstfaf/] l;Sg kfpgk' 5{ . o;f] ePdf :j:y of}g cfr/0f ckgfP/ cfkm" tyf
c¿nfO{ klg :j:y eO{ lhpg dbt k'U5 .
o;df dfgj kh| gg k0| ffnL, ofl} gs Jojxf/sf hl} js, ;f:+ s[lts / hftLo kIf tyf
dlxnf / k'?ifsf jo} lSts wf/0ffsf af/d] f lzIff lbOG5 . o;af6 JolSt, kl/jf/
tyf ;dfhnfO{ ofl} gstf;DaGwL ;jfn tyf sfo{sf nflu hfgsf/L k|fKt eO{ :j:y
of}g hLjgofkgdf ;xof]u k'U5 . o;/L ofl} gs Jojxf/nfO{ ;sf/fTds wf/tk{m
pTkl|] /t u/fpg / ofl} gstf;DaGwL unt wf/0ff / gsf/fTds efjgf lg/fs/0f u/L
:j:y ofl} gs cfr/0f / ;/' lIft ofg} hLjgsf nflu ofl} gs lzIff cfjZos 5 .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 61
ljm| ofsnfk !=!
tkfOs{“ f 5/l5d]sdf ePsf :jf:YosdL{ jf ofl} gs tyf k|hgg :jf:Yosf af/]df
hfgsf/ JolStnfO{ tnsf kZ| g ;fw] L To;sf cfwf/df 5f6] f] kl| tjb] g tof/ kfgx'{ f;] M\
-s_ JolStnfO{ ofl} gstf lzIff lsg cfjZos k5{ <
-v_ xfdf| ] ;dfhdf of}lgstf lzIffnfO{ s;/L x]g{] ul/Psf] 5 <
-u_ ;dfhsf lszf]/ lszf/] Lsf] of}lgstfkl| tsf] wf/0ff s:tf] 5 <
%=@ dlxgfjf/L;DaGwL e|d / cGwljZjf;n] kh| gg :jf:Yodf kfg{] c;/
(Impact of taboos and misconception regarding mensturation)
Ps hgf lzIfs b'ud{ lhNnfsf] ljßfnodf cWofkg ug'x{ G' 5 . zlgaf/sf] lbg pxfF
ufpdF f 3'Dg hfg'eof] . Ps hgf lszf]/L ;fgf] em' kf| sf] 9f]sfg/] 6fpsf] lgx¥' ofP/
al;/x]sL b]v/] pgL;Fu s]xL k|Zg ;fW] g yfNg'eof] . pxfxF ¿ larsf] ePsf] ;+jfb k9fMF}
lzIfs M gfgL ltdL lsg o:tf] em'kf| df PSn} al;/x]sL 5f} <
gfgL M ;/, dlxgfjf/L ePsfn] 3/df a:g ldNb}g eg/] cfdfn] oxfF a:g
k7fpge' Psf] lg Û
lzIfs M lsg, 3/df a:g gx'g] /] gfgL <
gfgL M dnfO{ yfxf 5}g ;/ . xfd|f] 3/sf ;ah} gf dlxgfjf/L ePkl5 oxLF cfP/
a:g] rng 5 .
-lzIfs gfg'sf] 3/ hfg'eof] / pgsL cfdf;“u e]6]/ s]xL s'/fx¿
;fW] g'eof] ._
lzIfs M gd:sf/, Tof] k/sf] emk' f| df al;/xs] L gfgLsL cfdf tkfO{F xg' x' G' 5 xf] <
cfdf M gd:sf/ ;/ . xf] ;/ d gfgLsf] cfdf x'F .
lzIfs M gfgLnfO{ ToxfFsf] uf7] df PSn} lsg /fVg'ePsf] xf]nf <
cfdf M gfgL, g5g' ] ePsfn] ToxfF /fvs] f] xf] . rfl] vPkl5 dfq} otf 3/df a:g
ldN5 ;/ .
62 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
lzIfs M lsg, To:tf] < Jojxf/ t ug{'xF'b}g lg <
cfdf M g5'g] ePsf] a]nfdf 3/df a;]df 3/sf b]ptf l/;fpF5g\ . gfgf
y/Lsf /f]ux¿, cfkt\ljkt\ cfOk5{g\ . 3/ klg rfv] f] x'Fbg} ;/ . xfdf| ]
rngcg';f/ efG5fsf7] fdf l5gx'{ F'bg} . o:tf] an] f xfdL k"hf ug]{ 7fpdF f,
d7dlGb/df klg hfg' x'Fb}g . k"hfsf ;fduL| x¿ 5g' ' x'bF g} . g5'g] ePsf]
kfFr lbgkl5 gx' fO ;s]kl5 dfq rfl] vG5 . To;kl5 dfq 3/df cfpg
kfOg] rng 5 .
lzIfs M o:tf rng t :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s 5 lg .
cfdf M xfdf| ] k/Dk/fcg';f/ rNb} cfPsf] s/' f xf] ;/ .
lzIfs M gfgLn] vfgf vfg s] ug]{ t <
cfdf M dn} ] Pp6f 5'66\ } yfndf vfgf ToxLF nlulbG5' . p;n] ToxLF vfg'k5{ .
aflx/ lgl:sg' xb'F }g . 3'dlkm/ ug{'xFb' }g / :s'n klg hfg'x'Fbg} .
-oL ;a} s/' fx¿ ;g' ]kl5 lzIfsn] Toxf“ jl/kl/ /xs] f dlxnfx¿nfO{ en] f
u/L To:tf cGwljZjf;af6 kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/x¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L
lbg'eof] ._
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 63
lzIfs M n, tkfOF{x¿ ;a} hgf d/] f] s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;G' g'xf];\ x} t M
dlxgfjf/L ePsf a]nfdf dlxnfx¿sf] k|hgg cª\uaf6 /ut
alu/x]sf] xG' 5 . o:tf] a]nfdf cfjZostfcg;' f/ gg'xfPdf kh| gg
cªu\ ;ª\jm| ldt x'g hfG5 . nu' fx¿ gwf]Pdf b'u{lGwt xG' 5g\ . t;y{
kof{Kt dfqfdf ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbgk' 5{ . o:tf] a]nf k|z:t dfqfdf
xl/of] t/sf/L, ;fukft, kmnk"mn b'w, bxL h:tf kf]l;nf] vfg]s'/
fx¿ klg vfg lbgk' 5{ . /ut w]/} aud] f z/L/ sdhf/] xg' ] / /St
cNktf (anemia) h:tf /fu] nfUg ;S5g\ . Tolt dfq} sxfF xf] / <
lszf/] Lx¿nfO{ cWF of/f] sf]7fdf y'g/] /fVbf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s kL8f
x'G5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg ks| f/sf b3' 6{ gfx¿ x'g ;S5g\ .
dlxnfx¿ M cf]xf] . ;fRF r} xf] / ;/ <
lzIfs M xf] lg Û n ca tkfO{Fx¿ o:tf cGwljZjf;sf] kfngf gu/L :jf:Yos/
Jojxf/ ckgfO{ ;'/lIft /xg'xf]nf . dlxgfjf/L t Pp6f :jfefljs
zf/Ll/s / kf| sl[ ts k|lj|mof xf] . of] a]nfdf 5j' f5t' tyf e]befj ug'k{ g{]
sg' } klg lsl;dsf j}1flgs tyf ;fdflhs cfwf/ 5g} gl\ g .
dlxnfx¿ M xfdL ;a} hgfn] xh/' sf] s'/f /fdf| ];Fu a‰' ofF} . ca xfdL tkfOFn{ ] eg]
h:t} dlxgfjf/L ePsf an] f :jf:Yos/ Jojxf/x¿sf] kfngf u5f{ F} . ;fy}
dxŒjk0" f{ hfgsf/L lbg'ePsfdf oxfFnfO{ w/] } w]/} wGojfb .
lzIfs M d/] f] s/' fx¿nfO{ ;s/fTds ¿kdf lnge' Psfdf tkfOx{F ¿ ;a} hgfnfO{
wGojfb .
ljm| ofsnfk !=@
5nkmn ugx'{ f];\ .
!= ;+jfbdf dlxgfjf/L ;DaGwdf s] s:tf cGwljZjf;x¿ /xs] f] kfpge' of] <
@= dlxgfjf/L ;DjGwL cGwljZjf;n] kfg]{ gsf/fTds c;/x¿ s] s] /x5] g\<
#= s] tkfOs“{ f] 3/ tyf ;d'bfodf klg o:tf cGwljZjf;x¿ 5g\ t < olb 5g\
eg] To;sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] xf]nfg\ <
$= To:tf cGwljZjf;x¿ x6fpg s] ug'k{ nf{ <
64 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
%=# ofg} bJ' ox{ f/ / ;'/lIft /xg] pkfo (Sexual abuse and ways to
keep safe)
zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s tyf of}lgs ¿kdf pQ]hgf, k|efj jf bafa lbg] vfnsf
ultljlwx¿nfO{ ofg} bJ' oj{ xf/sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 .unt dg;fon] csf{] JolStsf] kh| gg
cªu\ jf ;+jb] gzLn cªu\ x¿ 5g' ,] cfkm\gf] cªu\ b]vfpg] sfox{ ¿ of}g bJ' oj{ xf/ xg' \ .
s;n} ] cZnLn tl:a/ bv] fpg], cZnLn zAbsf] k|ofu] ug,]{ kn| f]egdf kfg,{] ;fdflhs
;hfnsf] b'?kofu] ug{] h:tf of}g bJ' ox{ f/ xfdf| ] ;dfhdf hfgL jf ghfgL eO/xs] f
5g\ . oxfF Pp6f ljBfnosL gfgL cfkm" 5 sIffdf k9b\ } ubf{ ePsf ofg} bJ' oj{ xf/;DaGwL
sxfgL ;'gfpFb} l5g\ . pgsf] sxfgL k9f}F / ;rt] agf}FM
d 5 sIffdf cWoog ub}{ lyPF . Ps hgf lzIfsn] dnfO{ c;fWo} dfof
ugx'{ 'GYof] . d pxfnF fO{ lzIfssf] ¿kdf Psbd} ;Ddfg uy]{F . pxfFn] sg' } klg
kZ| g ;fW] gk' ¥of] eg] ;a}eGbf klxn] dnfO{ ;f]Wgx' G' Yof] . d ux[ sfo{bv] fpg hfFbf
dfof u//] cfk"m glhs} tfGg' xG' Yof] . slxns] fxLF lrdf6] g\ ] / 5g' ;] dt] ugx{' G' Yof] .
dnfO{ an] f a]nfdf rsn6] / vfhf vfg] k;} f klg lbg'x'GYof] .
pxfFn] dnfO{ k9\g] an] fdf nfh dfGg' xbF' }g eGgx' G' Yof] . o;/L g} ;do laTb} uof]
/ d sIff 5 k/" f u/]/ ;ft sIffdf k'uF] . ;ft sIffdf :jf:Yo lzIff k9fpg]
lzIfsn] Ps lbg ofg} bJ' ox{ f/sf] ;DaGwdf k9fpge' of] . oltan] f dnfO{ cfkmn" fO{
of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf] yfxf kfPF . 5 sIffdf dnfO{ dfof ug]{ ;/n] ofg} bJ' oj{ xf/
kf] ug{'ePsf] /x5] . dn} ] k|wfgfWoks / cleefjsx¿nfO{ tL ;a} s/' fx¿
;'gfPF . kw| fgfWofksn] / cleefjsx¿n] pxfnF fO{o:tf ljm| ofsnfkx¿ gug{
;r]t u/fpg'eof] . ;fy} k|wfgfWofksn] ;a} sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ /
lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;dt] ;f] ;DaGwdf ;rt] u/fpge' of] .
ljm| ofsnfk !=#
5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ M
-s_ sIff 5 df k9\g] tL ljBfyLd{ fly s] s:tf ofg} bJ' o{xf/ ePsf /x]5g\ <
-v_ o:tf ofg} b'Jo{jxf/af6 hfl] ug s] s] ko| f;x¿ ug'k{ bf{/] x5] <
-u_ s] tkfOn{“ ] s;n} fO{ o:tf ofg} b'Joj{ xf/x¿ ePsf] yfxf kfpge' Psf] 5 <
olb yfxf kfpge' Psf] 5 eg] To:tf ;d:ofx¿ kbf{ s] s] uge{' Psf] lyof] <
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 65
%=#=! ;/' lIft of}lgs Jojxf/ (Safe sexual behaviour)
lszf/] fj:yfdf ljleGg xdfg]{ x¿sf] pTkfbg / ofg} fªu\ x¿sf] tLj| ultdf ljsf; ePsf]
xG' 5 . o; cj:yfdf xg' ] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / ;j+ u] fTds ljsf; ;uF ;uF } ofg} rfxgfdf
klg jl[ 4 x'g' ;fdfGo kl| sof xf] . o:tf ofg} ;DaGwL rfxgf / lj|mofsnfkx¿nfO{
cfTd;o+ d eO{ Jojl:yt ¿kn] ul/g] of}g Jojxf/nfO{ ;/' lIft of}g Jojxf/ elgG5 .
;'/lIft of}g Jojxf/n] JolStsf] JolStTj ljsf; tyf :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs k|lti7fdf
dxŒjk0" f{ e"ldsf lgsfx{ u/]sf] x'G5 . ;'/lIft of}g Jojxf/ ug]{ JolStx¿ PrcfOeL
P8\;, x]k6fOl6;, ufg] fl] /of nufotsf ofg} ;ª\lj|mdt /f]uaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .
lj|mofsnfk !=!
cfk"mdf cfPsf lszf]/fj:yfsf kl/jtg{ sf] ;"rL tof/ kfl/Psf] cj:yfdf lszf]/
tyf lszf]/Ln] 7'nfx¿af6 kfpg'kg]{ ;xof]u of ckI] ffsf] klg ;r" L agfO{ sIff
lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpg'xf;] \ .
-s_ ;/' lIft of}lgs Jojxf/sf pkfox¿
-c_ ;o+ dtf / cfk;L ;dembf/L
lszf/] Lsf] OR5f, rfxgf / cfjZostf dn] gvfFbf c;dembf/L pTkGg xg' ;S5 .
logs} sf/0f lszf/] lszf]/L rf8F } l/;fpg] / emfl] Ssg] u5g{ \ . sltkon] t c;fdflhs
sfo{ klg u5{g\ . o:tf Jojxf/nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ cleefjs, lzIfs / ;d'bfosf
dflg;n] lszf]/lszf]/Lsf efjgf cfjZostf jf ;d:of a'emL To;c} g;' f/ Joj:yfkg
ug{ ;3fp kU' g] lj|mofsnfk ul/lbgk' 5{ .
-cf_ l;h{gfTds sfod{ f ;xeflutf
lszf/] lszf/] LnfO{ ljleGg el" dsf lbO{ l;hg{ fTds sfod{ f nufpgk' 5{ . l;kdn" s sfo,{
;ª\uLt, lrqsnf, v]ns'b, g[To, ;flxTo nv] g tyf cWoog h:tf l;hg{ fTds sfo{n]
c;Gtl' ntkg / pRr ;j+ u] lgoGq0f xG' 5 . l;hg{ fTds ljm| ofsnfksf] ;n+ Ugtfn] unt
ljm| ofsnfk ;f]Rg / c;fdflhs Jojxf/ ug{ ;do g} kU' b}g . ljleGg l;hg{ fTds
ljm| ofsnfkdf nfUbf lhDdj] f/L afw] xg' ,] kl| tef k:| km' 6g xg' ] tyf Jojxf/df kl/kSjtf
cfpg] ePsfn] o;af6 lszf/] fj:yfsf ;d:ofdf klg sdL cfpF5 .
66 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
-O_ ;'/lIft ofl} gs Jojxf/sf nflu ;Nnfx
;/' lIft of}lgs Jojxf/ eGgf]n] of}g ;o+ dtf ckgfpg,] x:td}y'g ug]{ / of}g ;Dks{
ubf{ sG8dsf] ko| fu] ug]{ s'/f k5{g\ . ofg} rfxgf xFb' f l9nfO ug{], cGo l;h{gfTds
sfod{ f ;+nUg x'g] h:tf lj|mofsnfkaf6 ;+odtf ckgfpg ;lsG5 . oj' fdq} L ofl} gs
tyf kh| gg :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fP/ klg lszf]/fj:yfsf ;d:of Joj:yfkg ug{
;lsG5 .
-O{_ ofl} gstf lzIff kb| fg
of}lgtf lzIff of}g;DaGwL ljifo j:t'sf] hfgsf/L lbg, of}g k|;fl/t /f]uaf6
;rt] u/fpg / ofg} Jojxf/ / cfr/0f l;sfpg k|bfg ul/G5 . o;n] l;sf?nfO{
hl} js, ;f:+ sl[ ts tyf dfgj of}lgstfsf gl} ts cfofdx¿sf af/]df ;xL 1fg kb| fg
u5{ . o;n] dfgj z/L/sf] ljsf;fTds cj:yfdf ljsf; xg' ] ofl} gs OR5f tyf
Jojxf/;DaGwL cge' j k|bfg u5{ . o;n] k|hgg k0| ffnL, :j:y of}lgs Jojxf/, of}g
ljs[lt tyf To;sf bi' kl/0ffd tyf PrcfOeL / P8;\ , lel/ª\uL h:tf ofg} k;| fl/t
/f]ux¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbG5 .
%=$ lszf/] lszf/] L dq} L ofl} gstf tyf kh| gg :jf:y ;j] f
lszf/] lszf]/Lx¿sf] dfu / cfjZostf s]lGbt| ofl} gs tyf kh| gg :jf:y;DaGwL
;j] f, ;nfx / k/fdz{ g} lszf/] lszf/] Ld}qL of}lgs tyf k|hgg :jf:y ;j] f xf] .
of] ;]jf glhs}sf :jf:Yo s]Gb,| ;rf/ dfWod, ;fdflhs ;~hfn, ja] ;fO6, ;r]
tgfd"ns sfo{j|md cflbdfkm{t lbg ;lsG5 . o; cj:yfdf pgLx¿sf] cfjZostfsf]
;Djfw] g ug{ / ;d:ofsf] ;dwfg ug{ klg of] ;j] f cfjZos x'G5 . cfk"m / cfˆgf]
zf/Ll/s kl/jtg{ kl| t ;sf/fTds ;fr] agfpg / lhDdj] f/k0" f{ aGg tyf ;xL lg0fo{ ug]{
Ifdtf clejl[ 4 ug{ ;/;Nnfx / k/fdz{ ;]jf cfjZos k5{ . k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{
lgDg lnlvt a'bF fsf cfwf/df o;sf cfjZostfx¿ k'li6 ug{ ;lsG5 M
-s_ ofl} gs tyf kh| gg :jf:Yokl| tsf] unt wf/0ffnfO{ ;xL lbzftkm{ pGdv' u/fpg
-v_ lszf/] lszf/] Ldf ;/' lIft ofl} gs Jojxf/sf] ljsf; ug{ dfu{bzg{ ug{
-u_ ofg} / of}lgstf;DaGwL lh1f;f d]6fpg / of}lgstf;DaGwL hLjgfk] of]uL l;k
l;Sg / l;sfpg
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 67
-3_ ofl} gs tyf kh| gg :jf:Yo;DaGwL hl6ntf / ;d:of h:t} clglR5t uew{ f/0f,
pd]/ gk'Ub}sf] ue{wf/0f, ue{ktg cflbsf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg
-ª_ of}g k|;fl/t ;ª\j|md0f / PrcfOeL P8\;, x]kf6fOl6; tyf k|hgg gnL
;ªj\ |md0f h:tf of}ghGo ;d:ofaf6 aRg / arfpg
-r_ cfsl:ds ue{ lg/f]wsf ;fwg / kl/jf/ lgofh] gsf ;fwgsf] plrt ko| fu] df
dbt ug{
cEof;
!= vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ of}lgstfn] =======;DaGwL dN" o / dfGotf, cleJolSt, Joj:yfkg cflb
s'/fx¿sf] ;dut| fnfO{ hgfp5F .
-v_ dlxnf / k?' iflar of}g ;DaGw sfod ug{] JolStx¿ ==============of}g
klxrfg ePsf JolSt xg' \ .
-u_ ;/' lIft of}lgs Jojxf/n] =========/ k|f0f3fts /f]uaf6 arfp5F .
-3_ lszf/] fj:yfdf cfpg] ;d:ofsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ lszf/] lszf/] LnfO{ ljleGg
e"ldsf lbO{ l;h{gfTds sfo{df nufpg'k5{ .
-ª_ ofl} gstf lzIffn=] ============;DaGwL ljifoj:ts' f] hfgsf/L, ;s/fTds of}
g Jojxf/ / cfr/0f l;sfpg dbt u5{ .
-r_ lszf/] dq} L ofl} gs tyf kh| gg ==========lszf/] fj:yfsf ;d:of Joj:yfkg
/ ;dwfg ug{ ;xof]u u5{ .
-5_ ofl} gstf;DaGwL 1fg / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg] ===========================
of}lgstf lzIff xf] .
@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ leGg leGg nª} l\ us klxrfg ePsf JolStnfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ugk{' 5{ lsg <
68 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
-v_ of}lgs cled'vLs/0f eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < of}lgs cled'vLs/0fsf]
hfgsf/L lsg cfjZos 5 < cfk\mgf] ljrf/ n]Vgx' f];\ .
-u_ tkfOF{sf] ;dfhdf dlxgfjf/L;DaGwL s] s:tf ed| / cGwljZjf;x¿
5g\ < o;n] k|hgg :jf:Yodf kfg{] c;/x¿ pNn]v ugx'{ f;] \ .
-3_ ;'/lIft of}lgs Jojxf/ eGgfn] s] al' emG5 < lsg lszf]/x¿n] ;/' lIft
ofl} gs Jojxf/ ckgfpgk' 5,{ n]Vg'xf];\ .
-ª_ lszf]/d}qL of}lgs tyf k|hgg :jf:y ;]jf eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf]
cfjZostf dfly k|sfz kfg'x{ f];\ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
tkfOs“{ f] 5/l5ds] sf bz hgf lszf/] lszf/] LnfO{ e6] /] lszf/] fj:yfdf :j:ys/ ;DaGw
sfod ug{ b]vf k/]sf ;d:ofx¿ / ckgfPsf pkfox¿;DaGwL ;f]wk'5 u/L tnsf]
tflnsf eg{'xf;] \ M
lszf/] lszf]/Lsf dV' o ;d:ofx¿ Joj:yfkgsf pkfo
!= !=
@= @=
#= #=
$= $=
%= %=
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 69
Zf/Ll/s s;/t / sjfh ^PsfO
(Physical Exercise and Drill)
^=! Zff/Ll/s s;/t (Physical exercise)
k|To]s JolSt :j:y / tGb?' :t /xgk' 5{ . z/L/ :j:y / tGb?' :t xg' sf nflu sfi] f,
tGt', cªu\ / k|0ffnLx¿ Kflg :j:y / tGb'?:t xg' k' 5{ . dfgj z/L/nfO{ :j:y /
tGb?' :t agfpgsf nflu ul/g] ljleGg lsl;dsf zf/Ll/s ljm| ofsnfkx¿nfO{ s;/t
elgG5 . zf/Ll/s s;/tnfO{ Jofofd klg elgG5 . lgoldt zf/Ll/s s;/t ugfn{ ]
efs] nfUg,] vfgf kRg], z/L/ km'lt{nf] x'g] xG' 5 . o;af6 JolStsf] zf/Ll/s j[l4,
dfgl;s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df klg dbt k'Ub5 .
-s_ kt} fnf / ufn] Luf7“ fsf] s;/t ( Exercise feet and ankle)
s'g} klg v]ns'bsf l;k l;Sg / k|b{zg ug{'eGbf
cufl8 uf]8fsf] k}tfnf / uf]nLufF7fsf] /fd|f];Fu s;/t
ug{'k5{ . o;k|sf/sf] s;/t ug{sf nflu k}tfnfn]
dfq 6]sL Ps} 7fpFdf s]xL ;do pleg jf plk|mg
;lsG5 . o;sf] ;fy} a;]/ jf ;'t]/ klg k}tfnf /
uf]nLufF7fsf] s;/t ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L s;/t ubf{ k}tfnf / uf]nLufF7fsf
df;+ kz] L, hf]gL{ / xf8x¿nfO{ :j:y / alnof] /fVg ;lsG5 .
70 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
lj|mofsnfk ^=!
;jk{ |yd sx] L ;do /fdf| ];Fu hluª ugx{' f];\ . s]xL ;fdfGo ks| f/sf z/L/ ttfpg]
lj|mofsnfkx¿ ug'{xf];\ . To;kl5 rp/ jf Dof6df v'6\6f k;f/]/ pQfgf] eO{
;T' gx' f;] \ . lrqdf bv] fP h:t} u/L ;ªu\ Lt / uGtLsf cfwf/df Ps eGbf kt} fnfnfO{
hlt;Sbf] 3F'8f ePlt/ Nofpg], bO' { eGbf ;dfGo cj:yfdf Nofpg], tLgeGbf ;s;] Dd
k5fl8 n}hfg] / rf/ eGbf ;dfGo cj:yfdf Nofpg'xf];\ . o;}u/L kfFr eGbf bfofF
nh} fg], 5 eGbf klxn]sf] cj:yfdf Nofpg] tyf ;ft eGbf afofF / cf7 eGbf ;'?sf]
cj:yfdf Nofpgx' f;] \ .
-v_ uf8] f, 3“'8f / lt3|fsf] s;/t (Exercise of leg, knee and thigh)
uf]8f, 3'8F f / lt3f| sf df;+ k]zL, hf]gL{ / xf8nfO{ alnof] tyf nrsbf/ agfpg klg
s;/t ugk'{ 5{ . k'm6an, af:s]6an, xfOhDk, nªhDk cflb v]nx¿ l;Sge' Gbf
cufl8 uf8] f, 3'8F f / lt3|fsf] /fdf| ;] uF s;/t ug{k' 5{ .
ljm| ofsnfk ^=@
uf]8f, 3'F8f / lt3|fsf] s;/t ug{ ;j{k|yd hluª ug{'xf];\ . oL
cªu\ x¿sf] s;/t ubf{ vD' Rofpg] / tGsfpg] ugk'{ 5{ . 3'F8fnfO{ 3'dfpg'
jf a6fg{' xFb' g} . ;jk{ |yd afofF v'66\ fn] dfq 6S] b} bfofF v6' \6f la:tf/}
lkl7o'F nUg'xf];\ . lxklg/ nlu;s]kl5 bfofF xftn] aflx/lt/af6 h'Qfsf]
tg' f afFWg]lt/ ;dfpbF } la:tf/} lxklt/ tfGgx' f];\ . of] s;/t bj' } v'6\6fn]
kfn}kfnf] kfFr kfFrk6s ug{x' f;] \ .
lj|mofsnfk ^=#
;a} hgf kª\lSta4 eP/ pleg'xf];\ . lzIfssf] lgb{]zgcg';f/
bfofF v'6\6f s]xL cufl8 nu/] 38'F fdf bj' } xft /fVgx' f;] \ /
afofF v6' 6\ f l;wf kfb}{ tgSs tGsfpg'xf];\ . To:t} u/L csf]
{ k6s afofF v'6\6fnfO{ klg klxns] f] h:t} u/L kfrF kfFrk6s
of] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ 9f8 / k6] sf] s;/t (Exercise of back and stomach)
xfdLn] vfPsf] vfgf krfpg, z/L/sf ;+j]bgzLn cªu\ x¿sf] ;/' Iff ug{ / tGb'?:t /
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 71
fVg lgoldt ¿kdf 9f8 / k6] sf] s;/t ugk'{ 5{ . ljleGg lsl;dsf vn] sb' sf l;kx¿
l;Sg' / kb| zg{ ugk{' j" { klg plrt tl/sfn] 9f8 / k6] sf] s;/t ugk'{ 5{ . 9f8 / k]6sf]
s;/t ug{ lgDglnlvt ljm| ofsnfkx¿ ug{x' f;] \ M
ljm| ofsnfk ^=$
;jk{ |yd ;a} hgf kª\lSta4 eP/ pleg'xf];\ . lzIfsn] Ps eGbf
xftn] eO' Fdf 5'g,] b'O{ eGbf ;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg,] tLg eGbf
sDd/ ;dfP/cfsfzlt/ x]g{] / rf/ eGbf kg' M;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg]
ugx'{ f];\ . of] kl| j|mof kfrF k6s;Dd bfx] f]¥ofpgx' f];\ .
lj|mofsnfkM ^=%
;a} hgf kªl\ Stdf pleP/ bO' t{ Lg ldg6] hluª ugx'{ f;] \ . To;kl5
Ps csf{nfO{ xft g5'g] u/L tfFtL jf kªl\ Stdf pleg'xf;] \ . lzIfsn]
Ps uGtL ubf{ bfofF xftn] afofF uf8] f 5'g'xf];\ / afofF xft l;wf
dfly p7fpbF } xftsf cfF}nfdf x]g'x{ f];\ . b'O{ uGtL ubf{ sDd/df xft
/fvL l;wf pleg'xf];\ . tLg uGtL ubf{ afofF xftn] bfofF v6' \6f
5g' x' f;] \ . uGtL rf/df ;'?sf] cj:yfdf plegx' f;] \ . of] sfo{ tLg
rf/ k6s;Dd bfx] f¥] ofpg'xf;] \ .
lj|mofsnfk ^=^
;j{ky| d kªl\ Stdf /x]/ bO' { tLg ldg6] hlt hluª ugx'{ f];\ . To;kl5 Dof6df pQfgf]
k/]/ ;'Tgx' f];\ / lrqdf h:t} k]6sf] s;/t ug{x' f];\ . lzIfsn] Ps eGbf bfofF xftsf]
s'lxgfn] afofF uf]8fsf] 3F8' f 5g' ] / bO' { eGbf afofF xftsf] s'lxgfn] bfofF uf]8fsf] 3'8F f
5g' ] k|of; ug'x{ f];\ . o;sf] ;fy} z/L/ l;wf pQfgf] kf//] ;'Tg] / v6' 6\ fnfO{ tndfly
u/L k6] sf] s;/t ug]{ cEof; ug'{xf;] \ .
72 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
^=@ sjfh (Drill)
6fn] Lg]tfsf] cfb]zcg';f/ ;d"xdf ul/g] /
dfOnf] lj|mofsnfkg} sjfh xf] . sjfhdf
lgb]{zg, cfb]z / sfo{ x'G5 . of] uGtL jf
;ª\uLt÷8«d÷dfbnsf] tfndf 6f]nLg]tfsf]
cfb]zcg;' f/ af/Daf/ bfx] f]¥ofP/ ul/G5 .
of] ljm| ofsnfk ljBfnosf] bl} gs kf| yg{ f, vn] sb' ;df/fx] sf] pb3\ f6g / ;dfkg
sfoj{ |md tyf :sfp6sf] dfr{kf;df ul/G5 .
^=@=! uGtL / ;ª\uLtsf] tfndf sjfhsf cfbz] x¿sf] cEof; (Practice of drill
according to counts and music)
sjfhsf] lgoldt cEof;n] xfd|f] zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL] tyf dfgl;s ljsf; /
OlGb|ox¿sf] sfo{nfO{ ;Gtl' nt /fVb5 . cg'zf;g, ;xgzLntf, ;be\ fj
h:tf ;fdflhs u'0fx¿sf] ljsf;Pjd\ zflGtk0" f{ Joaxf/ k|bz{g ug{
dbt ub{5 .o;n] dgf]/~hg klg k|bfg ub{5 . ;fy} s'zntfkj" {s
sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ;d]t ljsf; ub{5 .
-s_ ;ts{ (Attention)
of] cfbz] sg' } klg sfo{ ug'{eGbf klxn] tof/L cj:yfdf /xg lbOg] cfb]
z xf] . o; cj:yfdf xfdL l;wf pleP/ b'j} v6' \6fsf] ss' {'Rrf hf8] ]/
kGhf cªu\ |h] L eL cfsf/df #) l8uL| sf] sf]0fdf /fVb5fF} . uf]8f / 5ftL
tlGsPsf] / b'j} xft sd' bl] v tn z/L/;uF 6flF ;Psf] tyf vs' n' f] d'6\7L
afwF L lxksf] aundf /fVb5f}F . o;f] ubf{ 5ftL km' sfP/, k]6 clns leq
bafpFb} dv' aGb u/L z/L/sf] jhg bj' } uf]8fdf a/fa/ kfgk'{ 5{ .
-v_ uf8] f kmf6 (Stand at ease)
of] cfb]z kfpgf;fy xfdL ;ts{ cj:yfaf6 cfˆgf] b]a|] v6' \6f !% bl] v @) ;=] ld=
dfly prfN5fF} / @% bl] v #) ;=] ld= afofF nu]/ ahf5fF}{ . bfofF / afofF xftx¿
k5fl8 nu/] afofF xftsf] dfly bfofF xft /fv/] a9' LcfFn} fx¿ Pscfk;df j|m; u/L
6fF:5f}F . z/L/ l;wf ub{} 5ftL km'nfP/ l;wf cufl8 x5] fF{} .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 73
-u_ bfoF“ kms{ (Right Turn)
o; cfbz] df uf8] f / z/L/ bfoflF t/ kmsfP{ / afofF uf]8f cufl8 NofO{ hf8] \5f}F . xfdL
of] cfbz] kfpgf;fy bfofF uf]8fsf] s'sR{' rf / afofF uf]8fsf] kGhfn] 6s] ]/ bfoflF t/
3'dfO () l8u|Lsf] sf0] fdf kmsG{ 5f}F . ;fy;fy} k5fl8sf] afofF uf]8f !% ;]=ld= dfly
prfNb} cufl8sf] uf]8fsf] s's{R' rf;Fu hf8] \g] sfo{ ub5{ fF} .
-3_ afofF kms{ (Left Turn)
o;df uf8] f / z/L/ afofFlt/ kmsf{P/ bfofsF f] uf]8f cufl8 NofO{ hf]l8G5 . xfdL of]
cfbz] kfpgf;fy afofF uf]8fsf] s'sR{' rf / bfofF uf8] fsf] kGhfn] 6]sL bfofFlt/ 3d' fO{
() l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf kmsG{ 5f}F . To;kl5 k5fl8sf] bfofF uf8] f !% ;=] ld= dfly prfNb}
cufl8sf] uf]8fsf] s's{R' rf;uF hf]8\g] sfo{ ub5{ fF} .
-ª_ k/" f kms{ (About turn)
k/" f kms{sf] cfbz] kfpgf;fy xfdL bfofF v6' \6fsf] kGhf / afofF v6' \6fsf] ss' '{Rrfn]
6S] 5f}F . bflxgt] kma{ f6 !*) l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf cfkm" kms]{sf] lbzfsf] l7s pN6f] lbzfdf
74 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
3'Db} afofF v6' 6\ fnfO{ !% ;]=ld= hlt dfly p7fP/ bflxg] uf8] f;uF hf]8\5fF} . o;
cfb]zcg';f/ lj|mofsnfk ubf{ z/L/nfO{ ljz]if ;Gtn' gdf /fVgk' 5{ .
-r_ uf8] f rfn (Mark time)
;ts{ cj:yfdf of] cfb]z kfpgl] alQs}
xfdL j|mdzM bfofF clg afofF uf]8f prfn/]
hldgdf 6S] 5f}F / j|mdzM !, @====!, @ ===
!, @ eGg] uGtLsf] tfndf uf]8f rfnsf]
cEof; u5f}{F . o; cfb]zkZrft\ xfdL
uGtL ! df afofF v'6\6f sl/a ^ OGr hlt prfn/] 6S] 5fF} / uGtL @ df bfofF v6' 6\ f
prfn]/ hldgdf 6S] 5}F . o;df xfdLn] xftsf] l:ylt ;ts{ cj:yfdf h:t} /fVg'k5{ .
-5_ emG8f ;dfTg] (Flag holding)
emG8f ;dfTg] cfb]z kfpgf;fy emG8fnfO{ afofF xftn] b]a|] xftaf6 emG8} !)
bl] v !@ OGrdfly /fVg'k5{ . kGhfnfO{ 5ftLeGbf aflx/lt/ kmsf{P/ a'9LcfF}nf tn
kf/L 5ftLsf] l7s cufl8 kf//] ;dfTg' k5{ . dfr{ kf;sf] cfb]zkl5 cl3 a9b\ } ubf{
cltlysf] ;Ddfgsf nflu emG8f d~rlt/ 9NsfP/ ;dfTg' k5{ . ;Ddfg ;lsPkl5
l;wf lx8F sf] cfb]z ePkl5 emG8fnfO{ km]l/ l;wf kfg'k{ 5{ .
-h_ cufl8 a9 (Forward march)
o; cfbz] df xfdL ;ts{ cj:yfaf6 jf uf8] f rfnsf] cj:yfaf6 cufl8 a9\5f}F .
;jk{ y| d xfdL cfˆgf afofF v6' 6\ f prfn]/ xft / v6' \6fsf] tfndn] ldnfpFb} cufl8
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 75
a9fp5F fF} . afofF v6' \6f cufl8 xF'bf bfofF xft cufl8 / bfofF v'66\ f cufl8
xb'F f afofF xft cufl8 xG' 5 . cGtdf xfdL æ6f]nL c8Æ sf] cfbz] kfPkl5
r]s -bfofF v6' \6f_, Ps -afofF v6' \6f_, bO' { -bfofF v'66\ f_ eg/] bfofF v6' \6fdf
cl8G5fF} .
-em_ bfof“ gh/ (Eyes right)
sjfh ubf{ xfdLnfO{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|d'v cltly tyf
cltlyx¿sf] cufl8 cfOk'u]kl5 clejfbg ug{sf nflu bfofF gh/sf] cfb]z
lbOG5 . o;df xfdL] cfˆgf] 6fpsfnfO{ bflxg]lt/ kmsf{P/ bfofF gh/sf] sfo{ ub5{ fF}
/ csf]{ cfb]z gkfpFbf;Dd ;fx] L cj:yfdf cufl8 a9\5f}F .
-`_ l;wf gh/ (Eyes front)
xfdLn] bfofF gh/sf] cj:yfdf cufl8 a9b\ } ubf{ k|dv' cltlysf] tf]lsPsf] Ifq] eGbf
cufl8 uO;sk] l5 ;fdfGo cj:yfdf Nofpg l;wf gh/sf] cfb]z lbOG5 . of] cfbz]
kfpgf;fy xfdL Ps;} fy 6fpsfnfO{ l;wf kf/L kj" { cj:yfdf h:t} xftuf8] f rnfP/
l;wf cufl8 x/] /] lxF85\ fF} .
-6_ ltt/lat/ (Dismiss)
o; cfbz] kl5 sjfhsf ultljlwx¿ cfk} rfl/s ¿kdf ;lsG5g\ . ltt/ljt/sf] cfbz]
kfpgf;fy xfdL ;a} Ps;} fydf bfoftF km{ kms]{/ tLg ;s] ]G8 hlt cl8G5fF} . To;kl5
cl3 a9sf] cfb]zdf h:t} u//] tLg sbd cufl8 a9]/ ;d"xaf6 5'6l\ 6G5f}F .
ljm| ofsnfk ^=&
;jk{ |yd lhp ttfpg] s;/t ugx'{ f];\ . To;kl5 lzIfssf] lgbz{] gcg;' f/ uGtL jf
;ªu\ Lt÷8d« ÷dfbnsf] tfndf sjfhsf cfbz] x¿sf] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .
76 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
cEof;
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ zf/Ll/s s;/t eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ zf/Ll/s s;/t uge'{ Gbf klxn] lsg lhp ttfpg] lj|mofsnfk ug{'k5{ <
sg' } tLgcf6] f sf/0fx¿ lbg'xf];\ .
-u_ kt} fnf / uf]nLuf7F fsf] s;/t ug]{ tl/sfx¿ pNn]v ug'x{ f;] \ .
-3_ uf]8f, 3'F8f / lt3f| sf] s;/t ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
nV] g'xf;] \ .
-ª_ sjfhn] cgz' f;g / ;fdflhs u'0fx¿sf] ljsf; ub{5 . o; egfOnfO{
:k:6 kfg'{xf;] \ .
-r_ tkfOnF{ ] sIffdf cEof; u/]sf sjfhsf cfb]zx¿sf] ;r" L agfpg'xf];\ .
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
kfFr÷kfr+F hgf ;fyLx¿sf] ;d"x agfpg'xf];\ . k|To]s ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿n] cfcfˆgf]
kl/jf/ / ;fyLx¿;uF ljleGg zf/Ll/s s;/t / sjfh u/s] f kmf]6fx¿ jf lel8of]
;ª\sng u/L tL lj|mofsnfkx¿ ug{] tl/sf k:| t't ug'x{ f;] \ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 77
Pyn]l6S; / ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfk &PsfO
(Athletics and Adventurous Activities)
&=! Pynl] 6S; / ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfksf] kl/ro (Introduction to
Athletics and Adventurous Activities)
dfgj hLjgsf] ljsf; ;uF ;uF } bf}8g], pk|mg] / ˆofFSg] ultljlwx¿ ul/Fb} cfPsf
5g\ . :gfo' / df+;k]zLsf] ;dGjodf ult pTkGg u/L lxF8\g], bf}8g], pk|mg] /
ˆofFSg] lj|mofsnfkx¿ ul/G5 . To:tf lj|mofsnfkx¿sf] PsLs[t ¿knfO{ Pyn]l6S;
elgG5 . bf8} g] / lx8F g\ ] ljm| ofsnfk 6«ofsdf tyf pk|mg] / ˆofFSg] ljm| ofsnfkx¿
lkmN8df ul/g] ePsfn] o;nfO{ 6o« fs PG8 lkmN8 klg elgG5 . dflg;n] hLjg lgjfx{
/ cfTd/Iffsf nflu o:tf dfl} ns / k|fs[lts zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfku5g{ \ .
xfdL kxf8lt/ 6«l] sª hfg], hª\un 3'Dg÷] ;kmf/L hfg], vf]nf tyf gbLdf kf}8L v]Ng]
ljm| ofsnfk u5fF{} . ;fdfGotof ;a} dflg;n] cfˆgf] b}lgsLdf gug{] hl6n / sl7g
k|sl[ tsf zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfknfO{ ;fxl;s lj|mofsnfk elgG5 . o:tf ljm| ofsnfk
ug{ pRr dgfa] n, zlSt, ;xgzLntf, nrstf, ;dGjo tyf ;Gt'ngsf] cfjZostf
k5{ . hªu\ ndf lxF8\g], kxf8 tyf lxdfn r9\g,] vf]nf tyf gbL tg]{ cflb lj|mofsnfk
o;sf pbfx/0f xg' \ .
&=!=! dWod b'/Lsf] bf}8 (Middle distance race)
dWod b'/Lsf] bf8} cGtut{ *)) bl] v !%)) ld6/Ddsf] bf8} k5g{ \ . dWod b/' Lsf]
78 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
bf8} jm| fpr :6f6{ tyf :6o\ flG8ª :6f6{ bO' { tl/sfn] ;'? ug{ ;lsG5 . of] bf}8 ;'?
ubf{ ljz]if u/L j|mfpr :6f6{ tl/sf a9L k|ofu] ul/G5 . o;ks| f/sf] bf}8sf] cEof;
ubf{ vn] f8Ln] k}tfnfsf lar efun] 6s] ]/ kGhfaf6 hldg 5f8] \g] ug'{k5{ . o;f] ubf{
k}tfnfdf sd af]´ k5{ / cufl8 a9\g ;xofu] k'U5 . To:t} bf8} bf z/L/sf] l:ylt
clns cufl8 ´'sfpbF } nfdf] nfdf] kfOnf lngk' 5{ . bf}8bf 3F8' f w/] } p7fpg' xF+b}g .
kfv/' f rnfpbF f sl' xgf nueu () l8uL| sf] sf0] f agfpbF } d7' LnfO{ klg xns' f 5f8] g\ k' 5{ .
o;k|sf/sf bf8} sf nflu z/L/df zlSt pTkfbg ug{ clS;hgsf] ;Gtn' g sfod
xg' k' 5{ . To;}n] oL bf8} P/fl] as lj|mofsnfkcGtut{ k5{g\ . oL bf}8 bf8} gsf nflu
vn] f8Lx¿df ju] ÷ult, tfut, ;xgzLntf cflbsf] cfjZostf k5{ . o;df kl| tljm| of
;do, uf8] f / xftsf] l:yltnfO{ klg ljzi] f Wofg lbgk' 5{ . vn] f8Lx¿df o:tf Ifdtfsf]
ljsf; ug{ lg/Gt/ tflnd / cEof;sf] cfjZostf k5{ . o;sf nflu kl/lw tyf
dWofGt/ tflndx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
lj|mofsnfk &=!
;j{ky| d z/L/ ttfpg] s;/t /fdf| ];uF ug{x' f;] \ . z/L/ ttfpg] s;/t ul/;s]kl5
pknAw eP 6o« fsdf jf ljBfnosf] rp/df % ld6/sf] /l] 8o; x'g] u/L Pp6f jQ[
agfpg'xf;] \ . lzIfssf] ;xofu] df kl/lw tflndsf ljleGg cf7cf6] f lj|mofsnfkx¿
-af]8{ hDk, l:slkª, l;6 ck, 8Dan] sn{ ug],{ :Sjf6 y|:6, aG] r k];| , pkm|g] / leQf
5'g], kfnf] u//] 3'F8f prfn]/ 5ftL 5'g_] 5gf]6 ugx{' f;] \ . To;kl5 Pp6f :6;] gsf]
ljm| ofsnfk #) ;]s]G8 hlt tLj| ultdf ug{] / To;kl5 sx] L ;do -$% ;s] G] 8 hlt_
cf/fd ug]{ csf{] :6;] gdf uO{ k'gM #) ;]sG] 8 lj|mofsnfk ub}{ ;a} :6;] gsf] ;a}
ljm| ofsnfkx¿ kfn}kfnf] ug{'xf;] \ .
ljm| ofsnfk &=@
;jk{ y| d ;an} ] lhp ttfpg] s;/t ugx{' f;] \ . To;kl5 ljBfnosf] rp/ jf 6o« fsdf
sx] L kmGsf nufpgx' f;] \ . ;f] jm| ddf cfkmn" fO{ ufxf| ] ePdf sx] L ;do cf/fd ugx'{ f;] \ .
cEof;sf] s|ddf Go"g, dWod / pRr ju] df dWod b'/Lsf] bf8} sf] cEof; ug{x' f];\ .
&=!=@ xfOhDksf l;kx¿ (Skills of high jump)
hldgsf] ;txaf6 clwstd prfO gf£g] ljm| ofsnfknfO{ xfOhDk elgG5 . of]
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 79
v]n Pk|f]r bf}8, 6]s ckm, lSno/]G; /
NoflG8ª h:tf l;kx¿sf] ko| fu] u/L vl] nG5 .
xfOhDk ul/;sk] l5 cjt/0f -NoflG8ª_ ug]{
7fpFdf pkoS' t Dof6 jf hldg sx] L vfN6f]
kf/L Ps 8]8 lkm6 afn'jf e/]sf] xg' k' 5{ .
oxfF xfdLn] O:6g{ s6ckm / j:] 6g{ /fn]
k4ltaf6 xfOhDk ug]{ tl/sf cEof; u5fF}{ .
-s_ O:6g{ s6 ckm :6fOn (Eastern cut-off-style)
xfOhDk ug{] ljleGg tl/sfx¿dWo] O:6g{ s6 ckm
:6fOn Ps xf] . of] l;h/ s6 :6fOnsf] kl/dflht{ ¿k
xf] . o; tl/sfaf6 xfOhDk ubf{ v]nf8Lx¿n] z/L/nfO{
cufl8tkm{ kmsf{P/ lrqdf h:t} xft / v'66\ f ;dfgfGt/
u/fO{ j|m;af/ gf£gk' 5{ .
-v_ j]:6g{ /f]n (Western roll)
j:] 6g{ /f]n tl/sfaf6 xfOhDk ug{sf nflu #)–$) l8uL| sf] sf]0f agfpFb} Pk|fr] bf8}
;?' ugk{' 5{ . ca 6s] ckm u/k] l5 z/L/nfO{ lIflthLo ¿k (Horizontal position)
df jm| ;af/ dfly ba] ]| jf bflxg] xft kf/L lrqdf h:t} jm| ;af/ gf£g'k5{ . To;kl5
lk7o\ sF' f] efu NoflG8ª If]qdf / dv' NoflG8ª If]q ljk/Lt u/L j|m;af/ gf3\gk' 5{ .
80 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
xfOhDksf l;kx¿
-s_ Pkf| ]r (Approach)
o;sf nflu 6s] ckm ug'c{ l3 ljleGg cfsf/df lgwf{l/t b'/Laf6 bf}8g' / 6s] ckm;Dd
kU' g' Pk|fr] xf] . Pkf| r] bf8} sl/a ;ft kfOnf dfq klg ul/G5 .
-v_ 6]sckm (Takeoff)
Pkf| r] kl5 dflylt/ pkm| gsf nflu b]a]| jf bflxg] v'66\ fn] hf8] ;Fu hldgdf wSsf df//]
z/L/nfO{ dfly nh} fg] sfo{ 6]s ckm xf] . 6s] ckm ubf{ z/L/sf] tf}n 6s] ckm ug{]
v6' \6fdf kg{ hfG5 / 6]s ckm;Fu z/L/nfO{ prfOlt/ prfNg dbt k'U5 .
-u_ lSno/]G; (Clearance)
v'66\ fn] 6]s ckm u/L clwstd prfOdf ku' ]kl5 z/L/n] jm| ;af/ gf£gn' fO{ lSno/]G;
elgG5 . lSno/G] ; ug]{ tl/sf x/]s ljlw jf :6fOncg';f/ km/s x'G5 .
-3_ cjt/0f (Landing)
z/L/n] j|m; af/nfO{ gfl3;s]kl5 Dof6 jf lk6df ;'/lIft tl/sfn] cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{
emfg{' g} cjt/0f xf] . cjt/0f ubf{ xfOhDdsf] tl/sfcg';f/ sfwF jf lk7\o'aF f6 klg
ul/G5 .
ljm| ofsnfk &=#
;jk{ y| d lhp ttfpg] lj|mofsnfk /fdf| ];uF ug{x' f;] \ . To;kl5 ljBfnosf] rp/df
cfjZos ;fduL| ;lxt xfOhDk ug{] pko'St 7fpF agfO{ kfn}kfnf] O:6g{ s6 ck /
j:] 6g{ /fn] k4ltaf6 xfOhDksf] cEof; ugx'{ f;] \ . cEof; ubf{ s]xL ;d:ofx¿
cfPdf lzIfs;Fu ;xof]u lngx' f];\ .
&=!=# ;6k6 (Shoot put)
kmnfd jf cGo wft'x¿sf] ld>0faf6 lgld{t uf]nfsf/ j:t'nfO{ !=)& ld6/sf]
cw{Jof;df lgld{t jQ[ fsf/af6 xftsf] kGhfn] ;dftL sfwF dflyaf6 ws]n]/ ˆofFSg]
l;knfO{ ;6k6 elgG5 .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 81
-s_ xf]lN8ª (Holding)
xfl] N8ª ;6k6sf] klxnf] cfwf/e"t l;k xf] . ;6nfO{ ;dfpgn' fO{
;6k6 vn] df xf]lN8ª elgG5 . ;6k6 v]ndf pTsi[ 6 tl/sfn]
k|bz{g ug{sf nflu v]nf8Lx¿n] ;j{k|yd ;6nfO{ /fd|f];Fu
;dfTg'k5{ . o;nfO{ v]nf8Lx¿n] lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L xftsf]
a9' L cf}Fnf / cGo cfF}nfsf lardf kf/L ;dfTgk' 5{ .
-v_ :6fG; (Stance)
vn] f8Lx¿n] ;6 ;dft/] l/ªdf k|jz]
u/]kl5 z/L/ ;Gt'ng ug{sf nflu
cluNnf] v'6\6f hdLgdf k"0f{ ¿kdf
6S] g] / csf{] v'66\ fsf] ;kf]6{ lnP/ /
xg] cj:yfnfO{ :6fG; elgG5 . o;
cj:yfdf ;6nfO{ lrpF8f]eGbf tn
gemf/L /fVgk' 5{ .
-u_ UnfOl8ª (Gliding)
v]nf8Lx¿n] ;6k6 l/ªdf ult pTkGg ugs{ f nflu Ps v'6\6fsf e/df z/L/nfO{
cln ems' fP/ csf{] v6' \6fnfO{ la:tf/} l3;fb}{ UnfOl8ª ul/G5 . o;sf] kd| 'v p2Z] o
egs] f] z/L/df rfn jf ult pTkGg ug'{ xf] .
-3_ y|f]Oª (Throwing)
;6k'6 ˆofFSg] jm| ddf UnfOl8ª ;uF ;uF } ;Dk0" f{ zlSt nufO{ 5]nf] xftaf6 xT' ofpg]
cyjf ˆofSF g] sfo{nfO{ y|f]Oª elgG5 . y|f]Oªsf j|mddf v]nf8Lx¿n] Ps v6' 6\ f :6k
af]8{sf] cufl8 k6\l6af6 ;kf]6{ lng / To;eGbf dfly nh} fg kfOG5 t/ To;sf] dfly
eg] 6S] g / 5g' kfOFbg} .
-ª_ l/e;{ (Reverse)
vn] f8Ln] ;6 yf| ] ul/;sk] l5 tTsfn z/L/nfO{ ;Gtn' gdf /fVgsf nflu ;6 yf| ]
u/]sf] lbzfaf6 l7s ljk/Lt lbzftkm{ kmsg{ ;Sg] l;knfO{ l/e;{ elgG5 . o;n]
v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ l8;SjflnkmfO{ xg' af6 arfp5F .
82 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
ljm| ofsnfk &=$
;j{ky| d ;an} ] lhp ttfpg] lj|mofsnfk /fd|f];Fu ug{'xf;] \ . To;kl5 ;6k6 l/ªdf
kfnk} fnf] ;6k6sf cfwf/et" l;kx¿ cEof; ug{'xf];\ . cEof;sf j|mddf s]xL ;d:of
cfOk/] lzIfssf] ;xofu] lngx' f];\ .
&=!=$ l/n] bf}8 (Relay race)
lgwf{l/t b'/Lsf] cGTodf Pp6f ;fyLn] bf}8Fb}
uP/ csf{] ;fyLnfO{ Aof6g lbFb} v]lng] v]n l/n]
bf}8 xf] . ;fdfGotof !))×$ ld6/ / $))×$
ld6/sf] l/n] bf}8 k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ug{]
ul/G5 . !))×$ ld6/ l/n]df kT| os] wfasn]
!)) ld6/sf] b/' L bf8} bF } cfˆgf] ;fyLnfO{ Aof6g lbgk' 5{ . $))×$ ld6/sf] l/n] bf8} df
kT| o]s wfjsn] $)) ld6/sf] b'/L bf8} Fb} Aof6g cfˆgf] ;fyLnfO{ kf; ugk{' 5{ . Aof6g
lbg tyf lngsf nflu @) ld6/sf] Ifq] sfod ul/Psf] xG' 5 . o;sf] cEof;n]
vn] f8Lx¿df kl| t:kwf{ / ;fd"lxs Pstfsf] efjgf ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ub5{ .
-s_ gf£b} hfg] l/n] vn] (Jumping relay)
gf£b} hfg] l/n] vn] sf] cEof;n] vn] f8Lx¿dfbf8} g],pk|mg] Ifdtf / rkntfsf] ljsf;
ug{ dbt ub{5 . o; v]nsf] cEof; ug{ k|Tos] v]nf8Ln] tf]lsPsf] b'/L kf/ ug'k{ g{]
x'G5 . cfkmg\ f] tf]lsPsf] b/' L kf/ ul/;s]kl5 3fK] 6f] k//] a:g'k5{ . To;kl5 bf;] f| ]
v]nf8L bu'b{} uP/ 3f]K6f] k/]sf] ;fyLnfO{ gf3/] tfl] sPsf] b/' L kf/ u/L 3fK] 6f] k/]/
a:g'k5{ . o;} u/L c¿ vn] f8Lx¿ klg bu'b}{ hfg] / ;fyLx¿nfO{ gf£b} hfg] u/L
vN] fsf] cEof; ugx{' f;] \ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 83
lj|mofsnfk&=%
;a} hgf rf/ a/fa/ ;dx" df ljefhg xg' 'xf;] \ . k|To]s ;dx" n] gf3b\ } hfg] l/n]
vn] sf nflu bf}8g] / 3f]K6f] k/]/ a:g] Ifq] df lrgf] nufpg'xf];\ . To;kl5 tfFtLsf]
;a}eGbf cufl8sf] vn] f8L bf8} bF } hfg] / cfkm\gf] lgwf{l/t b'/L bfl} 8;s]kl5 xft /
38'F f e'OFdf 6]sL 3fK] 6f] k/]/ a:gx' f;] \ . To;kl5 bf];f| ] v]nf8L bf8} bF } uP/ 3fK] 6f] k//]
a;s] f] ;fyLnfO{ gf3L lgwf{l/t b/' L kf/ u/k] l5 3f]K6f] k//] a:g'xf];\ . kfnk} fnf] ;a}
ljBfyLx{ ¿n] gf3b\ } hfg] l/n] vn] sf] cEof; ugx'{ f;] \ .
-v_ ;fyL af]s]/ lx8“ g\ ] l/n] vn]
of] v]nsf] cEof; ug{ vn] f8Lx¿sf] ldNbf] prfO, tf}n / lnªu\ ePsf hf8] Lx¿
agfpg'xf];\ . ;ª\s]t kfpgf;fy a/fa/ ;ªV\ ofdf tftF Ldf a;]sf hf]8LdWo] s'g} Ps
;fyLnfO{ afS] b} tf]lsPsf] b'/L kf/ ugx'{ f;] \ . To;kl5 bf];|f] hf]8Ln] klg To;} u/L
;fyLnfO{ afS] b} b/' L kf/ ugx{' f;] \ . o;k|sf/ ;d"xsf ;a} hf8] Ln] tfl] sPsf] b'/L kf/
kf/ u/L v]n k/" f ugx'{ f;] \ .
&=@ kfgL / hªu\ ndf ul/g] ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfk
vf]nf, gbL tyf tfnx¿df kf}8L v]Ng] / tg,]{ ¥oflˆ6ª ug,]{ kfgLsf] 5fndf 8«fOe
ug{] ul/G5 . hª\un ;kmf/L ug{], kbofqf hfg] cflb lj|mofsnfknfO{ kfgL /
hªu\ ndf ul/g] ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfk elgG5 . o;ks| f/sf ljm| ofsnfkdf ;xefuL xbF' f
bIf kl| zIfssf] ;xof]u cfjZos x'G5 . cfjZos ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿nfO{ ;d]t k"0f{
¿kdf kfngf ug'{k5{ . ;xefuLx¿ xfl] ;of/ geO{ o:tf ljm| ofsnfk u/]df b'3{6gf
xg' ;Sg] ePsfn] ;r]t eP/ ;fjwfgLkj" {s ugk'{ 5{ .
gk] fndf kfgLdf ul/g] ;fxl;s lj|mofsnfksf;] Defjgf / cEof;sf] cj:yf
gk] fndf kfgLdf ul/g] ;fxl;s lqmosnfksf] /fdf| ] ;Defjgf 5 . /f/f tfn, kmj] f tfn,
ltlnrf] tfn, a]ugf; tfn, ;k] mf]S;'G8f] tfn, kfv] /L, em/gfx¿;d]t kfgLdf ul/g]
;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfksf nflu /fdf| ] ;Defjgf ePsf :yfgx¿ xg' \ . g]kfndf ljleGg
Joj;foLx¿n] s0ff{nL, gf/fo0fL, lqzn" L, ;]tL gbLdf ¥oflˆ6ª Joj;fo ;~rfng
u/s] f 5g\ . :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿n] plrt of]hgf agfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;sd] f ;fxl;s
ljm| ofsnfksf] k|jw{g ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 vn] ko{6g, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;
;d]t ug{ ;lsG5 .
84 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
lj|mofsnfk &=^
tkfO{sF f] ;db' fodf kfgLdf ul/g] ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfksf] cj:yfsf af/]df cleefjs
tyf l5d]sL cu'jf JolStx¿;uF 5nkmn u/L kf| Kt lgisif{nfO{ sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't
ugx'{ f;] \ .
cEof;
!= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ Pyn]l6S; eg]sf] s] xf] < pbfx/0f;lxt nV] gx' f;] \ .
-v_ dWod b/' Lsf] bf}8cGtu{t kg{] bf8} x¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ xfOhDk ug{] s'g} Ps tl/sfsf] j0f{g ug{x' f;] \ .
-3_ ;6k6yf| s] f nflu cfjZos ;fduL| x¿ s] s] x'g\, nV] g'xf];\ .
-ª_ tkfOsF{ f] ;db' fo tyf :yfgLo txdf s'g s'g ;fxl;s ljm| ofsnfkx¿
ug{ ;lsG5 < ;f]wk'5 u/L ;"rL agfpgx' f;] \ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
lzIfs tyf cleefjsf] ;xofu] df cfjZos ;/' Iffsf pkfo ckgfP/ glhs}sf]
hª\undf kbofqf ug{'xf];\ . To:t} vfn] f tg]{, kf}8L vN] g,] 8'ª\uf r9\g], ¥ofkml\ 6ª
ug{] cflb ljm| ofsnfksf] cjnfs] gsf ;fy} lzIfs tyf cleefjsf] pkl:yltdf dfq}
;xefuL x'g] k|of; ug{'xf;] \ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff & 85
vn] (Games) *PsfO
*=! elnan (Volleyball )
elnan gk] fnsf] /fli6o« v]n xf] . of] v]n v]Ngsf nflu ( ld6/ rf8} fO / !*
ld6/ nDafOsf] cfotsf/ sf6] { cjZos k5{ . of] v]n sf]6s{ f lardf g]6 6fFu]/
^–^ hgfsf] bO' { ;d"x agfO{ annfO{ eFO' df v:g glbO{ v]lnG5 . of] vn] sf] ;'?cft
;le;{ af6 ul/G5 . ljkIfLn] ;le{; u/s] f] an xfg]/ tLg k6s;Dd kf; u/L ;le;{
ug]{ kIftkm{ g]6 dflyaf6 v;fNgk' 5{ . an hg' kIfdf v:5 To;sf] ljkIfn]
Ps cªs\ k|fKt u//] ;le{; ug]{ dfs} f kfpF5 . To:t} u/L an cfp6 ug,{] kmfpn
ug{] l6dsf] ljkIfn] ;le;{ ug{] cj;/ / cª\s klg kfpF5 . v]nsf] xf/lht @%
cª\sdf xG' 5 . vn] vN] bf kfrF ;]6dWo] tLg ;6] lhTg] l6dsf] ljhoL x'G5 .
-s_ /l] hª÷;]l6ª (Rasing\ Setting)
elnan v]ndf ;6 (spike)
xfGg ;lhnf] x'g] u/L an p7fP/
cfkmg\ f] ;fyL (spiker) nfOl{ bg] tl/sf g}
/l] hª jf ;l] 6ª xf ] . elnandf ;6] / jf
/h] /n] p7fPsf] ansf cfwf/df ljkIfsf]
sf]6{sf] v]nf8Ln] an p7fpg g;Sg]
u/L hf]8n\ ] ;6 (spike) xfGg ;lsG5 .
o;sf dfWodaf6 a9L cª\s cfh{g ug{
;3fp kU' b5 . cfˆgf] l6daf6 cfPsf]
bf];|f] annfO{ jf cfsl:ds ¿kdf
ljkIfsf] sf6] {af6 hfnL glhs cfPsf]
annfO{ cfˆgf] kIfsf] :kfOs/sf nflu hfnLdfly kU' g] u/L p7fOlbg'k5{ . ;6] / jf
/h] / l;kfn' ePdf v]n a9L /f]rs tyf k|lt:kw| fT{ ds aGb5 .
86 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
ljm| ofsnfk *=!
;a} hgf cfjm| d0f /]vfeGbf k5fl8 tfF tLdf plegx' f];\ . Ps hgf ljBfyL{ hfnLlt/
lk7\o'F kmsf{P/ / csf{] Ps hgf :kfOs If]qdf pleg'xf;] \ . lzIfs jf 6f]nLgt] fn]
tfF tLsf] ;a}eGbf cufl8sf] JolStnfO{ an lbg'xf;] \ . an kfPsf] JolStn] pSt an
hfnLlt/ lk7\o'F kmsf{P/ plePsf] JolStnfO{ kf; lbbF } cfkm" klg hfnL glhs plePsf]
JolStsf] 7fpdF f uP/ pleg'xf;] \ . hfnLlt/ lk7\o'F kmsfP{ / plePsf] JolStn] an
:kfOs ug{ ldNg] u/L :kfOs If]qdf plePsf] ;fyLnfO{ an ldnfO{ lbgx' f;] \ . :kfOs
If]qsf] ;fyLn] pSt an tfFtLsf] cluNnf] JolStnfO{ lbbF } tfF tLsf] clGtddf uP/
plegx' f];\ . of] cEof; lg/Gt/ ug{x' f;] \ .
-v_ :kfOlsª (Spiking)
elnan l6ddf :kfOs/sf] dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf
/x]sf] xG' 5 . of] Pp6f dxŒjk0" f{ cfj|mfds l;k
xf ] . /h] / jf ;]6/n] hfnLdfly p7fOlbPsf]
annfO{ :kfOs/ cfj|mfds If]qaf6 plk|mP/
hf]8n] bafP/ xfGg'nfO{ :kfOlsª elgG5 .
elnan :kfOlsª ug{] JolStnfO{ :kfOs/
elgG5 . :kfOs ug{sf nflu lrqdf b]vfPsf]
h:t} u/L Pkf| r] , 6s] ckm, pkm| g,' annfO{ xfGg' / NofG8 ug{' h:tf kl| jm| of ckgfpgk' 5 { .
Pk|fr] df an p7]sf] lbzflt/ Ps jf bO' { kfOnf lnO{ bj' } uf8] f ;uF } ahf/]/ pk|mg tof/
x'g'k5 { . klxn] b'j} uf8] f;uF } 6]s]/ 3'F8f cln v'lDrg] u/L lgx'l/P/ kl5 hf]8n] dfly
pkm| gk' 5{ . 6]s ckm u/L dfly pl7;sk] l5 annfO{ hf]8n] tnlt/ bafP/ xfGg'k5{ .
an xflg;s]kl5 z/L/ cufl8 xl' QP/ ghfcf];\ egL ;Gtl' nt tl/sfn] NofG8 ug'{k5{ .
ljm| ofsnfk *=@
;a} hgf elnan sf]6{sf] afofFtkm{ tfFtLdf pleg'xf;] \ . To;kl5 /h] / pleg] 7fpdF f
Pp6f s;' L{ /fVgx' f;] \ . s;' Ld{ fly pleg] ;fyLnfO{ Pp6f ;fyLn] an lbgx' f;] \ . s;' Ld{ fly
pleg] ;fyLn] an hfnLeGbf sx] L dfly x'g] u/L ;dfpgx' f];\ . To;kl5 tfFtLdf
plePsf] ;fyL hDk ub{} an :kfOs ub{} tfFtLsf] cGTodf uP/ plegx' f];\ . ;an} ]
kfnf}kfnf] o;/L g} :kfOlsªs\ f] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 87
*=@ km'6an (Football)
km'6an v]n ljZjs} nf]slk|o
v]nsf ¿kdf /xs] f] 5 . o; vn] nfO{
cd]l/sfnufot s]xL dn' sx¿df ;s/
(Soccer) gfdn] klg lrlgG5 . km6' an
v]n !!÷!! hgf v]nf8Lsf] ;d"xdf
v]lnG5 . of] v]n $%÷$% ldg6] sf] b'O{
r/0fdf v]lnG5 . oL b'O{ r/0fsf] lardf
!) ldg6] dWofGt/ xG' 5 . o; vn] df
vn] f8Lx¿n] an xfGg v'6\6f, k]6, 5ftL, 6fpsf] cflbsf] ko| fu] ub{5g\ .
-s_ lslsª (Kicking)
km6' an v]ndf annfO{ lglZrt lbzfdf k¥' ofpg, ;fyLnfO{ kf; lbg / ufn] ug{
lslsª l;ksf] ko| f]u ul/G5 . OG;fO8 lss, Og:6]k lss, k|mL lss, uf]n lss,
k]gfN6L lss, sg{/ lss h:tf ljleGg tl/sfsf] ko| fu] u/L lslsª ug{ ;lsG5 .
-c_ /fl] nª lss M km6' an v]nsf j|mddf annfO{ vn] d}bfgdf u'8\g] u/L xfGgn' fO{
/fl] nª lss elgG5 . of] lss ansf] lardf v6' \6fsf] leqL efu jf 6'Kkfn] xfGg'k5{ .
-cf_ xfO{ lss M km'6an vn] sf jm| ddf annfO{ xfjfdf p8g\ ] u/L xfGgn' fO{ xfO{
lss elgG5 . of] lss ugs{ f nflu ansf] lk+Fwdf v'6\6fsf] 6'Kkf jf v'6\6fsf] leqL
efuaf6 xfGgk' 5{ .
ljm| ofsnfk *=#
lzIfssf] lgbz]{ gdf lhp ttfpg] ljm| ofsnfk
u/L a/fa/ ;ª\Vofdf b'O{cf]6f ;d"x
agfpg'xf];\ . lrqdf bv] fPh:t} u/L klxnf]
r/0fdf v'6\6fn] annfO{ /f]lnª lslsª
ug'{xf];\ . bf];|f] r/0fdf xfO{ lslsª u/L
nfOgsf] clGtddf uP/ plegx' f];\ . csf]{ ;d"xn] klg kfnk} fnf] an lgoGq0f u/L
kg' M dfly h:t} bj' } tl/sfn] lslsªsf] cEof; ug'x{ f;] \ .
88 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
-v_ yf| O] g (Throw–in)
km6' an vn] df db} fgsf] bfofaF fofF ;fO8nfOgaf6
aflx/ uPsf] annfO{ leq\ofpg] jf kg' M v]n
;~rfng ug{] / annfO{ ;fO8nfOgaf6 leq
kmfNg] l;knfO{ y|f]Og elgG5 . o;sf nflu
vn] f8Ln] ;fO8nfOg g5fO] { annfO{ 6fpsfdfly
/fv/] v6' 6\ f gprfnL bj' } xftn] an kmfNgk' 5{ .
ljm| ofsnfk *=$
;jk{ y| d lhp ttfpg] lj|mofsnfk /fd|f;] Fu ugx'{ f;] \ . To;kl5 a/fa/ ;ªV\ ofdf b'O{
;dx" agfpg'xf;] \ . lrqdf bv] fPh:t} u/L bj' } xftn] an yf| ] u/L nfOgsf] clGtddf
uP/ plegx' f];\ . kfnk} fnf] ;a}n] km' 6an y|f]Ogsf] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .
-u_ x]l8ª (Heading)
km6' andf 6fpsf] dflyaf6 cfPsf] annfO{
6fpsfn] lxsf{pgn' fO{ x]l8ª elgG5 . xl] 8ª
ubf{ an 6fpsfsf] ;Dks{df cfpgf;fy
clnslt cfk\mgf] zlSt nufP/ cufl8
xl' Qgk' 5{ . t/ 6o« flkªsf] ;dodf eg] 6fpsf] lgx'/fP/ annfO{ hldgdf v;fpg]
k|of; ugk{' 5{ . xl] 8ª ug]{ l;kdf bIftf kf| Kt ug{ w]/} cEof;sf] cfjZostf k5{ .
-3_ uf]n lslkª (Goal keeping)
v]nsf jm| ddf km' 6annfO{ ufn] kf:] 6df l5g{
glbg k|ofu] ul/g] ljleGg /IffTds l;k g} uf]n
lslkª xf] . ufn] kf]:6df km6' an l5g{ glbgsf
nflu an 5S] g,' dS' sfn] lxsfP{ / k7fpg,' ;dfpg'
cflb ufn] lslkªsf l;kx¿ x'g\ .
lj|mofsnfk *=%
/fdf| ];uF lhp ttfP/ cwu{ fn] fsf/ 3/] fdf pleg'xf;] \ . ;dx" sf Ps hgfn] sx] L
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 89
cufl8af6 an 3F8' fdfly;Dd kU' g] u/L kmfNg'xf;] \ . k/af6 p8/] cfPsf] annfO{ b'j}
xftsf sfG5Lcfn}F f hf8] ] h:t} u/L ;dft/] annfO{ 5ftL;Dd Nofpg'xf];\ . ;an} ] of]
cEof; lg/Gt/ ugx'{ f;] \ .
ljm| ofsnfk *=^
a/fa/L ;ª\Vofsf bO' { ;dx" agfO{ rf/b]lv kfFr ld6/sf] b/' Ldf plegx' f;] \ . ;dx"
…sÚ af6 cfPsf] annfO{ ;d"x …vÚ sf] ;a}eGbf cufl8 /x]sf] JolStn] kl/l:ylt x]/L
;dfpg,] d'Ssf xfGg], 8fOleª u/L an /fS] g] k|of; ug'{xf;] \ . cfkm"n] an ;dfO{;sk] l5
cfkme" Gbf k5fl8sf ;fyLnfO{ an lbO{ cfkm" tftF Lsf] ;aE} fGbf k5fl8 uO{ plegx' f];\ .
an kfPsf] JolStn] an lslsª u/L ;dx" s df g} k7fpgx' f;] \ . ;d"x s sf] ;ae} Gbf
cl3 /x]sf] JolStn] ;f] an ;dx" v n] h:t} u/L ;dfpg], d'Ssf xfGg,] 8fOleª u/L
an /fS] g] k|of; ug{'xf;] \ . o;}u/L kfn}kfnf] ;an} ] uf]n lslkªsf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk *=&
km'6ansf cfwf/e"t l;kx¿ sIffsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ ldnL k6s k6s cEof;
ugx'{ f;] \ . cEof;sf ;dodf sx] L sl7gfO cfOk/d] f ljifo lzIfssf] ;xofu] lngx' f;] \ .
*=# af:s]6an (Basketball)
cfotfsf/ sf6] d{ f kfFr kfFr hgf vn] f8Lx¿ lardf Ps ;dx" n] csf]{ ;dx" sf]
af:s]6leq annfO{ l5/fP/ v]lng] v]nnfO{ af:s]6 an vn] elgG5 . of] vn] !)÷!)
ldg]6sf] rf/ r/0fdf v]lnG5 . rfln; ldg6] df h'g ;d"xn] a9L cª\s k|fKt ub5{
ToxL ;d"x ljhoL xG' 5 .
-s_ lkef]l6ª (Pivoting)
bj' x} ftn] annfO{ ;dft]/ lgoGq0f u/L Pp6f v6' 6\ fnfO{
crn lsnf] h:t} /fv]/ csf{] v6' 6\ f cufl8, k5fl8,
bfofF, afofFtkm{ kfOnf rfNg] l;knfO{ lkef]l6ª elgG5 .
of] l;k af:s]6andf cfkmn" ] l8a« n ub}{ nu]sf] an jf
cfkmg\ f] lgoGq0fdf ePsf] annfO{ ljkIfLsf] sf]6l{ t/
a9fpg k|of]u ul/G5 . o; jm| ddf ljkIfsf v]nf8Lx¿n]
90 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
glhsa} f6 5S] g] ub{5g\ . To:tf] a]nf annfO{ lgoGq0f u/L ;'/lIft tl/sfn] ;fyLNffO{
kf; ug{ ;lsG5 .
-v_ ;l' 6ª (Shotting)
af:s6] an v]ndf annfO{ af:s6] df kmfn]/ l5/fpg] sfo{nfO{ ;'l6ª elgG5 . ;'l6ª
ljleGg ks| f/sf x'G5g\ . ;'l6ª u/]sf] an af:s]6df l5/d] f cj:yfcg;' f/ ! jf @
jf # cªs\ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . k|mL ;6 xfgs] f] cj:yfdf ! cªs\ , cGo cj:yfdf y|L
KjfOG6 ;sn{ leqaf6 ;'l6ª u/]df @ cªs\ / yL| KjfOG6 ;sn{ eGbf aflx/af6 ;l' 6ª
u/]df # cªs\ kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;'l6ª l+ jleGg tl/sfn] ug{ ;lsG5 .
-s_ ;]6 ;6 (Set shot)
af:s6] an v]nsf bf/} fgdf ljkIfLsf] cj/fw] gePsf] a]nfdf k'/} tof/Lsf ;fy ;do
lnP/ ;'l6ª ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;6] ;6 elgG5 . of] ;6 yL| KjfOG6 ;sn{ leq jf aflx/
hxfaF f6 klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
ljm| ofsnfk *=*
lhp ttfP/ af:s6] an sf6] s{ f] l/ªaf6 *÷!) lkm6 6f9f tftF Ldf
plegx' f];\ . lrqdf bv] fP h:t} u/L kfnk} fnf] ;6] ;6sf] cEof;
ug'{xf;] \ .
-v_ hDk ;6 (Jump shot)
af:s6] an v]ndf ljkIfsf v]nf8L cufl8 ePsf a]nf ljkIfsf]
eGbf klg dflyaf6 ;6 ug'{ k/]df hDk ;6 ul/G5 . ljkIfnfO{ 5SofP/ Ps kfOnf
bfofFafofF ;f//] ;6 ugk{' /]df klg hDk ;6 ug{ ;lsG5 . hDk ;6 ubf{ an k'; u//]
5f8] g\ sf nflu pk|mg] ug'{k5{ .
ljm| ofsnfk *=(
lhp tftfP/ af:s6] an sf6] s{ f] l/ªaf6 *÷!) lkm6 6f9f tftF Ldf
pleg'xf;] \ . lrqdf bv] fP h:t} u/L kfnk} fnf] af:s]6df an
l5/fpg hDk;6sf] cEof; ugx{' f;] \ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 91
-u_ n]ck;6 (Layup shot)
af:s6] an v]ndf ;l' 6ªcGt{ut ;je} Gbf a9L
k|of]u xg' ] l;k n] ck ;6 xf] . of] ;6 ug{
l8«alnª ub{} cfP/ jf ;fyLn] lbPsf] kf;
annfO{ pkmf//] b'j} xftn] ;dftL bfofF v6' 6\ f
Ps kfOnf rfNg] / afofF v6' 6\ fn] pk|]m/ af8] {
glhs k'Ug] clg bfofF 3'F8f v'DrfpFb} cufl8
dfly p7fpgk' 5{ . kf| oh;f] v]nf8Lx¿ l56f] :sf]l/ª ug{ of] ;6sf] ko| fu] ub{5g\ .
-3_ k|mL ;6 (Free shot)
o; v]ndf kIfsf v]nf8Lx¿n] cfj|mfds v]nf8LnfO{ JolStut
¿kdfkmn u/d] f k|mL ;6 ug{] cj;/ lbOG5\ . kIfn] kT| o]s ;kmn
k|mL;6 afkt ! cª\s kf| Kt ub{5 . km| L;6 xfGg] ;dodf s;n} ] klg
afwf Jojwfg ug{ kfpFbg} .
lj|mofsnfk *=!)
af:s6] an sf6] d{ f uP/ ;l' 6ª l;kx¿sf] cEof; ug'x{ f;] \ . cEof;sf jm| ddf s]xL
;d:of cfPdf lzIfsnfO{ ;Dks{ ugx{' f;] \ .
*=$ lj|ms6] (Cricket)
cG8fsf/sf] v]n d}bfgdf !!÷!! hgf
v]nf8Lx¿ lar alnª / Aofl6ª u/L vl] ng] vn] g}
ljm| s6] v]n xf] . of] vn] sf] d}bfgsf] lardf @=^$
ld6/ rf8} fO / @)=!@ ld6/ nDafOsf] lkr (Pitch)
xG' 5 . lkrsf] bj' }lt/ tLg tLgcf]6f sf7sf] nf/} f]
h:t} 8G8L (Stumps) /flvPsf] x'G5 .
-s_ Aofl6ª (Batting)
o; vn] df ljkIfLn] alnª u/s] f] annfO{ Aof6;\ Dofgn] ansf] cj:yfcg;' f/ Aof6sf]
;xfotfn] ;6 xfGg], u'8fpg] jf 5S] g] l;knfO{ Aofl6ª elgG5 . vn] sf] k|sl[ t x/] L
92 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf sIff &
/IffTds / cfj|mds tl/sfn] Aofl6ª ug{ ;lsG5 . ;dfGotof yf]/} cf]e/sf v]nx¿df
cfj|mfds Aofl6ª ug{] ul/G5 . Ps lbj;Lo tyf 6]:6 Dofrx¿df /IffTds Aofl6ª
ul/G5 . Jofl6ªs\ f nflu v]nf8Lx¿df lgDg lnlvt\ l;ksf] cfjZostf k5{ .
-c_ lu|k (Grip)
lu|k lj|ms6] v]nsf] ;ae} Gbf cfwf/et" l;k xf] . Aof6;\ Dofgn] ;xL l;ksf] k|of]u
u/L Aof6 ;dfTgn' fO{ luk| elgG5 . luk| hlt alnof] / pkoS' t eof] Tolt g} hf]8n]
annfO{ 6f9f;Dd k¥' ofpg / /g hf8] \g ;xh x'G5 .
-cf_ :6fG; (Stance)
of] v]ndf Aof6\;Dofgn] an cfpg] lbzflt/ Wofg
Pslqt u//] Aofl6ª ug{sf nflu tof/L cj:yfdf
/xgn' fO{ :6fG; elgG5 . :6fG;df a:bf z/L/ ;Gtn' g
xg' ,] annfO{ hf8] n] Aofl6ª ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] / bf}8/]
/g lng ;xh x'G5 .
-O_ 8«fOe÷;6 (Drive/short)
alnª u/]sf] annfO{ To;sf] lbzf,
ult, tyf prfO x/] /] cjZostfcg';f/
;6 xfGg] jf 8f« Oe ug]{ ul/G5 . ljm| s]6
vn] df :66]« 8«fOe, se/ 8«fOe, :Sjfo/
8f« Oe, cg 8«fOe, ckm 8f« Oe, xs' ;6,
kn' ;6, n6] s6 ;6 cflb ko| fu] ul/G5 .
-v_ alnª (Bowling)
an/n] annfO{ cfnF} fx¿sf] pko'St ;dGjo ldnfP/ l7s tl/sfn] ;dflt lgwf{l/t
If]qaf6 Aofl6ª ug]{ 7fplF t/ hf8] n] ˆofSF g'nfO{ alnª elgG5 . pko'St tl/sfn]
alnª ugs{ f nflu /g ck jf Pk|f]r bf8} n] dxŒjk0" f{ el" dsf vN] 5 . ljm| s6] v]ndf
;fdfGotof alnª b'O{ tl/sfn] ug{ ;lsG5 .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 93
-c_ tLj| alnª (Fast bowling)
an/n] tLj| ultdf bf}8b} cfP/ alnª ljm| haf6
an kmfNg'nfO{ tLj| alnª elgG5 . o;sf nflu
vn] f8Lx¿sf] tLj| ult, plrt zf/Ll/s tGb?' :tL,
alnof] sd' / kfv/' f xg' k' 5{ . tLj| alnª ubf{ Aof6;\
DofgnfO{ cfp6 ug{] ;Defjgf w/] } xG' 5 .
ljm| ofsnfk *=!!
;a} hgf /fd|f;] Fu lhp ttfP/ bO' { a/fa/ ;ª\Vofsf] ;d"x agfpgx' f];\ . lrqdf
bv] fP h:t} kfnk} fnf] alnª ug{] cEof; ugx{' f];\ .
-cf_ l:kg alnª (Spin bowling)
an/n] alnª lj|mhaf6 kmfns] f] an bfofF jf afofFtkm{ 3'Db} hfgn' fO{ l:kg alnª
elgG5 . l:kg alnª gf8Laf6 / cfn}F faf6 an 3'dfpg] u/L bO' { tl/sfn] ul/G5 .
o;sf nflu v]nf8Lx¿sf] s'd / kfv/' fsf] tfut, ult, ;xglzntf cflbsf] plrt
;dGjo x'gk' 5{ .
-u_ lkmlN8ª (Fielding)
alnª u/]sf] anaf6 w]/} /g glbg / Aof6\;DofgnfO{
t'?Gt cfp6 ug{sf nflu an t?' Gt ;dfpg,] ljs6] lsk/
;Dd ˆofSg,] ;s;] Dd w]/} /g x'g glbg] sfon{ fO{ lkmlN8ª
elgG5 . of] vn] df /IffTds, cfjm| fds / glhsa} f6 lkmlN8ª
94 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff &
u/L tLg tl/sfn] ul/G5 . alnª / lkmlN8ª pTsi[ 6 ePdfAof6\;Dofgx¿nfO{ w]/} /g
agfpg sl7g xG' 5 .
lj|mofsnfk *=!@
;a}hgf /fdf| ];uF lhp ttfP/ a/fa/L ;ªV\ ofsf] bO' { ;d"x agfpgx' f];\ . lrqdf b]vfP
h:t} kfn}kfnf] an kmfNg] / an ;dfpg] cEof; ug{x' f];\ .
*=% sa88\ L
of] vn] ;ft ;ft hgf vn] f8Lx¿sf] bO' { ;dx" df vl] nG5 . Pp6f ;dx" nfO{ /8] / /
csf]{ ;d"xnfO{ PG6L /8] / elgG5 . of] v]ndf lgwfl{ /t ;doleq hg' ;d"xn] a9L
cª\s k|fKt ub{5 ;f]xL ;d"xsf] lht x'G5 . v]nf8Lx¿df tfut, ;xgzLntf,
zf/Ll/s ;fdYo{ / rkntfsf] /fdf| ];uF ljsf; x'gk' 5{ .
-s_ em'Sofpg]
sa88\ L v]ndf /8] /n] Psflt/ 5fP] h:tf] ug{] t/ csf]{lt/ 5'g,] Psflt/ xdnf u/]
h:tf] ug]{ t/ csf]l{ t/ xdnf ug{] l;k g} e'mSofpg] l;k xf] . em'Sofpg] jf 5Ng]
l;knfO{ sa8\8Ldf 8lhª klg elgG5 .
lj|mofsnfk *=!#
lhp /fdf| ;] uF ttfP/ sa88\ L sf6] s{ f] tLgcf6] f sg' fdf Ps÷Ps hgf vn] f8L a:gx' f;] \ .
afsF L vn] f8Lx¿ tftF Ldf a:gx' f;] \ . ;?' df tftF Lsf] klxnf] vn] f8L sa88\ L sa88\ L eGb}
sf6] { cufl8sf] ;fyLnfO{ 5g' ] ko| f; ugx'{ f;] \ . To;kl5 csf{] sg' fsf] ;fyLnfO{ / cGTodf
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf sIff & 95
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स्वास्थ्य शारीरिक तथा सिर्जनात्मक कला कक्षा ७
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