Coastal Nav correspondence 2021

Answers

Q1. List the sources regarding the Rules for vessels transiting Straits of Malacca and
Singapore

• Notice to mariners 39 / 1998 Rules for vessels navigating through the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore

• www.mpa.gov.sg/circulars_and_notices/pdfs/pc06-20.pdf

• B.A 5524/ 5525 (partially)

 NP 44 chapter ……………
 ANM published by RMN
 Passage planning by SIGTO
 Passage planning by ICS

Q2. List of publications to be placed on board ships flying the Malaysian flag is as per
……….

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 51 of 126

TRANSPORT CANADA - ACCEPTANCE OF NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS IN ELECTRONIC
FORM IN CANADA

•The Charts and Nautical Publication Regulations, 1995 (CNPR) require the carriage and
use of several nautical publications. Many nautical publications in Canada are now available
in electronic form and can be downloaded from the internet in PDF (chart catalogue, Monthly
Notices to Mariners (NOTMARS), List of Lights, Buoys and Fog Signal, Annual Edition of
Notices to Mariners, Radio aids to Marine Navigation, CCG Ice Navigation in Canadian
Waters). Some vessels may carry publications in electronic form issued by another
Administration (i.e., Admiralty Digital Publications) as per CNPR subsection 6(3).

•IMO circular entitled IMO requirements on carriage of publications on board ships (MSC-
MEPC.2/Circ.2) allows electronic publications provided they have been issued by the IMO,
an Administration or an organization authorized by an Administration. The electronic
document should also "be treated in accordance with the document control procedures in
the ship's SMS including procedures for timely update." However, as an exception, IMO
does require the International Code of Signals and the IAMSAR - Volume III must be always
available in hard copy to ensure accessibility and portability for emergency use.

•Under SOLAS, charts and nautical publications in electronic form can be used to meet
SOLAS V carriage requirements provided suitable back-up arrangements are in place.

•The CNPR provide detailed requirements for nautical publications. Electronic nautical
publications must meet the same requirements as the hard copies. For example: ◦The
publication must be published, or issued, by the appropriate authority,

◦The publication must be complete for the area to be navigated and up to date.

The electronic publication shall be readily available to the Officer of the Watch (OOW) at all
times and viewable on the navigation bridge.

There should be an appropriate back-up onboard. The primary system should have an
emergency source of power.

Updates should be applied to both the primary and back-up system as soon as practical.
When in port, they should be applied prior to passage planning and commencement of the
voyage.

As the publications required by the CNPR must be on board, simply being able to access
the publications through the internet would not be considered on board and therefore not
acceptable. However, publications downloaded and saved on board or hard copies printed
from official internet sources would be acceptable

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 52 of 126

Malaysia Maritime Academy
A1MATE Coastal Navigation
Week 1 exercise
Q1. Name the main search patterns as per IAMSAR volume III (2019).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Q2. Name the mandatory reporting schemes as per IMO ship’s routeing (2019).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Q3. Name the Rules for vessels navigating in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 53 of 126

Q4. Name the publications to be carried on board Malaysia – flag vessels transiting the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Q5. Name the items to be marked on the navigational charts
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Q6. Name the main criteria in determining the margins of safety
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 54 of 126

Choose the correct statements only

1. The electronic version of all nautical publications must be issued by an
administration, authorised hydrographic organisation, or other relevant approved
organisation;

2.The electronic version of all nautical publications must be readily accessible to the
Officer of the Watch without any limitations, by the use of a dedicated computer
located on the bridge which is available at all times for the storage and retrieval of
information and which is connected to the ship’s main and emergency power
supplies

3.The electronic version of all nautical publications must be provided with adequate
back up in the event the primary electronic format becomes inaccessible. For back
up, the digital publications may be installed on a second computer or in suitable
digital format (e.g. through portable mass storage device, compact disc etc) from
which the information can be made available to the Officer of the Watch within five
(5) minutes, or as upto-date paper print-outs of the relevant nautical publications.
Where a second computer is used as the back up arrangement, it shall be
connected to ship’s main and emergency power supplies.

4.All computer software and hardware used for accessing official electronic nautical
publications shall comply with the recommendations of the International
Maritime Organization MSC/Circ.891 - Guidelines for the onboard use and
application of computers.

5.All electronic nautical publications and their automatic updates shall be provided
with a time stamp to indicate the status of their latest edition/update. Guidelines for
maintaining a regular and efficient system for correcting all electronic nautical
publications must be provided on board and be followed. Operational guidelines for
using the digital system and viewing of the publications shall be available on board
and made known to the officers concerned.

6.In accordance with Regulation 27 of Chapter IV of SOLAS 74, as amended,
nautical publications such as sailing directions, lists of lights, lists of radio
signals, tide tables and all other nautical publications necessary for the intended
voyage, must be adequate and up-to-date. Electronic versions of nautical
publications stated above may be carried on board as an alternative to hard copy
nautical publications.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 55 of 126

Malaysia Maritime Academy
A1MATE Coastal Navigation
Week 1 exercise

Circle the correct answers only.

Q1. Malaysia Tide Table (MTT) is published by the Malaysia Marine Department (MARDEP).

TRUE FALSE

Q2. The master of each vessel will decide the best search pattern to be adopted in a particular

situation. TRUE FALSE

03. IAMSAR volume I, II and III are mandatory to be carried on all vessels on international

voyages. TRUE FALSE

04. MRCC for Malaysia is Putrajaya whilst the MRSC are Johor Bahru, Kuantan, Langkawi,

Kota Kinabalu and Kuching.

TRUE FALSE

05. The information regarding STRAITREP is available inside the Annual Notices to Mariners

published by the RMN. TRUE FALSE

06. The Rules for vessels navigating in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore are available inside

the Annual Notices to Mariners published by the RMN.

TRUE FALSE

07. “Blind pilotage” is to solely navigate in restricted visibility using radar. It is one of the

changes / amendments made in STCW 1978.

TRUE FALSE

08. Aids to navigation (AToN) include the use of lighthouses, buoys and beacons to ensure safety

of navigation. TRUE FALSE

09. In a pilotage district, the conduct of navigation is solely at the discretion of the licensed pilot.

The master and duty officers need to assist the pilot in order to ensure safety of navigation.

TRUE FALSE

10. International Ice Patrol (IIP) is a service provided by the US Coast Guard to ensure safety of

vessels in the Atlantic during winter season i.e. October to January, each year.

TRUE FALSE

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 56 of 126

11. Information regarding the International Ice Patrol (IIP) is available in ALRS volume 3.

TRUE FALSE

12. As per SOLAS Chapter V, if two sets of radar are in operation simultaneously; one of them

shall be used for navigation and the other set for collision avoidance.

TRUE FALSE

13. Mandatory reporting systems are available in ALRS volume 6.

TRUE FALSE

14. As per SOLAS Chapter V, if two sets of radar are in operation simultaneously; one of them

shall be head-up and the other north-up display.

TRUE FALSE

15. Information regarding Search and Rescue Region (SRR) is available in ALRS volume 3.

TRUE FALSE

16. Expanding square search (SS) pattern is used in areas / situations where multiple surface

search crafts are available on scene.

TRUE FALSE

17. As per SOLAS Chapter V, if two sets of radar are in operation simultaneously; one of them

shall be on short and the other long range scale.

TRUE FALSE

18. As per SOLAS Chapter V, at least one set of radar to be in operation whenever vessel is doing

coastal navigation. TRUE FALSE

19. Vessels equipped with the latest technologies such as ECDIS, AIS etc. may keep watch at sea

without the need of a lookout, at night; except during coasting.

TRUE FALSE

20. Bridge Resource Management (BRM) is not mandatory for vessels navigating in near-coastal

voyages. TRUE FALSE

21. As per SOLAS Chapter V, the guidelines for helicopter operations during pilotage are

available in the one of the Assembly resolutions.

TRUE FALSE

22. Container vessel at 16 metre draft is considered as a deep-draught vessel as per the Rules

for vessels navigating in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

TRUE FALSE

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 57 of 126

23. Weather routeing services are to meet the legal obligations under SOLAS Chapter V.

TRUE FALSE

24. BA charts 5024 and 5025 (Mariners routeing guide) provide information regarding

mandatory reporting scheme in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

TRUE FALSE

25. The tables regarding TRS’s seasons, are available in NP 100 and NP 136.

TRUE FALSE

26. As per the Rules for vessels navigating in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, a 20 000 TEUs

container vessel is allowed to proceed at 25 knots except at these locations:

At One Fathom Bank

DW routes in Selat Phillips and Singapore Strait

West-bound lane off Raffles lt.

TRUE FALSE

27. The need to proceed at speed of 12.0 knots over the ground in the Straits of Malacca and

Singapore, applies to all vessels.

TRUE FALSE

28. As per STRAIREP, there are 6 sectors in the mandatory reporting scheme in the Straits of

Malacca and Singapore.

TRUE FALSE

29. BA charts 5024 and 5025 (Mariners routeing guide) provide partials information regarding

the Rules for vessels navigating in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

TRUE FALSE

30. As per the Rules for vessels navigating in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, all vessels are

advised to broadcast, 8 hours before entering the TSS, navigation information and time

passing One Fathom Bank, Raffles lighthouse and Horsburgh lighthouse.

TRUE FALSE

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 58 of 126

Malaysia Maritime Academy

A1MATE Coastal Navigation

Week 2

Which of the following statement/s can be considered as poor navigational practices hence lead to
non-conformances / deficiencies.

01. The safety management system of a ship fitted with ECDIS provided detailed instructions for
passage planning and route monitoring using paper charts, but it did not mention whether
ECDIS is the primary means of navigation.

02. Ship’s navigating officers unable to demonstrate calculation of compass error by taking
bearings of the sun or other celestial bodies.

03. Passage planning is often being carried out on ECDIS using only small scale ENC and no route
checking is being carried out.

04. The inability of ships’ navigating officers to perform basic squat and under keel clearance
calculations to determine safety depths and inappropriate setup of safety setttings.

05. Complete reliance on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as the sole source of
positioning information and no use of alternative methods to verify the ship’s position, even
on coastal voyages when in sight of land.

06. Ineffective voyage planning;failure to observe the requirements of designated shipping
areas, areas to be avoided and traffic separation schemes.

07. Use of inappropriate, uncorrected and/or outdated nautical charts including ENCs.

08. Use of unofficial and small-scale charts that are inconsistent with SOLAS regulations V/27
and 34.1 as well as resolution A.893(21).

09. Disabling of ECDIS audible alarms or not ensuring the ECDIS audible alarm is operational at
the commencement of a voyage.

10. Limited understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the electronic navigation
equipment being used and the nature of the information provided on displays.

Adapted from Riskwatch by Britannia P & I August 2016

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 59 of 126

Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation
Exercise 5 - Passage planning exercise

Factors leading to navigational accidents:

1. Lacked of equipment manufacturers’ technical manual on board hence
compromised the engineer’s ability to competently operate and maintain the
ship’s critical systems.

2. The switchboard was not operated in accordance with the equipment
manufacturer’s instructions.

3. The composition of the bridge team was not in accordance with international
regulations and local requirements.

4. When the ship blacked out, the master became cognitively overloaded and
lost situational awareness because the bridge team was under resourced.

5. The voyage was not appraised, planned, executed and monitored in
accordance with SOLAS requirements.

6. Neither the ship nor the crew was adequately prepared for entering port, and
the crew was not ready to respond to the machinery failure.

7. Inadequate oversight and management of the ship’s operations by the
company had allowed non-compliant navigational practices to become routine
on board.

8. Critical equipment and systems were not tested and maintained in
accordance with the requirements of the ISM Code.

9. The track routinely used by vessel combined with the vessel’s lack of
appropriate preparations meant her approaches and entry to the port were
unsafe and unnecessarily endangered the ship, her crew and the
environment.

10. The SMS was generic in nature and did not accurately reflect the working
practices required of the crew by the company, or the machinery and
equipment fitted on board the vessel.

11. The general reluctance to take corrective actions to address points raised in
audit observations, and react only to formal non-conformity notes, indicates a
weak safety culture existed within the company.

Clonlee MAIB Report – blackout during entering
the breakwater March 2011

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 60 of 126

Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation
Exercise 6 : Putting training into practice

Which of the following statements can be considered as, good attitude:
01. Alternative ideas are never asked for
02. Views or opinions of others in the team are ignored
03. Plans are reconsidered if conditions changes or when problems occur
04. Aggressive arguments
05. Assistance is sought if required
06. Balanced discussions of options is discussed with relevant team members
07. Same approach to every situation
08. Inability to make decisions under pressure
09. There is evidence of a contingency plan
10. People are decisive and make decision in a timely manner
Excerpts from Navigation Assessment (2016), Nautical Institute

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 61 of 126

Wash damage UKPANDI Oct 2017

This partly laden tanker was proceeding inbound along a narrow river channel
with a pilot on board. The transit was taking place in the early morning hours on
a flood tide. Shortly before entering a stretch of the channel with occupied river
berths, the pilot ordered the vessel’s speed to be reduced from full ahead to half
ahead. After passing the berths, the speed was again increased to full ahead.
Later that day, the tanker’s Master received notice that his vessel was alleged to
have caused wash damage to a bulk carrier alongside one of the river berths due
to proceeding at excessive speed. The damage included the destruction of the
accommodation ladder and the parting of a number of mooring ropes due to the
bulk carrier ranging forward and aft when the tanker was passing.

Analysis

It was determined that the tanker’s speed at the time of passing the berths was
about 9.5 knots whereas port regulations imposed a speed limit of 7 knots in this
stretch of the river. Although the tanker was proceeding along the middle of the
channel, its relative narrowness meant that vessels alongside the river berths
could potentially be affected by the wash of other vessels passing at excessive
speed. The engine revolutions could have been reduced earlier to comply with
the regulatory speed limit thus lessening the wave disturbance generated by the
vessel’s movement. Although the pilot stated concern that a lower speed could
adversely affect manoeuvrability as the vessel was trimming by the head due to
squat, the effect of such interaction with the ground would decline with a
reduction in speed.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 62 of 126

Lessons Learnt

Passage planning in confined waters should take into account both safe speed
and compliance with regulatory speed limits. The speed of the vessel should be
closely monitored and adjusted as required.

Areas where speed limits are critical should be identified and discussed during
the Master/Pilot information exchange.

Good bridge resource management would require any potential non-compliance
with speed limits to be brought to the attention of the master and/or pilot.

Necessary reductions in speed should be made gradually and in good time as
circumstances allow.

Master, officers and pilots should be fully aware of the effects of interaction on
draft, manoeuvrability and wave generation in restricted waters.

Vessels berthed alongside river/channel berths should ensure that moorings are
frequently tended and not allowed to become slack.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 63 of 126

Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation
Exercise 1g constant radius turn

01. Prove that P = R( 1 – cos θ°) + F sin θ°
F is due to inertia ( about 0.1 to 0.2 nm)

P

R
θ°

02. Find the value of Ps if the turn radius is:
0.5 nm,1.0 nm and 2.0 nm (the change in heading is 30) use F = 0.1’

03. Find the wheel over position using constant radius technique if R = 1.0 nm
Use F = 0.1’

030°T 120°T
R

Given: Page 64 of 126
the rate of turn 20°/m
speed 10 kn

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH

Radius of turn (nm) = 57.3° x V
60 x Rate of turn

where V= Ship’s speed over ground, in knots and,
R= Radius of the turn in nautical miles.
I hr = 60’
Rate of turn = degrees / min

Q4. Find P (if F = 0.1’ and R = 0.48’ and  = 90°)

Q5. Find P (if F = 0.1’ and R = 0.48’ and  = 150°)

Q6. Find P (if F = 0.1’ and R = 0.48’ and  = 180°)

Q7. Given:

the rate of turn 15°/min speed 15 kn

Find the turn radius (R) off Raffles island.

Q8. Given:
the rate of turn 30°/min speed 15 kn
Find the turn radius (R) off N Nipa bn.

Q9. B.A 4039
270°T

Based on Q7 & 8, marks the Ps for these courses
Use F = 0.1 nm

296°T

232°T

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 65 of 126

Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation
Passage planning exercise 1h

B.A 4038 Johor strait western part

Tg.Pial lt

0.38’

296°T x 1.95

1.90’ 3.0’

015°T
x 2.37’

WP +

277°T

Q1. Off western boarding ground i.e. 277°T and 015°T to the pilot station.

Use 0.4 nm (refer to diagram 7.13) as turn radius
Allow 0.3 nm as the safety margins on each side
Max speed 15 knots and draft 16 m.
Monitoring turn by radar

i) Plot the P.I on the plotting sheet given ( head-up displays)

Q2. Refer to Cula Is.
You are required to maintain a distance of 1.8 nm off Cula Is. How much will the
sextant angle be if the IE is 2.0’ on the arc?

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 66 of 126

Exercise 8 passage planning – wind effect

Q1 Approximate wind force (tonnes) = v²/18
(for each 1000m²) v is in m/s

For 300m ship with 6m freeboard and force 6 wind = 25 knots
(accomodation is another 800m²)

Approximate wind force (tonnes) = ?

Q2 Approximate wind force in Tonnes per 1 000m²
F = v²/18 ; if wind is 25 and 50 knots
= ??????????????

Q3 Wind pressure = 0.9/6 x (Vw)² N/m²
Vw = wind speed in knots

Wind speed 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(knots)

Wind pressure
(N/m²) ?

Q4 if wind = 25 and 50 knots
Wind pressure = 0.9/6 x (Vw)² N/m²
= ?????????????

10 N is about 1Kg-force
1 000Kg = 1T force = 10 000N
for 1 000m² total pressure in N if wind = 25 and 50 knots
Wind pressure = 0.9/6 x (Vw)² N/m² x 1000

= ??????????? N

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 67 of 126

Then convert it into Tonnes 8m
for 1 000m² convert into Tonnes if wind = 25 and 50 knots 2.5m

Wind pressure = 0.9/6 x (Vw)² N/m²
= ???????????? T

Q5 Based on wind pressure in Q3, what are lateral forces?
85m

100m
16m

12m

Q6

Wind pressure = 0.9/6 x (Vw)² N/m²

Vw = in knots

Total side area = ????????? m²

Wind speed

(knots) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Wind pressure ??????

(N/m²)

Frontal force (kN) ?????????

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 68 of 126

Passage planning – bollard pull

01. Fw = 0.08 V² AL kgf Fw = lateral force due to wind

V = wind velocity in m/s
AL = longitudinal wind area in m²

Fc = 40V² LBP T kgf Fc = transverse force due to current

(only valid for deep water i.e. six times ship’s draft)

V = current velocity in m/s
T = draft

Transverse force = lateral force

With ukc decreased to 1.5 x ship’s draft
Fc = 110V² LBP T kgf

With an ukc of 20% of the ship’s draft
Fc = 150V² LBP T kgf

With an ukc of 10% of the ship’s draft
Fc = 185V² LBP T kgf

100HP is about 1.1T force
100kW is about 1.5T force
i.e. 1kW = 1.359HP

or 1T force = 90.9 HP = 66.7 kW

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 69 of 126

Passage planning – the use of tug

Q1 A 250 000 dwt ballasted tanker
LOA 340m b 38m draft 9m
Displacement 124 000T to go alongside at open jetty at an initial speed of 0.5kn
(0.25m/s)
The total tug power required to stop the ship in 30m is approximately………………………

Q2 A 250 000 dwt loaded tanker
LOA 340m b 38m draft 20.4m
Displacement 300 000T to go alongside at open jetty at an initial speed of 0.5kn
(0.25m/s)
The total tug power required to stop the ship in 30m is approximately………………………

Q3.A container vessel
LOA 294m b 32.2m draft 12.2m
Displacement 80 000T to go alongside at solid jetty at an initial speed of 0.5kn
(0.25m/s)
The total tug power required to stop the ship in 30m is approximately………………………

For open berths 0.09 D x V² / S tons Page 70 of 126
For solid berths 0.07 D x V² / S tons

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH

Q4.Container ship LOA 294m LBP 281m
Beam 32m draught 12.5m water depth 13.8m
Top of containers to waterline = 22m
Onshore winds at right angles to the berth
Wind speed 30knots (7 Bf)
Cross current 0.5kn
Short period of waves of 0.5m height coming perpendicular to the berth
The total bollard pull required =?

Q5. If vessel is equipped with a bow thruster of 2 500HP (1 840kW) the force provided
= ???? (27.5T / 27.6T)

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 71 of 126

Exercise 9 Write about the followings:
 “margins of safety” …………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………….………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

 no go areas …………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

 abort point ……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……….…………………………………………………………………………………
…….……………………………………………………………………………………..

 high risk situations
...……………………………………………………………………..
……….…………………………………………………………………………………
…….……………………………………………………………………………………

 Define NAABSA and nautical bottom
………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
.…………………………………………………………………………………………

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 72 of 126

 Passage plan ………………………………………………….………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
.…………………………………………………………………………………………

 Bridge Team Management ………………….………………………………………
…….…………………………………………………………………………………....
...........................………………………………………………………………………

 Main causes of casualties are ….…………………………………………………
……..……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………………………

 Main causes of grounding are ……………………………………………………
…………….…………………………………………………………………………....
.………………………………………………………………………………………..
.………………………………………………………………………………………….

 An efficient bridge organization are:………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………...

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 73 of 126

 The need for effective planning includes …………………………………………
….……………………………………………………………………………………....
…..……………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………

 Situational awareness means ……………..………………………………………
….……………………………………………………………………………………....
..……………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………

 Error chains mean …………………………………………………………………
……………….………………………………………………………………………....
…..…………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….………...

 Bridge Resource Management ……………………………………………………
…….…………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
….………………………………………………………………………………………..
…..………………………………………………………………………………………..

.………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 74 of 126

• Among the factors affecting UKC are:
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………

• Squat is not appreciable unless depth of water is less than
………………………. the draft and increases significantly when less than
………………………………..

• Available width of channel is less than ………….the maximum breadth of
vessel = confined waters

• An estimate of the squat effect (S) in metres is:
• S = Cb x V² / 100 (for open waters)

or
• S = Cb x V² / 50 (for confined waters)

Cb = block co-efficient
V = ship speed in knots
• Reducing the speed will greatly ………………………………………the squat
effect
• What are the signs that vessel is experiencing squat effect ?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
……
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
……

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 75 of 126

 Factors affecting actual “controlling depth” on the passage include:
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 effects of ………………………………………………………………………………
 effects of ………………………………………………………………………………
 effects of ………………………………………………………………………………
 effects of ………………………………………………………………………………
 effects of ………………………………………………………………………………
 effects of ………………………………………………………………………………

• Factors affecting the deepest navigational draught include:
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………

• Careful evaluation of these two factors would assist the mariner in reaching a
decision on a safe UKC

• i.e. actual “controlling depth” and deepest navigational draught

• The actual controlling depth must be more than the vessel’s deepest
navigational draught

• The difference between controlling and deepest draft is ………………………

• UKC is addressed during ……………………………… stages of passage
planning

• When planning a passage, it is important to consider the safe UKC (or
minimum UKC)

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 76 of 126

• UKC is the …………………………………………………… that is allowed in
order to ensure vessel does not touch bottom

• Factors taken into consideration when deciding the limiting danger lines
(LDL):

 …………………………………………………………………………………………..
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 However it is a matter of judgement

 For 300 m ship with 6 m freeboard and force 5 wind
 Approximate wind force(tonnes) = ?

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 77 of 126

 As a navigation auditor, what will you check on:
 Magnetic compass …………………………………………………………………

…….……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
 Off-course alarm ……………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Deck log book and bell book ...……………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………
.………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Master’s standing orders ……………………………………………………………
…….……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
 Relevant bridge logs …………………………………………………………………
……….…………………………………………………………………………………
…..…………………………………………………………………………………….
 Posters on the bridge ………………………………………………………………
……………….…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...
 Charts being used ……………………………………………………………………
……..……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 78 of 126

Samples of manoeuvring RPM ( all large container vessels)

Full sea speed Vessel A Vessel B Vessel C Vessel D
Full manoeuvring RPM kn RPM kn RPM kn RPM kn
Half ahead 92 24.8 106 27.7 120 25.6 100 24
Slow ahead 75 20.2 53 14.5 78 10.7 50 11.5
Dead slow ahead 50 13.4 44 12.0 66 16.7 45 10.0
33 8.8 33 9.5 54 13.3 35 7.5
21 5.3 25 7.1 36 8.7 30 6.0

George Lang – over the limit?

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 79 of 126

Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation A1MC (P1)
Tide Exercise 1 - Standard port (ATT. Vol 1 & 3 5 )

LG p94 Q16
ATT Vol.3 2014
Q1. Find the height of tide at Port Kelang on 14th. Nov 2014 at 0500 hours.

Q2. Find the times (in the morning) when the height of tide is 3.0m at Port Kelang
on 18th. Nov 2014.

LG p96 Q16
ATT Vol.1 2014
Q3. Find the height of tide at Le Havre on 17th.Nov 2014 at 0900 hours.

Q4. Find the actual height of a lighthouse with a charted height (elevation) of
100m near Le Havre on 17 Nov 2014 at 0900 hours.

Q5. Find the actual clearance under the bridge (vertical clearance 100m) near Le
Havre on 17 Nov 2014 at 0900 hours. Given HAT = 8.4m

LG p97 Q16
ATT Vol.1 2015 (standard port)
Q6. Find the actual depth over a shoal marked dries “1.0m” near Avonmouth on

19 May 2015 at 0600 hours.

Q7. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross below the bridge (charted clearance = 47m) with a minimum clearance
of 7.0m between the mast and the bridge.

Find the earliest possible time in the afternoon of 15th.May 2015 at
Avonmouth for the vessel to cross the bridge.

Q8. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross below the bridge (charted clearance = 47m)

What is the clearance under the bridge if the crossing is done during morning HW on
15th.May 2015 at Avonmouth.

Q9. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross a shallow patch of 10m (under-keel clearance required = 4.0m)

What is the earliest time to cross the shallow patch in the morning at Avonmouth on
15th.May 2015.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 80 of 126

Q10.

Southampton 19 Jan 0305 hours 1.1m
0956 hours 4.5m
1532 hours 0.8m
2220 hours 4.5m

20 Jan 0355 hours 0.8m
1032 hours 4.7m
1620 hours 0.5m
2257 hours 4.7m

21 Jan 0442 hours 0.5m
1112 hours 4.9m
1706 hours 0.2m
2338 hours 4.8m

22 Jan 0527 hours 0.4m
1155 hours 4.9m
1750 hours 0.1m

23 Jan 0022 hours 4.8m
0612 hours 0.4m
1240 hours 4.9m
1834 hours 0.2m

24 Jan 0109 hours 4.8m
0655 hours 0.4m
1327 hours 4.8m
1917 hours 0.4m

25 Jan 0159 hours 4.7m
0740 hours 0.7m
1419 hours 4.6m
2003 hours 0.7m

Find the height of tide at Southampton on 21st. Jan 2015 at 1900 hours.

Q11. A vessel with a draft of 10 m and the height of mast 60 m above the keel wanted to
cross a shallow patch of 10 m (under-keel clearance required = 4.0 m)

What is the latest time to cross the shallow patch in the afternoon at Southampton on
21st. Jan 2015.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 81 of 126

Check NP 5011 edition 2011 page ………………………..

Check NP 100 page 205
Check Nav Basic pp 144 – 145

height plane of light actual
elevation = charted height height
MHHW \ MHWS
CD Table V
Height of tide

Figure 1

Bridge

Charted clearance actual clearance a=?
= 37m 36m
HAT
Draft 14m
Check at table V Height of tide

CD Figure 2

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 82 of 126

Test

Colombo (time zone - 0530 )

Sat 6 Feb 2016

HW LW HW LW
18:55
00:48 07:38 13:27 0.2 m

0.7 m 0.2 m 0.5 m

Sun 7 Feb 2016

HW LW HW LW
14:01 19:35
01:28 08:04 0.6 m 0.1 m

0.7 m 0.2 m

Part II MHW MLW MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
4428 Colombo (hours) (hours) 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1
(Standard port)
- 0805 - 0800 +0.3 +0.2 +0.4 +0.3
Zone - 0700
Sibolga (4820)

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

Jan Feb March

4428 + 0.1 0.0 0.0
4809 – 4839 0.0 - 0.1 - 0.1
+ 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.2
4848

Standard COLOMBO (4428)
Secondary Sibolga (4820)

Q1. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60 m above the keel wanted to
cross below the bridge (charted clearance = 47 m) with a minimum clearance
of 1.1 m between the mast and the bridge.

Find the latest time in the morning of 7th.February 2016 at Sibolga (4820) for the
vessel to cross the bridge.

From Table V, HAT = 14.7 m

Q2. A vessel with a draft of 10.6m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross a shoal (charted depth = 11m) with a minimum clearance of 1.0m.

Find the earliest time in the morning of 7th.February 2016 at Sibolga (4820) for
the vessel to cross the shoal.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 83 of 126

Q3. A vessel with a draft of 10.6 m and the height of mast 60 m above the keel wanted
to cross a shoal (charted depth = 11 m) with a minimum clearance of 1.0 m

Find the latest time in the evening of 6th.February 2016 at Sibolga ( 4820) for the
vessel to cross the shoal.

Q4a.
Find the latest time to pass over a shoal (clearance required 3.0 m,draft 16.0 m, charted
depth 9 m) off Newport (515) in the evening of 13th.Jan 2016.

Avonmouth (Time zone = UT)

13 Jan 2016

0344 0920 1607 2142
13.1 m
1.5 m 13.4 m 1.3 m

14 Jan 2016

0418 1001 1641 2223
1.4 m 12.9 m
1.5 m 13.2 m

Part II – height differences MLWN MLWS
MHWS MHWN 3.8 1.0
13.2 9.8 -0.6 - 0.6
-1.1 -0.9

HW LW

0600 1100 0300 0800
and and and and
1800 2300 1500 2000

-0015 -0015 0000 -0020

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

513a – 534 Dec Jan Feb
+ 0.1 0.0 0.0

Standard Port: AVONMOUTH (523)
Secondary Port: Newport (515)

LG p10 Bonus
Easytide – PKL, Avonmouth & Le Havre
13 – 17 June 2016

(secondary port)

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 84 of 126

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

513a – 534 May June July
- 0.1 - 0.1 0.0

Standard Port: AVONMOUTH (523)
Secondary Port: Newport (515)

From Part II (time zone = GMT)

MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
1.0
13.2 9.8 3.8

-1.1 -0.9 -0.6 -0.6

HW LW

0600 1100 0300 0800
and and and and
1800 2300 1500 2000

-0015 -0015 0000 -0020

Q4b.
Find the latest time to pass over a shoal (clearance required 3.0 m,draft 16.0 m, charted
depth 14 m) off Newport (515) in the evening of 15th.June 2016.

Avonmouth 15 June 2016

HW LW HW LW
1525 2133
0253 0856 10.3 m 3.2 m

10.2 m 3.3 m LW
2242
Avonmouth 16 June 2016 2.6 m

HW LW HW
1620
0350 1007 10.9 m

10.6 m 2.9 m

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 85 of 126

Q5a.
Find the latest time to pass under a bridge (clearance required 3.0 m,draft 14.0 m, air draft
30 m, charted clearance 31 m) off Heurteauville (1587a) on the 16th.Jan 2016 (morning).

Le Havre LW HW LW
15 Jan 2016 0910 1332 2130
HW 1.7 m 7.7 m 1.6 m
0245
7.7 m

16 Jan 2016 LW LW HW
HW 0953 1438 2214
0332 2.0 m 7.4 m 2.0 m
7.5 m

From table ‘V’ HAT = 8.4 m
MHWS = 7.9 m

From Part II

MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS

LE HAVRE (1582) 7.9 6.6 2.8 1.2
+1.1 + 2.7
Heurteauville (1587a) -0.5 -0.2

HW LW

0000 0500 0000 0700
and and and and
1200 1700 1200 1900

+0110 +0025 +0310 +0330

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

Dec Jan Feb
+0.1 0.0 0.0
1581b – 1595a

Standard Port: LE HAVRE (1582)
Secondary Port: Heurteauville (1587a)

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 86 of 126

Le Havre (Time zone – 0100)

15 June 2016

LW HW LW HW
1917
0106 0641 1334 6.8 m

2.9 m 6.5 m 2.8 m

16 June 2016

LW HW LW HW
1438 2214
0210 0738 2.6 m 7.0 m

2.8 m 6.7 m

From table ‘V’ HAT = 8.4 m
MHWS = 7.9 m

From Part II (time zone = - 0100) MLWN MLWS
MHWS MHWN

Le HAVRE (1582) 7.9 6.6 2.8 1.2
+1.1 + 2.7
Heurteauville (1587a) -0.5 -0.2

MHWS @Heurteauville =
HAT @ Heurteauville = 7.9 m

HW LW

0000 0500 0000 0700
and and and and
1200 1700 1200 1900

+0110 +0025 +0310 +0330

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

1581b – 1595a May June July
- 0.1 0.0 0.0

Standard Port: LE HAVRE (1582)
Secondary Port: Heurteauville (1587a)

Q5b.
Find the latest time to pass under a bridge (clearance required 3.1 m,draft 14.0 m, air draft
30 m, charted clearance 31 m) off Heurteauville (1587a) on the
16th.June 2016 (morning).

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 87 of 126

Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation
Tide Exercise 4 - Standard port (MTT. 2020)

1. Find the height of tide at 1900 hours on 12th. February 2020 at Port Dickson (4695)

2. Find the depth of water over a position with charted depth of 15m at noon on
4th. August 2020 at Kuala Linggi, Melaka.

Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation
Tide Exercise 4b – Secondary port (MTT. 2020)

1. Find the height of tide at 1700 hours on 12th. August 2020 at Cape Rachado(4696)

2. Find the height of tide at 2100 hours on 06th. June 2020 at Pulau Angsa (4684)

MTT 2021
1. Find the height of tide at 1700 hours on 05th.May 2021 at Port Dickson (4695)

05/05 1846 hrs 0.9 m
06/05 0159 hrs 1.9 m
0820 hrs 1.3 m
1353 hrs 1.8 m
2120 hrs 0.9 m
0343 hrs
2.0 m

2. Find the depth of water over a position with charted depth of 15 m at noon on
6th. June 2021 at Kuala Linggi, Melaka.

2321 0.6 m
6/6 0459 1.6 m
0.7 m
1053 2.0 m
1706 0.6 m
7/6 0011

Secondary Port
Q1. Find the height of tide at 1700 hours on 5th.May 2021 at Cape Rachado

(4696)

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 88 of 126

Constituent (of the tide)

The tidal curve can be considered as being composed of a number of cosine curves, having
different speeds, phase-lags and amplitudes, the speed being determined from astronomical
theory and the phase-lags and amplitudes being determined from observation and analysis.
These cosine curves are known as constituents of the tide.
Admiralty Tidal handbook NP 122 (1)

M2 the principal lunar semidiurnal constituent, with speed = 28.984° per mean
solar hour

S2 the principal solar semidiurnal constituent, with speed = 30.000° per mean
solar hour

K1 the luni-solar declinational constituent, with speed = 15.041° per mean solar
hour

O1 a lunar diurnal constituent, with speed = 13.399° per mean solar hour

Some 400 Harmonic Constituents have been identified but in practice it is unnecessary to
use so many.

Up to 160 Harmonic Constituents are used for major Standard Ports and 36 for Secondary
Ports.

MoN page 10-19

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 89 of 126

MTT 2015 p 170

For semi-diurnal ports
MHWS = Zo + M2 + S2
MLWS = Zo – (M2 + S2)

For diurnal ports
MHHW = Zo + M2 + K1 + O1
MLLW = Zo – (M2 + K1 + 01)

MTT 2015
When (K1 + O1)/(M2+S2) is less than or equal to 0.5, the tide is considered to be semi-
diurnal.

When (K1 + O1)/(M2+S2) is greater than 0.5, the tide is considered to be diurnal.

ATT Vol.3 2012 Page xiv
Criteria for diurnal and semi-diurnal tides.

When  (H of S2) is greater than 2 (H of K1 + H of 01) the tide is considered to be semi-
diurnal.

When  (H of S2) is less than 2 (H of K1 + H of 01) the tide is considered to be diurnal.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 90 of 126

STUDY GUIDE

(GUIDE STUDENTS THROUGH SEVERAL RECOMMENDED MATERIAL THAT HAS
BEEN LISTED ABOVE)

STUDENTS ARE ADVISED TO PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO FOLLOWING
REFERENCE MATERIAL LISTED UNDER “RECOMMENDED TEXTS, INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS, AND WEB-SITES” OVER AND ABOVE THE NOTES THAT WILL BE
PROVIDED DURING LECTURES.

Class participation is an important element of the course. The quality of participation, which
is a reflection of careful reading of cases, detailed quantitative analysis where necessary,
thoughtful reflection, and clear and concise comments, is extremely important. It is also
important to build on each other’s comments, which means attentive listening. Class
participation will be judged on the basis of quality and consistency of effort on a daily basis.
Attendance is not participation. Each student can ascertain the adequacy of his or her class
participation by occasional discussion with the instructor.

A guide to teaching and learning practices at FLU, p28

Please take good care of the charts provided. Avoid bringing it to class if it rains.
Based on Admiralty manual of navigation, the chart can be folded not more than
once.

Do not keep the parallel ruler inside your beg!

Accuracy required:
Position ± 0.2’ of arc
Course ± 0.5°
Speed ± 0.5 knots
Distance ± 0.5 nm
Set ± 5.0°

Tide calculation
Time ± 15 minute
Height ± 15 centimetre (cm)

50% of the marks allocated will be deducted for principle error.
Major errors; for example, extracting data for the wrong day or time from a
publication; deduct 30%
Clerical errors; for example, transposition of numbers from tables or question paper,
careless arithmetic; deduct 10%

1. NP 133A is used to log record of corrections on Admiralty paper chart.
Explain the entries made to the columns of chart, navigational warnings and T & P
notices. How to check for the latest edition of NP133A? Is it mandatory to carry this
publication on Malaysian-registered vessel? How to check for the corrections
affecting it? What are these corrections? What is NP 133C?

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 91 of 126

How do you record corrections affecting local charts? What is the system use to
manage all local charts?

How do you monitor changes on ARCS/ECDIS?
www.ukho.gov.uk on digital products.

Do we have digital publications on all ALRS? Why only volume 6? (However, since
week 13/2014 Admiralty Digital Publications (ADP) V14·1 includes Admiralty
Digital Radio Signals Volume 2 (ADRS2). 27/03/14) Since 2015, all volumes!

Check www.marine.gov.my MSN 64 2011 ACCEPTANCE OF THE USE OF DIGITAL
NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS ONBOARD SHIP

How do check for the corrections affecting your digital publications?

Does Malaysia allow vessel to carry digital publications? How about Singapore or

Australia? Shipping Circular 06/2012 last assessed 17.01.18

What is a chart datum? Refer to SN/Circ.213 31 May 2000 GUIDANCE ON CHART
DATUMS AND THE ACCURACY OF POSITIONS ON CHARTS

Refer to Seaways April 2014 p 27 Nav Maritime
Where are we on eNavigation?

What are the types of ships that will still use paper charts beyond 2018?

2. www.chartco.com or www.jms-inc.jp/system/images/LList.pdf on Digitrace

Electronic chart up-dates on internet / broadcast

Those who are familiar with this product are encouraged to express their views on it.
What are the advantages and the disadvantages with this service? How about
problems/ difficulties faced. Furthermore, Do the tracing still being supplied to
vessel?

3. Compare and contrast NTM published by these authorities,
www.charts.gc.ca/pw/en/products/default.asp for Canadian charts
www.notmar.gc.ca/document/eng/index for Canadian notices to mariners
www.linz.gov.nz/audiences/mariners/index.html for NZ notices
www.hydro.gov.au on Australian ANM. Check also on the cumulative list, is it dated
April each year?
www.naco.faa.gov US paper charts
www.nga.mil/maritime US notices to mariners
www.ocsdata.ncd.noaa.gov/nm/Listing.asp?Chart=12221 NOAA chart updates

Discover various producers of nautical charts and publications.

Check www.hydro.gov.my to obtain notices to mariners. How often can you receive
these notices? Is it weekly or monthly basis?

www.mpa.gov.sg on NTM; is it weekly or monthly basis?

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 92 of 126

4. www.marine.gov.my / notice/ index.html
Explain the types of notices issued by Malaysian Marine Department (MARDEP).
Brief on the following notices which are still valid and available on the site:

- Notice to mariners 39 / 1998 Rules for vessels navigating through the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore
(also available from www.mpa.gov.sg/circulars_and_notices/pdfs/pc06-20.pdf
Rules for vessels navigating through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore)

- NPM 12 / 1999 Ordinan Perkapalan Saudagar di atas kapal Malaysia
Requirement to keep rules under merchant Shipping Ordinance on board
Malaysian ships

- NMPM 14 / 1999 Notis-notis Jabatan Laut
Differentiate between NPM and NMPM
What is NMPM 01/2012 all about? How about NPM 01/2012?

- NMPM 21/2000 on BRM

- MSN 39 and 40/2010 deal with KM ships. What is the difference between these
notices?

- MSN 25/2008 Publications to be carried on board Malaysian registered vessels

- MSN 15/2009 Additional activities engaged by ship in Malaysian waters

- Port limits. Is there any such thing as OPL? Where is it mark on the chart?

Refer to NPM 3/2014 page 3 ….. within port limit

Examiners at Malaysian Marine Department (MARDEP) expect candidates to be
familiar with the layout of the web page and contents of these notices.

Are you familiar with P.U.(A) 105 2000 – Warta Kerajaan pertaining to Rules for
vessels navigating in straits of Malacca and Singapore?

www.federalgazette.agc.gov.my/bm_index.php Check item 19 p 20

- to download Malaysia’s Pemberitahu Undangan P.U.(A) or (B) for lantikan or

announcement

Refer to:

NTM 63/2008 is there any new port in Negeri Sembilan?
NTM 33/2009 DGNSS off Malaysia waters?
NTM 48(T)/2009 what is corrigendum?
NTM 06/2010 what is the depth of the approach channel to PKL? What is the name

of the leading light at this approach? What is it orientation?
How about its symbol?
NTM 12/2010 is it elevation or height? Check NTM12/2011 for Pulau Terumbu lt.

What is Malaysia Sailing Guide?

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 93 of 126

Annual Malaysian Notices to Mariners (NTM) 2021 www.hydro.gov.my
Notice No. 12 straits of Malacca and Singapore – rules for navigation and
Notice No. 13 on STRAITREP

Refer item 10 p11 on STRAITREP and item 20 p 21 on STRAITREP

Notice to Mariners (T) 40 / 1998, by Malaysia MARDEP regarding ship reporting
system in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.
www.marine.gov.my / notice/ index.html or

www.mpa.gov.sg/circulars_and_notices/Shipping/circulars/sc06-29.htm
What are the categories of ships required to participate in the system?
Check on its format, sectors and the vhf channels use.

It is common for MARDEP Port Kelang to ask questions pertaining to notices
published on their web particularly this (Notice to Mariners 40 / 1998), which is still
available.

SAFE PASSAGE - THE STRAITS OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE by BIMCO
Check on Cooperative Mechanism (www.cooperativemechanism.org.my)

5. Assembly resolution A.671 (16) 1989 Safety zones and safety of navigation around
offshore installations pp 289 - 292
Describe the precautions taken when navigating close to such a zone.

NP 100(2020) p 193 9.13 safety zones around installations

Resolution A.1046 (27) Adopted on 30 November 2011
Describe the precautions taken in ensuring the accuracy of positions in coastal
waters.

A. 893(21) 1999 on passage planning guidelines
A. 999 (25) 2007 on voyage planning for passenger ships operating in remote area

Assembly resolution A. 916 (22) 2001 Guidelines for the recording of events related
to navigation. pp 80 – 81 before commencement of voyage, during the voyage, on
special events and when ship is at anchor or in port

Refer item 26 p 22 on guidelines for Port of Refuge
Refer item 19 p18 on guidelines for reporting incidents involving harmful substances

IALA NAVGUIDE 2018 edition.
What is the difference between ocean and coastal navigation?

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 94 of 126

www.amsa.gov.au Check the summary of marine notices for year 2021. Focus only
on navigation issues off Australian waters.

AMSA Marine Notice 17/2014 sound navigational practices
AMSA Marine Notice 02/2019 responsible navigational practices
AMSA Marine Notice 16/2014 official nautical charts

AMSA Marine Notice 03/2015 Directions and refusal of access to Australian ports

06. Additional precautions when planning vessel passage through these areas:
- PSSA
- MEHRA off UK waters
- MSA off US waters
www.epa.gov.us on SOx and NOx emission control areas for US and Canadian
waters from 01 August 2011.

A.982 (24) revised guidelines for identification and designation of particularly
sensitive sea areas (PSSA) p 154 on definition of PSSA and p 158 on Associated
Protective Measures (APM)

Refer ANM 2021 – notice no.26
Marine environmental high risk areas (MEHRAs) What are these areas all about?

Marine Sanctuary Act (MSA) 1972

What is seasonal management area (SMA)? Why ship’s speed in this area is
restricted to only 10 knots?

How about Marine Protected Areas off Canadian waters?

Check “The Navigator” (Issue No. 3 June 2013) by Nautical Institute – passage
planning ; thinking ahead for a successful voyage

07. SOLAS consolidated edition 2020 chapter V refer also to item 23 p 22

- reg. 2.2 what is considered as nautical charts or nautical publications

(2001 amendment)

- Reg.27 requirements on nautical charts and publications

Will the authority accept scanned/photocopies charts?

We understand that ships programming may change, however the international,
national and local regulations that require a "Berth to Berth passage plan on the
relevant up to date chart" are mandatory.

In order to avoid delays if a ship presents itself for port pilotage and the relevant
charts are not held and/or passage plans have not been completed, it is advisable
that ship companies/masters/ships agents make arrangements to provide a vessel
with the up to date chart so that the passage plan and port entry can be adequately
prepared in advance of the pilot boarding.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 95 of 126

AMSA will ensure that non-compliance with these requirements will also be enforced
as a Port State Control issue and the non carriage of up to date charts is both a
SOLAS and ISM Deficiency/Detention for the vessel.

Is ‘berth to berth’ plan a requirement under STCW?

SOLAS consolidated edition 2020 chapter V
- reg. 4 on availability and transmission of navigational warnings
- reg. 9 on collection and compilation of hydrographic data and the publication,
dissemination and keeping up to date all nautical information necessary for safe
navigation.

Uncharted rocks: M.V British Enterprise & M.V Rocknes

SOLAS consolidated edition 2020 chapter V
- Reg.15 Principles relating to bridge design, design and arrangements of

navigational systems and equipment and bridge procedures.
- Reg.19.2.1.6 a receiver for global navigation satellite system or terrestrial radio

navigation system ….. to update position automatically
- Reg.24 precautions on the use of heading and/or track control and

www.mcanet.mcga.gov.uk/public/c4/solas/index.html

SOLAS consolidated edition 2020 chapter V
Reg. 26.6 emergency steering gears records,
Reg.28 records of navigational activities,
Reg.32 information required in danger messages &
Reg.33.1 distress message: obligation and procedures.

What are the entries required as per SOLAS chapter V?
How about the entry required as per Reg.II-I for passenger vessel?
www.mcanet.mcga.gov.uk/public/c4/solas/index.html

Check www.malaysialawbooks.com/shipping.htm on the latest edition of MSO
(Nov 2013)

Act 515 and Act 633 on MMEA

What is BNWAS? Refer to MSN 18/2010 & 17/2010 on LRIT.

Write the entries on reports made complying with SOLAS chapter V and XI-2 i.e. for
safety of navigation and security

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 96 of 126

08. Ship Inspection Report Programme (SIRE) 2020, OCIMF
Chapter 4 Navigation pp 29 – 42 on policies, procedures and documentation
Pay attention on the elements checked during the inspection.
www.ocimf.com_view_document.cfm-path=files_lib

Seafarers’ guide to vetting inspections (2015) pp 20 – 27 on Chapter 4

Tanker Management and Self Assessment (TMSA) 2017, OCIMF
Element 5 – Navigational safety
Explain on the stages, KPIs and best-practices

Items 07 – 08 will allow you to grasp the legal requirements and enable you to
entertain questions raised by inspectors especially during port State visits.

09. NP 44 Malacca Strait and West Coast of Sumatera pilot (2019), British Admiralty
Is there any supplement attached to this edition?

Read the explanatory notes at p vi, check the diagram at p xix – xx and p 66.

Check the approaches and the limiting conditions for the following ports:

- Pinang Port Kelang Sungai Udang Pasir Gudang

Refer p 192 on spring and neap ranges and p 193 regarding tidal streams in Port
Kelang
Refer p 18 and 23 to describe the current and tidal streams characteristics in
Malacca Strait.
Refer pp 2 – 4 on restricted areas, accuracy of charted depths and corrections

pertaining to local charts

Refer to page 85 on the distance table – Malacca and Singapore Straits.

Read about STRAITREP and the rules for vessel navigating in the strait.

Is NP 44 relevant to Malaysian ports located in the South China Sea?

Item 01 until 09 is on legal requirements and guidelines pertaining to passage
planning.

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 97 of 126

10. www.ukho.gov.uk/easytide

Electronic tidal prediction. Enjoy free access for all the ports in the world. Check it for

yourself.

Check the predictions for Port Kelang, Avonmouth & Le Havre for these dates:

11 January 2021 11 June 2021 09 Sept 2021

Item 11 until 13: more guidelines on passage planning

11. NP 100 Mariners Handbook (2020),
What are the precautions to be taken when passing through the following areas:
p 117 6.48 on sandwaves
p 110 6.25 on Tsunamis
p 101 6.17 on negative surges
p 389 on tide rips / overfall
p 370 on eddy

Check also the use of AIS in collision avoidance p 218 11.58
*refer item 25 p 24 on AIS

Admiralty Manual of Navigation p 12-34 on sandwaves

12. Admiralty manual of navigation (2019), Nautical Institute
p 7-15 planning symbols
p 8-14 the need to use the third bearing
p 12-6 all available sources of navigation and other information should always be
cross-checked
pp 12-10 until 12 - 13 on coastal passages
p 12-11 passage chart
p 12-28 the need to take 3 radar ranges
p 12-33 on wheel-over method

Were there any Master’s night orders on Astral? VTS called and asked officer to
check his position prior grounding. What is the difference between standing and night
orders?

13. Passage Planning Guide – Malacca and Singapore Straits (2021) by Witherbys

p 12 bridge manning level

p 14 the use of GPS
pp 18 – 22 background and guidance

Read on the use of checklists, engine readiness, areas of reduced speed, parallel
indexing, wheel over position, contingency plan and the condition of traffic.

Passage Planning Guide - Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait 2021 Edition
or

Passage Planning Guide – English Channel and Dover Strait (2021) 6th.Edition
by ICS on these MGNs:
MGN 324 the use of vhf and AIS Amendment 2016
MGN 364 navigation in TSS
MGN 369 navigation in restricted visibility
MGN 375 MSI
MGN 379 ENA

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 98 of 126

MSN 1817 consolidated European Reporting system (CERS)
MIN 380 New port state directive

Marine emergencies D.J.House (2014), Routledge - p 63 The anchor plan
Refer page 17 item 16 on anchoring

Pilotmag (by UKMPA) April 2012 p 3 on passage planning

NAVBasics (2009), Witherbys p195 on BRM errors
pp 198 - 199 on passage planning tasks

Check Industry Passage Plan by AMSA (June 2011) pp 18 – 20 on BRM and
Queensland coastal pilotage (2014) – safety issues by ATSB

M Notice 11.16 by AMSA on BRM

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 99 of 126

Bulk Jupiter – passage planning

Coastal Nav A1MATE 2021 09 /Capt.MH Page 100 of 126