Graphic novel(final)

Aunty, what I am winnowing the
are you doing rice grains.
with this
basket?

What is Winnowing is a process by which
winnowing? chaff is separated from the grains.

51

It is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind
or by blowing air with the help of a winnowing fan.

Oh! This is a winnowing
fan because it works like
a fan to remove the
lighter particles.

What are We plait coconut palm
these baskets bark strips.
made up of? Sometimes, we make
them with bamboo.

52

Amma, isn’t it
similar to the
plait that you
make for me
when I go to
school?

Aadhira, aren’t they
beautiful? We will
buy one to take back
with us as a souvenir.

53

A group of ladies is sitting on the ground in a shaded place
and is handpicking.

Look amma! They are separating
the stones and all the other
undesirable substances from
the rice! Isn’t this what we
talked about in the train?

Yes! Yes! Imagine what all you
would have been eating if we do
not handpick the stones and dirt
from the rice!

54

Oh! So, this process
is called handpicking
not filtration?

Of course! Filtration is
different! Filtration is used to
separate insoluble solid from
liquid whereas handpicking is
used to separate undesirable
solids from desirable solids.

55

Crossword Puzzle

Across
4. A homogeneous mixture of solute and
solvent
5. It is the clear liquid obtained after
filtration
6. A solution in which no more salt can be
dissolved
Down
1. It is the minor component of a solution
2. It is the major component of a solution
3. Method of separating tea leaves from
prepared tea

56
Answers on page 122

The family returns home from the farm.

I’ll start with the
preparations for
lunch.

I’ll help you!

Me too!

Okay, Aadhira
you lay the
plates, spoons,
etc. Chiranjeev,
you come with
me to the
kitchen.

57

First, let’s
make paneer.

Paneer, at home? Now you will see
Amma always buys it that it’s so
from the market. simple to make
at home.

58

To prepare paneer, we need to At times, curd
first boil the milk. Then, also.
add some lemon juice.

So, the milk
curdles. Right
nayanamma!

Oh! This is amazing,
nayanamma. Suppose,
we don’t have lemons
at home, can we use
anything else?

We can use
vinegar.

59

But, what is the need to
curdle the milk when it is
tasty as it is?

To make a tasty
milk product. And
paneer is not only
used for making
curries but also
many other
dishes.

Shubhra, please hold Shubhra Yes,
the muslin cloth. Subramanium Chiranjeev
holds the
Oh! But, muslin cloth Nayanamma,
Amma, isn’t while Laxmi I’ve laid all
this the pours the the plates,
filtration mixture of glasses and
method which paneer and the spoons.
nanna had whey. Both
explained in Chiranjeev
the train? and Aadhira
observe the
process.

60

So fast! Good girl! Shubhra Subramanium squeezes
the muslin cloth and whey is
filtered.

Yes, Oh! What
Nayanamma, is this
I’m faster than water
fast food. coming out
from this
This is not water. cloth?
It is called whey.

Will you throw No, no! It has a lot of
this away …… milk protein, vitamins
hmmm and minerals too ! We
……whey? will use this while
kneading the dough
for chapatis.

61

Nanna, Oh really!
nanna! There How?
is a filtration
process going
on in the
kitchen.

Nayanamma is making
cottage cheese using
filtration process.

Now, I can get it that you have
really understood the process. See,
Science is all around us. You need
not find it only in textbooks.

62

But nanna, you said Yes dear! But
that filtration sometimes,
separates undesirable both the filtrate
substances from and the residue
desirable substances. are useful.

And this is a
unique example of
separation of two
desirable
substances from
each other.

Shubhra, please sieve the flour
before kneading. I sometimes prefer
sieving it to remove the broken
edible seed coat i.e bran

Okay! I am
going back
to the
kitchen.

Subramaniam and
Rajgopalan
continue chatting.

63

Shubhra is taking out wheat flour from a large container.
Laxmi is making paneer curry.

Nayanamma, do you also use No, I have sieves
those big sieves that are used with fine mesh and I
for sieving the cement? But, always prefer
flour? Why do you want to sieving it to make
sieve flour? smooth chapatis.

Generally we should
not remove bran as
it is rich in fibre,
minerals and
vitamins.

64

Shubhra sieves the wheat flour and starts kneading it.

Aadhira, pour
the whey water
slowly as I knead
the dough.

The family has
lunch while
sitting on the
floor.

65

DISCOVER THE METHOD OF

SEPARATION Be a detective!

A. Mention the methods that can be
used for the separation of the
following mixtures:
a)Wheat, sugar and husk.
b)Mustard seeds, chickpeas and
stones.
c)Sand, black gram (urad) and husk.

B. The property used in separating a
mixture of two solids by winnowing is
a) difference in colour.
b) difference in size.
c) difference in weight.
d) attraction by magnet.

Answers on page 123

66

Next morning, Laxmi is seated in the verandah with an
earthen pot buttermilk churner while Aadhira enters
cheerfully and shows her drawing book to her nayanamma.

Oh! That’s really Yes nayanamma.
nice. I love the I love this
cute flower you flower, too! It’s
have made here. my favourite
out of all the
It is indeed ones that I
beautiful ! have made till
now.

I will go and
show it to
thataya also.

67

What are I am churning the
you doing cream to separate
with these out the butter.
ropes We can also make
nayanamma? it from curd.

Chiranjeev tries to churn the
cream just like his nayanamma.

Yes, sure!

Shall I
also try?

Nayanamma,
like this?

68

Oh! It’s so Laxmi separates the butter
fascinating. from the buttermilk in the
It’s like playing form of butter balls.
tug of war with
yourself.

Good! You
are doing it
even better
than me.

I will keep half of it as white
butter to eat with parathas
and the other half, I will heat
and convert into pure ghee.

Nayanamma, what
will you do with
such a large
amount of butter?

Now, I am
taking out the
buttermilk. Go
and serve it to
everyone inside.

69

Diwali is approaching. Laxmi along with Shubhra is busy
preparing sweets for Diwali. Laxmi is collecting
ingredients for sugar syrup.

Nayanamma, what Dear, I am preparing sugar syrup
are you doing? for gulab jamuns.

Wow! I love
gulab jamuns.
Can I help
you?

Sure, please stir Chiranjeev starts stirring the mixture
sugar in the water. of sugar and water.

Do you know Chiranjeev
the sugar that you are
mixing in water is
called a solute and
water in which you are
mixing the sugar
is called
solvent?

70

Aadhira is watching with astonishment.

Nayanamma, I have added more sugar
but now it is not dissolving in water and
the sugar is settling down. Now, how
will I mix it?

This has
now become
a saturated
solution.

What is a
saturated
solution,
amma?

Saturated solution
is a solution in
which no more
solute can be
dissolved in the
solution.

71

Laxmi puts the pan on the gas stove and heats it.

Chiranjeev and Now, I will
Aadhira, come show you some
and see now. magic.

After sometime, Laxmi asks Wow! Where
Chiranjeev to observe the sugar has the sugar
syrup. gone,
nayanamma?
The sugar has dissolved now because of
heating. Am I correct, nayanamma? Laxmi dips the gulab
jamuns in the sugar
Yes syrup.
dear!
We will relish
these gulab
jamuns after
Diwali puja.

72

The festival of lights, Diwali has come to light up
everyone’s heart. The Subramanium house is bustling with
activity. Shanthi and her daughter Aanandini have come to
help the family with the preparations.

Chiranjeev, remember the
paneer we made? We can make
some sweets using paneer too !

We can make
rasgulla, paneer
jalebi, payasam and
chena murki.

Oh, Wow
nayanamma!
I didn’t
know!

Shanthi and Shubhra are cleaning the house.
Aadhira and Aanandini are making beautiful flower
rangolis.

Why do we
make rangolis?

The rangoli
represents
happiness,
positivity
and
liveliness of
a household.
It is
intended to
welcome
Lakshmi, the
goddess of
wealth and
good luck.

73

After the preparations are done, in the evening, the
family comes together to celebrate the festival. Shubhra
hands over the gifts bought for the occasion to nanna and
amma.

Happy Diwali to all
of you!

Happy Diwali thataya
and nayanamma!

Happy Diwali
thataya and
nayanamma!

74

Observe and Identify

I. Identify the method of separation
shown in the following pictures:

AB

CD
II. The temperature of a saturated

solution of sugar in water is increased.
Which of the following statements is
true?
(a) It will continue to be saturated.
(b) It will become unsaturated.
(c) It will lose its sweetness.
(d) It can not be determined whether
the solution becomes unsaturated or
remains saturated.

75
Answers on page 123

A short visit to Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh by car.

Amma! Look at
these tall coconut
trees.

Wow! I wish I
could climb
them.

76

The family reaches Machilipatnam and the car is parked
near the beach

What a beautiful
place this is!

Amma, look Yes dear,
at these these are
small white salt hills.
hills!

Salt is harvested from solar evaporation ponds. These ponds
are shallow, artificial basins designed to extract salt from
seawater, salty lakes, or mineral-rich springs by natural
evaporation.

77

Children, sea water is Yes!As the
then collected in water dries
these pits and is up, salt is
allowed to evaporate. harvested by
raking.
So, the salt is
left behind.
Right!

Can I taste Raking, really!
it now? This sounds
interesting!

No... no..no.., it's still
impure. It will be
taken to the
factories for
purification and then
packed for
consumption.

78

Chiranjeev and
Aadhira, let me tell
you the story of
Salt Satyagraha.

Story of
salt?

Yes, Father of our nation, Mahatma Gandhi started a
movement called Dandi March, a Salt Satyagraha.

Nanna, please tell us
more about this
movement.

79

Aadhira, Dandi march was led by
Mahatma Gandhi to oppose the salt law
introduced by British rule.78 people
started the Salt Satyagraha on March
12, 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram at
Ahmedabad to Dandi situated on the
coast of Arabian Sea, Gujarat.

Oh! Such a great
history our country
has!

Dandi March! Naana, I remember
the Dandi march statue which we
saw on the way to the railway
station in Delhi from Gurugram.

80

You are a good observer, Aadhira! It is called
the 'Gyarah Murti' since the sculpture has a set
of eleven statues including Gandhiji.

It is a tribute to Gandhiji's
courageous Dandi March. It was
created by Devi Prasad Roy
Chowdhury, the famous sculptor.

81

It was raining when we were on the way back to
Sankaraguptam.

Weather has
become pleasant.

Amma, look at the Nanna, where does
trees! They are this rain come from?
looking so fresh.
Water from the water bodies
like sea, lakes, etc. It evaporates
to form water vapour.

82

This water vapour then
condenses to form
water droplets as it is
cooler up in the sky.

The clouds are actually
made up of these water
droplets. Right, amma!

Absolutely Chiranjeev! When
the clouds are not able to hold
these water droplets, they fall
down as rain, snow or hail by
the process of precipitation.

83

This rain water
then goes back to
the water bodies.

So, it moves like the WATER CYCLE
wheel of a
bicycle……round and
round and round.

Yes Aadhira, this circulation
of water from the earth to
the atmosphere as water
vapours and back to earth as
rain is known as water cycle.

84

MATCH ME

Column A Column B
(a) Handpicking
(i) Conversion of water vapour
into liquids

(b) Threshing (ii) Separating bran from flour
(c) Winnowing
(d) Sieving (iii) Separating larger size
impurities

(iv) Separating butter from milk

(e) Sedimentation (v) Conversion of water into its
vapour

(f) Evaporation (vi) Separating grains from its
stalks

(g) Condensation (vii) Settling of heavier
components at the bottom

(h) Churning (viii) Separation by wind or by
blowing air

Answers on page 124

85

The family reaches Sankaraguptam and is greeted by
Rajgopalan and Laxmi.

All must be
tired. Freshen
up. We will
prepare dinner
together.

Yes, nayanamma.

Shanthi, please wash the
moong dal for dosa.

Aunty, why are To
you rubbing the remove
dal while the dirt
washing? from
dal.
86

Is this a While rubbing
special the dal, the
technique? dirt and dust
particles
from the
grains of dal
mix in water.
The dal being
heavy settles
down in the
pan.

This is called sedimentation as This process of removal of
moong dal settles down at the water along with the dust is
bottom of the bowl and the water called decantation.
can be thrown away.

Nayanamma!
You are
really a good
teacher.

87

Aanandini grinds moong dal Shanthi prepares dosas
in the stone grinder. from the batter ground by
Aanandini.

Alum (Phitkari) is a chemical
which is used to speeden up
the process of sedimentation.
It makes the sediments
heavier and hence they settle
down quickly. This method is
called loading.

Laxmi prepares ginger and
coconut chutneys for
dinner while Aadhira
watches her.

88

Wow! Nayanamma, My mouth is
chutneys are looking already watering.
tempting. I can’t wait.

SLamxt.mLiaaxnmdi RanadjaSghorpi.aRlaanjaglaoupgahlanalloauudgh. aloud.

Aadhira, don’t forget the Yes amma, it’s here. It’s
winnowing basket. the most precious gift.
How can I forget it!

89

Aadhira comes back with her nayanamma. Laxmi brings few
snacks and mithais which she has especially made for her
grandchildren.

Here, I have prepared
few delicacies of
Sankaraguptam.

Nayanamma, I just loved
the stay.The air is so
fresh here and I will
really miss the greenery.

Yes nayanamma,
I don’t want to
go back home.

90

Why don’t you all visit in January We get a long
again? We celebrate Makar grained variety of
Sankranti, a festival which is rice during Makar
dedicated to Sun God. It also Sankranti
marks the beginning of the
harvest season.

Rajgopalan loads few bags of freshly harvested rice along
with few packets of pulses in the car from his agricultural
field.

That’s a
wonderful idea!

That would be
great!

91

Do come during Yes, sure! Will
the harvest love to come back
festival. We will here during our
have lots of fun. winter break.

I will also
come didi and
will learn to
make rangolis
and some of
the games
that you play.

The suitcases and They reach back home in the
handbags are loaded in cab from New Delhi railway
the cab. The family bids station.
goodbye to Laxmi and
Rajagopalan.

Subramaniam unloads the

suitcases from the cab on

reaching back home.

92

WORD HUNT
Hunt for the words related to water cycle:

93
Answers on page 124

SIEVE THE ANSWER

I. The process of settling down of particles of a
solid in a liquid is
(a) decantation.
(b) sieving.
(c) sedimentation.
(d) filtration.

II. Which method will you use in case you require
only the solid component from its solution in
water?
(a) evaporation
(b) distillation
(c) filtration
(d) sieving

III. Sedimentation and decantation are useful to
separate
(a) immiscible liquids
(b) soluble solid from liquid
(c) insoluble solid from liquid
(d) insoluble solid from a liquid where the solid
is heavier than the liquid.

IV. The process of adding a chemical to a mixture
of solid and liquid in order to increase the speed
of sedimentation of suspended particles is
called
(a) loading
(b) decantation
(c) distillation
(d) evaporation

V. Which chemical is generally used in the process
of loading?
(a) Alum
(b) Iodine
(c) Chlorine
(d) Baking soda

94
Answers on page 125

Two days later, the school reopens.

Chiranjeev discusses about his trip with his Science
teacher, Ms. Reena Talwar and his classmates.

95

Ms. Reena appreciates Chiranjeev for sharing his
experience with the whole class. He also shares the
pictures of various methods of separation of substances.

All of us discussed about various methods of
separation of solid from solid substances and solid
from liquids. But, how will you separate various
liquids in which two or more liquids are mixed?

Ma'am, like a
mixture of oil
and water.

Yes! Come, All of you carry your
let's all visit Science notebook with
our Discovery your pencil box.
Lab to
understand it. Yes ma’am

Wow! We are
going to the
lab.

96

All the students sit in the lab while the teacher sets up
the apparatus. Ms. Reena calls Chiranjeev and Akshara.

Students this is called the Separation of Substances
separating funnel. Akshara,
tell me how many liquids are
there in this funnel?

Ma'am, there seem Separation of Substances
to be two liquids -
one looks like water Correct!
and the other is oil,
I guess!

97

Mannat, why do you think Separation of Substances
that these two liquids form
two different layers?

Let me try ma’am.
May be they are
not able to mix
with each other.

Separation of Substances

Ma'am, is it because Correct, Mannat!
one of them is heavier So, to separate
than the other? them, we allow the
mixture of two
98 liquids to settle in
different layers
according to their
densities.

Ma'am, what do you
mean by density?

Separation of Substances

I was waiting for this
question. Density is a
measure of how heavy
something is compared
to its size.

Two immiscible liquids, oil Separation of Substances
and water, can be
separated by using a
separating funnel.

99

The mixture of oil and water forms two Separation of Substances
separate layers because they are completely
insoluble in each other.

Oh! So, oil forms
the upper layer
while water
forms the lower
layer.

Yes in the separating funnel, they are Separation of Substances
kept for resting. When two layers
become stable, they are filtered one
by one by opening the stop cock in the
separating funnel.

100