ভাটির দেশ - মোংলার ইতিহাস, ঐতিহ্য ও সংস্কৃতি বিষয়ক ই-পত্রিকা

ϖ ϛ , Ϟ – ϡ ϖ ϣ ϛ- ϣ

:: ϖϤ–
Ϥ :: ϛ b

ϖ , ϥ c, ϖ





















, b ϖ Delta Navigation company b
) Workshop b
ϣ , ϣ b ϖ , c
c - c ϥ c b ϖ ϛ ϛ
ϣ Ϟ Ϛ ϣ ϣ , ϥ
( ϣ ) Ϧ ϡ ϣ b ϖ / , ,
ϣ c Ϟ
ϣ ϣ b ϖ
ϥ ϙ c bϛ ϣ
c - b ϡ ϣ , – -
b ϖ , b ϖ
c ϣ ϣ ϣ Ϛc ) ϣ b ϣ
, ϣ Ϟ (Test ) ϣ
Ϛ , b
Ϥ ϣc c c ϙ – ϣ ( ) b ϖ
c Ϛ ϛ, ,Ϛ , ϛ Ϛ Ϛ
ϣ
c - ϣ ϙ –
ϣ c ϣ Ϛ bϣ c ϣ c – , b
c ϛ ( – ϗ c b ϖ b Ϛ
ϡ c , c c c ϖ ϛ (ϣ
ϡ ϣ ) ϣ c
ϣ ϛ , ϡϤ c c ϛ ( ϣ c –

c ϥ ϥ ϣ, Ϛ c c ϣ Ϛ

b ϖ ϥ ϣ c c ) b ϖ |8

(Gun Powder) ϣ ,

Ϛ ϖ ϛ

( ϣ ϖ ϣc Ϧ c,

8

Ϥ Ϛ , – ϗ b – ; c ϥc ϖ
) ϣ – Ϛ ϣ ϕ ϣ c
ϣ (c ϥ c , ϛ ϛ Ϧ c, c –; b ϖ
, , bϛ ϣ c Ϛ ϣ ϡc
/ , / c - , Ϧ– - , -
b ϖ Ϛ ϡ ϙ ϣ , c ϣ ϣ c ϣ ϣ
– ϗ ) c , – ϗ
Ϛ Ϛ ϛ b ϖ Ϛ b ϖ ) Ϛ
Ϛ (ϣ ) bϣc E.P.R. Ϛ
ϛ ϛ c c ϣ bϣ c ...... c Ϛ
ϣ ( c – c Ϛ Ϥ Ϛ
ϝ ) ( c c, , , c ϡ (
bϛ ϖ Ϥ c ϡ ϕ c c ,
c , b ϣ bϣ c Board – ) ϣ c Ϛ
ϣ , – ϗ ) b ϖ Ϛ
Ϛ ϣ c ϣ c ( – ϗ
c c c ) (Test) ϣ b -
( ϣ c c ϣ Ϛ
ϙ ϖ ϥ ϣ , ϙ – ϕ (Gun Powder) ϣ
ϥ ϣ , – ϗ ϣ c Ϛ ϖ
b ϖ ; bϣ c c c (Navy Ship) Ϛ
ϣ/ ϣ Ϥ Ϥ (ϥ ϖ c
ϣ c Ϧc , ϣ ,

9 |9

ϣ / ϣ , ϣ
ϝ , ϖ ϙ c –
ϣ -b ϣ ϖ Ϛ c) b c – ϙ ϣ
ϙ c – bϛ ϣ ϣ Ϛ ϕ
c c , ϕ c ( ϣ ) ϛ
, ϖ Ϛ ϣ Ϛ Ϛ ϣ ‘ ϖ
ϙ / c – ϣ ” ( ϕ Ϧ
Ϛ c, –ϗ ), , “ ϡ
(c , ϛc c c Gun Ϛ ϣ c ϡ ϕ
Boat Ϛ , b bϣ c ϣc c Ϛ ...” c – ) b ϖ ϣ
, ϙ – c ϙ Ϥ
ϣ ) bc Ϛ ( ϖ
c ϥ ) c – c ϣ c b -
ϙ ϣ ϣ ϖ ϣ ( ϖ – ) ϡ c c
( ) bϣ bϣ c c c (Navy Ship)
c c c Ϥ ϥ ϖ Ϛ
(“c ” ϙ
b – - ϣ c c ϖ Ϛ b ϖ
ϣ , – ϗ
Ϛ ϛ
, b ϖ ϣ
ϣ ϛc Ϛ ϡ ϛc ) b ϖ ϣ ϣ : c

c c ϖ Ϛ ( – , ϣ b ϖ ϣc
ϣ ϣ : c Ϛ
/
|10
ϡ –

10

ϣ c ϣ c, – ϖϣ b ϖ Ϛ ϣ
Ϧ ϖ Ϛ
Ϟ ( c c Ϥ /ϥ (Trench) – ϣ
(Ϛ c – Ϥ ϙ ϣ ϛ
“c ” ϣ ϣ ϥ / Trench) Ϥ ϕ c ,
– ) Ϛ c – c
Tank/c– , ϥ c ( ) ϣ c c
c Ϥ ϕ c
ϗ ϖ ϣ ϣ ϣ b ϖ Ϛ
Ϛ ϣ ϣ
c ϣ , b ϖ c ϣ ϙ ϣ b ϖ
ϡϤ Ϧ ϛ
ϣ ϣ, c –)।
b - ϖ
Ϛ ϣ c ϕ ϣ,
ϙ – ϣ ϣ c b ϖ Ϧ
b ϖ ϣ Ϥ ϕ ϡ ϣ ϣ
b ϖ Ϛ
( / ) Ϛ ϣ ϣ ( ϣ /
) b ϖ – ( –
Ϥ Ϛ ) Ϛ ϛ,
ϣ – Ϛ Ϛ
Ϥ Ϥ ,
|11
Ϛ Ϥ ϣ Ϛ

b ϖ ϣ ϣ

ϝ – ϣ Ϛ

Ϛ / ϣ ϣ

b - ϣ
ϖ c ,
ϣc Ϛ (
c c ϣ c ϣ /
Ϛ ,
c ) ϣ ϣ ϙ ,

11

Ϟ ϙ c Ϛ ϣ bϣc ϣc ϙ ϣ - ϖ ϡ
Ϛ ϣ , – ϗ
b ϖ ϣ , Ł b ϖ
b - ϣ
Ϛ ϣ b , ) bc c c
( ), ( c
c, ϣ c ),
( ) b ϖ b -
( ) Ϛ ϖ Ϛ ϣ c ϛ ϛ
ϛ Ϛ (ϛ ϛ ) b ϣ
c ( Ϥ ϡ ϣ Ϛ ϥ c , (
ϖ , – ϗ / ϣ ϛ
, b ϖ ) ϙ ϣ , – ϗ ϙ ϣ
Ϧ Ϥ, Ϛ / )
Ϛ
b -
b - Ϛ b ϣ Ϛ
ϣ ( ϣ c ϣ ϣ c Ϛ c
/ ) b ϖ ϛ ϖ c Ϛ
(West Bengal, India) ϝ – c ( Ϥ c )
ϣ (Ϧc
Ϛ Ϥ ϕ c ϕ ϣ , bc ϡ ϣ
ϡ -Ϛ Ϥ Ϛ ϕ c ϣ ϣ c ϝ
c – ,
Ϛ bϤ
12

|12

b - c b - ϣ
ϣ b Ϛ ϣ c ϣ Ϛ ϣ c ϣ ϗ
b ϡ ϙ ϕ ϣ c ϣ Ϧ
ϣ c ϣ ϣ
b - c c c c c c c c
ϣϡ (Border side)
( ) ϣc b - ϛ
(ϙ – ϣ b ϖ Ϛ ϣ ,
, – ϗ ) b ϖ ϙ – ϣ Ϛ
b ϣ (West ϣ c (duty) ϙϖ ϣ
Bengal, India) ϣ (ϣ
ϡ c – b - ϣ
ϣ c / ϣ Ϛ ϣ b ϖ ϕ
ϡ c – Ϧ ϣ ϡ c – ϙ
ϣ , ϛ – Ϛ ϥ Ϛ
– , – ϗ Ϛ b ϖ Ϛ ϙ
ϣ , b ϖ ϡ Ϛ Ϟ ϗ b ,
( / )
) Ϛ ϣ Ϛ
ϣ
b -
b - Ϛ Ϛ c
ϣ ϣ, ϣ ϣ bϣ c c c Ϛ Ϛϣ c
Ϛ ϛ b Ϛ c Ϧ , Ϥ ϣ
bϣ c c c Ϛ
|13
13

b - c c Ϧ c Ϛ Ϥ ϣ ϝ ϣ ϛ
Ϛ c – c Ϛ –
ϣ b ϖ Ϛ ϣ
c ϥ ϣ - ϣ ϛ ϥ
bϣc ϣc Ϧ c (? ϥ b ϖ
b - ϣ Ϛ ϕ c ϥ ϣ ,
ϣ ϣ c Ϥ – ϗ ϙ ϣ )
( , – ) b ϖ ϕ ϣc Ϥ , Ϛ
Ϛ (ϣ ϛ ) Ϛ c ϥ ϣ
b ϖ Ϛ – ϣc c ϛ
ϣ c ϥ ϣ Ϛ - Ϛ
c Ϟ Ϛ
b – Ϥ Ϛ b ϖ ϣ Ϛ
( c Ϥ ) ϣ ϣ Ϛ ϣ b, Ϛ Ϧ c (A. R.
ϣϡ Ϛ b ϖ watch) ϣ Ϛ ϡ
ϛ ..... b ϖ ϕ c E.P.R. Ϛ
ϣ ϕ ϗ ,
( , ) - b ϖ
b ϖ ϕ c ϣ ϙ ϣ ϣ Ϛ
ϣ c ϣ b (
b - ϣ c )
Ϛ c ϣ
ϥ ϕ Ϥ (ϣ ϛ , ) - ϣ Ϛ
bϣc Ϧc (?) Ϧ c b ϖ , ϙ ϣ, ϣ ϣ c

14 |14

ϣ Ϛ ϣ b , - b Ϛ
c ϛ Ϛ c Ϛ
( Ϧcϣ, ϣ ϛ ϥ )
- Ϛ ϣ c Ϛ
c ϛ c ϕc ϛ b c – ϥ b ϖ ϣ ϥ
ϣ , ϙ ϣ b ϖ ϥ
( , ϣ ϛ ) Ϛ
( / - ϣ
, c c ϣ ϛ ) b Ϛ c ( ) ϛ
Ϟ ϕ Ϧ c b ϖ ϡϤ ϣ
( ϙ ϥ A.
R. watch c ϕ , –
– ϗ b ϖ ϙ ϣ ( )
)। Ϛ ϛ

- - Ϛ
c Ϛ Ϟ c ( )
( ϣ ) Ϛ ϕ ϣc b ϖ
Ϛ c Ϛ ϥ Ϛ
- Ϛ ϣ ( ) ϣ
ϣ ϛϝ
(ϣ ϛ ϥ /ϣ c Ϥ ) (?) - Ϟ Ϛ
ϣ Ϛ cϖϥ ( ) – ϣ
Ϛ
|15
15

- ( ϣ ϥ c
) c ϣ ϝ – ϣ

- b Ϛ c - ϣ ϣ
ϣ b ϖ (
Ϥ ( – ϥ ) ϣ / ) Ϛ Ϥ ϣ
Ϟ Ϛ c ϣ
( Ϥ c – ϣ ϥ

ϡ c – Ϛ –

ϣ , – ϗ ϙ ϣ ) Ϛϥ - ϣ
ϣ ϣ Ϛ
- b Ϛ ϣ c –
ŀ Ϧ c ϣ c ϥ Ϥ c
ϖ ϣ
- ϣ : c c c।
c Ϛ ( ϖ -
) ϛ b ϖ * – - (b
Ϛ ϣ / ),
(c ϣ ),
- – Ϛ ( ),
c ϛ b ϖ ϙ ϣ ( ), ϣ b ϖ ϙ ϣ
Ϛ (Border slip) ( )
ϖ ϣ Ϛ

16

|16

cϣ
- ϙ Ϧ c c

ϥ c c ϣ c c ϣ c c c
ϣ– c– c c c bϣ ϥ ϥ
bϛ c b ϣ ϣ Ϥ ϡ c
ϝ ϣ
– c ϥ ϥ Ϥ c c ϣ ϕ
ϖ ϥ c b ϣ ϛ b
ϙ ϣ c c ϥ c c– c c
- ϖ c c– c c b ϖ
ϙ ϣ bϤ ϡ
– ϣ–
c– c c c– c c c
c – bϣ Ϥ b ϖ ϣ– c– c c
ϣϤ , c ϕ ϛ, Ϥ , Ϥ c ϡ । ϣ–
ϣ ϣ c c– c c c ϣ ϕ
c - ϝ b c c– c c ϣ c
– ϣϤ bϣ c
ϣ ϣ ϣ Ϥ
bϛ ϣ b ϣ c
ϣ ϣ ϡ ϣ c c– c c
bϣ c ϣ ϣ ϣ ϛ c c Ϧ c ϝ
ϣ b ϖ ।
17
|17

ϣ - c– c c ϣ c
c c ϣ c ϥ
Ϥ ϣ c c ϣ Ϥ c Ϛ ϣ
c ϣϤ , c ϕ ϛ,
Ϥ b ϣ ϡ bϣ c ϛ , bϣ ϣ
ϙ c– c c c Ϛ ϡϛ ϣϤ
c ϕ ϛ ϡ ϣ ϣ c ϣ c ,
c ϣ Ϛ
b ϣ c
ϖ c Ϥ c c- ϣ ,
c b ϖ c c ϣϤ ϝ c - , - , ϖ
ϛ – ϣ cϣ
ϡϛ c cϣ ϡ c ϣ c
b ϣ c b ϖ ϣ – ϝ c
ϙ ϣ ϣ ϣ cϣ ϣ ϥ ϥ ϡ
c ϣ c ϣ b
ϣ ϛ ϣ ϣc c – b ϖ c ϛ ϣ ϣ
ϣ c c ϣϤ Ϥ ϣ ϥ
Ϥ ϣ b ϖ ϣ c ϣ ϝ
ϙ ϣ c cϣ ϣ Ϥ ,
ϣ ϣ ϛ ϡ ‘ ϛ Ϛ ϛ ϣ ϣ
c Ϥ ! Ϧ ϕ c ϛ
c ’
cϣ ϣ cϛ
ϣϤ Ϥ c c |18

18

b cϣ ϣ c ϡ
c – ϝ ϣ ϣ
ϛ – Ϛ cϣ ϗ
c ϣ ϝ Ϛ Ϛ ϣ ϝ c –
ϣ c b b ϣ bϣ cϣ
– cc ϣ cϣ

19

|19

ϣ ϥ ϣ : c ϕ ϣ
- – c c

ŀ ϡ ϥ ϥ, ϡ ϙ ϣ
ϣc ϝ Ϧ c c
c
ϣ ϥ ϣ
ϖ c - ŀ ϥ c c
ϖ ϣ ϛ c
ϙϖ ϥ ϥ ϣ b ϖ
ϥ ϣ
ϥ bϛ b ϣ Ϥ ϡ ϙ c ϛ b ϣ
ϣ b ϣ c
b ϖ ϥ b ϥ c ϥ c
ϣ ϡ
ϣ bϛ ϖ ϣ ‘ ϣ ’ –
ϣ – ϡ ϣ ϥ
b ϣ ϥ ϥ c , c ϡ ϥ c c

ϥ bϛ , ϝ b ϣ
ϡ ϣ ϙ ϣ ϡ
ϙ ϛ c Ϛ ϥ ϣ c ϥ
ϣ c c –
c Ϛ c bϣ c –ϡ

ϥ ϝ ϣ c |20

ŀ ϣ ϙ

ϣ c – b ϥ

ϥ ’c c c

c c – ϣ

ϥ ϣ ϙ – ϙ –

c c ϣ , ϣ

Ϥ ŀ

ϖ

20

ϥ , ϡ b ϣ ϥ ϣ c ϙ –
, c ϣ ϣ ϣ , ϣ
ϣ c bc – – b ϖ Ϛ ϣ ϥ ϥ ,
c c ϥ , c – c , -
, Ϧ ϣ –, ϥ ϥ ,
ϣ c ϣ ϣ , ϣ
Ϛ ϣ ŀ ϣ – ϥ - -
Ϥ ϙ – ϣ
c ϖ ϙ ϣϣ ϣ ϙ
c – ϣ ϥ , , ϣ ϣ ϣ ϛ
–ϡ ϣ ϣ, c ϥ ϣϣ - c -
ϖ ϙ – c c Ϛ -Ϛ b ϖ Ϟ – ϡ
ϝ ϣ ϣ ϕ
Ϥ c – ϣ , b – ϣ
c ϛ

ϣ c ŀ c
ϣ c ϣ ϣ ϣ Ϥ /
ϣ ϡ c
Ϛ ϣ ŀ
-Ϛ Ϛ
Ϧ ϥ Ϛ ϥ – ϙ – ϥ
ϥ ϣ bϤ ϣ
, , - cϕ
|21
c ϣ ϣ ϣ

ϣ ϣ ϣ ϙ ϣ

Ϛ c bϛ

21

‘ ’ ϝ ϥ ϝ
ϣ c c ϥ ϣ
Ϥ
cϣ ϥ c ϙ ϣ
ϣ c ϙ Ϛ ϣ ϣ bϤ bϣ
- ϣ ŀ ϣ
ϣ – Ϥ c ϧ c ϝ ϣ bϣ c ϣ – ϣ
Ϛ ϙ ϖ c , - – ϣ ϥ
ϣ ϣ c Ϥ c c ϣ– –
ϣ ϣ ϣ ϣ ϣ ϣ
c ϣ c c Ϛ
b ϖ ϣ c ϛ Ϛ ϣ b ϣ
c ϣ ϣ ϝ – c
ϙ Ϛ Ϛ -
ϥ ϣ cϣ ϙ ϣ c
ϙ ϣ ŀ ϣ ϣ - Ϥ ϣ ϣ c ϣ b ϖ Ϥ
Ϛ Ϛ – ϣ c ϡ b
ϙ – ϥ ϥ c ϣ
Ϛ ϥ ϣ
ϣ ϣ c ϣ ϣ
ϣ c ϣ c ϣ ϛ ϥ
ϣ b ŀ
ϣ
Ϥ
|22
22

ϥ ϣ – ϣ c ϣ ϣ
– ϣ ϣ c
ϖ ϥ c ϙ Ϥ c ϣ ϣ c ϣ
c , ϥ ϣ ϣ c
ϥ Ϥ c ϛ ϣ ‘Ϛ ϥ ϣ b ϖ c ϡ
ϣ ϥ ’ ϝ
ϙ ϣ ϝ ϝ – ϣ ϙ c
ŀ ϛ c bϛ b
ϡ ϝ c Ϥ c c Ϛ ϣ

ϕ c ϥ c

bϣ c ϖϥ ϥ ϣ cϡ

ϣ , Ϥ ϣ ϣ ϣ

‘ ϣ ’ b ϖ Ϛ ϡ ϣ ϣ c

ϣ Ϛ b ϣ ϥ c

bϛ bϣ c , c ϡ ϕ ϣ

Ϛ c

c ϙ Ϧ c c

ϥ ϙ ϥ ϣ ŀ
ϥ c – ‘Ϛ
ϥ ϣ c ϡ ϖϦ’ ϥ c
, , ,
c ϣ , c
Ϛ ϡ ϙ ϣ c ϡϛ ϖ Ϧ –
c ϣ ϡ Ϛ – ϣ bϣc ϥ ϡ ϥ
c ϣ ϣ ϣ ϙ ϣ ϛ
c ϛ ϣ b c b c –
– c , c ϛ ,
ϣ c

ϣ bc ϣ

cϣ bϣ ϣ c

ϣ ,

ϣ ϙ ϣ c

23

|23

c ϛ , c , ϥ - ‘ ϣ
, c , / c ϡ ϣ c
, ϣ Ϥ c / ϣ cϦ –
c – c –/ ϣ
–/ – ϣ ϡ /
c ϣ b bϣ bϣ c – ...Ϛ
c ϣ ϖ c ϣ ϕ ϣ Ϧ /
ϣ ϣ c ϥ – ϣϝ ϣ , ϣ
ϣ ϣ / ϖ ϣ c ϛ ’
ϙ –ϣ bϣ c ϣ c ϣ bϛ ϥ
ϡ : ‘ c ϣ c ϥ ϣ ϣ
ϖ ϣ/ϙ ϗ ϣ
c ϥ – ’ b ϖ
ϣ bϛ c – ϣ
c Ϥ , ϡ ϣ ϣ
c ϕ c b ϖ Ϛ c ϡ c
– b ϖ – ϣ –
ϣ ϥ Ϛ ϝ ϣ c
c Ϛ c Ϛ
c ‘ ’ ϥ ϣ ŀ c ϛ
- ‘ Ϛϛ ϡ c Ϥ ϡ
ϣ / ϡ – / - c c
Ϥ ’ ϙ – bϣ c ϡ bϛ Ϛ ϣ c -

24 |24

c c ϥ ϣ ϣ ϣ c
ϝ ϣ c ϣ ϣ
c ϙ
ϥ ϣ c c
c ϙ ϥ ϣ ϣ
ϣ c ϣ ϖ Ϥ c
c ϙ ϣ ϣ ϙ
Ϛ c – , –
c c
ϥ ϛ ϣ Ϛ ϙ ϧ c Ϥ ϡ
ϣ
c
ϣ ϥ c ϣ
c ϕ c b ϖ c ϣ ϣ Ϧ
ϣ c – Ϥ ,
c ϣc ϣ Ϛ ϣ

ϣ ϣ ϙ c c ϥ
ϛ ϣ ϥ
bϛ ϣ’c ϣ ϣ ϥ
c ϖ c c –- bϛ
c – ϖ c ϙ – ϣ ϕ
ϣ– b ϖ bϤ ϛ ϕ ϣ
ϙ ϣ ϖ ϣ ϥ ϣ ϖ

ϥ c ϕ |25

ϙϣ c– - c ϣ

ϥ ϣ ϕ c -cϥ ϣ
Ϥ ϣ c c ϡ
ϣ ϙ ϣ c
ŀ – ϣ
c ϣ ϣ
ϣ c ϣ ϛ b ϣ

25

c b ϖ ϖ c c - ϣ , ϣ , ϙ , ϥ , b c,
Ϧ , c ϛ ϣ ϣ ϣ c , c , , , ,
ϥ c ϣ ϣ , ϣ , ϣ , ϥ
bϣ cϡ ϙ ŀ ϣ ϡ ϥ Ϛ ϣ c Ϛ
ϣ Ϛ ϣ – ϙ – Ϧ
ϙ ŀ ϥ ϣ ϡ c ϣ ϣ ‘Ϛ – ’
c c ϣ ϣ ϣ
ϣ c bϣ c – ϣ c , c

ϣ c c Ϛ ϣ
ϣ ϥ ϙ c ϣ ϣ b
ϣ Ϛ
ϙ ϥ ϖ c ϕ ϛ ϣ ϡ ϙ ϛ bϛ
ϛϝ c ϣ ϣ ϥ ϣ
c Ϛ c ϣ ϣ ϣ ϙ ϣ
ϕ ŀ – c ϣ ϕ ϣ
ϙ ϣ c ϙ ϣ c ‘bϛ
-Ϛ Ϛ ϥ– Ϛ ϡ ϙ ϣ ϥ
– ϕc c - bϣ Ϛ c ϣ c
b bϛ Ϛ ϝ
ϣ – ϣ ϣ c – ϥ
Ϧ ϣ c ϣ ϣ b ϖ ϙ ϛ ϥ ϣ
Ϧ, ϕc ϣ , ϣ Ϛ c ϖ
c ϣ , c ϣ ϥ ϣ ϣ

26 |26

c , ‘bϛ ϥ Ϛ c- c – b –
ϙ b ϖ Ϛ bϛ ϥ Ϥ bϛ bϣ ϥ
c – ϥ ϣ ϥ ϣ c Ϛ ϣ c
ϣ Ϛ ϙ ϣ - ϥ ϣ b ϖ
ϣ, ’ ϙ ϣ c – c Ϥ ϕ ”
– ϥ
ϣ ϣ c Ϛ ϣ b ϖ ϣ ϣ
ϣ c – ϥ ϣ ϣϛ c ,
ϥ ϣ ϣ ϛ c ϣ , Ϛc
Ϥ– c ϣ c , c ϣ Ϥ c
, “ ϥ ϣ Ϛ

– ϡ c ϣ – ϙ ϣ , Ϛ Ϥ ϥ ϣ , ϙ ϣ

c , Ϥ ϛ , ϡ
Ϥ-, Ϥ , ϙ Ϧ c c ϣ ϥ ϣ ϙ ϣ
ϙ Ϧ c c , Ϛ ϖ , c
ϙ Ϧ c c , ϣ
ϣ , ϣ , . ϙ ϣ , ϣ , ϥ c , ϖ ,
, ϣ , ϛ ϥ ϣ , . c ,
c ϝ ϖϤ– - , ϖ . ϥc , ϣc ϣ , ϖ bϣ , ,
ϙ Ϧ c c , Ϛ ϖ ,
.
ϣ , ϣ , . ϙ Ϧ c c , Ϛ ϖ ,
c ϣ , ϣ ϥ :ϛ ϡ , ϖ
bϣ , ϣ , . ϣ , ϣ , .
ϣ , ϖ ϣ ϥ , ϖ ,
ϣ , .

27

|27

ϛϖ c c ϣ
- . ϙ c

ϖ ϖ b ϣ Ϛ ϣc b
ϡ bϤ ϡ ϛ bϤ ϙc , ϣ
c ϖ b ϣ ϥ c ϙ Ϥ ϣ
ϣ b
Ϛϡ b ϖ ϣ ϣ Ϛ - ϖ b ϣ
ϣ c
ϖ ϣ c ϣ ϣ ?
c ϝ
bϣ ϖ c ϖ Ϥ ,
ϣ c ϣ ϙ c
bϛ b ϣ Ϛϡ ϛ ϡ ϛ c
Ϛ bϛ ϙ c ϣ
c ϙϖ c bϣ
, ϙ ϣ ϣ Ϛ ϥ
bϤ c c ϣ c c
ϣ – ϣc
Ϛ c c b ϖ ϣ ϗ c
ϥ ϡ b ϣ ϙ ϣ
ϡ – Ϥ c – “ ϡ
c bϤ c ϣ
Ϥ c- c Ϛ ϥ
28
ϣ c ” “ ”

cϖϥ ϣ c

c c

/ Ϥ Ϛ bϣϛ

b ϣ ϙ ϡ ϣ

Ϛ b ϙ

|28

ϣ ϣϛ ϣ ϡ ϖ
ϥ - c
b ϣϣ Ϛ b ϖ c
c c ϣ b
bϛ b ϣ Ϟ bϣc c cϖ b ϙ
ϙ ϕc c
ϥ ϝ c c c ϣ c c ϡ
bϛ ϙ c
– ϣ ϣ ϡ ϣ c ϣ - ϣ ,
ϙ c
ϖ ϡ ϖ – c ϣ ϣc ϣ ϛ Ϥ c Ϛ
ϙ ϣ b c ϥ
– ϝϛ ϣ b ϣ ϝ Ϛ
Ϥ c Ϛ ϣ c ϝ
ϣ ϣ ϣ b ϛ c ϙ ϣ ϖ
ϙ – c ϣ b ϣ ϣ
b ϖ c c – ϝ ϣ ϣ c
c ϙ – c
c ϙ ϣ c Ϧ - c – ϥ ϣ
ϙ c c c
ϣ Ϥ ϝ Ϥ bϛ
ϙ ϣ ϖ c – c
ϙ ϣ b ϣ ϣ c c b ϖ c

b ϣ bϛ |29

c ϣ Ϛ ϥ

, ϗ ϥ c , ϣ ϛ ,

, , ϛ –

b ϣ ϣ –

c ϝ Ϥ Ϛ c b

ϣϡ ϣ Ϛ

b ϣ ϣ

ϣ c ϣ c c

ϣ

29

ϝ ϣ ϙ ϣ Ϛ ϥ– Ϛ ϗ
ϣ Ϛ bϛ
c ϡ Ϥ ϣ c b ϣ c ϣ
c ϥ ϝ
ϝ – c Ϥ c ϡ
ϣ b ϖ b ϣ ϝ Ϧ c
c ϡ c ϖϥ ϛϖ c bϛ c Ϥ
b c (Khulna Estate) Ϥ
ϝ – ϥ c ϙ – ϣ c
ϣ c bϛ Ϛ
c – ϝ ϙ , b Ϛ b ϣ bϛ ϛϖ c
c , c ϡ ϙ – –
ϣ c ϝ ϣ ϣ ϣ ϣc c Ϛ ϣ
ϣ
ϝ c – c
ϣ ϣ ϣ Ϛ bϛ
ϣ ϣ b ϣ “ ϥ ϥ ” ϙ ϥ c
c bϛ b ϣ ϥ
ϣ c c c b ϣ ϥ c c Ϛ ϣ– ϣ b
ϥ ϥ Ϥ Ϥ
ϝ c ϡ Ϛ c c
ϙ b ϙ
c Ϛϡ b c c c ϣ
c Ϥ c ϥ
ϣ ϙ c c b ϥ –

ϣ ϣ c c |30

c b ϣ ϝ ϣ

c ϥ– c ϣ

c c

ϣ ϙ ϣ c

c ϛ c ϙ –

ϝ – c Ϛ b ϣ

ϝ c

ϙ ϣ c b

b ϣ c bϣ ϛϖ c

30

‘ ϥ ϥ ’ Ϛ c ϣ ϙϖ ϥ Ϧ c
. ϥ ϛ , bϣ , ϙ ϣ ϙ ϣ ϙϖ
c ϖϤ– , c , ϣ c c ϣ ϡ
Ϥ ϙ bϛ ϥ ϙ ϙ ϣ ϡ c
ϥ Ϥ ϛ c b ϖ c ϣ ϣ bϛ
ϙϖ ϣ
c bϣ c ϥ , bϣ Ϥ ( Ϥ ϣ ϣ ϝ ϙ )
c Ϛ Ϥ ϣ c Ϧ , c
ϙ c b ϙ ϣ Ϧ Ϥ ϣ bϛ
ϥ ϙϖ “ ϣ c ” c
Ϥ c c ϣ Ϛ
c ϙ ϣ b ϣ ϥ bϛ
ϥ ϥ ϙ ϖ “ ϣ c ” c
ϥ c ϣ ϖ
c ϣ , – Ϧ ϣ ϣϣ ϣ c
Ϟ c ϖ ϥ c ϣ c bϛ
Ϛ ϣ c– c Ϥ ϣ c –
ϥ ϕc Ϛ (bϛ ϙϖ ϕ ϣ c
ϥ c c ), ϡ c ϛϖ c Ϛ ϣ
ϣ Ϛ (bϛ ϙϖ ϥ ϥ ϡ ϙ – – ϣ
ϥ c c c c ) Ϥ ϣ ϙ ϣ
ϣ bϛ c ϛϖ c – c Ϥ
ϙϖ c ϣ bϣϛ ϣ Ϧ c
ϙ ϖ ϙ ϣ ϙ ϥ Ϥ c – b ϡ b

31 |31

ϣ– (Edward Stronach bϛ “ ϣ c ” c
Cameron) bϣ ϛϖ c bϛ bϛ “ ϣ
ϣ c – c c ”ϛ Ϥ b c (Khulna
Ϛ bϤ Ϛ ϛ Estate) ϣc
ϣ ϣ ϣ ϙ ϣ ϣ ϙ b ϖ
c ϣc ϣ c Ϥ (
ϣ ϣ c c ϣ c ϣ c
ϖ ϕ ϥ c ϡ bϣ – c ϥ c bϤ ϣ Ϥ
c ϣ–
(Barbara Sarah Jane Cameron) ϣ Ϛ )
bϛ “ ϣ c ” ϣ ϣ ϣc ϡ c
ϣ c ϣ ϣ Ϥ ϥ
Ϧ ϣc ϣ ϣ ϣ c c

ϣ– – Ϥ
bϣ c c c
cϛ ϣ– c ϝ ϣ c
c ϣ– c c b ϖ ϝ ϖ
c ϣ ŀ ϣ
ϣ ϣ– ϝϛ ϣ ϡ
(Captain W. H. S. ϙc ϣ
Rainey)- ϙ– ϖ (Ann Loring)
ϝ c c
bϣ ϣ ϣ ϛ
32
|32

c c c
ϣ ϛϖ c ϡ ϝϛ b ϣ Ϥ– Ϟ ϣ
c c ϛ
c ϣ ϣ ϡ ϣ ϙ – c
b ϖ b ϛ ϡ b ϣ c Ϥ ϣ
bϣc c c ,
ϛ ϛ b ϛ bϣc ϡ
ϡ Ϥ c ϛ
ϣ b ϙ ϣ “ ϣ ϣ –
ϣ ϛ c ϣ
ϛϝ bϣc ϛ , Ϥ ϙ
ϣ , c ϡ –
c ϣ ϛϖ c Ϛ ϣ
ϣ ϣ Ϥ ϕ c c ,
ϝ ϣ ‘ ϣ ’ ; ϕ
c ϡ ϥ ϥ c – ϡ ϕ Ϧ c ϛ Ϛc
ϣ c cϡ ϥ , ϣ Ϛ c
c ϣ– ϡ ϣ ϥ – ϣ ϣ c
c ϥ ϡ c b ϝ c ϝϥ c b ϖ
ϣ Ϥ Ϛ c ϣ c Ϟ
c ϙ ϣ c ‘ ϣ ’ ϙ
bϣc ϣ ϣ ϣ ϣ c c ϣ c b ϖ
Ϛc - , Ϥ , Ϧ c
– ϣ ϣ
ϣ Ϥ |33
Ϛ ϣc ϡ ϙ – –

33

bϤ ϡ ϕ ϣ ϣ , - c Ϧ
Ϛ c ϖ , bϣ ϛ ϙ – c
ϡ ϥ Ϧ
ϣ ϣc ϕ ϣ ϣ ϣ c – ϣ –
c Ϟ ϣ ϣ ϣ -c Ϧ ϖ Ϧ
c – ϣ ϝ ϣ ϙ ϛ
ϙ – c ϣ ϣ ϝ ϡ Ϧ
ϙ – c ϣ c, ϣ Ϥ c c ϣ ϖ
ϙ – ϣ ϣ ϝ – ϛ , ϣ ϣ ϣ ϥ ϣ ϛ
b ϣ, ϕ ϣc ϣ ϛ;
c ϣ ϛ c ; bϣ ϣ bϣϣ ϣ
ϣ ϣ ϣ ϛ ϙ – c ϛ ϣ
ϛ bϤ ϡ ‘ ϛ ϣ c – ϣ
Ϥ ϣ c ’ ϛ c –ϣ
ϣ - ϣ ϡ
- ϣ– Ϛ c ϝ – ϛ c
c , ϣ c – ϣ c c ϡ ϣ ϣc ϥ c ,
ϥ Ϥ , c ϣ ϡ ,
– – ϣ – b c ϣ , ϣ c ,
ϣ – Ϥ Ϥ ϛ bc – Ϧ c c b ϖ c
ϣ ϣϤ bϣ ϣ ϣ
ϛ ϥ c bϛ c c c
Ϥ ϣ ϙ ϣ c ”
Ϥ c , ϡ Ϧ ,
|34
34

c Ϛ Ϥ c , c Ϥ
ϙ ϥ Ϛ , ϣ ϡ ϣc
“ ϣ ϕ ϣ b ϣ,
ϣ ϥ c c ϛ
ϣ , bc – ϛ
ϣ ϡ c ϣ
Ϛ ϡ ϙ – c ϣ ; ϣ b
c c ϣ ϡ ϣ ϡ
Ϥ Ϥ , Ϥ , Ϥ ϝ ϣc c c Ϛ
ϛ ϣ c ϛ c , ϣ
Ϥ ϛ ... ... ϝ ϛ – -
ϣ ϕ ϡ ϣ
c – ϥ ϝ ϛ ϡ ϝ
c ; ϛ c ;
– ϡ ϝ – c
( ϖ )
Ϥ ϣ ϣ – – Ϧ c , bϣc
ϣ Ϟ ϖ c ϛ
Ϧ Ϛ ł ϛ , ϣ c ; ϣ
– ϙ
ϡ Ϥ ϛ ... ϣ c ϛ ϛ ϕ c
ϡ ”
Ϥ ϡ Ϥ b b ϣ c ϙ
c , ϙ – ϣ c ϣ c
c c ϛ ϣ ϣ ϣ ϛ
|35
ϣ ϕ c ϕϣ – ϛ

, ϝ bϣϤ ϣ

ϣ ϣ

c

ϥ ϙ – ϣ b ϖ

ϣ c c ϙ ϥ

c ϛ ϣ

ϣ ϣ

ϛ ϡ ϣ ϕ

(ϛϖ c )

35

c ϡ – Ϥ ϣ ϣ
c , c Ϛ ϥ c ϡ ϙ ϣ
c bϣ c ϛϖ c c – ϛ ϣ ϡ
c Ϥ bϛ b ϣ , ϣ c ϙ –
। bϤ ϛ c , ϡ
– ϣ (sub- c b
division) Ϥ ϣ – c
Ϥ ϣ – ϙ ,
ϣ ϣ
ϣ ϡ ϝ Ϥ ϣ c ϡ – ϛϝ
c c b ϙ
Ϛϛ - ϣ ϣ
– cϛ Ϛ c ϙ ϣ ϛϖ c c ϡ
-ϣ ϣ – ϡ Ϛ ϙ ϣ
Ϥ ϣ bϛ c b c ϣ c Ϥ
ϛ Ϥ ϡ ϣ ϡ ϣ
– c Ϛϣ Ϥ bϛ
ϣ Ϛϣ ϣ
Ϥ ϣ c
bϣc Ϛ ϣ Ϥ – ϛϖ – (The
c b Ϥ ϙ ϣ Englishman) ϣ
ϛϖ c –ϡ c b ϛ c ϛ c c
ϣ bϣ c b
Ϥ c c – ϙ c
36 , bϣ Ϧc

|36

Ϧ ϡ bϣc ϥ ϥ ϣ ϣ –
Ϥ ϣ c – c c ϗ
ϣ c (Mr. Shaw, C.S.), c ϛ
ϗ (Lieut. Shaw) b ϖ ϙ –
c Ϥ ϣ c (Bar of Supreme
Court) c
ϣ ϙ b b ϣ ϣ – ϡ b
Ϥ c
ϣ c ,
ϣ ϣ , ϣ
ϣc ϖ - ϖ ϣ – c ϣ ϣ
ϝ Ϧc ϣ c
ϙ c b Ϛ c c ϣ
ϣ ϣ ϡ
ϣ b ϡ ϙ – –
,
ϣ ϣ bϣ ϗ ϣ , ϥ c c,
ϛ – Ϧc Ϛ
ϣ c ϡ ϡ ,
c ϡ c
ϣ ϙ c b ϣc ϡ ϣ– ϣ b ϖ
bϣϛ b bϣ ϛϖ c
– ϣ c c ϣ

ϙ b |37

c Ϥ ϣ – c c ϗ

cϣ– (Mr. Metcalf) ϣ

c ϣ –

bc ϡ bϣ

ϣ ϛ (cousin) Ϧ

; ϣ ϣ bϣc

c - Ϛ ϛ Ϛ ϙϖ

ϣ c

b ϖ Ϧc ϣ Ϛϣ

ϣ ϣ –-

37

c c c c b ϡ (William Arthur Rainey) ϡ
b ϙ ϣ ϣϡ c ϛ ϥ c (Ellen
ϝ Ϧc ϣ Margaret Rainey), b
(Emillie Barbara Rainey)
ϙ – c Ϛ b ϖ ϛ c (Isabella
c ϣ ϣ Matilda Rainey) Ϥ ϙ –
bϣ c Ϛ ϡ ϣ ϣ c
ϙ ϣc ϣ b c c ϣ ϝ Ϥ Ϛ c
b c ϣ ϙ
ϖ c
– c bϛ – ϡ –
b ϣ ϣ ϣ c ϝ c
c c
ϣ ϣ
c ϣ c ϣ ϝ c ϛ ϡ
ϣ c ϡ ϙ ϣ ϣ ϣ c
c ϣ ϣ c bϣc ϙ ,
Ϛ b ϣ ϡ ϣ , cϡ , Ϛ ϣ
ϣ ϣ ( ϗ ϖ ) ϡ ϖ
– ϙϦ ϙ ϣ ϡ
Ϥ ϛ c c c c c
– ϣ c c ϣ ϣ ϙ – c ϡ
(John Rudd Rainey), c ϣ ϣ
c (Henry James
Rainey), ϝϛ Ϛ |38

38

c ϡ ϥ c Ϛ b ϣ
ϡ ϛϝ c
c
ϣ ϛϖ – ϣ ϣ bϣ

c c c – ϣ c ϡ c

bϣ ϡ ϣ – bϛ ϛ ϣ ϣ

c ϥ– c c, ϣ ϣ

c – ϣ c ϣ ϡ ϣ

c c ϣ c Ϛϡ

b ϣ c Ϧ ϣ ϛ bϣ

Ϥ ϡ ϛϝ c

ϣc ϝ ϣ b ϣ ϣ bϛ c

Ϛ b ϣ Ϥϣ Ϥ c (Khulna Estate)

ϙ Ϧ c c c b ϖ ϣ ϣ ϣ

ϣ ϣ ϣc bϣ ϛ Ϟ bϣϛ

c ϡ ϡ ϣ ϛ c ϙ ϣ ϥ ϛ c

b b ϖ c c c ϗ c

ϙ Ϥ c – ϣ ϛ ϣ ϣ ϣ

Ϛ ϣ Ϥ c b – –

Ϧc ϣ ϣ ϣ c

c – (Professor Max

c ϣ b ϖ Mϋller) b ϖ – ϝϛ

(Sir Monier Wilams)-b

39

|39

Ϥ– ϣ c ϖ – c ł
ϣ c c ϛ ϣ ϣ Ϧ
ϣ ϝ ϖ ϣ ϙ – – ϣ c c ϣ
c – ϣ c ϙ – c c ϡ
ϣ c ϣ – b ϙ ϣ
ϣ c ϙ Ϥ ϙ Ϥ c
ϛ ϙ – ϣ c
ϛϖ c ϣ bϛ b ϣ Ϛ bϛ ϙ
ϙ , ϖ ϡ c c c – ϣ ϥ
ϣ ϥ c b ϣ ϙ ϣ c b b ϣ b – ,
c ϙ ϥ ϡ ϝ , ϡ ϥ ϡ
b ϣ ϣ c ϣ ϝ ϣ ϡ Ϥ c c
ϡ ϝ c ϡ ϡ ϝ ϣ c ϛ
ϣ ϣ ϣ b c , ϗ ϖ
ϙ ϣ ϛ ϣ c ϡ ϣ ϛ Ϥ – ϡ Ϥ
ϛ ϙ
ϣ – ϡ ϝ c ϣ c b ϣ cϕ ϝ
ϝ ϣ ϣ b ϣ ϣ – ϝ
ϙ ϣ ϣ ϥ b c –
c Ϥ ϣ c c c – c ϥ–
ϣ ϣ c ϣ – ϣ ϣ c c – c ϣ b ϣ ϣ ϣ
Ϧ Ϧ ϣ ϣ – ϥ
ϙ ϙc Ϥ ϛ b c
ϣ ϣ c bϛ ϛ
|40
40

ϣ ϣ c ϣ Ϛ ϣ– Ϥ , Ϟ
c c ϡ bϛ Ϥ ϖϤ– ϡ
ϝ c – c ϡ c ϣ ϥ b
b ϡ ϣ c ϖ ϥ Ϥ ϣ ϣ ϥ
ϣ ϥ c ϣ – – c Ϟ c
ϛϖ c ϡ ϙ ϣ
ϛ bϣ – b ϣ ϣ ϣ ϣ ; b
– ϣ ϡ ϣ ϙ ϖϤ– Ϥ
c ϣ b ϥ b ϖ ϙ – Ϥ ϡ
Ϛ ϡ c c b c Ϟ
c Ϛ c ϥ c b ϡ ϛϝ Ϥ ϣ
ϣ ϣ c- c c c ϙ ϣ
Ϛ Ϥ Ϥ ϣ c ϣ ϣ c ϡ
ϡ Ϥ ϣ Ϧc ϖ, ϕ , c ϙ – ϝ
ϣ ϛ – Ϛ
c c Ϥ ϣ ϣ Ϥ ϣ c-
b ϣ c- ϣ ϖ ϙ – ϣ ϝ
ϙ – ϝ c ϣ ϣ Ϥ c
Ϥ , bϛ ϣ c- Ϥ
c ϣ ϛ , ϣ
ϣ Ϥ – c ϛ, ϣ, ϣ ϣ ϣc
ϧ, ϣ , , ϥ, ϛ – Ϥ b c
ϝ Ϥ Ϥ ϣ ϣ ϙ ϣ c ϝ ϣ c –
b ϥ Ϛ c
41 ϣ ϣ ϝ –

|41

ϣ c ϣ ϙ
c ϝ – ϥ Ϥ ϣ
cϡ ϣ ϛ c bϣc
c ϙ ϛ c , ϗ
ϣ Ϥ ϣ ϝ , bϛ
c ϣ – ϣ ϝ ϣ ϣ
ϖ ϝ bϣ c
ϣ ϣ ϣ
ϛ c bϣ ϣ ϛ ϝ c ϡ
c c ϛ b ϣ
ϝ ϣ c c ϣ ϖ ϣ ϣ c- ϖ
ϙϖ c
ϛ ϛ c ϛ Ϥ ϣ b ϝ c bϣ c
ϖϡ b ϖ b c
, ϛϖ – ϡ ϙ – – c – ϣ ϡϝ Ϥ
ϣ
c ϡ ϝ Ϥ c , ϗ
ϝ Ϥ
the ϥ c b ϙ ϥ ϣ

Englishman ϣ b ϥ c – ϣ
cϡ ϣ– ϛ c-
ϣbϣ c c ϣ c ϣ (F.R.G.S.)

c ϙ ϣ -b ϝ – ϥ ϣ c
cϡ ϣ– ϛ c
ϣ the Bengal ϥϣ – ϡ

Chamber of Commerce-b |42

c Act XX of

1887- ϖ b ϣ

Ϥ ϖ –

ϣ ϣ ϝ ϙ–

b ϣ c c c

– ϛ. . ϣ. .b .-b ϣ c

bϣ c ϣ c

c ϡ ϣ b

42

ϖ ϝ Ϥ ϡ c ϣ c
b bϣ c ϛ cϕ Ϥ ϣ bϣ
ϥ ϣ ϣ bϛ Ϥ Ϧ ϣ ϥ ŀ
ϣ – ϣ ϣ c
c ϙ – c ϙ c c Ϥϡ
ŀ – ϙ c ϛ c
ϣ ϙ ϣ bϤ ϡ ϣ b ϣ
b –ϡ Ϧ c
Ϛ ϣ ϣ ϣ c b ϝ ϖ
ϥ , c ϡ
ϛ ϡ bϛ ϣ ϣ ϝ ϖ ϣ c

ϝ ϛ c ϡ ϣ
ϙϖ ϣ ϣ –
ϖ ϡ Ϛ ϣ ϖ ϝ ϙ ϥ c c
ϙ – Ϥ c ϛ , ϡ ϣ
Ϥ ϥ c – ϡ ϡ c –
c Ϥ “ – ϛ ϙ c ϣ– ϣ– c ϝ b ϖ b cϣ
ϛ , – ϣ c” ϛ c c ϙ ϣ
ϛ c ϖ ϙ ϣ ϙ
bϛ ϛ c cϣ Ϛ c ϣ ϣ c b c ϛϖ c
c , bϛ ϛ c ϣ ϣ ϛ ϝ bϣ c
ϣ ϣ ϣ ϣ ϛϡ Ϥ c c bϣc
bϛ ϛ ϣ cϣ ϣ ϡ ϣ c
ϖ bϤ ϖϥ ϡ
ϖ Ϛ c – |43
ϣ– ϣ c ϝ ϛ c ϣ
, ϛ c ϙ bϣ c

ϣ ϣ ϣ c ϙ –

43

Ϥ ϣ ϛ Ϥ ϛϝ ,
c ϥ ϣ Ϧ ϣ
ϣ , Ϥ c ϖϤ–
– c Ϧ ϣ ϣ c
– ϣ– ϣ– c ϝ- ϝ , c – c b
ϣ ϣ ϣc
b ϣ ϣ– ϣ c ϣ
– c c ϙϖ
ϣ bϛ ϣ ϗ ϣ ϝ Ϥ Ϛ c
ϡ – c c
ϣc ϖ ϡ c Ϥ ϣ ϡ ϣ– ϣ
b ϣ Ϛ c
–
c c c –
ϥ , ϥ , ϡ Ϥ b ϣ ϙ ϣ ϣ ϣ– ϣ
c c c b ϖ b –
c ϖϤ– c ϣ b
ϙ c c
c ϙϖ Ϥ c , . b. ϣ ϥ (Rev
c ϣ ϖϤ– c
, , , b – , , A. Cazzaniga) ϣ
c , , c ,
, , b ϖ ϙ – ϝ ϣ b ϣ ϛ
, , , c –
b ϖ Ϧ Ϥ ϙ
44
ϣ b ϣ

ϣ– ϣ ϣ

– ϣ Ϥ Ϛ

b ϣ ϣ , bϛ c

ϣ– ϣ ϙ ϣ

ϣ ϣ

– b b ϣ –

ϣ ϣ c ϡ

– ϙc ϣ –

c – ϛ b ϣ

|44

– ϣ ϣ c .
ϙ ϥ ϡ ϙ (Mr. Shore) ϝ Ϥ ϣ c –
ϣ ϣ c Ϥ b ϣ ϙ Ϥ ϣϤ
ϣ c ϡ – ϣ
c Ϥ ϣ ϙ ϣ ϙ ϣ bϤ Ϥ
– Ϥ ϗ ϡ – ϣ c c
ϡ – ϣc c ϝ Ϥ ϣ ϣ
c Ϥ ϣ c
ϣ ϣ b ϖ c bϣc c
ϣ ϡ Ϥ ϣ - ϣ
Ϥ bϣc ŀ ,
( Ϥ ) ϗ ϣ b ŀ
ϣ c Ϥ ϙ c – ϣ c c c b ϣ
b ϣ c c ϣ Ϟ ϙ ϣ c
c ϥ ϥ ϙ b cϣ ϛ c ϙ -b
c c c –
b c c ϙ ϖb ϣ ϣ c
c c ϝ Ϥ ϣ c -
Ϥ ϛ -c c c . Ϛ c ϡ c b cϣ
b .b. c. (Mr. M. A. G. ϛ c – –
Shawe), c c c – ϛ b ϛ c ϡ Ϛ bϣ
ϣc c – ϣ Ϥ ϣ
ϣ c ϗ ϡ – ϣ c
Ϥ ϣ ϖ
45
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b ϣ ϝ – ϣ bϛ
bϤ Ϥ ϣ c ϥ c / ϙϖ ϙ ϣ
c c , ϣ c ϖ- ϣ– ϣ c c– c ϛ c-
b ϝ b c Ϧ ( – Ϛ ϙϖ c ϣ – ϣ
c b c bϤ Ϛϥ ϣ c c – ϣ ϙϖ ϙ – –
ϝ ϣ ϣ bϛ Ϧ c ϛ c – ϣ b
ϝ ϣ ϣ c c , b ϡ
Ϛ ϥ) c bϣc c – ϡ ϛ ϥ b
ϙ – ϝϛ
ϙ ϥ Ϥ
c ϣ Ϥ ϡ Ϛ ϡ b c
ϥ c ϝ c ϙϖ Ϛ ϣ
c ϣ ,
ϙ – c c c ϣ Ϛ – Ϧ c
Ϥ ϣ c , ϥ c / ϙϖ Ϥ b
Ϛ ϖϣ ϣ ϙϖ ϥ
ϛ ϣϝ Ϛ ϣ ϥ c bϛ ϙϖ b
ϖ ϛ c
c ϛ – ϣ c ϡ c
c ϡ c ϛ ϛ ϣc ϣ ϥ ,
Ϥ Ϧ c ϛc c c ϣ ϡ c ϣ
bϣ c ϝϛ ϣ bϣc c
ϥ ϙ –c ϙϖ Ϥ ϙϖ ϥ c

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