civics 2nd

weËwUk fviGZ cÉwZwbwaZ½kxj miKvGii weKvk 1

cÉ^g AaÅvq

wewË Uk fviGZ cÉwZwbwaZ½kxj miKvGii weKvk

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi

cÉk² 1 ‰KwU ˆ`Gki meÆ`wÞGY AewÕ©Z ‘K’ BDwbqbwU AmÁ¿e| ZvQvov myPZzi weËwUk miKvi fviZxq RbmvaviGYi
gvGS ivR‹bwZK ˆPZbvGK aywjmÅvr Kivi RbÅ ‘fvM Ki,
AvqZGb AGbK eo ‰es RbmsLÅvI wecyj| ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvGbi kvmb Ki’ bxwZi cÉGqvM NUvGbvi RbÅ eãfã mÁ·®²
KGiwQj|
cGÞ ‰Z eo BDwbqb wbq¯¨Y Kiv KwVb| BDwbqGbi ‰K wekvj
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^
RbGMvÓ¤x c†^K BDwbqb MVGbi `vwe Rvbvq| KZƆcÞ ZvGZ mvov weËwUk fviGZi eãfGãi wgj iGqGQ|

w`Gq cÉkvmwbK, A^Æ‹bwZK I wewf®² KviY ˆ`wLGq BDwbqbwUGK N DóxcGKi eYÆbvq HwZnvwmK eãfGãi BwãZ iGqGQ|
wbGP cvVÅeBGqi HwZnvwmK eãfã NUbvwUi djvdj
wefÚ KGi `ywU BDwbqb MVGbi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGi|
gƒjÅvqb Kiv nGjv
wkLbdj: 4 [h. ˆev. 2016; wm. ˆev. 2015]
weËwUk fviGZi kvmbZvw¯¨K BwZnvGm 1905 mvGji eãfã
K. cjvwki hy«¬ KLb msNwUZ nq? 1 weGkl ZvrchÆcƒYÆ NUbv| weËwUk kvmGbi ˆMvov ˆ^GKB
KjKvZv Z^v mgMÉ cwøg evsjvGK wNGiB D®²qb KvhÆKÌg
L. wmcvwn weG`ËvGni cÉZÅÞ KviYwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 cwiPvwjZ nGZv| weËwUk miKvGii c†Ó¤GcvlKZvq KjKvZvq
wk͸KviLvbv, wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb, Awdm-Av`vjZ BZÅvw` MGo
M. DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ NUbvi mvG^ HwZnvwmK ˆKvb IGV| cƒeÆevsjv eÅemv-evwYRÅ, wkÞv, PvKwi cÉf‡wZ w`K ˆ^GK
KjKvZvi Ici wbfÆikxj nGq cGo ‰es ZvG`i D®²qb eÅvnZ
welGqi wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 nGZ ^vGK| AbÅw`GK, KjKvZvi abx I mvg¯¦ wn±`yG`i
AvwacZÅ I AZÅvPvGi cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMY w`Gknviv nGq cGo|
N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cvVÅeBGqi HwZnvwmK NUbvwUi cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMGYi Õ¼v^Æ iÞvi Õ¼vG^Æ gymwjg jxM ˆbZ‡e†±` cƒeÆ
evsjvGK Avjv`v cÉG`ki…Gc MGo ˆZvjvi RbÅ weËwUk miKvGii
djvdj gƒjÅvqb Ki| 4 wbKU `vwe Dïvcb KGi| eãfGãi AbÅZg DG`ÅvÚv nGjb
XvKvi beve mÅvi mwjgyÍvÏ n| eãfGãi ˆhŒwÚKZv weGePbv
1bs cÉGk²i Dîi KGi Z`vbx¯¦b MfbÆi ˆRbvGij jWÆ KvRÆb 1905 mvGji 1
ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i PëMÉvg, XvKv I ivRkvnx wefvM ‰es Avmvgmn
K cjvwki hy«¬ 1757 mvGj msNwUZ nq| ‘cƒeÆeã I Avmvg’ bvGg bZzb ‰K cÉG`k m†wÓ¡ KGib| bZzb
cÉG`Gki ivRavbx nq XvKv| cwøg evsjv, wenvi I DwolÅv
L wmcvwn weG`ËvGni cÉZÅÞ KviY nGjv ‰bwdΣ bvgK wbGq MwVZ nq cwøgeã cÉG`k| ‰i ivRavbx nq KjKvZv|
ivBGdGji PwegÆ vLvGbv KvZÆyR ˆhUvGZ Mi‚ ev ÷KGii PweÆ eGj cƒeÆeã I Avmvg cÉG`Gki MfbÆi wbhyÚ nb mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ
cÉPvi Kiv nGqwQj| dzjvi ‰es cwøgeGãi MfbÆi wbhyÚ nb ‰´£Èy ˆdÌRvi|

1856 mvGj weËwUk miKvi ‰bwdΣ ivBGdj bvGg ‰K cÉKvi cÉk² 2 iwngcyi DcGRjvi meGPGq eo ‰KwU BDwbqb
bZzb e±`yK Pvjy KGi| ‰B e±`Gy Ki KvZzÆR wQj PweÆhyÚ ‰es nGjv AvjxbMi| ZvB ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvGbi cGÞ mgMÉ BDwbqb
ˆmB PweÆ Mi‚ ev ÷KGii PweÆ eGj cÉPvi wQj| Mi‚i gvsm ev cwiPvjbv Kiv AZů¦ KwVb nGq cGo| ‰RbÅ KZ‡ÆcÞ
PweÆ wn±`yG`i wbKU ‰es ÷KGii gvsm ev PweÆ gymjgvbG`i cÉkvmwbK myweavG^Æ AvjxbMiGK cƒeÆ I cwøg ‰B `yB fvGM
RbÅ wbwl«¬ weavq H KvZzÆR eÅenvi wn±`y I gymjgvb Dfq wefÚ Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGi| ‰GZ cƒeÆ AvjxbMievmx Lywk
mÁ·Ë`vGqi wbKU agÆ bvk eGj weGewPZ nq| dGj ZvG`i gGaÅ nq| KviY ZvG`i `xNÆw`Gbi ŠelGgÅi Aemvb NUGe| wK¯§
ˆÞvGfi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰iB ˆcÉwÞGZ wmcvwn weG`Ëvn msNwUZ nq| cwøg AvjxbMievmx ‰B wm«¬vG¯¦ nZvk nq| KviY ZvG`i
cÉfve KGg hvGe| ZvB Zviv ‰i wei‚G«¬ ZxeË AvG±`vjb MGo
M DóxcGKi DwÍwÏ LZ NUbvi mvG^ HwZnvwmK eãfGãi ˆZvGj| dGj KZ‡ÆcÞ wm«¬v¯¦wU evwZj KGi|
wgj iGqGQ|
wkLbdj: 4 [w`. ˆev. 2016]
ˆ`Gki meÆ`wÞGY AewÕ©Z ‘K’ BDwbqbwU AvqZGb AGbK eo
‰es RbmsLÅvI wecyj nIqvi KviGY ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvGbi cGÞ
‰Z eo BDwbqb wbq¯¨Y Kiv KwVb| ZvB BDwbqGbi ‰K wekvj
RbGMvÓ¤x c†^K BDwbqb MVGbi `vwe Rvbvq| KZƆcÞ ZvGZ
mvov w`Gq cÉkvmwbK, A^Æ‹bwZK I wewf®² KviY ˆ`wLGq
BDwbqbwUGK wefÚ KGi `ywU BDwbqb MVGbi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY
KGi| cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvGZI ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, jWÆ KvRÆb fviZ
mwPeGK wjGLwQGjb ˆh, ‰KwU gvò ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK ‰Zeo I
Rbeüj ‰jvKv kvmb Kiv mÁ¿e bq| bZzb cÉG`Gki AvqZb
wQj `yB jÞ eMÆgvBj| ‰i ˆjvKmsLÅv wQj 7 ˆKvwU 80 jvL|
‰KRb MfbGÆ ii cGÞ ‰Zeo ‰jvKv cwiPvjbv Kiv cÉvq

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

K. fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉm MwVZ nq KLb? 1 iÞvi RbÅ 1906 mvGj ‘wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxM’ bvgK
‰KwU ivR‹bwZK msMVb cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| Aciw`GK, wn±`y
L. w«-¼ RvwZZî½ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 RbMY eãfã i` Kivi RbÅ weËwUkweGivax AvG±`vjb ÷i‚
KGi| ‰K chÆvGq PvGci gyGL weËwUk miKvi 1911 mvGj
M. DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ NUbvi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi ˆKvb eãfã i` KGi| dGj fviZxq DcgnvG`Gk wn±`y gymwjg
mÁ·ËxwZ bÓ¡ nq| eãfã iG`i dGj gymjgvbG`i ivR‹bwZK
HwZnvwmK NUbvi wgj cvIqv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 mGPZbZv e†w«¬ cvq| gymjgvb RbMY eySGZ cvGi ˆh, Avcm
bq, eis msMÉvGgi cG^ ZvG`iGK D®²wZ I Õ¼vaxbZvi cG^
N. ‘DÚ NUbvwU ZrKvjxb weËwUk-fviGZi ivR‹bwZK AMÉmi nGZ nGe|

ˆPZbvi ‰K bZzb w`K DG¯ÃvPb KGi|’ -DwÚwU

weGkÏlY Ki| 4

2bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉm MwVZ nq 1885 mvGj|

L w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½ fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb RvwZ I cÉk² 3 ‘K’ AçjwU wQj AvqZb I RbmsLÅvq weËwUk-

ivÓ¡Ç MVGbi gvaÅGg weËwUk fviZGK ivR‹bwZKfvGe wefÚ fviGZi e†nîg cÉG`k| ‰KRb kvmGKi cGÞ ‰Zeo cÉG`Gki
Kivi wbYvÆ qK I Av`kÆvkÉqx ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK gZev`|
kvmbKvhÆ cwiPvjbv Kiv wQj KÓ¡Ki| ZvB cÉG`kwUGK `y’wU
1940 mvGj gymwjg jxM ˆbZv ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn& w«-¼ RvwZ
ZGîi½ DG¯Ãl NUvb| Zvi gGZ wn±`y gymjgvb Dfq mÁ·É`vqB fvGM fvM Kiv nq| jÞÅ wQj cÉkvmwbK, ivR‹bwZK I
c†^K agÆxq `kÆb, mvgvwRK ixwZ, mvwnZÅ, Rxeb I Rxeb
aviY, BwZnvm cÉf‡wZi ˆÞGò `ywU c†^K cÉK‡Z AeÕ©vi gGaÅ A^Æ‹bwZK mgD®²qb| weËwUk miKvi ‰ AçGji gvbylGK kvmb
AeÕ©vb KGi| myZivs RvZxqZvi gvb`Gí wn±`y I gymjgvb
c†^K RvwZ| Zvi ‰ gZev`wUB w«¼-RvwZ Zî½ bvGg cwiwPZ| Kivi DGóGkÅ cÉG`kwUGK fvM KiGjI ‰wU wQj ‰KwU AsGki

cÉvGYi `vwe| ‰KwU Ask DcK‡Z nGjI Aci AsGki mvweÆK

weGivwaZv I AmnGhvwMZvi KviGY Zv cybivq ‰Kxf„Z Kiv nq|

wkLbdj: 4 [P. ˆev. 2016]

M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ NUbvi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi eãfã K. meÆfviZxq RvZxq KsGMmÉ KLb MwVZ nq? 1

bvgK HwZnvwmK NUbvi wgj cvIqv hvq| wbGÁ² NUbvwU eÅvLÅv L. divGqwR AvG±`vjb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
Kiv nGjv@
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ‘K’ AçGji wefvRGbi mvG^ ˆZvgvi

cwVZ ˆKvb HwZnvwmK NUbvi wgj AvGQ? eÅvLÅv

weËwUk miKvi cÉkvmwbK, ivR‹bwZK, A^Æ‹bwZK ‰es KGiv| 3
mvgvwRK myweavG^Æ evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖGK fvM KGib| weËwUk
fviGZi kvmbZvw¯¨K msÕ•vi I AMÉMwZi ˆÞGò eãfãGK N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cvVÅeBGqi HwZnvwmK NUbvwUi
‰KwU ZvrchÆcƒYÆ c`GÞc wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq|
eãfGãi ˆcQGb ckÉ vmwbK KviY wQj ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| cÉvq `yB h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
jÞ eMÆgvBj AvqZb wewkÓ¡ ‰B wekvj f„LíGK ‰KRb
MfbGÆ ii cGÞ kvmb Kiv cÉvq AmÁ¿e wQj| Aciw`GK, weËwUk 3bs cÉGk²i Dîi
miKvGii wPivPwiZ cÉkvmwbK bxwZ wQj ‘fvM Ki I kvmb
Ki’ bxwZ| ‰GÞGò Zviv fviZeGlÆi cÉavb `ywU agÆGK nvwZqvi K meÆfviZxq RvZxq KsGMmÉ 1885 mvGj MwVZ nq|
wnGmGe eÅenvi KGi| cÉK‡ZcGÞ, fviZxqG`i RvZxqZvev`x
AvG±`vjbGK bmÅvr Kivi RbÅ weËwUk miKvi eãfã Kivi L ‘divGqwR AvG±`vjb’ nGjv agÆxq msÕ•vi AvG±`vjb, hv
wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY I evÕ¦evqb KGi|
nvRx kwiqZDÍÏvn cÉeZÆb KGib| ‘diR’ kõwU ˆ^GK divGqwR
N ‘DÚ NUbvwU ZrKvjxb weËwUk fviGZi ivR‹bwZK ˆPZbvi kõwU ‰GmGQ| ‘diR kGõi A^Æ AekÅ cvjbxq|

‰K bZzb w`K DG¯ÃvPb KGi’ DwÚwU wbGÁ² weGkÏlY Kiv nvRx kwiqZDÍÏvni mgq gymjgvb mgvGR bvbv aiGbi
nGjv@ KzmsÕ•vi I weagÆx AvPvi AbyÓ¤vb weivRgvb wQj|
gymjgvbG`i AvPvi AvPiGY wn±`y cÉfve wQj| Zviv kxZjv
weËwUk fviGZi ivR‹bwZK BwZnvGm eãfã ‰es cieZÆxGZ cƒRv, em¯¦ cƒRv, Kvjx cƒRv, gniGg gvZg, ˆfjv fvmvGbv
eãfã i` AbÅZg NUbv| cÉ^Gg weËwUk kvmKG`i wPivPwiZ BZÅvw` bvbv A‹bmjvwgK KvGR RwoGq cGo| ‰gZveÕ©vq
fvM Ki I kvmb Ki bxwZ RqhyÚ nq| Zviv ˆKŒkGj wn±`y I nvRx kwiqZDÍÏvn evsjvi AacwZZ gymwjg mgvR ˆ^GK
gymwjg RbMGYi gGaÅ weG«¼l m†wÓ¡GZ mg^Æ nq| eãfã «¼viv KzmsÕ•vi I A‹bmjvwgK KgÆKví wbimGbi RbÅ ˆPÓ¡v KGi|
weËwUkiv fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjb bmÅvr Kivi myGhvM
jvf KGi| eãfã wn±`y gymwjg RbMGYi gGaÅ mvÁ·Ë`vwqK M DóxcGK ewYÆZ ‘K’ AçGji wefvRGbi mvG^ Avgvi cwVZ
ˆPZbvi wele†Þ ˆivcY KGi| ‰B mvÁ·Ë`vwqK ˆPZbvB
cieZÆxGZ fviZ wefvMGK Ri‚wi KGi ˆZvGj| eãfã gymwjg HwZnvwmK NUbv eãfGãi wgj iGqGQ|
RvZxqZvevG`i exR ecb KGi| gymjgvb RbMY wbGRG`i Õ¼v^Æ
‘K’ AçjwU wQj AvqZb I RbmsLÅvq weËwUk-fviGZi e†nîg
cÉG`k| ‰KRb kvmGKi cGÞ ‰Zeo cÉG`Gki kvmbKvhÆ
cwiPvjbv Kiv wQj KÓ¡Ki| ZvB cÉG`kwUGK `y’wU fvGM fvM
Kiv nq| jÞÅ wQj cÉkvmwbK, ivR‹bwZK I A^Æ‹bwZK
mgD®²qb| weËwUk miKvi ‰ AçGji gvbylGK kvmb Kivi
DGóGkÅ cÉG`kwUGK fvM KiGjI ‰wU wQj ‰KwU AsGki cÉvGYi

weËwUk fviGZ cÉwZwbwaZ½kxj miKvGii weKvk 3

`vwe| cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvGZI ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, jWÆ KvRÆb fviZ wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| ‰GZ Avi ‰K cÞ welqwUi weGivwaZv KGi| ZGe
mwPeGK wjGLwQGjb ˆh, ‰KwU gvò ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK ‰Zeo I
Rbeüj ‰jvKv kvmb Kiv mÁ¿e bq| bZzb cÉG`Gki AvqZb ‰B wefwÚ ˆewkw`b Õ©vwqZ½ cvqwb ‰es ‰KwU cÞ ‰K bZzb
wQj `yB jÞ eMÆgvBj| ‰i ˆjvKmsLÅv wQj 7 ˆKvwU 80 jvL|
‰KRb MfbGÆ ii cGÞ ‰Zeo ‰jvKv cwiPvjbv Kiv cÉvq ivR‹bwZK msMVb ŠZwi KGi|
AmÁ¿e| ZvQvov myPZzi weËwUk miKvi fviZxq RbmvaviGYi
gvGS ivR‹bwZK ˆPZbvGK aywjmÅvr Kivi RbÅ ‘fvM Ki, wkLbdj: 4 [wm. ˆev. 2016] A
kvmb Ki’ bxwZi cÉGqvM NUvGbvi RbÅ eãfã mÁ·®²
KGiwQj| K. KZ mvGj meÆfviZxq wbwLj KsGMÉm R¯Ãjvf KGi? 1

DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^ L. wR®²vni w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½ mÁ·GKÆ Zzwg Kx Rvb? 2
weËwUk fviGZi eãfGãi wgj iGqGQ| M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ NUbvi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi

N DóxcGKi HwZnvwmK NUbvwU nGjv ‘eãfã’| wbGPi HwZnvwmK ˆh NUbvi wgj iGqGQ Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3

eãfGãi h^v^ÆZv gƒjvqb Kiv nGjv@ N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cvVÅeBGqi HwZnvwmK NUbvwUi

weËwUk fviGZi ivR‹bwZK BwZnvGm eãfã AbÅZg AvGjvob djvdj gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
m†wÓ¡Kvix NUbv| eãfGãi djvdj wQj my`ƒicÉmvix| `j
wnGmGe gymwjg jxGMi R¯Ã, Õ¼Z¯¨ wbevÆPGbi AwaKvi cÉvwµ¦, 4bs cÉGk²i Dîi
eãfã iG`i ÞwZcƒiY wnGmGe XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v wQj
eãfGãiB djvdj| K 1885 mvGj meÆfviZxq wbwLj KsGMÉm R¯Ã jvf KGi|

1. 1906 mvGji 30 wWGmÁi¼ XvKvq wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxM L w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½ fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb RvwZ I
MwVZ nq| hv eãfGãi ‰KwU djvdj|
ivÓ¡Ç MVGbi gvaÅGg weËwUk fviZGK ivR‹bwZKfvGe wefÚ
2. XvKvGK ivRavbx ˆNvlYv Kiv nGjI ‰i RbÅ DchyÚ Kivi wbYvÆ qK I Av`kÆvkÉqx ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK gZev`|
ˆfŒZAeKvVvGgvi myGhvM wQj bv| ‰RbÅ MfbiÆ nvDm
mwPevjq, KgÆKZÆvG`i RbÅ Õ¡vd ˆKvqvUÆvi I ivÕ¦vNvU 1940 mvGj gymwjg jxM ˆbZv ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®v² n& w«-¼ RvwZ
wbgÆvY ‰es cvwb, we`yÅr I cqtwbÓ•vkGbi eÅeÕ©v Kiv ZGîi½ DG¯Ãl NUvb| Zvi gGZ wn±`y gymjgvb Dfq mÁ·É`vqB
nq| c†^K agÆxq `kÆb, mvgvwRK ixwZ, mvwnZÅ, Rxeb I Rxeb
aviY, BwZnvm cÉf‡wZi ˆÞGò `ywU c†^K cÉK‡Z AeÕ©vi gGaÅ
3. eãfGãi dGj wkÞvGÞGò wcwQGq ^vKv cƒeÆeã I AeÕ©vb KGi| myZivs RvZxqZvi gvb`Gí wn±`y I gymjgvb
AvmvGgi wkÞvi D®²qGbi RbÅ miKvi bvbvgyLx c`GÞc c†^K RvwZ| Zvi ‰ gZev`wUB w«¼-RvwZ Zî½ bvGg cwiwPZ|

MÉnY KGi| ˆhgbgyivwiPuv` KGjRGK miKvwiKiY, M DóxcGKi DwÍwÏ LZ NUbvi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi HwZnvwmK
RM®v² ^ KGjRGK cÉ^g ˆkÉwYGZ Dw®²ZKiY, ˆemiKvwi
KGjGR Aby`vb cÉ`vb, wkÞK msLÅv ew† «¬, bZzb feb wbgÆvY eãfGãi NUbvi wgj iGqGQ|
BZÅvw`|
DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvq, gvgyGbi BDwbqbwU AvqZGb AGbK eo|
4. eãfGãi dGj bZzb cÉG`Gk wn±`y I gymjgvbG`i gaÅKvi RbmsLÅvI AGbK ˆewk| ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvGbi cGÞ cyGiv
weGiva AZů¦ ZxeË AvKvi aviY KGi| Õ¼Z¯¨ mvÁ·É`vwqK BDwbqb wbq¯¨Y Kiv KwVb| BDwbqGbi AwaevmxG`i ‰KwU
cwiPq mÁ·GKÆ AwaKZi mGPZb gymjgvb ˆbZe‡ †±` ZvG`i Ask Ea»ZÆ b KZƆcGÞi KvGQ welqwU ZzGj aGi| dGj
mÁ·É`vGqi wewf®² kvLvGK ‰KwòZ Kivi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| hvGZ cÉkvmwbK, ivR‹bwZK cÉf‡wZ wewf®² KviY ˆ`wLGq KZƆcÞ
wn±`y mÁ·É`vGqi wei‚G«¬ ‰KwU cÉwZcÞ AvG±`vjb MGo BDwbqbwUGK wefÚ Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvGZI
ˆZvjv nq| ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, jWÆ KvRÆb fviZ mwPeGK wjGLwQGjb ˆh, ‰KwU
gvò ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK ‰Zeo I Rbeüj ‰jvKv kvmb Kiv mÁ¿e
5. weËwUkiv ZvG`i wPivqZ cÉ^v ‘fvM Ki I kvmb Ki’ bxwZi bq| bZzb cÉG`Gki AvqZb wQj `yB jÞ eMÆgvBj| ‰i
Õ¼v^ÆK cÉGqvM KGi eãfGãi gvaÅGg, hv ZvG`i kvmbGK ˆjvKmsLÅv wQj 7 ˆKvwU 80 jvL| ‰KRb MfbGÆ ii cGÞ
`xNÆvwqZ KiGZ mnvqZv KGi| ‰Zeo ‰jvKv cwiPvjbv Kiv cÉvq AmÁ¿e| ZvQvov myPZzi
weËwUk miKvi fviZxq RbmvaviGYi gvGS ivR‹bwZK
cÉk² 4 gvgyGbi BDwbqbwU AvqZGb AGbK eo| RbmsLÅvI ˆPZbvGK aywjmÅvr Kivi RbÅ ‘fvM Ki, kvmb Ki’ bxwZi
AGbK ˆewk| ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvGbi cGÞ cyGiv BDwbqb wbq¯¨Y cÉGqvM NUvGbvi RbÅ eãfã mÁ·®² KGiwQj|
Kiv KwVb| BDwbqGbi AwaevmxG`i ‰KwU Ask Ea»ZÆ b
KZƆcGÞi KvGQ welqwU ZzGj aGi| dGj cÉkvmwbK, ivR‹bwZK DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^
cÉf‡wZ wewf®² KviY ˆ`wLGq KZƆcÞ BDwbqbwUGK wefÚ Kivi weËwUk fviGZi eãfGãi wgj iGqGQ|

N DóxcGKi eYÆbvq HwZnvwmK eãfGãi BwãZ iGqGQ|
wbGP cvVÅeBGqi HwZnvwmK eãfã NUbvwUi djvdj
gƒjÅvqb Kiv nGjv

weËwUk fviGZi kvmbZvw¯¨K BwZnvGm 1905 mvGji eãfã
weGkl ZvrchÆcƒYÆ NUbv| weËwUk kvmGbi ˆMvov ˆ^GKB
KjKvZv Z^v mgMÉ cwøg evsjvGK wNGiB D®²qb KvhÆKÌg

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cwiPvwjZ nGZv| weËwUk miKvGii c†Ó¤GcvlKZvq KjKvZvq XvKvi beve mÅvi mwjgyÍvÏ n| eãfGãi ˆhŒwÚKZv weGePbv
wk͸KviLvbv, wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb, Awdm-Av`vjZ BZÅvw` MGo KGi Z`vbx¯¦b MfbÆi ˆRbvGij jWÆ KvRÆb 1905 mvGji 1
IGV| cƒeÆevsjv eÅemv-evwYRÅ, wkÞv, PvKwi cÉf‡wZ w`K ˆ^GK ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i PëMÉvg, XvKv I ivRkvnx wefvM ‰es Avmvgmn
KjKvZvi Ici wbfÆikxj nGq cGo ‰es ZvG`i D®²qb eÅvnZ ‘cƒeÆeã I Avmvg’ bvGg bZzb ‰K cÉG`k m†wÓ¡ KGib| bZzb
nGZ ^vGK| AbÅw`GK, KjKvZvi abx I mvg¯¦ wn±`yG`i cÉG`Gki ivRavbx nq XvKv| cwøg evsjv, wenvi I DwolÅv
AvwacZÅ I AZÅvPvGi cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMY w`Gknviv nGq cGo| wbGq MwVZ nq cwøgeã cÉG`k| ‰i ivRavbx nq KjKvZv|
cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMGYi Õ¼v^Æ iÞvi Õ¼vG^Æ gymwjg jxM ˆbZ‡e†±` cƒeÆ cƒeÆeã I Avmvg cÉG`Gki MfbÆi wbhyÚ nb mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ
evsjvGK Avjv`v cÉG`ki…Gc MGo ˆZvjvi RbÅ weËwUk miKvGii dzjvi ‰es cwøgeGãi MfbÆi wbhyÚ nb ‰´£Èy ˆdÌRvi|
wbKU `vwe Dïvcb KGi| eãfGãi AbÅZg DG`ÅvÚv nGjb

cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cÉGk²vîi

cÉk² 5 w«¼Zxq wek¼hy«¬ RGqi ci weRqx wgòkwÚ HKÅe«¬ cGo| ZvB gymjgvbG`i eãfGãi `vwe cƒiY ‰es
RvgÆvwbi AvG±`vjGbi fGq RvgÆvwbGK cƒeÆ I cwøGg `yB fvGM KjKvZvGKw±`ÊK RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjb bmÅvr Kivi RbÅ jWÆ
wefÚ KGi ˆ`q| 1990 mvGj cƒeÆ I cwøg RvgÆvwb Avevi KvRÆb eãfGãi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| ZvQvov weËwUk AvgGj gymjgvb
HKÅe«¬ ‰KwU RvgÆvwbGZ cwiYZ nq| wkLbdj-4 I 5 mÁ·É`vq PigfvGe ˆkvwlZ I ewçZ nq| ZvB ‰i gvaÅGg
K. ˆeãj cÅvGÙi gƒj ic… Kvi ˆK? 1 ZvG`i Av^-Æ mvgvwRK I cÉkvmwbK ˆÞGò wewf®² myGhvM-myweav
L. fvmvbxGK gRjyg RbGbZv ejv nq ˆKb? 2 ˆ`IqviI BœQv wQj weËwUk miKvGii| ‰me KviGY 1905
M. DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi ˆKvb NUbvi mvGj eãfã Kiv nGqwQj| hv DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^
wgj AvGQ? `yBwU KviYmn AvGjvPbv Ki| 3 mvgémÅcƒYÆ| A
N. “DcgnvG`Gki NUbvwUi wefwÚKiGYi cÉfve wQj
wecixZagÆx|”@ weGkÏlY Ki| 4 N DcgnvG`Gki NUbvwUi wefwÚKiGYi cÉfve wQj
wecixZagÆx@ DwÚwU h^v^Æ| A
5bs cÉGk²i Dîi eãfGãi dGj DcgnvG`Gki wn±`y I gymjgvbG`i gGaÅ
mÁ·ƒYÆ wecixZ cÉwZwKÌqv m†wÓ¡ nq| wn±`y mÁ·É`vq eãfGãi
K ˆeãj cÅvGÙi gƒj i…cKvi ˆ`ke®¬y wPîiéb `vk| NUbvGK evOvwj RvwZi weKvkgvb msnwZ I ˆPZbvi Ici
AvNvZ eGj eYÆbv KGi| Avi gymjgvbiv gGb KGi eãfGãi
L ˆkvwlZ I wbcxwoZ gvbylG`i Õ¼v^Æ wbGq AvRxeb dGj ZvG`i Õ¼v^iÆ Þv nGe|
AvG±`vjb-msMÉvg Kivi KviGYB gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb eãfGãi dGj evsjvi gymjgvbiv ZvG`i AwaKvi wdGi
fvmvbxGK gRjyg RbGbZv ejv nq| cvIqvi Avkvq DäxweZ nq| cƒeÆ evsjv bvGg bZzb cÉG`k
nIqvq XvKvGK ˆK±`Ê KGi wewf®² wk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vb, Awdm,
lvGUi `kGK AvBqye kvmbweGivax AvG±`vjGb wZwb wQGjb ‰K Av`vjZ, wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo IGV| ZGe eãeGãi dGj
R¾vjvgqx K¥¤| wZwb meÆ`vB mvGgÅi K^v eGjGQb| K‡lK- wn±`yiv ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nq| ZvG`i A^Æ‹bwZK RxebeÅeÕ©v wechÆGqi
kÉwgGKi gywÚ I RbAwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vq wZwb ‰K ewjÓ¤ f„wgKvq mÁÃyLxb nq| `yB mÁ·É`vGqi Ici eãfGãi ‰B wecixZagÆx
AeZxYÆ nb| 1969 mvGji MYAfzÅïvGb Zvi myGhvMÅ ˆbZG‡ Z½i cÉfvGei dGj mvÁ·É`vwqK ˆPZbvi wele†Þ ˆivwcZ nq| wn±`yiv
K^v meÆRbwew`Z| eãfã iG`i RbÅ ZxeË AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGj| ZvG`i
eãfã i` AvG±`vjbGK ˆgvKvwejv Kivi RbÅ gymjgvbiv
M DóxcGKi NUbvwU weËwUk fviGZi HwZnvwmK eãfGãi gymwjg jxM bvgK ivR‹bwZK msMVb MGo ˆZvGj|
mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ| AvcvZ`†wÓ¡GZ, eãfã gymwjg Õ¼vG^Æi AbyK„Gj ^vKGjI
cÉK‡ZcGÞ ‰i «¼viv weËwUkG`i loh¯¨ evÕ¦evwqZ nq| KviY
weËwUk fviGZi ivR‹bwZK BwZnvGm 1905 mvGji eãfã ‰GZ ZvG`i ‘fvM Ki, kvmb Ki’ bxwZi weRq nq|
‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ NUbv| weËwUk MfbiÆ jWÆ KvRÆGbi eãeGãi dGj weËwUk miKvi ˆKŒkGj KjKvZvGKw±`ÊK
kvmbvgGj eãfã Kiv nq| gƒjZ cÉkvmwbK myweavG^Æ evsjv meÆfviZxq RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjb bmÅvr Kivi myGhvM jvf
cÉG`kGK fvM Kiv nGjI ‰i ˆcQGb mvgvwRK, A^Æ‹bwZK I KGi| ‰Qvov eãfGãi KviGY ivRbxwZGZ DMÉ wn±`y
ivR‹bwZK KviYI we`Ågvb wQj| RvZxqZvevG`i weÕ¦vi NGU|
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, eãeGãi cÉfvGe cwøgeGãi wn±`y
1905 mvGji cƒGeÆ weËwUk fviGZ AwefÚ eã cÉG`kB wQj AvwacGZÅi Aemvb NGU ‰es gymjgvbG`i D®²qGbi c^
meGPGq eo cÉG`k| ‰i AvqZb wQj cÉvq 1 jÞ 89 nvRvi cÉmvwiZ nq|
eMÆgvBj| ‰KRb MfbGÆ ii cGÞ ‰Z eo cÉG`Gki kvmbKvR
cwiPvjbv Kiv wQj KÓ¡Ki| ZvB cÉkvmwbK KvGRi myweavi
RbÅ eãfã Kiv nq| ‰Qvov evsjv cÉG`Gki cyGiv A^Æ‹bwZK
D®²qbgƒjK KgKÆ ví ivRavbx KjKvZvGK ˆK±`Ê KGi cwiPvwjZ
nGZv| ‰GZ cƒeÆeGãi RbMY ewçZ nGq Pig nZvk nGq

weËwUk fviGZ cÉwZwbwaZ½kxj miKvGii weKvk 5

cÉk² 6 mvGjnv KvRÆb nGji Õ©vcZÅ‹kjx ˆ`GL gy™¬ nq| DóxcGK mvGjnv XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi KvRÆb nj I dzjvi
ˆivGW weËwUk KvDw´Öj jvBGeËwi ˆ`LGZ cvq| ‰B KvRÆb nj I
dzjvi ˆivGW AewÕ©Z weËwUk KvDw´Öj jvBGeËix I XvKv dzjvi ˆivGWi bvgKiY nGqGQ jWÆ KvRÆb I mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ
dzjvGii bvgvbymvGi| Avi jWÆ KvRÆb I mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ dzjvi
wek¼we`ÅvjGqi jvBGeËwiGZ wecyj eBGqi mgvnvi ˆ`GL AevK DcGivwÍÏwLZfvGe eãfGãi ˆÞGò Ae`vb ivGLb| ZvB ejv
hvq, eãfGãi mvG^ jWÆ KvRÆb I mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ dzjvGii
nq| Zvi wkÞK ejGjb, ‰ Õ©vGbB 1906 mvGj ‰gb ‰KwU Mfxi mÁ·KÆ iGqGQ|

ivR‹bwZK msMVGbi R¯Ã nGqwQj, ˆh msMVbwUi ˆbZG‡ Z½

aGgÆi wfwîGZ fviZelÆ wefÚ nGq cvwKÕ¦vb ivGÓ¡Çi R¯Ã nq|

wkLbdj-4 I 6 N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ kvnevGM R¯ÃMÉnYKvix ivR‹bwZK
msMVbwU nGjv gymwjg jxM| cvwKÕ¦vb ivGÓ¡Çi RG¯Ãi ˆÞGò ‰
K. fviGZi ˆKvb MfbiÆ ˆRbvGiGji mgq eãfã Kiv msMVbwUi f„wgKv LyeB ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ|

nq? 1 fviZeGlÆi ivR‹bwZK I kvmbZvw¯¨K AMÉMwZGZ ‰es
cieZÆxKvGj cvwKÕ¦vb I fviZ bvGgi `ywU Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡Ç m†wÓ¡i
L. w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½ Kx? 2 ˆÞGò 1906 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z gymwjg jxM ‰K AbbÅ f„wgKv
cvjb KGi| gymwjg jxGMi AaxGbB cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆgvnvÁÃ`
M. DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ KvRbÆ nj ‰es dzjvi ˆivGWi Avjx wR®²vn ‘w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½’ (Two Nation Theory) ZzGj
aGib| ‰i wfwîGZ 1947 mvGj fviZelÆ wefÚ nGq cvwKÕ¦vb
mvG^ ˆh `yRb eÅwÚi bvg RwoZ eãfGãi mvG^ I fviZ bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg ivGÓ¡Çi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰Qvov
1940 mvGji HwZnvwmK jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGe cÉ^gevGii gGZv
ZvG`i mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 gymwjg jxM fviZeGlÆi msKU mgvavGbi RbÅ mywbw`ÆÓ¡ I
myÕ·Ó¡ cÉÕ¦ve ˆck KGi| ‰B jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGei wfwî wQj
N. cvwKÕ¦vb ivGÓ¡Çi RG¯Ãi ˆÞGò DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wR®²vni w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½| ‰ w«-¼ RvwZ ZGîi½ wfwîGZ gymjgvbiv
ZvG`i c†^K Avevmf„wgi cÉGqvRbxqZv ZGz j aGib|
kvnevGM R¯ÃMÉnYKvix ivR‹bwZK msMVGbi f„wgKv
AZ‰e ejv hvq, cvwKÕ¦vb ivGÓ¡Çi RG¯Ãi ˆÞGò kvnevGM
gƒjÅvqb Ki| 4 R¯ÃMÉnYKvix gymwjg jxGMi f„wgKv wQj LyeB ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ|

6bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K fviGZi MfbiÆ ˆRbvGij jWÆ KvRÆGbi mgq eãfã Kiv
nq|

L ‘w«¼RvwZ Zî½’ nGjv fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡Ç
MVGbi ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK gZev`|

ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®v² n 1940 mvGji 22 gvPÆ jvGnvGi AbywÓ¤Z cÉk² 7 mƒòvcyi BDwbqbwU AGbK eo ‰es wecyj RbmsLÅv
gymwjg jxGMi KvDw´ÖGj mfvcwZi fvlGY gymjgvbG`i RbÅ
‰KwU Õ¼Z¯¨ Avevmf„wg MVGbi jGÞÅ ‘w«¼RvwZ Zî½’ ˆNvlYv AayÅwlZ| ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvbi cGÞ ‰Z eo Açj wbq¯¨Y Kiv
KGib| Zvi gGZ, wn±`-y gymjgvb Dfq mÁ·É`vqB agÆxq `kÆb,
mvgvwRK ixwZ, Rxeb cwiPvjbv, mvwnZÅ, BwZnvm cÉf‡wZ ˆÞGò KwVb nGq coGj ‰K AsGki AwaevmxG`i cÞ ˆ^GK wefwÚi
`ywU Õ¼Z¯¨ AeÕ©vGb iGqGQ| myZivs RvZxqZvi gvb`Gí Zviv
c†^K `ywU RvwZ| Zvi ‰B gZev`wU ‘w«¼RvwZ Zî½’ bvGg `vwe DGV| Ea»ÆZb KZ‡ÆcÞ AvGiv wewf®² cÉGqvRbxqZvi wbwiGL
cwiwPZ|
mƒòvcyi BDwbqbwU `yBfvGM wefÚ KGi| ‰GZ Aci ‰K cÞ

wefwÚi ZxeË weGivaxZv KGi| dGj ‰ wefwÚ ˆewkw`b Õ©vwqZ½

cvqwb| wkLbdj-4 I 5

K. cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqî½kvmb Kx? 1

M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ KvRÆb nj ‰es dzjvi ˆivGWi mvG^ jWÆ L. fvM Ki I kvmb Ki bxwZ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
KvRÆb I mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ dzjvGii bvg RwoZ|
M. DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi HwZnvwmK
1905 mvGj eãfã nGj XvKv, ivRkvnx I PëMÉvg wefvM I
Avmvg wbGq MwVZ nq cƒeÆeã I Avmvg cÉG`k ‰es cwøg ˆh NUbvi wgj iGqGQ Zv eÅvLÅv Ki| 3
evsjv, wenvi I DwolÅv wbGq MwVZ nq cwøgeã cÉG`k| Avi
eãfGãi RbÅ jWÆ KvRÆbGK mvweÆKfvGe mvnvhÅ I civgkÆ N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK HwZnvwmK wefwÚ ˆKb Õ©vwqZ½
cÉ`vb KGiwQGjb Awfæ cÉkvmK mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ dzjvi| ‰
RbÅ eãfGãi ci mÅvi eÅvgwdΣ dzjvi beMwVZ ‘cƒeÆeã I cvqwb-eÅvLÅv Ki| 4
Avmvg’ cÉG`Gki MfbÆi wbhyÚ nGqwQGjb|
7bs cÉGk²i Dîi
jWÆ KvRÆb 1902 mvGj fviZ mwPeGK eãfGãi
cÉGqvRbxqZvi K^v RvwbGq wPwV w`GqwQGjb| ‰ici weËwUk K cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb ejGZ cÉG`kàGjvi wbRÕ¼ Õ¼vaxb
miKvGii AbygwZKÌGg jWÆ KvRÆb 1905 mvGji 1 ˆmG¶ŸÁi¼ kvmbeÅeÕ©vGK ˆevSvq|
eãfã ˆNvlYv KGib ‰es 15 AGÙvei ˆ^GK Zv KvhKÆ i
KGib| L fvM Ki I kvmb Ki bxwZ nGjv weËwUkG`i KZ‡ÆK fviZxq
DcgnvG`k kvmb Kivi ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK ˆKŒkj|

weËwUkiv 190 eQi fviZelÆ kvmb KGi| ‰ `xNÆ mgq Zviv ‰
DcgnvG`Gk bvbv ˆkvlY, AZÅvPvi-wbhÆvZb PvwjGqGQ| Zviv
‰K cÞGK Lywk KGi wbGRG`i cGÞ ˆiGL kvmbeÅeÕ©vGK

6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cvKvGcvÚ Kivi cwiK͸bv KGiwQj| ZvB Zviv myGKŒkGj wn±`y IcGii AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, wn±`y mÁ·É`vGqi Pig
I gymjgvbG`i gGaÅ mvÁ·É`vwqK ŠelgÅ m†wÓ¡ KGi ‰es DMÉ weGivwaZv ‰es AmnGhvwMZvi KviGY eãfã Õ©vwqZ½ cvqwb|
agÆGKw±`ÊK mvÁ·É`vwqKZvi exR QwoGq ˆ`q| hvi djkÉ‚wZGZ
wn±`y I gymwjgiv ‰GK AGbÅi RbÅ kò‚GZ cwiYZ nq| Avi ‰ cÉk² 8 ‰wkqv gnvG`Gki mgw† «¬kvjx ‰KwU ˆ`Gk ‰KwU
myGhvGM weËwUkiv ZvG`i AvKvw›ÞZ fvM Ki I kvmb Ki weËwUk ewYK ˆKvÁ·vwb QGj-eGj ˆKŒkGj wbGRG`i kvmb
bxwZwU KvhÆKi KiGZ Zrci nq| cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| Zviv ‰G`Gki cÉavb `ywU agÆxq mÁ·É`vGqi gGaÅ
myGKŒkGj A‹bKÅ I mG±`Gni exR ecb KGi| ‰fvGe ‘fvM
M DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi HwZnvwmK NUbv Ki I kvmb Ki’ ˆKŒkj KvGR jvwMGq Zviv cÉvq `yk eQi
eãfGãi mvG^ wgj iGqGQ| ˆ`kwUGK kvmb-ˆkvlY KGi| ‰KRb weËwUk eojvU ‰G`kwUi
me ˆ^GK wkwÞZ I D®²Z cÉG`kGK cÉkvmwbK myweavi ˆ`vnvB
eãfã ejGZ 1905 mvGj evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖGK 2 fvGM wefÚ w`Gq wefÚ KiGj eo `ywU agÆxq mÁ·É`vGqi gGaÅ
KivGK ˆevSvq| weËwUk fviGZ AwefÚ evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖB wQj mvÁ·É`vwqKZvi welevÓ· QwoGq cGo|
meGPGq eo cÉG`k| ‰B wekvj AvqZbwewkÓ¡ Rbeüj eã
cÉG`Gk ‰KRb cÉkvmGKi cGÞ ivRavbx KjKvZv ˆ^GK wkLbdj: 4 A
mykvmb cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv mÁ¿e wQj bv| ‰ RbÅ jWÆ KvRÆb
cÉkvmwbK Amyweav `ƒixKiGYi jGÞÅ 1905 mvGj eãfã K. KZ mvGj eãfã nGqwQj ‰es KZ mvGj Zv i`
Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖGK cÉkvmwbK KvGRi
myweavG^Æ cƒeÆ eã I Avmvg ‰es evsjv cÉG`k bvGg 2wU cÉG`Gk nGqwQj? 1
wefÚ Kiv nq| hv fviZxq DcgnvG`Gki BZnvGm eãfã
bvGg cwiwPZ| L. cÉwZÓ¤vjG™² gymwjg jxGMi jÞÅ I DGókÅ Kx wQj? 2

DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvq, gvgGy bi BDwbqbwU AvqZGb AGbK eo M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘fvM Ki I kvmb Ki’ bxwZi
‰es wecyj RbmsLÅv AayÅwlZ| ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvGbi cGÞ ‰Z
eo Açj wbq¯¨Y Kiv KwVb nGq cGo| Avevi RbMYI ZvG`i cÉGqvM weËwUk fviGZi ˆcÉÞvcGU eÅvLÅv Ki| 3
myweavi RbÅ DÚ AçjGK wefÚ Kivi `vwe ˆZvGj| ‰i…c
AeÕ©vq Eº¬ÆZb KZ‡ÆcÞ wewf®² welq weGePbv KGi N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ cÉG`kwUi wefwÚi dGj ˆh
BDwbqbwUGK `ywU fvGM wefÚ KGi| ‰ ˆ^GK Avgiv eySGZ
cvwi, DóxcGKi NUbvwU eãfGãi mvG^ wgj iGqGQ| KviY mvÁ·É`vwqKZvi m†wÓ¡ nq Zvi mvG^ 1905 mvGji
weËwUk miKvi cÉkvmwbK myweavi RbÅ eãfã KGiwQj ‰es
cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMY wbGRi myweavi K^v weGePbv KGi DÚ eãfGãi ‰es Zv iG`i wgj KZUzKz? weGkÏlY
welqwU ˆgGb wbGqwQj|
Ki| 4
N DóxcGKi AvGjvGK HwZnvwmK wefwÚ Õ©vwqZ½ bv cvIqvi
KviY nGjv wn±`y mÁ·É`vGqi Pig weGivwaZv ‰es 8bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AmnGhvwMZv|
K 1905 mvGj eãfã nGqwQj ‰es 1911 mvGj i`
eãfGãi dGj wn±`yiv ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nq| ZvG`i A^Æ‹bwZK nGqwQj|
RxebeÅeÕ©v wechÆGqi mÁÃyLxb nq| eãfGãi dGj cƒeÆ
evsjvi gymjgvbiv DcK‡Z nGjI wn±`y mgvR ‰i wei‚G«¬ ZxeË L 1906 mvGji 30 wWGmÁ¼i gymwjg jxGMi cÉwZÓ¤vjG™² ‰i
AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGj| Zviv ‰UvGK AbÅvq I AGhŒwÚK eGj wZbwU jÞÅ ev DGóGkÅi K^v ˆNvlYv Kiv nGqwQj| ‰àGjv
`vwe KGi| axGi axGi ‰i wei‚G«¬ ZxeË AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ nq ‰es nGjv@
AbwZwejGÁ¼ Zv ‰K `yeÆvi AvG±`vjGbi i…c cwiMÉn KGi| Zviv
wejvwZ cYÅ eRbÆ Z^v Õ¼G`wk AvG±`vjb ‰es ‰K chÆvGq 1. weËwUk miKvGii cÉwZ fviGZi gymjgvbG`i AvbyMZÅ e†w«¬
m¯¨vmx AvG±`vjGbi WvK ˆ`q| Kiv ‰es weËwUk miKvi M†nxZ ˆKvGbv eÅeÕ©v mÁ·GKÆ fzj
aviYvi m†wÓ¡ nGj Zv `ƒi Kiv|
AvG±`vjGbi ‰K chÆvGq Zviv wejvwZ cYÅ eRÆGbi gvaÅGg
weËwUk wgj gvwjKG`i Ici cÉPí Pvc m†wÓ¡ KGi, hvGZ weËwUk 2. fviZxq gymjgvbG`i ivR‹bwZK AwaKvi I Õ¼v^Æ msiÞY,
miKvi eãfã i` KiGZ evaÅ nq| wn±`Gy `i ZxeË weGivwaZv, D®²wZ mvab ‰es ZvG`i cÉGqvRb I Avkv-AvKv›Þvi K^v
eãfGãi wei‚G«¬ fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉGmi mwKqÌ AskMÉnY, webGqi mvG^ weËwUk miKviGK AewnZ Kiv|
Õ¼G`wk AvG±`vjb, DMÉ RvZxqZvev`x ‰es m¯¨vmev`x KgÆKvGíi
dGj weËwUk miKvi wn±`Gy `i KvGQ bwZ Õ¼xKvi KGi eãfã 3. gymwjg jxGMi DcwiDÚ DGókÅ `ywU AeÅvnZ ivLvi
iG`i wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| dGj 1911 mvGji 12 wWGmÁ¼i eãfã cvkvcvwk fviZxq AbÅvbÅ mÁ·É`vGqi cÉwZ gymjgvbG`i gGaÅ
i` Kiv nq| ˆhb weG«¼lfve mçvwiZ bv nq Zvi eÅeÕ©v Kiv|

M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘fvM Ki I kvmb Ki’ bxwZi cÉGqvM
weËwUk fviGZi ˆcÉÞvcGU eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv-

1757 mvGj cjvwki cÉv¯¦Gi beve wmivRDGóŒjvi cZGbi ci
ˆ^GK weËwUk BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb ‰wkqvi mgw†«¬kvjx Açj
fviZeGlÆ wbGRG`i kvmb cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb
‰G`Gki ivR‹bwZK ÞgZv `LGji RbÅ cÉ^g ˆ^GKB ‘fvM Ki
I kvmb Ki bxwZ’ KvhKÆ i Kivi ˆPÓ¡v Pvjvq| BsGiR
kvmKMY gymjgvbG`i ÞgZv cybi‚«¬vGii cÉGPÓ¡v ˆiva Kivi
RbÅ ‰ mgq wn±`Gy `i wkÞvq-`xÞvq D®²Z KGi ZzjGZ ^vGK|

weËwUk fviGZ cÉwZwbwaZ½kxj miKvGii weKvk 7

Avevi hLb 1892 mvGj wn±`y cybRÆvMiYgƒjK AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ cÉk² 9 mygb ‰KwU HwZnvwmK bvUGK ˆ`Lj, ‰KwU ˆ`Gk
nq ZLb weËwUk kvmKMY gymjgvb RbMYGK c†Ó¤GcvlKZv
cÉ`vGbi ˆKŒkj I bxwZ MÉnY KGi| ‰fvGe ‰G`Gki cÉavb `ywU weG`wk ˆKvÁ·vwb f„wgeÅeÕ©vi cwieZÆb AvGb| dGj
agÆxq mÁ·É`vq wn±`y I gymjgvb ‰i gGaÅ mGy KŒkGj A‹bKÅ I
mG±`Gni exR ecb KGi| KviY ˆKvÁ·vwb ‰Kevi eÅemv Rwg`viMY Rwgi gvwjK nq ‰es Zviv Rwgi KÌq-weKÌGqi
evwYRÅ, PvKwi I Rwg`vwiGZ wn±`yG`i myGhvM ˆ`q, hv
gymjgvbG`i gGb mG±`Gni exR ecb KGi| Avevi gymjgvb AwaKvi jvf KGi| wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`Gb mƒhÆvGÕ¦i cƒGeÆ ivRÕ¼
RbMYGK BsGiwR fvlv wkÞv I cvøvZÅ ævb-weævb wkÞv
jvGf mnvqZv KGi, hv wn±`yG`i gGb mG±`Gni exR ecb KGi| cwiGkvGai weavb ivLv nq| ‰ eÅeÕ©v mgvRRxeGb

‰QvovI hZeviB wn±`-y gymwjg mÁ·ÉxwZ cÉwZÓ¤vi DG`ÅvM MÉnY my`ƒicÉmvix cÉfve ˆdGj| wkLbdj: 1
Kiv nGqwQj, ZZeviB weËwUk miKvi ‘fvM Ki I kvmb Ki’
bxwZ ev ˆKŒkj (Divide and Rule Policy) cÉGqvM KGi wn±`-y K. wmivRDGóŒjv KZ mvGj evsjvi beve nb? 1
gymwjg A‹bKÅ I mvÁ·É`vwqKZvGK DGÕ• w`GqwQj ‰es Zv
eRvq ˆiGLB cÉvq `y’k eQi fviZeGlÆ ZvG`i JcwbGewkK L. BsGiR AvgGj evsjvi A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©v eÅvLÅv
kvmb-ˆkvlY PvjvGZ mÞg nGqwQj|
Ki| 2
myZivs, DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, ‘fvM
Ki I kvmb Ki’ bxwZ wQj BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb ev weËwUkG`i M. mygGbi ˆ`Lv bvUKwUi mvG^ AÓ¡v`k kZGKi evsjvi
ˆkvlGYi ‰KwU nvwZqvi|
ˆKvb f„wg eÅeÕ©vi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ? eYÆbv Ki| 3
N DóxcGK ewYÆZ cÉG`kwUi wefwÚi dGj ˆh mvÁ·É`vwqKZvi
m†wÓ¡ nq Zvi mvG^ 1905 mvGji eãfã ‰es 1911 mvGji N. Zzwg wK gGb Ki, DÚ eÅeÕ©vi djvdj my`ƒicÉmvix?
eãfã iG`i eüwea wgj iGqGQ| wbGP Zv weGkÏlY Kiv
ˆZvgvi DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4
nˆjv
9bs cÉGk²i Dîi
jWÆ KvRÆb 1905 mvGj eãfã ‰i gvaÅGg fviGZi meÆe†nr
K wmivRDGóŒjv 1756 mvGj evsjvi beve nb|
cÉG`k ‘evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö’ ˆK `yB fvGM fvM KGib| eã
cÉG`kGK wefÚ Kivi ˆcQGb jWÆ KvRÆGbi hywÚ wQj `yB L BsGiR AvgGj evsjvi A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©v wQj wechÆÕ¦|
AsGki RbMYGK wkÞv, eÅemv-evwYRÅ, PvKwi I ivR‹bwZK
myGhvM myweav cÉ`vb Kiv| ‰QvovI myÓ¤z cÉkvmb MGo ˆZvjv AwZ cÉvPxbKvj ˆ^GKB evsjv wQj abmÁ·` I Hk¼GhÆ cwicƒYÆ|
‰es RbMGYi `vwe I mgmÅv ˆgvKvwejv Kiv| BsGiR AvgGjI evsjvi ˆm Hk¼hÆ weivRgvb wQj| ‰LvbKvi
gvwU wQj AZů¦ DeÆi| ‰ gvwUGZ ˆh dmjB djvGbv nGZv Zvi
wK¯§ eãfã AwefÚ evsjvi cÉavb `yB mÁ·É`vq wn±`y I Drcv`b nGZv AGbK ˆewk| ZvQvov KzwUi wkG͸I evsjv AGbK
gymjgvbG`i gGaÅ bvbvb iKg cÉwZwKÌqv m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰i dGj mg†«¬ wQj| eÅemv-evwYGRÅi ˆÞGòI evsjv mdjZvi kxGlÆ
wn±`-y gymwjg RbMGYi gGaÅ mvÁ·É`vwqK ˆPZbvi wele†Þ AvGivnY KGiwQj ‰ mgq| BsGiR AvgGj evsjvq eÅvcKfvGe
ˆivcY nq ‰es wn±`y gymjgvb Dfq mÁ·É`vGqi gGaÅ wZÚ eÅemvq-evwYGRÅi bZzb bZzb c^ DG¯ÃvwPZ nq| wK¯§
mÁ·GKÆi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰ mvÁ·É`vwqK ˆPZbvB cieZÆxGZ fviZ cieZÆxGZ axGi axGi BsGiRG`i AweGePbvcÉmƒZ bxwZi dGj
wefvMGK AZÅvm®² KGi ˆZvGj| ‰Kw`GK, eãfã gymjgvb evsjvi A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©v PigfvGe ˆfGO cGo|
RbMGYi gGaÅ Avb±`-DÍÏvGmi m†wÓ¡ KGi ‰es agÆwfwîK
RvZxqZvev`x ˆPZbvi DG¯Ãl NUvGZ ^vGK| AbÅw`GK, ‰wU M mygGbi ˆ`Lv bvUKwUi mvG^ AÓ¡v`k kZGKi evsjvi
wn±`y RbMGYi gGaÅ fxlY ˆÞvGfi m†wÓ¡ KGi ‰es ZvG`i gGaÅ ‘wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦’ bvgK f„wgeÅeÕ©vi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
weËwUk cYÅ eRÆGbi RbÅ Õ¼G`wk AvG±`vjb I m¯¨vmev`x
KvhKÆ jvc DîGivîi e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK| ‰i dGj 1911 mvGj 1793 mvGj weËwUk fviGZi MfbiÆ ˆRbvGij jWÆ KbÆIqvwjm
eãfã i` Kiv nq| wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ^v cÉeZÆb KGib| ‰ eÅeÕ©vi dGj ‰
ˆ`Gki Rwg`viMY wPiw`Gbi RbÅ eskvbyKÌwgK Rwgi gvwjGK
DóxcGKI ˆ`Lv hvGœQ ‰KRb weËwUk eo jvU wkwÞZ I D®²Z cwiYZ nq| wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ^v Abyhvqx ˆKvÁ·vwbi ivRÕ¼
cÉkvmwbK myweavi ˆ`vnvB w`Gq cÉG`k wefÚ KiGj eo `yGUv ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`Gb mƒhÆvGÕ¦i cƒGeÆ cwiGkvGai weavb Kiv nq
agÆxq mÁ·É`vGqi gGaÅ mvÁ·É`vwqKZvi welevÓ· QwoGq cGo| ‰es ˆKD wbw`ÆÓ¡ w`Gb ivRÕ¼ cwiGkva KiGZ Amg^Æ nGj
ˆKvÁ·vwb Rwg`vwi wbjvGg wewKÌ KiGe DGÍÏL Kiv nq| ‰
myZivs ejv hvq, DóxcGK ewYÆZ NUbvwUi mvG^ eãfGãi weavbwUB BwZnvGm ‘mƒhÆvÕ¦ AvBb’ bvGg cwiwPZ wQj|
eüwe` wgj cwijwÞZ nGqGQ|
DóxcGK ewYÆZ bvUKwUGZ Rwg`viMGYi Rwgi gvwjK nIqv,
Rwgi KÌq-weKÌGqi AwaKvi jvf Kiv ‰es mƒhvÆ GÕ¦i cƒGeÆ ivRÕ¼
cwiGkvGai weavb ‰es mƒhvÆ GÕ¦i cƒGeÆ ivRÕ¼ cwiGkvGai weavb
jWÆ KbÆIqvwjGmi wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i K^vGKB ÕÃiY KwiGq
ˆ`q|

N ‰LvGb DÚ eÅeÕ©v ejGZ wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ eÅeÕ©vGK
ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ| nuÅv, Avwg gGb Kwi wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i
djvdj my`ƒicÉmvix wQj|

wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ jWÆ KbÆIqvwjGmi msÕ•vimgGƒ ni gGaÅ
AbÅZg| wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i dGj K‡wlKvhÆ mÁ·ÉmvwiZ nq

8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

‰es Rwg`viG`i Avq e†w«¬ cvq| ˆKvÁ·vwbi evGRU cÉYqGbi fviZevmxi mvgGb wKQy cÉÕ¦ve ˆck KGib| ‰B cÉÕ¦veàGjvGK
myweav nq ‰es ivRfÚ Rwg`vi ˆkÉwYiI D«¿e NGU| ‰Qvov wKÌcm cÉÕ¦ve ev wKÌcm wgkb eGj|
mvgvwRK I mvsÕ•‡wZK D®q² bI mvwaZ nq| wPiÕ©vqx
eG±`veGÕ¦i ˆbwZevPK w`KI iGqGQ| wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i ZrKvjxb weËwUk miKvGii cÉwZ KsGMÉm I gymwjg jxM
dGj Rwg`vwii cÉK‡Z mxgv wbG`ÆwkZ bv nIqvq AmsLÅ gvgjv- ˆbZvG`i Awek¼vm I mG±`n ‰gb chÆvGq ˆcuŒGQwQj ˆh ZLb
ˆgvKógv ‰es bvbv cÉKvi AeÅeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ nq| AGbK weËwUk miKvGii ˆhGKvGbv wm«¬v¯¦GKB Zviv bvKP KiGZ
Rwg`vi ZvG`i Rwg`vwi nvivb ‰es wUGK ^vKv Rwg`viMY cviZ| NGUwQjI ZvB, mÅvi Õ¡ÅvGdvWÆ wKÌcGmi ˆckK‡Z `vwe-
ZvjyK`vi, BRviv`vi cÉf‡wZ Þz`Ë Þz`Ë Rwg`viG`i Ici `vIqvàGjv KsGMÉm I gymwjg jxM MÉnY KGiwb| ˆh KviGY
wbfÆikxj nGq cGo| Rwg`viMY ivqZG`i wbKU ˆ^GK wKÌcm wgkb Avi AvGjvi gyL ˆ`GLwb, ‰wU eÅ^ÆZvq chÆewmZ
DœPnvGi LvRbv Av`vq KiGZ evaÅ nGj ivqZG`i A^Æ‹bwZK nGqwQj|
`y`Ækv e†w«¬ cvq| Rwgi gvwjKvbv Õ©vqx nevi dGj mKGjB
ˆhGKvGbv DcvGq Rwg KÌq Kivi ev AwaKvi Kivi RbÅ D`MÉxe M e†î ‘2’ ‰i ? wPwn×Z Õ©vGb ‘cwøgeã’ K^vwU emGe|
nGq DVGj Rwgi Ici cÉvqB Pvc e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK| Rwg`vi
I K‡lKG`i gvGS LvRbv Av`vqKvix wnGmGe ‰K ˆkÉwYi Avgiv Rvwb ZrKvjxb weËwUk fviGZi MfbiÆ jWÆ KvRÆb 1905
`vjvGji D«¿e NGU| ZvG`i AZÅvPvi I ˆkvlGY K‡lKiv mvGji 1 ˆmG¶ŸÁi¼ ‰K ˆNvlYv «¼viv evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖGK wefÚ
meÆÕ¼v¯¦ nGq cGo| Avi weËwUkG`i beÅ AbyMZ ˆMvÓ¤xi D«¿Gei KGi XvKv, PëMÉvg, ivRkvnx I AvmvgGK wbGq ‘cƒeÆeã I
dGj AGbK cyivZb gymjgvb Rwg`vi ZvG`i Rwg`vwi nvivq Avmvg’ bvGg ‰es cwøgeã, wenvi I DwolÅvGK wbGq
‰es bZzb eÅemvqx gGbvfvevc®² Rwg`viG`i D«¿e NGU| ‘cwøgeã’ bvGg `ywU cÉG`k MVb KGiwQGjb| weËwUk fviGZi
ivR‹bwZK BwZnvGm jWÆ KvRÆGbi ‰ ˆNvlYv eãfã bvGg
wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i dGj mgvReÅeÕ©vi gGaÅI cwieZÆb cwiwPZ| beMwVZ cƒeÆeã I Avmvg cÉG`Gki ivRavbx Õ©vwcZ
mvwaZ nq| mgvGR beÅ Rwg`viiv cwuy RcwZ wnGmGe AvñcÉKvk nGqwQj XvKvq ‰es ‰ cÉG`Gki MfbiÆ wbhyÚ nGqwQGjb
KGi, cieZÆxGZ ZvivB eo eÅemvqx ev wk͸cwZ nGq IGV| eÅvgwdΣ dzjvi| Aciw`GK, cwøgeã cÉG`Gki ivRavbx
Aciw`GK, K‡lK mÁ·É`vq KÌgv®¼Gq AviI `wi`Ë nGZ ^vGK| Õ©vwcZ nGqwQj KjKvZvq ‰es MfbiÆ wbhyÚ nGqwQGjb ‰´£È~
ˆdÌRvi| 1905 mvGji 16 AGÙvei ˆ^GK eãfã KvhKÆ i
DchyÆÚ AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i nGqwQj|
djvdj wQj AZů¦ my`ƒicÉmvix|
wPGò ˆ`Lv hvq 1905 mvGj evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖGK ˆfGO `ywU
cÉk² 10 fvGM fvM Kiv nq| ˆhGnZz wPòwU «¼viv eãfãGK wbG`Æk
KiGQ, ZvB ejv hvq ‰KwU AsGk ˆhGnZz cƒeÆeã I Avmvg
(1905 mvj) cÉG`Gki K^v ejv nGqGQ, ZvB Aci AsGk cwøeã emvGbvB
evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö) hywÚhÚy |

1 2 N wPò ‘3’ ‰ ˆ`Lv hvq 1911 mvGj cybivq `ywU cÉG`k wgGj
cƒeÆeã evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö MwVZ nq| ‰ welqwU «¼viv 1905 mvGj ˆh
I Avmvg ? eãfã nGqwQj Zvi i`GK ˆevSvq| ZvB cÉkv² byhvqx wbG¯Ã
cÉG`k eãfã iG`i cÉwZwKÌqv weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv-

3 eãfã mvwaZ nevi ci weËwUk miKvi cÉPvi KGi ˆh,
evsjv “eãfã ‰KUv AeavwiZ NUbv ‰es ‰ AeÕ©vUvGK
ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö AcwiewZÆZ ivLv nGe|” gymjgvb mÁ·É`vq ‰ aiGbi cÉPvGii
(1911 mvj) Ici mÁ·ƒYfÆ vGe wek¼vm Õ©vcb KGi ‰es cÉMwZkxj fwelÅr
iPbvq MfxifvGe AvñwbGqvM KGi| wK¯¦y 1911 mvGji
wkLbdj: 5 eãfã iG`i ˆNvlYvq gymjgvbG`i Ici ˆbGg AvGm ‰K
welvG`i Qvqv| gymjgvb mÁ·É`vq ‰ ˆNvlYvq wewÕÃZ nq| Zviv
K. eãfã nq KZ mvGj? 1 BsGiR miKviGK wek¼vmNvZK wnGmGe wPwn×Z KGi| ˆKbbv
BsGiR miKvGii gw¯¨MY, ivRcÉwZwbwaMY ‰es DœPc`Õ©
L. wKÌcm wgkGbi djvdj eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 KgÆPvixMY gymjgvb mÁ·É`vGqi wbKU evievi Iqv`v KGiGQ
‰B eGj ˆh, “gmy jgvbG`iGK Avi KLbI KjKvZvÕ© evOvwj
M. e†î ‘2’ ‰i ‘?’ wPwn×Z Õ©vGb Kx nGe? eÅvLÅv Ki|3 I gvGovqvwiG`i AvwacZÅvaxb Kiv nGe bv|” wK¯¦y weËwUk
miKvi ˆm Iqv`v iÞv KiGZ cvGiwb| mÅvi mwjgyÍÏvn eãfã
N. e†î ‘3’-‰ ˆh w`KwU dzGU DGVGQ Zvi cÉwZwKÌqv iG`i ˆNvlYvGK mvgGb ˆiGL eGjb ˆh, “gmy jgvbG`i mvG^
Avjvc-AvGjvPbv bv KGi eãfã iG`i ˆNvlYvq gymjgvbMY
weGkÏlY Ki| 4

10bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K eãfã nq 1905 mvGj|

L 1942 mvGji 23 gvPÆ weËwUk miKvi mÅvi Õ¡ÅvGdvWÆ
wKÌcmGK fviZeGlÆi mgmÅv mgvavGbi RbÅ cvVvq| wZwb

weËwUk fviGZ cÉwZwbwaZ½kxj miKvGii weKvk 9

wewÕÃZ nGqGQ ‰es weËwUk miKvGii Ici gymjgvbG`i AvÕ©v Aciw`GK, eãfã iG`i ˆNvlYvq wn±`y RbMY DÍÏwmZ nq|
wPiZGi webÓ¡ nGqGQ|” eãfã iG`i ˆNvlYvq gymwjg ˆKbbv eãfã i` nIqvq KjKvZvGKw±`ÊK RbMY ZvG`i
ˆbZe‡ †±` Þzº¬ nb| mÅvi mwjgyÍÏvni AmG¯¦vlGK ˆK±`Ê KGi nvivGbv cÉfve cÉwZcwî wdGi cvGe| A^Ævr eãfã iG`i dGj
ZuvGK Lywk Kivi RbÅ BsGiR miKvi XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq gymjgvbG`i gGaÅ cyGivcywi ˆbwZevPK Avi wn±`Gy `i gGaÅ
cÉwZÓ¤vi wbG`Æk ˆ`q| cieZÆxGZ 1921 mvGj XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq BwZevPK cÉwZwKÌqv ˆ`Lv wMGqwQj|
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq|

m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK

 Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² cÉk²12 ˆgwibv XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi ivÓ¡Ìweævb wefvGMi Z‡Zxq
eGlÆi Qvòx| ˆm Zvi evev ˆmwjg DwóGbi wbKU fviZeGlÆi
cÉk² 11 wg. wgGkj ‰KwU eo AçGji cÉkvmK| AçjwU ivR‹bwZK BwZnvm mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ PvBGj evev eGjb, fviZxq
AvqZGb eo nIqvi KviGY cÉkvmwbK KvRKgÆ cwiPvjbvq DcgnvG`Gk 1885 mvGj ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK `j cÉwZÓ¤v jvf
Amyweavi m†wÓ¡ nq| wg. wgGkj miKvGii wbKU AçjwUGK KGi| wZwb AviI eGjb, `jwUi cÉwZÓ¤vjG™² ejv nq ˆh,
wefÚ Kivi AvGe`b RvbvGj miKvi ivGÓ¡Çi `wÞYvçjwUGK BsGiR kvmGbi cÉwZ AwePj AvbyMZÅB nGe ‰B `Gji gƒj

Dîi I `wÞY AsGk wefÚ KGi| ‰GZ DîivsGki RbMY Lykx wfwî| wkLbdj: 3 A
nq| DîivsGki RbwcÉq ˆbZv Avõjy Avwjg Abyaveb K. eãfã KvhÆKi nq KLb ˆ^GK?
1
KGiwQGjb `wÞYvsGki RbMY ‰B wefwÚKiY gvbGe bv| L. weËwUk fviGZi ivR‹bwZK KÌgweeZÆGbi BwZnvGm
eãfã ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ ˆKb? 2
‰RbÅ `wÞYvsGki RbMGYi wefwÚKiY weGivax ZrciZvGK M. DóxcGK ˆgwibvi evev ˆh ivR‹bwZK `Gji K^v
eGjGQb Zvi cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆcÉÞvcU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
ˆgvKvwejv Kivi RbÅ wZwb ‰KwU msÕ©v cwÉ ZÓ¤v KGib|
N. ‘BsGiR kvmGbi cÉwZ AwePj AvbyMZÅB wQj DÚ
wkLbdj- 4 `Gji gƒj wfwî’@ eÚeÅwUi h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv|
4
K. ˆKvb AvBGbi gvaÅGg fviGZ ˆKvÁ·vwb kvmGbi 12bs cÉGk²i Dîi

Aemvb NGU? 1

L. ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn cÉewZÆZ ivR‹bwZK Zî½wU

eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. DóxcGKi Avõyj AvwjGgi cÉwZwÓ¤Z msÕ©vi mGã K 1905 mvGji 15 AGÙvei ˆ^GK eãfã KvhKÆ i nq|

ˆZvgvi cwVZ ˆKvb msÕ©vi wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv Ki|3 L wesk kZvõxi cÉ^g ˆ^GKB fviZxq RbmvaviGYi gvGS
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wefwÚKiGYi KviY ‰es ˆZvgvi ivR‹bwZK ˆPZbv e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK ‰es KÌgk Zv
cwVZ HwZnvwmK NUbvwUi wefwÚKiGYi KviY wK RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjGb i…c ˆbq| 1885 mvGj fviZxq
4 RvZxq KsGMÉGmi R¯Ã RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjbGK AviI ˆewk
‰KB wQj? weGkÏlY Ki| cÉfvweZ KGi| hvi dGj weËwUk miKvi evsjv ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖGK

11bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K ‘fviZ kvmb AvBb 1858’-‰i gvaÅGg fviGZ ˆKvÁ·vwb wefÚ KGi RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjbGK wÕ¦wgZ Kivi ˆRvi
cÉGPÓ¡v Pvjvq| ZvB ejv hvq, weËwUk fviGZi ivR‹bwZK
kvmGbi Aemvb NGU|
L ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®v² n cÉewZÆZ ivR‹bwZK Zî½wU nGjv w«-¼ KÌgweeZÆGbi BwZnvGm eãfã LyeB ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ|
mycvi wUc&m: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii RGbÅ
RvwZZî½| ‰wU fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡Ç MVGbi Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
gvaÅGg weËwUk fviZGK ivR‹bwZKfvGe wefÚ Kivi ‰KwU

ivR‹bwZK gZev`| M fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉm cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆcÉÞvcU eÅvLÅv KGiv|

wn±`y I gymjgvb Dfq mÁ·É`vqB c†^K agÆxq `kÆb, mvgvwRK N KsGMmÉ cwÉ ZÓ¤vi gƒj DGókÅ weGkÏlY KGiv|
ixwZ, mvwnZÅ, BwZnvm cfÉ ‡wZi ˆÞGò `ywU c†^K cÉK‡Z AeÕ©vi

gGaÅ AeÕ©vb KGi| myZivs RvZxqZvi gvb`Gí wn±`y I

gymjgvb c†^K RvwZ| ‰ gZev`wUB w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½ bvGg

cwiwPZ|

mycvi wUc&m: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii RGbÅ
Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe

M eãfGãi KviY eYÆbv KGiv|

N eãfGãi djvdj mÁ·GKÆ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI|

w«¼Zxq AaÅvq

cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK evsjvG`k (1947-1971)

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi

cÉk² 1 e†nr ˆKvGbv ivGÓ¡Èi Afů¦iÕ© ‰KwU AçGji cybivq D`yÆGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi ˆNvlYv ˆ`b|
cieZxÆGZ 1950 mvGji 28 ˆmG¶ŸÁi¼ wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb ‰es
RbMY cvVÅcyÕ¦GK ZvG`i wbRÕ¼ eYÆgvjv eÅenvi Kivi RbÅ 1952 mvGji 26 Rvbyqvwi cΟb gq`vGb Rbmfvq cÉavbg¯¨x
kvmKGMvÓ¤xi KvGQ `vwe RvwbGq AvmwQj| `xNÆ msMÉvGgi ci LvRv bvwRgywób D`yÆGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi ˆNvlYv
ZvG`i `vwe Õ¼xK‡wZ cvq| dGj e†nr ivÓ¡ÈwUi HKÅ my`†p nq| ˆ`b| wK¯§ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY Zv ˆgGb wbGZ cvGiwb| Qvò

 wkLbdj: 3 [iv. ˆev. 2016]
1 I Zi‚Y mgvR evsjvGK ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi RbÅ `yevÆi AvG±`vjGb
K. MYZG¯¨i gvbmcyò ejv nq KvGK?
L. 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxGMi civRGqi bvGg| cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKGMvÓ¤x AvG±`vjbGK evbPvj Kivi
2 RbÅ 144 aviv Rvwi KGi| wK¯§ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY ZvGZ
KviY Kx wQj?
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ NUbvi mvG^ Õ¼vaxbZvcƒeÆ `Gg hvqwb eis 144 aviv fã KGi wgwQj KGi| wgwQGj àwj
evsjvG`Gki ˆKvb AvG±`vjGbi wgj cvIqv hvq? KiGj kwn` nq Re»vi, eiKZ, mvjvg, iwdKmn AvGiv

eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 AGbGK| dGj AvG±`vjb AvàGb wN Xvjvi gGZv KvR KGi|
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cwVZ AvG±`vjGbi ˆZvGc miKvi evsjvGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv
AvG±`vjGbi cwiYwZ wQj wecixZgyLx weGkÏlY KGiv|4 Õ¼xK‡wZ w`GZ evaÅ nq|
myZivs DcGivÚ AvGjvPbv nGZ ‰Uv Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, DóxcGKi
1bs cÉGk²i Dîi NUbvi mvG^ 1952 mvGji fvlv AvG±`vjGbi wgj iGqGQ|

K MYZG¯¨i gvbmcyò ejv nq ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvnivIqv`xÆGK| N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ Avgvi cwVZ evqv®²i
fvlv AvG±`vjGbi cwiYwZ wQj wecixZgyLx|
L ˆhvMÅ ˆbZG‡ Z½i Afvemn wewf®² ivR‹bwZK A^Æ‹bwZK, DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq, e†nr ˆKvGbv ivGÓ¡Èi Afů¦iÕ©
AvgjvG`i ˆ`ŒivñÅ I AMYZvw¯¨K KvhÆKjvGci KviGY 1954 ‰KwU AçGji RbMY cvVÅcyÕ¦GK ZvG`i wbRÕ¼ eYÆgvjv
mvGji wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxM civwRZ nGqwQj| eÅenvi Kivi RbÅ kvmKGMvÓ¤xi KvGQ `vwe RvwbGq AvmwQj|
`xNÆ msMÉvGgi ci ZvG`i `vwe Õ¼xK‡wZ cvq| dGj e†nr ivÓ¡ÈwUi
cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i ci ˆK±`ÊxqfvGe gymwjg jxM miKvi ‰KK HKÅ my`†p nq|
AvwacGZÅi gvaÅGg wbq¯¨Y eRvq ivLGZ PvBGjI cƒeÆ evsjvi wK¯§ Avgvi cwVZ eBGqi evqv®²i fvlv AvG±`vjGbi cwiYwZGZ
RbMY Zv ˆgGb ˆbqwb| wR®v² ni g†ZÅz i ci ˆhvMÅ ˆbZvi cƒeÆ I cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ HKÅ my`†p nqwb; eis wZÚZv
ivR‹bwZK kƒbÅZv m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es `ybÆxwZi KviGY miKvGii e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| evqv®i² fvlv AvG±`vjb cieZxÆGZ 1954 mvGj
A^Æ‹bwZK ˆgi‚`´£ ˆfGã hvq| ‰me KviGY 1954 mvGji
wbeÆvPGb RbMY gymwjg jxMGK cZÉ ÅvLÅvb KGi|

M DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ NUbvi mvG^ Õ¼vaxbZvcƒeÆ evsjvG`Gki hyÚdÌ´Ÿ wbevÆPb KiGj ZvGZ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ÞgZvmxb gymwjg
jxGMi Pig fivWzwe NGU| bvbv QjPvZzwiGZ 1958 mvGj
fvlv AvG±`vjGbi wgj cvIqv hvq|
1947 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vGbi R¯Ã nq| ‰i `y’wU Ask wQj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi KGi cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Dci
cvwKÕ¦vb I cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb| mgvReÅeÕ©v, fvlv, HwnZÅ, AZÅvPvGii wÕ¡g ˆivjvi Pvjvq cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvgwiK
Lv`Åvfvm BZÅvw` ˆKvGbv w`K ˆ^GKB `yB cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ kvmKeMÆ| dGj cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMY fvlv AvG±`vjGbi
wgj wQj bv| ‰Gnb ˆcÉwÞGZ cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆPZbvGK cyuwR KGi cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKeGMÆi cÉwZwU
cÉ^g AvNvZ nvGb fvlvi Dci| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi 54.6% AbÅvGqi weiG‚ «¬ i‚GL `vuovq| 1962 mvGj loh¯¨gƒjK
ˆjvGKi gyGLi fvlv wQj evsjv| Avi gvò 6% D`yÆ fvlvfvwl wkÞvKwgkb MVb KiGj RbMY ZvGZ evuav ˆ`q| AZÅvPvGii
nIqv mGî½I cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi kvmKGMvÓ¤x cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi gvòv ˆeGo ˆMGj 1966 mvGj eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb 6
RbMGYi Dci D`yÆGK PvwcGq ˆ`Iqvi ˆPÓ¡v KGi| 21 gvPÆ `dv `vwe Dïvcb KGib| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKGMvÓ¤x ‰GZ
1948 mvGj ˆimGKvmÆ gq`vGb gynÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn ˆNvlYv fxZ nGq Zv `gb Kivi RbÅ ˆkvlY-wbhvÆZb evwoGq ˆ`q|
KGib,“ D`yÆ ‰es ‰Kgvò D`yÆB nGe cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv|” ˆ`qvGj wcV ˆVGK hvevi `i‚Y cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY 1969
‰KB mvGji 26 gvPÆ KvRÆb nGji mgveZÆb AbyÓ¤vGb wR®²vn mvGji ŠÕ¼ivPvix AvBqye miKvGi wei‚G«¬ MYAfzÅïvb NUvb I

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

Zvi cZb wbwøZ KGib| ‰GZ mdj nGq evOvwjiv 1970 cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi kvmKGMvÓ¤x cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMGYi Dci
mvGj wbevPÆ b KiGj ZvGZI AvIqvgxjxM wbiâzk D`yÆGK PvwcGq ˆ`Iqvi ˆPÓ¡v KGi| 21 gvPÆ 1948 mvGj
msLÅvMwiÓ¤Zvq Rq jvf KGi| Rq cieZxÆGZ ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦Gi ˆimGKvmÆ gq`vGb gynÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn ˆNvlYv KGib,“ D`yÆ
cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbxiv Uvjevnvbv KiGj Zv hGy «¬ i…c ˆbq ‰es ‰es ‰Kgvò D`yÆB nGe cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv|” cieZxÆGZ
ˆkl chƯ¦ Õ¼vaxb I mveÆGfŒg evsjvG`k bvgK ivGÓ¡Èi R¯Ã nq| 1950 mvGji 28 ˆmG¶ŸÁi¼ wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb ‰es 1952
DóxcGKi AvG±`vjGbi ˆcÉwÞGZ `yB ivGÓ¡Èi gGaÅ HKÅ mvGji 26 Rvbyqvwi cΟb gq`vGb Rbmfvq cÉavbg¯¨x LvRv
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq Avi Avgvi cwVZ eBGqi AvG±`vjGbi dGj ‰K bvwRgywób D`yÆGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi ˆNvlYv ˆ`b|
ivÓ¡È c†^K nGq `ywU Avjv`v ivÓ¡È nq| wK¯§ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY Zv ˆgGb wbGZ cvGiwb| Qvò I
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ Avgvi Zi‚Y mgvR evsjvGK ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi RbÅ `yevÆi AvG±`vjGb
cwVZ evqv®²i fvlv AvG±`vjGbi cwiYwZ wQj wecixZgyLx| bvGg| cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKGMvÓ¤x AvG±`vjbGK evbPvj Kivi
RbÅ 144 aviv Rvwi KGi| wK¯§ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY ZvGZ
cÉk² 2 'Y' ivGÓ¡È RbMY ZvG`i gvZ‡fvlvGK AbÅZg `Gg hvqwb eis 144 aviv fã KGi wgwQj KGi| wgwQGj àwj
KiGj kwn` nq Re»vi, eiKZ, mvjvg, iwdKmn AvGiv
ivÓ¡Èfvlv cÉwZÓ¤vi RbÅ `vwe KGi AvmwQj| kvmKGMvÓ¤x Zv AGbGK| dGj AvG±`vjb AvàGb wN Xvjvi gZ KvR KGi|
AvG±`vjGbi ˆZvGc miKvi evsjvGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv
ˆKvGbvKÌGgB gvbGZ ivwR bq| AeGkGl mgMÉ RbGMvÓ¤x Õ¼xK‡wZ w`GZ evaÅ nq|
myZivs ‰Uv Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^ 1952 mvGji
gvZ‡fvlvGK ivÓ¡Èfvlv cÉwZÓ¤vi `vweGZ HKÅe«¬ nq| ˆÕÏvMvGb fvlv AvG±`vjGbi wgj iGqGQ|

ˆÕÏvMvGb ivRc^ gyLwiZ KGi ivGL| kvmKGMvÓ¤x ‰ `vwe ˆgGb N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ fvlv AvG±`vjGbi ZvrchÆ eÅvcK|

bv wbGq kvw¯¦wcÉq wbixn RbGMvÓ¤xi Dci AvKÌgb PvwjGq ZvG`i evqv®²i fvlv AvG±`vjb cieZxÆ 1954 mvGj hÚy dÌ´Ÿ wbevPÆ b
KiGj ZvGZ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ÞgZvmxb gymwjg jxGMi Pig fivWzwe
nZvnZ KGi| AeGkGl ZxeË AvG±`vjGbi gyGL kvmKGMvÓ¤x `vwe NGU| bvbv QjPvZzwiGZ 1958 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vGb mvgwiK kvmb
Rvwi KGi cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Dci AZÅvPvGii wÕ¡g ˆivjvi Pvjvq
gvbGZ evaÅ nq|  wkLbdj: 3 [h. ˆev. 2016] cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvgwiK kvmKeMÆ| dGj cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMY
fvlv AvG±`vjGbi ˆPZbvGK cwyu R KGi cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbx
K. hyÚdÌ´Ÿ MwVZ nq KZ mvGj? 1 kvmKeGMÆi cÉwZwU AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `vuovq| 1962 mvGj
loh¯¨gƒjK wkÞvKwgkb MVb KiGj RbMY ZvGZ evuav ˆ`q|
L. w«¼RvwZ Zî½ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 AZÅvPvGii gvòv ˆeGo ˆMGj 1966 mvGj eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
ingvb 6 `dv `vwe Dïvcb KGib| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKGMvÓ¤x
M. DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GK ewYÆZ ˆh ‰GZ fxZ nGq Zv `gb Kivi RbÅ ˆkvlY-wbhvÆZb evwoGq
ˆ`q| ˆ`qvGj wcV ˆVGK hvevi `i‚Y cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY
AvG±`vjGbi wgj AvGQ Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 1969 mvGji ŠÕ¼ivPvix AvBqye miKvGi wei‚G«¬ MYAfzÅïvb
NUvb I Zvi cZb wbwøZ KGib| ‰GZ mdj nGq evOvwjiv
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ AvG±`vjGbi ZvrchÆ gƒjÅvqb 1970 mvGj wbevPÆ b KiGj ZvGZI AvIqvgxjxM wbiâzk
msLÅvMwiÓ¤Zvq Rq jvf KGi| Rq cieZxÆGZ ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦Gi
KGiv| 4 cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbxiv Uvjevnvbv KiGj Zv hGy «¬ i…c ˆbq ‰es
ˆkl chƯ¦ Õ¼vaxb I mveÆGfŒg evsjvG`k bvgK ivGÓ¡Èi R¯Ã nq|
2bs cÉGk²i Dîi
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ fvlv AvG±`vjGbi gƒj
K hyÚdÌ´Ÿ MwVZ nq 1953 mvGji 4 wWGmÁ¼i| ZvrchÆ ‰B ˆh, ‰ AvG±`vjGbi ˆPZbvi c^ aGi 1971 mvGj
Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki Af„Å`q nq|
L w«¼RvwZ Zî½ nGjv fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb RvwZ
I ivÓ¡È MVGbi gvaÅGg weËwUk fviZGK ivR‹bwZKfvGe wefÚ cÉk² 3 ‘K’ ‰KwU Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡Ç| ‰B ivGÓ¡Çi kvmKGMvÓ¤x
Kivi wbYvÆqK I Av`kvkÆ Éqx ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK gZev`|
msLÅvMwiÓ¤ gvbyGli gvZ‡fvlvGK ev` w`Gq AbÅ fvlvGK
1940 mvGj gymwjg jxM ˆbZv ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn w«¼RvwZ ivÓ¡Çfvlv wnGmGe cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ Pvq| wK¯§ Zvi cÉwZevG`
ZGîi½ DG¯Ãl NUvb| Zvi gGZ, wn±`y-gymjgvb Dfq mÁ·Ë`vqB msLÅvMwiÓ¤ RbGMvÓ¤x ZxeË AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGj|
c†^K agxÆq `kÆb, mvgvwRK ixwZ, mvwnZÅ, Rxeb I Rxeb
aviY, BwZnvm cÉf‡wZi ˆÞGò `ywU c†^K cÉK‡Z AeÕ©vi gGaÅ  wkLbdj: 3 [w`. ˆev. 2016]
AeÕ©vb KGi| myZivs RvZxqZvi gvb`G´£ wn±`y I gymjgvb
c†^K RvwZ| Zvi ‰ gZev`wUB w«¼RvwZ Zî½ bvGg cwiwPZ|

M DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ NUbvi mvG^ Avgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GK ewYÆZ
Õ¼vaxbZvcƒeÆ evsjvG`Gki fvlv AvG±`vjGbi wgj AvGQ|
cvVÅeBGq DGÍÏL AvGQ, weËwUk fviZ wefÚ nGq 1947 mvGj
fviZxq DcgnvG`Gk fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb
ˆ`Gki R¯Ã nq| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vb `yB fvGM (cƒeÆ I cwøg
cvwKÕ¦vb) wefÚ wQj| mgvReÅeÕ©v, fvlv, HwZnÅ, Lv`Åvfvm
BZÅvw` ˆKvGbv w`K ˆ^GKB `yB cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ wgj wQj bv|
‰Gnb ˆcÉwÞGZ cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g AvNvZ
nvGb fvlvi Dci| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi 54.6% ˆjvGKi gyGLi
fvlv wQj evsjv| Avi gvò 6% D`yÆ fvlvfvwl nIqv mGî½I

cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK evsjvG`k (1947-1971) 3

K. AcvGikb mvPÆ jvBU Kx? 1 NGU| bvbv QjPvZzwiGZ 1958 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vGb mvgwiK kvmb

L. Kx DGóGkÅ hyÚdÌ´Ÿ MwVZ nq? 2 Rvwi KGi cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Dci AZÅvPvGii wÕ¡g ˆivjvi Pvjvq

M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ ˆKvb HwZnvwmK cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvgwiK kvmKeMÆ| dGj cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMY

AvG±`vjGbi mvgémÅ cvIqv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 fvlv AvG±`vjGbi ˆPZbvGK cwyu R KGi cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbx

N. RvZxq RxeGb DÚ AvG±`vjGbi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv|4 kvmKeGMÆi cÉwZwU AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `vuovq| 1962 mvGj

3bs cÉGk²i Dîi loh¯¨gƒjK wkÞvKwgkb MVb KiGj RbMY ZvGZ evuav ˆ`q|

K AcvGikb mvPÆjvBU nGjv 1971 mvGji 25ˆk gvPÆ ivGZ AZÅvPvGii gvòv ˆeGo ˆMGj 1966 mvGj eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
cvwKÕ¦vbx ˆmbvevwnbx KZ‡ÆK evOvwjG`i Dci cwiPvwjZ ‰KwU ingvb 6 `dv `vwe Dïvcb KGib| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKGMvÓ¤x
eeÆi AwfhvGbi bvg| ‰GZ fxZ nGq Zv `gb Kivi RbÅ ˆkvlY-wbhvÆZb evwoGq
ˆ`q| ˆ`qvGj wcV ˆVGK hvevi `i‚Y cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY
L hyÚdË´Ÿ MVGbi cÉavb DGókÅ wQj ZrKvjxb ÞgZvmxb 1969 mvGji ŠÕ¼ivPvix AvBqye miKvGi wei‚G«¬ MYAfzÅïvb
gymwjgjxGMi AbÅvq, AZÅvPvi I evOvwjG`i cÉwZ wegvZvmyjf NUvb I Zvi cZb wbwøZ KGib| ‰GZ mdj nGq evOvwjiv
AvPiGYi Aemvb NUvGbv| ‰Qvov evsjvGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi AbÅZg 1970 mvGj wbevPÆ b KiGj ZvGZI AvIqvgxjxM wbiâzk
ivÓ¡Èfvlv wnGmGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z Kiv| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆbZ¾e‡ †±` msLÅvMwiÓ¤Zvq Rq jvf KGi| Rq cieZxÆGZ ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦Gi
Abyaveb KGiwQGjb ˆh, bÅvhÅ `vwemgƒn cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆÞGò cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbxiv Uvjevnvbv KiGj Zv hGy «¬ i…c ˆbq ‰es
ˆRvUe«¬ nGq wbeÆvPGb AskMÉnGYi weK͸ ˆbB| ˆkl chƯ¦ Õ¼vaxb I mveÆGfŒg evsjvG`k bvgK ivGÓ¡Èi R¯Ã nq|

M DóxcGK ewYÆZ AvG±`vjGbi HwZnvwmK fvlv AvG±`vjGbi cwiGkGl ejv hvq, DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ fvlv AvG±`vjGbi gƒj
ZvrchÆ ‰B ˆh, ‰ AvG±`vjGbi ˆPZbvi c^ aGi 1971 mvGj
wgj AvGQ| Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki Af„Å`q nq|
cvVÅeBGq DGÍÏL AvGQ, weËwUk fviZ wefÚ nGq 1947 mvGj
fviZxq DcgnvG`Gk fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb cÉk² 4 Avwmd ‰KwU ˆ`Gki BwZnvm cGo RvbGZ cvGi-
ˆ`Gki R¯Ã nq| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vb `yB fvGM (cƒeÆ I cwøg
cvwKÕ¦vb) wefÚ wQj| mgvReÅeÕ©v, fvlv, HwZnÅ, Lv`Åvfvm ˆ`kwU ‰KwU JcwbGewkK kwÚi KvQ ˆ^GK Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb
BZÅvw` ˆKvGbv w`K ˆ^GKB `yB cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ wgj wQj bv|
‰Gnb ˆcÉwÞGZ cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g AvNvZ KGi| wK¯§ Õ¼vaxb ˆ`GkI Zviv ˆkvwlZ I ewçZ nGZ ^vGK|
nvGb fvlvi Dci| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi 54.6% ˆjvGKi gyGLi
fvlv wQj evsjv| Avi gvò 6% D`yÆ fvlvfvwl nIqv mGî½I ˆ`Gki RbMY ÷i‚ ˆ^GKB ‰i cÉwZev` I cÉwZGiva KiGZ
cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi kvmKGMvÓ¤x cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMGYi Dci
D`yÆGK PvwcGq ˆ`Iqvi ˆPÓ¡v KGi| 21 gvPÆ 1948 mvGj ^vGK| ‰K chÆvGq ZvG`i ˆbZv kvmKG`i wbKU `vwqZ½kxj
ˆimGKvmÆ gq`vGb gynÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn ˆNvlYv KGib,“ D`yÆ
‰es ‰Kgvò D`yÆB nGe cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv|” cieZxÆGZ miKvi eÅeÕ©v, c†^K gy`Ëv ‰es AviI wKQy mycvwik ˆck
1950 mvGji 28 ˆmG¶ŸÁi¼ wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb ‰es 1952
mvGji 26 Rvbyqvwi cΟb gq`vGb Rbmfvq cÉavbg¯¨x LvRv KGib|  wkLbdj: 8 [h. ˆev. 2016]
bvwRgywób D`yÆGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi ˆNvlYv ˆ`b|
wK¯§ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY Zv ˆgGb wbGZ cvGiwb| Qvò I K. ˆeãj cÅvGÙi DG`ÅvÚv ˆK wQGjb? 1
Zi‚Y mgvR evsjvGK ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi RbÅ `yevÆi AvG±`vjGb
bvGg| cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKGMvÓ¤x AvG±`vjbGK evbPvj Kivi L. 7 gvGPÆi fvlGYi ZvrchÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2

M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆbZvi mycvwik Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki

cUf„wgGZ ˆKvb AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ? eÅvLÅv

KGiv| 3

N. Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`k cÉwZÓ¤vi cUf„wgGZ DÚ AvG±`vjGbi

AbÅvbÅ `vweàGjvi ZvrchÆ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4

4bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K ˆeãj cÅvGÙi DG`ÅvÚv wQGjb ˆ`ke®¬y wPîiéb `vm|

RbÅ 144 aviv Rvwi KGi| wK¯§ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY ZvGZ L evOvwj RvwZi BwZnvGm 1971 mvGji 7gvGPÆi eãe®¬y
`Gg hvqwb eis 144 aviv fã KGi wgwQj KGi| wgwQGj àwj ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi fvlY ‰K ÕÃiYxq `wjj|
KiGj kwn` nq Re»vi, eiKZ, iwdK| dGj AvG±`vjb
AvàGb wN Xvjvi gZ KvR KGi| AvG±`vjGbi ˆZvGc miKvi gvò 18 wgwbGUi ˆZRÕx¼ ‰ fvlGYi cGiB evOvwj RvwZi
evsjvGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv Õ¼xK‡wZ w`GZ evaÅ nq| mvgGb ‰KwU M¯¦eÅ wbavÆiY nGq hvq Avi Zv nGjv Õ¼vaxbZv|
‰ fvlGY eãe®¬y cÉwZGiva msMÉvg, hGy «¬i ˆKŒkj, I kò‚
myZivs ‰Uv Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, DóxcGKi NUbvi mvG^ 1952 mvGji ˆgvKvGejvi Dcvq mÁ·GKÆ w`K wbG`Ækbv ˆ`b| ‰ fvlY
fvlv AvG±`vjGbi wgj iGqGQ|
evOvwj RvwZGK HKÅe«¬ KGiwQj ‰es ˆ`kgvZ‡Kvi Õ¼vaxbZv

N DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ fvlv AvG±`vjGbi ZvrchÆ eÅvcK| msMÉvGg Rxeb evwR ˆiGL hGy «¬ SvuwcGq coGZ AbyGcÉiYv

evqv®²i fvlv AvG±`vjb cieZxÆ 1954 mvGj hÚy dÌ´Ÿ wbevPÆ b RywMGqwQj| myZivs eãe®¬yi 7 gvGPÆi fvlGYi ZvrchÆ
KiGj ZvGZ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ÞgZvmxb gymwjg jxGMi Pig fivWzwe Acwimxg|

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

M DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆbZvi mycvwik Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki cÉk² 5 ‘K’ I ‘L’ ‰KwU e†nr ivGÓ¡Èi `yB Açj| ‘K’
cUf„wgGZ 6-`dv KgmÆ ƒPx AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ|
AçGji ˆbZe‡ †±` `xNÆw`b aGi ÞgZv AvKGo aGi ivGL| ‰GZ
6-`dvi cÉ^g `dvGZ ejv nq, 1940 mvGji HwZnvwmK
jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGei wfwîGZ miKvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å nGe hÚy ivÓ¡Èxq I ‘L’ Açj ŠelGgÅi wkKvi nq| ‰B ŠelgÅ ˆ^GK gywÚi jGÞÅ
msm`xq c«¬wZi; ZvGZ hyÚivGÓ¡Èi AãivRÅàGjv ˆ^GK
ˆK±`Êxq eÅeÕ©vcK mfvi wbeÆvPb nGe cÉZÅÞ ‰es meÆRbxb ‘L’ AçGji ‰KRb gnvb ˆbZv wKQy KgÆmƒwP ˆck KGib| DÚ
cÉvµ¦eqÕ• ˆfvUvwaKvGii wfwîGZ| cÉG`kàGjvGK cƒYÆ
Õ¼vqîkvmb w`GZ nGe| ˆK±`Êxq eÅeÕ©vcK mfvi cÉwZwbwa KgÆmƒwPGZ cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb, Revew`wngƒjK kvmb
wbeÆvPb RbmsLÅvi wfwîGZ nGe, hv DóxcGKi eYÆbvGZ AvGQ|
Z‡Zxq `dvGZ ejv nq, cƒeÆ I cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ `ywU eÅeÕ©v, ŠeG`wkK evwYGRÅ cÉvG`wkK miKviGK ÞgZv cÉ`vGbi
c†^K gy`ËveÅeÕ©v Pvjy KiGZ nGe, hv cviÕ·wiKfvGe wKsev
AevGa Dfq AçGj wewbgqGhvMÅ| ‰wUI AvGjvPÅ DóxcGK `vwe A¯¦fzÆÚ wQj| wK¯§ ‰GZ gy`Ëv I AvçwjK wbivcîv welGq
mÕ·Ó¡fvGe DGÍÏL AvGQ|
ˆKvGbv eÚeÅ wQj bv|  wkLbdj: 8 [Xv. ˆev. 2016]
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆbZvi mycvwik Õ¼vaxb
evsjvG`Gki cUf„wgGZ 6-`dv KgÆmƒPxi cÉ^g I Z‡Zxq `dv K. cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆgvU RbmsLÅvi KZ kZvsGki fvlv wQj
AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ|
evsjv? 1
N Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`k cwÉ ZÓ¤vi cUf„wgGZ 6-`dv AvG±`vjGbi
AbÅvbÅ `vweàGjvi ZvrchÆ Acwimxg| L. AvMiZjv gvgjv ˆKb `vGqi Kiv nq? 2

AvGjvPÅ DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆbZvi ˆh mycvwik AvGQ Zv M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘L’ AçGji gnvb ˆbZvi DïvwcZ
cvVÅeBGqi 6-`dvi eYÆbvi cÉ^g I Z‡Zxq `dvi mvG^ wgj
iGqGQ| KgÆmƒwPi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cwVZ ˆKvb KgÆmƒwPi wgj

6-`dvi w«¼Zxq `dvGZ ejv nq, ˆK±`Êxq ev hyÚivÓ¡Èxq AvGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
miKvGii `vwqZ½ ^vKGe ˆKej cÉwZiÞv I ŠeG`wkK welGq
mxgve«¬| AewkÓ¡ mKj welGq AãivRÅàGjvi cƒYÆ ÞgZv N. DóxcGK weeZ† KgÆmƒwP ‰es ˆZvgvi cwVZ KgÆmƒwPi
^vKGe| ‰i gvaÅGg cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Õ¼vqîkvmGbi `vwe ZzGj
aiv nGqGQ| PZz^Æ `dvGZ ejv nq, mKj cÉKvi avhÆ I gGaÅ ˆKvbwUGK Zwz g Dîg gGb KGiv? hwy Ú `vI| 4
Av`vGqi ÞgZv ^vKGe AãivRÅàGjvi nvGZ| ˆK±`Êxq Z^v
cÉwZiÞv I ŠeG`wkK welGqi eÅq wbeÆvGni RbÅ ˆK±`Êxq 5bs cÉGk²i Dîi
miKviGK cÉGqvRbxq ivRGÕ¼i ˆhvMvb AvçwjK Znwej nGZ
mieivn Kiv nGe| ‰ `dvi ZvrchÆ nGjv- ˆK±`Êxq miKviGK K cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆgvU RbmsLÅvi 56 kZvsGki fvlv wQj
Ki Av`vGqi SvGgjv ˆcvnvGZ nGe bv, ˆK±`Ê I
AãivRÅàGjvi RbÅ Ki avhÆ I Av`vGqi gGaÅ ˆKvGbvi…c evsjv|
Š«¼ZZv ^vKGe bv| ‰GZ AcPq I AceÅq ˆiva nGe| cçg
`dvq ejv nq, ŠeG`wkK evwYRÅ welqK ÞgZv cÉ`vGbi K^v L gƒjZ 6 `dv KgÆmƒwPGK wbwøn× Kivi nxb lohG¯¨i bvgB
ejv nq| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi AwRÆZ gy`Ëvq cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb jvfevb HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv gvgjv|
nIqvi cwieGZÆ cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb jvfevb nGœQ| dGj cƒeÆ
cvwKÕ¦vb Aby®²ZB ˆ^GKB hvGœQ ‰ aviYvi Dcjwõ nq cƒeÆ HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv gvgjv evOvwj RbMY I ˆbZG‡ Z½i wei‚G«¬
cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbmvaviGYi gGb| lÓ¤ `dvq AvçwjK ZrKvjxb cvwKÕ¦vb kvmKGMvÓ¤xi avivevwnK loh¯¨ I
ˆmbvevwnbx MVGbi ÞgZv cÉ`vGbi K^v ejv nq| ‰ `dvi `gbbxwZiB ewntcÉKvk gvò| ŠÕ¼ivPvix AvBqye-ˆgvbvGqg
ZvrchÆ nGjv- ‰i gvaÅGg cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY AvçwjK miKvi eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb ‰es AvIqvgx jxMGK
wbivcîvi `vweGZ ˆmvœPvi nq| RbwewœQ®² Kivi RbÅ ‰B gvgjvi bxjbKkv ŠZwi KGib|
ZviB djkÉ‚wZGZ 1968 mvGji Rvbyqvwi gvGm eãe®¬y ˆkL
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`k cÉwZÓ¤vi cUf„wgGZ 6-`dv gywReyi ingvbGK cÉavb Avmvwg KGi AviI 34 Rb mvgwiK,
AvG±`vjGbi AbÅvbÅ `vweàGjvi ZvrchÆ eÅvcK I A^Æen| ˆemvgwiK eÅwÚi wei‚G«¬ ivÓ¡ÌG`ËvwnZvi AwfGhvM AvGb
cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKGMvÓ¤x| ‰B gvgjvq eãe®¬Gy K ‘cvwKÕ¦vGbi
kò‚’ ‰es ‘fviGZi `vjvj’ eGj cÉPvi Pvjvq|

M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘L’ AçGji gnvb ˆbZvi DïvwcZ
KgÆmƒwPi mvG^ Avgvi cwVZ eBGqi 6-`dv KgÆmƒwPi wgj
AvGQ|
6-`dv KgÆmƒwPi cÉ^g `dvGZ ejv nq, 1940 mvGji
HwZnvwmK jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGei wfwîGZ miKvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å nGe
Federal ev hÚy ivÓ¡Èxq I msm`xq c«¬wZi; ZvGZ hyÚivGÓ¡Èi
AãivRÅàGjv ˆ^GK ˆK±`Êxq eÅeÕ©vcK mfvi wbeÆvPb nGe
cÉZÅÞ ‰es meÆRbxb cÉvµ¦eqÕ• ˆfvUvwaKvGii wfwîGZ|
cÉG`kàGjv nGe cƒYÆ Õ¼vqîkvwmZ| ˆK±`Êxq eÅeÕ©vcK mfvi
cÉwZwbwa wbeÆvPb RbmsLÅvi wfwîGZ nGe| w«¼Zxq `dvGZ ejv
nq, ˆK±`Êxq ev hÚy ivÓ¡Èxq miKvGii `vwqZ½ ^vKGe ˆKej
cÉwZiÞv I ŠeG`wkK welGq mxgve«¬| AewkÓ¡ mKj welGq
AãivRÅàGjvi cƒYÆ ÞgZv ^vKGe| Z‡Zxq `dvGZ ejv nq, cƒeÆ
I cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ `ywU c†^K gy`ËveÅeÕ©v Pvjy KiGZ
nGe, hv cviÕ·wiKfvGe wKsev AevGa Dfq AçGj

cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK evsjvG`k (1947-1971) 5

wewbgqGhvMÅ| PZz^Æ `dvGZ ejv nq, mKj cÉKvi Ki avhÆ I 6bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Av`vGqi ÞgZv ^vKGe AãivRÅàGjvi nvGZ| ˆK±`Êxq Z^v
cÉwZiÞv I ŠeG`wkK welGqi eÅq wbeÆvGni RbÅ ˆK±`Êxq K wZZzgxGii cƒYbÆ vg nGjv Šmq` gxi wbmvi Avjx|
miKviGK cÉGqvRbxq ivRGÕ¼i ˆhvMvb AvçwjK Znwej nGZ
mieivn Kiv nGe| cçg `dvq ŠeG`wkK evwYRÅ welqK L nvRx kwiqZzÍÏvn cwiPvwjZ AvG±`vjGbi bvg nGjv
ÞgZv cÉ`vb ‰es lÓ¤ `dvq AvçwjK ˆmbvevwnbx MVGbi
ÞgZv cÉ`vGbi K^v ejv nq| divGqwR AvG±`vjb|
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, gy`Ëv I AvçwjK wbivcîv welGqi eÚeÅ
Qvov DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ ‘L’ AçGji gnvb ˆbZvi DïvwcZ divGqwR kõwU ‰GmGQ diR kõ ˆ^GK hvi A^Æ nGjv AekÅB
KgÆmƒwPi mvG^ Avgvi cwVZ eBGqi 6-`dv KgÆmƒwPi cÉvq me cvjbxq| wZwb gymjgvbG`i agÆxq KzmsÕ•vigyÚ nGq diR
welGqiB wgj AvGQ| cvjGb Avnevb Rvbvb| gymjgvbG`i KzmsÕ•vicƒYÆ AvPiY
‰es ŠbwZK AatcZb ZvGK wePwjZ KGi| wZwb ‰i ˆNvi
N DóxcGK weeZ† KgÆmƒwP ‰es Avgvi cwVZ eBGqi KgÆmƒwPi wei‚w«¬Zv KGib| ‰ jGÞÅ wZwb mvgvwRK I agÆxq AvG±`vjb
gGaÅ Avwg 6-`dv KgÆmƒwPGK Dîg eGj gGb Kwi| wbGP ‰ ÷i‚ KGib| Zvi ˆbZG‡ Z½ cwiPvwjZ AvG±`vjGbi bvg nGjv
mÁ·GKÆ hywÚ ˆ`LvGbv nGjv@ divGqwR AvG±`vjb|
1. gy`Ëv I AvçwjK wbivcîv: 6-`dv KgÆmƒwPGZ gy`Ëv I
AvçwjK wbivcîvi K^v myÕ·Ó¡fvGe DGÍÏL Kiv nq| ˆhgb- M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ `vweàGjv evOvwj ˆbZv eãe®¬y ˆkL
6-`dv KgÆmƒwPi Z‡Zxq `dvGZ ejv nq, cƒeÆ I cwøg
cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ `ywU c†^K gy`ËveÅeÕ©v Pvjy KiGZ nGe, hv gywReyi ingvGbi `vwei mvG^ mvgéÅcƒYÆ | wbGÁ² Zv eÅvLÅv Kiv
cviÕ·wiKfvGe wKsev AevGa Dfq AçGj wewbgqGhvMÅ| lÓ¤ nGjvt
`dvq@ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi wbivcîvi RbÅ AvçwjK ˆmbvevwnbx DóxcGKi ˆ`Gki bÅvq evsjvG`Gki RbMYI `xNÆw`b aGi
MVGbi ÞgZv c`É vGbi K^v ejv nq| ˆkvwlZ I ewçZ| ‰iv civaxbZvi k†›LGj Ave«¬| ‰B
2. evOvwj RvZxqZvev` P„ov¯¦ i…c MÉnY: eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi civaxbZv ˆ^GK RbMYGK gyÚ Kivi RbÅ ‰G`i cvGk `uvovb
ingvGbi Qq `dv `vwei gvaÅGg cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMGYi ‰K gnvb evOvwj ˆbZv eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb| wZwb
gGaÅ RvZxqZvGeva m†wÓ¡ nq| RbMGYi AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vq 1966 mvGj Qq`dv mÁw¼ jZ `vwe-
3. JcwbGewkK kvmb ˆ^GK gywÚ: Qq `dv wQj cvwKÕ¦vwb `vIqv Dïvcb KGib| ‰B Qq`dv `vweàGjv Av`vGqi RbÅ
JcwbGewkK kvmb ˆ^GK gywÚ cvevi P„ov¯¦ chÆvq| ‰i Dci Zvi ˆbZG‡ Z½ RbMY `yeÆvi AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGj| cieZÆxGZ
wfwî KGiB cvwKÕ¦vwb JcwbGewkK kvmb ˆ^GK gywÚ cvevi MYAfzÅïvb ‰es mvaviY wbeÆvPGb RbMY Zvi evÕ¦e cÉwZdjb
Avkvq evOvwjiv gywÚ msMÉvGg SuvwcGq cGo| NUvq| Aciw`GK ‰B gnvb ˆbZvi `vweàGjv evOvwj RvwZGK
DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ ‘L’ AçGji gnvb ˆbZvi DïvwcZ KgÆmƒwPGZ ivR‹bwZK mGPZb KGi ˆZvGj| meGkGl `yeÆvi AvG±`vjGbi
gy`Ëv I AvçwjK wbivcîv ‰es RvZxqZvGevGa D«¼y«¬ Kivi ci ˆ`kwU civaxbZvi k›† Lj ˆ^GK gyÚ nq|
gGZv ˆKvGbv welq bv ^vKvi KviGY ‘L’ AçGji RbMY ZvG`i
mgmÅv ˆ^GK gywÚ cvevi Avkv KiGZ cvGi bv| myZivs, N ‘H `vweàGjv wQj evOvwj RvwZi gywÚi mb`’- wbGÁ² DwÚwU
DóxcGK weeZ† KgÆmƒwPi PvBGZ Avgvi cwVZ eBGqi 6-`dv weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv:
KgÆmƒwP ˆh Dîg ‰ K^v wbtmG±`Gn ejv hvq|
1947 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i ci ˆ^GKB cwøg cvwKÕ¦vbx
cÉk² 6 AvwdÌKvi ‰KwU ˆ`Gki RbMY `xNÆw`b aGi kvmKˆMvÓ¤x mvgvwRK, ivR‹bwZK, A^Æ‹bwZK ‰es mvsÕ•‡wZK
w`K ˆ^GK cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMYGK ˆkvlY I wbhÆvZb KGi| ‰
ˆkvwlZ I wbhÆvwZZ| ‰B ˆkvwlZ I wbhÆvwZZ RbMGYi cvGk ŠelgÅ I eçbv ˆ^GK gywÚ cvIqvi RbÅ 1966 mvGji 5-6
ˆdeË‚qvwi jvGnvGi AbywÓ¤Z weGivax `jàGjvi mGÁÃjGb eãe®¬y
`uvovb gÅvG´£jv bvGg ‰K AvwdÌKvb ˆbZv| wZwb RbMGYi Zvi HwZnvwmK Qq`dv KgÆmƒwP ˆNvlYv KGib| ‰B KgÆmƒwPGZ
cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmbmn ivRÕ,¼ Ki I ÷Í• welqK ÞgZv ,
AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vi RbÅ KZàGjv `vwe Dïvcb KGib| ˆmB ŠeG`wkK evwYwRÅK ÞgZv, AvçwjK ˆmbvevwnbx MVGbi
ÞgZv ‰es ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii mvG^ wKQz welGq cÉG`Gki wbRÕ¼
`vweàGjv Av`vGqi RbÅ Zvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ RbMY `yeÆvi AvG±`vjb ÞgZvi `vwe DGÍÏL wQj| ‰B `vweàGjv Av`vGqi RbÅ
evOvwjiv `yeÆvi AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGj| ‰Qvov Qq`dv
MGo ˆZvGj|  wkLbdj: 8 [w`. ˆev. 2016] KgÆmƒwPwfwîK AvG±`vjb evOvwj RvZxqZvev`GK AvGiv weKwkZ
KGi| mGevÆ cwi 1971 mvGj eãe®¬y cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi
K. wZZzgxGii cƒYbÆ vg Kx? 1 civaxbZv ˆ^GK gyÚ nIqvi RbÅ AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGbi WvK
ˆ`b| evsjvG`Gki RbMY eÅvcKfvGe ‰GZ mvov ˆ`b| `xNÆ
L. divGqwR AvG±`vjb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 bq gvm iÚÞqx msMÉvGgi ci 1971 mvGji 16B wWGmÁ¼i
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq ‰KwU Õ¼vaxb I mveÆGfŒg evsjvG`k| myZivs
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ `vweàGjv ˆKvb evOvwj ˆbZvi wbtmG±`Gn ejv hvq ˆh, Qq`dv wQj evOvwj RvwZi gywÚi
mb`|
`vwei mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3

N. ‘H `vweàGjv wQj evOvwj RvwZi gywÚi mb`’ DwÚwU

weGkÏlY KGiv| 4

6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cÉk² 7 `xNÆ JcwbGewkK kvmb ˆ^GK gyÚ nGq ‰ AçGji Õ¼vaxbZvi Dci ˆRvi ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| cçg `dvq cvwKÕ¦vGbi
mKj cÉG`kGK evwYwRÅK AwaKvi cÉ`vGbi `vwe Kiv nGqwQj|
RbMGYi gGaÅ Avkv ˆRGMwQj ˆh ‰evi ZvG`i mvgwMÉK D®q² b ‰Qvov lÓ¤ `dvq AvçwjK ˆmbvevwnbx MVGbi `vwe wQj| axGi
axGi 6 `dv RbwcÉq nGq IGV ‰es MYAvG±`vjGbi i…c ˆbq|
mvwaZ nGe| wK¯§ AwPGiB A^Æ‹bwZK ˆkvlY, mvsÕ•‡wZK

wbcxob I ivR‹bwZK eçbvi KviGY ZvG`i nZvkvq wbgwäZ

nGZ nq| cieZÆxGZ `xNÆ AvG±`vjb msMÉvGgi ‰K chÆvGq N evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆGbi ˆcQGb Qq `dv KgÆmƒwP
ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ cÉfve ˆiGLGQ|
mGÁÃvnbx ˆbZG‡ Z½i àYvewj mÁ·®² ‰K eÅwÚZ½ RbMGYi

A^Æ‹bwZK gywÚ I Õ¼vwaKvGii K^v wP¯¦v KGi KGqKwU `dvi 6-`dvi w«¼Zxq `dvGZ ejv nq, ˆK±`Êxq ev hyÚivÓ¡Èxq
miKvGii `vwqZ½ ^vKGe ˆKej cÉwZiÞv I ŠeG`wkK welGq
mg®¼Gq ‰KwU AbbÅ KgÆmƒwP cÉ`vb KGib| hv RvwZi gywÚ mb` mxgve«¬| AewkÓ¡ mKj welGq AãivRÅàGjvi cƒYÆ ÞgZv
^vKGe| ‰i gvaÅGg cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Õ¼vqîkvmGbi `vwe ZzGj
wnGmGe weGewPZ nq|  wkLbdj: 8 [e. ˆev. 2016] aiv nGqGQ| PZz^Æ `dvGZ ejv nq, mKj cÉKvi avhÆ I
Av`vGqi ÞgZv ^vKGe AãivRÅàGjvi nvGZ| ˆK±`Êxq Z^v
K. hyÚdÌG´Ÿi wbeÆvPwb cÉZxK Kx wQj? 1 cÉwZiÞv I ŠeG`wkK welGqi eÅq wbeÆvGni RbÅ ˆK±`Êxq
miKviGK cÉGqvRbxq ivRGÕ¼i ˆhvMvb AvçwjK Znwej nGZ
L. gywRe bMi miKvGii MVb wjL| 2 mieivn Kiv nGe| ‰ `dvi ZvrchÆ nGjv- ˆK±`Êxq miKviGK
Ki Av`vGqi SvGgjv ˆcvnvGZ nGe bv, ˆK±`Ê I
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK DÚ mG¯Ãvnbx ˆbZv KZƆK AãivRÅàGjvi RbÅ Ki avhÆ I Av`vGqi gGaÅ ˆKvGbvi…c
Š«¼ZZv ^vKGe bv| ‰GZ AcPq I AceÅq ˆiva nGe| cçg
ˆNvwlZ KgÆmƒwP Kx? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 `dvq ejv nq, ŠeG`wkK evwYRÅ welqK ÞgZv cÉ`vGbi K^v
ejv nq| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi AwRÆZ gy`Ëvq cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb jvfevb
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ KgÆmƒwPi AvGjvGKB Õ¼vaxb nIqvi cwieGZÆ cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb jvfevb nGœQ| dGj cƒeÆ
cvwKÕ¦vb Aby®²ZB ˆ^GKB hvGœQ ‰ aviYvi Dcjwõ nq cƒeÆ
evsjvG`Gki AfzÅ`q NGUGQ- Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbmvaviGYi gGb| lÓ¤ `dvq AvçwjK
ˆmbvevwnbx MVGbi ÞgZv cÉ`vGbi K^v ejv nq| ‰ `dvi
7bs cÉGk²i Dîi ZvrchÆ nGjv- ‰i gvaÅGg cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY AvçwjK
wbivcîvi `vweGZ ˆmvœPvi nq|
K hyÚdÌG´Ÿi wbevÆPwb cÉZxK wQj ˆbŒKv|

L gywÚh«y ¬GK MwZgq I mymsnZ Kivi RbÅ 1971 mvGji 10 cwiGkGl ejv hvq, Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`k cÉwZÓ¤vi cUf„wgGZ 6-`dv
AvG±`vjGbi `vweàGjvi ZvrchÆ eÅvcK I A^Æen|
‰wcÉj gywRebMi miKvi ev cÉevmx miKvi MVb Kiv nq| ‰i
MVb wbÁ²i…c: cÉk² 8 wZDwbwmqvi RbMY `yB `kGKi ˆewk mgq aGi
1. ivÓ¡ÈcwZ: eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb
2. Dc-ivÓ¡ÈcwZ: Šmq` bRi‚j Bmjvg ÞgZvq AuvKGo ^vKv ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ RvBb Avj AvGew`b ˆeb
3. cÉavbg¯¨x: ZvRDóxb AvnGg` Avwji c`ZÅvGMi `vweGZ AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ KGi| dGj RbMGYi
4. ciivÓ¡Èg¯¨x: L±`Kvi ˆgvÕ¦vK AvnGg` Ici miKvGii wbhÆvZb ˆeGo hvq| Avie em¯¦ bvGg cwiwPZ
5. A^Æg¯¨x: KÅvG¶Ÿb gbmyi Avjx ‰B AvG±`vjb ‰K chvÆ Gq MYAfzÅïvGb i…c ˆbq|
6. Õ¼ivÓ¡,È òvY I cybevÆmb g¯¨x: ‰ ‰BP ‰g Kvgvi‚ävgvb
7. cÉavb ˆmbvcwZ: ˆRbvGij ‰g ‰ wR Imgvbx
8. ˆWcywU Pxd Ae Õ¡vd: MÉ‚c KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰ ˆK L±`Kvi

M DóxcGKi AvGjvGK DÚ mGÁÃvnbx ˆbZv RvwZi RbK  wkLbdj: 11 [Kz. ˆev. 2016]

eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb KZƆK ˆNvwlZ KgÆmƒPx nGjv 6`dv K. KZ ZvwiGL gwy RebMi miKvi MwVZ nq? 1
KgÆmƒPx| wbGÁ² Zv eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjvt
cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i ci ˆ^GKB cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvgwiK miKvi L. evOvwji gÅvMbvKvUÆv ejv nq ˆKvb KgÆmƒwPGK ‰es
cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉwZ ivR‹bwZK, A^Æ‹bwZK I mvsÓ•‡wZK
ˆÞGò wbcxob KGiGQ| ‰Qvov 1965mvGji cvK-fviZ ˆKb? 2
hy«¬KvGj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vbGK AiwÞZ ivLvi RbÅ eãe®¬y ˆkL
gywReyi ingvb ˆK±`Êxq miKviGK `vqx KGib| cieZxÆKvGj M. DóxcGKi AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆKvb
1966 mvGj jvGnvGi ‰K mGÁÃjGb wZwb evOvwj RvwZi Õ¼v^Æ
mswkÓÏ ¡ 6 `dv KgÆmƒwP ˆck KGib| AMYZvw¯¨K miKvi ˆhb AvG±`vjGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ- eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
Avi cÉwZwÓ¤Z nGZ bv cvGi ˆmRbÅ cÉ^g `dvq ejv nGqwQj,
jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vewfwîK msm`xq I hyÚivÓ¡xq miKvi cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv N. Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki AfÅz `Gq DÚ AvG±`vjGbi ZvrchÆ
nGe| w«¼Zxq `dvq ˆ`kiÞv I ciivÓ¡È welGqi Dci ài‚Z½
AviGvc Kiv nGqGQ| A^Æ‹bwZK ˆkvlY I gy`Ëv cvPvi ˆivGai eYÆbv KGiv| 4
RbÅ Z‡Zxq `dvq `ywU gy`Ëvi wKsev ‰KB gy`Ëvi K^v ejv
nGqwQj| PZz^Æ `dvq Ki I ÷Í• avGhÆi ˆÞGò AãivRÅàGjvi 8bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K 1971 mvGji 10 ‰wcjÉ gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq|

L AwaKvi Av`vGq eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi Qq `dv
KgÆmƒwPGK evOvwji gÅvMbvKvUÆv ejv nq|

cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK evsjvG`k (1947-1971) 7

Qq `dv `vwe wQj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMGYi Avkv-AvKv›Lvi RvMÉZ KGi ˆZvGj| ‰ KviGY, cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb ˆNvjvGU
cÉZxK ‰es Õ¼fveZB ‰i cÉwZ ZvG`i mg^Æb wQj Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ| ivR‹bwZK cwiwÕ©wZ weivR KGi ‰es AvBbk†›Ljv cwiwÕ©wZ
RbMGYi gGaÅ RvZxqZvev`x ˆPZbvi DG¯Ãl NUvi ˆÞGò Qq KÌgv¯¼Gq AebwZi w`GK ˆhGZ ^vGK| ZvB kvmbZvw¯¨K
`dvi ài‚Z½ wQj Acwimxg| ‰Uv wQj ˆkvlGKi nvZ nGZ eÅeÕ©vi D®²wZKG͸ mvgwiK kvmK ˆRbvGij Bqvwnqv Lvb
ˆkvwlGZi A^Æ‹bwZK, mvgvwRK I ivR‹bwZK AwaKvi wQwbGq 1970 mvGj wbeÆvPGbi ˆNvlYv ˆ`b| wbevÆPGb AvIqvgx jxM
Avbvi nvwZqvi| mîGii wbeÆvPb wQj gƒjZ Qq `dv Z^v wbiâzk Rqjvf KGi| wbevPÆ Gb RqjvGfi ciI ÞgZv `Lj
cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmGbi Ici RbgZ hvPvBGqi AcƒeÆ myGhvM| KiGZ bv ˆ`qvi 1971 mvGj AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGbi mƒPbv nq
1970-‰i wbeÆvPGb AvIqvgx jxGMi weRq ‰es gywÚhGy «¬i hv gywÚhGy «¬i i…c cwiMÉn KGi|
gvaÅGg Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi wcQGb Qq `dv KgÆmƒPxi wQj ˆRvivGjv
AvGe`b| ‰me KviGYB Qq `dvGK evOvwji gÅvMbvKvUÆv eGj cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, 1969 mvGji MYAfzÅïvGbi dGj
AvLÅvwqZ Kiv nq| ivR‹bwZK, mvgvwRK, A^Æ‹bwZK ˆkvlY I eçbv ˆ^GK evOvwj
RvwZi gywÚi c^ iwPZ nq| ‰ AvG±`vjGbi gvaÅGgB cƒeÆ
M DóxcGKi AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ cvwKÕ¦vGbi AbÅZg evsjvi RbMY wbGRG`i Õ¼vqîkvmGbi `vweGZ msMÉvg KGi
AvG±`vjb 1969 mvGji MYAfzÅïvGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| wbGP ‰es Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg evsjvG`Gki AfzÅ`q NUvq|
welqwU eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv-
cÉk² 9 mv`x mvGne Zvi bvZbxGK ‰KwU MYA^yÅïvGbi M͸
DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq, wZDwbwmqvi RbMY `yB `kGKi
ˆewk mgq aGi ÞgZv AuvKGo ^vKv ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ RvBb Avj ÷bvwœQGjb| wZwbI ‰B AvG±`vjGb hÚy wQGjb| ‰ AvG±`vjb
AvGew`b ˆeb Avwji c`ZÅvGMi `vweGZ AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ KGi|
dGj RbMGYi Ici miKvGii wbhÆvZb ˆeGo hvq| Avie em¯¦ KÌGg cÉKU AvKvi aviY KiGj kvmKGMvÓ¤x wg^Åv loh¯¨ gvgjv
bvGg cwiwPZ ‰B AvG±`vjb ‰K chÆvGq MYAfzÅïvGb i…c ˆbq|
cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvqI ˆ`Lv hvq, ŠÕ¼ikvmK AvBqye LvGbi ‰K cÉZÅvnvi KGi mKj AvmvwgGK gywÚ`vb KGib|
`kGKi ŠÕ¼ikvmGbi gGaÅ MYAfzÅïvGbi exR wbwnZ wQj|
AvBqye Lvb 1958 mvGj ÞgZv `Lj KGiB cvwKÕ¦vGb mvgwiK  wkLbdj: 11 [wm. ˆev. 2016]
‰KbvqKZ½ cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| Av^-Æ mvgvwRK, ivR‹bwZK ŠelgÅ,
Õ¼vqîkvmGbi `vwe DGcÞv, AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjvi gZ N†YÅ K. ˆK ˆkL gywReyi ingvbGK ‘eãe®¬y’ DcvwaGZ f„wlZ
KvGR AvBqye Lvb wjµ¦ nGj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY Zvi
wei‚G«¬ gvGV bvGg| dGj ZLb weGivax `Gji Dci `gb- KGib? 1
cxob, ˆMÉdZvi, nqivwb ‰es Qvò wbhÆvZb wbZÅ‹bwgwîK NUbv
nGq `vou vq| hvi dGj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb AvBqyeweGivax ivR‹bwZK L. QvòG`i 11 `dvi ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ `ywU `vwe DGÍÏL KGiv| 2
kwÚàGjv AvBqye LvGbi wei‚G«¬ MYAfzÅïvb NUvq|
myZivs ejv hvq, DóxcGKi AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ cvwKÕ¦vGbi M. DóxcGK ˆh gvgjvi BwãZ cÉ`vb Kiv nGqGQ Zv
AbÅZg AvG±`vjb 1969 mvGji MYAfzÅïvGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
eYÆbv KGiv| 3
N Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki AfzÅ`Gq 1969 mvGji MYAfzÅïvGbi
ZvrchÆ wbGP eYÆbv Kiv nGjv- N. DóxcGK ˆh AvG±`vjGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ Zvi djvdj

1969 mvGji MYAfzÅïvGbi dGj AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjvi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
Aemvb NGU| MYZvw¯¨K msMÉvg cwil` I QvòmsMÉvg cwilG`i
ˆbZvMY 1968 mvGji AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjvi cÉwZevG` 9bs cÉGk²i Dîi
Abo I AUj ^vKvq 1969 mvGji 22 ˆdeË‚qvwi AvMiZjv
gvgjvq AwfhÚy me AvmvwgGK webv kGZÆ gywÚ w`GZ AvBqye K ˆK±`Êxq Qvò msMÉvg cwilG`i cÞ ˆ^GK QvòGbZv
miKvi evaÅ nb| MYAfzÅïvGbi ZxeËZv cÉkgGbi RbÅ
cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvgwiK kvmK AvBqye Lvb 1969 mvGji ˆde‚qË vwi ˆZvdvGqj AvnGg` ˆkL gywReiy ingvbGK ‘eãe®¬y’ DcvwaGZ
gvGm ivIqvjwcw´£GZ ‰K ˆMvj ˆUwej ŠeVK Avnevb KGib|
‰ ŠeVGK 6 `dv KgÆmƒwP cÉZÅvLÅvb Kiv nq| dGj f„wlZ KGib|
MYAvG±`vjb AveviI ZxeË i…c aviY KGi ‰es cÉkvmb wbøj
nGq cGo| ‰ mgq gvIjvbv Avõyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx cÉZÅÞ L ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi QvòmgvR cvwKÕ¦vb mvgwiK
msMÉvGgi WvK ˆ`b| ‰GZ AvBbk†›Ljvi AvGiv AebwZ NUGZ
^vGK| MYAfzÅïvb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMYGK Õ¼vwaKvi ˆPZbvq miKvGii ŠÕ¼ivPvix AvPiGYi wei‚G«¬ weGkl KGi Õ¼vwaKvi
cÉwZÓ¤vi `vexGZ 1969 mvGji 5 Rvbyqvwi’ 11 `dv KgÆmƒwP
ˆNvlYv KGi| 11 `dv KgmÆ ƒwPi 2wU ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ `vwe nGjvt-
1. 6 `dvi wfwîGZ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Õ¼vqîkvmb cÉ`vb|
2. mKj ivRe±`xi gzwÚ ‰es AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjvq
ˆMÉdZvi I üwjqv cZÉ Åvnvi Kiv|

M AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjv wQj ‰KbvqK AvBqƒe LvGbi

kvmbvgGji ‰K N†YÅ loh¯¨| evOvwji AwaKvi Av`vGqi jovB
bmÅvr KiGZ cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKPKÌ ‰ loh¯¨gƒjK gvgjv `vGqi
KGi| AvBqƒe Lvb miKvi ˆkLgywRemn 35 Rb evOvwj
mvgwiK-ˆemvgwiK eÅwÚG`i wei‚G«¬ ivÓ¡ÈG`ËvwnZvi ‰KwU
gvgjv `vGqi KGi hv ‘AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjv’ bvGg cwiwPZ|
‰ gvgjvi wkGivbvg wQjt “ivÓ¡È ebvg ˆkL gywReyi ingvb I
AbÅvbÅ”| gvgjvi AwfGhvGM ejv nq cÉavb Avmvgx eãe®¬y
ˆkL gywReyi ingvb I Zuvi mnGhvwMiv fviGZi mnvqZvq mkÕ¨

8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

weµÏGei gvaÅGg cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vbGK cvwKÕ¦vb nGZ wewœQ®² Kivi N. DÚ ˆbZvi ewjÓ¤ I AvGcvknxb ˆbZG‡ Z½ evsjvG`k

DGóGkÅ fviGZi AvMiZjvq loh¯¨ KiGQ| gvgjvi wePvGii Õ¼vaxbZv jvf KGiwQj DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4

RbÅ 1968 mvGj XvKvq ‰KwU weGkl Av`vjZ MVb Kiv nq| 10bs cÉGk²i Dîi

1968 mvGji 19 Ryb XvKvi KzwgÆGUvjv KÅv´ŸbGgG´Ÿ ‰ gvgjvi K gvIjvbv Avõjy nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi ˆbZG‡ Z½ AvIqvgx
wePviKvhÆ ÷i‚ nq| ‰ gvgjvq 35 RbGK Avmvgx Kiv nGjI gymwjg jxM MwVZ nq|
cieZxÆGZ 11 RbGK AeÅvwnZ ˆ`qv nq ‰es Zviv ivRmvÞx
nq| ‰ gvgjvq 200 Rb mvÞx wQj| 1969 mvGj ‰ gvgjvi L evsjvi wn±`y I gymjgvb mÁcÉ`vGqi gGaÅ we`Ågvb
wei‚G«¬ cƒe-Æ cvwKÕ¦vGb eÅvcK MY-AvG±`vjb ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ZxeË mvÁcÉ`vwqK weGf` mgvavGbi jGÞÅ Dfq mÁcÉ`vGqi gGaÅ
AvG±`vjGbi gƒGL AvBqƒe miKvi 1969 mvGji 22 ˆdeË‚qvwi mÁ·vw`Z PzwÚ nGjv ˆeãj cÅvÙ (1923)|
AvMiZjv gvgjv cÉZÅvnvi ‰es e±`xG`i wbtkZÆ gywÚ `vb Geãj cÅvÙ mÁ·v`Gbi ˆÞGò wPîiéb `vGki bvg
KGib| AweÕÃiYxq| `ƒi`kÆx I evÕ¦eev`x ivRbxwZwe` wnmvGe wPîiéb
`vk eySGZ ˆcGiwQGjb gymjgvbG`i Õ¼v^Æ DGcÞv KGi fviGZi
N DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ ˆh AvG±`vjGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ Zv Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb mÁ¿e bq| ZvB wZwb wn±`y gymwjg HKÅ Õ©vcGb

“1969 mvGji MYAf„Å^vGbi HwZnvwmK NUbvwUGK BwãZ ‰K PzwÚ Kivi K^v wP¯¦v KGib| Zvi ‰B D`vi `†wÓ¡fwã I

KGi| wbGÁ² 1969 mvGji MYAf„ÅïvGbi djvdj AvGjvPbv wm«¬vG¯¦i cÉwZ kÉ«¬v ˆiGL evsjvi gymwjg ˆbZv ‰ ˆK dRjyj

Kiv nGjvt nK, ˆmvnivIqv`Æx I AbÅvbÅ ˆbZviv ‰KvñZv cÉKvk KGib|

1. RvZxqZvevG`i weKvk t 1969 mvGji MYAf„Åïvb evOvwj Dfq mÁcÉ`vGqi ˆbZe‡ †G±`i my`xNÆ AvGjvPbvi ci 1923

RvZxqevG`i weKvGk ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| 1952 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i Õ¼ivR cvwUÆi ‰K mfvq ˆeãj cÅvÙ

mvGj m†Ó¡ evOvwj RvZxqZvev` ‰ Af„ÅïvGbi gvaÅGg AbyGgv`b jvf KGi|

mymsnZ nq| M DóxcGKi ˆbZvi mvG^ Avgvi cvVÅ eBGqi ˆbZv eãe®¬y
2. ŠÕ¼ivPvi weGivax gvbwmKZv m†wÓ¡t 1969 mvGji ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
evsjvG`k I eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb mgv^ÆK| Õ¼vaxb
MYAf„ÅïvGbi gvaÅGg RbMGbi gGaÅ eÅvcKfvGe ŠÕ¼ivPvi evsjvG`k eãe®¬y ˆkL gywRGei Ae`vb| ‰B gnvb ˆbZvi
weGivax gvbwmKZvi m†wÓ¡ nq| dGj MYZG¯¨i RbÅ AvGiv jÞÅ wQj cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmK bvGgi ˆkvlK ˆMvÓ¤xi AbÅvq, Ryjyg,
ˆewk ZÅvM Õ¼xKvGii eÅvcvGi RbMY gvbwmKfvGe cÉÕ§wy Z AZÅvPvi ˆ^GK evsjvi gvbylG`i gyÚ Kiv| hvi KviGY ˆ`Lv
ˆbq| hvq, 1948 mvGji fvlv AG±`vjb ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi 1954
3. AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjvi Aemvbt 1969 mvGji mvGji hÚy dÌ´Ÿ wbeÆvPb, 1966 mvGji Qq `dv AvG±`vjb,
MYAf„ÅïvGbi dGj cvwKÕ¦vb miKvi AvMiZjv loh¯¨ AvMiZjv gvgjv, 1969-‰i MYAfÅyïvb, 1970 mvGji
gvgjv cÉZÅvnvGi evaÅ nq| wbeÆvPGb Rqjvf meÆòB wQj eãe®¬yi mÁ·†ÚZv| wZwb eySGZ
4. ŠÕ¼ivPvix kvmGbi Aemvbt ‰B AvG±`vjGbi dGj AvBqƒe- ˆcGiwQGjb mnR cG^ cvK kvmK ˆMvÓ¤xi KvQ ˆ^GK Õ¼vaxbZv
ˆgvGgb LvGbi ŠÕ¼ivPvix kvmGbi Aemvb nq| Av`vq mÁ¿e bq| ZvBGZv wZwb 1971 mvGji 7 gvPÆ evOvwj
5. eãe®¬y gywRe Awemsevw`Z ˆbZvt ‰ AvG±`vjGbi dGj RvwZGK Õ¼vaxbZv hGy «¬i Avnevb Rvbvb| evOvwj RvwZ Zvui
RvwZi RbK eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb evOvwj RvwZi AvnevGb mvov w`Gq 1971-‰ wQwbGq AvGb gnvb weRq|
‰Kgvò Awemsevw`Z ˆbZvq cwibZ nq| DóxcGKi eÅwÚZ½ RRÆ IqvwksUGbi gvGS Avgiv ˆh cÉæv,
6. Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg evsjvG`Gki m†wÓ¡t ‰ AvG±`vjGbi gvaÅGg evw™ÂZv, `ƒi`†wÓ¡Zvi àY ˆ`LGZ cvB; eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
m†Ó¡ RvZxqZvevG`i KviGY 1971 mvGji Õ¼vaxbZv hyG«¬

evOvwj RvwZ AskMÉnY KGi ‰es Õ¼vaxbZv wQwbGq AvGb| ingvGbi gvGSI Abyi…c àGYi mgvnvi NGUwQj|
myZivs ejv hvq, DóxcGK ewYÆZ AvG±`jb 1969 mvGji
MYAf„ÅïvGbi djvdj wQj my`yi cÉmvix| N DÚ ˆbZv ejGZ ‰LvGb eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi
cÉwZ BswMZ Kiv nGqGQ, hvi KviGY evsjvG`k AvR Õ¼vaxb

cÉk² 10 AvaywbK MYZvw¯¨K weGk¼ RRÆ IqvwksUb cÉæv, ˆ`Gki ghvÆ`vq weGk¼ gv^v DuPz KGi `vuwoGq AvGQ|
evw™ÂZv, `ƒi`†wÓ¡ BZÅvw` KviGY wPiÕÃiYxq| DcwbGewkK 1939 mvGj ˆMvcvjMé wgkbvwi Õ•zGj covi mgq ˆ^GKB
kvmGbi wei‚G«¬ wbR ˆ`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv cÉwZÓ¤vq Zvi Ae`vb eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi ivR‹bwZK Rxeb ÷i‚ nq|
Acwimxg| ‰ KviGY RvwZ Zvi KvGQ wPiFYx| evsjvG`Gki 1940 mvGj wZwb wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxGM ˆhvM ˆ`b|
Õ¼vaxbZv AvG±`vjGb ˆZgwb ‰K ˆbZvi Ae`vb wPiÕÃiYxq| wkLbcdij:eZ15ÆxG[ZKz. ˆwZevw.b20ˆ1m6v]nivIqv`Æxi nvZ aGi ˆhvM ˆ`b ˆeãj
K. ˆKvb ˆbZvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MwVZ nq?1 gymwjg jxGM| 1947 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vb cÉwZÓ¤vi ci cƒeÆ evsjvi
2 wbhvÆwZZ gvbyGli gywÚi jGÞÅ wewf®² AvG±`vjGb mwKqÌ fvGe
L. ˆeãj cÅvÙ KvGK eGj?
M. DóxcGKi ˆbZvi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅeBGqi ˆKvb AskMÉnY KGib| ‰ RGbÅ ZvuGK eüevi KviveiY KiGZ
3 nGqGQ| wK¯§ wZwb AbÅvGqi cÉwZevG` KLGbv wcQy nGUb wb|
ˆbZvi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ- eÅvLÅv KGiv|

cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK evsjvG`k (1947-1971) 9

1966 mvGj wZwb evOvwj RvwZi gywÚi mb` LÅvZ Qq `dv gywÚhGy «¬i Avnevb Rvbvb| ZvuiB WvGK mvov w`Gq evOvwj
ˆck KGib| ‰B Qq `dvi `vwei cÉwZ fxZ nGq cvwKÕ¦vwb RvwZ wQwbGq AvGb Õ¼vaxbZvi jvj mƒhÆ|
kvmKGMvÓ¤x Zuvi wei‚G«¬ AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjv KGi| fxZ IqvwksUGbi gGZvB eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb DcwbGewkK
nb wb wZwb| 1969 mvGji MY AvG±`vjGbi PvGc cvK miKvi kvmKG`i mvG^ AvGcvl KGib wb| eis kÚ nvGZ wbwfÆK wPGî
Zvui wei‚G«¬ AvbxZ gvgjv cÉZÅvnvi KiGZ evaÅ nq| 1970 evOvwj RvwZGK ˆ`wLGqGQb gywÚi c^| ZvB Avwg gGb Kwi
mvGji wbevPÆ Gb weRqx nGqI wZwb cvK miKvGii mvG^ ˆKvGbv evOvwj RvwZi gywÚ ARÆGb ‰B gnvbvqGKi Ae`vb AbÕ¼xKvhÆ|
AvGcvl KGib wb| eis 1971 mvGj mgMÉ evOvwj RvwZGK wZwb

cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cÉGkv² îi

cÉk² 11 ‰K mgq AvwdÌKv gnvG`Gk my`vb bvgK ‰KwU gymjgvbG`i D®²qGbi ˆÞGò bIqve Avõyj jwZdI Abyi…c fvebv
ˆfGewQGjb ‰es gymjgvbG`i mvgwMÉK D®²qGb wbGew`Z wQGjb|
gymwjg cÉavb ivÓ¡Ç wQj| DÚ my`vb bvg ivÓ¡Ç cƒeÆvsk ‰es
M DóxcGK ewYÆZ ŠelGgÅi mvG^ ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb I
`wÞYvsk `ywU AsGk wefÚ wQj| ZLb `wÞY my`vGbi mÁ·` cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ weivRgvb ŠelGgÅi wgj iGqGQ|

wbGq my`vGbi gƒj kvmKGMvÓ¤x ÷aygvò cƒeÆ my`vGbi D®²qGb eÅq cvwKÕ¦vb ivGÓ¡Çi R¯Ã nGqGQ 1940 mvGji jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGei
wfwîGZ hvi gƒj cÉÕ¦ve wQj cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb| wK¯§
KiZ| `wÞY my`vGbi RbMY PvKzix mn AbÅvbÅ AGbK ˆÞGò cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i ci ˆ^GK gymwjg jxM cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb
cÉwZÓ¤vi welqwU ‰woGq hvq ‰es eÅvcK mvgwiK, ivR‹bwZK,
ewçZ nwœQj| `xNÆw`Gbi eçbv Avi kvmb-ˆkvlY I cÉkvmwbK I A^Æ‹bwZK ŠelgÅ m†wÓ¡ KGi| 1958 mvGji
AvBqye LvGbi mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii ci ŠelgÅ AviI e†w«¬
wbhÆvZGbi wei‚G«¬ Zviv cÉwZevG` ˆmvœPvi nGq IGV| ‰K mgq cvq| cvwKÕ¦vb miKvGii ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ g¯¨Yvjq, wefvM I
Awa`µ¦iàGjvGZ evOvwji AeÕ©vb wQj LyeB bMYÅ| ZvQvov
evGa iÚÞqx h«y ¬| hy«¬ e®¬ KiGZ RvwZmsGNi Zî½veavGb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ h^vh^ wbivcîv I cÉwZiÞv eÅeÕ©v MGo
ˆZvjvi ˆÞGòI cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb KLGbv my`†wÓ¡ ˆ`qwb|
kvw¯¦ PzwÚ Õ¼vÞwiZ nq| PzwÚi kZÆ Abyhvqx RvwZmsGNi Rxebhvòvi gvb, wk͸vqb, Avg`vwb LvGZ eÅq, ivRÕ¼ Avq I
eÅq, ŠeG`wkK mvnvhÅ I FY e¥Ÿb cÉf‡wZ ˆÞGò cƒeÆ I cwøg
Zî½veavGb MYGfvU AbywÓ¤Z nq| MYGfvGU Õ¼vaxbZvi cGÞ cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ eo aiGbi Avw^ÆK ŠelgÅ wQj| wkÞvi
ˆÞGòI evOvwjiv ŠelGgÅi wkKvi nGqGQ| ‰gbwK wewf®²
RbMY wecyj mvov ˆ`q| AZtci kvw¯¦cƒYÆ DcvGq RvwZmsGNi mvgvwRK ŠelgÅI wQj hv cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvweÆK Rxebhvòvi
Ici cÉfve ˆdGjGQ|
Zî½veavGb ‘`wÞY my`vb’ bvGg Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg ivÓ¡Ç weGk¼i
DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ my`vGbi Dîi AskI wewf®²fvGe `wÞY
gvbwPGò Õ©vb KGi ˆbq| wkLbdj-1 AskGK ewçZ KGiGQ ‰es ŠelgÅ m†wÓ¡ KGiGQ| ZvB ejv hvq,
DóxcGK ewYÆZ ŠelGgÅi mvG^ ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ I cwøg
K. 1970 mvGji wbeÆvPGb RvZxq cwilG` cvwKÕ¦vb cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ weivRgvb ŠelGgÅi mv`†kÅ ^vKvq DóxcGK
DwÍÏwLZ ivGÓ¡Çi mvG^ Avgvi cwVZ ZrKvjxb cvwKÕ¦vb ivGÓ¡Çi
AvIqvgx jxM KZwU Avmb jvf KGiwQj? 1 wgj LyuGR cvIqv hvq|

L. beve Ave`jy jwZdGK evsjvi Šmq` AvnGÁÃ` ejv N DóxcGK ewYÆZ `wÞY my`vGbi RbMGYi Õv¼ axbZv ARÆb ‰es
evsjvG`Gki RbMGYi 1971 mvGji Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb ‰KiKg bq|
nq ˆKb? 2 `wÞY my`vGbi RbMGYi Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki
RbMGYi 1971 mvGji Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆGbi Zzjbv wb¯Ãi…c-
M. DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ my`vb ivGÓ¡Çi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cwVZ `yGUv ˆ`Gki mv`†kÅ ˆh RvqMvq wQj ˆmwU nGjv `wÞY my`vb I
cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb DfqB ZvG`i ˆ`Gki AbÅ Avi ‰KwU Ask «¼viv
ˆKvb ivGÓ¡Çi wgj LuyGR cvIqv hvq? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 mvgvwRK, ivR‹bwZK, A^Æ‹bwZK, mvgwiK I cÉkvmwbK
ŠelGgÅi wkKvi nGqwQj| ŠelgÅ KÌgvMZ nvGi e†w«¬i dGj
N. Zzwg wK gGb Ki, my`vb nGZ `wÞY my`vGbi Õ¼vaxbZv Dfq ˆ`Gki RbMGYi gGaÅB wZÚZv, mG±`n I Awek¼vGmi
exR R¯Ã wbGqwQj|
jvf ‰es cvwKÕ¦vb nGZ evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi

NUbv cÉevGni üeü wgj iGqGQ? ˆZvgvi DîGii

Õ¼cGÞ hywÚ ˆ`LvI| 4

11bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K 1970 mvGji wbeÆvPGb RvZxq cwilG` cvwKÕ¦vb AvIqvgx
jxM 167wU Avmb jvf KGi|

L mÅvi Šmq` AvnGgG`i gGZv beve Avõjy jwZd
gymjgvbG`i D®²qGb mgvR msÕ•vigƒjK I wkÞv weÕ¦vigƒjK
KvR KGib| ‰ mKj KviGY bIqve Avõyj jwZdGK evsjvi
‘Šmq` Avng`’ ejv nq|

gymjgvb mgvGRi `ytL, `y`Ækv I `yMÆwZ mÅvi Šmq` Avng`GK
PigfvGe eÅw^Z KGiwQj| wZwb Dcjwº¬ KGib, gymjgvbG`i
cvøvZÅ ævb-weævGbi cÉwZ N†Yv I D`vmxbZv ZvG`i `ytL Š`GbÅi
KviY| ZvB wZwb gymjgvbG`i D®²wZi RbÅ BsGiRG`i mGã
mnGhvwMZv I cvøvZÅ wkÞv MÉnGYi Ici ˆRvi ˆ`b| evsjvi

10 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

evsjvG`k I `wÞY my`vGbi Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi gGaÅ ˆek wKQy DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvGœQ ‘K’ bvgK ivGÓ¡Çi cvÉ G`wkK cwilG`i
welGq Šemv`†kÅI wQj| ˆhgb- my`vGbi Dfq AsGki RbMGYi wbeÆvPGb ÞgZvmxb `Gji civRq NGU| ‰GZ 21 `dv KgÆmƒwP
gGaÅ mvÁ·É`vwqK `vãv QwoGq cGowQj, wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vGb ‰ ˆ`qv 4 `jxq ˆRvU weRqx nq| 1954 mvGji hÚy dÌ´Ÿ wbeÆvPGb
aiGYi mvÁ·É`vwqK `vãv m†wÓ¡ nqwb| AekÅ ‰ aiGbi `vãv ‰ welqàGjv jÞ Kiv hvq| ‰ wbeÆvPGb AvIqvgx gymwjg
m†wÓ¡ bv nIqvi ˆcQGb ˆfŒGMvwjK `ƒiGZ½i welqUv nqZ wQj| jxGMi ˆbZG‡ Z½ KGqKwU `j wgGj hÚy dÌ´Ÿ MVb KGiwQj| ‰i
`wÞY my`vGb Av¯¦RÆvwZK kwÚi cÉGPÓ¡vq kvw¯¦ PzwÚ mÁ·vw`Z wbeÆvPwb cÉZxK wQj ˆbŒKv| ‰ wbeÆvPGb 309 wU AvmGbi gGaÅ
nq ‰es cGi MYGfvU nq| MYGfvGU `wÞY my`vGbi RbMY gymjgvbG`i RbÅ msiwÞZ 237 wU AvmGb hyÚdÌ´Ÿ 223wU
‰KwU Õ¼vaxb ivGÓ¡Çi cGÞ ivq ˆ`q| c†w^exi gvbwPGò R¯Ã ˆbq AvmGb Rqx nq| cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉvG`wkK AvBbmfvi m`mÅMY
`wÞY my`vb bvGgi ‰KwU ivÓ¡Ç| wK¯§ evsjvG`k `xNÆ bq gvm 1946 mvGji mvaviY wbeÆvPGb 5 eQGii RbÅ wbeÆvwPZ nb|
hyG«¬i gvaÅGg, wòk jÞ kwnG`i wewbgGq, AZÅvPvwi wbqg Abyhvqx 1951 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vGbi AbÅvbÅ cÉvG`wkK
cvwKÕ¦vwbG`i civwRZ KGi Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb KGiwQj| 1971 AvBbmfvi wbeÆvPb AbywÓ¤Z nGjI kvmKGMvÓ¤x cƒeÆ evsjvq bvbv
mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i cvwKÕ¦vwbiv AvñmgcÆY KiGj AvgvG`i ARynvGZ wbeÆvPb wejwÁ¼Z KGi ‰es ‰LvbKvi AvBbmfvi
weRq AwRÆZ nq | ˆgqv` AviI wZb eQi e†w«¬ Kiv nq| 1949 mvGj AbywÓ¤Z
UvãvBj DcwbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxGMi civRGqi Avkâvq ‰i…c
DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, hw`I `wÞY my`vb eÅeÕ©v Kiv nGjI ‰GZ gymwjg jxGMi RbwcÉqZv AviI KGg
I evsjvG`Gki RbMGYi Ici AbÅvq, AwePvi I ŠelgÅ ‰KB hvq| ˆkl chƯ¦ MY`vwei gyGL evaÅ nGq 1954 mvGji 8 gvPÆ
iKGgi nGqwQj| wK¯§ ivÓ¡Ç `ywUi Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi cÉwKÌqv wQj cƒeÆ evsjvi wbeÆvPb AbywÓ¤Z nq|
cyGivcywi wf®²|
N DóxcGKi wbeÆvPb A^Ævr 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPGb ÞgZvmxb
cÉk² 12 ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Ç ‰KwU cÉvG`wkK cwilG`i wbeÆvPb AbywÓ¤Z `j cvwKÕ¦vb gymwjg jxGMi civRGq bvbvwea KviY we`Ågvb|

nq| wbeÆvPGb ÞgZvmxb `Gji civRq NGU| weRqx nq 4wU ˆhvMÅ ˆbZ‡GZ½i Afvemn wewf®² ivR‹bwZK, A^Æ‹bwZK,
AvgjvG`i ˆ`ŒivñÅ I AMYZvw¯¨K KvhKÆ jvGci KviGY 1954
`j wgGj ŠZix nIqv ‰KwU wbeÆvPbx ˆRvU| wbeÆvPGbi cƒGeÆ mvGji wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxM civwRZ nq| cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i ci
ˆK±`ÊxqfvGe gymwjg jxM miKvi ‰KK AvwacGZÅi gvaÅGg
Zviv 21 `dv evÕ¦evqGbi cÉwZkÉ‚wZ ˆ`b| RbMb ZvG`i wecyj wbq¯¨Y eRvq ivLGZ PvBGjI cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMY Zv ˆgGb
ˆbqwb| wR®v² ni g†ZÅz i ci ˆhvMÅ ivR‹bwZK ˆbZG‡ Z½i kƒbÅZv
ˆfvGU Rqx KGib| wkLbdj-4 m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es `ybÆxwZi KviGY miKvGii A^Æ‹bwZK ˆgi‚`í
ˆfGO hvq| ‰me KviGY 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPGb RbMY gymwjg
K. cÉ^g knx` wgbvi ŠZwi nq KLb? 1 jxMGK cÉZÅvLÅvb KGi|

L. AvBqye LvGbi mvsÕ•‡wZK AvMÉvmb mÁ·GKÆ wjL| 2 ‰ wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxGMi weiG‚ «¬ gaÅ, evg I Bmjvgc¯©x
ivR‹bwZK `jmgƒGni HKÅGRvGU MwVZ nIqv hÚy dÌG´Ÿi
M. DóxcGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆKvb wbeÆvPGbi K^v ejv AvKvkPzÁ¼x RbwcÉqZvI gymwjg jxGMi civRGqi AbÅZg
KviY| hyÚdÌG´Ÿi 21 `dv wbeÆvPwb BkGZnvi wQj cƒeÆ evsjvi
nGqGQ@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 MYgvbyGli AwaKvGii `wjj| ‰GZ A¯¦fzÆÚ welqàGjv wQj
LyeB cÉvmwãK I cÉGqvRbxq| ‰RbÅ msLÅvMwiÓ¤ cƒeÆ evsjvi
N. DóxcGKi wbeÆvPGb ÞgZvmxb `Gji civRGqi KviY RbMY 21 `dvi cÉwZ cƒYÆ mg^Æb RvwbGq DÚ wbeÆvPGb gymwjg
jxMGK cÉZÅvLÅvb KGi| KvhÆZ 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPGbi
eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 gvaÅGgB cvwKÕ¦vb gymwjg jxGMi Š`bÅ`kv dzGU IGV ‰es
AwPGiB mvÁ·ÉwZK AZxGZi cÉZvckvjx ‰ `jwU eüavwefÚ
12bs cÉGk²i Dîi nGq cGo| myZivs DchyÆÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, ÞgZv
AuvKGo ^vKvi ˆbkv I ˆhvMÅ ˆbZG‡ Z½i Afvemn bvbvwea
K cÉ^g knx` wgbvi ŠZwi nq 1952 mvGji 28 ˆdeË‚qvwi| RbweGivax KvhKÆ jvGci KviGY 1954 mvGji cÉvG`wkK
wbeÆvPGb ÞgZvmxb gymwjg jxGMi Pig fivWzwe NGUwQj|
L hLb ‰KwU msÕ•‡wZ AbÅ AvGiKwU msÕ•‡wZi Ici
cÉfveK wnGmGe ˆPGc eGm ev ˆRvi KGi PvwcGq ˆ`qvi ˆPÓ¡v
Kiv nq, ZLb ZvGK mvsÕ•‡wZK AvMÉvmb ejv nq|

fvlv nGjv msÕ•‡wZi ‰KwU ˆgŒwjK Dcv`vb| wK¯§ 1958
mvGj AvBqye Lvb KZ‡ÆK MwVZ ‘kixd wkÞv Kwgkb’
wkÞvGÞGò lÓ¤ ˆ^GK wWwMÉ chƯ¦ BsGiwR fvlvGK evaÅZvgƒjK
KGi ‰es D`yÆGK meÆRbxb fvlvq i…cv¯¦Gii mycvwik KGi|
‰Qvov evsjv I D`yÆi RbÅ Awf®² eYÆgvjv D«¿veGbi cÉÕ¦ve
KGi| ‰ mgÕ¦ Aev¯¦i I AGhŒwÚK cÉÕ¦veàGjv wQj gƒjZ
KzPKÌx AvBqye LvGbi mvsÕ•‡wZK AvMÉvmGbi bvgv¯¦i|

M DóxcGK 1954 mvGji hÚy dÌ´Ÿ wbeÆvPGbi BwãZ iGqGQ|

1954 mvGji wbeÆvPb evsjvi Õ¼vZ¯¨ÅGevGai ˆÞGò ‰KwU `†Ó¡v¯¦
Õ©vcbKvix NUbv| ‰wU cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMYGK cƒYÆ Õ¼vqîkvmb
I bÅvhÅ AwaKvi Av`vGq HKÅe«¬ KGi ˆZvGj|

cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK evsjvG`k (1947-1971) 11

cÉk² 13 kwg ˆUwjwfkGb ‰KwU cÉvgvYÅ wPGò ˆ`LGZ ˆcGjv, RvZxqZvev`x ˆPZbvGK mymsMwVZ KGi ‰KwU Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡Ç MVb
KiGZ wMGq eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb evievi ˆMÉdZvi,
‰KwU ˆ`Gki R¯ÃjG™²B KxfvGe gvGqi fvlvi ghÆv`v iÞvi wbhÆvZb I wbcxoGbi wkKvi nGqwQGjb| 1966 mvGji 5-6
ˆdeË‚qvwi jvGnvGi AbywÓ¤Z weGivax `jàGjvi mGÁÃjGb eãe®¬y
RbÅ QvòmgvR eyGKi iÚ ˆXGj w`Gjv| ˆm mgq cici ˆkL gywReyi ingvb HwZnvwmK ‘Qq`dv KgÆmƒwP’ ˆNvlYv KGib
hv wQj evOvwj RvwZi gywÚi `vwe| Qq `dvGK bmÅvr Kivi
`y’eQGii gGaÅB KxfvGe ‰KwU bZzb QvòmsMVb ‰es ‰KwU RbÅ AvBqye miKvi 1968 mvGji RvbyqvwiGZ eãe®¬yGK
cÉavb Avmvwg KGi AvMiZjv gvgjv `vGqi KGi| Qq`dvi ci
weGivax ivR‹bwZK msMVb MGo DVGjv| ˆm mgGqi eãe®¬yi ˆbZG‡ Z½ 1970 mvGji wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxMGK
nvivGbv, 1971 mvGji 7 gvGPÆi fvlY evOvwj RvwZi RbÅ
cÉwZwKÌqvkxj ÞgZvmxb miKvGii AbÅvq-AwePvi, `ybÆxwZ I gywÚi evZÆv eGq ‰GbwQj|

`ytkvmGbi wei‚G«¬ ‰KRb ˆbZv KxfvGe Zvi ˆ`Gki RbMYGK DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆbZvI msMÉvgx, wbfÆxK I AvGcvknxb wQGjb
‰es wZwb ‰KwU `vwebvgv ˆck KGib, hv gywÚmb` bvGg
msMwVZ KiGZ wMGq evievi wbhÆvZb-wbcxoGbi wkKvi nGœQb, cwiwPZ nGqwQj|

KviveiY KiGQb| ‰B msMÉvgx, wbfÆxK I Avcmnxb ˆbZv myZivs DcGii AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejGZ cvwi ˆh, DóxcGK
DwÍÏwLZ ˆbZvi mvG^ RvwZi RbK eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
AeGkGl ‰gb ‰K KgÆmƒwP ev `vwebvgv ˆNvlYv KiGjb hv ingvGbi AGbK wgj iGqGQ|

AwPGi ˆm RvwZi ‘gywÚmb`’ ev gÅvMbvKvUÆv eGj AwfwnZ nq N DóxcGK ewYÆZ `vwe ev KgÆmƒwPi gGZv Avgvi cvVÅeBGq
AvGjvwPZ 1966 mvGji ‘Qq`dv’ ˆK evOvwji gywÚ mb` ev
‰es RbMGYi wbKU mgv`†Z nq| ‰ Avcmnxb ˆbZv gÅvMbvKvUÆv ejv nq|

ˆmbvevwnbxi nvGZ e±`x nevi cƒGeÆB gvZ‡f„wgi Õ¼vaxbZv ˆNvlYv Qq `dv `vwe wQj gƒjZ cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmGbi `vwe ‰es
mgMÉ evsjvi RbMGYi cÉvGYi `vwe| eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
KGib| Zvi Õ¼vaxbZvi ˆmB ˆNvlYvq D«¼y«¬ nGqB H RvwZ ingvb ‰UvGK evOvwji ˆeuGP ^vKvi `vwe (Demand for the
survival of the Bengalis) eGj eYÆbv KGiGQb| Z`vbx¯¦b cƒeÆ
mkÕ¨ hyG«¬i gvaÅGg Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb KGi|  wkLbdj: 8 cvwKÕ¦vGbi AwaKvsk wk͸, KjKviLvbv, eÅvsK, wegv cÉf†wZ
cwøg cvwKÕ¦vwb cwuy RcwZiv ‰KGPwUqv wbq¯¨Y KiZ| ˆ`Gki
K. fvlv kwn`G`i bvg ˆjL| 1 mgy`q mÁ·` 22wU cwievGii gGaÅ KzwÞMZ wQj| AvIqvgx
jxGMi Qq `dv `vwe wQj ‰B A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©viB ‰KwU
L. 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPGbi cÉvØvGj MwVZ ‘hyÚdÌ´Ÿ’ h^v^Æ eYÆbv| RbMGYi gGaÅ RvZxqZvevG`i aviYvi DG®Âl
NUvi ˆÞGò Qq `dvi ài‚Z½ wQj Acwimxg| ‰i ài‚Z½ mÁ·GKÆ
mÁ·GKÆ Kx Rvb? 2 eãe®¬y wbGRB eGjGQb ˆh, “Qq `dv evsjvi K‡lK-kËwgK-
gRyi-gaÅweî Z^v Avcvgi gvbyGli gywÚi mb` ‰es MÉvg
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ wbfÆxK, Avcmnxb msMÉvgx ˆbZvi evsjvi Õ¼vwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vi MÅvivw´Ÿ| ‰Uv ˆkvlGKi nvZ nGZ
ˆkvwlGZi A^Æ‹bwZK, mvgvwRK I ivR‹bwZK AwaKvi wQwbGq
mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅeBGqi ˆKvGbv ˆbZvi gGaÅ ˆKvb Avbvi nvwZqvi, ‰Uv gymwjg-wn±`-y wLËÓ¡vb-ˆeŒ«¬G`i wbGq
MwVZ evOvwj RvwZi Õ¼Kxq gwngvi AvZÄcÉKvk I
ˆKvb ˆÞGò mv`†kÅ LyuGR cvI Zv eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 AvZÄwbfÆikxjZv ARÆGbi PvweKvwV|” ‰B KgÆmƒwP evsjvi
K‡lK, gRyi, kÉwgK, gaÅweî Z^v Avcvgi RbmvaviGYi gywÚi
N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ `vwe ev KgÆmƒwPi gGZv ˆZvgvi mb` ‰es evsjvi AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vi wbwøZ c`GÞc| ‰i gGaÅ
cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Õ¼vqîkvmb cÉwZÓ¤v ‰es Õ¼vaxbZv AvG±`vjGbi
cvVÅeBGqi AvGjvwPZ ˆKvb `vwe ev KgÆmƒwPGK exR wbwnZ wQj| Qq`dv AvG±`vjb wQj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ
gÅvMbvKvUÆv Õ¼i…c| weËwUk MYZG¯¨i mdjZvi BwZnvGm
‘evOvwji gywÚmb` ev gÅvMbvKvUÆv’ ejv nq? weGkÏlY gÅvMbvKvUÆv ˆhgb evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZvi gƒGj ‘Qq`dv’ wQj
ˆZgb|
Ki| 4

13bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K 1952 mvGji fvlv AvG±`vjGbi fvlv kwn`G`i bvg
nGjv@ iwdK, eiKZ, Re»vi, mvjvg, kwdDi, mvjvDwób I
AwnDÍÏvn|

L 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPbGK mvgGb ˆiGL ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK.
dRjyj nK, ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx ‰es gvIjvbv Ave`jy
nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx 1953 mvGji 4 wWGmÁ¼i hyÚdÌ´Ÿ MVb
KGib|

gnvb ‰KzGk ˆdeË‚qvwii ÕÆwZGK AÁÏvb KGi ivLvi RbÅ
hyÚdÌG´Ÿi wbeÆvPwb KgÆmƒwP 21wU `dvq webÅÕ¦ Kiv nq|
hyÚdÌG´Ÿi wbeÆvPwb cÉZxK wQj ‘ˆbŒKv’ ‰es gymwjg jxM I
cvwKÕ¦vGbi AvwacZÅ ‰ `yGqi weGivwaZv wQj hÚy dÌG´Ÿi gƒj
wfwî|

M DóxcGK ewYÆZ wbfÆxK, Avclnxb msMÉvgx ˆbZvi mvG^
Avgvi cvVÅeBGqi ˆbZvG`i gGaÅ RvwZi RbK eãe®¬y ˆkL
gywReyi ingvGbi mvG^ wgj cvB|

1947 mvGji cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i ci ˆ^GKB cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMGYi
Ici ÷i‚ nq cwøg cvwKÕ¦vwbG`i ˆkvlY I wbhÆvZb| evOvwj

12 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cÉk² 14 wg÷ I Zvi e®¬yiv dzGji ˆZvov I cyÓ·Õ¦eK wbGq 26 ˆdeË‚qvwi eZÆgvb kwn` wgbvGii DG«¼vab KGib ‘Š`wbK
mvwie«¬fvGe ‰wMGq hvGœQ| jÞÅ nGœQ, kwn`G`i kÉ«¬v AvRv`’ mÁ·v`K Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmywób|

ævcGbi RbÅ Õ¦‡wZÕ¦GÁ¿ Zv AcÆY Kiv| mKGj MvBGQ, ‘Avgvi N ÕÆwZÕ¦GÁ¿i KvGQ whwb eÚ‡Zv w`wœQGjb Zvi eÚeÅ wQj
fvBGqi iGÚ ivOvGbv....’ MvbwU| ÕÆwZÕ¦GÁ¿i A`ƒGi ‰KwU “Avgvi fvBGqi iGÚ ivOvGbv” MvbwU wbQK ‰KwU Mvb bq,
AvGjvPbv mfv PjwQj| ˆmLvGb ‰KRb eÚvi K¥¤ ˆ^GK ˆfGm ‰wU ‰KwU ˆPZbv, AvG±`vjGbi cÉZxK| ‰B ˆPZbvB R¯Ã
AvmGQ, “Avgvi fvBGqi iGÚ ivOvGbv’ MvbwU wbQK ‰KwU Mvb w`GqGQ 66-‰i Qq`dv, 69-‰i MYAfzÅïvb| Zvi ‰ eÚeÅwU
bq, ‰wU ‰KwU ˆPZbv, AvG±`vjGbi cÉZxK| ‰B ˆPZbvB R¯Ã h^v^Æ eGj Avwg gGb Kwi|
w`GqGQ ˆQlwëi Qq `dv, EbmîGii MYAfzÅïvb|”  wkLbdj: 3 gnvb fvlv AvG±`vjb evOvwji RvZxq RxeGb ‰K iÚvÚ,

K. cvwKÕ¦vb gymwjg jxGMi ceƒ Æbvg Kx wQj? 1 ˆMŒiegq I ZvrchÆcYƒ Æ NUbv| evsjv fvlvGK ghvÆ `v w`GZ wMGq

L. gywÚhGy «¬ AvIqvgx jxGMi f„wgKv AvGjvPbv Ki| 2 eyGKi ZvRv iÚ ˆXGj w`GqwQj, iwdK, mvjvg, eiKZ, Re»vi,
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ÕÆwZÕ¦Á¿ wbgÆvGYi cUf„wg msGÞGc kwdDimn AvGiv AGbGK| ZvG`i iGÚ k†›Ljv gyÚ nGqwQj
ˆjL| 3 `ytwLbx eYÆgvjv, gvGqi fvlv| ‰B AvG±`vjGbi dGj
N. ÕÆwZÕ¦GÁ¿i KvGQ whwb eÚZ‡ v w`wœQGjb, Zvi eÚGeÅi mvÁ·É`vwqKZv ˆ^GK ˆewiGq fvlvi wfwîGZ ‰K RvwZmîvi
h^v^ÆZv weGkÏlY Ki| 4 cwiPGq cwiwPZ nq| 1952 mvGji gnvb fvlv AvG±`vjGbi
14bs cÉGk²i Dîi
gaÅ w`Gq AwaKvi mÁ·GKÆ evOvwj RvZxqZvGevGa RvMÉZ nGq

K cvwKÕ¦vb gymwjg jxGMi cƒeÆ bvg wQj ‘meÆfviZxq gymwjg DGVwQj hvi dGj 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPGb ‰i cÉwZdjb NGU|
jxM’| 1962 mvGj wkÞv AvG±`vjb, HwZnvwmK Qq `dv I 11 `dv
msMÉvg, AvMiZjv gvgjvweGivax AvG±`vjb, EbmîGii
L evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ msMwVZ gnvb gywÚhGy «¬ MYAfzÅïvb, mîGii wbeÆvPGb RbZvi ivq, ‰KvîGii
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gywRebMi miKvi MVb, gywÚh«y ¬ cwiPvjbv, ewnweÆGk¼ cÉPvi, evOvwji Õ¼vwaKvi msMÉvg| Õ¼vwaKvGii `vwe i…cv¯¦wiZ nq
fviGZi AvkÉq I mg^Æb jvf, Õ¼vaxb evsjv ˆeZvi ˆK±`Ê MVb Õ¼vaxbZvi msMÉvGg| gnvb fvlv AvG±`vjb gvZ‡fvlvi ghvÆ `v
I cwiPvjbv, hey cÉwkÞY ˆK±`Ê Õ©vcb I ˆUÇwbs cÉ`vb gnvb iÞvi RbÅ mƒwPZ nGjI ‰i gƒj ˆPZbvwU wQj AvñghÆv`vGeva
gywÚhGy «¬ AvIqvgxjxM cÉZÅÞ fvGe ‰me f„wgKv cvjb I Avcb AwaKvi| ˆkvK wenejZv, ˆe`bv Avi AvñZÅvGMi
KGiwQj| AnsKvGi ˆ``xcÅgvb| fvlv AvG±`vjGbi ˆmB kc^ hyGM hGy M
evOvwjG`i AvGjvKewZÆKvi gGZv c^ ˆ`Lvq| ‰LGbv RvwZi ˆh
M DóxcGK ewYÆZ ÕÆwZÕ¦Á¿ wbgÆvGYi cUf„wg nGjv 1952 ˆKvGbv msKUKvGj fvlv AvG±`vjb AvgvG`i ˆcÉiYv ˆRvMvq|
mvGji fvlv AvG±`vjb| ‰Kzk ‰KwU w`b bq, ‰KwU ˆPZbv, ‰Kzk AvgvG`i gbGbi
cwøg cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKGMvÓ¤x evOvwj RvwZGK a»sm Kivi cÉ^g evwZNi| ‰fvGeB bq gvmeÅvcx iÚÞqx gywÚhGy «¬i gaÅw`Gq
c`GÞc wnGmGe evOvwji fvlv I msÕ•‡wZGK a»sm Kivi PKÌv¯¦ AwRÆZ nq evOvwji nvRvi eQGii meÆGkÉÓ¤ ARÆb Õ¼vaxbZv|
KGi| evsjv msLÅvMwiGÓ¤i fvlv nGjI Zviv D`yÆGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi
ivÓ¡Çfvlv wnGmGe ˆNvlYv KiGj cƒeÆ evsjvi QvòmgvR Zzgyj DchyÆÚ AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, cÉGk²vwÍÏwLZ g¯¦eÅwU
cÉwZev` AvG±`vjb MGo ZzGj| h^v^Æ|
1948 mvGj ZrKvjxb cvwKÕ¦vGbi MfbiÆ ˆRbvGij ˆgvnvÁÃ`
Avjx wR®v² n ‰Kgvò D`yÆGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ìfvlv Kivi ˆNvlYv cÉk² 15 wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI :

w`Gj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi QvòmgvR ‰i ZxeË cÉwZev` Rvbvq|
QvòmgvGRi mvG^ cƒeÆevsjvi mKj ˆkÉwYi gvbyl ‰KvñZv

ˆNvlYv KGi| ‰iB avivevwnKZvq 1952 mvGji 21 ˆdeË‚qvwi

ivÓ¡Ìfvlv evsjvi `vweGZ ˆ`keÅvcx mvaviY agÆNU ‰es

ivÓ¡Ìfvlv w`em cvjb Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ M†nxZ nq| wK¯§ ZrKvjxb

cvwKÕ¦vb miKvi Hw`b 144 aviv Rvwi KGi|

QvòmgvR I RbZv 144 aviv fã KGi wgwQj ˆei KGi|

wbGlavæv AgvbÅ KGi wgwQj ˆei KiGj cywjGki mvG^ Qvò- K. Qq `dv KgmÆ ƒwP Kx?  wkLbdj: 14
RbZvi ‰K gvivñK msNlÆ evGa| ‰KchÆvGq cywjk wgwQGji
1
Ici àwj PvjvGj mvjvg, eiKZ, iwdK, Re»vimn AGbGK L. Qq `dvi A¯¦fzÆÚ `dvàGjv DGÍÏL KGiv|
cÉvY nvivb ‰es AvnZ nb eümsLÅK eÅwÚ| fvlv AvG±`vjGbi 2
kwn` ÕÆwZGK AÁÏvb KGi ivLvi RbÅ ˆgwWGKj KGjR ˆnvGÕ¡j
cÉvãGY ivZvivwZ Qvòiv kwn` wgbvi wbgÆvY KGi hv 23 M. `†kÅgvb wPòwU KxfvGe gnvb gywÚhGy «¬i mvG^
ˆdeË‚qvwi kwn` kwdDi ingvGbi wcZv DG«¼vab KGib| 24
ˆdeË‚qvwi cywjk kwn` wgbviwU ˆfGO ˆdGj| AvbyÓ¤vwbKfvGe mÁ·†Ú? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3

N. gywÚh«y ¬ I P„ov¯¦ weRGq `†kÅgvb wPòwUi ZvrchÆ gƒj

cvGVi AvGjvGK ZyGj aGiv| 4

cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK evsjvG`k (1947-1971) 13

15bs cÉGk²i Dîi ‘NGi NGi `yMÆ MGo ˆZvj, ˆZvgvG`i hvi hv wKQy AvGQ ZvB
wbGq kò‚i ˆgvKvwejv KiGZ nGe| iÚ hLb w`GqwQ iÚ AviI
K eãe®¬y ˆkL gywRGei 6 `dv KgÆmƒwP evOvwji RvZxq ˆ`e, ˆ`kGK gyÚ KGi QvoGev BbkvÍÏvn| ‰evGii msMÉvg
gywÚi mb` ev gÅvMbv KvUÆv| AvgvG`i gywÚi msMÉvg, ‰evGii msMÉvg Õ¼vaxbZvi msMÉvg|’
eãe®¬yi ‰B fvlGYi dGj AmnGhvM AvG±`vjb ZxeË AvKvi
L 1966 mvGj eãe®¬y jvGnvGi wbGÁ²vÚ `vwemgnƒ Dïvcb aviY KGi| Õ•zj, KGjR, wek¼we`Åvjq, eÅvsK-wegv BZÅvw`
KGib hv Qq`dv bvGg cwiwPZ| `dvàGjv nGjv me e®¬ nGq hvq| Õ¼vaxbZvi ˆkÏvMvGb Pviw`K gyLi nGq IGV|
1. miKvGii cÉK‡wZ nGe msm`xq I hyÚivÓ¡Ìxq, AãivRÅàGjvi ZvB ejv hvq, 7B gvGPÆi fvlGY eãe®¬y evsjvG`Gki
Õ¼vaxbZvB ˆNvlYv KGib|
wbeÆvPb nGe mveÆRbxb ˆfvUvwaKvGii wfwîGZ|
2. hyÚivÓ¡Ìxq miKvGii nvGZ ^vKGe ˆ`k iÞv I ciivÓ¡Ì N gywÚh«y ¬ I P„ov¯¦ weRq `†kÅgvb wPò A^Ævr HwZnvwmK 7
gvGPÆi ZvrchÆ gƒj cvGVi AvGjvGK ZyGj aiv nGjv@
welq|
3. ˆ`Gki `y’AçGji gGaÅ c†^K wewbgq gy`Ëv ^vKGe hv eãe®¬yi 7B gvGPÆi fvlY evOvwj RvwZi ivR‹bwZK BwZnvGm
‰K AbbÅ `wjj nGq AvGQ| ‰B fvlY nGjv meÆKvGji
ˆdWvGij wiRvfÆ eÅvsK wbq¯¨Y KiGe| meÆGkÉÓ¤ fvlY| eãe®¬yi Õ¼vaxbZvi ˆNvlYv cvIqvi ciB cƒeÆ
4. ivRÕ¼ bxwZ I Ki avGhÆi ÞgZv AãivGRÅi nvGZ ^vKGe| evsjvi RbMGYi mvgGb ‰KwU M¯¦eÅ wbaÆvwiZ nGq hvq,
ZvnGjv Õ¼vaxbZv| 25 gvPÆ ivGZ wbiÕ¨ evOvwjG`i Ici
ciivÓ¡Ì I ˆ`k iÞvi cÉGqvRbxq ivRÕ¼ ˆK±`Êxq miKvi cvwKÕ¦vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx wbweÆPvi AvKÌgGY SuvwcGq coGj
cvGe| gaÅivGZi wKQy ci A^Ævr 26 gvGPÆi cÉ^g cÉnGi eãe®¬y ˆkL
5. ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëvi Ici AãivGRÅi wbq¯¨Y ^vKGe| ŠeG`wkK gywReyi ingvb mivmwi evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZvi ˆNvlYv KGib|
mvnvhÅ I AvGjvPbvq AãivGRÅi A¯¦fyÆwÚ ^vKGe| eãe®¬yi ‰B ˆNvlYv cÉPvwiZ nevi ciciB evsjvi Avcvgi
6. KvhKÆ i RvZxq wbivcîv iÞvq AãivRÅàGjvGK wgwjwkqv RbMY gywÚhyG«¬ SuvwcGq cGo| eãe®¬yi ˆbZG‡ Z½ 1971
ev cÅviv wgwjwkqv MVGbi ÞgZv ^vKGZ nGe| mvGji 10 ‰wcÉj gywRebMi miKvi MVb Kiv nq| kc^ evKÅ
cvV Kivb AvIqvgx jxM ˆbZv AaÅvcK BDmyd Avjx|
M `†kÅgvb wPGò jÞ KiGj ˆ`Lv hvq, eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReiy gywÚh«y ¬GK myÓ¤z I my±`ifvGe cwiPvjbvi RbÅ mviv
ingvb eÚ‡ZviZ AeÕ©vq AvGQb ‰es mvgGb nvRvi nvRvi evsjvG`kGK 11wU ˆmÙGi fvM Kiv nq| ˆgRi wRqvDi
ˆjvKRb DcweÓ¡ iGqGQ| ingvb, ˆgRi LvGj` ˆgvkvid ‰es ˆgRi ‰GK‰g kwdDÍÏvn
`†kÅgvb wPòwU HwZnvwmK 7 gvGPÆi fvlY ‰es ‰B fvlGYi cÉGZÅGKB ‰K, `yB I wZb bs ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi ‰es ˆRW, ˆK I
mvG^ gywÚhGy «¬i mÁ·†ÚZvi K^v ejv nGqGQ| wbGÁ² ‰B ‰g ˆdvmÆ ‰i cÉavb wQGjb| cvwKÕ¦vwb `Lj`vi evwnbx evOvwj
fvlGYi mswÞµ¦ AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@ RvwZGK wbwøn× KGi ˆ`Iqvi DGóGkÅ ˆh h«y ¬ ÷i‚ KGiwQj
1971 mvGji 7 gvPÆGK evOvwji RvZxq RxeGb ‰K HwZnvwmK ZvGZ evOvwjivI wcQy nGUwb| eis Reve ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ cÉÕ¦yZB
w`b ejv nq| KviY ‰ w`Gb `k jÞvwaK RbZvi Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ wQj| hw`I ‰ ˆ`Gki wòk jvL kwn` I 2 jvL gv ˆevGbi
‰K gnvmgvGeGk eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb RvwZi DGóGk cweò mÁÀg ‰es ‰K mvMi iGÚi wewbgGq AwRÆZ nq P„ov¯¦
‰K ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ fvlY ˆ`b| ‰ fvlYB HwZnvwmK 7 gvGPÆi fvlY weRq| ‰RbÅB ejv hvq ˆh, gywÚh«y ¬ I P„ov¯¦ weRq `†kÅgvb
bvGg LÅvZ| 7 gvPÆ ˆimGKvmÆ gq`vGb Dîvj RbmgGy `Ë eãe®¬y wPò A^Ævr HwZnvwmK 7 gvGPÆi ZvrchÆ AbÕ¼xKvh|Æ evOvwj
ˆkL gywReyi ingvb ‰Gjb cÉZÅq`xµ¦ AwePj c`GÞGci RvwZ mvivRxeb Zv k«É ¬vi mvG^ ÕÃiY KiGe|
wbG`Ækbv w`GZ ‰es RbMYGK Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ mkÕ¨ msMÉvGgi
Avn»vb RvbvGZ| fvlGYi mgqmxgv wQj 18 wgwbU|
cvwKÕ¦vGbi 23 eQGii ivRbxwZ I evOvwjG`i eçbvi
BwZnvm, AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGbi cUf„wg BZÅvw` weÕ¦vwiZ
KgÆmƒwP ˆNvlYv KiGjb| wZwb eRËKG¥¤ ˆNvlYv KiGjb@

m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK K. cjvkxi hy«¬ KLb msNwUZ nq? 1

 Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² L. eãfGãi dGj gymjgvbG`i cÉwZwKÌqv Kx nGqwQj?2

cÉk²16 KzwgÍÏv ˆRjvi K‡wZ m¯¦vb Rbve ‘K’ ‰K AvGjvPbvq M. DóxcGK AvGjvwPZ NUbvi mvG^ cvVÅeBGqi ˆh
ˆ`k wefvGMi evÕ¦e welqàGjv RbMGYi mvgGb ZzGj
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Õ¼vqîkvmb| meÆGkGl wZwb `vwemgƒn evÕ¦evqGb msNwUZ
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wkLbdj-7 [KÅv´ŸbGg´Ÿ cvewjK Õ•zj I KGjR, iscyi]

Z‡Zxq AaÅvq

ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½: evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv jvf

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGkv² îi

cÉk² 1 Rbve ingZ Avjx nReZË cvjb ˆkGl ˆ`Gk wdGi nb| Bmjvg agÆGK KzmmsÕ•vi gyÚ Kivi `xÞv wbGq wZwb

‰Gm mvgvwRK KzmsÕ•vGii wei‚G«¬ AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ KGib| wZwb cybivq ˆ`Gk wdGi AvGmb| ˆ`Gk wdGi wZwb gymjgvb mgvR

K‡lKG`iGK Rwg`vi I gnvRbG`i AbÅvGqi weiG‚ «¬ mGPZb ˆ^GK RvZ-cvZ cÉ^v DGœQ`, AwfRvZ-AbwfRvZ ˆkÉwYi
weGjvc NwUGq cxi cƒRv, Kei cƒRv, cÉf‡wZ KzmsÕ•vi `ƒi
KGi ˆZvGjb| miKvi ZvGK ˆ`kG`Ëvnx wnGmGe ˆNvlYv ˆ`q
Kivi ˆRvi ˆPÓ¡v Pvjvb| ZvQvov wZwb eySGZ ˆcGiwQGjb
‰es ZvGK cÉwZnZ Kivi DG`ÅvM ˆbq| wZwb Õ¼G`kGcÉGg D«¼y«¬
aGgÆi cvkvcvwk mvaviY gvbylGK AwaKvi mGPZb KGi ˆZvjv
nGq AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ cÉwZGiva MGo ˆZvGjb|
`iKvi| ‰ DGóGkÅ wZwb weG`wk kvmb-ˆkvlY ‰es Rwg`vi,
 wkLbdj: 1 [Xv. ˆev. 2016]
ˆRvZ`vi, gnvRbG`i AZÅvPvGii wei‚G«¬ ‰es bxjKiG`i
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cwiGkGl ejv hvq, DóxcGKi Rbve ingZ Avjxi KvhKÆ ÌGgi
RbGbZv ejv nq ˆKb? 2 mvG^ DcgnvG`Gki AbÅZg msÕ•viK nvRx kixqZzÍÏvni
KgÆKvGíi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ ‰Uv myÕ·Ó¡|
M. Rbve ingZ Avjxi KvhKÆ ÌGgi mvG^ DcgnvG`Gki
N nvRx kixqZzÍÏvnB cÉ^g eÅwÚ whwb AZÅvPvix Rwg`vi I
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AbyGcÉiYv hywMGqGQ’ hywÚmn ˆjL| KGi| nvRx kixqZzÍÏvn divGqwR AvG±`vjb cwiPvjbv KGib|
1bs cÉGk²i Dîi wZwb gymjgvb mgvR ˆ^GK KzmsÕ•vivœQ®² I nZvkvœQ®²
cwiGek `ƒi Kivi RbÅ BmjvGgi diR üKzg cvjGbi RbÅ
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I mgvR msÕ•vigjƒ K AvG±`vjb cieZÆxGZ ivR‹bwZK i…c
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Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx wQGjb ‰K R¾vjvgqx K¥¤| wZwb ˆkvwlZ wbcxwoZ gvbyGli cGÞ| agÆxq msÕ•vGii cvkvcvwk
meÆ`vB mvGgÅi K^v eGjGQb| K‡lK-kÉwgGKi gywÚ I K‡lKG`i Rwg`vi, bxjKiG`i AZÅvPvi I ˆkvlY ˆ^GK gyÚ
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AeZxYÆ nb| 1969 mvGji MYAfzÅïvGb Zvi myGhvMÅ ˆbZG‡ Z½i cÉPvi KiGZ ^vGKb, ‘jvOj hvi Rwg Zvi’ ‰es ‰B Rwgb
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msMÉvg ˆcwiGq Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gk g†ZzÅi cƒeÆ gynƒZÆ chƯ¦ mnGhvMx wn±`y Rwg`viGK ˆKvGbv LvRbv ˆ`Iqv hvGe bv|
ivRbxwZGZ ‰KwU Õ¼Z¯¨ aviv Z^v RbMYwfwîK ivR‹bwZK ‰Qvov wZwb miKvwi LvmgnjàGjv `LGj ‰Gb Mwie K‡lKG`i
aviv m†wÓ¡ KiGZ mÞg nGqwQGjb| ˆkvwlZ I wbcxwoZ gGaÅ weZiY KGib| ‰fvGeB evsjvi wbhÆvwZZ K‡lKMYGK
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gRjyg RbGbZv ejv nq| cGo| weG`wk kvmb-ˆkvlY ‰es Rwg`vi, ˆRvZ`vi,
gnvRbG`i AZÅvPvGii wei‚G«¬ cÉwZev` MGo ˆZvjvi RbÅ nvRx
M DóxcGKi Rbve ingZ Avjxi KvhÆKÌGgi mvG^ kixqZzÍÏvn kvmK ˆkÉwYi ˆivlvbGj cGob| nvRx kixqZzÍÏvni
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mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| wbGP welqwU eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv- gywÚhGy «¬ AbyGcÉiYv hywMGqGQ|
nvRx kixqZzÍÏvn gvò 18 eQi eqGm gØv Mgb KGib| ˆhLvGb
cÉvq 20 eQi Bmjvg kvGÕ¨i Mfxi ævb ARÆb KGi ˆ`Gk wdGi
AvGmb| ˆ`Gk ˆdivi ci fícxi, dwKiG`i AcZrciZv
ZvGK MfxifvGe eÅw^Z KGi| aGgÆi bvGg ‰me KzcPÉ viYv
eG®¬i RbÅ wZwb AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ KGib| wZwb cybivq gØvq hvb
‰es Avõjy Inve bvgK ‰K agÆ msÕ•viGKi msÕ·GkÆ
AvGmb| ‰LvGb wZwb Invex AvG±`vjGbi Av`GkÆ AbycÉvwYZ

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cÉk² 2 Rwg`vi I gnvRbG`i «¼viv K‡lKG`i ˆkvlY I DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nGKi ÷aygvò
K‡wlGÞGò Ae`vGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ| wZwb K‡wlGÞò QvovI
AZÅvPvi ˆ`GL Rbve Aveyj ˆnvGmb eÅw^Z nb ‰es AvGiv bvbv w`GK Ae`vb ˆiGLGQb| ˆhgb- 1906 mvGj XvKvq
AbywÓ¤Z meÆfviZxq wkÞv mGÁÃjGbi AbÅZg DG`ÅvMx eÅwÚ
ivRbxwZGZ ˆhvM ˆ`b| Zvi Av¯¦wiK cÉGPÓ¡vq K‡wlFY AvBb, wQGjb ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nK| ‰ mGÁÃjGb wZwb
AvaywbK cvøvZÅ wkÞvi Dci ài‚Z½vGivc KGib| wZwb 1912
gnvRbx I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb cvm nq| dGj K‡lKG`i mvgvwRK, mvGj KjKvZvq gymwjg wkÞv mwgwZ MVb KGib ‰es 1913
mvGj wkÞvGK MYgyLx Kivi jGÞÅ eãxq AvBb cwilG` wkÞv
ivR‹bwZK I A^Æ‹bwZK ˆÞGò BwZevPK cwieZÆb AvGm| cwiK͸bv ˆck KGib| ‰QvovI XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v,
bvixwkÞv I wewf®² KGjR cÉwZÓ¤vi wcQGb RwoZ wQGjb ˆkGi
 wkLbdj: 6 [h. ˆev. 2016] evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK| evOvwj RvZxqZvevG`i AMÉ`ƒZ
dRjyj nK ‰KRb LvuwU evOvwj ˆbZv wQGjb| wZwb memgq
K. gRjyg RbGbZv ˆK wQGjb? 1 evOvwji `vwe-`vIqv Av`vGqi ‰es mvwnZÅ-msÕ•‡wZGK iÞv
Kivi RbÅ ˆmvœPvi wQGjb| mGevcÆ wi ivR‹bwZK ˆÞGòI
L. Š«¼Zkvmb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 dRjyj nGKi Ae`vb LyeB ZvrchÆgw´£Z| wZwb wQGjb ‰KRb
AmvÁ·Ë`vwqK ˆbZv| ZvBGZv 1916 mvGji wn±`-y gymwjgG`i
M. DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ Rbve Aveyj ˆnvGmGbi mvG^ ˆKvb Õ¼vG^Æ ‘jGÞ°Œ PzwÚ’ mÁ·v`Gb f„wgKv ivGLb| AwefÚ evsjvi
gyLÅg¯¨x ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK fviGZi Dîi cwøg I
ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚGZ½i KgÆKvGíi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ? cƒevÆçGj msLÅvMwiÓ¤ gymjgvb ‰jvKv wbGq Õ¼vaxb ivGÓ¡Èi K^v
1940 mvGj jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGei gvaÅGg DcÕ©vcb KGib| ‰iB
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 avivevwnKZvq 1954 mvGj hÚy dÌ´Ÿ MVb KGib|
ZvB ejv hvq ˆh, DóxcGK ewYÆZ mKj KgÆKví QvovI DÚ
N. H mKj KgÆKví QvovI DÚ ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½ ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½ Z^v ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK AvGiv
AGbK RbwnZKi KvR KGiGQb|
AvGiv AGbK RbwnZKi KvR KGiGQb@ weGklÏ Y

KGiv| 4

2bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K gRjyg RbGbZv wQGjb gIjvbv Avõyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx|

L Š«¼Zkvmb A^Æ nGjv `yBfvGM kvmb Kiv|

1919 mvGj fviZ kvmb AvBGb cÉvG`wkK miKvGii
kvmbmsKÌv¯¦ welqmgnƒ GK msiwÞZ I nÕ¦v¯¦wiZ ‰ `yBfvGM
cwiPvjbv Kiv nq, ‰GK Š«¼Zkvmb ejv nq| DÚ AvBGb
msiwÞZ welqmgnƒ cÉvG`wkK MfYÆi Zvi DcG`Ó¡v cwilG`i
gvaÅGg cwiPvjbv KiGZb ‰es nÕ¦v¯¦wiZ welqàGjv MfYÆi
Zvi gw¯¨cwilG`i gvaÅGg cwiPvjbv KiGZb|

M DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ Rbve Aveyj ˆnvGmGbi mvG^ Õ¼vaxbZvcƒeÆ cÉk² 3 cwÍÏ ‰jvKvi gvbyGli RbwcÉq ˆbZv KwjgyÍÏvn
evsjvG`Gki AbÅZg ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½ ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK.
dRjjy nGKi KgÆKvGíi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| bvbvwea mgmÅvq RRÆwiZ K‡lKG`i gywÚi Dcvq LuyRGZ
DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvq, Rwg`vi I gnvRbG`i «¼viv K‡lKG`i
ˆkvlY I AZÅvPvi ˆ`GL Rbve Aveyj ˆnvGmb eÅw^Z nb ‰es ^vGKb| RbMGYi ˆfvGU cÉwZwbwa wbeÆvwPZ nGq wZwb my`GLvi
ivRbxwZGZ ˆhvM ˆ`b| Zvi Av¯¦wiK cÉGPÓ¡vq K‡wlFY AvBb,
gnvRbx I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb cvm nq| dGj K‡lKG`i mvgvwRK, gnvRbG`i Kej ˆ^GK K‡lKG`iGK gyÚ Kivi RbÅ ‰KwU
ivR‹bwZK I A^Æ‹bwZK ˆÞGò BwZevPK cwieZÆb AvGm|
cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj AvBb cÉYqb KGib| ZvQvov f„Õ¼vgxG`i Kej ˆ^GK Rwg wdGi
nK wQGjb K‡lK `i`x ˆbZv| wZwb 1937 mvGj gyLÅg¯¨xi
`vwqZ½ ˆbqvi ci FY mvwjwk ˆevWÆ MVb KGib Rwg`vi I MvÉ gÅ cvIqvi RbÅ Aci ‰KwU AvBb wZwb cÉYqb KGib|
gnvRbG`i «¼viv K‡lGKi AwaKvi Av`vGq ewjÓ¤ f„wgKv
ivGLb| 1938 mvGj wZwb K‡lKG`i myweavG^Æ cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb  wkLbdj: 6 [iv. ˆev. 2016]
cvm KGib| 1940 mvGj wZwb gnvRbx AvBb cvm KGib|
ˆgvUK^v, evsjvi AeGnwjZ K‡lKKzGji fvMÅvKvGk wZwb K. eãfãcƒeÆ AwefÚ cÉG`kwUi bvg Kx wQj? 1
wQGjb ‰K Däj bÞò hv evsjvi K‡lKG`i gywÚi cG^i
m®¬vb ˆ`q| ‰RbÅ ejv nq, `wÞYvçGji ˆgavex hey K Z^v L. cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nK `wi`Ë I K‡lK cÉRvG`i
my`GLvi gnvRb I Rwg`viG`i Kej ˆ^GK iÞv KGib| Avi M. DóxcGK Õ¼vaxbZvcƒeÆ evsjvG`Gki ˆh ˆbZvi Ae`vb
ZvB evOvwj RbMGYi n†`Gq wZwb Õ©vqx Avmb KGi wbGqGQb|
cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3

N. DÚ ˆbZvi mKj Ae`vb DóxcGK cÉwZdwjZ nqwb

Zzwg wK ‰ eÚGeÅi mvG^ ‰KgZ? ˆZvgvi DîGii

mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4

3bs cÉGk²i Dîi

N DóxcGK ewYÆZ mKj KgÆKví QvovI DÚ ivR‹bwZK K eãfãcƒeÆ AwefÚ cÉG`kwUi bvg wQj evsjv|
eÅwÚZ½ Z^v ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK AvGiv AGbK L cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb ejGZ cÉG`Gki cƒYÆ KZ‡ÆZ½GK eySvq|
RbwnZKi KvR KGiGQb| cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb eÅeÕ©vq ˆ`kiÞv, ciivÓ¡È msKÌv¯¦ ‰es
A^Æ ‰ wòwea welGqi KZ‡ÆZ½ ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii nvGZ bÅÕ¦
^vGK| wkÞv, Õ¼vÕ©Å, K‡wl, wePvi, cywjk ‰es AvBbk†›Ljv
BZÅvw` welGqi KZ‡ÆZ½ cÉvG`wkK miKvGii nvGZ bÅÕ¦ ^vGK|
hyÚivÓ¡Èxq c«¬wZi miKvi eÅeÕ©vq ˆK±`Êxq miKvi I

ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½: evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv jvf 3

cÉvG`wkK miKvGii gGaÅ ‰fvGeB ÞgZv e´Ÿb KGi ˆ`Iqv ZvB ejv hvq ˆh, DóxcGK ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nGKi
nq| gƒjZ ‰wUB nGjv cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb| mKj Ae`vb cÉwZdwjZ nqwb|
M DóxcGKi eYÆbvi mvG^ Õ¼vaxbZvcƒeÆ evsjvG`Gki AbÅZg
ˆbZv ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nGKi Ae`vb cÉwZdwjZ cÉk² 4 'x' bvgK ‰KwU JcwbGewkK ivGÓ¡Çi emevmKvix
nGqGQ|
DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvq, cÍxÏ ‰jvKvi gvbyGli RbwcÉq ˆbZv Rbve KvGkg Dcjwº¬ KGib ˆh, Zvi ivGÓ¡Ç JcwbGewkK kvmb
KwjgyÍÏvn bvbvwea mgmÅvq RRÆwiZ K‡lKG`i gywÚi Dcvq
LuyRGZ ^vGKb| RbMGYi ˆfvGU cÉwZwbwa wbeÆvwPZ nGq wZwb `xNÆvwqZ nGe| ‰RbÅ wZwb kvmKGMvÓ¤xi mvG^ weGivGa bv wMGq
my`GLvi gnvRbG`i Kej ˆ^GK K‡lKG`iGK gyÚ Kivi RbÅ
‰KwU AvBb cÉYqb KGib| ZvQvov f„Õ¼vgxG`i Kej ˆ^GK Õ¼RvwZGK AvaywbK wkÞv MÉnGY D«¼y«¬ KGib| wZwb RbMYGK
Rwg wdGi cvIqvi RbÅ Aci ‰KwU AvBb wZwb cÉYqb KGib|
cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj msMwVZ KiGZ ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK `j MVGb gyLÅ f„wgKv cvjb
nK wQGjb K‡lK `i`x ˆbZv| wZwb 1937 mvGj gyLÅg¯¨xi
`vwqZ½ ˆbqvi ci FY mvwjwk ˆevWÆ MVb KGib wZwb Rwg`vi I KGib| AbÅw`GK Rbve KvGkGgi cvk¼ÆeZÆx AçGji Rbve
MÉvgÅ gnvRbG`i «¼viv K‡lGKi AwaKvi Av`vGq ewjÓ¤ f„wgKv
ivGLb| 1938 mvGj wZwb K‡lKG`i myweavG^Æ cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb ˆPŒayix JcwbGewkK kvmK ˆMvÓ¤xi wei‚G«¬ mkÕ¨ weG`ËvGni WvK
cvm KGib| 1940 mvGj wZwb gnvRbx AvBb cvm KGib|
ˆgvUK^v, evsjvi AeGnwjZ K‡lKKzGji fvMÅvKvGk wZwb ˆ`b| wZwb mvaviY RbMYGK msMwVZ KGi mvgwiK cÉwkÞY
wQGjb ‰K Däj bÞò hv evsjvi K‡lKG`i gywÚi cG^i
m®¬vb ˆ`q| ‰RbÅ ejv nq, `wÞYvçGji ˆgavex hey K Z^v ˆ`b ‰es wbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰KwU ‰jvKvGK Õ¼vaxb ˆNvlYv KGib| wK¯§
ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK dRjyj nK `wi`Ë I K‡lK cÉRvG`i my`GLvi
gnvRb I Rwg`viG`i Kej ˆ^GK iÞv KGib| Avi ZvB kvmK ˆMvÓ¤xi cÉej AvKÌgGY Zvi cÉGPÓ¡v eÅ^Æ nq|
evOvwj RbMGYi n†`Gq wZwb Õ©vqx Avmb KGi wbGqGQb|
 wkLbdj: 2 I 4 [P. ˆev. 2016]
N DÚ ˆbZv Z^v ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nGKi mKj
Ae`vb DóxcGK cÉwZdwjZ nqwb Avwg ‰ eÚGeÅi mvG^ K. ˆKvb AvBGbi gvaÅGg fviGZ ˆKvÁ·vwb kvmGbi
‰KgZ| wbGP ‰ mÁ·GKÆ Avgvi hywÚ ˆ`LvGbv nGjv-
DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK dRjyj nGKi ÷aygvò Aemvb NGU? 1
K‡wlGÞGò Ae`vGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ| wZwb K‡wlGÞò QvovI
AvGiv bvbv w`GK Ae`vb ˆiGLGQb| ˆhgb- 1906 mvGj XvKvq L. eãfGãi ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
AbywÓ¤Z meÆfviZxq wkÞv mGÁÃjGbi AbÅZg DG`ÅvMx eÅwÚ
wQGjb ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK| ‰ mGÁÃjGb wZwb M. DóxcGKi Rbve KvGkGgi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cwVZ eBGqi
AvaywbK cvøvZÅ wkÞvi Dci ài‚Z½vGivc KGib| wZwb 1912
mvGj KjKvZvq gymwjg wkÞv mwgwZ MVb KGib ‰es 1913 ˆKvb eÅwÚGZ½i wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
mvGj wkÞvGK MYgyLx Kivi jGÞÅ eãxq AvBb cwilG` wkÞv
cwiK͸bv ˆck KGib| ‰QvovI XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v, N. ‘Rbve ˆPŒayix eÅ^Æ nGjI wZwb gywÚKvgx RbMGYi
bvixwkÞv I wewf®² KGjR cÉwZÓ¤vi wcQGb RwoZ wQGjb ˆkGi
evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK| evOvwj RvZxqZvevG`i AMÉ`ƒZ ˆcÉiYvi Drm nGq ^vKGeb|’ @ ˆZvgvi cwVZ eBGqi
dRjyj nK ‰KRb LvuwU evOvwj ˆbZv wQGjb| wZwb memgq
evOvwji `vwe-`vIqv Av`vGqi ‰es mvwnZÅ-msÕ•‡wZGK iÞv AvGjvGK gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
Kivi RbÅ ˆmvœPvi wQGjb| mGevcÆ wi ivR‹bwZK ˆÞGòI
dRjyj nGKi Ae`vb LyeB ZvrchÆgw´£Z| wZwb wQGjb ‰KRb 4bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AmvÁ·Ë`vwqK ˆbZv| ZvBGZv 1916 mvGji wn±`-y gymwjgG`i
Õ¼vG^Æ ‘jGÞ°Œ PzwÚ’ mÁ·v`Gb f„wgKv ivGLb| AwefÚ evsjvi K 1858 mvGji AvBGbi gvaÅGg fviGZ ˆKvÁ·vwb kvmGbi
gyLÅg¯¨x ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK fviGZi Dîi cwøg I Aemvb NGU|
cƒevÆçGj msLÅvMwiÓ¤ gymjgvb ‰jvKv wbGq Õ¼vaxb ivGÓ¡Èi K^v
1940 mvGj jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGei gvaÅGg DcÕ©vcb KGib| ‰iB L eãfã nq 1905 mvGj| eãfã nIqvi ˆcQGb AGbK
avivevwnKZvq 1954 mvGj hÚy dÌ´Ÿ MVb KGib|
KviY iGqGQ Zvi gGaÅ AbÅZg ‰KwU KviY nGjv ‘cÉkvmwbK’
KviY|

wenvi I DwolÅv wbGq MwVZ evsjvi AvqZb wQj 1 jÞ 89
nvRvi eMÆgvBj ‰es ˆjvKmsLÅv wQj 7 ˆKvwU 80 jÞ| ‰Z
eo cÉG`k ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK cwiPvjbv Kiv KÓ¡mvaÅ wQj| 1866
mvGj DwolÅvq `ywfÆÞ nGj cÉG`Gki wekvjvqZGbi KviGY
òvYKvhÆ cwiPvjbv eÅvnZ nq| ‰Qvov cÉG`Gk cÉkvmwbK KvGR
cÉGqvRGbi Zzjbvq Kg msLÅK KgÆPvix wQj| hvi djkÉ‚wZGZ
cÉG`k wefvM Kiv AcwinvhÆ nGq cGo| dGj 1905 mvGj jW
KvRÆb eãfã ˆNvlYv KGib|

M DóxcGKi Rbve KvGkGgi mvG^ Avgvi cwVZ beve mÅvi

mwjgyÍvÏ n&’i eÅwÚGZ½i wgj iGqGQ|
DóxcGKi Rbve KvGkGgi gGZv mÅvi mwjgyÍÏvnI eySGZ
ˆcGiwQGjb ˆh fviZxq DcgnvG`Gk weËwUk JcwbGewkK kvmb
`xNÆvwqZ nGe| ‰RbÅ wZwb weËwUkG`i mvG^ weGivGa bv wMGq
gymjgvb mgGRi wkÞv weÕ¦vGi gbGhvwM nb| AvnmvbDÍÏvn&
Bwéwbqvwis Õ•zj, wgUGdvWÆ nvmcvZvj, XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq,
mwjgyÍvÏ n gymwjg nj, mwjgyÍÏvn ‰wZgLvbv cÉwZÓ¤vmn bvbv
KvGR Zvi Ae`vb wQj| beve mÅvi mwjgyÍÏvn&i AbÅZg
ivR‹bwZK Ae`vb nGjv eãfã AvG±`vjGb ˆbZZ‡ ½ ˆ`Iqv|

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

eãfGãi mcGÞ RbgZ m†wÓ¡ ‰es weËwUk miKviGK cÉfvweZ L. jvGnvi cÕÉ ¦ve ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
Kivi ˆÞGò Zvi Ae`vbB wQj gyLÅ| wZwb RvbGZb ˆh,
eãfã nGj wn±`y ˆbZe‡ †±` ‰i weGivwaZv KiGe| ‰RbÅ M. DóxcGK ˆKvb ivRbxwZwe` mÁ·GKÆ BwãZ Kiv
eãfã KvhKÆ i nevi w`bB gymjgvbG`i Õ¼v^Æ msiÞGYi RbÅ
wZwb ‘ˆgvnvGgWvb cÉwfw´Öqvj BDwbqb’ cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰ nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
msMVGbi gGaÅB gymjgvbG`i RbÅ Õ¼Z¯¨ ivR‹bwZK msMVb
ŠZwii exR jyKvwqZ wQj| mÅvi mwjgyÍvÏ ni mevÆGcÞv gƒjÅevb N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ivRbxwZweG`i Ae`vb ˆZvgvi
Ae`vb nGœQ, meÆfviZxq gymwjg jxM bvgK ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK
msMVb cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv| hv DóxcGKi Rbve KvGkGgi ivR‹bwZK cvVÅeBGqi AvGjvGK gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
`j MVb f„wgKvi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒÆY|
5bs cÉGk²i Dîi
N DóxcGKi Rbve ˆPŒayixi KgÆKvG´£i mvG^ Avgvi cwVZ
K ‘ˆeãj cÅvÙ’ nGjv wn±`y-gymwjgG`i gGaÅ mvÁ·Ë`vwqK
eBGqi ‘knx` wZZzgxGii’ mvG^ wgj iGqGQ| Zvi msMvÉ g eÅ^Æ
nGjI wZwb gywÚKvgx RbMGYi Drm nGq ^vKGeb| eÅeavb `ƒi KGi cviÕ·wiK mÁ·ÉxwZ ŠZwii RbÅ Õ¼vÞwiZ
Rbve ˆPŒayix JcwbGewkK kvmK ˆMvÓ¤xi wei‚G«¬ mkÕ¨ PzwÚ|
weG`ËvGni WvK ˆ`b ‰es RbMYGK msMwVZ KGi mvgwiK
cÉwkÞY w`Gq ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰jvKvGK Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡È wnGmGe L 1940 mvGji 23 gvPÆ gymwjg jxGMi AwaGekGb, jvGnvi
ˆNvlYv KGib| kvmK ˆMvÓ¤xi mvG^ h«y ¬ nGj ZvG`i cÉGPÓ¡v
eÅ^Æ nq| Avi ‰B AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ kwn` wZZzgxGii euvGki cÉÕ¦ve Dïvcb KGib ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK. dRjyj nK| hv
ˆKÍÏv wbgÆvY, BsGiR I Rwg`viG`i wei‚G«¬ msNwUZ hyG«¬i gymjgvbG`i AvñcwiPq jvGf f„wgKv ivGL| jvGnvi cÉÕ¦vGe
wgj iGqGQ| bviGKj evwoqvi h«y ¬ wQj weËwUk kvmKG`i ejv nGqGQ@
wei‚G«¬ cÉ^g mkÕ¨ weG`Ëvn hv gywÚKvgx RbMYGK hMy hyM aGi i. ˆfŒGMvwjK w`K ˆ^GK msj™² ‰jvKvàGjvGK c†^K Açj
ˆcÉiYv ˆ`q| eGj MYÅ KiGZ nGe|
BsGiRG`i ˆMvjvevi‚` ‰es bxjKi I Rwg`viG`i HKÅe«¬ ii. ‰me Açj ˆfŒGMvwjK mxgvbv cÉGqvRGb cwieZÆb KGi
cÉwZGivGai gyGL wZZzgxGii euvGki ˆKÍÏv wQj mvnm Avi fviZeGlÆi ˆhLvGb gymjgvbiv msLÅvMwiÓ¤ ˆmLvGb Õ¼vaxb
ˆ`kGcÉGgi cÉZxK, hv hGy M hyGM evOvwjGK AbÅvq AZÅvPvGii ivÓ¡Èmgƒn cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ nGe|
wei‚G«¬ mvnm hwy MGqGQ| ˆcÉiYv hwy MGqGQ Õ¼vaxbZvi cG^ iii. Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡ÈmgƒGni AãivRÅmgƒn nGe mveÆGfŒg I
‰wMGq ˆhGZ| Õ¼vqZ½kvwmZ| ‰me ivGÓ¡Èi msLÅvjNy mÁcÉ`vGqi mvsÕ•‡wZK,
evsjvi gvbyGli gywÚi jGÞÅ wZZzgxi cÉ^g Õ¼vaxb I mveÆGfŒg kvmbZvw¯¨K I AbÅvbÅ AwaKvi I Õ¼v^Æ msiÞGYi KvhKÆ i
ivGÓ¡Çi Õ¼µ² ˆ`GLb| AbÅvq AwePvGii wei‚G«¬ cÉwZKvi bv eÅeÕ©v Kiv nGe; ˆ`Gki ˆh ˆKvGbv fwelÅr kvmbZvw¯¨K
ˆcGjI Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ msMÉvg Kivi ˆh wkÞv evOvwjiv Zvi cwiK͸bvq DÚ welqàGjv ˆgŒwjK bxwZ wnGmGe MÉnY KiGZ
KvQ ˆ^GK ˆcGqGQ, ZvGZ AbycvÉ wYZ nGqB cvwKÕ¦vwbG`i eçbv nGe|
I ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ evOvwjiv i‚GL `uvwoGqGQ ‰es P„ov¯¦fvGe
evsjvG`k bvgK Õv¼ axb I mveGÆ fŒg ivÓ¡È cÉwZÓ¤v KGiGQ| M DóxcGK ivRbxwZwe` ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx mÁ·GKÆ
wZZzgxGii AvñZÅvMB evãvwjG`i AvñZÅvGM AbycvÉ wYZ KGi|
wZZzgxiB wkÞv w`GqGQb, gnr ARÆGbi RbÅ Avg†ZzÅ msMÉvg ejv nGqGQ|
KiGZ nGe| ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx wQGjb DcgnvG`Gki AbÅZg
myZivs, DóxcGK Rbve ˆPŒayixi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ Pwiò Z^v ivRbxwZwe`| wZwb j´£Gbi ˆMÉ’m Bb ˆ^GK evi ‰U-j mÁ·®²
wZZzgxi eÅ^Æ nGjI gywÚKvgx RbMGYi RbÅ wPi ˆcÉiYvi Drm KGib| 1920 mvGj BsjÅv´£ ˆ^GK fviGZ wdGiB wZwb
nGq ^vKGeb| ivRbxwZGZ AskMÉnY KGib| wZwb MYZvw¯¨K ivRbxwZi cÉwZ
kÉ«¬vkxj wQGjb| Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki Õ©cwZ eãe®¬y ˆkL
gywReyi ingvb wQGjb Zvi ivR‹bwZK fvewklÅ| mvaviY
gvbyGli KjÅvGY m`v mGPÓ¡ wQGjb ˆnvGmb knx`
ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx|
ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx mÁ·wKÆZ DwÍÏwLZ Z^Åmgƒn
DóxcGK ewYÆZ ivRbxwZwe` Rbve ‘K’ ‰i mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
myZivs ejv hvq, DóxcGK DcgnvG`Gki AbÅZg ivRbxwZwe`
ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx mÁ·GKÆ ejv nGqGQ|

cÉk² 5 Rbve 'R' ‰KRb cÉLÅvZ ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½| wZwb N DóxcGK ewYÆZ ivRbxwZwe` nGjb ˆnvGmb knx`

j´£Gbi ˆMÉm Bb ˆ^GK evi ‰U’j mÁ·®² KGi ˆ`Gk wdGi ˆmvnivIqv`Æx| DcgnvG`Gki ivR‹bwZK AãGb Zvi AGbK
Ae`vb iGqGQ|

AvGmb| mvaviY gvbyGli KjÅvGY wZwb m`v mGPÓ¡| wZwb ˆmvnivIqv`Æx ‰KRb kÉwgK ˆbZv wnGmGe KjKvZvq
ivR‹bwZK KgÆRxeb ÷i‚ KGi A͸ mgGqi gGaÅ bvweK,
MYZG¯¨i cÉwZ wQGjb Avcmnxb| ZvGK MYZG¯¨i gvbmcyò ejv ˆijKgÆPvix, cvUKj I myZvKj KgÆPvix, wiKkvPvjK,
MvwoPvjK cÉf‡wZ ˆgnbwZ gvbyGli cÉvq 36 wU ˆUÇW BDwbqb
nq| wZwb DcgnvG`Gki weGivax `Gji mÉÓ¡v| wZwb wbqgZvw¯¨K MGo ˆZvGjb|

ivRbxwZGZ wek¼vmx wQGjb|  wkLbdj: 7 [P. ˆev. 2016]

K. ˆeãj cÅvÙ Kx? 1

ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½: evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv jvf 5

wZwb 1923 mvGji ˆeãj cÅvÙ mÁ·v`Gb gƒLÅ f„wgKv cvjb mvg¯¦ev` weGivax| Rwg`vi-ˆRvZ`viG`i weiG‚ «¬ Zvi mgÕ¦
KGib hv wn±`-y gymjgvbG`i gaÅKvi mvÁcÉ`vwqK eÅeavb `ƒi msMÉvg cwiPvwjZ nGqGQ| K‡lKG`i AwaKvi mGPZb Kivi
Kivi RbÅ mÁ·vw`Z nGqwQj| RbÅ wZwb wewf®² RvqMvq mGÁÃjb I mgvGek KGiGQb| ˆhgb-
wZwb gymwjg jxGMi mvaviY mÁ·v`K wnGmGe 1937-43 mvGj Avmvg (1924), UvãvBj (evs-1336), wmivRMé (evs-
`jGK msMwVZ Kivi RbÅ AvñwbGqvM KGib| 1337), MvBev®¬v (evs-1338), UvãvBGji KvMgvix (1941)
1949 mvGji 23 Ryb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÉwZÓ¤vq wZwb cÉf‡wZ| cƒeÆ evsjv ˆ^GK AvmvGg wMGq emevmKvix evOvwj
ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGib| gymjgvb K‡lKG`i weZvwoZ Kivi jGÞÅ Avmvg miKvi 1937
wZwb AvBbg¯¨x ^vKvKvGj cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i 13 eQi ci 1956 mvGj ‘jvBb cÉ^v’ bvgK ‰K AvBb Rvwi KiGj wZwb ‰GK
mvGj cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g msweavb cYÉ xZ nq| KzLÅvZ AvBb wnGmGe AwfwnZ KGib| 1947 mvGj fviZ
Zvi cÉGPÓ¡vq 1956 mvGji msweavGbi 214bs AbyGœQG` wefwÚi ci cvwKÕ¦vGbi K‡lKG`i Õ¼v^Æ Av`vq I AwaKvi
evsjvGK AbÅZg ivÓ¡Èfvlvi ghÆv`v ˆ`Iqv nq| cÉwZÓ¤vq wZwb cƒeÆ evsjvi cƒYÆ Õ¼vqîkvmb `vwe KGib|
cwimgvwµ¦GZ ejv hvq, ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvnivIqv`Æxi ivR‹bwZK mGevcÆ wi ˆkvwlZ I wbcxwoZ gvbylG`i Õ¼v^Æ wbGq wZwb AvRxeb
Ae`vb AZzjbxq| wZwb evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv msMÉvGg msMÉvg KGi ˆMGQb|
RbMGYi msMwVZ nIqvi ˆÞGò AbyGcÉiYv`vqK Av`kÆ ˆiGL
ˆMGQb| N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ eÅwÚZ½ gvIjvbv Avõjy nvwg` Lvb

cÉk² 6 ‰Kw`b mvBdzj mvGne Zvi ˆgGqGK wbGq eãe®¬y fvmvbxi ivR‹bwZK Ae`vb wbGÁ² AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjvt
1. 1946 mvGj ˆh mvaviY wbeÆvPb AbywÓ¤Z nq ZvGZ fvmvbxi
ˆmZz ˆ`LGZ hvb| Zvi ˆgGq ejGjv, ‰B eãe®¬y ˆmZzi RbÅB
f„wgKv wQj LyeB ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| 1947 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i
wmivRMé weLÅvZ nGq ^vKGe| wZwb ejGjb, bv, ‰B Açj ci wmGjU cvwKÕ¦vb bv fviGZ ˆhvM`vb KiGe, ‰ wbGq
MYGfvU AbywÓ¤Z nq| fvmvbx ‰ MYGfvGUi mgq wmGjU
‰gb ‰K ˆbZvi R¯ÃÕ©vb, whwb weËwUk fviGZi K‡lKG`i evmxGK cvwKÕ¦vGb ˆhvM`vGbi Avnevb Rvbvb| Zuvi AKÑv¯¦
cwikÉGg wmGjGUi RbMY cvwKÕ¦vGb ˆhvM`vGbi cGÞ ivq
AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vq eü AvG±`vjb KGiGQb| ÷aygvò gv`Ëvmv cÉ`vb KGi|
2. Avmvg ‰es cƒeÆevsjvi gymjgvb RbMY Zvui eÚGeÅ
wkÞvq wkwÞZ nGqI wZwb e†nr ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK `Gji cÉfvweZ nGq 1946 mvGji wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxGMi cGÞ
ˆfvU`vb KGiwQGjb| ‰i dGj 1947 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vb ivÓ¡È
cÉwZÓ¤vq eÅvcK f„wgKv ˆiGLGQb|  wkLbdj: 8 [e. ˆev. 2016] m†wÓ¡i c^ myMg nq|
3. gvIjvbv fvmvbxi DG`ÅvGM ‰es Zi‚Y gymwjg jxM
K. ˆ`ke®¬y Dcvwa ˆ`qv nq KvGK? 1 m`mÅG`i cÉGPÓ¡vq 1949 mvGj ‘AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM’
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| wZwb ‰B `Gji cÉwZÓ¤vKvjxb mfvcwZ
L. ‘fvM Ki, kvmb Ki’ bxwZ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 wQGjb|
4. 1956 mvGj ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvnivIqv`Æx cvwKÕ¦vGbi
M. DóxcGK ˆh ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚGZ½i cÉwZ BwãZ Kiv cÉavbg¯¨x nGj Zvi mvG^ ciivÓ¡ÈbxwZ I Õ¼vqîkvmb wbGq
fvmvbxi gZweGiva nq ‰es 1957 mvGji KvMgvwi
nGqGQ, K‡lKG`i KjÅvGY Zvi Ae`vb AvGjvPbv mGÁÃjGb Zv cÉKvkÅ i…c ˆbq| ‰i…c AeÕ©vq wKQz
evgc¯©x ˆbZvi mg¯¼Gq 1957 mvGji ‰wcÉGj wZwb bÅvc
KGiv| 3 MVb KGib|
5. evsjvGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Èfvlv Kivi `vweGZ 1952 mvGji
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ eÅwÚGZ½i ivR‹bwZK Ae`vb 30 Rvbyqvwi XvKv ˆRjvi evi jvBGeËwi nGj Zvi
mfvcwZGZ½ ‘meÆ`jxq ivÓ¡Èfvlv KgÆcwil`’ MwVZ nq|
AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 ivÓ¡Èfvlv AvG±`vjGb mnGhvwMZv Kivi RbÅ wZwb ˆMÉdZvi
nb ‰es 16 gvm Kviv wbhÆvZb ˆfvM KGib|
6bs cÉGk²i Dîi 6. 1971 mvGji gvPÆ gvGm eãe®¬yi AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGbi
cÉwZ wZwb mg^Æb cÉ`vb KGib| gywÚh«y ¬ PjvKvjxb wZwb
K ˆ`ke®¬y Dcvwa ˆ`qv nq wPîiéb `vkGK| wek¼GbZ‡e†±`GK evsjvG`Gk Pjgvb nZÅvhGæi welGq
AewnZ KGib ‰es evsjvG`kGK mnGhvwMZv I Õ¼xK‡wZ
L weËwUk miKvGii wPivPwiZ cÉkvmwbK bxwZ wQj ’fvM Ki, cÉ`vGb ZvG`i cÉwZ Avnevb Rvbvb|
kvmb Ki bxwZ’|

KÌgeaÆgvb weËwUk weGivax AvG±`vjGbi ˆcÉÞvcGU weËwUk miKvi
Dcjwº¬ KGi ˆh, fviZxqG`i gGaÅ wefvRb m†wÓ¡ KiGZ nGe|
‰GÞGò Zviv fviZeGlÆi cÉavb `ywU agÆGK nvwZqvi wnGmGe
eÅenvi KGi| cÉK‡ZcGÞ ÞgZvGK `xNÆvwqZ ‰es ˆUKmB
Kivi jGÞÅ Zviv ‰B ˆKŒkj AejÁ¼b KiZ|

M DóxcGK ˆh ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚGZ½i cÉwZ BwãZ Kiv nGqGQ

Zvi bvg gvIjvbv Avõyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx| K‡lKG`i KjÅvGY
wZwb AZzjbxq f„wgKv cvjb KGiGQb|
gvIjvbv fvmvbx wQGjb mwZÅKvGii K‡lK ˆbZv| ˆKbbv wZwb
wbGRI wQGjb `wi`Ë K‡lGKi m¯¦vb| K‡lKG`i `ytL-`y`Ækvi
mvG^ wZwb wQGjb AwZ cwiwPZ| dGj Zvi mgÕ¦ msMÉvg `wi`Ë
K‡lK mgvGRi Õ¼vG^ÆB cwiPvwjZ nq| gGb cÉvGY wZwb wQGjb

6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cÉGk²vîi

cÉk² 7 gvIjvbv AvõÍy Ïvn nR cvjb ˆkGl ˆ`Gk wdGi agÆ nvRx kixqZDÍÏvn `xNÆ 20 eQi gØvq AeÕ©vb KGi Bmjvg
kvGÕ¨i Mfxi ævb ARÆb KGib| ˆ`Gk wdGi wZwb AviGei
cÉPvGi AvñwbGqvM KGib| wZwb gymjgvbG`iGK KzmsÕ•vi Iqvnvwe AvG±`vjGbi Av`Gj divGqwR AvG±`vjGbi WvK ˆ`b|
wZwb gymjgvb mgvR ˆ^GK RvZ-cvZ cÉ^v DGœQ`, AwfRvZ-
cwiZÅvM KGi BmjvGgi ˆgŒwjK weavbvejx cvjGbi Avn»vb AbwfRvZ ˆkÉwYi weGjvc NwUGq cxicRƒ v, KeicƒRv cÉf‡wZ
KzmsÕ•vi `ƒi Kivi ˆRvi ˆPÓ¡v Pvjvb| ZvQvov wZwb eySGZ
Rvbvb| Zvi WvGK mvov w`Gq eü gymjgvb Zvi wklÅZ½ MÉnY ˆcGiwQGjb aGgÆi cvkvcvwk mvaviY gvbylGK AwaKvi mGPZb
KGi ˆZvjv `iKvi| ‰ DGóGkÅ wZwb weG`wk kvmb-ˆkvlY
KGi| wZwb wek¼vm KiGZb, gymjgvbG`i agÆxq ˆPZbvq ‰es bxjKi Rwg`vi, ˆRvZ`vi, gnvRbG`i AZÅvPvGii
wei‚G«¬ cÉwZev` MGo ˆZvGjb| hvi dGj ZvGK kvmK ˆkÉwYi
HKÅe«¬ KiGZ cviGj mKj cÉKvi AbÅvq-AZÅvPvi I ˆivlvbGj coGZ nq| DóxcGKi gvIjvbv AvõÍy Ïvn ‰KRb
agÆcÉvY gymjgvb I mgvRmsÕ•viK| wZwb gvbylGK aGgÆi
ˆkvlGYi weiG‚ «¬ ZxeË AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvjv mnR nGe| cÉK‡Z eÚeÅ ˆRGb agÆxq Abykvmb ˆgGb Pjvi ‰es
KzmsÕ•vigyÚ KiGZ ˆh AvG±`vjGbi WvK ˆ`b Zv BwZnvGmi
wkLbdj-1 nvRx kixqZDÍÏvni divGqwR AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
ZvB ejv hvq ˆh, DóxcGKi gvIjvbv AvõyÍÏvni mvG^ Avgvi
K. ‘`vi‚j nvie’ Kx? 1 cwVZ nvRx kixqZDÍÏvni wgj iGqGQ|

L. bIqve Ave`jy jwZdGK ‘evsjvi Šmq` Avng`; ejv N nuÅv DÚ gbxlxi agÆxq msÕ•vi AvG±`vjb ivR‹bwZK
AvG±`vjGb cwiYZ nGqwQj’ Avwg ‰ eÚGeÅi mvG^ ‰KgZ| A
nq ˆKb? 2 divGqwR AvG±`vjb agÆxq msÕ•vGii DGóGkÅ mƒwPZ nGjI
cieZÆxGZ ‰wU K‡lKG`i AvG±`vjGb i…c jvf KGi| agÆxq
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ Ave`yÍÏvni KgÆKvGíi mvG^ ˆZvgvi msÕ•vGii cvkvcvwk K‡lKG`i Rwg`vi, bxjKiG`i AZÅvPvi
I ˆkvlY nGZ gyÚ KivB wQj ‰ AvG±`vjGbi jÞÅ| evsjvq
cwVZ ˆKvb gbxlxi wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 weËwUk BÕ¡-Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi kvmb cÉwZwÓ¤Z nIqvi cGi
ˆ^GKB gymjgvbG`i A^Æ‹bwZK I mvgvwRK wechÆq NGU|
N. ‘DÚ gbxlxi agÆxq msÕ•vi AvG±`vjb ivR‹bwZK wkÞv, msÕ•‡wZ, PvKwi, Rwg`vwi cÉf‡wZ ˆÞGò eÅvcK ŠelGgÅi
wkKvi gymjgvbG`i AvñmGPZbZv m†wÓ¡ KiGZ ‰ AvG±`vjb
AvG±`vjGb cwiYZ nGqwQj” Zzwg Kx ‰B eÚGeÅi ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi|
nvRx kixqZDÍÏvn gymjgvbG`i AatcZGbi ˆcQGb KzmsÕ•vi
mvG^ ‰KgZ? hywÚ `vI| 4 ˆhfvGe f„wgKv ivGL Zv eywSGq KzmsÕ•vi cwinvi KiGZ
Drmvnx KGib| wZwb bxjKi ewYKG`i AZÅvPvGi meÆÕ¼v¯¦
7bs cÉGk²i Dîi K‡lKG`i HKÅe«¬ Kivi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| gymjgvbG`i mvweÆK
AebwZi KviY ˆh BÕ¡-Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi `ytkvmb Zv wZwb
K ‘`vi‚j nvie’ nGjv BmjvGgi cÉwZ weG«¼lGcvlYKvix RbMYGK ˆevSvGbvi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| wZwb gymjgvbG`i gGaÅ
Agymwjg kvwmZ ivÓ¡Ç ev f„-Lí| A cÉPvi KiGZ ^vGKb, ‘jvOj hvi Rwg Zvi ‰es ‰B Rwgb
L mgvR msÕ•vi I wkÞvweÕ¦vGi mÅvi Šmq` AvngG`i gGZv AvÍÏvni, myZivs LvRbv ˆ`e AvÍÏvnGK|’ weËwUk A^ev ZvG`i
mnGhvMx wn±`y Rwg`viG`i ˆKvGbv LvRbv ˆ`Iqv hvGe bv|
Ae`vb wQj eGjB bIqve Ave`yj jwZdGK ‘evsjvi Šmq` ‰Qvov wZwb miKvwi LvmgnjàGjv `LGj ‰Gb Mwie K‡lKG`i
Avng`’ ejv nq| gGaÅ weZiY KiGZb| ‰fvGeB wZwb evsjvi wbhÆvwZZ
K‡lKG`i HKÅe«¬ I msMwVZ KGib| RbMY Zvi ˆbZG‡ Z½
gymjgvb mgvGRi `ytL-`y`Ækv I `yMÆwZ mÅvi Šmq` Avng`GK HKÅe«¬ nGq me AZÅvPvi-ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `uvovq|
PigfvGe eÅw^Z KGiwQj| wZwb Dcjwº¬ KGib, gymjgvbG`i
cvøvZÅ ævb-weævGbi cÉwZ N†Yv I D`vmxbZv ZvG`i `ytL cwiGkGl ejv hvq, divGqwR AvG±`vjb kyay agÆxq AvG±`vjbB
bq eis ‰wU K‡lK AvG±`vjbI eGU|
Š`GbÅi KviY| ZvB wZwb gymjgvbG`i D®²wZi RbÅ BsGiRG`i
mGã mnGhvwMZv I cvøvZÅ wkÞv MÉnGYi Ici ˆRvi ˆ`b|
evsjvi gymjgvbG`i D®q² Gbi ˆÞGò bIqve Avõjy jwZd

Abyi…c fvebv ˆfGewQGjb| mÅvi Šmq` AvngG`i gGZv wZwbI
eySGZ ˆcGiwQGjb ˆh, AvaywbK wkÞv eÅZxZ gymjgvbG`i
D®²wZ mÁ¿e bq| ‰ RbÅB wZwb AGbK wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb ŠZwiGZ

AMÉYx f„wgKv cvjb KGib ‰es gv`&ivmv wkÞvGK
AvaywbKxKiY Kivi RbÅ mGPÓ¡ nb| wkÞvi cÉwZ Zuvi

Ae`vbGK ÕÃiYxq KGi ivLvi RbÅ ivRkvnx wek¼we`ÅvjGq Zuvi
bvGg ‰KwU QvòvevGmi bvgKiY Kiv nGqGQ| ‰ mKj KviGY
bIqve Avõjy jwZdGK evsjvi ‘Šmq` Avng`’ ejv nq|

M DóxcGK ewYÆZ gvIjvbv AvõÍy Ïvni mvG^ Avgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GK
ewYZÆ nvRx kixqZDÍÏvni wgj cvIqv hvq| A

nvRx kixqZDÍÏvn wQGjb agÆxq I mgvR msÕ•viK ‰es
fviZeGlÆ msNwUZ divGqwR AvG±`vjGbi ˆbZv| wZwb agÆxq
msÕ•vGii cvkvcvwk K‡lK, ZuvwZ ‰es AbÅvbÅ kÉgRxex

gvbylGK Rwg`vi I bxjKiG`i ˆkvlY ˆ^GK gyÚ Kivi RbÅ
msÕ•vi AvG±`vjb cwiPvjbv KGiwQGjb| DóxcGKi gvIjvbv

AvõyÍÏvni mvG^ AvG±`vjGb Avgiv Abyi…c welqwUB ˆ`LGZ
cvB|

ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½: evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv jvf 7

cÉk² 8 Rbve ‘K’ gGb KGib ˆh, mevi AvGM K‡lKG`i `ytL ài‚Z½ ˆ`b| 1913 mvGj wZwb eãxq AvBb cwilG` wkÞv
cwiK͸bv ˆck KGib| ˆkGi evsjvi AKÑv¯¦ cÉGPÓ¡vq KjKvZvi
`y`Ækv jvNe KiGZ nGe, ZvG`i gyGL nvwm dzUvGZ nGe| wZwb ˆUBji ˆnvGÕ¡j, KvigvBGKj ˆnvGÕ¡j I ˆeKvi ˆnvGÕ¡j
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| 1921 mvGj XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq ‰es dRjyj nK
wQGjb AmvÁ·É`vwqK ‰es LuvwU evOvwj| Zvi ˆPÓ¡vq AGbK nj cÉwZÓ¤vq ˆkGi evsjvi Ae`vb AweÕÃiYxq| Bmjvwgqv
KGjR I gymwjg wkÞv Znwej MVGb Zvi Ae`vb AGbK|
wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo IGV| wkLbdj-6 ‰Qvov gwnjvG`i ˆjwW eËvGevbÆ I BGWb KGjR cÉwZÓ¤vi gvaÅGg
wZwb meÆò ævGbi AvGjv QwoGq ˆ`Iqvi ˆPÓ¡v KGiGQb| wZwb
K. knx` wZZzgxGii Avmj bvg Kx? 1 cƒeÆeGã wewf®² wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb cwÉ ZÓ¤v KGi ˆMGQb|

L. divGqwR AvG±`vjb Kx? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2

M. Rbve ‘K’ ‰i mvG^ ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj

nGKi wgj KZUzKz? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3

N. DóxcGKi ‘K’ ‰i bÅvq ˆkGi evsjv dRjyj nGKi

cÉGPÓ¡vq AGbK wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo DGVGQ-DwÚwU cwiGkGl ejv hvq, evsjvi gymjgvb Z^v Avcvgi
RbmvaviGYi gvGS wkÞvweÕ¦vGii RbÅ ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK.
eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 dRjyj nK AGbK wkÞvcÉwZÓ¤vb cÉwZÓ¤v KGiwQGjb|

8bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K wZZzgxGii cÉK‡Z bvg nGjv gxi wbmvi Avjx| A cÉk² 9 ‰KRb ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½

L ‘divGqwR AvG±`vjb’ nGjv agÆxq msÕ•vi AvG±`vjb, hv beMwVZ ivR‹bwZK fvlv AvG±`vjGbi mgq Qq `dvi
nvRx kixqZDÍÏvni ˆbZG‡ Z½ MGo IGV| ‘diR’ kõwU ˆ^GK `Gji cÉ^g mÁ·v`K KvivMvGi ew±` DcÕ©vcK
divGqwR kõwU ‰GmGQ| diR kGõi A^Æ AekÅ cvjbxq| A
gymjgvb mgvGR bvbv aiGbi KzmsÕ•vi I weagÆx AvPvi- wkLbdj-9
AbyÓ¤vb weivRgvb wQj| ‰gZveÕ©vq nvRx kixqZDÍÏvn evsjvi
AacwZZ gymwjg mgvR ˆ^GK KzmsÕ•vi I A‹bmjvwgK K. wZZzgxGii cÉK‡Z bvg Kx? 1
KgÆKví wbimGbi RbÅ ˆPÓ¡v KGib| Zvi ‰ cÉGPÓ¡vB divGqwR
AvG±`vjb bvGg cwiwPZ| L. w«¼RvwZ Zî½ ejGZ Kx eyS? 2

M Rbve ‘K’-‰i KvGRi mvG^ weËwUk fviGZi ivRbxwZwe`, M. DóxcGK ˆKvb ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½ mÁ·GKÆ ejv
Z`vbx¯¦b evsjvi gyLÅg¯¨x ‰es evOvwji wcÉq ˆbZv ˆkGi evsjv
‰. ˆK. dRjyj nGKi wgj iGqGQ| nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3
DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Rbve ‘K’ ‰KRb evOvwj| wZwb weËwUk
Avgj ˆ^GK ivRbxwZ KGib| Zvi wek¼vm wQj mevi AvGM N. evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆGb DÚ eÅwÚi Ae`vb
K‡lGKi gGb cÉvGY kvw¯¦ ‰es ZvG`i gyGL nvwm ˆdvUvGZ nGe|
ˆKbbv, K‡lGKi D®w² ZB ˆ`Gki D®²wZ| gƒjÅvqb Ki| 4
DóxcGKi Rbve ‘K’-‰i gGZvB evsjvi K‡lK, mvaviY
RbMY, wbcxwoZ RbgvbyGli K^v fveGZb ‰. ˆK. dRjyj 9bs cÉGk²i Dîi
nK| wZwb ˆMvjGUwej ŠeVGK ˆhvM`vb, wn±`y gymwjg Õ¼v^Æ
mg¯¼q, 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPb I jvGnvi cÉÕ¦ve cÉYqGb weGkl K wZZzgxGii cÉK‡Z bvg nGjv gxi wbmvi Avjx| A
f„wgKv ivGLb| cvkvcvwk K‡lKG`i KjÅvY mvaGb K‡wlFY
AvBb cÉYqb, K‡lK cÉRv AvG±`vjb, FY mvwjwk ˆevWÆ MVb, L w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½ fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡Ç
wbwLj eã cÉRv mwgwZ, eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb cÉf‡wZ MVGbi gvaÅGg weËwUk fviZGK ivR‹bwZKfvGe wefÚ Kivi
KgÆKvGíi gvaÅGg K‡lKG`i gywÚi eÅeÕ©v KGi ˆMGQb| wZwb wbYÆvqK I Av`kÆvkÉqx ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK gZev`| A
Wvj-fvZ ivRbxwZi cÉeÚv wQGjb| gƒjZ ˆkGi evsjv Zuvi 1940 mvGj gymwjg jxM ˆbZv ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®v² n& w«-¼ RvwZ
KvhKÆ Ìg «v¼ iv evOvwji n†`Gq Agi nGq AvGQb| ZGîi½ DG¯Ãl NUvb| Zvi gGZ wn±`y I gymjgvb Dfq
mÁ·É`vqB c†^K agÆxq `kÆb, mvgvwRK ixwZ, mvwnZÅ, BwZnvm
cÉf‡wZi ˆÞGò `ywU c†^K cÉK‡Z AeÕ©vi gGaÅ AeÕ©vb KGi|
myZivs RvZxqZvi gvb`Gí wn±`y I gymjgvb c†^K RvwZ| Zvi
‰ gZev`wUB w«-¼ RvwZ Zî½ bvGg cwiwPZ|

N Rbve ‘K’-‰i bÅvq ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nGKi M DóxcGK evOvwj RvwZi RbK eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReiy ingvb
cÉGPÓ¡vq DcgnvG`Gk AGbK wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo DGVGQ@ mÁ·GKÆ Z^Å cÉ`vb Kiv nGqGQ|
DwÚwU h^v^Æ| evOvwj RvwZi RbK eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb wQGjb
ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK dRjyj nK eySGZ ˆcGiwQGjb ˆh, AvaywbK evsjvG`Gki cÉavb ivR‹bwZK ˆbZv| 1947 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vb
ævb-weævb wkÞvq D®²wZ KiGZ bv cviGj evsjvi m†wÓ¡i ci ˆ^GKB cvwKÕ¦vbx kvmKGMvÓ¤x cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉwZ
gymjgvbG`i ˆKvGbv D®w² Z nGe bv| ˆm jGÞÅ wZwb 1906 ŠelgÅgƒjK AvPiY ÷i‚ KGi| ‰G`Gki gvbyl PigfvGe ZvG`i
mvGj meÆfviZxq wkÞv mGÁÃjGbi WvK ˆ`b| ‰B wkÞv ˆkvlY I eçbvi wkKvi nq| ‰mgq eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
mGÁÃjGb wZwb AvaywbK I weævbmÁÃZ cvøvZÅ wkÞvi Ici ingvb evOvwjG`i AwaKvi Av`vGqi `vweGZ 1951 mvGji
fvlv AvG±`vjb, 1966 mvGj Qq `dv `vwe Dïvcb, 1969
mvGji MYAfzÅïvb ‰es 1970 mvGji wbeÆvPGb ˆbZZ‡ ½ ˆ`b|

8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

AeGkGl 1971 mvGji 25 gvPÆ ivGZ cvwKÕ¦vwb evwnbx ‰G`Gki wkÞvg¯¨x I cGi AwefÚ evsjvi gyLÅg¯¨xI nb| wZwb AGbK

wbixn evOvwji Ici SuvwcGh coGj wZwb evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv Õ•zj-KGjR cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| gyLÅg¯¨x ^vKvKvGj wZwb K‡lKG`i

ˆNvlYv KGib| `xNÆ bq gvm iÚÞqx hGy «¬i gvaÅGg 30 jÞ KjÅvY I `y`Ækv jvNGei RbÅ AGbK AvBb cvm KGib| ‰RbÅ

kwnG`i cÉvGYi wewbgGq 1971 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i evsjvG`k ZuvGK ‘K‡lK KzGji gywÚi AMÉ`ƒZ’ ejv nq|  wkLbdj: 6

Õ¼vaxbZv jvf KGi| K. nvRx kixqZDÍÏvn ˆKv^vq, KZ mvGj R¯ÃMÉnY
DóxcGK ‰gb ‰KRb ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚGZ½i K^v ejv nGqGQ,
whwb beMwVZ ivR‹bwZK `Gji cÉ^g h™y  mÁ·v`K wQGjb, KGib? 1
fvlv AvG±`vjGbi mgq KvivMvGi e±`x nGqwQGjb ‰es 6 `dv
`vwei DïvcK wQGjb| myZivs, DcGii AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv L. beve Avõjy jwZdGK ‘evsjvi Šmq` Avng`’ ejv
hvq, wZwb wbtmG±`Gn RvwZi RbK eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
ingvb| nq ˆKb? 2

N Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`k cÉwZÓ¤vq DwÍÏwLZ ˆbZv A^Ævr, eãe®¬y M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆbZvi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GK
ˆkL gywReyi ingvb AbbÅ f„wgKv cvjb KGib| gƒjZ Zvui
ˆbZG‡ Z½B evsjvG`k Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb KiGZ mÞg nGqwQj| A A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvb ˆbZvi wgj LyuGR cvIqv hvq?
Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`k eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi Ae`vb| wZwb
evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ cvwKÕ¦vGbi kvmKGMvÓ¤xi cÉavb wkÞvGÞGò Zvu i Ae`vb DGÍÏL KGiv| 3
kò‚GZ cwiYZ nb ‰es ˆRGj AvUGK ^vGKb| wZwb evOvwj
RvwZGK fvGjvevmGZb eGj mKj evav, Ryjyg, wbhÆvZb mnÅ N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆbZvi gZB ‰G`Gki ˆKvb ˆbZvGK
KGiI jGÞÅ AwePj ˆ^GK evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv wQwbGq AvbGZ
ˆcGiwQGjb| ‘K‡lK KzGji gywÚi AMÉ`ƒZ’ ejv nq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`k cÉwZÓ¤vq eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb gyLÅ
f„wgKv cvjb KGib| wZwb fvlv AvG±`vjb ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi 10bs cÉGk²i Dîi
evsjvG`k ivÓ¡Ç wewbgÆvGYi ˆcQGb cÉwZwU AvG±`vjb-msMÉvGg
mwKÌq f„wgKv cvjb KGiwQGjb| Zvui DïvwcZ Qq `dv `vweGZ K nvRx kixqZDÍÏvn dwi`cyi ˆRjvi evnv`yicyi MÉvGg 1781
evOvwji Avkv-AvKv›Þvi cÉwZdjb NGU ‰es evOvwj RvwZ mvGj R¯ÃMÉnY KGib|
wbGRG`i AwaKvi mÁ·GKÆ mGPZb nGq IGV| hvi djvdj
ˆ`Lv hvq 1970 ‰i wbeÆvPGb AvIqvgx jxM ‰i wbiâzk L gymjgvb mgvGRi `ytL, `y`Ækv I `yMÆwZ mÅvi Šmq`
weRGqi gGaÅ| wbevPÆ Gb AvIqvgx jxM weRq jvf KiGjI Avng`GK PigfvGe eÅw^Z KGiwQj| wZwb Dcjwº¬ KGib,
eãe®¬y ÞgZvq ˆhGZ cvGibwb| ‰ici cvK-miKvGii
AbÅvq AwePvGii wei‚G«¬ wZwb ˆmvœPvi nGq IGVb ‰es gymjgvbG`i cvøvZÅ ævb-weævGbi cÉwZ N†Yv I D`vmxbZv
AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGbi WvK ˆ`b| ‰iB ˆcÉwÞGZ wZwb 1971 ZvG`i `ytL Š`GbÅi KviY| ZvB wZwb gymjgvbG`i D®²wZi RbÅ
mvGji 7B gvPÆ ZrKvjxb ˆimGKvmÆ gq`vGb HwZnvwmK fvlY BsGiRG`i mGã mnGhvwMZv I cvøvZÅ wkÞv MÉnGYi Ici
cÉ`vb KGib ‰es ˆmLvGb cGivÞfvGe Õ¼vaxbZvi WvK ˆ`b|
Zuvi ‰ WvK evOvwj RvwZGK Õ¼vaxbZvi gG¯¨ DäxweZ KGi ˆRvi ˆ`b| evsjvi gymjgvbG`iI D®q² Gbi ˆÞGò bIqve Avõyj
ˆZvGj| cieZÆxGZ 1971 mvGji 26 gvPÆ ivGZi cÉ^g cÉnGi jwZd Abyi…c fvebv ˆfGewQGjb| mÅvi Šmq` AvnGgG`i gGZv
cvK-nvbv`viG`i wbKU ew±` nIqvi cƒGeÆB wZwb Õ¼vaxbZvi wZwbI gymjgvbG`i D®²qGb mgvR msÕ•vigƒjK I wkÞv
P„ov¯¦ ˆNvlYv cÉ`vb KGib| Zvui ‰ ˆNvlYvq mvov w`Gq
evsjvG`Gki jÞ jÞ RbMY gywÚhGy «¬ AskMÉnY KGi ˆ`kGK weÕ¦vigƒjK KvR KGib| ‰ mKj KviGY bIqve Avõyj
Õ¼vaxb KGi| jwZdGK evsjvi ‘Šmq` Avng`’ ejv nq|
DcGii AvGjvPbvq cÉZxqgvb nq ˆh, Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg M DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆbZvi mvG^ cvVÅcyÕ¦GK A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆkGi
evsjvG`k cÉwZÓ¤vq eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi Ae`vb
Acwimxg| evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjjy nGKi wgj LuyGR cvIqv hvq|

cÉk² 10 ‘K’ bvGgi ‰K ˆgavex wk÷i R¯Ã nq weËwUk DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘K’ bvGgi wk÷ weËwUk kvmbvgGj R¯ÃMÉnY

kvmbvgGj| wk÷wU Zvi ‰jvKvi Rwg`vi-gnvRbG`i «¼viv K‡lK KGi| wk÷wU Zvi ‰jvKvi Rwg`vi-gnvRbG`i «¼viv K‡lK,
ˆgnbwZ gvbyGli Ici AZÅvPvGii `†kÅ ˆ`GL Lye KÓ¡ ˆcZ| eo ˆgnbwZ gvbyGli AZÅvPvGi LyeB KÓ¡ ˆcZ| eo nGq wk÷wU
nGq ˆm ˆjLvcov wkGL AvBb ˆckv ‰es ivRbxwZi mvG^ hÚy ˆjLvcov wkGL AvBb ˆckv ‰es ivRbxwZi mvG^ hÚy nb|
nb| ‰KmgGq weËwUk kvmbvgGj wZwb AvBbmfvi m`mÅ I
wZwb weËwUk kvmbvgGj AvBbmfvi m`mÅ, wkÞvg¯¨x ‰es
gyLÅg¯¨xI nb| KviY cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq, ˆkGi
evsjv ‰. ˆK dRjyj nK wQGjb weËwUk kvmbvgGj AvBbmfvi

m`mÅ| 1954 mvGji hÚy dÌ´Ÿ wbeÆvPGb Rqjvf KiGj wZwb
gw¯¨mfvi gyLÅg¯¨x cG` AwawÓ¤Z nb| ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK
dRjyj nK 1913 mvGji 4 ‰wcÉj eãxq AvBb cwilG` ‘K‡wl

FY AvBb’ cvm KGi evsjvi Amnvq K‡lKG`i my`GLvi
gnvRbG`i ˆkvlY ˆ^GK iÞv KiGZ mGPÓ¡ nb|

DcwiDÚ ZzjbvgƒjK AvGjvPbvq myÕ·Ó¡ ˆh, DóxcGK ewYÆZ
ˆbZvi mvG^ Avgvi AvGjvwPZ ˆbZv ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK.
dRjyj nGKi wgj LuGy R cvIqv hvq|

N DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆbZvi gGZvB ‰G`Gki ˆbZv ˆkGi evsjv
‰.ˆK. dRjyj nKGK K‡lK KGz ji gywÚi AM`É ƒZ ejv nq|

eÕ§Z evsjvi K‡lKG`i ˆkvlGYi nvZ ˆ^GK euvPvGbvi RbÅ
‰KRb ivRbxwZwe` wnGmGe ˆkGi evsjv ‰.ˆK, dRjyj nK

ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚZ½: evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv jvf 9

ˆhme c`GÞc MÉnY KGiwQGjb Zv AvRI ZvGK K‡lKG`i cwiK͸bv ˆck ‰es A‹eZwbK cÉv^wgK wkÞv AvBb cvm
ˆbZv wnGmGe gGb KwiGq ˆ`q| wZwb wQGjb ‰KRb BZÅvw` welqàGjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nGKi wkÞv weÕ¦vGii mvG^
mwZÅKvGii gvbe`i`x| evsjvi AZÅvPvwiZ I wbGÓ·wkZ mãwZcYƒ Æ|
K‡lKKzGji AeÕ©vi D®w² Zi RbÅ ˆkGi evsjv ‘K‡lK mwgwZ’
MVb KGib| K‡lK I cÉRvG`i FGYi fvi jvNGei DGóGkÅ wkwÞZ, wePÞY I `ƒi`†wÓ¡mÁ·®² ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj
wZwb 1937 mvGj ‘FY mvwjwk ˆevWÆ’ MVb KGib| ˆmBmvG^ nK Dcjwº¬ KiGZ ˆcGiwQGjb ˆh wkÞv Qvov D®w² Z mÁ¿e bq|
wZwb evsjvi cÉRvmZ½ AvBb cÉYqGbi DG`ÅvMI MÉnY KGib| ZvB 1906 mvGj XvKvq AbywÓ¤Z meÆfviZxq wkÞv mGÁÃjb
hvi DGókÅ wQj Rwg`viG`i Drcxob nGZ K‡lK cÉRvG`i iÞv KGib| ‰B mGÁÃjGb BsGiwR wkÞvi Ici ˆRvi ˆ`Iqv nq|
Kiv| ÷ay ZvB bq, my`GLvi gnvRbG`i nvZ ˆ^GK K‡lKG`i 1922 mvGj KjKvZvq gymwjg wkÞv mwgwZ MVb KGib| wZwb
iÞvi jGÞÅ ˆkGi evsjvi ˆbZ‡Zv½ axb gw¯¨mfv 1938 mvGj wkÞvGK MYgyLx Kivi jGÞÅ eãxq AvBb cwilG` 1913 mvGj
‘eãxq K‡wl LvZK AvBb’ cvm KGi| ‰me KgÆKví ˆkGi ‰KwU wkÞv cwiK͸bv ˆck KGib| ‰QvovI 1916 mvGj
evsjvGK evsjvi K‡lKKzGji n†`Gq Õ©vqxfvGe RvqMv KGi KjKvZvq ˆeKvi ˆnvGÕ¡j I KvigvBGKj ˆnvGÕ¡j wbgÆvY
ˆ`q| DchyÆÚ AvGjvPbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, mgMÉ KGib| ‰i gvaÅGg DœP wkÞvi «¼vi DG¯ÃvwPZ nq| ˆkGi evsjv
ivR‹bwZK RxeGb K‡lKG`i D®²wZi RbÅ KvR KGi hvIqv ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nGKi AviI ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv wQj wkÞv
ˆkGi evsjv ‰GK dRjyj nKGK h^v^Æ KviGYB ‘K‡lK KzGji ˆÞGò, Zv nGjv XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v| wZwb evsjvi
gywÚi AM`É ƒZ’ ejv nq| wkÞvg¯¨x wnGmGe `vwqZ½ cvjbKvGj KjKvZvq Bmjvwgqv
KGjR cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ZvQvov ˆgavex gymjgvb QvòG`i DœP
cÉk² 11 ? wkÞvi RbÅ gymwjg wkÞv Znwej MVb KGib| bvix wkÞvi
cÉmvi, wewf®² KGjR cÉwZÓ¤v ‰es A‹eZwbK cÉv^wgK wkÞv
meÆfviZxq wkÞv mGÁÃjb ˆnvGÕ¡j wbgÆvY AvBb cvGmi RbÅ wZwb wQGjb mwKÌq eÅwÚ|

gymwjg wkÞv mwgwZ MVb wkÞv cwiK͸bv ˆck ‰RbÅB ejv hvq ˆh, cÉ`î QKwUGZ ‘?’ wPwn×Z Õ©vGb ‰. ˆK.
dRjyj nGKi wkÞv weÕ¦vGii w`KwU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ|
XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v A‹eZwbK cÉv^wgK wkÞv AvBb cvm
N DÚ w`KwU A^Ævr wkÞv weÕ¦vGi ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nGKi
 wkLbdj: 6 Ae`vb ZrKvjxb mgvGR LyeB fvGjv cÉfve ˆdGjwQj eGj
Avwg gGb Kwi| ˆKbbv gymjgvb mÁ·É`vqGK hGy MvcGhvMx I
K. gRjyg RbGbZv wQGjb ˆK? 1 AvaywbK wkÞvq MGo ˆZvjvi ˆÞGò ˆkGi evsjv ‰. ˆK.
dRjyj nK wQGjb AbÅZg cyGivav| ‰ Dcjwº¬ ˆ^GKB wZwb
L. eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi wkÞvRxeGbi weeiY MGo ZyGjwQGjb meÆfviZxq wkÞv mGÁÃjGbi gGZv AbyÓ¤vb|
wkÞvbyivMx ˆkGi evsjv HKvw¯¦K cÉGPÓ¡vq 1940 mvGj
`vI| 2 ewikvGji PvLvi KGjR, XvKvi ˆZRMuvI K‡wl KGjR,
gy´ÖxMGéi niMãv KGjR ‰es XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi dRjyj
M. cÉ`î QKwPGòi ‘?’ wPwn×Z Õ©vGb ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nK nj cÉwZÓ¤v nq| ‰QvovI ‰B gnvb eÅwÚi c†Ó¤GcvlKZvq
ivRkvnxi wkeMGéi Avw`bv dRjyj nK KGjR I kwlÆbv
nGKi ˆKvb w`KwU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| gv`Ëvmv cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰i djkÉ‚wZGZ cƒeÆ evsjvi RbMGYi
RbÅ DœP wkÞvi c^ cÉkÕ¦ nq| ZrKvjxb mgvGR bvix wkÞvGK
3 Lye ˆewk cÉGqvRbxq gGb bv Kiv nGjI bvix wkÞvi cÉwZ AMÉYx
f„wgKv ˆiGLwQGjb ˆkGi evsjv| ‰B bvix wkÞv cÉmvGii RbÅ
N. DÚ w`KwU ZrKvjxb mgvGR Kxi…c cÉfve ˆdGjwQj wZwb KjKvZvq ˆjwW eËvGeÆvb KGjR ‰es XvKvGZ BGWb KGjR
cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰ KviGY gymjgvb gwnjvG`i wkÞvi myGhvM
eGj Zywg gGb Ki? gZvgZ `vI| 4 m†wÓ¡ nq| ˆkGi evsjv wkÞvi AvGjvGK mKGji gvGS QwoGq
ˆ`Iqvi jGÞÅ A‹eZwbK cÉv^wgK wkÞv AvBb cvm KGi|
11bs cÉGk²i Dîi
AZ‰e ejv hvq, ZrKvjxb mgvGR ˆkGi evsjvi ‰B
K gRjyg RbGbZv wQGjb gvIjvbv Avõjy nvwg` Lvb my`ƒicÉmvix fvebv gymjgvb mgvRGK AviI ˆeMevb KGiwQj|
fvmvbx| wZwb wewf®²fvGe AvcÉvY ˆPÓ¡v KGiwQGjb gymjgvbG`i BsGiwR
wkÞvi cÉwZ ˆh Abxnv Zv `ƒi KiGZ| mGevÆ cwi wZwb mdjI
L c†w^exGZ wbcxwoZ gvbyGli AwaKvi Av`vGqi AweÕÃiYxq nGqGQb| ‰B RbÅB ejv hvq, ˆkGi evsjvi wkÞv weÕ¦vGii
AMÉbvqK ‰es evOvwj RvwZi RbK nGjb eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi KgÆmƒwP ZrKvjxb mgvGR LyeB my`ƒicÉmvix cÉfve ˆdGjwQj|
ingvb| wZwb 1944 mvGj cÉGewkKv cixÞvq DîxYÆ nb|
cieZÆxGZ KjKvZvq Bmjvwgqv KGjGR BbUÇv´Ö I 1947 mvGj
Õ²vZK wWwMÉ jvf KGib| wZwb KLGbv evav wecwî ‰woGq
PGjbwb eis Zvi ˆgvKvwejv KGiGQb cig mvnwmKZvi mGã|

M cÉ`î QKwPGòi ‘?’ wPwn×Z Õ©vGb ‰. ˆK. dRjyj nGKi
wkÞv weÕ¦vGii w`KwU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ hv cvVÅeBGqi mvG^
wgGj hvq|

cÉ`î QGK DwÍÏwLZ meÆfviZxq wkÞv mGÁÃjb, gymwjg wkÞv
mwgwZ MVb, XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v, ˆnvGÕ¡j wbgÆvY, wkÞv

PZz^Æ AaÅvq

evsjvG`Gki msweavb

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi

cÉk² 1 mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavb ‰KwU wjwLZ msweavb| wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZv I RbMGYi ˆgŒwjK AwaKvGii mvG^
evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
msm`xq c«¬wZi miKvi, w«-¼ KÞwewkÓ¡ AvBbmfv, wePvi

wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZv BZÅvw` ‰ ‘msweavGbi’ gƒj ŠewkÓ¡Å| ‰ N evsjvG`Gki msweavb mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavb AGcÞv

msweavb msGkvaGbi RbÅ AvBbmfvi wZb-PZz^vÆ sGki Dîg eÚeÅwUi mvG^ Avwg ‰KgZ|
DóxcGK mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki
m`mÅG`i mg^Æb cÉGqvRb| msweavbwUGZ RbMGYi ˆgŒwjK msweavGbi ˆhme welGq mv`†kÅ iGqGQ Zv nGjv@ wjwLZ
msweavb, msm`xq miKvi, wePvi wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZv, ˆgŒwjK
AwaKvGii DGÍLÏ ^vKGjI ivÓ¡È Pvjbvi ‘gƒjbxwZi’ ˆKvGbv AwaKvi| Z^vwc DóxcGKi mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavb AGcÞv
evsjvG`Gki msweavb Dîg| ˆKbbv evsjvG`Gki msweavGb
DGÍÏL ˆbB|  wkLbdj: 2 [Xv. ˆev., P. ˆev. 2016] ivÓ¡ÈcwiPvjbvi gƒjbxwZmgƒn mw®²GewkZ AvGQ; hv mygvBqvi
ˆ`Gki msweavGb ˆbB| ‰B w`K ˆ^GK evsjvG`Gki msweavb
K. msweavGbi ˆKvb msGkvabxi gvaÅGg Zî½veavqK Dîg| evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi 2q fvGM ivÓ¡È cwiPvjbvi
gƒjbxwZmgƒn wjwce«¬ Kiv AvGQ| evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡È
miKvi evwZj Kiv nq? 1 cwiPvjbvi PviwU gƒjbxwZ nGjv@ RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZ¯¨,
MYZ¯¨ I agÆwbiGcÞZv|
L. evsjvG`k msweavGbi «¼v`k msGkvabxi gƒj welqeÕ§ evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfv ‰KKÞ wewkÓ¡| ‰es evsjvG`Gki
msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZI mvgémÅcƒYÆ| mnRI bq, Avevi
Kx wQj? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 KwVbI bq| hv mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZ
AGcÞv ˆkÉq| ‰B w`K ˆ^GKI evsjvG`Gki msweavb Dîg|
M. mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavGbi mvG^ evsjvG`k ZvB DcGii AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, ivÓ¡ÈcwiPvjbvi
gƒjbxwZi DGÍÏL ^vKvq evsjvG`Gki msweavb DóxcGKi
msweavGbi mv`†kÅ ˆ`LvI| 3 mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavb AGcÞv Dîg|

N. evsjvG`Gki msweavb mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavb

AGcÞv Dîg-Zzwg wK ‰KgZ? hywÚ w`Gq ˆjL| 4

1bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K msweavGbi cç`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg Zî½veavqK miKvi

evwZj Kiv nq|

L evsjvG`k msweavGbi «¼v`k msGkvabxi gƒj welqeÕ§ nGjv cÉk² 2 gwR` ˆgvÍÏv wek¼we`ÅvjGq AvBbkvGÕ¨ AaÅqbiZ|
ivÓ¡ÈcwZkvwmZ miKvGii cwieGZÆ gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ eÅeÕ©v
cÉeZÆb| bZzb ‰ eÅeÕ©vq ivÓ¡ÈcwZi cwieGZÆ cÉavbg¯¨x meÆgq wewf®² ˆ`Gki msweavGbi weeZÆGbi BwZnvm coGZ wMGq ˆm
KZ‡ÆGZi½ AwaKvi jvf KGib| ‰ eÅeÕ©v Abyhvqx cÉavbg¯¨xi
ˆbZG‡ Z½ evsjvG`Gk ‰KwU gw¯¨mfv ^vKGe eGj ejv nq| ˆ`Lj ‰KwU ˆ`k AwZ `Ë‚ZZvi mvG^ ‰KwU AbbÅ cÉK‡wZi
gw¯¨cwil` Zvi KvhÆ I bxwZi RbÅ AvBbmfvi wbKU `vqx
^vKGe| ˆgvUK^v, «¼v`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg ivÓ¡ÈcwZi msweavb iPbv KGiGQ| msweavGb bvMwiKG`i AvBGbi `†wÓ¡GZ
ÞgZvGK msKzwPZ KGi cÉavbg¯¨xGK Amxg ÞgZvkvjx Kiv
nq| mgZv, PjvGdivi Õ¼vaxbZv, agÆxq Õ¼vaxbZv ‰es msMVGbi

M DóxcGK mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv ˆ`qv nGqGQ|  wkLbdj: 1 [wm. ˆev. 2016]

msweavGbi ˆek wKQy mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| K. evsjvG`k msweavGbi cç`k msGkvabx cvm nq
evsjvG`Gki msweavb ‰KwU wjwLZ msweavb| msweavGbi
«¼v`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg msm`xq c«¬wZi miKvi eÅeÕ©v Pvjy ˆKvb mvGj? 1
iGqGQ| msweavGbi 22bs AbyGœQG` wePvi wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZvi
Õ¼xK‡wZ ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| evsjvG`k msweavGb ˆgŒwjK AwaKvGii L. evsjvG`k msweavGbi ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU ivÓ¡Çxq
Õ¼xK‡wZ ˆ`qv nGqGQ 26-47bs AbyGœQG`|
DóxcGKi mygvBqvi ˆ`Gki msweavGbi gƒj ŠewkÓ¡ÅmgGƒ ni gƒjbxwZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
gGaÅ wjwLZ msweavb, msm`xq c«¬wZi miKvi eÅeÕ©v, wePvi
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆ`kwUi mvG^ ˆKvb ˆ`Gki

msweavb iPbvi wgj cvIqv hvq? eYÆbv KGiv| 3

N. DóxcGK ˆ`kwUi msweavGb cÉ`î ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi

QvovI ˆZvgvi ˆ`Gki msweavGb Avi ˆhme ˆgŒwjK

AwaKvi cÉ`vb Kiv nGqGQ Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

2bs cÉGk²i Dîi AbyGœQ` 42: mÁ·wîi AwaKvi|
AbyGœQ` 43: M†n I ˆhvMvGhvGMi iÞY|
K evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi cç`k msGkvabx cvm nq 30 AbyGœQ` 44: ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi ejerKiY|

Ryb, 2011| cÉk² 3 iÚvÚ msMÉvGgi ci ‘K’ ivÓ¡Ç Õ¼vaxbZv jvf KGi|

L evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi gƒjbxwZ nGjv RvZxqZvev`| Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi ‰K ermGii gGaÅ Zviv c†w^exi ‰KwU

evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi 9g AbyGœQG` RvZxqZvevG`i aviYv AbÅZg ˆmiv msweavb cÉYqb KiGZ mÞg nq| ‰B msweavGb
cvIqv hvq| ‰LvGb ejv AvGQ ˆh, fvlvMZ I msÕ•‡wZMZ
‰KK mîvwewkÓ¡ ˆh evOvwj RvwZ HKÅe«¬ I msMÉvg KGi DGÍÏL AvGQ ˆh, ‘RbMYB mKj ÞgZvi Drm|’
RvZxq gywÚhGy «¬i gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv I mveÆGfŒgZ½¾
ARÆb KGiGQ; evOvwj RvwZi ˆmB HKÅ I msnwZB nGe evOvwj  wkLbdj: 2 [w`. ˆev. 2016]
RvZxqZvevG`i wfwî| Avgiv evOvwj, AvgvG`i BwZnvm,
HwZnÅ, mvwnZÅ, msÕ•‡wZ I fvlv AbÅvbÅ mÁcÉ`vq ˆ^GK K. msweavb Kx? 1
Õ¼Z¯¨| ‰ RvZxqZvev` ‰UvB cÉgvb KGi ˆh, Avgiv evOvwj,
evsjv AvgvG`i gvZ‡fvlv, evsjvG`k AvgvG`i gvZ‡f„wg, Avgiv L. msm`xq MYZ¯¨ ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
‰KwU Õ¼vaxb I Õ¼Z¯¨ RvwZ|
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ msweavGbi mvG^ ˆKvb ˆ`Gki
M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆ`kwUi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki msweavb
msweavGbi wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
iPbvi wgj cvIqv hvq| Kvib evsjvG`k AwZ `Ë‚ZZvi mvG^
‰KwU AbbÅ cÉK‡wZi msweavb iPbv KGiGQ| evsjvG`Gki N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ DwÚwU evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi
msweavb iPbv KiGZ gvò bq gvm mgq jvGM ‰es ˆmLvGb
RbMGbi mKj AwaKvi mÁ·ƒYÆ msiÞY Kiv nGqGQ| ŠewkGÓ¡Åi AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
1972 mvGji 10B ‰wcÉj AbywÓ¤Z MYcwilG`i cÉ^g
AwaGekGb AvBb g¯¨x W. Kvgvj ˆnvGmGbi ˆbZ‡GZ½ 34 m`mÅ 3bs cÉGk²i Dîi
wewkÓ¡ Lmov msweavb cÉbqb KwgwU MwVZ nq| ‰ KwgwU
74wU ŠeVGK wgwjZ nGq 12B AGÙvei MYcwilG` Lmov K ivÓ¡È cwiPvjbvi RbÅ wjwLZ I AwjwLZ wKQz ˆgŒwjK
msweavb wej Dïvcb KGi hv, MYcwilG` weÕ¦vwiZ AvGjvPbv wbqg-bxwZ nGjv msweavb|
ˆkGl 1972 mvGji 4Vv bGfÁ¼½i M†nxZ nq ‰es 16B wWGmÁ¼i
KvhKÆ i nq| L msm`xq MYZ¯¨ ‰gb ‰K aiGbi kvmb eÅeÕ©v ˆhLvGb
myZivs ‰ K^v Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, DóxcGKi ˆ`kwUi msweavb iPbvi cÉavbg¯¨x cÉRvZG¯¨i wbeÆvnx ÞgZvi AwaKvix| ‰LvGb kvmb
mvG^ evsjvG`Gki msweavb iPbvi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| wefvM ev wbeÆvnx wefvM ZvG`i M†nxZ bxwZ I wm«¬v¯¦ ev
KvRKGgÆi RbÅ AvBbwefvGMi wbKU `vqe«¬| KviY Zviv
N DóxcGKi ˆ`kwUi msweavGb cÉ`î ˆgŒwjK AwaKvGii ‰KB mvG^ kvmbwefvGMi ‰es AvBbwefvGMi m`mÅ| ‰Qvov
msm`xq MYZG¯¨ ivÓ¡ÈcwZ bvggvò ivÓ¡ÈcÉavb ‰es cÉK‡Z
mvG^ Avgvi ˆ`Gki msweavGbi wgj iGqGQ| DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ÞgZvi AwaKvix gw¯¨cwil`|
ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi QvovI evsjvG`Gki msweavGb AvGiv wKQz
ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi mw®²GewkZ AvGQ| ‰àGjv nGjv@ M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ msweavGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi
1) msweavGbi 27 AbyGœQG` ‰es cvkvcvwk 28 ˆ^GK 30 wgj iGqGQ| wbGÁ² Zv eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv:
AbyGœQG` wewf®² ˆÞGò ŠelgÅ wbwl«¬ ˆNvwlZ nGqGQ| iÚvÚ msMÉvGgi ci 1971 mvGji 16B wWGmÁ¼i evsjvG`k
AbyGœQ` 28: ˆKej agÆ, ˆMvÓ¤x, eYÆ, bvix-cyi‚l ev R¯ÃÕ©vGbi Õ¼vaxbZv jvf KGi| ˆ`kwU Õ¼vaxbZvi ‰K eQGii gGaÅ A^ÅÆvr
KviGY ˆKvb bvMwiGKi cÉwZ ivÓ¡È ŠelgÅ cÉ`kÆb KiGe bv, ivÓ¡È 1972 mvGji 16B wWGmÁ¼i c†w^exi AbÅZg ‰KwU ˆmiv
I MYRxeGbi meÆÕ¦Gi bvix cyil‚ mgvb AwaKvi jvf KiGeb| msweavb cÉYqb KiGZ mÞg nq; hv ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Çi msweavGbi
AbyGœQ` 29: cÉRvZG¯¨i KGgÆ wbGqvM ev c` jvGfi ˆÞGò mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ| evsjvG`Gki msweavGb ˆgŒwjK AwaKvGi
DGÍÏL iGqGQ| agÆ, eYÆ, ˆMvÓ¤x, bvix-cyi‚l ˆfG` ˆKvb
mKj bvMwiGKi RbÅ myGhvGMi mgZv ^vKGe| bvMwiGKi cÉwZ ivÓ¡È ŠelgÅ cÉ`kÆb KiGe bv| mKj bvMwiK
AbyGœQ` 31: AvBGbi AvkÉq jvGfi AwaKvi| meÆò AevGa PjvGdiv, ˆhGKvb Õ©vGb emwZ Õ©vcb ‰es
AbyGœQ` 32: Rxeb I eÅwÚ Õ¼vaxbZvi AwaKvi| evsjvG`k ZÅvM I evsjvG`Gk cybtcÉGek KiGZ cvGi| ZGe
AbyGœQ` 33: ˆMÉdZvi I AvUK mÁ·GKÆ iÞvKeP| RbMGYi Õ¼vG^Æ AvBGbi «¼viv ‰B Õ¼vaxbZvi Dci hwy ÚmãZ
AbyGœQ` 34: Rei`wÕ¦ kÉg wbwl«¬Kib| evav wbGla AvGivc Kiv hvGe|
AbyGœQ` 37: mgvGeGki Õ¼vaxbZv|
AbyGœQ` 39: wP¯¦v I weGeGKi Õ¼vaxbZv ‰es evK Õ¼vaxbZv| N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘RbMYB mKj ÞgZvi Drm’ DwÚwU
AbyGœQ` 40: ˆckv ev eyw«¬i Õ¼vaxbZv| evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi ŠewkGÓ¡Åi AvGjvGK wbGÁ² weGkÏlY Kiv
nGjv:
evsjvG`Gki msweavb ‰KwU MYZvw¯¨K msweavb ev kvmbZ¯¨|
‰GZ ejv nGqGQ ˆh, RbMYB mKj ÞgZvi Drm| ‰GZ
ˆgŒwjK gvbevwaKvi I Õ¼vaxbZvi wbøqZv weavb Kiv nGqGQ|
miKvGii mg`y q KvhvÆ ewj cwiPvwjZ nGe RbMGYi wbeÆvwPZ
cÉwZwbwaG`i gvaÅGg| msweavb ˆhGnZz ˆ`Gki mGevÆœP AvBb

evsjvG`Gki msweavb 3

‰es RbMGYi Avkv-AvKv›Þv evÕ¦evqGbi c^ wbG`ÆkK, ZvB M DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆ`kwUi msweavGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki
‰i mvG^ mvgéÅcƒYÆ bq ‰gb AvBb evwZj eGj MYÅ nGe|
msweavGb bvMwiKG`i ˆgŒwjK AwaKvGii wbøqZv weavb Kiv msweavGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
nGqGQ| ˆgŒwjK AwaKviàGjvi gGaÅ- PjvGdivi Õ¼vaxbZv, DóxcGKi ‘K’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi bÅvq evsjvG`kI `xNÆ bq gvm msMÉvGgi
ˆckv ev e†wîi Õ¼vaxbZv, agÆxq Õ¼vaxbZv, mÁ·wîi AwaKvi, ci Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb KGi| ‰ici ˆK±`xÊ q I cÉvG`wkK cwilG`i
wP¯¦v I weGeGKi Õ¼vaxbZv ‰es evK Õ¼vaxbZv mweGkl wbeÆvwPZ RbcÉwZwbwae†±`G`i gaÅ ˆ^GK 34 m`mÅ wewkÓ¡
DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| msweavGb cÉvµ¦ eqÕ• bi-bvixi ˆfvUvwaKvi msweavb cÉYqb KwgwU MwVZ nq| DÚ KwgwU weËGUb I
cÉ`vb Kiv nGqGQ| ‰GZ ˆKvGbviKg ŠelgÅ Kiv nqwb| ‰Qvov fviGZi msweavGbi Dîg welqmgƒGni AbyKiGY ‰KwU
msweavGbi gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gk ‰K KÞwewkÓ¡ AvBbmfv msweavb iPbvi DG`ÅvM MÉnb KGi| evsjvG`Gki msweavGb
cÉeZÆb Kiv nq| RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ wbeÆvPGbi gvaÅGg 300 Rb DóxcGKi ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi msweavGbi gZ RbMGYi ˆgŒwjK
cÉwZwbwa ‰es 50wU msiwÞZ AvmGbi cÉwZwbwa wbGq AvBbmfv AwaKvimn ivÓ¡Èxq gƒjbxwZ, ivGÓ¡Èi KhÆvewji mKj welq
MwVZ| myZivs evsjvG`k msweavb ˆgvZvGeK ejv hvq ˆh, A¯¦fzÚ nq| ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi msweavGbi gZ evsjvG`Gki msweavGb
RbMYB mKj ÞgZvi Drm| msm`xq eÅeÕ©vi Dîg ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn cÉwZdwjZ nq|
evsjvG`Gki msweavb `yB Z‡Zxqvsk msm` m`mÅG`i
cÉk² 4 `xNÆ bq gvm msMÉvg KGi ‘K’ ivÓ¡Ç Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb msLÅvMwiÓ¤Zvi wfwîGZ msGkvab Kiv hvq, hv ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi
msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
KGi| Zvici ˆK±`Êxq I cÉvG`wkK cwilG`i wbeÆvwPZ myZivs ejv hvq, DóxcGKi ivÓ¡ÈwUi msweavGbi mvG^
evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
RbcÉwZwbwae†G±`i mg®¼Gq ‰KwU msweavb cÉYqb KwgwU MwVZ
N DóxcK ewYÆZ msweavbwU Dîg msweavb| KviY DóxcGKi
nq| DÚ KwgwU weËGUb I fviGZi msweavGbi Dîg welqmgƒGni
‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi msweavGb Dîg msweavGbi ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn cÉwZdwjZ
AbyKiGY ‰KwU msweavb iPbvi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGi| ‰GZ nGqGQ|
DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ msweavGbi ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn msweavbwUGK Dîg
RbMGYi ˆgŒwjK AwaKvimn ivÓ¡Çxq KvhÆvewji mKj welq msweavb wnGmGe cwiÕ¹zwUZ KGi|
wjwLZ msweavb: ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi msweavbwU wjwLZ| ˆhLvGb
A¯¦fzÆÚ nq| DÚ msweavGb msm`xq eÅeÕ©vi Dîg RbMGYi ˆgŒwjK AwaKvimn ivGÓ¡Èi KvhvÆewj wjwLZi…Gc
A¯¦f„ÆÚ Kiv nq| hv ‰KwU Dîg msweavGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å|
ŠewkÓ¡ÅmgƒnI cÉwZdwjZ nq| ‰ msweavb `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk msm` ˆgŒwjK AwaKvGii Õ¼xK‡wZ: ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi msweavGb RbMGYi
ˆgŒwjK AwaKvGii Õ¼xK‡wZ iGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi 3q
m`GmÅi msLÅvMwiÓ¤Zvi wfwîGZ msGkvab Kiv hvq| fvGM 26-47bs AbyGœQG` ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi wjwce«¬ AvGQ|
msweavGb ˆgŒwjK AwaKvimgGƒ ni mw®²Gek I Õ¼xK‡wZ Dîg
 wkLbdj: 2 [P. ˆev. 2016] msweavGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å|
msm`xq c«¬wZi miKvi: ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi msweavGb msm`xq
K. evsjvG`k msweavb KGe nGZ KvhKÆ i nq? 1 c«¬wZi miKvi iGqGQ hv RbMGYi AwaKvi iÞvq f„wgKv
cvjb KGi| ‰B ŠewkÓ¡ÅI Dîg msweavGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å, ˆhLvGb
L. evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU gƒjbxwZ RbMY mKj ÞgZvi Drm|
`yÓ·wieZÆbxq msweavb: ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi msweavbwU `yÓ·wieZÆbxq
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 msweavb| ‰RbÅ msweavb msGkvaGbi RbÅ `yB Z‡Zxqvsk
msm` m`ÅGmÅi ˆfvGUi cÉGqvRb cGo; hv ‰KwU Dîg
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆ`kwUi msweavGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å|
myZivs ejv hvq ˆh, DóxcGKi ‘K’ ˆ`Gki msweavbwU ‰KwU
msweavGbi mv`†kÅmgƒn AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3 Dîg msweavb|

N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ msweavbwU wK Dîg msweavb? ZGe cÉk² 5 Avqvb DœP wkÞvG^Æ BsjÅv´£ hvq| ˆmB ˆ`Gki

ˆKb? hywÚ `vI| 4 msweavb AwjwLZ I mycwieZÆbxq| kvmb eÅeÕ©v ‰KGKw±`ÊK
I gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ miKvi| ˆmLvGb w«`¼ jxq eÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb
4bs cÉGk²i Dîi I AvBbmfv ‰K KÞwewkÓ¡| ˆm ˆ`Gk wbqgZvw¯¨K ivRZ¯¨
cÉPwjZ ^vKGjI kvw¯¦cƒYÆ MYZvw¯¨K AeÕ©v we`Ågvb|
K evsjvG`Gki msweavb 1972 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i ˆ^GK
 wkLbdj: 2 [e. ˆev. 2016]
KvhKÆ i nq|

L evsjvG`Gki AbÅZg gƒjbxwZ nGjv RvZxqZvev`|

evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi 9g AbyGœQG` RvZxqZvevG`i aviYv
cvIqv hvq| ‰LvGb ejv AvGQ ˆh, fvlvMZ I msÕ•‡wZMZ
‰KK mîvwewkÓ¡ ˆh evOvwj RvwZ HKÅe«¬ I msMÉvg KGi
RvZxq gywÚhGy «¬i gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv I mveÆGfŒgZ½¾
ARÆb KGiGQ; evOvwj RvwZi ˆmB HKÅ I msnwZB nGe evOvwj
RvZxqZvevG`i wfwî| Avgiv evOvwj, AvgvG`i BwZnvm,
HwZnÅ, mvwnZÅ, msÕ•‡wZ I fvlv AbÅvbÅ mÁcÉ`vq ˆ^GK
Õ¼Z¯¨| ‰ RvZxqZvev` ‰UvB cÉgvb KGi ˆh, Avgiv evOvwj,
evsjv AvgvG`i gvZ‡fvlv, evsjvG`k AvgvG`i gvZ‡f„wg, Avgiv
‰KwU Õ¼vaxb I Õ¼Z¯¨ RvwZ|

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

K. ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi Kx? 1 wjwLZ nIqvq ‰wU `yÓ·wieZÆbxq| ‰B msweavb cwieZÆb
ev msGkvab KiGZ nGj ‰K weGkl c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b
L. ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi gƒjbxwZ ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 KiGZ nq| msweavGbi ˆhGKvGbv msGkvabx cÉÕ¦ve RvZxq
msmG`i `yB Z‡ZxqvsGki mg^ÆGb M†nxZ I KvhÆKi nq|
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆ`Gki mGã evsjvG`Gki 3. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆ`Gk wbqgZvw¯¨K ivRZ¯¨ cÉPwjZ
iGqGQ| ‰GZ ivRv ev ivwY ivÓ¡ÈcÉavb| AbÅw`GK
msweavGbi ˆKvb ˆKvb ŠewkGÓ¡Åi wgj iGqGQ@ evsjvG`k msweavGb cÉ`î ivÓ¡ÈcÉwZ c`wU bvggvò| Zvi
bvGg cÉavbg¯¨xi ˆbZG‡ Z½ mKj ivÓ¡Èxq KvhvÆ ewj cwiPvwjZ
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 nq|

N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆ`Gki mGã evsjvG`Gki

msweavGbi ˆh me Šemv`†kÅ jÞ Ki, Zvi eYÆbv

`vI| 4

5bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K ivÓ¡ÈcÉ`î ˆhme myGhvM-myweav bvMwiKG`i eÅwÚZ½ I ˆgav cÉk² 6 ivBgvi ˆ`Gki msweavGb ivÓ¡È cwiPvjbvi gƒjbxwZ,

weKvGki RbÅ ‰Kv¯¦fvGe AcwinvhÆ ˆmàGjvB ˆgŒwjK bvMwiKG`i ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi ‰es kwÚkvjx gw¯¨cwil` MVGbi
AwaKvi|
K^v ejv nGqGQ| AvBbmfvi m`mÅG`i mvaviY msLÅvMwiGÓ¤i
L AvaywbK MYZvw¯¨K ivÓ¡È nGjv KjÅvYgƒjK ivÓ¡È| RbMGYi
ˆfvGU msweavb cwieZÆGbi eÅeÕ©v ivLv nGqGQ|
meÆvãxb KjÅvY mvab KivB ‰ ivGÓ¡Èi gƒj jÞÅ | ‰ RbÅ
msweavGb ivÓ¡È cwiPvjbvi RbÅ KZKàGjv ˆgŒwjK bxwZ  wkLbdj: 2 I 4 [iv. ˆev. 2016]
wbaÆviY Kiv ^vGK| ‰ bxwZàGjv nGœQ ivÓ¡È cwiPvjbvi
gƒjbxwZ| miKvi ‰B gƒjbxwZ Abyhvqx ivÓ¡È cwiPvjbv KGib| K. KZ ZvwiGL evsjvG`Gki msweavb KvhKÆ i nq? 1

L. cçg msGkvabxi gvaÅGg evsjvG`k msweavGbi

M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ BsjÅv´£ bvgK ˆ`Gki mGã evsjvG`Gki gƒjbxwZGZ Kx cwieZÆb Avbv nGqwQj? 2

msweavGbi ˆhme ŠewkGÓ¡Åi wgj iGqGQ wbGÁ² Zv eÅvLÅv Kiv M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ msweavGb evsjvG`k msweavGbi
nGjv:
1. DóxcGK DÚ ˆ`Gki gZ evsjvG`GkI gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ ˆKvb ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv cÉwZdwjZ nqwb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3

ev msm`xq miKvi eÅeÕ©v iGqGQ| ‰LvGb ivÓ¡ÈcwZ nGeb N. ivBgvi ˆ`Gki msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZi Zzjbvq
bvggvò kvmK| cÉavbg¯¨xi ˆbZG‡ Z½ gw¯¨mfv ivÓ¡ÈcwZi
bvGg hveZxq ÞgZv ˆfvM KGib| ˆZvgvi ˆ`Gki msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZ AwaKZi
2. evsjvG`Gki msweavb DóxcGKi ˆ`Gki bÅvq ‰KGKw±`ÊK
kvmb eÅeÕ©v cÉeZÆb KGi ‰es mKj miKvwi ÞgZv MÉnYGhvMÅ| DwÚwUi mcGÞ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ ˆck
‰KwU ˆKG±`Ê ˆK±`xÊ f„Z KGi|
3. DÚ ˆ`Gki bÅvq evsjvG`Gk msweavb AbymvGi ‰K KGiv| 4
KÞwewkÓ¡ AvBbmfv cÉeZÆb Kiv nGqGQ|
4. evsjvG`k msweavGb ejv nGqGQ ˆh, RbMYB mKj 6bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ÞgZvi Drm| ‰GZ ˆgŒwjK gvbevwaKvi I Õ¼vaxbZvi
wbøqZv cÉ`vb Kiv nGqGQ| miKvGii mKj KvhvÆ ewj K 1972 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i evsjvG`Gki msweavb KvhÆKi
cwiPvwjZ nGe RbMGYi wbeÆvwPZ cÉwZwbwaG`i gvaÅGg| nq|
5. evsjvG`k msweavGb cÉvµ¦ eqÕ• mKj bi-bvixi
ˆfvUvwaKvi cÉ`vb Kiv nGqGQ| ‰GZ ˆKvGbv iKg ŠelgÅ L cçg msGkvabxi gvaÅGg evsjvG`k msweavGbi 4wU
Kiv nq wb| RvwZ, agÆ, eYÆ wbweÆGkGl mKj cÉvµ¦ eqÕ• gƒjbxwZi gGaÅ MYZ¯¨ Qvov evwK wZbwUGZB cwieZÆb Avbv
bvMwiK ˆfvUvwaKvi jvf KiGe| nGqwQj|

cçg msGkvabxGZ RvZxqZvevG`i cwieGZÆ evsjvG`wk
RvZxqZvevG`i aviYv Avbv nq| agÆwbiGcÞZvi cwieGZÆ
meÆkwÚgvb AvÍÏvni Dci cƒYÆ AvÕ©v I wek¼vm Avbv nq| cçg
msGkvabxGZ mgvRZ¯¨GK A^Æ‹bwZK I mvgvwRK bÅvqwePvi
wnGmGe ivÓ¡Çxq gƒjbxwZ Kiv nq|

N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ BsjÅv´£ bvgK ˆ`Gki mGã evsjvG`Gki M DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ ivBgvi ˆ`Gki msweavGb evsjvG`k
msweavGbi AGbKàGjv ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv cÉwZdwjZ nqwb| wbGP ‰
msweavGbi ˆhme Šemv`†kÅ jÞ Kiv hvq, wbGÁ² Zvi eYÆbv mÁ·GKÆ eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv-
ˆ`Iqv nGjv:
1. mGeÆvœP AvBb : evsjvG`Gki msweavb ivGÓ¡Èi mGevÆ œP
1. BsjÅvG´£i msweavb AwjwLZ| cÉ^v, ixwZbxwZ ‰es AvBb| KviY evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi mvG^ ˆ`Gki
Av`GkÆi Dci wfwî KGi ˆ`kwU cwiPvwjZ nq| AbÅw`GK cÉPwjZ ˆKvGbv AvBGbi msNvZ m†wÓ¡ nGj ˆmGÞGò
evsjvG`Gki msweavb wjwLZ ‰es mswÞµ¦| msweavb cÉvavbÅ cvGe| A^Ævr hw` ˆKvGbv AvBb
msweavGbi mvG^ mvgémÅnxb nq, ZvnGj H AvBGbi
2. ˆhGnZz BsjÅvG´£i msweavb AwjwLZ, ˆmGnZz ‰B ˆ`Gki hZLvwb AmvgémÅcƒYÆ ZZLvwb evwZj nGq hvGe| ivBgvi
msweavb mycwieZÆbxq| Aciw`GK evsjvG`Gki msweavb ˆ`Gki msweavGb ‰ aiGYi wKQz ejv nqwb|

evsjvG`Gki msweavb 5

2. cÉRvZ¯¨ : evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi cÉ^g fvM wQj bZzb cÉk² 7 mywdqv A^ÆvfvGe Zvi 12 eQGii ˆgGq KvRjxi
cÉRvZG¯¨i mywbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰es AvbyÓ¤vwbK ewntcÉKvk| ‰wU
evsjvG`kGK ‰KwU ‰KK, Õ¼vaxb I mveÆGfŒg cÉRvZ¯¨ covGjLvi LiP enb KiGZ cviwQj bv| ZvB ˆm mvnvGhÅi
wnGmGe ˆNvlYv KGi| ‰GZ cÉRvZG¯¨i ivÓ¡Èxq mxgvbv,
ivÓ¡Èfvlv, RvZxq mãxZ, RvZxq cZvKv, RvZxq cÉZxK, RbÅ knGi Zvi abx AvñxGqi evwo hvq| wZwb Zvi ˆgGqi
RvZxq dzj ‰es RvZxq Õ¼vZ¯Å¨ GK msævwqZ Kiv nq|
ivBgvi ˆ`Gki msweavGb cÉRvZ¯¨ mÁ·GKÆ wKQz ejv nqwb| covGkvbvi fvi ˆbb| ˆgGqGK AvñxGqi evwoGZ ˆiGL wbwø¯¦

3. wePvi wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZv : ivBgvi ˆ`Gki msweavGb wePvi gGb evwo wdGi hvq| ‰K eQi ci ˆm RvbGZ cvGi KvRjx
wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZvi K^v wKQz bv ejv nGjI evsjvG`Gki
msweavGb wePvi wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZvi K^v wbwøZ Kiv ˆjLvcovi ˆKvGbv myGhvMB cvqwb| ZvGK ˆRvicƒeÆK evwoi me
nGqGQ| msweavGb 22bs AbyGœQG` ‰ welGq myÕ·Ó¡ weavb
iGqGQ| msweavb Abyhvqx evsjvG`Gk ‰KwU mGeÆvœP KvR KivGbv nq| ZvB mywdqv ‰B AbÅvGqi cÉwZKvi ˆPGq
Av`vjZ Õ©vcGbi eÅeÕ©v Kiv nq| ejv nq ‰i bvg nGe
mywcÉg ˆKvUÆ| evsjvG`Gki ‰KwU Av`vjGZi kiYvc®² nq|

cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, DwÍÏwLZ ŠewkÓ¡Å QvovI evsjvG`Gki  wkLbdj: 3 [e. ˆev. 2016]
msweavGbi AvGiv AGbK ŠewkÓ¡Å iGqGQ, hv ivBgvi ˆ`Gki
msweavGb ejv nqwb| K. g¯¨YvjGqi cÉkvmwbK cÉavb ˆK? 1
N ivBgvi ˆ`Gki msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZi Zzjbvq Avgvi
ˆ`Gki msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZ AwaKZi MÉnYGhvMÅ| Avwg L. MYGfvU ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
DwÚwUi mvG^ ‰KgZ|
DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ivBgvi ˆ`Gki AvBbmfvi M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ KvRjx evsjvG`Gki msweavGb
m`mÅG`i mvaviY msLÅvMwiGÓ¤i ˆfvGU msweavb cwieZÆGbi
eÅeÕ©v ivLv nGqGQ| ‰ wewa Abyhvqx msweavb cwieZÆb KiGZ ewYÆZ ˆKvb AwaKvi nGZ ewçZ? ˆmB AwaKvimgƒn
memgq msLÅvMwiGÓ¤i ˆfvU cvIqv ‰KwU `ytmvaÅ welq|
ˆgvUK^v, ‰wU AvaywbKKvGj MÉnYGhvMÅ ˆKvGbv c«¬wZ nGZ DGÍÏL KGiv| 3
cvGi bv| cÞv¯¦Gi, evsjvG`Gki msweavb msGkvab KiGZ
‰KwU mywbw`ÆÓ¡ c«¬wZ AejÁ¼b KiGZ nq| ˆhgb- evsjvG`k N. DóxcGK KvRjxi gZ Amnvq ˆgGqG`i AwaKvi
msweavGbi 142 bs AbyGœQG` ejv nGqGQ ˆh,
(1) ‰B msweavGb hv ejv nGqGQ, Zv mGî½I cÉwZÓ¤vq evsjvG`Gki mGeÆvœP Av`vjGZi ˆKvb wefvM
(K) msmG`i AvBGbi «¼viv ‰B msweavGbi ˆKvGbv weavb
msGhvRb, cwieZÆb, cÉwZÕ©vcb ev iwnZKiGYi «¼viv mwKÌq f„wgKv ivLGZ cvGi ‰es KxfvGe Zv eÅvLÅv
msGkvwaZ nGZ cviGe|
ZGe kZÆ ^vGK ˆh, KGiv| 4
(A) Abyi…c msGkvabxi RbÅ AvbxZ ˆKvGbv weGji mÁ·ƒYÆ
wkGivbvgvq ‰B msweavGbi ˆKvGbv weavb msGkvab Kiv nGe 7bs cÉGk²i Dîi
eGj Õ·Ó¡i…Gc DGÍÏL bv ^vKGj wejwU weGePbvi RbÅ MÉnY
Kiv hvGe bv; K g¯¨YvjGqi cÉkvmwbK cÉavb nGjb mwPe|
(Av) msmG`i ˆgvU m`mÅ msLÅvi AbƒÅb `yB Z†Zxqvsk M†nxZ
bv nGj Abyi…c ˆKvGbv weGj mÁÃwZ`vGbi RbÅ Zv ivÓ¡ÈcwZi L MYGfvU ejGZ ˆKvGbv welGq RbgZ hvPvBGK ˆevSvGbv
wbKU DcÕ©vwcZ nGe bv;
(L) DcwiDÚ DcvGq ˆKvGbv wej M†nxZ nevi ci mÁÃwZi RbÅ nq| hw` ˆKvGbv weavb msGkvaGbi RbÅ RvZxq msmG`i
ivÓ¡ÈcwZi wbKU Zv DcÕ©vwcZ nGj DcÕ©vcGbi mvZ w`Gbi
gGaÅ wZwb Zv KiGZ Amg^Æ nGj DÚ ˆgqvG`i AemvGb wZwb AvBbB hG^Ó¡ eGj gGb bv nq, ˆmGÞGò ‰i…c ˆKvGbv weGj
wejwUGZ mÁÃwZ`vb KGiGQb eGj MYÅ nGe|
DcwiDÚ eYÆbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, ivBgvi ˆ`Gki Zzjbvq mÁÃwZ`vGbi cƒGeÆ ivÓ¡ÈcwZ RbgZ hvPvBGqi eÅeÕ©v KGib|
evsjvG`Gki msweavb msGkvab c«¬wZ AwaKZi MnÉ YGhvMÅ|
‰UvB MYGfvU bvGg cwiwPZ|

M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ KvRjx evsjvG`Gki msweavGb ewYÆZ

ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi ˆ^GK ewçZ| wbGÁ² KwZcq ˆgŒwjK

AwaKvimgƒn DGÍÏL Kiv nGjv:

1. AvBGbi `†wÓ¡GZ mgZv, agÆ cÉf‡wZ KviGY ŠelgÅ 2. miKvwi

wbGqvM jvGf myGhvGMi mgZv 3. Dcvax, mÁÃvb I f„lGYi

weGjvc mvab 4. AvBGbi AvkÉq jvGfi AwaKvi 5. Rxeb I

eÅwÚ Õ¼vaxbZv 6. ˆMÉdZvi ev AvUK mÁ·GKÆ iÞvKeP 7.

Rei`wÕ¦ kÉg wbwl«¬KiY 8. wePvi I `´£ mÁ·GKÆ iÞY 9.

PjvGdivi Õ¼vaxbZv 10. mgvGeGki Õ¼vaxbZv 11. msMVGbi

Õ¼vaxbZv 12. wP¯¦v I weGeGKi Õ¼vaxbZv ‰es evK Õ¼vaxbZv

13. ˆckv ev e†wîi Õ¼vaxbZv 14. agÆxq Õ¼vaxbZv 15. mÁ·wîi

AwaKvi 16. Mn† I ˆhvMvGhvGMi iÞY BZÅvw`|

N DóxcGK KvRjxi gGZv Amnvq ˆgGqG`i AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vq

evsjvG`Gki mGevÆœP Av`vjZ mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi nvBGKvUÆ wefvM

mwKÌq f„wgKv ivLGZ cvGi| wbGÁ² Zv eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv:

MYcÉRvZ¯¨x evsjvG`Gki msweavb Abyhvqx ˆgŒwjK

AwaKvimgƒn KvhÆKi Kivi mKj `vwqZ½ nvBGKvUÆ wefvGMi

Dci bÅÕ¦ Kiv nGqGQ| ‰ gGgÆ msweavGbi 102 bs AbyGœQG`

DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ ˆh, ˆKvGbv msÞzº¬ eÅwÚi AvGe`bKÌGg

bvMwiKG`i ˆgŒwjK AwaKvimgƒGni ˆKvGbv ‰KwU ejer Kivi

RbÅ ‰es cÉRvZG¯¨i welqvewji mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ ˆKvGbv `vwqZ½

6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cvjbKvix eÅwÚmn ˆh ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ ev KZ‡ÆcÞGK nvBGKvUÆ nvBGKvUÆ wefvM ˆ`Gki mKj AaÕ¦b Av`vjb I UÇvBeyÅbvGji
wefvM DchÚy AvG`k cÉ`vb KiGZ cviGe| Ici Zî½veavb I wbq¯¨Y ÞgZv cÉGqvM KGi ^vGKb; ˆmGnZz
‰GÞGò DóxcGKi KvRjx Zvi ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi msiÞGYi DóxcGKi KvRjx AaÕ¦b Av`vjGZi gvaÅGgI nvBGKvUÆ wefvM
eÅvcvGi DÚ wefvGMi kiYvc®² nGZ cviGe| Aciw`GK ˆhGnZz KZ‡ÆK ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi wdGi ˆcGZ cvGi|

cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cÉGkv² îi

cÉk² 8 wkÞK ˆkÉwYKGÞ ‰KwU ivGÓ¡Çi msweavGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å N DóxcGKi ewYÆZ ivÓ¡Ç A^Ævr gvwKÆb hyÚivGÓ¡Çi kvmbeÅeÕ©v
nGjv ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ ‰es evsjvG`Gki kvmbeÅeÕ©v
mÁ·GKÆ ejwQGjb| DÚ ivGÓ¡Çi msweavb wjwLZ I gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ| wbGP ‰B `ywU kvmbeÅeÕ©vi ZzjbvgƒjK
AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
`yÓ·wieZÆbxq| ivÓ¡ÇwUGZ ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ miKvi eÅeÕ©v ‰es ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ miKvGi whwb ivÓ¡ÇcÉavb, wZwbB miKvi cÉavb|
ivÓ¡ÇcÉavb cÉK‡Z kvmK| wK¯§ msm`xq ev gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ
hyÚivÓ¡Çxq kvmb eÅeÕ©v cÉPwjZ iGqGQ| wkLbdj-2 miKvi ivÓ¡ÇcaÉ vb I miKvi cÉavb wf®² wf®² eÅwÚ| gw¯¨cwil`
kvwmZ miKvGi ivÓ¡ÇcwZ ivÓ¡ÇcÉavGbi AvbyÓ¤vwbK `vwqZ½ cvjb
K. evsjvG`k msweavGb KZwU AbyGœQ` iGqGQ? 1 KGib| cÉavbg¯¨x miKvi cwiPvjbv KGi ^vGKb| cÉavbg¯¨x
nGjb miKvi cÉavb| ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ miKvi c«¬wZGZ
L. mwPevjq ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 ivÓ¡ÇcwZ mivmwi RbMGYi ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ nb| wK¯§
gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ miKvGi cÉavbg¯¨x cÉ^Gg RbMGYi cÉZÅÞ
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ivGÓ¡Çi msweavGbi ŠewkGÓ¡Åi mvG^ ˆfvGU AvBbmfvi m`mÅ wbeÆvwPZ nb ‰es cieZxÆGZ
msLÅvMwiÓ¤ `Gji cÉavb wnGmGe ivÓ¡ÇcwZ KZ‡ÆK cÉavbg¯¨x
evsjvG`k msweavGbi ŠewkGÓ¡Åi gGaÅ ˆh cv^ÆKÅ wnGmGe wbGqvM jvf KGib| msm`xq miKvi c«¬wZGZ
AvBbmfv AvBb cÉYqGbi ˆÞGò wbiâzk ÞgZvi AwaKvix|
iGqGQ@ Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 AvBbmfv BœQv KiGj AbvÕ©v cÉÕ¦ve Dïvcb KGi miKviGK
AcmviY KiGZ cvGi| wK¯§ ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ miKvi c«¬wZGZ
N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ivGÓ¡Çi kvmb eÅeÕ©vi mvG^ AvBbmfv wbiâzk ÞgZvi AwaKvix bq| AvBbmfv
msweavGbi wbw`ÆÓ¡ cG^ weGkl AwfGhvM Dïvcb Qvov
evsjvG`Gki kvmb eÅeÕ©vi ZzjbvgƒjK AvGjvPbv ivÓ¡ÇcwZGK Awfksmb I AcmviY KiGZ cvGi bv|
gw¯¨cwil` miKvGi gw¯¨mfv ZvG`i mKj bxwZ, wm«¬v¯¦ I
KGiv| 4 KvGRi RbÅ AvBbmfvi wbKU `vqx| wK¯§ ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ
miKvGi kvmb wefvM mvaviYZ AvBbmfvi wbKU Revew`wn
8bs cÉGk²i Dîi KiGZ evaÅ bq| msm`xq miKvi c«¬wZGZ ÞgZv ‰KòxKiY
NGU| ‰LvGb AvBbmfv I kvmb wefvM c†^K mîv wnGmGe
K evsjvG`k msweavGb 153wU AbyGœQ` iGqGQ| AeÕ©vb KGi bv| AbÅw`GK, AvBbmfv I kvmb wefvGMi
gGaÅ ÞgZvi c†^KxKiY bxwZi Ici wfwî KGi ivÓ¡ÇcwZ
L mwPevjq ejGZ miKvGii wewf®² g¯¨Yvjq I Zvi kvwmZ miKvieÅeÕ©vi D«¿e NGU| gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ
wefvMmgƒn wbGq MwVZ cÉkvmwbK msÕ©vGK ˆevSvq| miKvGii kvmb wefvM Z^v gw¯¨mfvi Õ©vwqZ½ AvBbmfvi
mwPevjq nGjv ‰KwU ˆ`Gki Z^v cÉkvmb eÅeÕ©vi cÉvYGK±`Ê| AvÕ©vi Ici wbfÆikxj| AvBbmfvi AvÕ©v nvivGj
miKvwi hveZxq KgÆmƒwP I wm«¬v¯¦ meÆc^É g mwPevjGq M†nxZ cÉavbg¯¨xmGgZ gw¯¨cwil`GK c`ZÅvM KiGZ nq| ivÓ¡ÇcwZ
nq| mwPevjq wewf®² cÉK͸I evÕ¦evqb KGi| mGevÆ cwi ˆ`Gki kvwmZ miKvi c«¬wZGZ AvBbmfv msweavb j›NGbi gGZv
cÉkvmb h¯¨GK cwiPvjbvi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq hveZxq KvhÆ ài‚Zi AcivGai AwfGhvM eÅZxZ ivÓ¡ÇcwZGK AcmviY KiGZ
mÁ·v`bKvix `µ¦iB nGjv mwPevjq| cvGi bv|

M DóxcGK ewYÆZ ivGÓ¡Çi mvG^ A^Ævr hÚy ivGÓ¡Çi mvG^ AvGjvPbv ˆkGl ejv hvq gvwKÆb hyÚivÓ¡Ç ‰es evsjvG`Gki
evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi ŠewkGÓ¡Åi gGaÅ ˆh cv^ÆKÅ iGqGQ Zv miKvi eÅeÕ©vi gGaÅ hG^Ó¡ cv^ÆKÅ iGqGQ|
wbGP AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
miKvi eÅeÕ©v: gvwKÆb hyÚivGÓ¡Ç hyÚivÓ¡Çxq miKvi eÅeÕ©v
we`Ågvb| Aciw`GK evsjvG`k msweavGb msm`xq miKvi
c«¬wZ ev gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ miKvi eÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb|
kvmb c«¬wZ: gvwKÆb hÚy ivGÓ¡Çi msweavGb ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ
miKvi c«¬wZ we`Ågvb| ivÓ¡ÇcwZB meÆgq ÞgZvi AwaKvix|
wZwbB ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi gƒj ˆK±`Êwe±`y| AbÅw`GK evsjvG`Gki
msweavb Abyhvqx msm`xq miKvi c«¬wZ ev gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ
miKvi c«¬wZ we`Ågvb| ‰GÞGò cÉavbg¯¨x cÉRvZG¯¨i meÆgq
wbeÆvnx ÞgZvi AwaKvix|
AvBbmfv: gvwKÆb hyÚivGÓ¡Çi msweavGb w«-¼ KÞ wewkÓ¡
AvBbmfv we`Ågvb| ‰KwU nGjv DœPKÞ ev wmGbU ‰es
AvGiKwU nGjv wbÁ²KÞ| Avi evsjvG`k msweavGb ‰KKÞ
wewkÓ¡ AvBbmfv we`Ågvb| evsjvG`k AvBb mfvi bvg RvZxq
msm`|

evsjvG`Gki msweavb 7

cÉk² 9 evsjvG`Gki msweavb `yÓ·wieZÆbxq cÉK‡wZi| hLb ˆKvGbv wej M†nxZ nGj ˆmB wej ivÓ¡ÇcwZi AbyGgv`Gbi RbÅ
Zuvi wbKU ˆck Kiv nGe| msweavGb Õ·Ó¡fvGe DGÍÏL Kiv
ZLb msweavb msGkvaGbi wbqg ˆbB| msweavGbi cwieZÆb I nGqGQ ˆh, “‰i…c ˆKvGbv wejB mÁÃwZi RbÅ ivÓ¡ÇcwZi wbKU
ˆck Kiv nGe bv, hw` bv ‰wU msmG`i ˆgvU m`GmÅi A¯¦Z
msGkvaGbi RbÅ `kg fvGM ‰K weGkl c«¬wZ AbymiGYi `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk m`GmÅi ˆfvGU M†nxZ nq|” ‰fvGe msmG` M†nxZ
ˆKvGbv msGkvabx wej hLb ivÓ¡ÇcwZi wbKU cvVvGbv nq, ZLb
K^v ejv nGqGQ| ejv nq ˆh, msweavb msGkvaGbi AwaKvi wZwb mvZ w`Gbi gGaÅ wejwUGZ mÁÃwZ `vb KiGeb| wZwb Zv
KiGZ Amg^Æ nGj DÚ mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci wZwb
ˆKej RvZxq msmG`i| wkLbdj-4 wejwUGZ mÁÃwZ `vb KGiGQb eGj MYÅ Kiv nGe| wejwU
wewae«¬ I KvhÆKi nGe|
K. RvZxq msmG`i eZÆgvb Avmb msLÅv KZ? 1 ivÓ¡ÇcwZi 15Zg msGkvab AvG`Gk (1978) ejv nq,
“msweavb cÉÕ¦vebv, ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi gƒjbxwZ, ivÓ¡ÇcwZi
L. ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi KvGK eGj? eywSGq ˆjL| 2 wbeÆvPb I ÞgZv mÁ·GKÆ ˆKvGbv msGkvab cÉÕ¦ve msm` KZ‡ÆK
M†nxZ nGq ivÓ¡ÇcwZi wbKU mÁÃwZi RbÅ DcÕ©vwcZ nGj
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ msweavb msGkvaGbi weGkl ivÓ¡ÇcwZ ‰K MYGfvGUi AvGqvRb KiGeb| MYGfvGU IB
cÉÕ¦ve msLÅvMwiGÓ¤i «¼viv mgw^ÆZ nGj ivÓ¡ÇcwZ mÁÃwZ
c«¬wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 w`GqGQb eGj aiGZ nGe| AbÅ^vq, Zv ivÓ¡ÇcwZi mÁÃwZ jvf
KiGe bv|” «¼v`k msGkvab AvBGbi ˆÞGò ‰fvGe MYGfvU
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ meÆGkl DwÚwUi h^v^ÆZv weGkÏlY AbywÓ¤Z nq 1991 mvGji 15 AGÙvei| ZGe 2011 mvGj
msweavGbi cç`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg ‘MYGfvU’ eÅeÕ©v
KGiv| 4 evwZj Kiv nq|
cwiGkGl ejv hvq, DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ DwÚwU h^v^Æ I hG^vchyÚ|
9bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K RvZxq msmG`i meÆGgvU Avmb msLÅv 350wU| A

L ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi ejGZ ivÓ¡ÇcË`î ˆmme myGhvM-myweavGK
ˆevSvq hv eÅZxZ bvMwiKG`i eÅwÚGZ½i weKvk mÁ¿e bq|
gvbyGli eÅwÚZ½ I ˆgav weKvGki RbÅ ‰Kv¯¦fvGe AcwinvhÆ ˆh
mKj AwaKvi ivÓ¡Ç KZ‡ÆK ejer nq ˆmBàGjvB ˆgŒwjK
AwaKvi wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡Z| ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi eÅZxZ mfÅ
Rxebhvcb Kiv mÁ¿e bq| mKj MYZvw¯¨K ivGÓ¡ÇB RbMGYi
ˆgŒwjK AwaKvimgƒn ZvG`i kvmbZG¯¨ mw®²GewkZ ^vGK|
MYZvw¯¨K mgvGRi gjƒ wfwî nGjv ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi| A

M DóxcGK evsjvG`k msweavb msGkvaGb M†nxZ weGkl cÉk² 10 ‰KwU ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi RbÅ cÉGqvRb ˆgŒwjK
c«¬wZi K^v ejv nGqGQ|
‰KwU Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg ˆ`Gki kvmbKvR mÁ·v`Gbi gƒj Drm `wjj| ‘K’ ivÓ¡ÇwU Õ¼vaxb nIqvi ‰K eQGii gGaÅ DÚ `wjiwU
nGjv msweavb| ZGe wewf®² ivR‹bwZK, mvgvwRK I A^Æ‹bwZK
cU cwieZÆGbi mvG^ msweavb cwieZÆbI AcwinvhÆ nGq cGo| iwPZ nh| `wjjwUGZ ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi RbÅ ˆekwKQy ŠewkÓ¡Å
evsjvG`Gki msweavb `yÓ·wieZÆbxq cÉK‡wZi| ‰ msweavbGK
weGkl c«¬wZi mvnvGhÅ cwieZÆb Kiv hvq| DGÍÏL AvGQ| ivÓ¡ÇwUi ˆgŒwjK `wjjwU RvZxq cÉGqvRGb
evsjvG`k msweavGbi 142 bs AbyGœQG` msweavb msGkvaGbi
wbw`ÆÓ¡ wbqg iGqGQ| RvZxq msm` AvBGbi «¼viv msweavGbi KGqKevi msGkvab Kiv nGqGQ| wkLbdj-2 I 4
ˆhGKvGbv weavb msGkvab ev iwnZKiY KiGZ cvGib| ‰GÞGò
msweavb msGkvaGbi ˆKvGbv wejB msmG`i weGePbvi RbÅ K. evsjvG`Gki msweavb KZ ZvwiGL KvhKÆ i nq? 1
MÉnY Kiv nGe bv, hw` bv DÚ weGji `xNÆ wkGivbvGg
msweavGbi ˆKvGbv weavb msGkvab Kivi K^v Õ·Ó¡fvGe DGÍÏL L. evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi ‰KwU gƒjbxwZ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
Kiv nq| ‰Qvov Abyi…c wej msmG`i ˆgvU m`mÅ msLÅvi `yB-
Z‡Zxqvsk m`mÅG`i ˆfvGU M†nxZ nGj ZvGZ mÁÃwZ`vGbi RbÅ M. DóxcGK ‘K’ ivÓ¡Ç ejGZ ˆKvb ivGÓ¡Çi BwãZ Kiv
ivÓ¡ÌcwZi KvGQ ˆck KiGZ nq| wejwU ivÓ¡ÌcwZi KvGQ
ˆcÉiGYi mvZ w`Gbi gGaÅ wZwb ZvGZ mÁÃwZ cÉ`vb KiGeb| nGqGQ? DÚ ivÓ¡ÇwUi ˆgŒwjK `wjGji `ywU ŠewkÓ¡Å
mÁÃwZ`vGb Amg^Æ nGj DÚ mvZ w`b ˆgqvG`i AemvGb wZwb
weGj mÁÃwZ w`GqGQb eGj MYÅ nGe| eÅvLÅv Ki| 3

N. DóxcGK DÚ ivÓ¡ÇwUi ˆgŒwjK `wjj msGkvaGbi

ˆhŒwÚKZv weGkÏlY Ki| 4

10bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K evsjvG`Gki msweavb 1972 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i ˆ^GK
KvhKÆ i nq|

N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘msweavb msGkvaGbi AwaKvi ˆKej L MYZG¯¨i cÉwZ A`gÅ Õ·†nvB evOvwj RvwZGK Õ¼vaxbZv
RvZxq msmG`i meÆGkl DwÚwU h^v^Æ| msMÉvGg AbycÉvwYZ KGiwQj| ZvB msweavGb MYZ¯G¨ K ivGÓ¡Çi
evsjvG`k msweavb `yÓ·wieZÆbxq| msweavGb wjwLZ AvGQ ˆh, AbÅZg gƒj Õ¦Á¿ wnGmGe ˆNvlYv Kiv nq| msweavGbi 11 bs
RvZxq msm` msweavGbi ˆhGKvGbv weavbGK msGkvab KiGZ AbyGœQG` ejv nGqGQ, ‘cÉRvZ¯¨ nGe ‰KwU MYZvw¯¨K ivÓ¡Ç|
cvGi| msweavb msGkvaGbi wej msmG`i ˆgvU m`GmÅi A¯¦Z ˆhLvGb ˆgŒwjK gvbevwaKvi I Õ¼vaxbZvi wbøqZv ^vKGe|’
`yB-Z‡Zxqvsk ev msLÅvMwiÓ¤ ˆfvGU M†nxZ nGZ nGe| ‰fvGe cÉkvmGbi meÆÕ¦Gi RbMGYi AskMÉnGYi myGhvM wbwøZ Kiv
nGe| cÉvµ¦ eqÕ•G`i meÆRbxb ˆfvUvwaKvGii gvaÅGg miKvi
wbeÆvwPZ nGe|

8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

M DóxcGK ‘K’ ivÓ¡Ç ejGZ evsjvG`kGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ| cÉk² 11 ˆgwi ˆh ˆ`Gk evm KGi ˆm ˆ`Gki gvbyl iÚvÚ
KviY evsjvG`k Õ¼vaxb nIqvi ‰K eQi ci 1972 mvGj
msweavb cÉYqb Kiv nq ‰es cÉYqGbi ci ˆ^GK RvZxq msMÉvGgi gvaÅGg Õ¼vaxbZv wQwbGq ‰GbGQ| ZvG`i cÉvYwcÉq
cÉGqvRGb 16 evi Zv msGkvabI Kiv nq|
DóxcGK DGÍÏL iGqGQ ‘K’ ivÓ¡ÇwU Õ¼vaxb nIqvi ‰K eQGii ˆbZv m`Å Õ¼vaxb ˆ`Gki kvmbfvi wbGqB msweavGbi ài‚Z½
gGaÅ ˆgŒwjK `wjj iPbv KGi| RvZxq cÉGqvRGb ˆgŒwjK
`wjjwU KGqKevi msGkvab Kiv nq| mzZivs ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Çi Abyaveb KGi KvjwejÁ¼ bv KGi ‘AÕ©vqx msweavb’ AvG`k
ˆgŒwjK `wjj ejGZ ‰LvGb evsjvG`Gki msweavb ˆevSvGbv
iGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi `ywU ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv Kiv Rvwi KGib| Lmov msweavb cÉYqb KwgwU ˆgvU 47wU ŠeVGK

nGjv 300 N¥Ÿv eÅq KGi msweavGbi Lmov P„ov¯¦ KGib| meÆGkl

 wjwLZ msweavb: evsjvG`k msweavb wjwLZ| ‰ msweavGb 1972 mvGji 4 bGfÁ¼i ˆgwii ˆ`Gki msweavb MYcwilG`
153wU AbyGœQ`, 82 c†Ó¤v I 11wU fvGM wefÚ ‰es ‰i
‰KwU cÉÕ¦vebvmn 4wU Zdwmj iGqGQ| M†nxZ nq|  wkLbdj: 1

 `yÓ·wieZÆbxq msweavb: evsjvG`Gki msweavb K. evsjvG`Gki msweavb cÉYqGbi DGóGkÅ MYcwil`
`yÓ·wieZÆbxq| mvaviYZ msmG`i `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk ˆfvGU
msweavGb cÉGqvRbxq msGkvabx cÕÉ ¦ve cvm KivGbv hvq| AvG`k Rvwi nq KLb? 1

N DóxcGK DÚ ivÓ¡ÇwU A^Ævr evsjvG`Gki ˆgŒwjK `wjj L. gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ miKvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å DGÍÏL KGiv| 2
msGkvaGbi ˆhŒwÚKZv weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv-
msweavb nGjv ‰KwU ivGÓ¡Çi `cÆY| ‰GZ ‰KwU RvwZi Rxeb M. DóxcGK ˆgwii ˆ`Gki msweavb cÉYqGbi BwZnvGmi
c«¬wZ gƒZÆ nGq IGV| ‰wiÕ¡Uj eGjGQb, ‘msweavb nGjv ‰gb
‰KwU Rxeb c«¬wZ, hv ivÓ¡Ç Õ¼qs ˆeGQ wbGqGQ’| Rxeb ˆhgb mvG^ ˆKvb ˆ`Gki msweavb cÉYqGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ?
MwZkxj, ivÓ¡ÇI ˆZgwb MwZkxj| gvbe mgvGRi mvgvwRK,
mvsÕ•‡wZK, A^Æ‹bwZK I ivR‹bwZK Rxebavivq ˆh cwieZÆb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
mƒwPZ nq, Zv ˆ^GK ivÓ¡Çxq Rxebaviv wewœQ®² nq bv| dGj
msweavb msGkvaGbi cÉGqvRb nq| evsjvG`Gki RbMGYi N. ‘DÚ ˆ`Gki msweavb wjwLZ nGqGQ jvGLv kwnG`i
Avkv-AvKv›Þvi mvG^ mãwZ ˆiGL 16 evi msweavb msGkvab
Kivi gvaÅGg ivGÓ¡Ç mykvmb cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆPÓ¡v Kiv nGqGQ| iGÚi AÞGi’@ DwÚwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
1971 mvGji gnvb gywÚhGy «¬ hviv weGivwaZv KGiwQj ‰es
gvbeZvweGivax AcivGa Acivax ZvG`i wePvGii cÉGqvRbxqZv 11bs cÉGk²i Dîi
ˆ^GK cÉ^g msGkvabx cvm Kiv nq| bZzb hy«¬wea»Õ¦ ˆ`Gk
k†›Ljv wdwiGq AvbGZ evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcwZGK Ri‚wi AeÕ©v K 1972 mvGji 23 gvPÆ evsjvG`Gki msweavb cÉYqGbi
Rvwii ÞgZv ˆ`Iqv nq w«¼Zxq msGkvabxGZ| msm`xq DGóGkÅ MYcwil` AvG`k Rvwi Kiv nq|
HwZGnÅi Afve, A^Æ‹bwZK msKU, m¯¨vmev`x KvhÆKjvc,
Av¯¦RÆvwZK PKÌv¯¦ I ˆkvlYgyÚ mgvGRi RbÅ PZz^Æ msGkvabx L msweavGbi «¼v`k msGkvabxGZ gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ miKvGii
cvm Kivi gvaÅGg ivÓ¡ÇcwZ kvwmZ kvmbeÅeÕ©v cÉeZÆb Kiv ŠewkÓ¡Å:
nq| K. gw¯¨cwil` cÉRvZG¯¨i wbeÆvnx ÞgZvi AwaKvix| cÉavbg¯¨xi
«¼v`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg msm`xq miKvieÅeÕ©v cyb:ceÉ ZÆb
Kiv nq| hv mykvmGbi RbÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ nGq AvGQ| meGPGq KZ‡ÆGZ½ cÉRvZG¯¨i ÞgZv cÉhyÚ nGe|
eo msGkvabx nGjv cç`k msGkvabx| ‰B msGkvabxi L. gw¯¨cwil` ˆhŒ^fvGe msmG`i wbKU `vqx ^vKGe|
meÆvGcÞv ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ welq nGjv ‰B msGkvabx «¼viv wbeÆvwPZ M. cÉavbg¯¨xi ˆbZG‡ Z½ msMwVZ g¯¨x cwil` nGe| hw`I
eÅwÚ Qvov miKvi cwiPvjbv Kivi AwaKvi KvGiv ˆbB-
msweavGbi ‰B ggÆevYxGK mg®y ²Z ivLv nq| ‰i dGj mykvmb ivÓ¡ÌcwZi bvGg wbeÆvnx ÞgZv Mw† nZ|
cÉwZÓ¤vi c^ cÉkÕ¦ nGqGQ| N. cÉavbg¯¨x gw¯¨cwilG`i ˆbZZ‡ ½ ˆ`Geb| cÉavbg¯¨x ˆhGKvGbv
DcGivÚ AvGjvPbv ˆkGl ejv hvq, evsjvG`Gki ˆgŒwjK `kÆb
Z^v msweavb msGkvab Kiv wQj mgGqi Pvwn`vbyhvqx ˆhŒwÚK mgq ˆKvGbv g¯¨xGK c`ZÅvM KiGZ ejGZ cvGib| ˆKvGbv
wm«¬v¯¦| g¯¨x c`ZÅvM KiGj cÉavbg¯¨x ivÓ¡ÌcwZGK c`ZÅvM cò
MÉnGYi mycvwik KiGZ cvGib|
O. cÉavbg¯¨x c`ZÅvM KiGj ev Õ¼xq cG` envj bv ^vKGj
mKj g¯¨x c`ZÅvM KGiGQb eGj MYÅ nGe|

M DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆgwii ˆ`Gki msweavb cÉYqGbi
BwZnvGmi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki msweavb cÉYqGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
ˆKbbv ˆ`kwU m`Å Õ¼vaxb nGqGQ| ‰KRb wcÉq ˆbZv ‰B m`Å
Õ¼vaxb nIqv ˆ`Gki kvmbfvi nvGZ wbGqB msweavGbi ài‚Z½
Abyaveb KGi AÕ©vqx msweavb AvG`k Rvwi KGib| Lmov
msweavb cÉYqb KwgwU ˆgvU 47wU ŠeVGK 300 N¥Ÿv eÅq KGi
msweavGbi Lmov P„ov¯¦ KGi| meÆGkl 1972 mvGji 4 bGfÁ¼i
‰B msweavb MYcwilG` M†nxZ nq, hv cvVÅeBGqi 1972
mvGji msweavb cÉYqGbi mvG^ üeü mv`†kÅcƒYÆ| wbGP Zv
weÕ¦vwiZfvGe AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
1972 mvGji 17 ‰wcÉj Lmov msweavb cÉYqb KwgwUi cÉ^g
ŠeVK eGm| 1972 mvGji 10 Ryb KwgwU cÉv^wgK Lmov
cÉYqb KGi| ‰ici KwgwUi mfvcwZ W. Kvgvj ˆnvGmb fviZ
I hÚy ivRÅmn wewf®² ˆ`Gk wMGq msweavb weGklæG`i mvG^

evsjvG`Gki msweavb 9

Avjvc-AvGjvPbv KGi msweavb msKÌv¯¦ gƒjÅevb ævb-AwfæZv Zdwmj iGqGQ| msweavGb miKvGii wZbwU ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ
mçq KGib| wefvGMiI DGÍÏL iGqGQ| ZvQvovI mvsweavwbK c` ˆhgb@
1972 mvGji 11 AGÙvei KwgwUi ˆkl ŠeVGK cÉÕ¦vweZ ivÓ¡ÌcwZ, cÉavbg¯¨x, wÕ·Kvi, cÉavb wePvicwZ, AÅvUwbÆ
msweavGbi wewf®² w`K mÁG¼ ®¬ P„ov¯¦ i…c M†nxZ nq| 1972 ˆRbvGij BZÅvw` DGÍÏL iGqGQ|
mvGji 15 wWGmÁ¼i msweavGbi nÕ¦wjwc msÕ•iGY MYcwilG`i 1972 mvGji msweavGb msm`xq ev gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ miKvi
m`mÅMGYi Õ¼vÞi M†nxZ nq| 1972 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i gnvb eÅeÕ©vi cÉeZÆb Kiv nq| evsjvG`k msweavGb ‰K KÞwewkÓ¡
weRq w`em ˆ^GK ‰ msweavb KvhÆKi nq| AvBbmfvi K^v DGÍÏL iGqGQ| ‰i bvg ‘RvZxq msm`’| 300
Rb wbeÆvwPZ m`mÅ ‰es 15 Rb gwnjv m`mÅ wbGq ˆgvU 315
N DÚ ˆ`k A^Ævr ‘evsjvG`Gki msweavb wjwLZ nGqGQ jvGLv Rb m`mÅ wbGq ‘RvZxq msm`’ MwVZ| ‰B msweavb
kwnG`i iGÚi AÞGi|’ DwÚwUi gƒjÅvqb ZyGj aiv nGjv@ `yÓ·wieZÆbxq| RvZxq msmG`i `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk m`GmÅi ˆfvGU
1972 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i gnvb weRq w`emGK h^vGhvMÅ msweavGbi ˆhGKvGbv cwieZÆb, cwieaÆb, msGkvab ev evwZj
ghÆv`v ‰es mÁÃvbGK AviI evwoGq ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ ‰B w`Gb cÉÕ¦ve cvm Kiv hvq| gvbyGli ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi I eÅwÚ
evsjvG`Gki msweavb KvhÆKi Kiv nq| ‰K iÚvÚ msMÉvGgi Õ¼vaxbZv iÞvq wePvi wefvGMi Õ¼vaxbZvB cÉavb iÞvKeP|
ci ‰ ˆ`k Õ¼vaxb nq| evsjvi AKzGZvfq ŠmwbKiv P„ov¯¦ bÅvqcvj cG`i cÉwZÓ¤v evsjvG`k msweavGbi AbÅZg ŠewkÓ¡Å|
weRq wQwbGq AvGb| evsjvG`Gki msweavb ZvB jvGLv kwn` I miKvwi KZ‡ÆcGÞi KvhKÆ Ìg wbiGcÞfvGe Z`¯¦ Kivi RbÅ
exi evOvwji Õ¼µ² I Avkv-AvKv›Þvi cÉwZdjb wnGmGe bÅvqcvGji cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv nq| msweavGb AviI DGÍÏL iGqGQ
weGewPZ nq| cÉavbg¯¨x eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb ‰ ‘RbMYB mKj ivÓ¡Ìxq ÞgZvi Drm|’ RbMY cÉZÅÞfvGe ev
DcjGÞ fvlGY eGjb, ‘‰B msweavb wjwLZ nGqGQ jvGLv cÉwZwbwa wbeÆvPGbi gvaÅGg cGivÞfvGe ivÓ¡Ìxq ÞgZv cwiPvjbv
kwnG`i iGÚi AÞGi|’ AvBbg¯¨x W. Kvgvj ˆnvGmb eGjb, ‘‰ KiGe|
msweavb evOvwj RvwZi Õ¼vaxb mîvi AwfeÅwÚ|’
evsjvG`Gki msweavb wjwLZ `wjj| 153wU AbyGœQ`, 82
c†Ó¤v, 11wU fvGM wefÚ| ‰KwU cÉÕ¦vebvmn ‰ msweavGb 4wU

m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK

 Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² L evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi «¼v`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg msm`xq
miKvieÅeÕ©vi cybtcÉeZÆb Kiv nq| A
cÉk² 12 ‘K’ ˆ`kwU RbMGYi kvmb cÉwZÓ¤vi jGÞÅ ‰KwU msm`xq miKvieÅeÕ©vi gƒj ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv ‰GZ cÉavbg¯¨x
cÉK‡Z ÞgZvi AwaKvix nb| Zvi ˆbZZ‡ ½vaxb gw¯¨cwil`
bZzb msweavb cÉYqb KGi Zv AvBbmfvq cvm KGi| DÚ kvmbKvhÆ cwiPvjbvi gƒj PvwjKvkwÚ wnGmGe MYÅ nq| ZGe ‰
eÅeÕ©vq RvZxq msm`GK mveÆGfŒg ÞgZv ˆ`qv nq ‰es
msweavb AbymvGi ˆ`kwUi RvZxq I Õ©vbxq miKvi eÅeÕ©v gw¯¨mfvi m`mÅMY ‰KK ev ˆhŒ^fvGe RvZxq msmG`i wbKU
`vqx ^vGKb|
RbcÉwZwbwaG`i «¼viv MwVZ nGe| meÆRbxb ˆfvUvwaKvGii
mycvi wUcm& : cGÉ qvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cGÉ k²i DîGii RGbÅ Abyi…c
wfwîGZ RbcÉwZwbwa wbeÆvPGbi eÅeÕ©v ivLv nq ‰es wePvi ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe

wefvGMi Rbej kvmb wefvGMi gvaÅGg wbGqvGMi weavb ivLv M evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi A¯¦fÆyÚ meÆRbxb ˆfvUvwaKvGii
welqwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|
nq| wkLbdj-1 I 2 [wbD Mft wWMÉx KGjR, ivRkvnx]
N evsjvG`k msweavGbi weGkl weGkl ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv AvGjvPbv
K. evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi cÉ^g msGkvabx AvBGbi KGiv|

DGókÅ Kx wQj? 1

L. evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi «¼v`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg

cÉewZÆZ miKvi eÅeÕ©v msGÞGc eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2

M. ‘K’ ˆ`kwUi msweavGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki

msweavGbi gƒj mv`†kÅwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3

N. ‘K’ ˆ`kwUi Zzjbvq evsjvG`Gki msweavb Kx Dîg?

DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4

12bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi cÉ^g msGkvabx AvBGbi DGókÅ
wQj hy«¬vcivaxmn AbÅvbÅ gvbeZvweGivax AcivaxG`i wePvi
wbwøZ Kiv|

cçg AaÅvq

evsjvG`Gki miKvi I cÉkvmwbK KvVvGgv

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGkv² îi

cÉk²1 Rwj miKvGii ‰gb ‰KwU wefvGMi cÉavb,ˆh 3. Ki avhÆ ev gIKzd: Ki avhÆ ev gIKzGdi w`K ˆ^GKI
Rwji ˆ`Gki AvBb wefvGMi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki AvBb wefvGMi
wefvM ˆ`k cwiPvjbvi RbÅ bZzb bZzb AvBb cÉYqb KGi ‰es KvGRi wgj iGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki RvZxq msmG`i AbyGgv`b
eÅZxZ ˆKvGbv Ki avhÆ Kiv hvq bv ‰es ˆKvGbv eÅqI Kiv
miKvGii Avq-eÅq wbaÆviY KGi| DÚ wefvGMi AbyGgv`b mÁ¿e nq bv|
4. wbeÆvnx wefvGMi Dci KZ‡ÆZ½: Rwji ˆ`Gki wbeÆvnÆx wefvM
eÅZxZ Ki avhÆ ev gIKzd Kiv hvq bv| wbeÆvnx wefvMI DÚ Zvi KvGRi RbÅ AvBb wefvGMi wbKU `vqx| evsjvG`Gki
AvBb wefvGMi KvGRi mvG^ ‰ welGqI wgj iGqGQ|
wefvGMi wbKU `vqx|  wkLbdj: 1 [Xv. ˆev. 2016] evsjvG`Gki kvmb wefvM ev wbeÆvnx wefvGMi hveZxq KvhÆ
RvZxq msm` KZ‡ÆK wbqw¯¨Z nq| gw¯¨mfv meÆcÉKvi KvGRi
K. Awfksmb Kx? 1 RbÅ RvZxq msmG`i wbKU `vqx|

L. wePvi wefvMxq chvÆ GjvPbv ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 N Rwj AvBb wefvGMi cÉavb Z^v wÕ·Kvi| ‘Rwji h^vh^
f„wgKv cvjGbi IciB AvBb wefvGMi mdjZv wbfÆikxj’ Avwg
M. DóxcGK Rwj miKvGii ˆh wefvGMi m`mÅ ˆmwUi ‰ eÚGeÅi mvG^ ‰KgZ| wbGP ‰ mÁ·GKÆ hwy Ú ˆ`LvGbv
nGjv@
KvhKÆ ÌGgi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki ˆKvb wefvGMi KvGRi 1. kc^ MÉnY: msm` m`mÅiv msmG`i cÉvY| cÉwZwU msm`
m`mÅB AvBb cÉGYZv| ZvG`i mwVK I hyGMvcGhvMx AvBb
wgj AvGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 cÉYqGbi DciB ˆ`Gki D®²qb I k†›Ljv wbfÆi KGi| Avi ‰B
msm` m`mÅG`i kc^ MÉnY Kivb wÕ·Kvi|
N. ‘Rwji h^vh^ f„wgKv cvjGbi IciB H wefvGMi 2. KvwÕ¡s ˆfvU: wÕ·KvGii ˆfvUGK KvwÕ¡s ˆfvU ejv nq|
AvBbmfvq ˆh AvBb cvm nq Zvi cGÞ-wecGÞ msm` m`mÅiv
mdjZv wbfÆikxj’@ Zzwg wK ‰KgZ? hywÚ `vI| 4 Ask wbGq ^vGK| ‰GZ AGbK mgq ‰gb cwiwÕ©wi D«¿e nq
ˆh, cÞ-wecÞ mgvb ˆfvU w`GqGQ| ZLb ‰K cGÞ ˆfvU w`Gq
1bs cÉGk²i Dîi wÕ·Kvi Zvi gxgvsmv KGib, hv KvwÕ¡s ˆfvU bvGg cwiwPZ|
KvwÕ¡s ˆfvGUi gvaÅGg wÕ·Kvi msmG` weevG`i gxgvsmv KGi
K Awfksmb nGjv mvsweavwbK cG`i AwaKvix ˆKvGbv ^vGKb|
eÅwÚGK c`PzÅZ Kiv nGe wK bv ˆm DcjGÞÅ AvGqvwRZ 3. KvhcÆ ÉYvwj wbq¯¨Y: ˆh wewa «¼viv msm` cwiPvwjZ nq ZvB
msm`xq wePvi| KvhcÆ ÉYvwj wewa| Avi KvhcÆ ÉYvwj wewa wbq¯¨Y KGib wÕ·Kvi|
myZivs, wÕ·KvGii h^vh^ f„wgKv cvjGbi DciB AvBb
L AvBbmfv cÉYxZ AvBb I kvmb wefvM KZƆK M†nxZ wefvGMi mdjZv wbfÆikxj|
wm«¬v¯¦ msweavGbi mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ wK bv Zv wePvi wefvM 4. ivÓ¡ÈcwZi AbycwÕ©wZGZ `vwqZ½ cvjb: ivÓ¡ÈcwZi
cixÞv-wbixÞv KGi ˆ`GL| hw` AvBbwU ev wm«¬v¯¦wU AbycwÕ©wZGZ ev Zvi AmvgG^ÅÆi ˆÞGò ivÓ¡ÈcwZi KvGRi
msweavGbi mvG^ AmvgémÅcƒYÆ gGb nq ZGe wePvi wefvM Zv `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib wÕ·Kvi| myZivs, welqwU mnGRB AbyGgq
evwZj KGi w`GZ cvGi| wePvi wefvGMi ‰ ÞgZvGK wePvi ˆh, ivÓ¡ÈcwZi AvBb msKÌv¯¦ KvhvÆ ewj ivÓ¡ÈcwZi AbycwÕ©wZGZ
wefvMxq chvÆ GjvPbv eGj AvLÅvwqZ Kiv nq| wÕ·Kvi mÁ·v`b KGi ^vGKb| dGj AvBb wefvGMi mdjZv
wbwøZ nq|
M DóxcGK Rwj miKvGii ˆh wefvGMi m`mÅ ˆmwUi cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, ‘Rwji h^vh^ f„wgKv cvjGbi IciB
KvhKÆ ÌGgi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki AvBb wefvGMi KvGRi wgj AvBb wefvGMi mdjZv wbfÆikxj’|
AvGQ| wbGP welqwU eÅvLÅv Kiv nGjv :
1. AvBb cÉYqb: DóxcGKi Rwj Zvi ˆ`Gki ˆh wefvGMi
cÉavb ˆm wefvM bZzb bZzb AvBb cÉYqb KGi| evsjvG`Gki
AvBb wefvMI AvBb msKÌv¯¦ bvbvwea KvhvÆ w` mÁ·v`b KGi
^vGK| evsjvG`Gki mKj cÉKvi AvBb cÉYqGbi `vwqZ½ AvBb
wefvM Z^v RvZxq msmG`i wbKU bÅÕ¦|
2. miKvGii Avq-eÅq wbaÆviY: miKvGii Avq-eÅq wbaÆviY
msKÌv¯¦ KvhÆvw` mÁ·v`Gb evsjvG`k RvZxq msmG`i ÞgZv I
KZ‡ÆZ½ AGbK| RvZxq msm` RvZxq ZnweGji iÞK I
AwffveK| cÉGZÅK A^Æ eQGii ÷i‚GZ H eQGii RbÅ AbywgZ
Avq-eÅGqi weeiY ev evGRU RvZxq msmG` ˆck KGi AvBb
wefvM| Z`Ë…c Rwj Zvi ˆ`Gki ˆh wefvGMi cÉavb ˆmB
wefvGMi KvRI nGjv miKvGii Avq-eÅvq wbaÆviY Kiv|

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

cÉk² 2 ‘M’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi AvBbmfv 500 m`mÅwewkÓ¡| 300 Rb DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ‘M’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi AvBbmfv MwVZ nq 500
m`mÅ wbGq| ‰i gGaÅ 300 Rb m`mÅ ˆfvUviG`i cÉZÅÞ
m`mÅ ˆfvUviG`i cÉZÅÞ ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ nq| 100 Rb ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ nq| 100 Rb msiwÞZ gwnjv m`mÅ gwnjv
ˆfvUviG`i ˆfvGU ‰es 100 Rb msLÅvjNy I DcRvwZ m`mÅ
msiwÞZ gwnjv m`mÅ gwnjv ˆfvUviG`i ˆfvGU ‰es 100 Rb RbmsLÅvi msLÅvbycvGZ mswkÏÓ¡ ˆfvUviG`i ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ
nq| cÞv¯¦Gi, evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfv MwVZ nq 350 Rb
msLÅvjNy I DcRvwZ m`mÅ RbmsLÅvi msLÅvbycvGZ mswkÏÓ¡ m`mÅ wbGq| ‰i gGaÅ 300 Rb m`mÅ ˆfvUviG`i cÉZÅÞ
ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ nq| 50 Rb msiwÞZ gwnjv msm` m`mÅG`i
ˆfvUviG`i ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ nq|  wkLbdj: 1 [iv. ˆev. 2016] gGbvbqGbi gvaÅGg wbevÆwPZ nq| ‰LvGb msLÅvjNy I DcRvwZ
m`mÅG`i Avjv`vfvGe wbevwÆ PZ nIqvi myGhvM ˆbB| ‰GZ KGi
K. msweavGbi ˆKvb AbyGœQG` evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfv evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfvq msLÅvjNy I DcRvwZ ‰jvKvq
RbmsLÅv AbycvGZ RbcÉwZwbwaZ½ Kivi myGhvM Kg| A^P
MVGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ? 1 msLÅvjNy, DcRvwZ, wcwQGq cov RbGMvÓ¤xG`i AMÉmi ˆMvÓ¤xi
Zzjbvq ˆewk myGhvM ˆ`qvi weavb ^vKv DwPZ wQj|
L. ˆKvivg ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 myZivs ‰wU ejv AwaK hwy ÚhÚy ˆh, Avgvi ˆ`Gki Z^v
evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfvi Zzjbvq DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ AvBbmfvwU
M. ‘M’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi AvBbmfvi mvG^ ˆZvgvi ˆ`Gki AwaKZi cÉwZwbwaZ½gƒjK|

AvBbmfvi MVb c«¬wZi Kx Kx mv`†kÅ I Šemv`†kÅ

iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3

N. ˆZvgvi ˆ`Gki AvBbmfvi Zzjbvq DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ

AvBbmfvwU AwaKZi cÉwZwbwaZg½ ƒjK| DwÚwUi

h^v^ÆZv wbiƒcY KGiv| 4

2bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K msweavGbi 65 bs AbyGœQG` evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfv cÉk² 3 ‰KwU msMVGbi mfvcwZ mvaviY mÁ·v`GKi
MVGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ|

L ˆKvivg ejGZ mywbw`ÆÓ¡ msLÅK m`GmÅi DcwÕ©wZGK mvG^ civgkÆKÌGg wewf®² cG` wbGqvM `vb KGib| mfvcwZi
ˆevSvq| KgcGÞ 60 Rb m`GmÅi DcwÕ©wZGZ evsjvG`Gki
AvBbmfv Z^v RvZxq msmG`i KvhKÆ Ìg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| bvGg msMVbwUi KvhÆKÌg cwiPvwjZ nGjI mvaviY mÁ·v`KB
KgcGÞ 60 Rb msm` m`mÅ ŠeVGK DcwÕ©Z bv nGj wÕ·Kvi
msmG`i ŠeVK Õ©wMZ ivGLb wKsev gƒjZzwe ˆNvlYv KGib| gƒjZ hveZxq KvhvÆ ewji mdjZv-eÅ^ÆZvi RbÅ `vqe«¬|

mvaviY mÁ·v`K msMVbwUi ˆbZZ‡ ½ cÉ`vb KiGjI ‰i

M ‘M’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi AvBbmfvi mvG^ Avgvi ˆ`Gki Z^v m`mÅG`i wei‚G«¬ M†nxZ kvwÕ¦gƒjK eÅeÕ©v mfvcwZ nËvm-e†w«¬
evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfvi MVb c«¬wZi ˆek wKQz welGq mv`†kÅ
I Šemv`†kÅ jÞ Kiv hvq| ev iwnZ KiGZ cvGib|  wkLbdj: 4 I 6 [iv. ˆev. 2016]
mv`†kÅmgƒn : ‘M’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi AvBbmfv I evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfv
Dfq AvBbmfvi 300 Rb KGi m`mÅ RbMGYi cÉZÅÞGfvGU K. ˆKvb msGkvabxi gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gk msm`xq miKvi
wbevÆwPZ nq| m`mÅ msÅLÅvi ZviZgÅ ^vKGjI gwnjv
m`mÅG`i msiwÞZ AvmGb wbevÆwPZ nIqvi weavb iGqGQ| eÅeÕ©v cybtcÉewZZÆ nq? 1
Šemv`†kÅmgƒn : ‘M’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi AvBbmfv MwVZ nq 500 m`mÅ
wbGq| ‰i gGaÅ 300 Rb m`mÅ ˆfvUviG`i cÉZÅÞ ˆfvGU L. Awfksmb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
wbeÆvwPZ nq| 100 Rb msiwÞZ gwnjv m`mÅ gwnjv
ˆfvUviG`i ˆfvGU ‰es 100 Rb msLÅvjNy I DcRvwZ m`mÅ M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ msMVbwUi mvaviY mÁ·v`K cG`i
RbmsLÅvi msLÅvbycvGZ mswkÏÓ¡ ˆfvUviG`i ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ
nq| cÞv¯¦Gi, evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfv MwVZ nq 350 Rb mvG^ ˆZvgvi ˆ`Gki kvmb wefvGMi ˆKvb
m`mÅ wbGq| ‰i gGaÅ 300 Rb m`mÅ ˆfvUviG`i cÉZÅÞ
ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ nq| 50 Rb msiwÞZ gwnjv msm` m`mÅG`i c`vwaKvixi mv`†kÅ cvIqv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
gGbvbqGbi gvaÅGg wbevÆwPZ nq| ‰LvGb msLÅvjNy I DcRvwZ
m`mÅG`i Avjv`vfvGe wbevwÆ PZ nIqvi myGhvM ˆbB| N. DóxcGKi mfvcwZi mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ ˆZvgvi
myZivs ejv hvq, ‘M’ ivÓ¡ÈwUi AvBbmfvi mvG^ Avgvi ˆ`Gki
Z^v evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfvi MVb c«¬wZi ˆek wKQz welGq ˆ`Gki wbqgZvw¯¨K cÉavGbi kvwÕ¦gƒjK eÅeÕ©v
mv`†kÅ I Šemv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
cybtweGePbvi ÞgZv bÅvqwePvi cÉwZÓ¤vq mnvqK|

Zzwg wK ‰ eÚeÅ mg^bÆ KGiv? hywÚ `vI| 4

N Avgvi ˆ`Gki Z^v evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfvi Zzjbvq 3bs cÉGk²i Dîi
DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ AvBbmfvwU AwaKZi cÉwZwbwaZg½ ƒjK| Avwg
gGb Kwi DwÚwU h^v^Æ| K «¼v`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gk msm`xq miKvi
eÅeÕ©v cybtcÉewZZÆ nq|

L Awfksmb ejGZ mvsweavwbK cG`i AwaKvix ˆKvGbv
eÅwÚGK c`PzÅZ Kiv nGe wKbv ˆm DcjGÞÅ AvGqvwRZ
msm`xq wePviGK ˆevSvq|

msweavGbi ˆKvGbv aviv j›Nb, ài‚Zi Aciva ev Am`vPiGYi
RbÅ A^ev Š`wnK I gvbwmK AÞgZvi KviGY RvZxq msm`
mvsweavwbK cG`i AwaKvix eÅwÚGK msmG`i `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk
ˆfvGUi mg^ÆGb Awfksmb KiGZ cvGi|

evsjvG`Gki miKvi I cÉkvmwbK KvVvGgv 3

M DóxcGK DwÍwÏ LZ msMVbwUi mvaviY mÁ·v`K cG`i K. evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfvi bvg Kx? 1

mvG^ Avgvi ˆ`Gki kvmb wefvGMi c`vwaKvix cÉavbg¯¨xi L. wePvi wefvGMi wbiGcÞZv I AvGcvlnxbZv ejGZ Kx

mv`†kÅ cvIqv hvq| ˆevSvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvq, msMVGbi mfvcwZ mvaviY mÁ·v`GKi
mvG^ civgkÆKÌGg wewf®² cG` wbGqvM `vb KGib| mfvcwZi M. Rbve e`i DwóGbi KvGRi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki kvmb
bvGg msMVbwUi KvhÆKÌg cwiPvwjZ nGjI mvaviY mÁ·v`KB
gƒjZ hveZxq KvhvÆ ewji mdjZv-eÅ^ÆZvi RbÅ `vqe«¬| wefvGMi ˆKvb eÅwÚi wgj AvGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq, DóxcGKi DÚ KvGRi bÅvq
evsjvG`Gki kvmbwefvGMi c`vwaKvix cÉavbg¯¨x Abyi…c KvhvÆw` N. Rbve e`i Dwób I Rbve Kvgiä‚ vgvGbi KvGRi
mÁ·v`b KGi ^vGKb| ˆhgb: evsjvG`Gki mKj wbevnÆ x ÞgZv
ivÓ¡ÈcwZi bvGg cwiPvwjZ nGjI evÕ¦Ge ‰i cÉGqvGMi KZ‡ÆZ½ aviv evsjvG`Gki kvmb wefvGMi AvGjvGK
cÉavbg¯¨xi nvGZ bÅÕ¦| ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉavbg¯¨x wbGqvM I cÉavb
wePvicwZ wbGqvM eÅZxZ mKj mKj KvR cÉavbg¯¨xi ZzjbvgƒjK weGklY KGiv| 4
civgkÆgGZv mÁ·v`b KGib| cÉavbg¯¨x wbGR gw¯¨mfvi
m`mÅMGYi gvaÅGg wKsev cÉRvZG¯¨i KgÆPvixG`i gvaÅGg 4bs cÉGk²i Dîi
evsjvG`Gki wbeÆvnx ÞgZv cÉGqvM KGib| DœP c`Õ© KgÆPvix K evsjvG`Gki AvBbmfvi bvg RvZxq msm`|
wbGqvM, AvBGb mÁÃwZ `vb, AaÅvG`k Rvwi, `í gIKzd ev
nËvm BZÅvw` mKj KvGR ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉavbg¯¨xi civgkÆ MÉnY L wePviKvhÆ mÁ·v`bKvGj wePviKMY hLb `jgGZi DGa»Æ
KGib| DGV bÅvqwePvGii Õ¼vG^Æ w«¼avnxb wPGî wePviKvhÆ mÁ·v`b KGib
ZvB wePvi wefvGMi wbiGcÞZv I AvGcvknxbZv|

N DóxcGKi mfvcwZi mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ Avgvi ˆ`Gki ˆKvGbv `j ev eÅwÚi ˆjRyoe†wî bv nGq, wKsev fq bv KGi ev
AG^Æi cÉGjvfGb cÉGjvwfZ bv nGq, kwÚ I ÞgZvi KvGQ bZ bv
wbqgZvw¯¨K cÉavb Z^v ivÓ¡ÈcwZi kvwÕ¦gƒjK eÅeÕ©v nGq wePviKMY hLb wePviKvhÆ mÁ·v`b KGib ZvB wePvi
cybtweGePbvi ÞgZv bÅvqwePvi cÉwZÓ¤vq mnvqK Avwg ‰ wefvGMi wbiGcÞZv I AvGcvknxbZv| wePvi wefvGMi
wbiGcÞZv I AvGcvknxbZvi dGj mgvR I ivGÓ¡È bÅvqwePvi
eÚeÅGK mg^Æb Kwi| wbGP ‰ mÁ·GKÆ hywÚ ˆ`LvGbv nGjv- cÉwZÓ¤vi c^ cÉkÕ¦ nq, RbRxeGb AvGm k†›Ljv|
evsjvG`k msweavGbi 49 bs AbyGœQG` ivÓ¡ÈcwZi Þgv
cÉ`kÆGbi AwaKvi mÁ·GKÆ ejv nGqGQ| DÚ AbyGœQG` ejv M DóxcGKi Rbve e`i DwóGbi KvGRi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki
kvmb wefvGMi ivÓ¡ÈcwZi wgj AvGQ|
nGqGQ ˆh, ˆKvGbv Av`vjZ, UÇvBeyÅbvj ev AbÅGKvGbv KZ‡ÆcÞ
KZ‡ÆK cÉ`î ˆhGKvGbv `Gíi gvRÆbv, wejÁ¼b I weivg géyi DóxcGKi Rbve e`i Dwób I Rbve Kvgiä‚ vgvb `yRGbB
Kievi ‰es ˆh ˆKvGbv `í gIKzd, Õ©wMZ ev nËvm Kievi mÁÃvbRbK cG` AwawÓ¤Z AvGQb | Rbve e`i DwóGbi bvGg
miKvGii mKj wbevnxÆ ÞgZv M†nxZ nGjI wZwb ˆKvGbv
ÞgZv ivÓ¡ÈcwZi ^vKGe| ivÓ¡ÈcwZi ‰B Þgv cÉ`kÆGbi ˆÞGòB Õ¼vaxb BœQv eÅenvi KiGZ cvGi bv| ‰gbwK DœPcG`
AwaKvi bÅvqwePvi cÉwZÓ¤vi mnvqK| ˆKbbv AGbK mgq fzGj wbGqvM`vGbi ˆÞGòI ZvGK Rbve Kvgi‚ävgvGbi mvG^ civgkÆ
KiGZ nq| «¼v`k msGkvabxi gvaÅGg ivÓ¡ÈcwZi ÞgZvGK nËvm
ev ivR‹bwZKfvGe cÉfvweZ nGq ev ügwK I fxwZ ˆ^GK Kiv nGqGQ| wbevÆnx wefvGMi hveZxq KvR I ÞgZv ivÓ¡ÈcwZi
evPuGZ, AG^Æi cÉGjvfGb wKsev AvBGbi AceÅvLÅv w`Gq, DchyÚ bvGg cwiPvwjZ nGjI evÕ¦Ge ‰i cÉGqvGMi KZ‡ÆZ½ cÉavbg¯¨xi
mvÞÅ cÉgvGYi AfvGe wePviKMY ivq w`Gq ^vGKb| dGj nvGZ bÅÕ¦| ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉavbg¯¨x wbGqvM I cÉavb wePvicwZ
wbGqvM eÅZxZ mKj KvR cÉavbg¯¨xi civgkÆgGZv mÁ·v`b
cÉK‡Z Acivax kvwÕ¦i AvovGj-AveWvGj ^vGKb ‰es wbiciva KGib| cÉavbg¯¨x wbGR gw¯¨mfvi m`mÅMGYi gvaÅGg wKsev
eÅwÚ mvRv cvb| ‰Gnb fzj msGkvab Kivi jGÞÅ ivÓ¡ÈcwZi cÉRvZG¯¨i KgÆPvixG`i gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gki wbevnÆ x ÞgZv
cybtweGePbv ÞgZv mwZÅKvi AG^ÆB bÅvqwePvi cÉwZÓ¤vi cÉGqvM KGib| DœP c`Õ© KgÆPvix wbGqvM, AvBGb mÁÃwZ `vb,
AaÅvG`k Rvwi, `í gIKzd ev nËvm BZÅvw` mKj KvGR
mnvqK| ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉavbg¯¨xi civgkÆ MÉnY KGib|
myZivs DóxcGKi mfvcwZi mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ Avgvi ˆ`Gki
wbqgZvw¯¨K cÉavb Z^v ivÓ¡ÈcwZi kvwÕ¦gƒjK eÅeÕ©v DcwiDÚ AvGjvPbv ˆ^GK ejv hvq, DóxcGKi Rbve e`i
DwóGbi KvGRi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki kvmb wefvGMi ivÓ¡ÈcwZi
cybtweGePbvi ÞgZv bÅvqwePvi cÉwZÓ¤vq mnvqK ‰Uv wgj AvGQ|
wbtmG±`Gn hywÚhÚy |

cÉk² 4 ‰KwU ivGÓ¡È `y’wU mÁÃvbRbK cG` AwawÓ¤Z AvGQb N Rbve e`i Dwób I Rbve Kvgiä‚ vgvGbi KvGRi aviv
evsjvG`Gki kvmb wefvGMi `yB KYÆavi cÉavbg¯¨x I ivÓ¡ÈcwZi
Rbve e`i Dwób I Rbve Kvgiä‚ vgvb| Rbve e`i DwóGbi mvG^ Zzjbxq|
evsjvG`Gk msm`xq miKvi eÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb| ‰ eÅeÕ©vq
bvGg miKvGii mKj wbevnx ÞgZv M†nxZ nGjI wZwb ˆKvGbv kvmbwefvGMi cÉK‡Z cÉavb nGjb cÉavbg¯¨x Avi bvg gvò cÉavb
nGjb ivÓ¡ÈcwZ| ZvB kvmb wefvGMi hveZxq KvR I ÞgZv
ˆÞGòB Õ¼vaxb BœQv eÅenvi KiGZ cvGi bv| ‰gbwK DœPcG`

wbGqvM`vGbi ˆÞGòI ZvGK Rbve Kvgi‚ävgvGbi mvG^ civgkÆ

KiGZ nq|  wkLbdj: 4 I 6 [h. ˆev. 2016]

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

ivÓ¡ÈcwZi bvGg cwiPvwjZ nGjI evÕ¦Ge ‰i cÉGqvGMi KZ‡ÆZ½ ‰es Abyi…c DG`ÅvM ev mswewae«¬ KgÆmn ˆKvGbv AvBGbi
«¼viv ev Aaxb miKvGii Dci bÅÕ¦ ev miKvGii «¼viv
cÉavbg¯¨xi nvGZ bÅÕ¦| ˆhgb :
 g¯¨x, cÉwZg¯¨x, Dcg¯¨x, ivGÓ¡Èi DœP c`Õ© KgÆKZvÆG`i cwiPvwjZ ˆKvGbv mÁ·wîi ARÆb, cÉkvmb, eÅeÕ©vcbv I
wbGqvM, weG`Gk ivÓ¡È`ƒZ wbGqvM BZÅvw` cÉavbg¯¨xi civgkÆ wewj-eÅeÕ©vi K^v ejv nGqGQ|

ˆgvZvGeK ivÓ¡ÈcwZ eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KGib| M ˆiGRvqvGbi ‰jvKvi ˆh Õ©vbxq miKvGii K^v DGÍÏL Kiv

 ivÓ¡ÈcwZ msmG` wbevÆwPZ msLÅvMwiÓ¤ `Gji cÉavbGK nGqGQ Zv nGjv ˆRjv cÉkvmb|

cÉavbg¯¨xi…Gc wbGqvM KGib| DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ˆiGRvqvb mgy`Ë DcK„Gj evm

 ˆKvGbv KviGY RvZxq msm` evGRU cvm KiGZ Amg^Æ nGj KGi| 2007 mvGj wmWGi Zvi ‰jvKvq eÅvcK ÞwZ nq|
ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉavbg¯¨xi civgkÆKÌGg 60 w`b ˆgqvG`i RbÅ ivÕ¦vNvU PjvPGji AbycGhvMx nGq hvq| weGkl KGi wkÞv
mshyÚ Znwej nGZ A^Æ géyi KiGZ cvGib|
cÉwZÓ¤vGbi eÅvcK ÞwZ nq| ‰ mKj mgmÅv mgvavGbi RbÅ
 evsjvG`k msweavGbi beg K-fvGMi 141 bs AbyGœQ` ˆRjvi mGevÆ œP cÉkvmwbK KgÆKZÆvi wbKU ‰KwU AvGe`b
Abyhvqx evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÈcwZGK Ri‚wi AeÕ©v ˆNvlYvi RvbvGbv nq| AvGe`Gbi ˆcÉwÞGZ KZƆcÞ mgmÅvàGjv

ÞgZv ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| hy«¬ ev AbÅ ˆ`k KZ‡ÆK AvKvÌ ¯¦ nGj mgvavGbi eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KGib| cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbv gGZ, ˆRjv

ev Afů¦ixY ˆMvjGhvGMi KviGY ˆ`Gki wbivcîv ev kvw¯¦ cÉkvmGbi MwVZ nq ‰KRb ˆWcywU Kwgkbvi (wWwm) I Zvi

webÓ¡ nIqvi DcKÌg nGj ivÓ¡ÈcwZ Ri‚wi AeÕ©v ˆNvlYv AaÕ¦b AbÅvbÅ KgÆKZvÆG`i wbGq| evsjvG`Gki gvV chvGÆ qi

KiGZ cvGib| ZGe ‰ ˆÞGò ˆNvlYvi cƒGeÆB cÉavbg¯¨xi AbÅZg cÉavb Õ¦i ‰B ˆRjv cÉkvmb| ˆRjv cÉkvmGbi cÉavb

AybGgv`b wbGZ nq| msm` AwaGekb bv ^vKGj AwaGekb nGjb wWwm| wZwb ˆRjv cÉkvmGbi wewf®² `µ¦Gii gGaÅ ‰es

nGj ZLb Zv cvm KwiGq wbGZ nq| AaÕ¦b DcGRjvi gGaÅ KvGRi mg¯¼q mvab KGib| ˆRjv
cwiGkGl ejv hvq ˆh, Rbve e`i Dwób I Rbve cÉkvmbGK ˆK±`Ê KGiB mgMÉ ˆRjvi cÉkvmb cwiPvwjZ I
Kvgi‚ävgvGbi KvGRi aviv evsjvG`Gki kvmb wefvGMi `yB AvewZÆZ nq|
KYÆavi cÉavbg¯¨x I ivÓ¡ÈcwZi mvG^ Zzjbxq|
N ˆiGRvqvGbi AvGe`b Zvi ‰jvKvi mgmÅv mgvavGbi
cÉk² 5 ˆiGRvqvb mg`y Ë DcK„Gj evm KGi| 2007 mvGj mnvqK wQj| Avwg ‰ DwÚi mvG^ ‰KgZ|

wmWGi Zvi ‰jvKvq eÅvcK ÞwZ nq| ivÕ¦vNvU PjvPGji ˆiGRvqvb AvGe`b KGiwQj ˆRjv cÉkvmGbi mGevÆœP cÉkvmwbK
AbycGhvMx nGq hvq| weGkl KGi wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vGbi eÅvcK ÞwZ KZvÆ ˆWcywU Kwgkbvi ev ˆRjv cÉkvmK ev wWwmi KvGQ|
nq| ‰ mKj mgmÅv mgvavGbi RbÅ ˆRjvi mGevÆ œP cÉkvmwbK ˆWcywU Kwgkbvi AbÅvbÅ KvGRi mvG^ Lv`Å I `yGhvMÆ
KgÆKZvÆ i wbKU ‰KwU AvGe`b RvbvGbv nq| AvGe`Gbi eÅeÕ©vcbv msKÌv¯¦ KvhvÆw`I mÁ·v`b KGi ^vGKb, hv
ˆcÉwÞGZ KZƆcÞ mgmÅvàGjv mgvavGbi eÅeÕ©v MnÉ Y KGib| wkLˆbidGjR:vq16vGb[hi. ˆmegv.m20Åv1m6]gvavGbi mvG^ mÁ·†Ú|
K. AaÅvG`k Rvwi KGib ˆKb? 1
L. cÉkvmwbK UÇvBeyÅbvj ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq, ˆRjv cÉkvmK Lv`ÅkmÅ msMÉn
‰es à`vgRvZKiGY mnvqZv KGi ^vGKb| Lv`ÅkGmÅi gƒjÅ
M. ˆiGRvqvGbi ‰jvKvi ˆh Õ©vbxq miKvi DGÍÏL Kiv wÕ©wZkxjZv I jvBGm´Ö cÉ`vb, Lv`Å wbivcîv MGo ˆZvjv ‰es
LvG`Å ˆfRvj cÉwZGivGa ˆgvevBj ˆKvUÆ cwiPvjbv KGi ^vGKb|
nGqGQ Zvi MVb KvVvGgv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 `yGhvÆM I eÅeÕ©vcbv msKÌv¯¦ Õ©vqx AvG`k I bxwZgvjv, wewf®²
cwiPqcò, cÉævcb, AvG`k I wbG`Ækbv Abyhvqx `yGhvÆMKvjxb
N. ˆiGRvqvGbi AvGe`b Zvi ‰jvKvi mgmÅv mgvavGbi eÅeÕ©vcbv I òvY KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv KGi ^vGKb ˆRjv
cÉkvmK| `yGhvÆGM ÞwZMÉÕ¦ ‰jvKv ZvrÞwYK cwi`kÆb, `wiG`Ëi
mnvqK wQj? Zzwg wK ‰KgZ? DîGii Õ¼cGÞ hywÚ RbÅ KgÆmsÕ©vb ŠZwi I evÕ¦evqb, wfwR‰d/wfwRwW evÕ¦evqb
BZÅvw` KvhvÆw` mÁ·v`b KGib|
`vI| 4
5bs cÉGk²i Dîi

K ˆ`Gk msm` AvGQ wK¯§ msm` AwaGekb ˆbB, ‰gZveÕ©vq

ˆ`Gki Ri‚wi cÉGqvRGb ivÓ¡ÈcwZ AaÅvG`k Rvwi KGib|

L evsjvG`Gki wePvi wefvGMi ‰KwU Awfbe I ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ myZivs ˆiGRvqvGbi AvGe`b Zvi ‰jvKvi mgmÅv mgvavGbi
c`GÞc nGjv cÉkvmwbK UÇvBeyÅbvj| mnvqK wQj ‰RbÅ ˆh, ˆiGRvqvb ˆhKviGY AvGe`b KGiwQj

‰wU cÉPwjZ wePvi eÅeÕ©vi evBGi MwVZ weGkl wePvi Zv ˆRjv cÉkvmGKi KvGRiB A¯¦fzÆÚ wQj|
eÅeÕ©v| evsjvG`Gki msweavGb ‰ aiGYi wePvi eÅeÕ©v
cÉwZÓ¤vi K^v ejv nGqGQ| msweavGbi 117 (1) bs AbyGœQG` cÉk² 6 ivwdb Zvi evevi mvG^ ˆUwjwfkGb evGRU
ejv nGqGQ, ‘ RvZxq msm` AvBGbi «¼viv ‰K ev ‰KvwaK AwaGekb ˆ`LwQj| evGRU AvGjvPbvq msm` m`mÅMY A^Æg¯¨x
cÉkvmwbK UÇvBeyÅbvj cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ cviGe|” msweavGbi 117 gGnv`qGK wewf®² cÉk² KiwQGjb| wZwb me cÉGk²i Reve
(1) (K) I (L) bs AbyGœQG` A^Æ`í ev AbÅ`ímn cÉRvZG¯¨i w`wœQGjb| ivwdb Zvi evevGK wRGæm Kij, A^Æg¯x¨ wK
KGgÆ wbhyÚ eÅwÚG`i KGgÆi kZÆvejx; ˆhGKvGbv ivÓ¡vqvî msm` m`mÅG`i cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ evaÅ? evev ejGjb, g¯¨x
DG`ÅvM ev mswewae«¬ miKvix KZc†Æ GÞi Pvjbv I eÅeÕ©vcbv gGnv`q Dîi cÉ`vb KGi msm`xq KZ‡ÆZ½GK Õ¼xKvi KGiGQb|

 wkLbdj: 1 [Kz. ˆev. 2016]

evsjvG`Gki miKvi I cÉkvmwbK KvVvGgv 5

K. msm` AwaGekb Avn»vb KGib ˆK? 1 avhÆ Kiv hvq bv ‰es ˆKvGbv eÅqI Kiv mÁ¿e nq bv|
msweavGbi 85 bs AbyGœQG` ewYÆZ AvGQ, “miKvwi AG^Æi
L. cç`k msGkvabxi ci RvZxq msmG`i MVb eYÆbv iÞYvGeÞY, ˆÞò gGZv mshyÚ ZnweGj A^Æ cÉ`vb ev Zv ˆ^GK
A^Æ cÉZÅvnvi ‰es ‰me welGqi mvG^ mswkÓÏ ¡ ev AvbylwãK
KGiv| 2 mKj welq msmG`i AvBb «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z nq|” evsjvG`Gki
kvmb wefvM ev wbeÆvnx wefvGMi hveZxq KvhÆ RvZxq msm`
M. DóxcGK msmG`i ˆKvb KvhÆwU dzGU DGVGQ? eÅvLÅv KZ‡ÆK wbqw¯¨Z nq| gw¯¨mfv meÆcÉKvi KvGRi RbÅ RvZxq
msmG`i wbKU `vqx| msmG` hw` gw¯¨mfvi wei‚G«¬ AbvÕ©v
KGiv| 3 cvm nq ZGe gw¯¨mfvGK c`ZÅvM KiGZ nq| gyjZzwe cÉÕ¦ve,
wb±`v cÉÕ¦ve, AbvÕ©v cÉÕ¦ve, cÉk² wRævmv, msm`xq wewf®²
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ KvhwÆ U Qvov msm` Avi Kx Kx KwgwU I msmG` mvaviY AvGjvPbvi gvaÅGg RvZxq msm`
wbevÆnx wefvGMi Ici wbq¯¨Y cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| ‰GÞGò weGivax
KvR KiGZ cvGi AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 `Gji m`mÅMY ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| msweavb
msGkvaGbi ‰KœQò ÞgZv ‰Kgvò RvZxq msmG`iB iGqGQ|
6bs cÉGk²i Dîi msm` ˆgvU m`mÅMGYi `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk msLÅvMwiÓ¤Zvq
K msm` AwaGekb Avnevb KGib ivÓ¡ÈcwZ| msweavGbi ˆKvGbv weavb msGkvab KiGZ cvGi| ‰Qvov,
PvKwi, wbevPÆ b, AaÅvG`k msKÌv¯¦ cÉf‡wZ welGq RvZxq msmG`i
L cç`k msGkvabxi ci RvZxq msmG`i MVb mÁ·wKÆZ ÞgZv iGqGQ| myZivs DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ cÉk² Z^v A^Æ msKÌv¯¦
welqwU 65 AbyGœQG`i mvG^ mÁ·†Ú| KvhwÆ U Qvov msm` AvGiv bvbvwea KvhvÆ w` mÁ·v`b KGi DwÚwU
msweavGbi 65 AbyGœQG`i- h^v^Æ|
(K) (3) `dvi “cqZvwÍÏk Avmb” kõàGjvi cwieGZÆ
“cçvkwU Avmb” kõàGjv cÉwZÕ©vwcZ nBGe| A^Ævr cç`k
msGkvabxi gvaÅGg RvZxq msmG`i bvix Avmb msLÅv 50-‰
D®x² Z Kiv nq| hvi dGj RvZxq msmG`i ˆgvU m`mÅ msLÅv
nq 350|

M DóxcGK msmG`i A^Æ msKÌv¯¦ ÞgZv KvhwÆ U dzGU DGVGQ| cÉk² 7 kvGn` I RvGn` `y’Rb wf®² ivGÓ¡Çi bvMwiK|
wbGP ‰ mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvPbv Kiv nGjv@
DóxcGKi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq, evGRU AvGjvPbvq msm` kvGnG`i ivGÓ¡Ç miKvi cÉavb AvBbmfvi wbKU `vqx ^vGKb|
m`mÅMY A^Æg¯¨x gGnv`qGK wewf®² cÉk² KiwQGjb| wZwb me
cÉGki² Reve w`wœQGjb| cvVÅeBGqi eYÆbvq ˆ`Lv hvq, Avq- wK¯§ RvGnG`i ivGÓ¡Ç miKvi I ivÓ¡ÇcÉavb ‰KB eÅwÚ| wZwb
eÅq msKÌv¯¦ KvR Z^v AG^Æi Ici evsjvG`k RvZxq msmG`i
ÞgZv I KZ‡ÆZ½ AGbK| RvZxq msm` RvZxq ZnweGji iÞK AvBbmfvi wbKU `vqe«¬ bb|  wkLbdj: 6 [w`. ˆev. 2016]
I AwffveK| cÉGZÅK A^Æ eQGii ÷i‚GZ H eQGii RbÅ
AbywgZ Avq-eÅGqi weeiY ev evGRU RvZxq msmG` ˆck K. Awfksmb Kx? 1
KiGZ nq| ˆmLvGb evGRGUi Dci AvGjvPbv-chvÆGjvPbv
AbywÓ¤Z nq| A^vÆr A^Æg¯¨x evGRU msKÌv¯¦ wewf®² welGq msm` L. evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcwZ KxfvGe wbeÆvwPZ nb? 2
m`mÅG`i cÉGk²i Reve ˆ`b| Zvici Zv AbyGgvw`Z nq|
ZvQvov géywi `vwe msmG` ˆck Kiv nq ‰es msm` ‰i…c `vwe M. RvGnG`i ivGÓ¡Ç ˆKvb aiGbi miKvi we`Ågvb eÅvLÅv
AbyGgv`b, cÉZÅvLÅvb ev ZvGZ wbavÆwiZ AG^Æi cwigvY nËvm
KiGZ cviGe| evGRU ˆck Kivi ci hw` ˆKvGbv AwZwiÚ KGiv| 3
eÅGqi RbÅ AG^Æi cÉGqvRb nq ZvnGj RvZxq msm` AwMÉg
géywi `vGbi eÅeÕ©v KiGZ cvGi| myZivs DóxcGKi N. evsjvG`Gki miKvi c«¬wZi mvG^ kvGnG`i ivGÓ¡Çi
AvGjvPbvGZ msmG`i A^Æ msKÌv¯¦ ‰i…c AvGjvPbviB BwãZ
cvIqv hvq| ˆKvGbv mv`†kÅ AvGQ wK? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4

7bs cÉGk²i Dîi

N DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ A^Æ msKÌv¯¦ KvhwÆ U Qvov msm` AvGiv K Awfksmb (Impeachment) nGjv KvDGK c`PzÅZ ev
bvbvwea KvhÆvw` mÁ·v`b KGi| ÞgZvPzÅZ Kiv|
evsjvG`Gki mKj cÉKvi AvBb cÉYqGbi `vwqZ½ AvBb wefvM
Z^v RvZxq msmG`i wbKU bÅÕ¦| msm` ˆhGKvGbv AvBb L evsjvG`k msweavb Abyhvqx RvZxq msmG`i m`mÅG`i
cÉYqb, cÉPwjZ AvBGbi cwieZÆb ev msGkvab KiGZ cvGi| msLÅvMwiÓ¤ ˆfvGU cuvP eQGii RbÅ ‰KRb ivÓ¡ÈcwZ wbeÆvwPZ
ˆKvGbv bZzb AvBb cvm KiGZ nGj Zv weGji AvKvGi msmG` nb| A^ÆÅvr cÉGZÅK RvZxq msm` wbeÆvPGbi ci msm`
ˆck KiGZ nq| AvBGbi LmovGK wej eGj| msmG`i m`mÅG`i «¼viv gƒjZ wZwb wbeÆvwPZ nGq ^vGKb|
msLÅvMwiÓ¤ m`mÅG`i ˆfvGU M†nxZ nGj wejwU AvBGb cwiYZ
nq| evsjvG`Gki RvZxq msmG`i AbyGgv`b eÅZxZ ˆKvGbv Ki M RvGnG`i ivGÓ¡È ivÓ¡ÈcwZ kvwmZ miKvi we`Ågvb|

ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉK‡Z kvmbKZÆv wnGmGe ˆ`k kvmGbi `vwqZ½ cvjb
KGib| wZwb AvBbmfvi wbKU `vqe«¬ bb| ‰LvGb g¯¨xiv
ivÓ¡ÈcwZi ˆmeKgvò| ivÓ¡ÈcwZGK cigvkÆ ev mvnvhÅ `vb
KiGZ ˆKvb gw¯¨cwil` ev DcG`Ó¡v cwil` ^vKGZ cvGi|
‰i…c gw¯¨iv ev DcG`Ó¡viv ‰Kgvò ivÓ¡ÈcwZi BœQv AbymvGiB
wbhyÚ ev AcmvwiZ nb| Zviv mgÕ¦ KvRKGgÆi RbÅ ivÓ¡ÈcwZi

6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

wbKU `vqx ^vGKb| gƒjZ Zviv ivÓ¡ÈcwZi KgÆPvwi wnGmGe KvR M DóxcGK ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi AãwUi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki mv`†kÅcƒYÆ
KGi ^vGKb|
AãwU nGjv AvBbmfv|
N evsjvG`Gki miKvi c«¬wZi mvG^ kvGnG`i ivGÓ¡Èi evsjvG`Gki msweavb ˆgvZvGeK 65 bs AbyGœQ` Abyhvqx ‰K
KÞwewkÓ¡ AvBbmfv cÉeZÆb Kiv nq| ‰B AvBbmfvi
mv`†kÅ AvGQ| bvgKiY Kiv nq RvZxq msm`| msweavb Abyhvqx RvZxq
kvGnG`i ivGÓ¡È msm`xq miKvi ev gw¯¨cwil` kvwmZ miKvi msmG`i mvaviY Avmb msLÅv 300| mvaviY m`mÅMY
eÅeÕ©v we`Åvgvb| ‰i…c ivGÓ¡È miKvi cÉavb AvBbmfvi wbKU RbMGYi cÉGZÅÞ ˆfvGU ‰KK wbeÆvPbx ‰jvKv nGZ wbeÆvwPZ
`vqx ^vGKb| gw¯¨cwil` ev msm`xq miKvi eÅeÕ©vq wbeÆvnx nb| ‰Qvov gwnjvG`i RbÅ RvZxq msmG` 50wU msiwÞZ
wefvM AvBbmfvi mvG^ mÁ·KÆhyÚ| kvGnG`i ivGÓ¡Èi gZ Avmb iGqGQ| ZGe gwnjviv AbÅvbÅ wbeÆvPbx ‰jvKv nGZI
evsjvG`GkI miKvi cÉavb cÉavbg¯¨x| Zvi ˆbZG‡ Z½ ‰KwU mivmwi cÉwZ«¼w±«¼Zv KiGZ cvGib| RvZxq msmG`i ˆgqv` 5
gw¯¨cwil` MwVZ nq| gw¯¨cwilG`i m`Åmiv ‰KB mgGq eQi| RvZxq msmG`i meÆGgvU Avmb nGjv 350 wU|
AvBbmfviI m`mÅ ^vGKb| g¯¨xiv AvBbmfvi AvÕ©vfvRb
^vGKb| KviY AvBbmfvi AvÕ©v nvivGj ZvG`i c`ZÅvM N ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Èi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki AvBbwefvM bvgK AãwUi
KiGZ nq| ‰B miKvi eÅeÕ©vq ivÓ¡ÈcÉavb I miKvi cÉavb
‰K eÅwÚ ^vGKb bv| ‰Qvov gw¯¨cwilG`i m`mÅiv ZvG`i mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| ‰B AvBbwefvM evsjvG`Gki kvmb wefvM ev
mKj KvRKGgÆi eÅvcvGi eÅwÚMZfvGe ev ˆhŒ^fvGe wbeÆvnx wefvGMi Revew`wnZv wbwøZ KGi| KviY evsjvG`Gk
AvBbmfvi wbKU `vqx ^vGKb| g¯¨xMY ZvG`i wbRÕ¼ KGgÆi gw¯¨cwil` ev msm`xq kvmb eÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb| kvmbwefvM
eÅvcvGi AvBbmfvq wewf®² cÉGk²i Revew`wn KiGZ evaÅ ZvG`i M†wnZ bxwZ I wm«¬v¯¦ ev KvRKGgÆi RbÅ AvBb
^vGKb| AeGkGl Avgiv ejGZ cvwi ˆh, AvBbmfv I wbeÆvnx wefvGMi wbKU `vqx ^vGK| gw¯¨mfv KZw`b ÞgZvq ^vKGe Zv
wefvGMi mnGhvwMZvi dGj D®²Z gvGbi AvBb ŠZwi I Zv wbfÆi KGi AvBbmfvi AvÕ©v-AbvÕ©vi Dci| msweavb
myÓ¤zfvGe cÉGqvGMi myweav nq| Abyhvqx AvBbwefvM gw¯¨mfvGK wbq¯¨Y KGi ^vGK| gw¯¨mfvi
m`mÅMY ZvG`i mgÕ¦ KvGRi RbÅ RvZxq msmG`i wbKU
cÉk² 8 ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Çi miKvGii ‰KwU ài‚Z½cYƒ Æ Aã AvBb Revew`wn KiGZ evaÅ| RvZxq msm` RvZxq ZnweGji iÞK
I AwffveK| cÉGZÅK Avw^ÆK eQGii ÷i‚GZ miKvGii AbywgZ
cÉYqb, cwieZÆb, cwieaÆb QvovI wewf®²fvGe Aci ‰KwU Avq-eÅGqi wee†wZ ev evGRU RvZxq msmG` ˆck KiGZ nq|
myZivs ejv hvq ˆh, evsjvG`Gki AvBbwefvGMi ÞgZv, ghÆv`v
AGãi Revew`wnZv wbwøZ KGi| wewf®² mvsweavwbK msÕ©vi I f„wgKv LyeB ài‚Z½cƒY|Æ

evwlÆK wiGcvUÆ wbGq weZKÆ KGi|  wkLbdj: 1 [w`. ˆev. 2016]

K. AaÅvG`k ˆK Rvwi KGib? 1 cÉk² 9 Rbve ZvGqRyj nK RvZxq msm` wbeÆvPGb RbMGYi

L. A^Æwej ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2

M. DóxcGK ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Çi AãwUi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ nb| ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi ˆÞGò Zvi wm«¬v¯¦B gyLÅ|

mv`†kÅcƒYÆ AãwUi MVb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 ZviB `Gji gGbvbxZ cÉv^Æx Rbve Avwidzj Bmjvg ivGÓ¡Çi

N. ‘K’ ivGÓ¡Çi AãwUi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ evsjvG`Gki ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cG` envj AvGQb| Rbve ZvGqRyj nK Av`vjZ KZƆK

AãwUI Aci ‰KwU AGãi Revew`wnZv wbwøZ `ícÉvwµ¦ eÅwÚi kvwÕ¦ gIKzd KiGZ bv cviGjI Rbve Avwidzj

KGi- weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 Bmjvg Zv cvGib|  wkLbdj: 4 I 6 [wm. ˆev. 2016]

8bs cÉGk²i Dîi K. evsjvG`k msweavGb ewYÆZ ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi gƒjbxwZ

K AaÅvG`k ivÓ¡ÈcwZ Rvwi KGib| KqwU? 1

L A^Æwej ejGZ ˆKej wbÁw² jwLZ welqmgnƒ GK eySvq| h^v L. ˆKvivg ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2

: M. Rbve Avwidzj BmjvGgi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki ˆh cG`i
1. ˆKvGbv Ki AvGivc, wbq¯¨Y, i`e`j, gIKzd ev
eÅwÚi wgj iGqGQ Zvi c`ghÆv`v eYÆbv KGiv| 3
iwnZKiY;
2. miKvi KZ‡ÆK FY MÉnY ev ˆKvGbv MÅvivw´Ÿ `vb wKsev N. Rbve ZvGqRyj nKB evsjvG`Gki kvmb eÅeÕ©vi

miKvGii Avw^ÆK `vq-`vwqZ½ mÁ·wKÆZ AvBb msGkvab; gaÅgwY@ Zzwg wK ‰B eÚGeÅi mvG^ ‰KgZ? DîGii
3. mshyÚ ZnweGji iÞYvGeÞY, Abyi…c ZnweGj A^Æ cÉ`vb ev
Õ¼cGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4
Abyi…c Znwej nGZ A^Æ `vb ev wbw`ÆÓ¡KiY;
4. mshyÚ ZnweGji Dci `vq AvGivc wKsev Abyi…c ˆKvGbv 9bs cÉGk²i Dîi

`vq i`e`j ev weGjvc; K evsjvG`Gki msweavGb ewYÆZ ivÓ¡È cwiPvjbvi gƒjbxwZ 4wU
5. cÉRvZG¯¨i miKvwi wnmve eve` A^ÆcÉvwµ¦ , wKsev Abyi…c
L ˆKvivg gvGb Required Number of members A^Ævr ˆh
A^Æ iÞYvGeÞY ev `vb, wKsev miKvGii wnmve wbixÞv|
msLÅK m`GmÅi DcwÕ©wZGZ ˆKvb mfvi KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv
hvq ZvGK ˆKvivg eGj| evsjvG`k msweavb ˆgvZvGeK
KgcGÞ ‰K cçvsk A^Ævr 300 RGbi gGaÅ 60 Rb msm`

evsjvG`Gki miKvi I cÉkvmwbK KvVvGgv 7

m`GmÅi DcwÕ©wZGZ msmG`i KvhÆ cwiPvwjZ nGZ cvGi| 60 cÉk² 10 iwdK I mygb `yB e®¬y RM®²v^ wek¼we`ÅvjGqi Qvò|
RGbi Kg m`mÅ DcwÕ©Z ^vKGj wÕ·Kvi msmG`i AwaGekb
Õ©wMZ ivGLb ‰es cuvP wgwbUKvj N´Ÿv evRvGZ eGjb| iwdGKi evev ˆ`Gki mGeÆvœP Av`vjGZi wePvicwZ| msweavGbi
N´Ÿva»wb eÅ^Æ nIqvi ciI ˆKvivg bv nGj wÕ·Kvi AwaGekb
gyjZzwe ˆNvlYv KGib| 95 AbyGœQ` AbymvGi ivÓ¡ÇcwZ ZvGK ‰ cG` AwawÓ¤Z KGib|

M DóxcGKi Rbve Avwidzj BmjvGgi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki Avi mygGbi evev ‰KwU gnvbMixi ˆgqi| wZwb RbMGYi ˆfvGU
ivÓ¡ÈcwZi c` ghÆv`vi wgj iGqGQ|
ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉf„Z ÞgZvi AwaKvix| evÕ¦Ge msweavb Abyhvqx ‰ cG` wbeÆvwPZ nGqGQb|  wkLbdj: 8 I 15 [wm. ˆev. 2016]
ˆ`Gk msm`xq MbZ¯¨ cÉPwjZ ^vKvq ivÓ¡ÈcwZ bvg meÆÕ¼ ivÓ¡È
cÉavb| wZwb ˆKej cÉavbg¯¨x wbGqvGMi ˆÞGò wbRÕ¼ K. MYZG¯¨i gvbmcyò KvGK ejv nZ? 1
weGePbvGK KvGR jvMvGZ cviGeb| ZvQvov me mgqB ZvGK
cÉavbg¯¨x civgkÆ Abyhvqx `vwqZ½ cvjb KiGZ nGe| ZGe L. Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqîkvmb ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
msweavb Abyhvqx wZwb ˆ`Gki mGeÆvœP c` ghÆv`vi AwaKvix|
‰i dGj wZwb ˆ`Gki mKj eÅwÚi DGa»Æ Õ©vb jvf KiGeb| M. iwdGKi evevi KgÆiZ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi KvhÆvewj AvGjvPbv
ivÓ¡ÈcwZ ivGÓ¡Èi cÉavb ‰es wZwb AbÅ mKj eÅwÚi DGa»|Æ wZwb
msweavb cÉ`î ÞgZv cÉGqvM I KZÆeÅ cvjb KGib| Zvi KGiv| 3
`vwqZ½ I KZÆeÅ cvjGbi RbÅ wZwb ˆKvGbv Av`vjGZ Revew`wn
KiGZ evaÅ bb| wZwb ivÓ¡È cÉ`î mGeÆvœP myGhvM-myweav I N. ‘mygGbi evevi KgÆiZ cÉwZÓ¤vb Rxebhvòvi gvGbv®²qGb
ghÆv`v ˆfvM KGib|
eügƒLx KvhÆKÌg MÉnY KGi ^vGK|’ Zzwg wK ‰B eÚGeÅi
N DóxcGK Rbve ZvGqRyj nK “evsjvG`Gki kvmb eÅeÕ©vi
mvG^ ‰KgZ? ˆZvgvi DîGii Õ¼cGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4
gaÅgwY” Avwg ‰B eÚGeÅi mvG^ ‰KgZ|
Avgvi gGZi Õ¼cGÞ hywÚmgnƒ wbÁ²i…c: 10bs cÉGk²i Dîi
msweavGbi 55(2) AbyGPQ` Abyhvqx cÉavbg¯¨x MYcÉRvZ¯¨x
evsjvG`Gki gƒLÅ wbeÆvnx| wZwb nGjb mgMÉ kvmb eÅeÕ©vi K ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvnivIqv`xÆGK MYZG¯¨i gvbmcyò ejv nq|
gaÅgwY| Zî½MZfvGe ivÓ¡ÈcwZ g¯¨xmfvi m`mÅG`i wbGqvM
KiGZ cviGjI ‰ ˆÞGò cÉavbg¯¨xi f„wgKvB gƒLÅ| L Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqZ½kvmb ejGZ Þz`Ë ‰jvKv wfwîK RbMGYi
cÉavbg¯¨xGK ˆK±`Ê KGiB g¯¨xmfv MwVZ nGe I cwiPvwjZ nGe, wbeÆvwPZ RbcÉwZwbwaG`i «v¼ iv cwiPvwjZ kvmbGK ˆevSvq|
ÞgZvq wUGK ^vKGe ‰es ÞgZv ˆ^GK weZvwoZ nGe|
cÉavbg¯¨x c`ZÅvM KiGj ev Õ¼xq cG` envj bv ^vKGj g¯¨xG`i evsjvG`Gki BDwbqb cwil`, DcGRjv cwil`, ˆcŒimfv I
cÉGZÅKB c`ZÅvM KGiGQb eGj MbÅ nGe| RvZxq msmG`i wmwU KGcÆvGikb Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqZ½kvwmZ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi D`vniY|
ˆbZv nGjb cÉavbg¯¨x msmG` msLÅvMwiÓ¤ m`mÅG`i AvÕ©v Oxford Dictionary -‰i mævq ejv nGqGQ,
nvivGj wKsev AbÅ ˆKvb KviGY cÉGqvRbGevGa cÉavbg¯¨x msm` “Õ©vbxq RbMGbi KZ‡ÆK wbeÆvwPZ cÉwZwbwaG`i «¼viv cwiPvwjZ
ˆfGã ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ ivÓ¡ÈcwZGK civgkÆ cÉavb KiGZ cviGeb| cÉkvmbB nj Õ©vbxq kvmb”| ˆjvKvj MfbÆGg´Ÿ ˆKvqvUviwj”
Zî½MZfvGe ivÓ¡ÈcwZ DœPc`Õ© miKvwi KgÆPvix, wePviK, kxlÆK cwòKvi gGZ,
ivÓ¡ÈcwZ cÉf‡wZ wbGqvM KiGZ cviGjI KvhÆZ wZwb cÉavbg¯¨xi ”Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqZ½kvb nGœQ Õ©vbxq chÆvGqi ˆmB miKvi hv
civgkÆKÌGgB wbGqvM msKÌv¯¦ KvhvÆ ewj mÁ·v`b KiGeb| AvBbmãZfvGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z cÉwZwbwaZ½gƒjK KvDw´ÖGji «¼viv
cÉavbg¯¨x nGjb Zvi wbR `Gji ˆbZv| cÉavbg¯¨x ÷ay msmG`i wbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰jvKvq ÞgZv KvhÆKix KGi”
ˆbZv, gw¯¨mfvi gaÅgwY, `Gji ˆbZv, ivÓ¡ÈcwZi civgkÆ `vZvB myZivs Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqZ½kvmb ejGZ ‰gb ‰K aiGbi kvmb
bb| wZwb nGjb RvwZi ˆbZv I c^cÉ`kÆK| wZwb RvZxq eÅeÕ©v ˆevSvq hv ˆQvU ˆQvU ‰jvKvq Õ©vbxq cÉGqvRb
wbivcîv ‰es RvZxq msnwZi cÉZxK| evsjvG`Gk ˆgUvevi RbÅ cÉwZwÓ¤Z, hv AvBGbi gvaÅGg ÞgZvcÉvµ¦, hv,
kvmbeÅeÕ©vi wZwb nGjb gaÅgwY, gw¯¨mfvi gƒj Õ¦Á¿| wZwb wbeÆvwPZ|
nGjb ‰gb ‰KwU mƒhÆ hvi Pviw`GK ivR‹bwZK MÉnàGjv
AvewZÆZ nq| M DóxcGK iwdGKi evev msweavGbi 95bs AbGy œQ` AbymvGi
myZivs DcGii AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh ZvGqRyj nKB
evsjvG`Gki kvmb eÅeÕ©vi gaÅgwY| ivÓ¡ÈcwZ KZ‡ÆK wbGqvMcÉvµ¦ hv cvVÅ eBGqi mycxÉ g ˆKvGUÆi
wePviK wbGqvGMi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|

mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi KvhvÆ ewj wbÁi² …ct-
mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi KvhvÆ ewj:
1. msweavGb cÉ`î ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi mgƒGni ejerKiY|
2. ˆKvb msiÞK eÅwÚi AvGe`b KÌGgB nvBGKvUÆ wefvM

cÉRvZ¯¨ ev Õ©vbxq KZ‡ÆcGÞi Aaxb KgÆiZ ˆKvb eÅwÚGK
ˆeAvBbx ˆKvb KvR ˆ^GK weiZ ^vKvq ev AvBbvbyhvqx
Zvi Kibxq mÁ·GKÆ wbG`Æk w`GZ cvGi|
3. ˆKvb eÅwÚi AvGe`Gbi ˆcÉwÞGZ AvUK ˆKvb eÅwÚGK Zvi
‰K bvGg nvwRi Kivi wbG`Æk w`GZ cvGi ‰es ˆeAvBbx
fvGe AvUK ^vKGj ZvGK gyÚ Kivi wbG`Æk w`GZ cvGi|
DóxcGK iwdGKi evev mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi wePviK wnGmGe
KgÆiZ| mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi ÞgZv I KvhvÆ ewj ejGZ nvBGKvU
wefvM I Avcxj wefvGMi ÞgZv I KvhvÆ ewjGK ˆevSvq|

8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

N DóxcGK ewYÆZ mygGbi evevi KgÆiZ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mvG^ 4. bMi cwiK͸bv: gnvbMGii ˆmŒ±`hÆ e†w«¬i RbÅ wmwU
KGcÆvGikb ivÕ¦vNvU, cvKÆ, AvevwmK, ivÕ¦vi cvGk
Avgvi MwVZ Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqZ½kvwmZ cÉwZÓ¤vGb wmwU KGcÆvGikGbi e†ÞGivcb, cvGKÆi PvicvGk AvKlÆbxq cÉvPxi wbgÆvY ‰es
mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| mygGbi evev wmwU KGcÆvGikGbi ˆgqi| mygGbi AvevwmK ‰jvKvi wbivcîv wbaÆviGbi RbÅ wbq¯¨Y ˆMU
evevi KgÆiZ cÉwZÓ¤vb Rxeb hvòvi gGbv®²qGb eügƒLx KvhÆKÌg wbgÆvY I cÉnivi eÅeÕ©v KGi ^vGK|
MÉnb KGi ^vGK| Avwg ‰B eÚGeÅi mvG^ ‰KgZ|
5. ivÕ¦vNvU I hvbevnb msKÌv¯¦: gnvbMixi ivÕ¦vNvU wbgÆvY,
Avgvi eÚGeÅi Õc¼ GÞ hywÚ AvGjvPbvi gvaÅGg ZzGj aijvg@ UÇvK Qvov AbÅvbÅ hvbevnGbi jvBGm´Ö cÉ`vb I ivÕ¦vq
gnvbMi ‰jvKvi D®²qb, kvw¯¦k†OLjv iÞv ‰es wewf®² mgmÅv PjvPj wbq¯¨Y KGi ^vGK|
`ƒixKiGY wmwU KGcÆvGikbàGjv wbÁ²wjwLZ ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ f„wgKv
cvjb KGi| 6. eb, e†ÞGivcb, cvKÆ msKÌv¯¦: gnvbMi ‰jvKvq eb
1. RbÕ¼vÕ©Åt KGcÆvGikGbi AvIZvaxb ‰jvKvi RbÕ¼vÕ©Å msiÞY, DÁÃyÚ Õ©vGb e†Þ ˆivcb, cvKÆ wbgÆvY I DóÅvb
ŠZwii gvaÅGg wmwU KGcÆvGikb RbmvaviGbi AeKvk
iÞvG^Æ wmwU KGcÆvGikb wewf®² c`GÞc MÉnb KGi| wewf®² weGbv`Gbi eÅeÕ©v KGi ^vGK|
Õ©vGb ˆkŒPvMvi wbgÆvY I Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ cvqLvbv, cÉmËveLvbv
wbgÆvY, gqjv I AveRÆbv ˆdjvi WvÕ¡web wbgÆvY I RgvKZ‡ 7. wkÞv I msÕ•‡wZ: gnvbMixi wbiÞiZv `ƒixKib Šbk
AveRÆbv cwiÓ•vi Kivi eÅeÕ©v KGi| wmwU KGcÆvGikb we`Åvjq Õ©vcb, eqÕ•G`i wkÞv`vb, BZÅvw` cwiPvjbv
RbÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ nvmcvZvj, Õ¼vÕ©ÅwKÑwbK, gvZ‡m`b, KGi ^vGK|
wk÷m`b wbgÆvY, wWmGcbmvwi I cwievi cwiK͸bv ˆK±`Ê
wbgÆvY I cwiPvjbv eÅeÕ©v KGi ^vGK| 8. kvw¯¦kO† Ljv iÞv: gnvbMixGZ m¯¨vm `gb, Pzwi, WvKvwZ I
2. Lv`Å I cvbxq `ËGeÅi wbq¯Y¨ : gnvbMixGZ ˆfRvj gyÚ nvBRÅvK ˆiva I cÉwZGivGai eÅeÕ©v KGi ^vGK|
Lv`Å`ËeÅ, gv`K`GË eÅi Drcv`b I KÌq-weKÌq ˆiva KGi
kvwÕ¦gƒjK eÅeÕ©v MÉnb KGi ^vGK| 9. D®²qbgƒjK: gnvbMixi D®²qGbi RbÅ D®²qb cwiK͸bv
3. cvwb mieivn: gnvbMixi RbmvaviGbi eÅenvGii RbÅ MÉnb I Zv evÕ¦evqb KGi ^vGK|
we÷«¬ cvwb mieivn, Kzc, I bjKzc Lbb, knGii
Rjve«¬Zv `ƒixKiY, ˆWÈb cwiÓ•vi I cwiœQ®² ivLvi DcGii AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq ˆh, DóxcGKi mygGbi
eÅeÕ©v KGi ^vGK| evevi KgÆiZ cÉwZÓ¤vb Z^v wmwU KGcÆvGikb Rxehvòvi
gvGbv®²qGb eügƒLx KvhÆKÌg MÉnb KGi ^vGK|

cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AbbÅ cÉGkv² îi

cÉk² 11 Rbve 'M' evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcaÉ vb KZ‡ÆK ivÓ¡Çxq wefvM ‰es nvBGKvUÆ wefvM wbGq mywcÉg ˆKvUÆ MwVZ ‰es
mÁÃvbRbK cG` wbhyÚ cÉK‡ZcGÞ wZwb msweavb Abyhvqx wePviKG`i msLÅv ivÓ¡ÇcwZ KZƆK wbaÆvwiZ nq|

cÉRvZG¯¨i wbeÆvnxÞgZv cÉGqvM KGib| wZwb RvZxq Õ¼v^Æ I M Rbve ‘M’ evsjvG`Gki cËavbg¯¨x| wZwb cÉRvZG¯¨i wbeÆvnx
wkLbdj-4 ÞgZvi AwaKvix|
msnwZ iÞvq mGPÓ¡ ^vGKb| 1 DóxcGK evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcÉavb Rbve ‘M’ ˆK wbGqvM ˆ`b|

K. AaÅvG`k Rvwi KGib ˆK? 2 Rbve ‘M’ msweavb Abyhvqx cÉRvZG¯¨i wbeÆvnx ÞgZv cÉGqvM I

L. mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi MVb eÅvLÅv Ki|
M. Rbve ‘M’ evsjvG`Gki ˆKvb wbeÆvnxcG` AwawÓ¤Z? RvZxq Õ¼v^Æ I msnwZ iÞvq mGPÓ¡ ^vGKb| ZvB ejv hvq,
3 Rbve ‘M’ evsjvG`Gki cÉavbg¯¨x|
Zvi cG`i ˆhvMÅZv eYÆbv Ki|
N. DÚ wbeÆvnx c` ‰es evsjvG`Gki kvmbeÅeÕ©v wbGP cÉavbg¯¨x cG`i ˆhvMÅZv eYÆbv Kiv nGjv
4 i. evsjvG`Gki bvMwiK nGZ nGe|
‰KmƒGò Mvu^v@ eÚeÅwU weGkÏlY Ki| ii. AbƒÅb 25 eQi eqÕ• nGZ nGe|
iii. Zvi bvg msm` wbeÆvPGbi ˆfvUvi ZvwjKvq A¯¦fzÆÚ ^vKGZ
11bs cÉGk²i Dîi
K AaÅvG`k Rvwi KGib ivÓ¡ÇcwZ| nGe|

L mywcÉg ˆKvUÆ evsjvG`Gki mGevÆ œP Av`vjZ hv Avwcj wefvM vi. Av`vjZ AcÉK‡wZÕ© eGj ˆNvlYv KiGj cÉavbg¯¨x nevi
I nvBGKvUÆ wefvM wbGq MwVZ|
ˆhvMÅ nGeb bv|
1972 mvGji msweavGbi 94 bs AbyGœQ` nGZ ÷i‚ KGi 113 v. RvZxq msm` wbeÆvPGb Zvi `Gji msLÅvMwiÓ¤Zv ARÆb|
bs AbyGœQG` evsjvG`Gki mywcÉg ˆKvGUiÆ MVb, KvhvÆ ewj I vi. wbR `Gji msm` ˆbZv wnGmGe gGbvbqb cvÉ wµ¦|
ghÆv`v ewYÆZ nGqGQ| mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi cÉavb wePvicwZ ivÓ¡ÇcwZ DwÍÏwLZ ˆhvMÅZvi AwaKvix nGj ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ MYcÉRvZ¯¨x
KZƆK wbhyÚ nb| cÉavb wePvicwZi mvG^ civgkÆKÌGg ivÓ¡ÇcwZ evsjvG`k miKvGii cÉavbg¯¨x cG` AwawÓ¤Z nGZ cvGib|
AbÅvbÅ wePvicwZG`i wbGqvM `vb KGi| ˆgvU K^v Avwcj

evsjvG`Gki miKvi I cÉkvmwbK KvVvGgv 9

N ‘DÚ wbeÆvnx c` ‰es evsjvG`Gki kvmbeÅeÕ©v ‰KmƒGò 12bs cÉGk²i Dîi

Muv^v’ eÚeÅwU weGkÏlY Kiv nGjv: K «¼v`k msGkvabxq gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gk msm`xq eÅeÕ©v cybt
cÉeZÆb Kiv nq|
cÉavbg¯¨x evsjvG`Gki gw¯¨mfvi ˆK±`Êwe±`y| gw¯¨mfvi Dïvb I
cZb meB Zvi Ici wbfÆikxj| RvZxq msmG` msLÅvMwiÓ¤ L evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcwZGK Awfksmb c«¬wZi gvaÅGg
`Gji ˆbZv cÉavbg¯¨x wbeÆvwPZ nb| evsjvG`Gki msweavGbi AcmviY Kiv nq|
msweavb j›Nb ev ài‚Zi Am`vPiGYi AwfGhvGM ivÓ¡ÇcwZGK
55 bs AbyGœQG`i 2 bs `dvq ejv nGqGQ ˆh, ‘cÉRvZG¯¨i msweavGbi 52bs AbyGœQ` Abyhvqx AwfkswmZ Kiv hvq|
wbeÆvnx ÞgZv kvmbZ¯¨ Abyhvqx cÉavbg¯¨xi «¼viv A^ev Zvi RvZxq msmG`i msLÅvMwiÓ¤ AsGki Õ¼vÞihyÚ wjwLZ
KZ‡ÆGZ½ cÉhyÚ nGe|’ cÉavbg¯¨xi ÞgZv I KvhvÆ ewj AvGjvPbvi AwfGhvGMi wfwîGZ AwfksmGbi cÉÕ¦ve wÕ·KvGii wbKU cÉ`vb
KiGZ nq| ˆbvwUk cÉ`vGbi ˆPŒó ˆ^GK wòk w`Gbi gGaÅ
«¼viv cÉGk² DwÍÏwLZ welqwU Õ·Ó¡ nGq DVGe| cÉavbg¯¨xi ÞgZv msmG` ‰ cÉÕ¦ve AvGjvwPZ nGZ nq| Zvici m`mÅ msLÅvi
I KvhvÆ ewj wbÁ²i…c: AbƒÅb `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk ˆfvGU AwfGhvM h^v^Æ eGj cÉgvwYZ nGqGQ
cÉ^gZ, cÉavbg¯¨xGK ˆK±`Ê KGi gw¯¨mfv MwVZ nq, Avevi gGgÆ msm` ˆKvGbv cÉÕ¦ve MÉnY KiGj H ZvwiL ˆ^GK
ivÓ¡ÇcwZi c` kƒbÅ nGe|
ZvGK ˆK±`Ê KGiB gw¯¨mfvi cZb nq| cÉavbg¯¨xi
civgkÆKÌGgB ivÓ¡ÇcwZ AbÅvbÅ g¯¨xG`i wbGqvM KGib| M evsjvG`Gk mevi DcGi Õ©vb jvf KGib gnvgvbÅ ivÓ¡ÇcwZ|
cÉavbg¯¨x ˆhGKvGbv g¯¨xGK c`ZÅvM KivGZ cvGib| evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcwZ c`ghÆv`vi w`K nGZ ‰K wewkÓ¡ Õ©vGbi
w«¼ZxqZ, gw¯¨mfvi KgÆmƒwP I msmG`i AvBb cÉYqb cwiK͸bv AwaKvix| ivGÓ¡Çi cÉavb wnGmGe ivÓ¡ÇcwZ evsjvG`Gki mKj
cÉavbg¯¨xGK wNGiB iwPZ| eÅwÚi EGa»|Æ wZwb msm` m`mÅG`i cÉZÅÞ ˆfvGU wbeÆvwPZ|
Z‡ZxqZ, cÉavbg¯¨x ˆMvUv kvmbeÅeÕ©vi ˆK±`Êwe±`|y wZwb Zvi bvGg ivGÓ¡Çi mKj wbeÆvnx KvR cwiPvwjZ nq|
msmG` msLÅvMwiÓ¤ `Gji ˆbZv| cÉavbg¯¨xB mKj cÉKvi evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcwZ mGeÆvœP c`ghvÆ `vi AwaKvix nGjI ÷ay
bvggvò ivÓ¡ÇcaÉ vb| cÉavbg¯¨x I Zvi gw¯¨mfvB mKj `vwqZ½
KvGhÆi gaÅgwY| cvjb KGib| ivÓ¡ÇcwZ cÉavbg¯¨xi civgGkÆ msmG`i AwaGekb
PZz^ÆZ, cÉavbg¯¨x Zvi eÅwÚZ½ I `jxq ˆbZv wnGmGe AmvaviY Avn»vb I Õ©wMZ KGib| cÉwZwU bZzb msmG`i ÷i‚GZ ‰es
ÞgZvi AwaKvix| weGkl àYvewj cÉavbg¯¨xGK weGkl ghÆv`v BsGiwR beeGlÆi ÷i‚GZ wZwb msmG` fvlY `vb KGib|
mÁ·®² KGi ˆZvGj| ivÓ¡ÇcwZ ^vKv AeÕ©vq wZwb weGkl wKQy myweav ˆfvM KiGeb|
cçgZ, Ri‚wi AeÕ©v PjvKvGj cÉavbg¯¨x ivÓ¡ÇcwZGK eÅeÕ©v ivÓ¡ÇcwZ AeÕ©vq wZwb ˆKvGbv KvR KiGj ev bv KiGj ˆmRbÅ
MÉnGYi civgkÆ `vb KGib| ZvGK Av`vjGZ Revew`wn KiGZ nq bv| Zvi weiG‚ «¬ ˆKvGbv
lÓ¤Z, cÉavbg¯¨x wewf®² g¯¨YvjGqi gGaÅ mg®¼q mvab KGib Av`vjGZ ˆKvGbv cÉKvi ˆdŒR`vwi gvgjv Kiv hvGe bv ‰es
‰es ‰K cÉKvi HKÅmƒò MGo ˆZvGjb| ZuvGK ˆMÉdZvi ev KvivevGmi RbÅ ˆKvGbv Av`vjZ cGivqvbv
mµ¦gZ, cÉavbg¯¨x RvZxq wbivcîv I RvZxq msnwZi cÉZxK| Rvwi KiGZ cviGe bv|
RvZxq cÉwZiÞv Zvi AbÅZg cÉavb `vwqZ½|
AÓ¡gZ, cÉavbg¯¨xi mÁÃwZ eÅZxZ ˆKvGbv Av¯¦RÆvwZK PzwÚ N “DóxcGKi mGevÆ œP wbeÆvnx eÅwÚ mKj KvRB KGib A^P
mÁ·vw`Z nGZ cvGi bv| Av¯¦RÆvwZK mGÁÃjGb cÉavbg¯¨x ivGÓ¡Çi
ˆKvGbv KvRB KGib bv”  DwÚwU h^v^Æ| A
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L. ivÓ¡ÇcwZi Awfksmb ejGZ Kx eyS? 2

M. MYcRÉ vZ¯x¨ evsjvG`Gk mevi Dci ˆK Õ©vb jvf

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N. “DóxcGKi mGeÆvœP wbeÆvnx eÅwÚ mKj KvRB KGib

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10 cvGéix m†Rbkxj ˆcŒibxwZ I mykvmb w«¼Zxq cò  ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY

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