2
N DóxcGK cvÉ YagÆ I ˆhŒebagÆ mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvKcvZ Kiv nGqGQ, hv ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvqI cwijwÞZ nq|
‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvwUGZ AvVvGiv eQi eqmGK bvbv BwZevPK ŠewkGÓ¡Å wPwn×Z Kiv nGqGQ| ‰ eqGmB gvbyl AGbÅi Ici
wbfÆikxjZv cwinvi KGi gv^v DuPz KGi Õ¼vaxbfvGe Pjvi SuzwK wbGq ^vGK| bvbv `ytmvnmx Õ¼µ², K͸bv, DG`ÅvM ‰ eqGmi Zi‚YG`i
gbGK wNGi aGi| ˆ`k, RvwZ I gvbeZvi RbÅ hGy M hGy M ‰ eqGmi gvbylB ‰wMGq ˆMGQ meGPGq ˆewk|
DóxcGK ‘bƒZb ˆhŒeGbiB `ƒZ’ wnGmGe Zi‚YG`i cÉwZ wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ| evav-e®¬b wQ®² KGi ZvG`i ‰wMGq Pjvi cÉeYZvGK cÉksmv
Kiv nGqGQ| ‰ Zi‚GYiv Rxeb evwR ˆiGL ˆhGKvGbv AbÅvq cÉwZGiva KiGZ cÉÕ§Z| ‰me ŠewkÓ¡Å Zi‚YG`i cÉvYgqZv I ˆhŒebaGgÆi
cwiPq enb KGi| AvGjvPÅ KweZvqI ‰gwb `yeÆvi Zvi‚GYÅi cwiPq ˆgGj|
‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi ŠewkÓ¡Å wnGmGe KjÅvYwP¯¦v, ˆmeveËZ, Dóxcbv, mvnwmKZv I Pjvi `yeÆvi MwZGK
wPwn×Z Kiv nGqGQ| Ro I wbøj RxebGK ˆcQGb ˆdGj bZzb mgvR Movi Õ¼µ² ‰ eqGmi Zi‚GYivB ˆ`LGZ cvGi, hv DóxcGK
ewYÆZ cÉvYgqZv I ˆhŒebagÆGK ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q| ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvqI Zvi‚GYÅi `yeÆvi I `y`Ægbxq ŠewkÓ¡Å jÞYxq| eis
Avgiv ejGZ cvwi, DóxcGK cÉvYagÆ I ˆhŒebaGgÆi ˆh BwãZ iGqGQ Zvi ‰KwU cƒYÆvã wPò AwâZ nGqGQ ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’
KweZvq| ˆmRGbÅB DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: Ro, wbøj I cÉ^ve«¬ RxebGK ˆcQGb ˆdGj bZzb RxeGb Pjvi Õ¼µ² AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi Zi‚YivB ˆ`LGZ cvGi, hv
DóxcGK ewYÆZ cÉvYagÆ I ˆhŒebagÆGK ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q| DóxcGK Zvi‚GYÅi ˆh BwãZ iGqGQ Zvi ‰KwU cƒYÆvã wPò AwâZ nGqGQ
‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq| ZvB cÉGk²vÚ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cGÉ k²vîi
cÉk² 2 hviv RxeGbi cmiv ewnqv g†ZzÅi «¼vGi «v¼ Gi 1
KwiGZGQ wdwi, fxg iYf„Gg cÉvY evwR ˆiGL nvGi|
Avwg giK‚ we Mvwn ˆmB ˆeG` ˆe`yBbG`i Mvb, 2
hyGM hyGM hviv KGi AKviY weµÏe Awfhvb| 3
4
K. ‘Qvocò’ Kx aiGbi iPbv?
L. ei‚Y ˆKb KYÆdzjx, aGjk¼ix, c«Âv, RjvãxGi Aweij Rj ˆ`q?
M. DóxcGKi fvGe ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi ˆKvb w`KwU dzGU DGVGQ? AvGjvPbv KGiv|
N. “DóxcGK ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi fve AvswkK cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ”@ g¯¦eÅwUi h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv|
2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘Qvocò’ ‰KwU KveÅMɯ©| A
L evsjvG`Gki AmsLÅ b`xGK ˆmËvZwÕ¼bx ivLGZ eiY‚ KYÆdzjx, aGjk¼ix, c«Âv, RjvãxGi Aweij Rj ˆ`q|
‰G`Gki cÉwZwU b`-b`x fGi ^vGK Õ¼œQGZvqv RGj| ˆmB Rj KLGbvB ˆkl nq bv| ˆKbbv RGji ˆ`eZv eiY‚ AwbtGkl Rjaviv
w`Gq ˆmËvZwÕ¼bx ivGL ‰G`Gki AmsLÅ b`xGK| Avi ‰fvGeB ‰G`k AmsLÅ b`x-bvjvi ˆmËvZavivi cÉv‹Yk¼hÆ I ˆmŒ±`GhÆi Abycg
Qwe nGq IGV|
DîGii mvieÕ§: evsjvG`Gki AmsLÅ b`xGK ˆmËvZwÕ¼bx ivLGZ eiY‚ KYÆdzjx, aGjk¼ix, c«Âv, RjvãxGi Aweij Rj ˆ`q|
M DóxcKwUi fvGe ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi AvVvGiv eQi eqwmG`i Zvi‚YÅ kwÚi w`KwU dzGU DGVGQ| A
‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq Kwe Zvi‚YÅ kwÚi ŠewkÓ¡Å ZzGj aGi Zi‚YG`i RqMvb ˆMGqGQb| Kwei gGZ, Zi‚Yiv mgÕ¦ AbÅvq,
AZÅvPvGii wei‚G«¬ cÉwZev` KGi ^vGK| Zviv ˆ`k I RvwZi RbÅ RxebevwR ivLGZ cvGi| Zviv fq ˆcGZ RvGb bv| A`gÅ mvnm wbGq
me evav-wec` ˆcwiGq hvIqvB ZvG`i AbÅZg ŠewkÓ¡Å|
DóxcGKi KweZvsGkI Zvi‚YÅ kwÚi RqMvb MvIqv nGqGQ| ˆmLvGb Zi‚Yiv ‰K bZzb c†w^exi m®¬vGb ‰wMGq PGj| ZvG`i ‰ Awfhvb
KLGbv ˆ^Gg hvq bv| RxeGbi DÍÏvGm hy«¬ ˆÞGò Zviv cÉvYevwR ivGL| ˆhŒebaGgÆi ‰B ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv AvVvGiv eQi eqwmG`i gvGSI
cÉZÅÞ Kiv hvq| ZvB ejv hvq, DóxcKwUGZ ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi AvVvGiv eQi eqwmG`i Zvi‚YÅ kwÚi w`KwU cÉwZdwjZ
nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcKwUi fvGe ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi AvVvGiv eQi eqwmG`i Zvi‚YÅ kwÚi w`KwU dzGU DGVGQ|
3
N “DóxcGK ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi fve AvswkK cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ”@ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq Kwe wbGRi AwfæZvi AvGjvGK eqtmw®¬KvGji ŠewkÓ¡ÅGK ZzGj aGiGQb| AvVvGiv eQi eqwmiv RxeGbi
SzuwK wbGZ KLGbv wcQcv nq bv| ‰G`i mvgGb ˆKvGbv evavB evav wnGmGe `uvovGZ cvGi bv| ‰iv AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ cÉwZevG` AeZxYÆ
nq| mgÕ¦ `yGhÆvM Avi `yweÆcvK ˆgvKvwejv Kivi cÉvYkwÚ ˆKej ‰ eqGmiB AvGQ| dGj Zviv `yeÆvi MwZGZ mvgGbi w`GK ‰wMGq hvq
KjÅvGYi cG^, cÉMwZi cG^| mGeÆvcwi ‰ eqGmi agÆB nGjv AvñZÅvGMi gnvb gG¯¨ DäxweZ nGq kZ AvNvZ-msNvGZi gvGSI
iÚkc^ wbGq SuvwcGq cov|
DóxcGKi KweZvsGk Zvi‚YÅ kwÚi RqMvb MvIqv nGqGQ| ‰ eqwmivB ˆ`k I RvwZi KjÅvGY iYf„wgGZ cÉvY evwR ivLGZ cvGi| bZzb
RxeGbi m®¬vb ‰ eqwmivB w`Gq ^vGK| g†ZzÅI ZvG`i ‰B Pjvi c^GK AvUKvGZ cvGi bv|
DchyÆÚ AvGjvPbvi ˆcÉwÞGZ ejv hvq, DóxcGK AvVvGiv eQi eqwmG`i bvbv ŠewkÓ¡Å DGV ‰GjI Zv KweZvi mvweÆK wPò ZzGj aiGZ
cvGiwb| KweZvwUGZ AvVvGiv eQi eqwmG`i mÁ·GKÆ AviI AGbK eÚeÅ ZzGj aiv nGqGQ, hv DóxcGKi ռ͸ cwimGi ZzGj aiv mÁ¿e
nqwb| ZvB ejv hvq, “DóxcGKi ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi fve AvswkK cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ”@ g¯e¦ ÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: “DóxcGK ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi fve AvswkK cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ”@ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
cÉk² 3 myRb I Zvi KGqKRb e®¬y wgGj ‘cÉZÅq’ bvGg ‰KwU mvgvwRK msMVb KGiGQ| aƒgcvb I gv`K weGivax mvgvwRK
mGPZbZv m†wÓ¡i jGÞÅ Iiv ˆjLvGjwL KGi, cywÕ¦Kv ˆei KGi ‰es ˆQvULvGUv mgvGeGki AvGqvRb KGi| `y-wZbwU Õ©vGb ‰iv
c^wk÷ I ewÕ¦i ˆQGjGgGqG`i RbÅ Šbkwe`ÅvjqI LyGjGQ| wK¯§ ‰me KgÆKví PvjvGZ wMGq KLGbv KLGbv cvwievwiK I
mvgvwRK evavi mÁÃyLxb nGœQ Zviv| ZvQvov ZvG`i Avw^ÆK cÉwZe®¬KZvI cÉej| Zey SuywK wbGq Iiv `ytmvnGmi mGã gv^v DuPz
KGi KvR KGi hvGœQ|
K. AvVvGiv eQi eqGm Zi‚Yiv AvñvGK ˆKv^vq muGc ˆ`q| 1
L. ‘‰ eqGm ˆKD gv^v ˆbvqvevi bq’@ ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi ‰ D«¬†wZi gvaÅGg Kwe Kx eywSGqGQb? 2
M. “DóxcGKi Zi‚YG`i KGgÆ DäxweZ nIqvi ˆcQGb ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvwU ˆcÉiYvÕ¼i…c”@ DwÚwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi ˆPZbvMZ w`KwU DG®ÂvPGb DóxcKwUi mv^ÆKZv wePvi KGiv| 4
3 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K AvVvGiv eQi eqGm Zi‚Yiv AvñvGK kcG^i ˆKvjvnGj muGc ˆ`q|
L Zvi‚YÅ`xµ¦ AvVvGiv eQi eqwm Zi‚YG`i AvñcÉZÅqx I `ytmvnmx gvbwmKZvGKB Kwe AvGjvPÅ DwÚwUi gvaÅGg ˆevSvGZ
ˆPGqGQb|
AvVvGiv eQi eqGm Zi‚Yiv `ytmvnGm gv^v ˆZvjvi SuywK ˆbq| Zviv Pjvi cG^ ˆhGKvGbv evavGKB c`vNvGZ P„Y-Æ weP„YÆ KGi ˆdGj|
ˆKvGbv AbÅvGqi KvGQB Zviv gv^v bZ KGi bv| ‰ eqGm Zviv `†p AvñcÉZÅGq wbR wbR msK͸ I KGgÆ AUzU ‰es ‰KwbÓ¤ ^vGK|
AvGjvPÅ DwÚwUi gvaÅGg Kwe Zvi‚GYÅi ‰ Õ¼i…cGKB ZzGj aGiGQb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: Zvi‚YÅ`xµ¦ AvVvGiv eQi eqwmiv AvñcÉZÅqx I `ytmvnmx nq eGj Zviv ˆKvGbv AbÅvq ev cÉwZe®¬KZvi KvGQ bZRvby
nq bv|
M myKv¯¦ fëvPvhÆ RxebNwbÓ¤ evÕ¦eZvi ˆcÉÞvcUGK Zuvi ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq ZzGj aGiGQb, hv DóxcGKi Zi‚YG`i
ˆcÉiYvkwÚ wnGmGe KvR KGiGQ|
‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq A`gÅ cÉvYkwÚi AwaKvix Zi‚YG`i K^v ejv nGqGQ| ‰ Zi‚Yiv Õ¼µ² ˆ`GL be RxeGbi, be AMÉMwZ
mvaGbi| ‰ Õ¼µ² evÕ¦evqGb Zviv bZyb kcG^ ejxqvb nGq ‰wMGq hvq `†p c`GÞGc| mewKQyGK ˆcwiGq Zviv m†wÓ¡ KGi mvgvwRK
ŠelgÅ I ˆf`vGf`nxb mgvR|
DóxcKwUGZ Avwid, meyR, Zvwbqvmn wKQy Zi‚Y-Zi‚Yx wgGj ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ bvGg ˆh msMVb ŠZwi KGiGQ, Zvi gƒj DGókÅ
mvgvwRK mGPZbZv m†wÓ¡| ZvG`i mGPZbZvgƒjK KgÆKvGí evav AvGm mgvR I cwievi ˆ^GK| wK¯§ Zvi‚GYÅi A`gÅ kwÚ hvG`i wkGi,
AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi UMeGM iÚ hvG`i ˆ`Gn, ZvG`i `wgGq ivLv hvq bv| Zviv SuywK wbGq `ytmvnGmi mGã gv^v DuPz KGi KvR KGi
hvq| DóxcGK Zi‚Y-Zi‚YxG`i gvbwmKZv, ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi ˆPZbvi mGã Awf®² mÁ·GKÆ hyÚ| DwÚwU ZvB h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: A`gÅ BœQvkwÚB AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi ZiY‚ G`i mKj RwUjZv AwZKÌg Kivi gvbwmKZv ŠZwi KGi ˆ`q| ‰RGbÅB
DóxcGKi Zi‚Yiv KGgÆ DäxweZ nGqGQ ‰es ‰GÞGò ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvwU ZvG`i ˆcÉiYvÕ¼i…c|
4
N myKv¯¦ fëvPvhÆ Zuvi ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq gvbyGli RxeGbi ‰KwU weGkl mgqGK evÕ¦eZvi ˆcÉiYvq ‰uGKGQb, hvi
ewntcÉKvk NGUGQ DóxcGK|
AvGjvPÅ KweZvq Zvi‚GYÅi gvbweK ˆPZbvi ewntcÉKvk NGUGQ| ˆkvlY, wbcxob I eçbvi Awfkvc ˆ^GK ˆ`k Z^v ˆ`Gki
gvbylGK gywÚ ˆ`Iqvi ˆPZbvq DäxweZ Zi‚Y-cÉvY| RxeGbi ‰ mw®¬ÞGY ‰Gm nvRvi Õµ¼ ²GK mdj Kivi cÉqvm ZvG`i n†`Gq|
DóxcGK AvVvGiv eQGii meyR, Awid, Zvwbqvmn AviI KGqKRb Zi‚Y-Zi‚Yx wgGj ˆh mvgvwRK I mvsÕ•‡wZK msMVb MGoGQ
ZvG`i gƒj ˆcÉiYvB Zvi‚GYÅi kwÚ| gv`K I AwkÞvgyÚ mgvR wewbgÆvGY Zviv Šbkwe`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v KGi ‰es mGPZbZvgƒjK bvbv
KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv KGi| DóxcGKi ‰ ˆPZbvi mGã ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi ˆPZbvi hG^Ó¡ wgj LuyGR cvIqv hvq|
mgvRGK e`Gj ˆ`Iqvi, gv`KgyÚ mgvR cËwZÓ¤vi I wbiÞZv `ƒi Kivi ŠbwZK `vwqZ½ wbGqGQ DóxcGKi Zi‚Y ‰ msMVb| ZvG`i
gƒj ˆPZbv ˆ`kGcÉg| ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi mKj ˆPZbvGK cwyu R KGi meyR, AvwidG`i msMVb ‰wMGq wMGqGQ mgÕ¦
cÉwZe®¬KZv ˆcwiGq| ZvB KweZvi ˆPZbvMZ w`K ˆ^GK DóxcKwUi ˆPZbv mv^ÆK|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq cÉKvwkZ Zvi‚GYÅi ˆPZbvMZ w`KwU dzGU DGVGQ DóxcGKi Zi‚YG`i KGgÆi gGaÅ| ZvB
KweZvi ˆPZbvMZ w`K DG¯ÃvPGb DóxcKwU mv^ÆK|
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² N ‘AvVviv eQi eqm’ KweZvi AvGjvGK gvbe RvwZi KjÅvGY
Zvi‚GYÅi AcwinvhÆZvi Õ¼i…c gƒjÅvqb KGiv|
cÉk² 4 IB ˆh, cÉexY, IB ˆh cig cvKv
PÞz KYÆ `yBwU Wvbvq XvKv cÉk² 5 iwdK ˆgvÍÏv ‘Zvi‚GYÅi evav, ˆhvMÅZv I DîiY’
wSgvq ˆhb wPòcGU Avu Kv kxlÆK ‰K ˆmwgbvGi DcwÕ©Z Zi‚YmgvGRi DGóGkÅ ejGjb,
A®¬KvGi e®¬ Kiv LuvPvq| Zi‚Y A^Ævr AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi agÆB nGjv AvñZÅvGMi gnvb
[mƒò: IGi bexb IGi Avgvi KuvPv@ iex±`Êbv^ VvKzi] gG¯¨ DäxweZ nIqv, AvNvZ-msNvGZi gGaÅ iÚkc^ wbGq
K. ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvwU ˆKvb QG±` iwPZ? 1 SuvwcGq cov| mgvR Z^v ˆ`Gki D®q² Gbi wbGRG`i wewKGq
L. AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi RxebGevaGK Kwe ˆKb ZxeËZv ˆ`Iqv| ZGe ‰mGei cvkvcvwk wZwb mveavbx evYx ˆkvbvGjb
I cÉLiZvi mGã Zzjbv KGiGQb? 2 ˆh, ‰ eqGm ˆbwZevPK cÉfveI Kg bq|
M. DóxcGKi mGã ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi Kx K. myKv¯¦ fëvPvhÆ AvMÕ¡ gvGmi KZ ZvwiGL R¯ÃMÉnY
ŠecixZÅ jÞ Kiv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 KGib? 1
N. mgvGRi `yieÕ©v jvNGe DóxcGKi fvebv KZUzKz L. ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm Kx `ytmn’ ejGZ Kwe Kx
mnvqK eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ eywSGqGQb?
KweZvi AvGjvGK gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 M. DóxcGK AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi ˆh BwZevPK w`K
4 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
AvGjvPbv Kiv nGqGQ ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi
K ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvwU gvòve†î QG±` iwPZ|
AvGjvGK Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
L AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi Abyf„wZi ZxeËZv I msGe`bkxjZvi N. DóxcGKi eÚeÅ Zywg mg^Æb KGiv wK? ‘AvVvGiv eQi
RGbÅB Kwe ‰ eqGmi RxebGevaGK ZxeËZv I cÉLiZvi mGã
Zyjbv KGiGQb| eqm’ KweZvi AvGjvGK ˆhŒwÚK weGkÏlY KGiv| 3
AvVvGiv eQi eqm gvbeRxeGbi eqtmw®¬ÞGYi mgq| gvbyGli 5 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
RxeGb Abyf„wZi ZxeËZv I myMfxi msGe`bkxjZv AvVvGiv eQi
eqGmB weGklfvGe cÉKU nGq ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| Avi gvbyGli K myKv¯¦ fëvPvhÆ AvMÕ¡ gvGmi 15 ZvwiGL R¯ÃMÉnY KGib
gGbvRvMwZK cÉwZwKÌqvI ‰ eqGm Mfxi nGq IGV eGj AvVvGiv
eQi eqGmi RxebGevaGK ZxeËZv I cÉLiZvi mGã Zzjbv Kiv L Kwe AvVvGiv eQi eqmGK `ytmn eGjGQb, ˆKbbv ‰ eqGm
nGqGQ| bvbv `ytmvnmx Õ¼µ², K͸bv I DG`ÅvM gbGK wNGi ivGL|
AvVvGiv eQi eqm gvbeRxeGbi ‰K DîiYKvjxb chÆvq|
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGki² DîGii gvbyl ‰ eqGm ŠKGkvi ˆ^GK ˆhŒeGb c`vcÆY KGi|
RbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe AvñwbfÆikxjZvi Zvobv ‰ mgq gbGK AwÕ©i KGi ˆZvGj|
‰ eqGmB Õ¼vaxbfvGe gv^v DuPz KGi `uvovevi SuywK ˆbq gvbyl|
M ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi bexbG`i PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Åi dGj ZvGK ‰K `ytmn AeÕ©vq coGZ nq| ZvB AvVvGiv eQi
w`KàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| eqmwUGK `ytmn wnGmGe wPwn×Z Kiv nGqGQ|
5
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii N. ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqGmB Anin/weivU `ytmvnGmiv ˆ`q
ˆh DuwK|’@ ˆZvgvi cwVZ KweZvi welqwU DóxcGK
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe cwiÓ•vifvGe dzGU DGVGQ@ gƒjÅvqb KGiv|
M . ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq Zi‚YG`i KGgÆvóxcbvi ˆh
cwiPq cvIqv hvq Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| cÉk² 8 B`vbxs e®¬yG`i cvÍÏvq cGo ‰GKevGi bÓ¡ nGq
N ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi gƒjeÚeÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| hvGœQ ivbv| ZzGLvo ˆgavex Qvò ivbv AvRKvj fzGjI
cÉk² 6 iZb ‰K mgq ˆgavex Qvò wQj| wcZvi g†ZÅz i ci wek¼we`ÅvjGqi w`GK cv evovq bv| gv`GKi ˆbkv ZvGK my±`i
‰jvKvi Lvivc ˆQGjG`i mvG^ wgGk gv`KvmÚ nGq cGoGQ|
fwelÅr ˆ^GK wePÅz Z KGiGQ| e®¬y bvgK kò‚G`i Kz-g¯¨Yvq
K. ‘Nyg ˆbB’ myKv¯¦ fëPvGhiÆ ˆKvb RvZxq iPbv? 1 ivbv ‰Lb A®¬Kvi cG^i hvòx| ÷ay PvwiwòK `†pZvi AfvGeB
L. ‘ZvRv ZvRv cÉvGY AmnÅ h¯¨Yv’ eywSGq ˆjGLv| Zvi AvR ‰B Ki‚Y cwiYwZ|
M. DóxcGK ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi ˆKvb w`K K. myKv¯¦ fëvPvhÆ KZ eQi ˆeuGP wQGjb? 1
dzGU DGVGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 L. ‘kcG^i ˆKvjvnj’ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ?@
N. DóxcKwU ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi mvgMÉfve eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
aviY KiGZ cvGiwb@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 M. DóxcGK AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi ˆKvb w`KwUi BwãZ
6 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
K ‘Nyg ˆbB’ myKv¯¦ fëPvGhiÆ KveÅMɯ©| N. DóxcK ‰es ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZv AejÁ¼Gb
L mgvRRxeGb AbÅvq, ˆkvlY, wbcxob I ˆf`-ŠelgÅ Zvi‚GYÅi KiYxq mÁ·GKÆ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
AeGjvKb KGi AvVvGiv eQi eqwm hey GKiv AmnÅ h¯¨Yvq cÉk² 9 Kvw`i AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi hyeK| ZvB Zvi gGb
weÞzº¬ nGq IGV|A ˆhgb iGqGQ Adzi¯¦ kwÚ, ˆZgwb kixGiI iGqGQ Acwimxg
AvVvGiv eQi eqwm Zi‚GYi cÉvY ^vGK ZxeË Avi cÉLi| gb ˆ^GK ˆZR| ZvB Pjvi cG^ ˆKvGbv wKQyGKB evav gGb KGi bv| ˆm
fq, kâv `ƒi KGi ‰ eqGmi Zi‚Yiv `yeÆvi MwZGZ mvgGb ‰wMGq A`gÅ mvnm wbGq mvgGbi w`GK ‰wMGq ˆhGZ AwaK AvMÉn ˆeva
PGj| ˆhŒebGRvqvGi D«v¿ wmZ nGq Zviv A¯G¦ i Amxg kwÚ mçvi KGi| RivRxYÆ g†ZzÅGK ˆm fq cvq bv, RxeGbi AfxÓ¡ jGÞÅ
KiGZ cvGi| ZvBGZv PvicvGki AbÅvq, AZÅvPvi, ˆkvlY-wbcxob ˆcuŒQGZ ˆm e«¬cwiKi| evaÆGKÅi evavGK ˆm DGcÞv KGi
Avi ˆkÉwY-ŠelgÅ ˆ`GL Zvi‚GYÅ fiv ZvRv cÉvGYi Zi‚Yiv gGb RxebmsMÉvGg wjµ¦ nGq meÆvwaK weRq wQwbGq AvbGZB Drmvnx|
fxlY h¯¨Yv Abyfe KGi| ‰me AbvPvi ˆ`GL ZvG`i gb weÞyº¬ K. myKv¯¦ fëvPvGhÆi ŠcZ‡K wbevm ˆKv^vq? 1
nGq IGV weGf`nxb mgvR Movi cÉZÅGq|
L. ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ `yeÆvi MwZGZ c^ PGj ˆKb? 2
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
M. DóxcGKi Kvw`i ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
AvVvGiv eQi eqwmG`i ˆKvb ŠewkÓ¡ÅGK aviY KGi?
M ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq Zi‚YG`i fyj wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbIqvi wbYÆq KGiv| 3
mÁ¿vebvi w`KwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| N. DóxcKwU ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi mÁ·ƒYÆ
N ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq wea†Z BwZevPK I ˆbwZevPK gƒjfveGK aviY KGi Kx? gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
w`GKi gjƒ vqb KGiv| cÉk² 10 m`Å KGjGR fwZÆ nIqv Zzlvi mgvGRi AvU-`kUv
AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk² ˆQGji gGZv fxi‚ bq| ˆh ˆKvGbv wecG` ˆm Amxg mvnwmKZvq
cÉk² 7 KYv mGegvò ŠKGkviGK AwZKÌg KGiGQ| KGjGRi ‰wMGq AvGm| ebÅv, NƒwYÆSomn ˆh ˆKvGbv `yGhÆvGMi ci ˆm
mncvVx ev®¬exG`i cvGk `uvovGbvi RGbÅ Zvi gbUv UvGb| Zvi msMVb wbGq DcwÕ©Z nq `yGhÆvMcƒYÆ ‰jvKvq| mKj
ˆKbbv wKQy ˆQGj KGjGRi ˆgGqG`i mvG^ bvbvfvGe eLvGUcbv cÉwZe®¬KZv `ƒi KGi nvwRi nq M¯¦eÅÕ©Gj| `y`ÆkvMÉÕ¦
KiGZ ^vGK| AeGkGl KYv ˆmB mgÕ¦ eLvGU ˆQGjG`i gvbyGli cvGk wMGq `uvovq|
wei‚G«¬ AeÕ©vb ˆbq| ˆKbbv Zvi‚GYÅi mvnGm AvR ˆm K. ‘Qvocò’ KveÅMɯ©wU KZ mvGj cÉKvwkZ nq? 1
`ytmvnwmbx| L. ‘Õ·aÆvq ˆbq gv^v ˆZvjevi SuywK’@ DwÚwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|2
K. bRi‚j BmjvGgi gGZv weG`Ëvn I msMÉvg ˆKvb Kwei M. DóxcGKi Zzlvi PwiGòi mvnwmKZv ‘AvVvGiv eQi
gGaÅ cwijwÞZ nq? 1 eqm’ KweZvi ˆKvb w`KwUGK ZzGj aGiGQ? eÅvLÅv
L. AvVvGiv eQi eqGmi mGã Õ·aÆv kõwU RwoGq AvGQ KGiv| 3
ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 N. ‘ZzlvGii gGZv Zi‚GYiv AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki PvwjKvkwÚ’@
M. ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvq Zvi‚GYÅi ŠewkGÓ¡Åi ‘AvVvGiv eQi eqm’ KweZvi AvGjvGK g¯¦eÅwU weGkÏlY
mvG^ DóxcGKi KYvi wP¯¦vi mv`†kÅ wbi…cY KGiv| 3 KGiv|
1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969
kvgmyi ivngvb [1929-2006]
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGkv² îi
cÉk² 1 “A¯¦nxb wgwQGji ˆ`k,
mvwi mvwi gvbyGli AvKvGi nGj gƒwZÆgqx
mgÕ¦ Õ¼G`k AvR ivOv ivRcG^|
w`evGjvK nGq ˆdvGU cÉvéj weµÏe
mvZ ˆKvwU gyL nvGm gZ† zÅi iwOb Zxi nvGZ wbGq|
ˆkÉwYe«¬ ‰B wfGo mKGjB mevi AvGM
‰Kevi kò‚GK ˆkl ˆ`Lv ˆ`GL wbGZ Pvq|” [h. ˆev. 16]
K. ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq Kwe ‘Kgjeb’GK KxGmi cÉZxKi…Gc eÅenvi KGiGQb? 1
L. ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq ‘NvZGKi A÷f AvÕ¦vbv’ ejGZ Kwe Kx eywSGqGQb? 2
M. DóxcKwU ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvi ˆh w`KwUGK wbG`Æk KGi Zv ZzGj aGiv| 3
N. “DóxcK ‰es ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZv gvbyGli Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi ‰K AmvaviY wk͸fvlÅ|”@ weGkÏlY KGiv|
4
1 bÁ¼i cÉGk²i Dîi
K ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq Kwe gvbweKZv I KjÅvGYi RMr ˆevSvGZ ‘Kgjeb’ cÉZxKwU eÅenvi KGiGQb|
L ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq 1969 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmbvaxb ˆ`kGK Kwe NvZGKi A÷f AvÕ¦vbv eGjGQb|
1969 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKGMvÓ¤xi AbvPvGii weiG‚ «¬ ZrKvjxb cƒeÆeGãi gvbyl duyGm IGV| ‰KyGki iÚvÚ ˆPZbv RbMGYi
gGb ˆcÉiYv ˆhvMvq| wK¯§ ‰ ˆPZbvi wecixZ kwÚ ˆmmgq evsjvi RbRxebGK wechÆÕ¦ KGi ˆZvGj| kvmKGMvÓ¤x I ZvG`i
ˆ`vmiiv ‰G`Gki wk͸, mvwnZÅ, msÕ•‡wZ, wkÞvmn cÉwZwU ˆÞòGK Aei‚«¬ KGi gvbyGli Ici wbhÆvZb Pvjvq| dGj cyGiv ˆ`k
ˆhb nGq IGV NvZGKi A÷f AvÕ¦vbv|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq 1969 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmbvaxb ˆ`kGK Kwe NvZGKi A÷f AvÕ¦vbv eGjGQb|
M ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq MY-AvG±`vjbGK ˆK±`Ê KGi gvbyGli msMÉvgx ˆPZbv, ˆ`kGcÉg ‰es MYRvMiGYi welqwUGK
DG¯ÃvPb Kiv nGqGQ, hvi cÉwZdjb DóxcGKI jÞ Kiv hvq|
evqv®i² fvlv AvG±`vjGbi KÌgavivq Qvò AmG¯¦vlGK ˆK±`Ê KGi MGo IVv AvG±`vjb 1969 mvGj eÅvcK MY-AfzÅïvGb i…c ˆbq|
‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvwU ˆm mgGqi evOvwji ˆPZbvMZ DrKGlÆi cUf„wgGZ iwPZ| RvwZMZ ˆkvlY I wbcxoGbi wei‚G«¬
‰G`Gki mvaviY gvbyl Þzº¬ nGq IGV 1969-‰| Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb Zuvi ‰ KweZvq wewf®² ˆkÉwY-ˆckvi gvbyGli Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ
msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi AmvaviY ‰K wk͸fvlÅ iPbv KGiGQb| DóxcGKI ‰KB iKg msMÉvgx ˆPZbv, ˆ`kGcÉg I MYRvMiGYi
cÉwZdjb NGUGQ|
DóxcGK weµÏex gvbyGli mgw®¼Z msMÉvGg ˆ`k cwiYZ nGqGQ A¯¦nxb wgwQGji ˆ`Gk| g†ZzÅfqGK DGcÞv KGi Zviv AZÅvPvix
kvmGKi wei‚G«¬ ivRcG^ ˆbGg ‰GmGQ| g†ZÅz i iwOb Zxi wbGq mvZ ˆKvwU gvbyl AvR weµÏGei ˆbkvq ˆgGZ DGVGQ| mgÕ¦ gvbyl
ˆkÉwYe«¬ nGq AGcÞv KGi AvGQ kò‚GK ˆkl ˆ`Lv ˆ`GL ˆbIqvi RGbÅ| eÕ§Z cvVÅ KweZvq ˆh msMÉvgx ˆPZbv, ˆ`kGcÉg,
MYRvMiGYi cwÉ Zdjb Avgiv jÞ KGiwQ, DóxcGK ˆm w`KwUB cybivq cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq MY-AvG±`vjbGK ˆK±`Ê KGi gvbyGli msMÉvgx ˆPZbv, ˆ`kGcÉg ‰es MYRvMiGYi welqwUGK
DG¯ÃvPb Kiv nGqGQ, hvi cÉwZdjb AvGQ DóxcGK|
N Kwe ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq wewf®² ˆkÉwY-ˆckvi gvbyGli Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi ˆh AmvaviY wk͸fvlÅ iPbv
KGiGQb@ DóxcKwUGZ ˆmB ‰KB welq cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ|
‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvwU ‰KB mGã msMÉvgx ˆPZbv, ˆ`kGcÉg I MYRvMiGYi KweZv| ‰i ˆcÉÞvcGU iGqGQ meÆÕ¦Gii gvbyGli
AskMÉnGYi gaÅ w`Gq fvlv AvG±`vjb ‰es ‰B ˆPZbvi wbwiGL cieZxÆGZ EbmîGii MY-AfzÅïvb msNwUZ nIqvi K^v|
2
DóxcGK Abycg wk͸fvGlÅ ˆkÉwYe«¬ gvbyGli weµÏGe AeZxYÆ nIqvi w`KwU DG¯ÃvPb Kiv nGqGQ| ‰LvGb mvwi mvwi gvbyGli
wgwQGj Õ¼G`k ˆhb cÉvYe¯¦ nGq DGVGQ| ˆ`Gki msMÉvgx gvbyGli iGÚ ivOv ivRc^ ˆhb Avevi g‚LwiZ nGq DGVGQ| Avi mvZ
ˆKvwU gvbyl ˆhb g†ZÅz i iwOb Zxi wbGq AGcÞvq AvGQ kò‚GK ˆkl ˆ`Lv ˆ`GL ˆbIqvi RGbÅ|
‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvwU 1952 mvGji HwZnvwmK ivÓ¡Çfvlv AvG±`vjGbi KÌgavivq Qvò AmG¯¦vlGK ˆK±`Ê MGo IVv 1969
mvGji MY-AvG±`vjGbi cUf„wgKvq iwPZ| kni I MÉvGgi mKj ˆkÉwY-ˆckvi gvbyl ‰B AvG±`vjGb AskMÉnY KGi| cÉZů¦ MÉvg-
Mé, nvU-evRvi, Kj-KviLvbvi HKÅe«¬ gvbyl ˆmw`b ˆhvM ˆ`q XvKvi ivRcG^| Kwe wewf®² ˆkÉwY-ˆckvi gvbyGli ˆmB
Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi AmvaviY ‰K wk͸fvlÅ iPbv KGiGQb ‰ KweZvq| ‘ˆde‚qË vwi 1969’ KweZv I DóxcK DfqGÞGò
gvbyGli Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ msMÉvgx ˆPZbv cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ AmvaviY gwngvq| ZvB cÉGk² DGÍÏwLZ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq wewf®² ˆkÉwY-ˆckvi gvbyGli Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi ˆh AmvaviY
wkÍf¸ vlÅ iPbv KGiGQb@ DóxcKwUGZ ˆmB ‰KB welq cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ|
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cGÉ kv² îi
cÉk² 2 fvlv AvG±`vjGbi c^ aGiB AvGm DbmîGii MY-AfzÅïvb, mîGii mvaviY wbeÆvPb, ‰KvîGii gnvb gywÚh«y ¬ ‰es
meGkGl AvGm cig AvKvw›ÞZ Õ¼vaxbZv| ‰ nGœQ ‰K avivevwnKZv ev ciÁ·iv| ˆh ciÁ·ivq cƒeÆmƒwiG`i Av`kÆGK Dîimƒwiiv
aviY KGi, enb KGi wbGq hvq cÉR¯Ã ˆ^GK cÉR¯Ãv¯¦Gi| A
K. kvgmyi ivngvGbi cÉ^g KweZv ˆKvb cwòKvq cÉKvwkZ nq?1
L. “Iiv kwnG`i SjwKZ iGÚi ey«¼y`, ÕÆwZMG®¬ ficyi”@ eÅvLÅv KGiv|2
M. ‘eywS ZvB DwbkGkv EbmîGiI Avevi mvjvg bvGg ivRcG^, kƒGbÅ ˆZvGj dÑÅvM’@cO&wÚwUi gaÅ w`Gq DóxcGK dzGU
IVv w`KwU wPwn×Z KGiv| 3
N. “DóxcGKi gƒjfve ‰es ‘ˆde‚qË vwi 1969’ KweZvi gƒjfve ‰KmƒGò Mvu ^v|” g¯¦eÅwUi h^v^ÆZv cÉgvY KGiv| 4
2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K kvgmyi ivngvGbi cÉ^g KweZv ‘mvµ¦vwnK ˆmvbvi evsjv’ cwòKvq cKÉ vwkZ nq| | A
L Kwei gGb ˆhb fvlv kwn`G`i iGÚi ey«`¼y K‡úP„ov dzj nGq DGVGQ, hv AvGjvPÅ cO&wÚGZ eÅÚ nGqGQ| A
knGii cG^ dzGU IVv K‡úP„ovq Kwe ‰KzGki ˆPZbvi is ˆ`LGZ cvb| Zvi gGb nq ˆhb, fvlvi RbÅ hviv Rxeb DrmMÆ KGiGQb
ZvG`i ZÅvM Avi gwngv gƒZÆ nGq DGVGQ jvj K‡úP„ovi Õ¦eGK Õ¦eGK, cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwU «¼viv K‡úP„ovi jvj is ‰i gaÅ w`Gq fvlv
kwn`G`i gnvb AvñZÅvGMi ÕÆwZ ‰es ˆPZbvi w`KwUGK BwãZ Kiv nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: Kwei gGb ˆhb fvlv kwn`G`i iGÚi ey«¼y` K‡úP„ov dzj nGq DGVGQ, hv AvGjvPÅ cO&wÚGZ eÅÚ nGqGQ|
M ‘eywS ZvB DwbkGkv EbmîGiI Avevi mvjvg bvGg ivRcG^, kƒGbÅ ˆZvGj dÑÅvM’@ cO&wÚwUGZ AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ evOvwji
wPi¯¦b cÉwZev`x gGbvfve dzGU DGVGQ, hv DóxcGKI jÞYxq| A
‘ˆdeËyqvwi 1969’ KweZvq 1969-‰i MY-AfzÅïvGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ| AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ cƒeÆmƒwiG`i cÉwZev`x AvG±`vjbB cieZÆx
cÉwZevG`i ˆcÉiYv I mvnm RywMGqGQ| DóxcGKi eÚGeÅI ‰i cÉwZdjb cvIqv hvq|
DóxcGK AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ evOvwji cÉwZev` I RqjvGfi avivevwnK i…c ZzGj aiv nGqGQ| 1952-‰i fvlv AvG±`vjb, 1969-
‰i MY-AfzÅïvb, 1970-‰i wbeÆvPb I 1971-‰i gnvb gywÚhGy «¬i K^v ejv nGqGQ| ‰ AvG±`vjbàGjv cƒeÆmƒwiG`i Av`kÆGK
DîimƒwiG`i gvGS cÉevwnZ Kivi R¾j¯¦ D`vniY| AvGjvPÅ cO&wÚwUGZ ‰ w`KwUB dzGU DGVGQ| 1969-‰i MY-AfzÅïvGb ˆRGM
IVv gvbylàGjv ˆhb 1952-i fvlv AvG±`vjGbi mvjvGgiB cÉwZœQwe| RvZxq msKGU hLbB cÉGqvRb nq ZLbB ˆcÉiYv ˆRvMvq
mvjvGgi Av`kÆ| ˆh Av`kÆ cÉRG¯Ãi ci cÉR¯ÃGK cÉwZev`x nGZ ˆkLvq| ‰ fvewUB DóxcGK dzGU DGVGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘ˆdeËyqvwi 1969’ KweZvq 1969-‰i MY-AfzÅïvGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ| AbÅvGqi weiG‚ «¬ cƒeÆmƒwiG`i cÉwZev`x
AvG±`vjbB cieZÆx cÉwZevG`i ˆcÉiYv I mvnm RywMGqGQ| DóxcGKi eÚGeÅI ‰i cÉwZdjb cvIqv hvq|
N “DóxcGKi gƒjfve ‰es ‘ˆde‚qË vwi 1969’ KweZvi gjƒ fve ‰KmƒGò Mvu ^v”@ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ| A
‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ msMÉvgx ˆPZbv, ˆ`kGcÉg I MYRvMiGYi KweZv| RvwZMZ ˆkvlY I wbcxoGbi wei‚G«¬ ‰G`Gki gvbyl ˆh
evievi ˆRGM DGVGQ ZviB `wjj ‰B KweZv| AvGjvPÅ DóxcGKI evOvwji msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
3
DóxcGK mgGqi avivevwnKZvq evOvwji cÉwZev`x gGbvfve, ˆ`kGcÉg I MYRvMiGYi K^v ejv nGqGQ| 1952, 1969, 1970 I
1971 mvGji avivevwnK NUbvàGjv DÚ w`KàGjviB ewntcÉKvk| AvGjvPÅ KweZvq 1969-‰i MY-AfzÅïvGbi K^v ejGZ wMGq
evOvwji ˆ`kvñGevGai Av`kÆ, msMÉvg I ZÅvGMi w`KwU gƒZÆ nGq DGVGQ|
‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq Kwe evOvwji Avñ`vb I AvñvüwZi ˆcÉiYvGK ggZv I kÉ«¬vi mvG^ dzwUGq ZzGjGQb| ‰KB mvG^ 1969-
‰i MYRvMiGYi ˆcQGb 1952-‰i Av`kÆ I ˆPZbvi cÉfveGKI ZvrchgÆ q KGi ZzGjGQb wZwb| DóxcGKi NUbveGZÆI exi evOvwji
cÉwZev`x Av`GkÆi w`KwU ZvrchgÆ q nGq DGVGQ| AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ evOvwji AvG±`vjGbi Av`kÆ ˆh cƒeÆmƒwi ˆ^GK DîimƒwiGZ engvb
ZviI DGÍÏL iGqGQ| AvengvbKvj aGi evOvwji msMÉvgx gGbvfve Av`kÆ I ˆPZbv cÉR¯Ã ˆ^GK cÉR¯Ãv¯¦Gi mçvwiZ nGqGQ| RvZxq
KÌvw¯¦jG™² ‰Lvb ˆ^GK ˆcÉiYv wbGqB AMÉmi nGqGQ RvwZ| Avi ‰ w`KwUi eYÆbvmƒGò DóxcK I KweZvi gƒjfve ‰K nGq DGVGQ|
ˆmw`K weGePbvq cÉGkv² Ú g¯¦eÅwU h^vh^|
DîGii mvieÕ§: AvengvbKvj aGi evOvwji msMÉvgx gGbvfve Av`kÆ I ˆPZbv cÉR¯Ã ˆ^GK cÉR¯Ãv¯¦Gi mçvwiZ nGqGQ| RvZxq
KÌvw¯¦jG™² ‰Lvb ˆ^GK ˆcÉiYv wbGqB AMÉmi nGqGQ RvwZ| Avi ‰ w`KwUi eYÆbvmƒGò DóxcK I KweZvi gƒjfve ‰K nGq DGVGQ|
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
cÉk² 3 Zvbwfi evevi mvG^ kwn` wgbvGi ‰GmGQ| ˆm
M ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq mvjvg-eiKZ Pwiò gƒjZ
ˆLqvj Kij, kwn` wgbvi msj™² cjvk MvGQ dzj dzGUGQ| ‰KzGki ˆPZbvGK aviY KGi@ KxfvGe Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv|
Zvbwfi fvej, UKUGK jvjiOv cjvk dzj ˆhb kwn`G`i N ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZv AejÁ¼Gb AvgvG`i RvZxq
ˆPZbvi RvMiGY fvlv AvG±`vjGbi ZvrchÆ weGkÏlY KGiv|
ÕÆwZGKB wbGRG`i ˆfZi aGi ˆiGLGQ| Zvbwfi gGb gGb
kc^ wbj, wbGRGK ˆm ‰KRb Av`kÆ ˆ`kGmeK wnGmGe MGo
ZzjGe| ˆ`Gki gvbyGli gyGL nvwm ˆdvUvGe| AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk²
K. ‘Avevi dzGUGQ `ÅvGLv’@ Kx ˆdvUvi K^v ejv
nGqGQ? 1 cÉk² 4 ‘ˆn K‡lK ˆÞGZi gRyi
L. ‘mvjvGgi ˆPvGL AvR AvGjvwPZ XvKv’@ eÅvLÅv Qvò-e®¬y, kgÉ Rxex ˆgŒwjK gvbyl
KGiv| 2 ˆn Kvgvi ˆn KGz gvi ˆRGj ZuvwZ gvwS gvÍÏv Kzwj
M. DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ cjvk dzj mÁ·wKÆZ ZvbwfGii ‰Kevi cÉvY LyGj Kvb ˆcGZ aGiv
fvebv ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvi ˆKvb cmÉ Gãi mvG^ ‰Kevi A¯¦`†ÆwÓ¡ ˆgGj aGi `ÅvGLv
mv`†kÅcƒYÆ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 gvbyl wK RvGM bvB A®¬Kvi Zvovwbqv mƒGhÆi gGZvb
N. ‘fvlv AvG±`vjb AvgvG`i wPiKvjxb ˆcÉiYvi Drm|’ gvbyl wK RvGM bvB ZydvGbi cÉPí MwZGZ?’
DóxcK I ˆde‚qË vwi 1969 KweZvi AvGjvGK wkLbdj-3
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 K. Kvi gGy L kÅvgj cƒeÆ evsjv? 1
3 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi L. ˆPZbvi iGOi wecixZ is ˆPvGL fvGjv jvGM bv
K K‡úP„ov djz ˆdvUvi K^v ejv nGqGQ| ˆKb? 2
L ‘mvjvGgi ˆPvGL AvR AvGjvwPZ XvKv’ ejGZ mgGeZ M. DóxcGKi mvG^ ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvi mv`†kÅ
evOvwji RbGmÉvZGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
1952 mvGj fvlv AvG±`vjGb AskMÉnY KGi ‰G`Gki Avcvgi KZUzKz? 3
RbZv| Zviv ‰GmwQj ˆ`Gki wewf®² cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK| XvKv cwiYZ
nGqwQj RbmgGy `Ë| cieZxÆGZ, cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKGMvÓ¤xi ˆkvlY N. DóxcGKi KweZvwU ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvi
I eçbvi weiG‚ «¬ AvG±`vjGbi RGbÅ ‰KB wPGòi cybive†wî
NGU 1969 mvGji MY-AfzÅïvGb| wewf®² cÉv¯¦ ˆ^GK AmsLÅ cÉwZa»wb gvò”- eywSGq ˆjGLv| 4
gvbyl XvKvq RGov nq ZvG`i AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ| DwÍÏwLZ
PiYwU «¼viv fvlv AvG±`vjGbi gGZv 1969-‰i MY-AvG±`vjGb cÉk²5 1969 mvGji cƒeÆevsjv| Kx ‰K RxebÕ·kÆx gG¯¨i
XvKvq HKÅe«¬ RbZvi AeÕ©vbGKB ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
gyGL weGÕ¹vwiZ MÉvg| wgwUs Avi wgwQj, àwjelÆY Avi KviwdD
fvOv MY-Av`vjZ me RvqMvq ˆdGU cGo ˆÞvf I weG`Ëvn| me
gvbyGliB n†`Gq AwfGlK NGU ‰KwU AwePj jGÞÅ@ gywÚ|
K. ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvwU ˆKvb KveÅMɯ© ˆ^GK
ˆbqv nGqGQ? 1
4
L. DwbkGkv DbmîGiI Avevi mvjvg ivRcG^ bvGg Õ¼vaxbZv Zzwg
ˆKb? 2 gRyi hyevi ˆivG` SjwmZ `Þ evüi MÉw¯©j ˆcwk|
M. ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq DóxcGKi ˆKvb ˆPZbvi K. ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvq ‰KzGki K‡úP„ov Kx? 1
cÉKvk NGUGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 L. `ytwLbx gvZvi AkÉ‚RGj ˆdvGU dzj ejGZ Kx
N. “DóxcKwUi gywÚ cÉZÅvkxivB ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
KweZvi gƒjfve”@ g¯¦eÅwU weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 M. ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvi ˆKvb fvewU DóxcGK dzGU
cÉk² 6 Õ¼vaxbZv Zzwg DGVGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
dmGji gvGV K‡lGKi nvwm
Õ¼vaxbZv Zzwg N. ‘ˆdeË‚qvwi 1969’ KweZvi cÉZÅvkv DóxcGK gƒZÆ nGq
ˆivG`jv `ycGy i gaÅcyKzGi MÉvgÅGgGqi Aeva muvZvi
DGVGQ@ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ
Avey Rvdi Ievq`yÍÏvn [1934@2001]
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi
cÉk² 1 ˆn Avgvi ˆ`k, ebÅvi gGZv
mgÕ¦ AwfæZvi cwjgvwUGK MwoGq ‰Gb ‰KwU ˆPZbvGK
DeÆi KGiwQ;
‰LvGb AvgvG`i g†ZÅz I RxeGbi mw®¬,
mgy`Ë ŠmKGZ `ytmvnmx bvweGKi KGivwUi ˆfZi ˆhgb
`ƒiw`MG¯¦i nvIqv nvnvKvi KGi
ˆZgwb ‰LvGb iGqGQ ‰KwU ˆKvgj bvixi AvkvnZ n†`q
‰LvGb iGqGQ gv Avi wcZv,
fvB Avi ˆevb, Õ¼Rb weayi cwiRb
Avi Zzwg Avwg, ˆ`k Avgvi| [w`. ˆev. 16]
K. ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvwU ˆKvb QG±` iwPZ? 1
L. ‘Zuvi wcGV iÚRevi gGZv ÞZ wQj’@ ˆKb? 2
M. DóxcGK D«¬†Z ‘cwjgvwU’ ‰es KweZvq D«¬†Z ‘cwjgvwUi ˆmŒif’ ‰KB A^Æ enb KGi wKbv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. “DóxcKwUGZ ‘Avwg wKse`w¯i¦ K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi gGZvB evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm wea†Z nGqGQ|”@
ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
1 bÁ¼i cÉGk²i Dîi
K ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvwU M`ÅQG±` iwPZ|
L evOvwj RvwZi Ici AZÅvPvGii BwZnvm eÅÚ KiGZ wMGq Kwe cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwU KGiGQb|
‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq Kwe AvgvG`i cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i mÁ·GKÆ eGjGQb| civaxbZvi KviGY cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i Ici evievi
AgvbywlK AZÅvPvi ˆbGg ‰GmGQ| wcGV iÚRevi gGZv ÞZ ejGZ cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i civaxbZvGKB wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ| weG`wk kò‚iv
AvgvG`i mvG^ KÌxZ`vGmi gGZv AvPiY KiZ| Avi ZvB, cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i Ici ZvG`i AZÅvPvGii gvòv ˆevSvGZB AvGjvPÅ PiYwUi
AeZviYv Kiv nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: wcGV iÚRevi gGZv ÞZ ejGZ AvgvG`i cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i civaxb AeÕ©vGK wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ|
M gvwUi KvQvKvwQ ^vKv gvbyGli BwZnvm eYÆbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ DóxcGKi ‘cwjgvwU’ ‰es KweZvq D«¬†Z ‘cwjgvwUi ˆmŒif’ ‰KB
A^Æ enb KGi|
‘Avwg wKse`w¯i¦ K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi ˆcÉÞvcGU iGqGQ evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm| Kwe Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i mvnmx I
ˆMŒiGevä¾j BwZnvGmi K^v DcÕ©vcGbi gaÅ w`Gq eÚeÅGK ‰wMGq wbGq ˆMGQb| Kwei ewYÆZ ‰ BwZnvm gƒjZ gvwUi KvQvKvwQ ^vKv
gvbyGli BwZnvm; evsjvi Kw‡ lRxex AbvhÆ f„wg`vmG`i jovB KGi ˆeuGP ^vKvi BwZnvm| ‰ KweZvq D«¬†Z ‘cwjgvwUi ˆmŒif’ K‡wlRxex
gvbyGli RxebmsMÉvGgi HwZnÅGK wbG`Æk KGi|
DóxcGK evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm wea†Z nGqGQ| ‰LvGb ˆh ˆPZbvi K^v ejv nGqGQ Zv evOvwji RvZxqZvevG`i
ˆPZbv| Avi ‰B ˆPZbv bvbv NUbv-ciÁ·ivi gaÅ w`Gq weKwkZ nGqGQ nvRvi eQi aGi| ‰LvGb cwjgvwUi AwfæZv ejGZ ‰G`Gk
K‡wlRxex gvbyGli Rxeb-msMÉvGgi HwZnÅGK wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ| ‰w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGK D«¬†Z ‘cwjgvwU’ ‰es KweZvq D«¬†Z
‘cwjgvwUi ˆmŒif’ ‰KB A^Æ enb KGi|
DîGii mvieÕ§: gvwUi KvQvKvwQ ^vKv gvbyGli BwZnvm eYÆbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ DóxcGKi ‘cwjgvwU’ ‰es KweZvq D«¬†Z ‘cwjgvwUi ˆmŒif’
‰KB A^Æ enb KGi|
2
N ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm wea†Z nGqGQ, hv DóxcGKI wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ|
AvGjvPÅ KweZvq Õ©vb ˆcGqGQ evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm ‰es evOvwj RvwZi msMÉvGgi Awb±`Å Abylãmgƒn| Kwe Zuvi
cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i mvnmx I ˆMŒiGevä¾j BwZnvGmi K^v DcÕ©vcGbi gaÅ w`Gq Zuvi eÚeÅGK ‰wMGq wbGq ˆMGQb|
DóxcGKi KweZvq mgÕ¦ cwjgvwUi AwfæZvGK MwoGq ‰Gb ˆh ˆPZbvGK DeÆi Kivi K^v ejv nGqGQ Zv evOvwj RvwZi `xNÆw`Gbi
BwZnvm I HwZGnÅi ˆPZbvGK wbG`Æk KGi| gv-evev, fvB-ˆevb, Õ¼Rb-cwiRb wbGq ˆh wPivqZ evOvwj mgvR, ˆm mgvGRi K^vB
Kwe ‰LvGb eGjGQb| Kwei gGZ, ˆ`Gki mvG^ mvaviY gvbyGli AvwñK e®¬b iPbvi gaÅ w`Gq MGo DGVGQ AvgvG`i nvRvi eQGii
msÕ•‡wZ|
‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ ‰es AvGjvPÅ DóxcK DfqGÞGòB evOvwji BwZnvm I msÕ•‡wZi K^v ewYÆZ nGqGQ| cvVÅ
KweZvwUGZ DœPvwiZ nGqGQ HwZnÅmGPZb I ˆkKom®¬vbx gvbyGli meÆvãxb gywÚi `†µ¦ ˆNvlYv| cËK‡ZcGÞ, ‰i ˆcÉÞvcGU
iGqGQ nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm| cvkvcvwk DGV ‰GmGQ ‰ RvwZi msMÉvg, weRq I gvbweK D«¿vmGbi bvbv wPò| DóxcGKI iGqGQ
‰KB aiGbi eÚeÅ| ˆmw`K weGePbvq ejv hvq, DóxcKwUGZ ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi gGZvB evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi
nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm wea†Z nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZv ‰es AvGjvPÅ DóxcGK evOvwji nvRvi eQGii BwZnvm I msÕ•‡wZi K^vB weaZ†
nGqGQ|
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cGÉ k²vîi
cÉk² 2 evsjvG`Gki gywÚhGy «¬i mgq ‘KweZv’ eo f„wgKv cvjb KGiwQj| weGkl KGi cÉwZev`x I msMÉvgx ˆPZbv mçvGii gaÅ
w`Gq KweZv evOvwjGK hyG«¬ Drmvn RywMGqwQj|
K. ˆKv^vq DœPvwiZ cÉwZwU gyÚ kõ KweZv? 1
L. ‘iÚRevi gGZv cwÉ ZGiva’ ejGZ KweZvq Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
M. DóxcGK ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi ˆKvb welqwU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ? AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. ‘KweZv evOvwjGK w`GqGQ cÉwZev` I cÉwZGivGai fvlv’@ DóxcK I ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi AvGjvGK
weGkÏlY KGiv| 2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi 4
K wRn»vq DœPvwiZ cÉwZwU gyÚ kõ KweZv|
L ‘iÚRevi gGZv cwÉ ZGiva’ ejGZ iÚÞqx hy«¬GK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
cÉwZGiva gvGb jovB| Avi jovB gvGbB iGÚi ÞiY| RxeGb Õ¼vaxbZv I Õ¼G`Gki gywÚi RbÅ cÉGqvRb kò‚i wei‚G«¬ jovB| ˆh
jovBGq cÞ-wecÞ DfGqiB iÚRevi iGOi gGZv iÚ SGi| ‰B iÚSiv cÉwZGivaB nGjv Õ¼vaxbZv I gywÚ ARÆGbi cƒeÆkZÆ| ‘iÚ
Revi gGZv cÉwZGiva’ ejGZ ‰UvB ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ SGi |
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘iÚRevi gGZv cÉwZGiva’ ejGZ iÚÞqx h«y ¬GK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
M ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq cÉwZwU gyÚ kõ I msMxZGK KweZv ejv nGqGQ, hv ˆPZbvMZ w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi
mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
gywÚhGy «¬i mgq ˆhv«¬vG`i ˆPZbvGK ˆh welqMGjv meGPGq Dóxµ¦ KGiGQ, Zvi gGaÅ KweZv AbÅZg| KweZvi DïvGb AbycÉvwYZ
nGq gywÚGhv«¬viv mvnm I kwÚ mçq KGiwQj|
DóxcGK Õ¼vaxbZv hyG«¬ KweZvi Ae`vGbi K^v cvIqv hvq| hGy «¬i mgq ‰G`Gki ˆ`kGcÉwgK Kwe-mvwnwZÅKiv ZvG`i KjGgi
fvlvq h«y ¬ KGiwQGjb| KweZv, Mvb BZÅvw`i gvaÅGg ˆKvwU ˆKvwU gvbyl hy«¬ Kivi AbyGcÉiYv ˆcGqwQj| ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v
ejwQ’ KweZvqI h«y ¬ I AfzÅïvGbi AbyGcÉiYv wnGmGe KweZvi K^v cvIqv hvq| Kwei gGZ@ iÚRevi gGZv cÉwZGivGai
DœPviY gvGbB KweZv, hv ˆPZbvMZ w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq cÉwZwU gyÚ kõ I msMxZGK KweZv ejv nGqGQ, hv ˆPZbvMZ w`K
ˆ^GK DóxcGKi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
N ‘KweZv evOvwjGK w`GqGQ cÉwZev` I cÉwZGivGai fvlv’@ DwÚwU DóxcK I ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi AvGjvGK
weGkÏlY Kivi `vwe ivGL|
ˆKvGbv RvwZi RvwZmîvi ˆeva RvMÉZ nq KweZv, Mvb BZÅvw`i gvaÅGg| gƒjZ hGy M hyGM KweZv, Mvb ˆKvGbv bv ˆKvGbv fvGe
gvbyGli ˆPZbvGK kvwYZ KGiGQ|
3
DóxcGK evsjvG`Gki gywÚhGy «¬ KweZvi mswkÏÓ¡Zvi K^v iGqGQ| gywÚh«y ¬ PjvKvGj gywÚGhv«¬vG`i Drmvn ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ ˆ`Gki
Kweiv wjGLGQb Abe`Å me KweZv, hvi gvaÅGg gywÚGhv«¬viv mvnm I kwÚ LuyGR ˆcGqGQ| ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvGK
mgÕ¦ cÉwZev` Avi cÉwZGivGai Awgq evYxi…Gc DcÕ©vcb Kiv nGqGQ|
KweZvi cÉwZ hvi fvGjvevmv AvGQ, ˆmB-B cvGi mkÕ¨ msMÉvGgi gaÅ w`Gq my±`i AfzÅïvb NUvGZ| ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’
KweZvq Kwei ‰B gZvgZ AZů¦ myÓ·Ó¡| KviY mkÕ¨ AfzÅïvGbi mgq cÉGZÅK mvnmx gvbyl KweZvq-MvGb AbycvÉ wYZ nb| ZvB
ejv hvq ˆh, cÉGkv² Ú DwÚwU DóxcK I ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi AvGjvGK my±`i I mv^ÆK nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGK evsjvG`Gki gywÚhGy «¬ KweZvi mswkÓÏ ¡Zvi K^v iGqGQ| ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvGZI
mgÕ¦ cÉwZev` Avi cÉwZGivGai Awgq evYxi…Gc DcÕ©vcb Kiv nGqGQ|
cÉk² 3 Avwg RG¯ÃwQ evsjvq, Avwg evsjvq K^v ewj,
Avwg evsjvi Avjc^ w`Gq nvRvi eQi Pwj|
Pwj cwjgvwU ˆKvgGj Avgvi Pjvi wPn× ˆdGj|
ˆZGivkZ b`x ÷avq AvgvGK, ‘ˆKv^v ˆ^GK Zywg ‰Gj?’
Avwg ˆZv ‰GmwQ PhvÆ cG`i AÞiàGjv ˆ^GK|
Avwg ˆZv ‰GmwQ mI`vMGii wWãvi eni ˆ^GK|
Avwg ˆZv ‰GmwQ ŠKeGZÆi weG`Ëvnx MvÉ g ˆ^GK|
Avwg ˆZv ‰GmwQ cvjhMy bvGg wPòKjvi ˆ^GK|
Avwg ˆh ‰GmwQ Rqevsjvi eRËK¥¤ ˆ^GK|
Avwg ˆh ‰GmwQ ‰KvîGii gwy Úh«y ¬ ˆ^GK|
K. Kvi wcGV iÚRevi gGZv ÞZ wQj? 1
L. Kwe evievi Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚Gli K^v DGÍÏL KGiGQb ˆKb? 2
M. DóxcGKi mvG^ ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi ˆPZbvMZ mv`†kÅ ˆKv^vq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. evsjvG`Gki gywÚhGy «¬i K^v DóxcK I ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq ‰KBfvGe ‰GmGQ| g¯¦eÅwUi cGÞ
ˆZvgvi hwy Ú DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 4
3 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K Kwei cƒeÆcyi‚Gli wcGV iÚRevi gGZv ÞZ wQj|
L KweZvq evOvwji AZxZ HwZnÅ I ˆMŒiGevä¾j BwZnvGmi K^v wea†Z nGqGQ|
Kwei cƒeÆcyi‚l nvRvi eQGii HwZnÅ mGPZb wkKom®¬vbx gvbyl; ˆh gvbyl Zvi gywÚi jovB, msMÉvg, weRq I gvbweK D«¿vmGbi
`†µ¦ kcG^ cÉwZæve«¬| wK¯¦y ˆm gvbyl mfÅZvi Avw`j™² ˆ^GKB AZÅvPvi I kòi‚ fxi‚ AvKgÌ GYi wkKvi eGj AvRI Zvi kixGi
I gGb eGq PjGQ mnmË AvNvGZi wPn×| ZvB Kwe KweZvi cÉwZwU PiGY KxÌ Z`vGmi gGZv jovB KGi wUGK ^vKvi hGy «¬ Zuvi
cƒeÆcyi‚l I gvbegywÚi AvKv›Þvq ˆmvœPvi ˆ^GKGQb| Avi ‰ KviGYB wZwb evievi DGÍÏL KGiGQb Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚Gli K^v|
DîGii mvieÕ§: Kwe Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚Gli mvnmx I ˆMŒiGevä½j BwZnvGmi K^v DcÕ©vcGbi RGbÅ KweZvq evievi Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚Gli K^v
DGÍÏL KGiGQb|
M nvRvi eQGii evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi BwZnvm I HwZGnÅi ˆcÉÞvcGU DóxcGKi mvG^ ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi
ˆPZbvMZ mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvwU iPbvi ˆcÉÞvcGU AvGQ evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi wPivqZ aviv, evOvwj RvwZi msMÉvGg weRq I gvbweK
D«¿vmGbi Abylã| evOvwji ceƒ Æcyi‚Gli mvnwmKZvi ˆMŒiGeväj½ BwZnvGmi K^v DcÕ©vwcZ nGqGQ KweZvwUGZ| ‰B BwZnvm gvwUi
KvQvKvwQ ^vKv gvbylG`i BwZnvm, hviv evsjvi K‡wlRxex AbvhÆ| evsjvi ‰B m¯v¦ biv jovB KGi ÷ay wUGKB ^vGKbwb; gvbe mfÅZvi
BwZnvGm evOvwj msÕ•‡wZ, HwZnÅ I wPivqZ ˆPZbvGK AwawÓ¤Z KGiGQb ‰K AmvgvbÅ DœPZv I fvGjvevmvi AvmGb|
DóxcGK eü`xNÆ c^cwiKÌgvi gaÅ w`Gq ‰wMGq Pjv evsjv I evOvwji ˆMŒiGei K^v eÅÚ nGqGQ| ‰GZ ejv nGqGQ AvRGKi
evOvwj m¯¦vb R¯Ã jvf KGiGQ Avw` evsjvi ˆKvGj, PGjGQ evsjvi ˆfRv cwjgvwU gvLv cG^ ‰es ‰B evsjvi wkÍ-¸ msÕ•‡wZ,
mvwnZÅ I mfÅZvi wb`kÆbàGjvGK cwyu R KGiB ‰wMGq PGjGQ evOvwji Rxebaviv| DóxcGK PhÆvcG`i AÞi, mI`vMGii wWOvi
eni, ŠKeGZÆi weG`Ëvnx MÉvg Avi cvjhyM bvGg wPòKjvi AbylGãi gvaÅGg evsjvi wPi¯¦b Hk¼hÆ, wf®² wf®² RvwZGMvÓ¤xi gvbyGli
Awf®² msÕ•‡wZ evOvwjGZ½i ˆPZbvq mÁ·ÉxwZGZ Ave«¬ evsjvi cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i K^v gƒZÆ nGq DGVGQ| ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’
KweZvGZI ‰B BwZnvGmi K^vB ewYÆZ nGqGQ hvi cÉengvbZvq hyGM hyGM Rq nGqGQ evsjvi, weRqx nGqGQ evOvwj|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcK I cvVÅ KweZvq nvRvi eQGii evOvwj msÕ•‡wZi BwZnvm I HwZGnÅi welqwU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ|
4
N evsjvG`Gki gywÚhGy «¬i K^v DóxcGKi KweZvsk I ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq weGklfvGe DGV ‰GmGQ|
‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq evsjvG`Gki gywÚhyG«¬i K^v evsjvG`Gki BwZnvGmi nvZ aGi ‰GmGQ| ‰ KweZvq nvRvi eQGii
mgMÉ evOvwj RvwZi msMÉvGgi BwZnvm ‰es hy«¬ KGi wUGK ^vKv I weRq jvGfi Mv^v DœPvwiZ nGqGQ|
DóxcGK Avengvb KvGji mvwnZÅ-evwYRÅ-HwZnÅ-wkG͸i mg¯¼Gq MGo IVv ‰K AbbÅmvaviY evsjvi i…c AwâZ nGqGQ|
eZÆgvGbi evOvwji AwÕ¦GZ½i aviK I evnK ˆh Avengvb evOvwji RxebhvcGbi wkKo Zvi KvweÅK eYÆbv iGqGQ ‰B cO&wÚàGœQ|
1971 mvGji gywÚhyG«¬ nvbv`vi evwnbxi wei‚G«¬ AÕ¨ aGi weRq jvf KGiGQ evOvwj, ˆmB weRq mƒwPZ nGqwQj eühyM AvGM
evOvwji nvGZ| ‰KBfvGe AvGjvPÅ KweZvwUGZ evievi gvbegywÚi AvKv›Þv a»wbZ nGqGQ| wK¯¦y gywÚi cƒeÆkZÆ ˆh hy«¬, ˆmB hyG«¬i
cÉgvY evsjvG`Gki gywÚhy«¬| gywÚhyG«¬i nvZ aGiB ‰GmwQj evsjvi weRq|
AvGjvPÅ KweZvi eYÆbv gGZ, hyG«¬i KviGY cwievi ˆ^GK `ƒGi mGi ˆhGZ nq| fvGjvevmvi RbÅ, gv, fvB I ˆevGbi RbÅ gvGqi ˆQGjiv
hyG«¬ hvq| ‰ AGgvN mZÅ KweZvwUGZ dzGU DGVGQ evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv hyG«¬i BwZnvGmi gvaÅGg| A^Ævr evsjvi gvbyl cvwKÕ¦vwb
nvbv`viG`i nvZ ˆ^GK evsjvG`kGK iÞv Kivi RGbÅ 1971 mvGj gywÚhy«¬ KGi weRq wQwbGq ‰GbwQj, hvi `†µ¦ cÉKvk NGUGQ ‘Avwg
wKse`w¯i¦ K^v ejwQ’ KweZvwUGZ| mvgwMÉK welq weGkÏlYcƒeÆK ejv hvq, “evsjvG`Gki gywÚhGy «¬i K^v DóxcK I ‘Avwg
wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq ‰KBfvGe ‰GmGQ”@ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGK HwZnvwmK ÕÆwZweRwoZ ‰B f„LGí AvengvbKvGji avivq HwZnÅ I wkG͸i mg¯¼Gq MGo IVv ‰K AbbÅmvaviY
evsjvi i…c AwâZ nGqGQ| ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvqI evsjvG`Gki gywÚhyG«¬i K^v evsjvG`Gki BwZnvGmi nvZ aGi ‰GmGQ|
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
cÉk² 4 1971 mvGji 25ˆk gvPÆ Mfxi ivZ| Nyg¯¦ wbixn
M ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq weG`wkG`i
evOvwji Ici AZwKÆGZ nvgjv Pvjvq cvwKÕ¦vwb nvbv`vi AZÅvPvGii w`KwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|
evwnbx| ˆMvUv kniRyGo PGj ZvG`i nZÅvhæ| hvGKB mvgGb
ˆcGqGQ KzKzGii gGZv àwj KGi ˆgGiGQ Zviv| ‰fvGeB N ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq evOvwji mgMÉ
Kvcyi‚GlvwPZ nZÅvhæ Pvjvq Zviv 9 gvm aGi| gywÚKvgx BwZnvGmi ˆh BwãZ iGqGQ Zv weGkÏlY KGiv|
evOvwji ZxeË cÉwZGivGai gyGL ‰K mgq nvi gvGb ˆmB
cÉk²5 KweZv Zzwg IGVv| Aw™²wkLv Avi ˆKÌvGai gZ| c÷i
AZÅvPvixiv| wek¼ gvbwPGò AfzÅ`q NGU evsjvG`k bvgK Õv¼ axb gZ ˆZvgvi MRÆb| àÁ¹vi m®¬Åvi gZ Zzwg mgMÉ nI ‰es wel®²
ˆ`Gki|
K. Kwei KG´¤ DœPvwiZ mZÅ KxGmi gGZv? 1 KeGii ˆMvjvGci gZ|
L. ‘Avgiv wK Zvi gGZv Õ¼vaxbZvi K^v ejGZ cviGev’ K. kGmÅi mÁ¿vi KvGK mg†«¬ KiGe? 1
PiYwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 L. Kwe evievi Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚Gli K^v DGÍÏL KGiGQb
M. DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ cvwKÕ¦vwbG`i Kvcyi‚GlvwPZ ˆKb?
nZÅvhæ ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi ˆKvb M. DóxcGKi KweZvi cÉZÅq ‘Avwg wKse`¯¦xi K^v
welqwUGK BwãZ KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 ejwQ’ KweZvi KvweÅK mZÅGK ZzGj aGi wK?
N. DóxcKwU welqMZfvGe ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ Abym®¬vb KGiv| 3
KweZvi mgMÉGK aviGY mÞg nGqGQ wK? hwy Úmn N. DóxcGKi KweZvi eÚGeÅ ‘Avwg wKse`x¯¦i K^v
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 ejwQ’ KweZvi kwÚ wbwnZ iGqGQ@ g¯¦eÅwUi
4 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi MÉnYGhvMÅZv hvPvB KGiv| 4
K Kwei KG¥¤ DœPvwiZ mZÅ Õ¼Gµ²i gGZv| 5 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
L cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i ewjÓ¤ DœPviY I AvG±`vjb msMÉvGgi cG^ L ˆh KlÆY KGi kGmÅi mÁ¿vi ZvGK mg†«¬ KiGe|
PjGZ cvie wK bv ‰LvGb ˆm K^v ejv nGqGQ| L KweZvq evOvwji AZxZ HwZnÅ I ˆMŒiGeväj¾ BwZnvGmi
K^v wea†Z nGqGQ|
AwaKvi Av`vGqi RGbÅ Kwei cƒeÆcyi‚liv eü ZÅvM Õ¼xKvi
Kwei cƒeÆcyi‚l nvRvi eQGii HwZnÅ mGPZb wkKom®¬vbx
KGiGQb| Õ¼G`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv I AwaKvi Av`vGqi RGbÅ Zuviv gvbyl; ˆh gvbyl Zvi gywÚi jovB, msMÉvg, weRq I gvbweK
ˆh mgÕ¦ KvR KGiGQb Zv wK Kwei cGÞ Kiv mÁ¿eci nGq D«¿vmGbi `†µ¦ kcG^ cwÉ Zæve«¬| wK¯¦y ˆm gvbyl mfÅZvi
Avw`j™² ˆ^GKB AZÅvPvi I kòi‚ fxi‚ AvKÌgGYi wkKvi eGj
DVGe? gvwUi KvQvKvwQ gvbylG`i jovB KGi wUGK ^vKvi ˆmB
BwZnvm DcÕ©vcGbi gaÅ w`Gq Kwe wbGRi Avñwek¼vGmi cÉwZ,
wbGRi ÞgZvi cÉwZ mG±`n ˆcvlY KGiGQb|
5
AvRI Zvi kixGi I gGb eGq PjGQ mnmË AvNvGZi wPn×| ZvB AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk²
Kwe KweZvi cwÉ ZwU PiGY KÌxZ`vGmi gGZv jovB KGi wUGK
^vKvi hGy «¬ Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚l I gvbegywÚi AvKv›Þvq ˆmvœPvi cÉk² 7 e®¬y ˆZvgiv QvGov DG«¼M, myZxß Ki wPî,
ˆ^GKGQb| Avi ‰ KviGYB wZwb evievi DGÍLÏ KGiGQb Zuvi
cƒeÆcyi‚Gli K^v| evsjvi gvwU `yRÆq NuvwU eyGS wbK `yeÆî|
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii gƒp kò‚GK nvGbv ˆmvÉ Z i‚GL, Z±`ÊvGK Ki wQ®²
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe ‰KvGMÉ ˆ`Gki kò‚iv ‰Gm ‰Gm nvq hvK wbwøn×|
M ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq KweZvGK AvñÕ© MvI mvwi Mvb, nvwZqvi kvb `vI AvR D`qvGÕ¦
Kivi cÉwZ Kwei evievi Avn»vGbi welqwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|
AvR `†p `uvGZ cywéZ nvGZ cÉwZGiva Ki kÚ,
N ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq KweZvGK
fvGjvevmvi cÉwZ Kwei ˆh Abyf„wZ cÉKvwkZ nGqGQ Zvi KviY ........................................................
weGkÏlY KGiv|
AvGm msnwZ kò‚i cÉwZ N†Yv nq wbwÞµ¦|
fxi‚ AbÅvq cÉvY-ebÅvq ˆRGbv AvR DGœQ`Å,
wec®² ˆ`Gk ZvB wbtGkGl XvGjv cÉvY `yGfÆ`Å|
wkLbdj-1
cÉk² 6 kvn esGki ŠewkÓ¡Å wQj m†Rbkxj, gbbkxj I K. ‘wePwjZ ˆÕ²n’ kõwUi A^Æ ˆjGLv| 1
gyÚeyw«¬mÁ·®²| AvR Zv ˆ^GK mGi Avmvi KviGY ÞgZvaiG`i L. ‘ˆm grmÅ cvjb KGi cÉengvb b`x ZvGK cyiÕ•‡Z
ZvGe`vix KiGZ nGœQ| wK¯§ ˆm esGki Kvjy kvn Zvi cƒeÆcyi‚Gli KiGe” cO&wÚwU «¼viv Kwe Kx ˆevSvGZ ˆPGqGQb? 2
ŠewkÓ¡Å n†`Gq aviY KGi mvgGbi w`GK ‰àGZ Pvq, ZvGe`vwiZ½ M. DóxcKwU ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi
bv KGi mZÅ cÉKvk KiGZ Pvq| mvG^ KxfvGe mv`†kÅcƒYÆ@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
K. ‘wKse`w¯¦’ kõwUi A^Æ Kx? 1 N. “DóxcKwU ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi
L. ‘iÚRevi gGZv cÉwZGiva’ ejGZ KweZvq Kx Lívsk gvò”@ DwÚwUi h^v^ÆZv hvPvB KGiv| 4
ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? cÉk²8 ˆgvnbMé BDwbqGbi ˆPqvigÅvb Rvdi ZvjyK`vi
M. DóxcGKi Kvjy kvGni gGbvfvGe ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i `ybÆxwZcivqY I AZÅvPvix ‰KRb eÅwÚ| Zvi `ybÆxwZ, ˆkvlY,
K^v ejwQ’ ˆKvb w`KwU Õ·Ó¡ nGq IGV Zv ˆjGLv| 3 AZÅvPvGii wei‚G«¬ ˆKDB gyL LyjGZ mvnm cvq bv| ‰jvKvi
N. DóxcGKi kvn esGki AZxZ wPò‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i wkwÞZ hyeK Bgivb wVK KGi ‰me AbÅvGqi cÉwZev` KiGe|
K^v ejwQ’ KweZviB mvivskGK BwãZ KGi@ wK¯§ ˆKDB Zvi mnGhv«¬v nGZ ivwR bq| RvGbi fGq mevB
g¯¦eÅwUi h^v^ÆZv ZzGj aGiv| 4 Pzc nGq AvGQ|
6 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi K. cÉengvb b`x KvGK cyiÕ•‡Z KiGe? 1
K wKse`w¯¦ kGõi A^Æ@ RbkÉ‚wZ| L. ‘wRn»vq DœPvwiZ cÉwZwU mZÅ kõ KweZv’@ eÅvLÅv
KGiv| 2
L ‘iÚRevi gGZv cÉwZGiva’ ejGZ iÚÞqx h«y ¬GK ˆevSvGbv M. ‘wkwÞZ hyeK Bgivb ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’
nGqGQ|
KweZvi gƒj ˆPZbvGK aviY KGi@ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
cÉwZGiva gvGb jovB| Avi jovB gvGbB iÚ ÞiY| RxeGb
Õ¼vaxbZv I Õ¼G`Gki gywÚi RGbÅ cÉGqvRb kò‚i wei‚G«¬ jovB| N. “ˆgvnbMé MÉvGgi gvbylG`i AeÕ©v ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i
ˆh jovBGq cÞ-wecÞ DfGqiB iÚRevi iGOi gGZv iÚ SGi|
‰B iÚSiv cÉwZGivaB nGjv Õ¼vaxbZv I gywÚ ARÆGbi cƒeÆkZÆ| K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi KweZv bv ˆkvbv msMÉvgnxb
‘iÚ Revi gGZv cÉwZGiva’ ejGZ ‰UvB ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
gvbylG`i AeÕ©vi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ@ weGkÏlY KGiv|4
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe cÉk²9 wZbRb Avgiv cvkvcvwk nuvUwQjvg| ivnvZ ˆÕÏvMvb
w`wœQj| Avi Zcyi nvGZ wQj gÕ¦ eo µÏÅvKvWÆ| Zvi Ici jvj
M ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq ewYÆZ Kwei KvwjGZ ˆjLv ‘ivÓ¡Ç fvlv evsjv PvB’| wgwQjUv nvBGKvGUÆi KvGQ
cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i jovBGqi BwZnvm mÁ·GKÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| ˆcuŒQGZ nVvr AvgvG`i mvgGbi ˆjvKàGjv wPrKvi KGi cvjvGZ
jvMj| nVvr ˆ`wL µÏÅvKvWÆmn gvwUGZ jywUGq cGoGQ Zcy|
N ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq DGÍÏwLZ Kwei KcvGji wVK gvSLvbUvq ˆMvj ‰KUv MZÆ| Avi ˆm MZÆ w`Gq
cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i ARÆbMyGjv weGkÏlY KGiv| wbSÆGii gGZv iÚ SiGQ Zvi|
K. ˆh KweZv ÷bGZ RvGb bv ˆm Kvi RGbÅ giGZ cvGi
bv? 1
6
L. ‘ˆh KweZv ÷bGZ RvGb bv/ˆm mƒhÆGK n†rwcGí aGi AwfmÁ·vZ@ˆKej
ivLGZ cvGi bv’@ ˆKb? 2 `ygÆi N†Yvi Avàb, ˆKvGbv
M. DóxcKwUi ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ ‘KweZvi mv¯¦b½ v evKÅ bq, bq ˆKvGbv
ˆKvb welqwUi mvG^ wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 weglÆ wejvc:
N. DóxcKwUGZ ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvq K. Avey Rvdi Ievq`yÍÏvn ˆKvb ˆRjvq R¯ÃMÉnY KGib? 1
evOvwj Rxeb mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvwPZ welqwUi cÉwZdjb L. ‘wePwjZ ˆÕn² ’ ejGZ Kwe Kx eywSGqGQb? 2
NGUGQ@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 M. DóxcGK ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’ KweZvi ˆKvb
cÉk² 10 Avgvi e†«¬ wcZvi kixGi welqwU dzGU DGVGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
‰Lb c÷G`i cÉnvGii
wPn×; ˆKbbv Avgvi e†«¬v gvZvi N. ‘`ygÆi N†Yvi Avàb, ˆKvGbv mv¯¦b½ v evKÅ bq’@
KG¥¤ ˆbB AvZÆ nvnvKvi, ˆbB
DóxcGKi ‰ PiYwU ‘Avwg wKse`w¯¦i K^v ejwQ’
KweZvi AvGjvGK gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq
Šmq` kvgmyj nK [1935]
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi
cÉk² 1 cÉej ebÅvq wechÕÆ ¦ nGq cGoGQ c«ÂvZxieZÆx ˆmvbvLvjx MÉvg| Lv`Å msKU I ˆivM-eÅvwa cÉwZGivGa KvR Kivi ˆPÓ¡v
KiGQ KGqKRb Zi‚Y| ZvG`i mKGjiB gGb cGo ‰jvKvi wcÉq gyL cÉqvZ Mdzi mvGnGei K^v| ‰jvKvi gvbyGli ˆhGKvGbv wecG`
mevBGK HKÅe«¬ KGi mvnwmKZvi mvG^ wec` ˆgvKvwejvq Mdzi mvGnGei Zzjbv wQj bv| ‰LGbv ZvB cÉvK‡wZK ev gvbem†Ó¡
ˆhGKvGbv mgmÅv ˆgvKvwejvq Mdzi mvGne ˆcÉiYvi Drm nGq ^vGKb| [Kz. ˆev. 16]
K. ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq KZ nvRvi ˆjvKvjGqi DGÍÏL AvGQ? 1
L. ‘bÓ¡ ˆÞZ, bÓ¡ gvV, b`x bÓ¡, exR bÓ¡, eo bÓ¡ hLb msmvi|’@ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
M. DóxcGKi Mdzi mvGnGei mvG^ ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi biƒ j`xGbi Zzjbv KGiv| 3
N. “ˆcÉÞvcU wf®² nGjI gvbeKjÅvGYi e†nîi ˆPZbvq DóxcK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZv Awf®²
A^Æen|”@ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
1 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq Dbmîi nvRvi ˆjvKvjGqi DGÍÏL AvGQ|
L gywÚhy«¬ PjvKvjxb cvwKÕ¦vwb evwnbxi b†ksmZv I a»smhGæi fqvenZv ˆevSvGZ ˆÞZ, gvV,b`x, exR, msmvi cÉf‡wZ bGÓ¡i K^v
ejv nGqGQ|
wei‚«¬ kwÚi AvMÉvmb hLb Pvwiw`K MÉvm KGi wbGqGQ ZLb Kwei KvGQ mewKQy AmnÅ gGb nq| evsjvi AevwiZ ˆÞZ, gvV, b`x,
mgvR-msmvi mewKQyi IciB ‰B civkwÚi cÉfve| Kwe ˆ`LGZ cvb ‰B cÉfvGe mKj wKQyB bÓ¡ nGq hvGœQ| bÓ¡ nGœQ my±`i
cwiGek| msmvGi gvbyGli gvGS evoGQ KÓ¡, Akvw¯¦| ZvB Kwe, ˆÞZ, gvV, b`x, exR, msmvi mewKQyGK bÓ¡ eGjGQb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: gywÚhy«¬ PjvKvjxb cvwKÕv¦ wb evwnbxi b†ksmZv I a»smhGæi fqvenZv ˆevSvGZ ˆÞZ, gvV,b`x, exR, msmvi cÉf‡wZ bGÓ¡i
K^v ejv nGqGQ|
M cieZÆx cÉRG¯Ãi KvGQ AbyGcÉiYvi DrmÕ©j wnGmGe ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb ‰es DóxcGKi Mdzi
mvGne Zzjbxq|
msMÉvgx gvbyGli KvGQ bƒij`xb ‰K AbymiYxq eÅwÚZ½| 1782 mvGj iscyi-w`bvRcyi AçGj mvg¯e¦ v`-mvgËvRÅev`weGivax mvnmx K‡lK
ˆbZv wZwb| Zuvi mvnwmKZvi KviGY evsjvi gvbyGli KvGQ wZwb AbyGcÉiYvi DrmÕ©j wnGmGe weGewPZ| ZvB ˆZv hLb ˆ`Gk kKzbiƒcx
kvmK AZÅvPvi Pvjvq, `vjvGji AvjLvÍÏvq ˆXGK hvq ˆ`k ZLb AvgvG`i bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq| Kwe cÉZÅvkv KGiGQb
AveviI ‰Kw`b evOvwj RbZvGK RvwMGq ZzjGZ wZwb WvK ˆ`Geb, ejGeb@ ‘RvGMv, evGn, ˆKvbGV mevq?’
DóxcGK Mdzi mvGne AvZÆgvbeZvi ˆmevq wbGqvwRZ Zi‚YG`i KvGQ ‰K Av`GkÆi bvg| KviY, cÉqvZ Mdzi mvGne wQGjb ‰KRb
gvbeZve`x gvbyl| ‰jvKvi gvbyGli ˆhGKvGbv wecG` mevBGK HKÅe«¬ KGi mvnwmKZvi mGã wec` ˆgvKvwejvq Zuvi Zzjbv wQj bv|
Avi ZvB, ‰LGbv Zuvi ‰jvKvq ˆKvGbv gvbweK msKU ev cÉvK‡wZK `yGhÆvM ˆ`Lv w`Gj ‰jvKvi gvbyGli KvGQ mgmÅv mgvavGb Mdzi
mvGne ˆcÉiYvi Drm nGq ^vGKb| ‰B ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv Mdzi mvGneGK bƒij`xGbi mGã Zzjbxq KGi ZzGjGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: cieZÆx cÉRG¯Ãi KvGQ AbyGcÉiYvi DrmÕ©j wnGmGe ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb ‰es DóxcGKi
Mdzi mvGne Zzjbxq|
N “ˆcÉÞvcU wf®² nGjI gvbeKjÅvGYi e†nîi ˆPZbvq DóxcK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZv Awf®² A^Æen|”@
g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq bƒij`xb mvaviY gvbyGli KvGQ msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi cÉZxK| 1782 mvGj wZwb mvaviY gvbylGK
weËwUkweGivax msMÉvGg SuvwcGq coGZ Avn»vb KGib| Zuvi Avn»vGb ˆmw`b mvaviY gvbyl ˆRGM IGV| ÷ay Zv-B bq, cieZÆx mgGq
AvG±`vjb-msMÉvGgI bƒij`xb AbyGcÉiYvi DrmÕ©Gj cwiYZ nb|
2
DóxcGK Mdzi mvGne wQGjb gvbeKjÅvGY wbGqvwRZ eÅwÚ| ‰jvKvi gvbyGli ˆhGKvGbv wecG` mevBGK HKÅe«¬ KGi mvnwmKZvi
mGã wec` ˆgvKvwejvq Mdzi mvGnGei Zzjbv wQj bv| ‰ KviGY cÉvK‡wZK ev gvbem†Ó¡ ˆhGKvGbv mgmÅvq Mdzi mvGne ˆcÉiYvi Drm
nGq ^vGKb| ‰GÞGò DóxcGKi mGã cvVÅ KweZvi ˆcÉÞvcUMZ Awgj iGqGQ|
DóxcGKi Zi‚Yiv Lv`Å msKU I ˆivM cÉwZGivGa KvR Kivi ˆÞGò Mdzi mvGnGei K^v ÕÃiY KGi| ˆKbbv, ˆhGKvGbv wecG`
mevBGK HKÅe«¬ KGi mvnwmKZvi mGã wec` ˆgvKvwejvq Mdzi mvGnGei Zzjbv wQj bv| AbÅw`GK, ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo
hvq’ KweZvq bƒij`xbI Amxg mvnmx ‰K msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi bvg| huvi ˆbZG‡ Z½ mgGeZ nGqwQj Avcvgi RbZv| myZivs AvGjvPbv
ˆkGl ejv hvq, DóxcK I KweZvi ˆcÉÞvcU wf®² nGjI DfqGÞGò A¯¦wbÆwnZ myi gvbeKjÅvY mvab|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ˆhGKvGbv wecG` mevBGK HKÅe«¬ KGi mvnwmKZvi mGã wec` ˆgvKvwejvq Mdzi mvGnGei Zzjbv wQj bv|
AbÅw`GK, ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq bƒij`xbI Amxg mvnmx ‰K msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi bvg| huvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ AZÅvPvix kvmGKi
weiyG«¬ mgGeZ nGqwQj Acvgi RbZv|
cÉk²2 ‘ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jv Zzwg’@ msMÉvgx ˆPZbv DäxweZ Kiv MvGbi ‰KwU Kwj| MvbwUi jÞÅ wKse`w¯¦ bvqK ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jv,
whwb `wÞY AvwdÌKvi KvGjv gvbyGli gywÚi cÉZxK| wZwb mvgËvRÅev`, eYÆev`, ŠelgÅ Avi wbcxob weGivax AvG±`vjGbi ‰K jovKz
ŠmwbK| `wÞY AvwdÌKvi ˆk¼Zvã kvmK mÁ·`É vq MYgvbyGli AvG±`vjbGK bmÅvr KiGZ ZuvGK ˆRGj cvVvq; wK¯§ RbZvi msMÉvg ˆ^Gg
^vGKwb| KvGjvG`i Õ¼µ² Pzigvi I AwaKvi jyw¥¤Z nIqvi iÚvÚ cÉwZevG` ZvG`i ˆPvGLi mvgGb ˆfGm IGV ˆKej gÅvG´£jvi Qwe| mgMÉ
weGk¼i kvw¯¦Kvgx gvbyGli PvGc ‰Kmgq wZwb KviMvi ˆ^GK gywÚjvf KGib| AvwdÌKvi gvbyGli fvGjvevmv Avi ggZ½GevGa wZwb wPi
Agi nGq AvGQb| [wm. ˆev. 16]
K. bƒij`xGbi evwo ˆKv^vq? 1
L. ‘cvnvwo XGji gGZv ˆbGg ‰Gm mgÕ¦ fvmvq’ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
M. DóxcGKi ‘Õ¼µ² Pzigvi’, ‘AwaKvi jyw¥¤Z’ I ‘iÚvÚ cÉwZev`’ cÉmã ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi ˆKvb ˆKvb
welGqi mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ? @ZzGj aGiv| 3
N. “DóxcGKi ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jv I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb `yRGbB msMÉvgx RbZvi kvk¼Z gywÚi
cÉZxK”@ h^v^ÆZv wbi…cY KGiv| 4
2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K bƒij`xGbi evwo wQj iscyGi|
L bƒij`xGbi WvGK weµÏGei MYGRvqvi m†wÓ¡ nIqvi AeÕ©vGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
K‡lK ˆbZv bƒij`xb 1189 mGb weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ ‰G`Gki K‡lKG`i weG`Ëvn KiGZ Avn»vb KGiwQGjb| bƒij`xGbi WvGK AfvMv
gvbyl ˆRGM DGV cvnvwo XGji gGZv fvwmGq w`GqwQj mKj AbÅvq| AvRI RvZxq msKGU ˆ`kevmx Zuvi gGZv exGii Rxebx I KgÆGK
ÕÃiY KGi DäxweZ nq| KweI gGb KGib, hLb `vjvGji AvjLvÍÏvq ˆ`k ˆQGq ˆMGQ, ZLb bƒij`xb nqGZv AveviI weµÏGei WvK
ˆ`Geb| Avi ˆmB WvK cvnvwo XGji gGZv fvwmGq wbGq hvGe mKj AbÅvq| cÉGkv² Ú PiGY ‰K^vB ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: bƒij`xGbi WvGK weµÏGei MYGRvqvi m†wÓ¡ nIqvi AeÕ©vGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
M DóxcGKi cÉmãàGjv ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq ewYÆZ `Lj`vi evwnbxi wbhÆvZb ‰es Zvi ˆcÉwÞGZ mvaviY
gvbyGli ˆRGM IVvi mGã mv`k† ÅcƒYÆ|
AvGjvPÅ KweZvq Kwe weËwUkweGivax AvG±`vjGb bƒij`xGbi mvnm I ˆÞvfGK AmvgvbÅ ŠbcyGYÅ wgwjGqGQb evOvwji gywÚ-msMÉvGgi
mGã| evsjv hLb AZÅvPvix kvmGKi wbgÆgZvq wbGÓ·wlZ nwœQj, ZLb K‡lKGbZv bƒij`xGbi WvGK ˆRGM DGVwQj mvaviY gvbyl| Zuvi
‰gb mvnmx ˆPZbvB cieZÆxGZ wewf®² AvG±`vjGb evOvwjGK ˆcÉiYv RywMGqGQ| DóxcGKi eÚGeÅ ‰ welqwUiB cÉwZdjb jÞ Kiv hvq|
DóxcGK ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jvi msMÉvgx RxeGbi BwZnvm ewYÆZ nGqGQ| `wÞY AvwdÌKvq K‡úvãG`i Ici ˆkZvãG`i ŠelgÅgƒjK
AvPiGYi dGj K‡úvãG`i ˆeuGP ^vKvi Õ¼µ² Pzigvi nq| jyw¥¤Z nq gvbyl wnGmGe ZvG`i ghvÆ `v cvIqvi AwaKvi| dGj K‡úvã
gvbylàGjv ˆeGQ ˆbq cÉwZevG`i c^| DóxcGKi ‘Õ¼µ² Pzigvi’ K^vwU AvGjvPÅ KweZvq ‘hLb Avgvi Õ¼µ² jyU nGq hvq’ PiYwUi
mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ| AbÅw`GK, ‘AwaKvi jyw¥¤Z’ K^vwU ‰G`Gki mvaviY gvbyGli Ici `Lj`viG`i wbhvÆ ZGbi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
ˆZgwb ‘iÚvÚ cÉwZev`’ K^vwU KweZvq ewYÆZ ‘AfvMv gvbyl ˆhb ˆRGM IGV Avevi Avkvq’ PiYwUi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q| ‰fvGe
DóxcGK eÅen†Z kõàGjv ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ nGq DGVGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ DóxcGKi cÉmãàGjv ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq ewYÆZ `Lj`vi evwnbxi wbhÆvZb ‰es Zvi ˆcÉwÞGZ mvaviY
gvbyGli ˆRGM IVvi welGqi mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
3
N “DóxcGKi ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jv I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb `yRGbB msMÉvgx RbZvi kvk¼Z gywÚi
cÉZxK”@ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ| ˆKbbv Zvu iv `yRGbB MYgvbyGli gywÚi RbÅ msMÉvg KGiGQb|
bƒij`xb iscyi-w`bvRcyi AçGj mvg¯¦ev`-mvgËvRÅev`weGivax ‰KRb mvnmx K‡lK ˆbZv| Zuvi WvGK ‰Kw`b K‡lK-RbZv weËwUkG`i
wei‚G«¬ cÉwZev`x nGq DGVwQj| Kwei KveÅGPZbvq ‰B bƒij`xb ‰K Awebvkx cÉwZevG`i cÉZxGK cwiYZ nb| Kwe gGb KGib, msMÉvgx
RbZvi kvk¼Z gywÚi cÉZxK wnGmGe bƒij`xb evsjvi gvbylGK Avevi ˆRGM IVvi Avn»vb RvbvGeb|
DóxcGKi ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jv `wÞY AvwdÌKvi K‡úvã gvbylG`i AwaKvGii RGbÅ wPiKvj msMÉvg KGiGQb| ˆmRGbÅ ZuvGK `xNÆw`b
KvivGfvM KiGZ nGqGQ| wK¯§ ZviciI Zuvi ˆciÉ Yv K‡úvãG`i KvGQ gywÚi Avn»vb wnGmGe aiv w`GqGQ| Zuvi ˆbZ‡GZ½B AvwdÌKvi
K‡úvã gvbylàGjv `xNÆ msMÉvGgi ci wdGi ˆcGqGQ ZvG`i bÅvhÅ AwaKvi|
ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jv K‡úvãG`i AwaKvi Av`vGq ˆmvœPvi nGqwQGjb eGjB AvRI ZvG`i KvGQ kvk¼Z gywÚi cÉZxK nGq AvGQb|
KvGjv gvbylG`i ghÆv`v wdwiGq AvbGZ ˆkZvã kvmK mÁ·É`vGqi wei‚G«¬ AvG±`vjGbi WvK w`Gq wZwb bZzb hyGMi mƒPbv KiGZ
ˆcGiwQGjb| ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq bƒij`xbI MYgvbyGli AwaKvi iÞvq weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ cÉwZevG`i WvK
ˆ`b| hLb gvbyGli ˆeuGP ^vKvi AwaKvi ÞzY² nwœQj ZLbB bƒij`xb mgGeZ msMÉvGgi Avn»vb Rvbvb| ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jv ‰es
bƒij`xb DfGqB ZuvG`i KGgÆi «¼viv mvaviY gvbylGK gywÚi c^ ˆ`wLGqGQb| Avi ZvB DóxcK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’
KweZvi AvGjvGK cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwU h^v^Æ ejv hvq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq bƒij`xb MYgvbyGli AwaKvi iÞvq weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ cÉwZevG`i WvK w`Gq
ÕÃiYxq nGq AvGQb| DóxcGKi ˆbjmb gÅvG´£jvI K‡úvãG`i AwaKvi Av`vGq ˆmvœPvi nGqwQGjb eGjB wZwb kvk¼Z gywÚi cÉZxK nGq
AvGQb| ZvB cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwU h^v^Æ|
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cGÉ k²vîi
cÉk² 3 FYMÉÕ¦ PvlxG`i NGi NGi `ywfÆÞ ˆhvMvGjv welg weGÞvf/ ZvB jvOGj KvGU bv gvwU `yeÆj `y’nvGZ kÏ^ gywV|
ewÕ¦i MwjGZ cÉvG¯¦ IGV nvB/Amnvq RxYÆ NGi Dcevmx g†ZzÅi ö‚KzwU|
ˆKvwU KG¥¤ Mvb Õ¦º¬, wbi‚`Åg, wbGÕ¦R agbx-/Aei‚«¬ ÞgZvi Lwb,
‰LGbv wbwÓ˜q eGm AvGQv|
K. ‘KvjNyg’ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 1
L. ‘RvGMv, evGn, ˆKvbGV mevB?’ DwÚwU «¼viv Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
M. DóxcGK wbi®² K‡lGKi mGã ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi mv`†kÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. ‘DóxcGK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZv AejÁ¼Gb bƒij`xbGK evsjvG`Gki HwZnvwmK Pwiò wnGmGe
AvLÅvwqZ Kiv hvq|’ g¯¦eÅwUi hv^v^Æ wePvi KGiv| 4
3 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘KvjNyg’ ejGZ wPiwb`Ëv ev g†ZÅz GK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
L ‘RvGMv, evGn, ˆKvbGV mevq’ DwÚwUGZ dzGU DGVGQ ‰gb ‰K cÉZxKx eÅébv, ˆhLvGb AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvgx bƒij`xb ˆhb
Avevi WvK w`Gq DVGeb|
1971 mvGji gywÚhyG«¬ evsjvG`k cwiYZ nq ‰K a»smÕ¦„Gc| ZLb ‰B ˆ`Gki cÉGqvRb nq bƒij`xGbi gGZv ‰K mvnmx gvbyGli, whwb
WvK w`Gq mevBGK ‰Kò KiGeb| mevB ‰K nGq joGe kò‚i wei‚G«¬, gyÚ KiGe gvZ‡f„wgGK| ˆ`Gki IB KÌvw¯K¦ vGj Kwei gGb
cGowQj ˆmB msMÉvgx bƒij`xGbi K^v, whwb weËwUkweGivax AvG±`vjb KGiwQGjb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘RvGMv, evGn, ˆKvbGV mevq’ DwÚwUGZ dzGU DGVGQ ‰gb ‰K cÉZxKx eÅébv, ˆhLvGb AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvgx
bƒij`xb ˆhb Avevi WvK w`Gq DVGeb|
M DóxcGK wbi®² K‡lGKi mGã ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi mv`k† Å nGœQ wbhÆvwZZ-wbcxwoZ evOvwji|
cwøg cvwKÕ¦vwbG`i kvmb-ˆkvlGYi huvZvKGj wcÓ¡ nGZ nGZ evOvwji RxeGbi meÆò kÉxnxbZv I Š`bÅZv dzGU DGVGQ| ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v
gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq| ˆÞZ, gvV, b`x, exR, msmvi, mewKQyB bÓ¡ nGq ˆMGQ evOvwji| ‰KvîGi ‰Gm P„ov¯¦ AvNvZ nvGb kKzbi…cx
cvKGmbviv I ZvG`i ˆ`vmi ‰G`kxq `vjvjiv| ZvG`i wbgÆgZvq evOvwji Õ¼µ² jƒU nGqGQ, K¥¤ evGRqvµ¦ nGqGQ| wbgÆg wbhÆvZb-wbcxob
I MYnZÅvi wkKvi nq evOvwj|
4
DóxcGK evOvwj K‡lKG`i `ƒieÕ©vi K^v ewYÆZ nGqGQ| FGY RRÆwiZ Pvwli NGi Lvevi ˆbB, jvOGjI mwVKfvGe Rwg KlÆY nq bv,
RxYÆKzwUGi emevm KGi g†ZzÅi RbÅ AGcÞv@ me wgwjGq ‰K mKi‚Y wPò| ‰G`i Ici ˆbGg AvGm ÞgZvaiG`i KvGjv nvZ| cÉvq
‰KB iKg wPò ˆ`Lv hvq ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq ewYÆZ evOvwji RxeGb| cvwKÕv¦ wb kvmKGMvÓ¤xi wbgÆgZvq evOvwji
RxeGb ˆbGg ‰GmGQ KvGjv A®¬Kvi| cvKGmbv I ZvG`i ‰G`kxq `vjvjG`i ˆ`ŒivGñÅ evOvwji Rxeb nq `yweÆln|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGK wbi®² K‡lGKi mGã ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi mv`†kÅ nGœQ wbhÆvwZZ-wbcxwoZ evOvwji|
N bƒij`xGbi HwZnvwmK f„wgKvi KviGY DóxcGK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZv AejÁ¼Gb bƒij`xbGK evsjvG`Gki
HwZnvwmK Pwiò wnGmGe AvLÅvwqZ Kiv hvq|
bƒij`xb iscyi-w`bvRcyi AçGji mvg¯¦ev`-mvgËvRÅev`weGivax ‰K mvnmx K‡lKGbZv| kÉgRxex gvbyGli AwaKvi Av`vGqi
AvGjvKewZKÆ v| Amnvq wbhvÆ wZZ wbcxwoZ kÉgRxex gvbylGK AbÅvq-AZÅvPvGii wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi nGZ Avn»vb KGi eGjGQb, ‘RvGMv,
evGn, ˆKvbGV mevq?’ ‰gbwU ˆ`Lv hvq DóxcGKi KweZvsGkI|
DóxcGKi KweZvsGk Kwe evsjvi K‡lK mgvGRi Pig `yieÕ©vi K^v eYÆbv KGiGQb| K‡lKG`i NGi NGi LvevGii Afve| RxYÆ
KzwUGi emevm KGi| AvaywbK h¯¨cvwZi AfvGe RwgPvGlI mdjZv AvGm| ‰ mvG^ ÞgZvkvjxG`i `vcGU ZvG`i bvwfk¼vm IGV| ‰
AeÕ©vq PvwlG`i ˆRGM IVvi Avn»vb RvwMGqGQb Kwe| ‰B w`KwU bƒij`xGbi gvGSI ˆ`Lv hvq| bƒij`xb K‡lK, kÉwgK Z^v
kÉgRxex gvbyGli RvMiGYi Avn»vb ÷wbGq AwaKvimGPZb KGi ˆZvGjb| mKj fqfxwZ DGcÞv KGi ‰wMGq ˆMGQb BwZnvGmi
gnvbvqKMGYi gGZv|
ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, BwZnvGmi gnvbvqKMY gvbyGli RbÅ ˆhgb Ae`vb ˆiGL BwZnvGmi cvZvq Õ©vqx Avmb KGi wbGqGQb, bƒij`xGbi
f„wgKvI ‰KB avivq cÉevwnZ nq| ZvB ejv hvq, cÉGk² DwÍÏwLZ DwÚwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: bƒij`xGbi HwZnvwmK f„wgKvi KviGY DóxcGK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZv AejÁ¼Gb bƒij`xbGK
evsjvG`Gki HwZnvwmK Pwiò wnGmGe AvLÅvwqZ Kiv hvq|
cÉk² 4 evOvwj eü iÚvÚ c^ AwZKÌg KGi AwRÆZ KGiGQ Õ¼vaxb ‰K ivÓ¡Ç| evqv®²i fvlv AvG±`vjb, EbmîGii MY-AfzÅïvb
‰es AeGkGl ‰KvîGii gnvb gywÚh«y ¬ evOvwji cÉwZev`x mîvi cwiPvjK| 1971 mvGji 7B gvPÆ eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb
ˆimGKvmÆ gq`vGb Õ¼vaxbZvi WvK w`Gq evOvwj RvwZGK w`GqGQb evsjvG`k bvgK ‰K Õ¼vaxb gvZ‡f„wg|
K. wbSÆGii cZb Õ©vbGK Kx eGj 1
L. ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ ˆKb? 2
M. eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi Õ¼vaxbZvi WvGKi mvG^ ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi mv`†kÅcƒYÆ w`KwU eÅvLÅv
KGiv| 3
N. ‘evOvwj RvwZ wPiKvjB ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi’@ DóxcK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi AvGjvGK
DwÚwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
4 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K wbSÆGii cZb Õ©vbGK cÉcvZ eGj|
L bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq, KviY bƒij`xb RvwZi KÌvw¯¦jG™² mgÕ¦ AbÅvGqi weiG‚ «¬ gvbylGK D`vî WvK w`GqwQGjb|
hLb mgvR, ivÓ¡Ì me AbÅvGq Avi AbvPvGi cƒYÆ nGqwQj, ZLb bƒij`xb mKj gvbylGK ˆRGM DVGZ eGjwQGjb| eZÆgvb mgvR ‰es
ivÓ¡Ì AbÅvGq fGi ˆMGQ| Pviw`GK PjGQ AivRKZv Avi jy¥¤Gbi ˆLjv| dGj KvGb ˆeGR IGV bƒij`xGbi ˆmB D`vî Avn»vGbi
K^v| ‰RGbÅB bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq, KviY b…ij`xb ˆKvGbv ‰K ivGZ mgÕ¦ AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ gvbylGK D`vî WvK w`GqwQGjb|
M AbÅvGqi weiG‚ «¬ gvbylGK ˆRGM IVvi RGbÅ DóxcGKi eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’
KweZvi bƒij`xb DfGqB RbMGYi cÉwZ D`vî Avn»vb RvwbGqwQGjb, hv ciÕ·i mv`k† ÅcƒYÆ|
hLb AbÅvq, AivRKZv Avi jy¥¤Gbi ivRZ½ cÉwZÓ¤v nq, ZLb mvaviY gvbyGli RxeGb ˆbGg AvGm `yGfÆvGMi Kvj-ivwò| IB AbÅvq
ˆ^GK RbmvaviGYi cwiòvGYi RGbÅ huviv ˆbZ‡Z½ w`Gq gvbylGK ˆmvœPvi KGi ˆZvGjb, ZuvivB cÉK‡Z mvnmx gvbyl|
DóxcGK eãe®¬y ˆkL gywRGei K^v ejv nGqGQ| 1971 mvGj wZwb cvwKÕ¦vwb ˆkvlKG`i nvZ ˆ^GK ˆ`k I gvbylGK euvPvGbvi
RGbÅ WvK w`GqwQGjb mgÕ¦ ˆkvwlZ gvbylGK| ˆh WvGK gvbyl mvov ˆ`q, SuvwcGq cGo kò‚i wei‚G«¬| ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo
hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xbI 1189 mGb mgÕ¦ AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `uvovGbvi RGbÅ gvbylGK WvK ˆ`b| ˆbZZ‡ ½`vGbi ‰B ˆhvMÅZvi
w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi mvG^ ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xGbi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ gvbylGK ˆRGM IVvi RGbÅ DóxcGKi eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo
hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb DfGqB RbMGYi cÉwZ D`vî Avn»vb RvwbGqwQGjb, hv ciÕ·i mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
5
N ‘evOvwj RvwZ cÉwZevG`i R¾j¯¦ cÉZxK, wPiKvjB AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi’ DóxcK I ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’
KweZvq evOvwji ‰ mîviB cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
evOvwj RvwZ wPiKvj AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ jovB KGi ‰GmGQ| 1971 mvGji Õ¼vaxbZvi cƒeÆ chƯ¦ ‰ jovB PGjwQj wewf®² cÉKvi
ˆ`wk-weG`wk kò‚i wei‚G«¬|
DóxcGK evOvwj RvwZi cÉwZev`gyLi c^ cwiKÌgvi K^v Rvbv hvq| 1971 mvGj ˆ`kgvZvGK euvPvGbvi RGbÅ eãe®¬y hyG«¬i WvK
w`GqwQGjb| ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvqI bƒij`xb mvaviY gvbylGK WvK w`GqwQGjb D`vîfvGe, hv gvbyGli
ˆPZbvGK kvwbZ KGiGQ kòi‚ wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `uvovGZ|
‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq bƒij`xGbi ˆmB D`vî WvGKi K^v ejv nGqGQ, ˆh WvGK gvbyl mvov w`GqwQj| kò‚i
wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `uvwoGqwQj| ‰ ˆ^GK evOvwji mvnwmKZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| DóxcGKI evqv®²i fvlv AvG±`vjb, EbmîGii MY-
AfzÅïvb ‰es eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi Avn»vGbi K^v ejv nGqGQ| 1971 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vwbiv hLb ‰G`kGK a»smÕ¦„Gc
cwiYZ Kivi PKÌv¯¦ KGiwQj, ZLb eãe®¬yi WvGK AmsLÅ gvbyl cÉvY w`GqGQ| ‰UvI evOvwji mvnwmKZvi cwiPvqK| ‘evOvwj
RvwZ wPiKvjB ˆkvlGYi weiG‚ «¬ ˆmvœPvi’@ DóxcK I AvGjvPÅ KweZv ‰ mZÅGKB cÉKvk KGi|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGK evOvwj RvwZi cÉwZev`gyLi c^ cwiKÌgvi K^v Rvbv hvq| ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvGZI Zv
cÉZxqgvb nGqGQ|
cÉk² 5 “‰LvGb AvKvk bxj-bxjvf AvKvk RyGo mwRbvi dzj [mƒò : ‰LvGb AvKvk bxj @ Rxebvb±` `vk]
dzGU ^vGK wng kv`v is Zvi Avwk¼Gbi AvGjvi gZb|”
K. wbjÞv-AvKvGki is ˆKgb? 1
L. ‘nvRvi nvRvi Zviv H bxGj’ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
M. DóxcKwU ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi ˆKvb `†kÅcGUi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DÚ `†kÅcUwU MÉvgevsjvi Agwjb ˆmŒ±`hÆGK ZzGj aiGZ cvGi wK? DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4
5 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K wbjÞv-AvKvGki is bxj|
L ‘nvRvi nvRvi Zviv H bxGj’ ejGZ AvKvGk AmsLÅ Zvivi AeÕ©vbGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
AvKvGki is bxj| Avi ˆmB bxj iGOi AvKvGk dzGU ^vGK AmsLÅ Zviv| ZvivàGjv R¾jR¾j KiGZ ^vGK bxj AvKvGki eyGK|
‰iKg wPòK͸B D«¬†Z cO&wÚGZ cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘nvRvi nvRvi Zviv H bxGj’ ejGZ AvKvGk AmsLÅ Zvivi AeÕ©vbGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
M DóxcKwU ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi wbjÞvi bxj AvKvGki eyGK AMwYZ Zvivi `†kÅcGUi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
KweZvq AvKvGki bxGj Zvivi AeÕ©vGbi ‰KwU my±`i `†kÅ Aâb Kiv nGqGQ| AvKvGki bxj iGO ˆfGm ^vGK AmsLÅ Zviv,
‰iKgB ‰KwU `†kÅcU AvgvG`i mvgGb ˆfGm IGV AvGjvPÅ KweZvi KvweÅK eÅébvq|
DóxcGK ejv nGqGQ, AvKvk bxj iGOi| Avi ˆmB bxj AvKvGk mv`v iGOi mwRbvi dzj dzGU ^vGK| ˆh dzGji is Avwk¼Gbi AvGjvi
gGZv Dä¾j| cÉK‡wZi ‰gbB ‰KwU Qwe ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvqI AwâZ nGqGQ| ejv nGqGQ, wbjÞv AvKvGki is
bxj| Avi ˆm bxGj AeÕ©vb KGi AMwYZ Zviv| nvRvi nvRvi Zviv cmiv mvRvq AvKvGk| cyGiv AvKvkRyGo wgUwgU KGi R¾jGZ
^vGK ZvivàGjv| DóxcKwU ZvB AvGjvPÅ KweZvi AvKvGki bxGj AMwYZ Zvivi `†kÅcGUi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcKwU ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi wbjÞvi bxj AvKvGki eyGK AMwYZ Zvivi `†kÅcGUi K^v gGb
KwiGq ˆ`q|
N AvKvGki bxGj AMwYZ Zvivi `†kÅcUwU MÉvgevsjvi Agwjb ˆmŒ±`hÆGK ZzGj aiGZ mÞg|
MÉvgevsjv AcwiGgq ˆmŒ±`GhiÆ Avavi| ˆhLvGb weivR KGi wÕ™² ¬ AvKvk, kÅvgj cÉK‡wZ| MÉvGgi ˆLvjv meyR cÉv¯¦Gi AvKvk aiv
ˆ`q Zvi meUv AwÕ¦Z½ wbGq|
DóxcGK ewYÆZ bxj iGOi AvKvk, bxjvf AvKvGk mwRbvi dzj, mwRbvi dzGji iGOi eYÆbv MÉvgevsjvi Abe`Å ˆmŒ±`hGÆ K ZzGj
aGi| hv AvgvG`i ˆPvGLi mvgGb ‰KwU MÉvGgi `†kÅcU dzwUGq ˆZvGj| ˆhLvb ˆ^GK bxj AvKvk ˆ`Lv hvq, Zviv ˆ`Lv hvq|
AbÅw`GK AvGjvPÅ KweZvGZI ewYÆZ bxj AvKvk, AMwYZ Zviv MÉvgevsjvi ˆLvjv cÉv¯¦iGK DcÕ©vcb KGi| AvgvG`i gGbi QweGZ
ˆfGm IGV MÉvgevsjvi kÅvgj cÉK‡wZ|
6
‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq bxj AvKvGki eYÆbv ˆhgb iGqGQ ˆZgwb MÉvg, nvU, Ebmîi nvRvi Rbc` cÉf‡wZiI
DGÍÏL iGqGQ, hv MÉvgevsjvGK dzwUGq ˆZvGj| AvGiv eYÆbv iGqGQ ˆRÅvrÕv² i hv MÉvgevsjvi wPi¯¦b i…cGK cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi| Avevi
DóxcGKI mwRbvi dzGji K^v ejv nGqGQ| ˆh dzj bxjvf AvKvGki eyGK Avwk¼Gbi AvGjvi gGZvB Däj¾ | DóxcK ‰es
AvGjvPÅ KweZvq gƒjZ MÉvgevsjvi bv±`wbK ˆmŒ±`hÆB Aci…c i…Gc dzGU IGVGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGK ewYÆZ bxj iGOi AvKvk, bxjvf AvKvGk mwRbvi dzj, mwRbvi dzGji iGOi eYÆbv MÉvgevsjvi Abe`Å
ˆmŒ±`hÆGK ZzGj aGi| ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvq bxj AvKvGki eYÆbv ˆhgb iGqGQ ˆZgwb MÉvg, nvU, Ebmîi nvRvi
Rbc` cÉf‡wZiI DGÍÏL iGqGQ|
cÉk² 6 KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg AmsLÅ iPbvewjGZ ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ AvgvG`i ˆmvœPvi nIqvi Avn»vb RvwbGqGQb| Zuvi
weG`ËvnvñK KweZv AvgvG`i hyGM hyGM AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvg Kivi ˆcÉiYv ˆRvMvq|
K. ZxeË Õ¼œQ cƒwYÆgvq Kwei Kvi K^v gGb cGo hvq? 1
L. bƒij`xb KxfvGe wPivqZ cÉwZevG`i cÉZxK nGq DGVGQb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xGbi msMÉvgx gGbvfveGK KxfvGe cÉwZdwjZ
KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. gvbylGK HKÅe«¬ Kivi c«¬wZ wf®² nGjI DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg ‰es ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’
KweZvi bƒij`xGbi gGbvfve Awf®²@ g¯¦eÅwUi h^v^ÆZv wbi…cY KGiv| 4
6 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ZxeË Õ¼œQ cƒwYÆgvq Kwei bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq|
L msMÉvgx ˆPZbvgq mvnmx Pwiò wnGmGe bƒij`xb wPivqZ cÉwZevG`i cÉZxK nGq DGVGQb|
evsjvi BwZnvGm bƒij`xb ‰K cÉwZev`x bvqK, weµÏex ˆPZbvi Drm| wZwb wQGjb LuvwU ˆ`kGcÉwgK| Amxg mvnwmKZv wbGq wZwb
weËwUk kwÚi wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi nGqwQGjb| eZÆgvb mgGq ˆ`Gki ˆhGKvGbv msKGU bƒij`xb PwiòwU AvgvG`i gGb mvnm I kwÚ
ˆRvMvGe eGj Kwei wek¼vm| ‰fvGeB meiKg ˆkvlY-wbhÆvZGbi wei‚G«¬ biƒ j`xb wPivqZ cÉwZevG`i cÉZxK nGq DGVGQb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: msMÉvgx ˆPZbvgq mvnmx Pwiò wnGmGe bƒij`xb wPivqZ cÉwZevG`i cÉZxK nGq DGVGQb|
M DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg gvbylGK msMÉvgx nIqvi ˆh Avn»vb RvwbGqGQb Zv ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi
bƒij`xGbi msMvÉ gx gGbvfveGK cÉwZdwjZ KGi|
bƒij`xb ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi wQGjb| Avi ‰RGbÅB wZwb ˆkvwlZ gvbylàGjvGK ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `uvovGbvi RGbÅ WvK
w`GqwQGjb| ˆKbbv ˆKvGbv msMÉvgx ˆbZv KLGbvB ˆkvlGKi ˆkvlY, wbcxob mnÅ KiGZ cvGib bv|
DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg Zuvi AmsLÅ iPbvewjGZ ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi nIqvi D`vî Avn»vb RvwbGqGQb| ‰ ˆ^GK Zuvi
msMÉvgx gGbvfvGei cwiPq dzGU IGV| wZwb weG`ËvnvñK AGbK KweZvI iPbv KGiGQb, hv hyGM hyGM gvbylGK msMÉvgx ˆPZbvq AbycÉvwYZ
KGi| AbÅw`GK AvGjvPÅ KweZvi bƒij`xbI wQGjb msMÉvgx| ZvB wZwb 1189 mGb iscyGi weG`ËvGni WvK w`GqwQGjb| ˆh WvGK mvov
w`GqwQj nvRvGiv gvbyl| wZwb ˆkvlGKi wei‚G«¬, AZÅvPvixi wei‚G«¬ gvbylGK ˆmvœPvi KGiwQGjb| KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg gvbylGK msMÉvgx
nIqvi ˆh Avn»vb RvwbGqGQb, Zv AvGjvPÅ KweZvi bƒij`xGbi msMÉvgx gGbvfveGK cÉwZdwjZ KGiGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg gvbylGK msMÉvgx nIqvi Avn»vb RvbvGbvi gvaÅGg ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’
KweZvi bƒij`xGbi msMÉvgx gGbvfveGK cÉwZdwjZ KGi|
N ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ gvbylGK HKÅe«¬ Kivi c«¬wZ wf®² nGjI DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg ‰es ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo
hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xGbi gGbvfve Awf®²|
‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb AZÅvPvwiZ, wbcxwoZ gvbyGli cvGk `uvwoGqGQb msMÉvgx gGbvfve wbGq| wZwb
ZvG`i HKÅe«¬ nIqvi WvK w`GqwQGjb| ˆh WvGK mvov w`GqwQj iscyievmx|
DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j BmjvgI weG`ËvnvñK KweZvi gvaÅGg ˆkvwlZ gvbylGK AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvgx nIqvi D`vî Avn»vb
RvwbGqGQb| A^Ævr Zuviv wf®² wf®² c«¬wZGZ gvbylGK HKÅe«¬ nIqvi AbyGcÉiYv RywMGqGQb| ZuvG`i ‰i…c KgÆKvGíi gƒGj iGqGQ
wbGRG`i msMÉvgx ˆPZbv|
DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg gvbylGK ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi nIqvi Avn»vb RvwbGqGQb ˆjLbxi gvaÅGg| Zuvi msMÉvgx
gGbvfve dzGU DGVGQ iPbvewjGZ| Aciw`GK ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb gvbylGK msMÉvgx nIqvi Avn»vb
ˆjLvi gvaÅGg Rvbvbwb, RvwbGqGQb mivmwi| A^Ævr Zuviv `yRbB msMÉvgx ˆPZbvi AwaKvix wK¯§ ZvG`i cÉKvkfwã Avjv`v|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi bƒij`xb AZÅvPvwiZ, wbcxwoZ gvbyGli cvGk `uvwoGqGQb msMÉvgx gGbvfve
wbGq| wZwb ZvG`i HKÅe«¬ nIqvi WvK w`GqwQGjb| Avevi DóxcGKi KvRx bRi‚j BmjvgI weG`ËvnvñK KweZvi gvaÅGg ˆkvwlZ
gvbylGK AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvgx nIqvi D`vî Avn»vb RvbvGœQb|
7
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk²
cÉk² 7 gvÕ¡vi`v mƒhÆGmb evsjvq ‰K Dä¾j bvg| wZwb
PëMÉvg ˆRjvi ivDRvb ^vbvi ˆbvqvcvov MÉvGg R¯ÃMÉnY cÉk² 8 ˆnvK bv Zv `ƒGi ˆKvGbv fjMvi ZxGi,
KGib| AvRxeb wZwb weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ hGy «¬ wbGqvwRZ ˆZvgvi weµÏeevYx e`Gj w`GqGQ Rvwb
wQGjb| 1930 mvGj wZwb PëMÉvgGK BsGiRgyÚ KGi Õ¼vaxbZv AbÅvq AvKxYÆ c†w^exGi|
ˆNvlYv KGib| hw`I Zv ˆewk w`b iÞv KiGZ cvGibwb| wK¯§ IUvB ÕÃiGY ^vK gvbyGli|
‰B mvnmx exi hGy M hyGM ‰G`kevmxi mvgGb `†Ó¡v¯¦i…Gc Agi ˆZvgvGK ÕÃiY KGi iGÚi AÞGi wjwL
nGq ^vKGeb| ˆhgb ˆZvgvi cÉkwÕ¦ Muv^v
K. Šmq` kvgmyj nK KZ mvGj R¯ÃMÉnY KGib? 1 cÉkvw¯¦ MvB ivwò ˆkGl iwÚg mƒGhÆi;
L. ‘RvGMv, evGn, ˆKvbGV mevq?’ DwÚwU «¼viv Kx ˆZgwb ˆZvgvi bvg fvjGeGm wjwL cÉwZw`b
ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2 övw`wgi BwjP ˆjwbb|
M. DóxcK I ‘bƒij`xG`i K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi K. gvbyGli e®¬ `iRvq nVvr ˆK nvbv ˆ`q? 1
mv`†kÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 L. bƒij`xb weG`Ëvn KGiwQGjb ˆKb? 2
N. “DóxcK I ‘byij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZv M. DóxcKwU ‘bƒi‚j`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi
mKjGK cÉwZev`x ˆPZbvq DóxwcZ KGi”@ gƒjÅvqb ˆKvb welqwUi BwãZ ˆ`q? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
KGiv| 4 N. “DóxcGKi ˆjwbb ˆK gvbyl ˆh KviGY gGb ivLGe,
7 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi KweZvi bƒij`xbGKI gvbyl ˆmB KviGYB gGb ivLGe
K Šmq` kvgmyj nK 1935 mvGj R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| AvRxeb”@ DwÚwU weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
L ‘RvGMv, evGn, ˆKvbGV mevq’ DwÚwUGZ dzGU DGVGQ ‰gb cÉk² 9 “7B gvGPÆi AZ±`Ê Õ¼vaxbZvi WvK fzjGZ eGmwQ
‰K cÉZxKx eÅébv, ˆhLvGb AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvgx bƒij`xb
ˆhb Avevi WvK w`Gq DVGeb| fvmvbxi Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg fzjGZ eGmwQ
1971 mvGji gywÚhyG«¬ evsjvG`k cwiYZ nq ‰K a»smÕ¦„Gc| cvKGmbv ivRvKvi, Avj-e`i-AvmkvgmG`i
ZLb ‰B ˆ`Gki cÉGqvRb nq bƒij`xGbi gGZv ‰K mvnmx
gvbyGli, whwb WvK w`Gq mevBGK ‰Kò KiGeb| mevB ‰K nGq AgvbywlK AZÅPvGii K^v fzjGZ eGmwQ|”
joGe kò‚i wei‚G«¬, gyÚ KiGe gvZ‡f„wgGK| ˆ`Gki IB
KÌvw¯¦KvGj Kwei gGb cGowQj ˆmB msMÉvgx bƒij`xGbi K^v, whwb K. bƒij`xGbi evwo ˆKv^vq wQj? 1
weËwUkweGivax AvG±`vjb KGiwQGjb|
L. ‘bÓ¡ ˆÞZ, bÓ¡ gvV, b`x bÓ¡, exR bÓ¡, eo bÓ¡ hLb
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe msmvi’ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
M bƒij`xGbi PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| M. DóxcGKi ivRvKvi cvKGmbv ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb
N ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi AvGjvGK cGo hvq’ KweZvi kKzb I `vjvjG`i cÉwZwbwa
JcwbGewkK ˆkvlGYi ˆcÉÞvcU weGkÏlY KGiv|
AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. “DóxcKwU ‘bƒij`xGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq’ KweZvi
Kwei gGbvfvGei AvswkK cÉwZweÁ¼” AvGjvPbv
KGiv| 4
1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i
Avj gvngy` [1936]
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cGÉ kv² îi
cÉk² 1 Zi‚Y Kwe wbkvZ küGi AvenvIqvq ˆeGo DGVGQ| dGj Zvi KweZvq bvMwiK Aven ài‚Z½ cvq| WvÕ¡web, kwcsgj
wKsev KswKÌU Zvi KweZvq cÉvY cvq| MÉvgxY cÉK‡wZ ZvGK KLGbv UvGbwb|
K. Kwe ˆKv^vq ˆPvL ivLGZ cvGib bv? 1
L. ‘gGb nq ˆKGU hvGe, wQuGo hvGe mgÕ¦ euvaywb’@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcK I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei fvebvi Šemv`†kÅ wPwn×Z KGiv| 3
N. ‘Kwei RxebGevaB KweZvq cÉwZdwjZ nq’ DóxcK I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
1 bÁ¼i cGÉ k²i Dîi
K Kwe ˆPvL ivLGZ cvGib bv ebÅ ˆSvGci IcGi|
L Kwei KveÅGPZbv hLb cÉej nq ZLb RvMwZK mewKQyGK ZzœQ KGi ˆhGZ nq ZvuGK| cÉGk²vÚ PiYwUGZ Kwei ‰ euvab ˆQuovi
Abyf„wZB cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ|
KveÅ fvebvq wbg™² nGj mgvR-msmvi, agÆ mewKQyi euvab wQuGo hvIqvi Dcjwº¬ nq Kwei| ˆmmgq Kwei KveÅGeva evÕ¦eZvi
mxgvGK j›Nb KGi DœPZi ˆKvGbv Õ©vGb AwawÓ¤Z nq| ZLb evwK mewKQyB ZzœQ nGq hvq Kwei KvGQ| wQuGo hvq mgÕ¦ euvab|
cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwUGZ Kwei ‰ Mfxi Abyf„wZB eÅÚ nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: Kwei KveÅGPZbv hLb cÉej nq ZLb RvMwZK mewKQyGK ZzœQ KGi ˆhGZ nq ZvuGK| cÉGkv² Ú PiYwUGZ Kwei ‰
euvab ˆQuovi Abyf„wZB cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ|
M DóxcGKi Zi‚Y Kwe wbkvZ I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei fvebvi gvGS Šemv`†kÅ jÞYxq|
DóxcGKi wbkvZ ˆeGo DGVGQ knGii cwiGeGk| dGj Õ¼vfvweKfvGeB Zvi KweZvq cÉvavbÅ cvq bvMwiK Aven| bMGii WvÕ¡web,
kwcsgj wKsev KswKÌU Zvi KweZvq DGV AvGm| knGii eÅÕ¦Zv gvbylGK KGi ˆZvGj RwUj| ˆhLvGb gvbyl Õ¼wÕ¦ LuyGR cvq bv|
gvbyGli mvG^ gvbyGli cÉwZGhvwMZv kniGK KiGQ AviI msKxYÆ, AviI eÅÕ¦|
‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvq cÉvavbÅ ˆcGqGQ MÉvgxY Aven| MÉvGgi cvwL, P±`Gbi Wvj, ebPvix evZvm, cvbjZv Avi ebÅ ˆSvGci wPò
Zuvi KweZvq mnRjÞ| ˆhLvGb Kwe LuyGR cvb cÉvGYi Õ·±`b| n†`Gqi mgÕ¦ fvGjvevmv| ˆfvGii wbgÆj evZvm I cvwLi WvK KweGK
gy™¬ KGi| ebÅ ˆSvGci wPò KweGK ˆ`q wbgÆj cÉkvw¯¦| A^Ævr DóxcK I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei fvebvi gvGS cv^ÆKÅ
gƒjZ fvebvMZ w`K ˆ^GK| myZivs, cÉK‡wZMZ w`K ˆ^GKB DóxcK I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi gvGS cÉGf` `†kÅgvb ˆhLvGb
‰Kw`GK bMi Avi AbÅw`GK MÉvGgi wPò DcÕ©vwcZ nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi Zi‚Y Kwe wbkvZ I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei fvebvi gvGS Šemv`†kÅ jÞYxq|
N ‘Kwei RxebGevaB KweZvq cÉwZdwjZ nq’ DóxcK I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi AvGjvGK Zv wbtmG±`Gn ejv hvq|
‰KRb Kwe Rxeb w`Gq ˆh Dcjwº¬àGjv ARÆb KGib, ZvB Zuvi KweZvq AwfeÅwÚ cvq| ZvB ˆKvGbv Kwe hw` knGi ˆeGo IGVb,
ZvnGj Zuvi KweZv ˆhgb nGe; MÉvgxY cwiGeGk ˆeGo IVv ˆKvGbv Kwei KweZv ˆmiKg nGe bv| DóxcGK ˆ`Lv hvq, Zi‚Y Kwe
wbkvZ knGii cwiGeGk eo nGqGQ| knGii `vjvb-ˆKvVv, WvÕ¡web I kwcsgj ˆ`GLB Zvi RxebGeva I KveÅGeva wbwgÆZ nGqGQ|
ZvB Zvi KweZv nGq DGVGQ bvMwiK AbylGãi aviK-evnK|
‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvq Kwei RxebGeva wbwgÆZ nGqGQ MÉvgxY AbylGã| MÉvGgi wbmMÆ, b`x, cvwL Zuvi ˆPZbvq KweZvi inmÅgq
RMGZi «¼vi DG¯ÃvPb KGiGQ| mgvR-msmvi ˆ^GK wewœQ®² nGq hLb wZwb KveÅmvabvq gGbvGhvMx nb ZLbB mwZÅKvGii KweZvi
m†wÓ¡ nq|
‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwe wbRÕ¼ ŠewkÓ¡Å wnGmGe MÉvgxY cÉK‡wZGK KveÅ mylgvq dzwUGq ZzGjGQb| DóxcGKi wbkvZ ˆZgwb wbR
ŠewkÓ¡Å wnGmGe küGi AvenvIqv I welqDcKiGY KweZvGK mg†«¬ KGiGQ| ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZv MÉvgxY wbmMÆ DcKiGY mg†«¬
‰es DóxcGKi wbkvGZi KweZv küGi DcKiGY F«¬ ZvB ejv hvq, Kwei RxebGevaB KweZvq cÉwZdwjZ nq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘Kwei RxebGevaB KweZvq cÉwZdwjZ nq’@ DóxcK I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi AvGjvGK Zv wbtmG±`Gn ejv hvq|
2
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² 3 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
cÉk² 2 ˆgN QyuGqGQ cvnvo P„uov cv^i Mjv b`x K ebPvix evZvGmi ZvGj ebÅ cvbjZv ˆ`vGj| B
KGjvKGjv QGjv QGjv cvnvo SYvÆ eZx L Kwe bv±`wbKGevGa wbg™² nGq Zuvi ˆPZbvGK cvwLi mvG^
ˆhb KZ RbGgi `ytGLi K^v Rgv AvGQ Zvi KvGQ Zzjbv KGiGQb|
gmwjGbi gGZv gymj ˆgN cvnvGoi Mv ˆeGq Kwe Zuvi ˆPZbvGK cvwLi mGã Zzjbv KGiGQb| KviY Zuvi
KGZv K^v, fxi‚ cvGq ˆbGgGQ gvwUi Lye KvGQ| ˆPZbv cvwLi gGZvB Rxe¯¦ hvi gaÅ w`Gq Zuvi KveÅGeva I
K. Avj gvng`y ˆKvb MÉvGg R¯ÃMÉnY KGib? 1 KveÅGPZbviI cÉKvk NGU| Kwei ˆPZbvic… cvwL meyR
AiGYÅi ‰K P±`Gbi WvGj eGm ^vGK| ˆVuvGU ˆgGL ˆbq
L. ‘Avi `ywU ˆPvGLi ˆKvUGi KvUv mycvwii is, cv meyR, cÉK‡wZi myM®¬ civM| eÕ§Z cÉK‡wZNwbÓ¡ Kwe bv±`wbK ˆeva
ˆ^GKB Zuvi ˆPZbvGK cvwLi mGã Zjz bv KGiGQb|
bL ZxeË jvj’ ‰B cO&wÚwU «¼viv Kwe Kx eywSGqGQb? 2
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
M. DóxcGK ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei ˆKvb RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
Abyf„wZGK ZGz j aiv nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvq dzGU IVv Kwei cÉK‡wZNwbÓ¤
gGbvfvGei w`KwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|
N. ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei DÚ Abyf„wZB
N ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi gjƒ fve weGkÏlY KGiv|
wPivqZ I bv±`wbK’@ DóxcGKi fveeÕ§i AvGjvGK
g¯¦eÅwU chÆvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K Avj gvng`y eËvþYevwoqv ˆRjvi ˆgŒovBj MÉvGg R¯ÃMÉnY cÉk² 4 AvRGK mKvGj ‰B MÉvg ˆ`GL cjK cGo bv ˆPvGL|
KGib|
L cO&wÚwU «¼viv Kwe Zuvi ˆPZbvq MÉvgevsjvi wbmMÆ Dcjwº¬i b`xi wKbvGi, NbeGbi avGi, AgvemÅvi w`wNi cvGo|
cÉKvk NwUGqGQb|
Avg Rvg KuvVvGji wgbvGi wgbvGi
Kwei ˆPZbvq wPivqZ MÉvgevsjv ‰K Awfbe ˆmŒ±`GhÆ D«¿vwmZ| avbGÞZ ˆNiv mxgvbvnxb gvGV gvGV
`†wÓ¡GZ Zvi KvUv mycvwii is| meyR cv Avi ZxeË jvj bL ˆhb
gvwU Avi AvKvGk QwoGq cov Kwei `†wÓ¡GZ evsjvi cZvKv I ‰Bme ˆQvU ˆQvU MÉvg [mƒò : ‰Bme MÉvGg@ Aveyj ˆnvGmb]
wbmM-Æ Dcjwº¬i eÅvµ¦ cÉKvk| ‰fvGe cO&wÚwUi gaÅ w`Gq Kwe
ˆPZbvq evsjvi MÉvgxY cÉK‡wZi Aeqe dzGU DGVGQ| K. ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvq Kwei ˆPZbvi…c cvwL
KxGmi WvGj eGm AvGQ? 1
L. ‘gv^vi IcGi wbGP ebPvix evZvGmi ZvGj ˆ`vGj ebÅ
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii cvbjZv...’ PiYwUi gaÅ w`Gq Kx cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ? 2
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe M. DóxcGK ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei ˆKvb
M ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvq dzGU IVv MÉvgxY cÉK‡wZi cÉwZ Abyf„wZGK ZGz j aiv nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
Kwei AwbtGkl ˆevGai w`KwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|
N. ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei DÚ Abyf„wZB
N ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi A¯¦ivGj cÉKvwkZ Kwei wPivqZ I bv±`wbK’@ DóxcGKi fveeÕ§i AvGjvGK
wbmMÆcÉxwZi cÉmãwU weGkÏlY KGiv| g¯¦eÅwU chÆvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
cÉk² 3 e®¬y ‰KUz `vov 4 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
‰GjvGgGjv evZvGmi cvwe mvov K ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi Kwei ˆPZbvic… cvwL meyR
ˆcÉwgK nGe Õœ¼ Q AvKvk AiGYÅ ‰K P±`Gbi WvGj eGm AvGQ| B
ˆcÉwgK K‡úP„ov L cÉGk²vÚ cO&wÚGZ cÉK‡wZi gvGS Kwei ˆPZbvic… cvwLi
AwÕ¦GZ½i Õ¼i…c cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ|
e®¬y ‰KUz `vov|
cvwLZzjÅ Kwemîv cËK‡wZi gGaÅ weivRgvb| P±`Gbi WvGj
K. ebPvix evZvGmi ZvGj Kx ˆ`vGj? 1 wÕ©Z Kwei ˆPZbvic… cvwLi IcGi-wbGP ebPvix evZvGmi
mvG^ ˆ`vj Lvq cvbjZv| cÉK‡wZi ‰B inmÅGNiv ˆmŒ±`GhÆi
L. Kwe Zuvi ˆPZbvGK cvwLi mGã Zzjbv KGiGQb
ˆKb? 2
M. DóxcGKi KweZvsGki mvG^ ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’
KweZvi ˆKvb w`KwUi wgj iGqGQ? AvGjvPbv KGiv|3 gGaÅ myMw®¬ civM ˆgGL Kwei AwÕ¦GZi½ Õ¼i…c cÉKvk cvq|
N. “DóxcGKi KweZvskwU ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi wewPò cÉK‡wZi gvGS cvwLi…c Kwei ˆPZbvi AwÕ¦GZ½i cÉKvk
wecixZ fveGK cÉKvk KGi”@ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 NGUGQ DÚ PiYwUi gaÅ w`Gq|
3
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii cÉk² 6 ‘i…cK’ KweZvq evwnÅK Kvwnwbi AvovGj ˆKvb ‰K
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe AbÅZi A^Æ eÅwéZ nq| cÉvPxbKvj ˆ^GKB c÷ cvLxG`i
AejÁ¼b KGi i…cK Kvwnwb MGo DGVGQ|
M ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvq dzGU IVv Kwei cÉK‡wZGKw±`ÊK
gGbvfvGei w`KwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| [mƒò: mvwnGZÅi ic… -ixwZ I AbÅvbÅ cÉmã]
N ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZv AejÁ¼Gb KweZv m†wÓ¡GZ Kwei K. Kwei ˆPZbvi…c cvwLi ˆPvGLi ˆKvUGii is ˆKgb? 1
bv±`wbK ˆevGai cÉGqvRbxqZv weGkÏlY KGiv|
L. ‘ˆhb Zvi ZG¯¨ gG¯¨ fGi AvGQ P±`Gbi Wvj|’@
cO&wÚwUGZ Kwe Kx eywSGqGQb? 2
AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk² M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ‘i…cK KweZvi’ ŠewkGÓ¡Åi mGã
cÉk² 5 QvòRxeb ˆ^GKB ˆgvnvBwgb KweZv ˆjGL| AvR ˆm ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi mv`†kÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
Kwe ˆgvnvBwgb| cÉK‡wZB ZvGK AvœQ®² KGi ivGL mvivÞY, N. “ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ ‰KwU mv^ÆK i…cK KweZv|”@
mRGb WvGj eGm ^vKv wdGO cvwLwUI Zvi KvGQ KLGbv KLGbv DóxcK I ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi AvGjvGK
inmÅgq gGb nq| miGl dzGji weÕ¦xYÆ gvGV nvwiGq ˆhGZ BGœQ g¯¦eÅwU wePvi KGiv| 4
KGi Zvi| bZzbGK m†wÓ¡i jGÞÅ cÉK‡wZi gvGS LuyGR ˆdGi i‚c- cÉk² 7 Kwe
is Avi fvGjv jvMv| msmvGii gvqv ˆhb ZvGK euvaGZ cvGi bv eÅwÚmîv Kwemîv
ˆKvGbvfvGeB| cÉK‡wZi msmvGiB ˆm wewjGq w`GZ Pvq
wbGRGK| hLb cÉK‡wZ Avi m†wÓ¡i wgjb NGU, ZLb NGU Zvi KweZv mw† Ó¡
wbmM-Æ Dcjwº¬i Awb±`Å cÉKvk| cvwicvwk¼ÆKZvi wei…c fve
K. Kwe Avj gvngyG`i cÉK‡Z bvg Kx? 1
L. mv`v cvwLi AeqGe Kwe ˆKvb w`KwUGK DcÕ©vcb AvnZ Kwe KweZvi weRq
KGiGQb? eÅvLÅv KGiv? 2
M. DóxcGK ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi ˆKvb w`KwUi K. Kwe Avj gvngy` `xNÆw`b ˆKvb ˆckvi mGã RwoZ
mv`†kÅ iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 wQGjb? 1
N. Kwe ˆgvnvBwgGbi ˆPZbvq ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi L. Kwei ˆPZbvi…c cvwL P±`Gbi WvGj eGm AvGQ ˆKb? 2
Kwe Avj gvngyG`i ˆPZbviB ewntcÉKvk NGUGQ@ M. DóxcGKi Kwemîvi mGã ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 ˆPZbvi gwb ‰i Zzjbv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‘ˆjvK-ˆjvKv¯¦i’ KweZvi gƒjfve
AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©
w`jIqvi [1937-2013]
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cGÉ kv² îi
cÉk² 1 Avwg RG¯ÃwQ evsjvq, Avwg evsjvq K^v ewj 1
Avwg evsjvi Avjc^ w`Gq nvRvi eQi Pwj|
Pwj cwjgvwU ˆKvgGj Avgvi Pjvi wPn× ˆdGj 2
ˆZGivkZ b`x ÷avq AvgvGK, ˆKv^v ˆ^GK Zzwg ‰Gj? 3
************************** 4
ZviB BwZnvm ˆcÉiYvq Avwg evsjvq c^ Pwj
ˆPvGL bxjvKvk, eyGK wek¼vm, cvGq DeÆi cwj|
K. ‘ˆng’ kGõi A^Æ Kx?
L. ‘ˆiGLwQ Avgvi cÉvY Õ¼µ²GK
eGãvcmvMGiB’@ PiYwUGZ Kwe Kx ˆevSvGZ ˆPGqGQb?
M. DóxcGK ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi cÉwZdwjZ w`KwU eÅvLÅv Ki|
N. DóxcKwU ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi ‰Kgvò AvGjvPÅ welq bq AviI welq AvGQ@ weGkÏlY Ki|
1 bÁ¼i cÉGk²i Dîi
K ‘ˆng’ kGõi A^Æ@ myeYÆ ev ˆmvbv|
L ‰LvGb Kwe eGãvcmvMGii wekvjZvi mGã wbGRi AwÕ¦GZ½i HKÅmƒò Abyfe KGi eGãvcmvMGii kwÚi KvGQ Zuvi cÉvGYi
Õ¼µG² K mgcÆY Kivi K^v ˆevSvGZ ˆPGqGQb|
mvMi ˆhgb wekvj, Kwei Õ¼µI² ˆZgb wekvj| ˆm Õ¼µ² nGjv wbGRi AwÕ¦Z½ I evOvwj RvwZmîvGK weG`wk AvMÉvmGbi nvZ ˆ^GK
iÞv Kivi Õ¼µ²| Kwe Pvb ˆ`k I RvwZ ‰ Õ¼µG² K aviY Ki‚K| weG`wkiv eySGZ cvi‚K eGãvcmvMi ˆhgb wekvj, evOvwj RvwZi
Õ¼µ²I ˆZgb wekvj|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‰LvGb Kwe eGãvcmvMGii wekvjZvi mGã wbGRi AwÕ¦GZ½i HKÅmƒò Abyfe KGi eGãvcmvMGii kwÚi KvGQ Zuvi
cÉvGYi Õ¼µ²GK mgcÆY Kivi K^v ˆevSvGZ ˆPGqGQb|
M DóxcGK ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi Kwei Avcb AwÕ¦Z½ I evOvwj RvwZmîvi cwiPq cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ|
evOvwj RvwZmîvi cwiPq Abvw`KvGji| Kwe w`jIqvi Avcb ˆkvwYGZ Abvw`KvGji AwÕ©GK enb KGib| ‰B AwÕ© evOvwj
RvwZmîvi nvRvi eQGii cwiPqGK Kwei gaÅ w`Gq cÉwZwbwaZ½ KiGQ|
‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi Kwe c«Âv-ˆgNbv-hgybvi cÉengvb avivi evOvwji AvengvbKvGji AwÕ¦Z½GK jvwjZ nGZ
ˆ`GLGQb| ‰B evsjvi wewPò Rxebi…cx ˆhme b`x eGq PGjGQ, Kwe ˆmB wewPò RxeGbiB i…cKvi| ˆmB RxebGK AvñÕ© KGiB
Kwe wbGRi AwÕ¦Z½GK aviY KGiGQb ‰B RvwZmîvi ˆkvwYZ AwÕ©GZ| ZvB wbGRi iGÚ Kwei ˆmB Abyfe AvR¯ÃKvjxb I
meÆgq| DóxcGKi KweZvsGkI Kwe ‰B evsjvq RG¯ÃGQb eGj DGÍÏL KGiGQb| ‰B evsjvi ˆgGVv Avjc^ w`Gq wZwb nvRvi
eQGii c^ cwiKÌgY KGiGQb| ‰ c^-cwiKÌgvq b`xweGaŒZ evsjvG`Gki cwjgvwU Kwei PiYGK Õ·kÆ KGiGQ| ZvGZB wbGRi
AwÕ¦Z½ ‰ ˆ`Gki gvwUi mGã weuGa AvGQ eGj Kwe wbwøZ DœPviY KGiGQb| Kwe w`jIqvGii KweZvqI ‰B ‰KB DœPviY jÞ
Kiv hvq| ZvB DóxcGKi KweZvsGk ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi Kwei Avcb AwÕ¦Z½ I evOvwj RvwZmîvi cwiPqwU
mv^ÆKfvGe cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGK ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi Kwei Avcb AwÕ¦Z½ I evOvwj RvwZmîvi cwiPq cwÉ ZdwjZ nGqGQ|
N DóxcGK ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi Kwei Avcb AwÕ¦Z½ I evOvwj RvwZmîvi cwiPq dzGU DVGjI ‰i A¯¦wbÆwnZ
kwÚi K^v ˆbB eGj Zv KweZvi ‰Kgvò welq bq, ‰i AviI welq eÅvcKZv iGqGQ|
2
c«Âv-ˆgNbv-hgybvi RjivwkGZ wbGRi ˆKvÌ aGK mwçZ KGi Kwe w`jIqvi wewPò RxeGbi K^v ZzGj aGiGQb| b`xi RjcÉevn
‰K mgq mgyG`Ë wMGq Avcb AwÕ¦Z½GK wejxb KGi ˆdGj, welqwU KweGK fvweGq ˆZvGj| AwÕ¦Z½GK mgy®Z² ivLGZB Kwe ‰ ˆ`Gki
MYgvbyGli AbÅvGqi wei‚G«¬ ˆKÌvaGK KweZvq Õ©vb w`GqGQb ‰es wbGRGK Zvi cÉwZwbwai…Gc DcÕ©vcb KGiGQb|
DóxcGKi KweZvsGk Kwe AvñcwiPGqi mƒò aGi evsjvi mGã Avcb AwÕ¦GZ½i mÁ·KÆ ZzGj aGiGQb| evOvwji A¯¦wbÆwnZ kwÚ
nGœQ AbÅvq-AZÅvPvGii wei‚G«¬ ˆKÌva| hMy -hyMv¯¦Gi ewntkò‚i AvKgÌ GY evOvwj kwÚgîvi cwiPq w`GqGQ| DóxcGKi Kwe ÷ay
wbGRGK evOvwji my`ƒi AZxGZi HwZGnÅi mGã mÁ·†Ú KGiGQb; wbGRi cwiPGqi my`xNÆ ˆhvMmƒò wbYÆq KGiGQb|
‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvq AvMÉvmx weG`wk RvwZi cÉwZ Kwei weG«¼lfve cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ| Kwe wbR RvwZmîvi kwÚgîvGK
weG`wk nvGqbvG`i cÉwZnZ Kivi welqwU KweZvq Õ·Ó¡ KGi ZzGjGQb hv evOvwji A¯w¦ bÆwnZ kwÚGK wbG`Æk KGi| eGãvcmvMGii gGZv
weivU kwÚ I Õ¼µ² iGqGQ evOvwji| ‰me mvnmx DóxcGK AbycwÕ©Z eGj DóxcKwU AvGjvPÅ KweZvi ‰Kgvò welq bq, ‰gb g¯¦eÅ
h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGK ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi Kwei Avcb AwÕ¦Z½ I evOvwj RvwZmîvi cwiPq dzGU DVGjI ‰i
A¯¦wbÆwnZ kwÚi K^v ˆbB eGj Zv KweZvi ‰Kgvò welq bq, ‰i AviI welq eÅvcKZv iGqGQ|
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² cÉk² 3 ˆmvGnj ˆ`Gk ˆdivi ci evev-gv Lywk| aygavg KGi
cÉk² 2 evsjvi nvIqv evsjvi Rj ˆQGji weGq w`Gjb| wZb gvm ci evev wRGæm KiGjb, ‘KGe
n†`q Avgvi KGi mykxZj hvwe AvGgwiKv? ˆeŒgvi wfmv KGe jvMGe?’ ˆmvGnj Pzc KGi
‰Z myL kvw¯¦ ‰Z cwigj ^vGK| ‰fvGe PGj AviI wKQyw`b| ‰Kw`b ˆmvGnj evev-gv,
ˆKv^v cve Avi evsjv Qvov| Õ¨xGK WvKGjb emvi NGi| ejGjb ‘Kvj Avwg RGqb KiwQ|’
[mƒò: evsjv Avgvi@ KvqGKvev`] mevB AevK, KLb ˆµÏGbi wUGKU KvUv nGjv, jvGMR KLb
K. ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvwU ˆKvb KveÅMɯ© àQvGe, ˆµÏGbi mgq KLb BZÅvw`| ˆmvGnj mevi bvbv cÉGki²
ˆ^GK ˆbIqv nGqGQ? 1 Dîi w`Gjb `ywU evGKÅ@ ‘Avwg ˆ`GkB ^vKwQ| weG`Gk hLb
L. Kwe ˆKb Pviw`GK wewPò RxeGbi is ˆ`LGZ cvb? 2 ˆjLvcov KGiwQ, BDwbfvwmÆwUGZ wKQyw`b cwoGqwQ, ZLwb wm«¬v¯¦
M. DóxcK AejÁ¼Gb ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi wbGqwQjvg Avi ILvGb wdiGev bv, ˆZvgvG`i ˆmUv ewjwb, AvR
evsjvi cÉvK‡wZK ˆmŒ±`GhiÆ eYÆbv `vI| 3 ejwQ, Avwg ‰ ˆ`k ˆQGo Avi ˆKv^vI hve bv|’
N. DóxcK ‰es ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvq K. Kwei ˆKÌva ˆKgb? 1
Õ¼G`Gki cÉwZ Mfxi ggZ½GevGai Õ¼i…c wbYÆq KGiv| L. evsjvi gvwUGZ KxfvGe MwjZ ˆmvbv wgGk AvGQ? 2
4 M. DóxcGK ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi ˆKvb
2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi w`KwUi BwãZ iGqGQ? AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
K ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvwU ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` N. DóxcGK ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi gƒjfvGei
AwÕ©’ KveÅMɯ© ˆ^GK ˆbIqv nGqGQ|
KZUzKz cÉwZdjb NGUGQ? weGklÏ Y KGiv| 4
L MYwk͸xi Zzwj nvGZ wbGqGQb eGj Kwe Pviw`GK wewPò 3 bÁ¼i cGÉ k²i Dîi
RxeGbi is ˆ`LGZ cvb|
K Kwei ˆKÌva fqvj NƒwYÆi gGZv|
Kwe evsjvi eyGK AmsLÅ b`xi c^ Pjv ˆ`GLGQb| Kwe AmsLÅ L evsjvi gvwUGZ cwji…Gc MwjZ ˆmvbv wgGk AvGQ|
gvbyGli RxebGKI ˆ`GLGQb| MYwk͸xi Zzwj nvGZ wbGq mevi evsjvG`k b`xgvZ†K K‡wlcÉavb ˆ`k| elÆvKvGj wKsev ebÅvi
RxeGbi i…cKvi wnGmGe wbGRGK DcÕ©vcb KGiGQb| mgq ‰G`Gki dmwj RwgGZ ˆhvM nq ˆmvbviOv cwjgvwU| Kwe
ˆm cwjgvwUGKB ˆmvbv ˆgkvGbv eGjGQb, KviY ‰ gvwUGZB
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii dGj ˆmvbvi dmj| ˆh gvwU LuvwU ˆmvbvi gGZvB gƒjÅevb| ZvB
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe ejv hvq cwji…Gc evsjvi gvwUGZ MwjZ ˆmvbv wgGk AvGQ|
M ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi AvGjvGK evsjvG`Gki mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
cÉvK‡wZK ˆmŒ±`GhÆi eYbÆ v DcÕ©vcb KiGe| RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
M ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvq ewYÆZ Kwei
N ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvq Kwei ˆ`kGcÉg ZzGj ˆ`kvñGevGai Õ¼i…c eÅvLÅv KGiv|
aiGe|
N ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvi gjƒ fve weGkÏlY KGiv|
3
AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk² cÉk² 5 wgQv gwYgyÚv ˆng / Õ¼G`Gki wcÉq ˆcgÉ
Zvi ˆPGq ið ˆbB Avi|
cÉk² 4 mZZ, ˆn b`, Zzwg co ˆgvi gGb| myavKGi KZ myav / `ƒi KGi Z‡úv Þzav
mZZ ˆZvgvi K^v fvwe ‰ weiGj; Õ¼G`Gki ÷f mgvPvi||
övZ‡fve fvwe gGb / ˆ`L ˆ`kevmxMGY
mZZ (ˆh gwZ ˆjvK wbkvi Õ¼cGb ˆcÉgcƒYÆ bqb ˆgwjqv|
ˆ`Gki KzKzi awi weG`Gki VvKzi ˆdwjqv
ˆkvGb gvqv g¯¨a»wb) Ze KjKGj
RyovB ‰ Kvb Avwg övw¯¦i QjGb!
eü ˆ`Gk ˆ`wLqvwQ eü b` `Gj,
wK¯¦y ‰ ˆÕ²Gni Z‡úv wgGU Kvi RGj? K. ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvq ˆgvU KqwU b`xi
`y™¬ ˆmËvGZvi…cx Zzwg R¯Ãf„wg Õ¦Gb? bvg DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ? 1
[mƒò: KGcvZvÞ b` @ gvBGKj gaymƒ`b `î] L. Kwe eGãvcmvMGii KvGQ Zuvi cÉvGYi Õ¼µ²GK
K. Kwe w`jIqvi ˆKvb b`xi KvGQ ˆhŒeb Pvb? 1 ˆiGLGQb KxfvGe? 2
L. ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZvq myigv b`xi M. ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’ KweZv I DóxcGKi ˆKvb
weGkl w`KwU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ? AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
cÉmã ZzGj aiv nGqGQ ˆKb? 2
M. DóxcGKi KweZvsGki mGã ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` N. ‘ˆ`Gki KzKzi awi/ weG`Gki VvKzi ˆdwjqv|’@
DóxcGKi KweZvskUzKz ‘iGÚ Avgvi Abvw` AwÕ©’
AwÕ©’ KweZvi Šemv`†kÅ ˆ`LvI| 3
N. ‘Õ©vb, Kvj, ˆcÉÞvcGUi wf®²Zv ^vKGjI Kwe KweZvi gƒjfvGei mGã mãwZcYƒ Æ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ
gvBGKj gaymƒ`b `î I Kwe w`jIqvi DfqB `vI| 4
ˆ`kGcÉGg F«¬’@ DwÚwU wePvi KGiv| 4
1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
wmivRDGóŒjv
wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi [1918@1975]
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGk²vîi
cÉk² 1 cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKeMÆ `xNÆ Pwe»k eQi evOvwjG`i Ici kvmb, ˆkvlY, AZÅvPvi I wbhvÆ Zb PvwjGqGQ| eãe®¬y ˆkL
gywReyi ingvGbi ˆbZ‡GZ½ ‰G`Gki gvbyl Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ eyGKi ZvRv iÚ ˆXGj w`GqGQ I ˆ`k Õ¼vaxb KGiGQ| ˆ`Gki gvbyGli RbÅ
eãe®¬y eüevi ˆRj ˆLGUGQb| 1975 mvGj ˆ`wk I weG`wk Õ¼v^ÆvG¯¼lx gnj loh¯¨ KGi ˆ`kGcÉwgK ‰ gnvb ˆbZvGK nZÅv KGi|
[Xv. ˆev. 16]
K. ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi iPwqZv ˆK? 1
L. ‘Zvi beve nIqvUvB Avgvi gÕ¦ ÞwZ’@ DwÚwUi ZvrchÆ ˆjGLv| 2
M. DóxcGKi eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi ˆ`kGcÉGgi welqwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆKvb PwiGòi mGã AwaKZi
mãwZcYƒ Æ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGKi Õ¼v^ÆvG¯¼lx gnGji f„wgKv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi AvGjvGK weGkÐlY KGiv| 4
1 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi iPwqZv wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi|
L wmivRDGóŒjv beve nIqvq NGmwU ˆeMg ClÆvw®¼Z nGq cGob| beve Avwjew`Æ Luv Zuvi g†ZzÅi AvGM ˆ`Œwnò wmivRDGóŒjvGK
wmsnvmGbi DîivwaKvi w`Gq hvb| wK¯§ NGmwU ˆeMg ‰ wm«¬v¯¦ ˆgGb wbGZ cvGibwb| ZvB wZwb beve wmivRDGóŒjvi wei‚G«¬ bvbv
lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nb| ‰Kw`b ivRgvZv Avwgbvi mvgGb NGmwU ˆeMg wmivGRi Agãj Kvgbv KiGj Avwgbv eGjb, ‘wmivR ˆZvgvi ˆKvGbv
ÞwZ KGiwb, eo Avcv|’ ‰i DîGi NGmwU ˆeMg ÞwZi aib eÅvLÅv KGi eGjb, ‘Zvi beve nIqvUvB ˆZv Avgvi gÕ¦ ÞwZ|’
DîGii mvieÕ§: wmivRDGóŒjv beve nIqvq wbGRi ÞwZ nGqGQ, ‰i…c aviYv eÅÚ KGi NGmwU ˆeMg Avwgbvi cÉwZ cÉGkv² Ú DwÚwU
KGiGQb|
M DóxcGK cÉKvwkZ eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi ˆ`kGcÉGgi welqwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wmivRDGóŒjv PwiGòi mGã
meÆvwaK mãwZcƒY|Æ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK beve wmivRDGóŒjv ‰KRb gnvb ˆ`kGcgÉ x| ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^ÆGK wZwb mewKQyi ˆPGq
ˆewk ài‚Z½ w`GqGQb| ZGe wZwb ˆ`k cwiPvjbvi ˆÞGò ˆ`wk I weG`wk bvbv lohG¯¨i wkKvi nb| wgiRvdimn Zuvi mnGhvMxG`i
AGbGKB BsGiRG`i mGã nvZ wgwjGq bevGei civRq AwbevhÆ KGi ˆZvGj| loh¯¨KvixivB ZuvGK wbgÆgfvGe nZÅv KGi| ˆ`Gki
RbÅ cÉvY ˆ`Iqv ‰B gnvb kvmK ˆ`kvñGevGai ˆPZbvq DäxweZ wQGjb|
DóxcGKi eãe®¬y ‰KRb Awemsevw`Z ˆ`kGcgÉ xi bvg| cvwKÕv¦ wb kvmb-ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ wZwb meÆ`v ˆmvœPvi wQGjb| Zuvi Avn»vGb
‰G`Gki Avcvgi RbmvaviGYi AskMÉnGY gywÚhyG«¬i gaÅ w`Gq Õ¼vaxb nq AvgvG`i ˆ`k| eãe®¬y Zuvi `xNÆ ivR‹bwZK RxeGb ˆ`Gki
RbÅ eüevi ˆRj ˆLGUGQb| wK¯§ ˆ`Gki gãjwP¯v¦ ˆ^GK `ƒGi mGi hvbwb| Zey wmivRDGóŒjvi gGZvB 1975 mvGj ˆ`wk I weG`wk
Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gnGji lohG¯¨i wkKvi nGq g†ZzÅeiY KiGZ nq ZuvGK| ˆ`kGK fvGjvGeGm, ˆ`Gki RbÅ cÉvY w`Gq eãe®¬y I wmivRDGóŒjv
ciÕ·Gii mv`†kÅcƒYÆ nGq DGVGQb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wmivRDGóŒjv ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^ÆGK mewKQyi ˆPGq ˆewk ài‚Z½ w`GZb| AcicGÞ, DóxcGKi eãe®¬y
‰KRb Awemsevw`Z ˆ`kGcÉwgGKi bvg| ˆ`Gki RbÅ cÉvY w`Gq eãe®¬y I wmivRDGóŒjv ciÕ·Gii mv`†kÅcƒYÆ nGq DGVGQb|
N ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gnj ˆhfvGe loh¯¨ KGi wmivRDGóŒjvGK nZÅv KGiGQ, DóxcGKi Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gnGji f„wgKvI
AGbKUv ‰KBiKg| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wgiRvdi I Zvi mnGhvMxiv ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^ÆGK Rjvéwj w`Gq eÅwÚÕ¼v^ÆGK ài‚Z½ w`GqGQ|
Õ¼vG^Æ A®¬ nGq Zviv weG`wk kwÚi mGã nvZ wgwjGq bevGei wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGiGQ| cjvwki hyG«¬ bevGei civRGqi KviY
wgiRvdi, ivReÍÏf, RMrGkV cÉgyGLi wek¼vmNvZKZv| ˆ`kG`Ëvnx ‰ wek¼vmNvZKiv ZvG`i beveGK nZÅv KiGZI wcQcv nqwb|
DóxcGKi Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gnj weG`wk gnGji mGã nvZ wgwjGq ˆ`Gki wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGiGQ| ‰ KzPKÌx gnj loh¯¨ KGi ˆ`Gki RbÅ
wbGew`ZcÉvY ˆbZv eãe®¬yGK nZÅv KGiGQ| ZvG`i ‰ f„wgKv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi I Zvi mnGhvMxG`i Abyi…c|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK ‰es DóxcK, DfqGÞGò Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gnj wek¼vmNvZKZv KGi ˆ`Gki ÞwZ KGiGQ| nZÅv KGiGQ ˆ`kGcÉgx
ivÓ¡ÇbvqKG`i| Õ¼vG^Æi cÉGqvRGb Zviv nvZ wgwjGqGQ weG`wk kò‚G`i mGã| Avi ‰fvGe ˆ`k I RvwZi mGã wek¼vmNvZKvi mƒGò
DóxcGKi Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gnj ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mGã mvgémÅcƒYÆ nGq DGVGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: eÅwÚÕ¼v^ÆGK cÉvavbÅ w`Gq ˆ`kG`Ëvn I ivÓ¡ÇbvqKGK nZÅvi gvaÅGg ˆ`k I RvwZi mGã wek¼vmNvZKvi mƒGò DóxcGKi
Õ¼v^ÆvG®l¼ x gnj ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mGã mvgémÅcƒYÆ|
2
cÉk²2 Awemsevw`Z ˆbZv eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb| MYZ¯¨ iÞvi Õ¼vG^Æ ŠÕ¼ivPvix cvwKÕv¦ b kvmGKi wei‚G«¬ AvRxeb jovB
KGiGQb| 1952, 1969 ‰es ˆkl chƯ¦ 1971 mvGj ‰Gm ZuviB ˆbZ‡GZ½ Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg evsjvG`k bvGgi ivGÓ¡Èi R¯Ã nq| wK¯§
cvwKÕ¦vwb loh¯¨Kvix `vjvGjiv ˆ^Gg ^vGKwb| Zuvi D`viZvi myGhvGM Zviv ‰G`Gk Avevi wkKo ˆMGo eGm| ÷i‚ nq bZzb loh¯¨|
ZviB Pig cwiYwZ nq 1975 mvGji cGbGivB AvMÕ¡| [iv. ˆev. 16]
K. wgiRvdi ˆK?
L. “÷ay IB ‰KwU cG^B Avgiv DfGq DfGqi KvQvKvwQ AvmGZ cvwi|” KxfvGe? 1
2
M. ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mvG^ DóxcGK eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi ˆKvGbv mv`†kÅ AvGQ wK? AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. ‘‘DóxcGKi eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb ‰es bvUGKi wmivRDGóŒjv DfGq AvcbRGbi lohG¯¨i wkKvi nGjI
DóxcGKi mvG^ bvUGKi Šemv`†kÅ iGqGQ’’@ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K wgiRvdi wQGjb beve wmivRDGóŒjvi cÉavb ˆmbvcwZ ev wmcvnmvjvi|
L ˆ`Gki msKGU wmivRDGóŒjv mKjGK ‰KZve«¬ nGq ˆ`Gki kò‚G`i cÉwZnZ Kivi Avn»vb Rvbvb| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi
w«¼Zxq AGâi cÉ^g `†GkÅ beve wmivRDGóŒjv wgiRvdiG`i Ici wbGRi mw±`™¬ gGbvfve ˆcvlY KGib| ‰GZ wgiRvdi eGjb,
‘AvgvG`i cÉwZ bevGei mw±`™¬ gGbvfvGei cwieZÆb bv nGj ˆ`Gki KjÅvGYi K^v ˆfGe Avgiv DrKw¥¤Z nGq DVe|’ beveI ˆ`Gki
KjÅvY cÉZÅvkv KGib| ZvB ˆ`kevmxi KjÅvGYi RbÅ beve wgiRvdiG`i ‰KZve«¬ nGZ eGjb| bevGei gGZ, ˆKej ˆ`kevmxi
KjÅvGYi cG^B beve wmivRDGóŒjv I wgiRvdGiiv KvQvKvwQ AvmGZ cvGib|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ˆ`Gki KjÅvGYi cG^B ˆh beve I wgiRvdGiiv ‰KZve«¬ nGZ cvGib@ ˆmK^vB eÅÚ nGqGQ AvGjvPÅ g¯¦GeÅ|
M ˆ`Gki cÉwZ fvGjvevmv I ggZ½GevGa wmivRDGóŒjv wQGjb wbGew`ZcÉvY|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK AvGQ ˆ`kGcÉg I ˆ`kG`ËvGni «¼±«¼| ˆmLvGb wmivRDGóŒjv ‰K gnvb ˆ`kGcgÉ x, ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^ÆB Zuvi KvGQ gyLÅ
welq| cÉRvG`i wZwb fvGjvevmGZb| cÉRvG`i kvw¯¦i RbÅ wZwb AvcÉvY ˆPÓ¡v KGiGQb| wK¯§ wZwb wkKvi nb ˆ`wk I weG`wk
lohG¯¨i| wmivRDGóŒjvi mnGhvMx wgiRvdi I AbÅ ˆ`kG`Ëvnxiv BsGiRG`i mGã nvZ wgwjGq ZuvGK nZÅvi loh¯¨ KGi| ‰B
lohG¯¨i dGj beve cjvwki hGy «¬ civwRZ nb| loh¯¨Kvixiv ZuvGK wbggÆfvGe nZÅv KGi|
DóxcGK eãe®¬yi K^v ejv nGqGQ| wZwb AvRxeb MYZG¯¨i RbÅ msMÉvg KGiGQb| ZuviB ˆbZ‡GZ½ 1971 mvGj evsjvG`k Õ¼vaxb
nq| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vwb loh¯¨Kvix `vjvGjiv ˆ^Gg ^vGKwb| Zuvi D`viZvi myGhvGM Zviv ‰G`Gk ˆkKo ˆMGo eGm| bZzb lohG¯¨i
KviGY 1975 mvGji 15B AvMÕ¡ b†ksm nZÅvKvGíi wkKvi nb wZwb| Zuvi ‰B nZÅvKví beve wmivRDGóŒjvi nZÅvKvíGK ÕÃiY
KwiGq ˆ`q| ZvB ejv hvq, ˆ`kGcÉg I ˆ`kG`ËvGni «¼G±«¼i cwiGcÉwÞGZ DóxcK I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mv`†kÅ eZÆgvb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ˆ`Gki RbÅ wbGew`ZcÉvY nIqv mGî½I ˆ`wk-weG`wk lohG¯¨i wkKvi nIqvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi
wmivRDGóŒjv I DóxcGKi ‘eãe®¬y’i gGaÅ mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
N cÉavb ˆmbvcwZG`i wek¼vmNvZKZv I cÉvmv` lohG¯¨i KviGY beve wmivRDGóŒjvi Ki‚Y cwiYwZ NGU@ ‰ welqwUB
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK ˆ`wL beve wmivRDGóŒjv Zuvi wek¼Õ¦ ˆjvKG`i nvGZ wbnZ
nGqGQb| wbnZ nIqvi AvGM wZwb cjvwki hyG«¬ civwRZ nb| ‰ici ZuvGK ew±` Kiv nq| ew±` ^vKv AeÕ©vq ˆgvnvÁÃw`
ˆeGMi nvGZ wbnZ nb wZwb|
DóxcGKi eãe®¬yI wbnZ nb loh¯¨KvixG`i nvGZ| wK¯§ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi NUbv ˆ^GK Zuvi g†ZzÅNUbv wf®²Zi| wmivRDGóŒjv
civwRZ AeÕ©vq wbnZ nb| AbÅw`GK eãe®¬y wbnZ nb ZuviB ˆbZ‡GZ½ Õ¼vaxb nIqv ˆ`Gk| Zuvi D`viZvi myGhvM MÉnY KGi
loh¯¨Kvixiv N†YÅ ‰ nZÅvKví NUvq| AbÅw`GK, AvGjvPÅ bvUGKi ˆ`kGcÉgx wmivRDGóŒjv wbnZ nb Zuvi cvwil`eGMÆi lohG¯¨|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wbnZ nGqGQb hyG«¬ civwRZ wmivRDGóŒjv| AbÅw`GK, eãe®¬y wbnZ nGqGQb Zuvi KvGQ civwRZ nIqv
gvbylG`i lohG¯¨| ‰Qvov ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cUf„wgGZ AvGQ 1757 mvGji cjvwki hy«¬, wK¯§ DóxcGKi cUf„wgGZ AvGQ
evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vwaKvi I Õ¼vaxbZv AvG±`vjb| ZvQvov ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wekvj cwimGi DGV Avmv AviI bvbv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ w`K
iGqGQ, DóxcGKi ռ͸ cwimGi hvi meàGjv w`K AvGjvwPZ nqwb| ‰B wf®²Zvi KviGY ejv hvq, DóxcGKi eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi
ingvb ‰es bvUGKi wmivRDGóŒjv DfGq AvcbRbG`i lohG¯¨i wkKvi nGjI DóxcGKi mGã bvUGKi Šemv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wbnZ nGqGQb hyG«¬ civwRZ wmivRDGóŒjv| AbÅw`GK eãe®¬y wbnZ nGqGQb Zuvi KvGQ
civwRZ nIqv gvbylG`i lohG¯¨|
3
cÉk²3 iÚ SGi
Aw™i² gGZv euvGki ˆKÍÏv ˆew`i cGi
iÚ SivB duvwmi gGç «¼xcv¯¦Gi
SGiGQ mKj iÚ| ‰Lb KLvbv nvGo
SKSK KGi ZxeË ZxÞ° ekÆv-djv
bZzb `myÅ AvGm hw`, ˆ`k ˆ`Gev bv ZvGi
BÕ·vZ nvGo MGowQ eRÊ ewn×-R¾vjv\ [w`. ˆev. 16]
K. ˆK AvÍÏvni Kvjvg QyuGq Iqv`v KGiwQj? 1
L. beve wmivRDGóŒjv ˆKb wgiRvdi PKÌGK ew±` KGibwb? 2
M. DóxcGKi ‘euvGki ˆKÍÏv’ Avi cjvwki ‘AvgËKvbb’ KZUKz z mv`†kÅcƒYÆ? 3
N. ‘bZzb `myÅ AvGm hw`, ˆ`k ˆ`Gev bv ZvGi’@ DwÚwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆ`kGcÉGgi AvGjvGK AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
3 bÁ¼i cGÉ k²i Dîi
K AvÍÏvni Kvjvg QyuGq Iqv`v KGiwQj wgiRvdi|
L beve wmivRDGóŒjv ˆmbvevwnbx ei`vkZ KiGe wK bv ˆfGe wgiRvdiG`i loh¯¨ RvbGZ ˆcGiI ZvG`i ew±` KGibwb |
beve wmivRDGóŒjv cÉ^g ˆ^GKB eySGZ cvGib wgiRvdi PKÌ Zuvi wei‚G«¬ lohG¯¨ wjµ|¦ Zey wZwb cÉwZKvGii ˆPÓ¡v KGiI ˆkl fimv
cvbwb| hvi RbÅ aGgÆi bvGg Iqv`v KwiGq wgiRvdi PKÌGK wbiÕ¦ KiGZ Pvb| ivReÍÏf, RMrGkVGK KGq` KiGj, wgiRvdiGK duvwm
w`Gj nqGZv cÉwZKvi nGZv, wK¯§ ˆmbvevwnbx Zv ei`vkZ KiZ wK bv ‰ mskGqi KviGYB beve wgiRvdi PKÌGK ew±` KGibwb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: wmivRDGóŒjv wgiRvdiG`i loh¯¨ RvbGZ ˆcGiI ew±` KGibwb ˆmbvevwnbx Zv ei`vkZ KiGe wK bv ˆfGe|
M weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ evOvwji h«y ¬GÞò wnGmGe DóxcGKi ‘euvGki ˆKÍÏv’ Avi cjvwki ‘AvgËKvbb’ ˆek mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
cjvwki AvgËKvbb ‰G`kxqG`i KvGQ ‰K ÕÃiYxq bvg| ‰LvGbB 1757 mvGj hGy «¬ civwRZ nGq AÕ¦wgZ nq evOvwji Õ¼vaxbZvi
mƒhÆ| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK ‰B cjvwki AvgËKvbGbi K^v DGÍÏL AvGQ| bvUGK ewYÆZ nGqGQ KxfvGe wgiRvdi I AbÅ
ˆ`kG`ËvnxG`i wek¼vmNvZKZvq civwRZ nb beve wmivRDGóŒjv|
DóxcGKi euvGki ˆKÍÏvI ˆZgwb ‰K HwZnvwmK Õ©vb| ‰B bvGgi mGã wgGk AvGQ wZZzgxi I AmsLÅ evOvwji Amxg mvnwmKZv
I cÉvY wemRÆGbi BwZnvm| wZZzgxi ‰Kw`b ‰B euvGki ˆKÍÏv ˆ^GK weËwUk kvmGbi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvg ˆNvlYv KGiwQGjb| ˆmw`Gbi
ˆmB hGy «¬ wZZzgxi Rqjvf KGibwb, eis iÚ SGiwQj AmsLÅ evOvwji| AbÅw`GK, euvGki ˆKÍÏvGZI weËwUk I evOvwji Š«¼i^;
‰GÞGò djvdj civRq I evOvwji g†ZzÅ| ˆmw`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi euvGki ˆKÍÏv ‰es cjvwki AvgËKvbb mv`†kÅcƒYÆ nGq DGVGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ evOvwji hy«¬GÞò wnGmGe DóxcGKi euvGki ˆKÍÏv Avi cjvwki AvgËKvbb ˆek mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
N ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK beve wmivRDGóŒjvi ˆ`kGcÉGgi mGã DóxcGKi ‘bZzb `myÅ AvGm hw` ˆ`k ˆ`e bv ZvGi’ DwÚwU
mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK beve wmivRDGóŒjv ‰K gnvb ˆ`kGcÉwgK| ˆ`Gki gvbyGli Õ¼v^ÆB Zuvi KvGQ meGPGq ˆewk ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ| ‰
RbÅ wZwb wgiRvdiG`i lohG¯¨i K^v RvbGZ ˆcGiI ˆ`Gki ‰KZv iÞvi RbÅ ˆKvGbv eÅeÕ©v ˆbbwb| wgiRvdi wek¼vmNvZKZv
bv KiGj wZwb cjvwki hGy «¬ civwRZ nGZb bv| wK¯§ cjvwki hyG«¬ civRGqi ciI wZwb ivRavbxGK iÞv KiGZ ˆkl ˆPÓ¡v
KGib| ‰GZ wmivRDGóŒjv PwiGò AK‡wòg ˆ`kGcÉGgi cwiPq ˆgGj|
DóxcGK ejv nGqGQ, ‘bZzb `myÅ AvGm hw` ˆ`k ˆ`e bv ZvGi|’ eÕ§Z ‰ eÚGeÅ ˆ`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv mveÆGfŒgZ½ iÞvi `†pcÉZÅq eÅÚ
Kiv nGqGQ| ‰B cÉZÅGqi gvGS wbwnZ AvGQ AK‡wòg ˆ`kGcÉg| ZvB euvGki ˆKÍÏv, duvwmi gç, «¼xcv¯¦Gi evOvwji iÚ SiGjI
ZvG`i nvo K’Lvbv wbGq cwÉ ZGiva MGo ZzjGZ ˆPGqGQ Zviv|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK ‰es DóxcGKi NUbveGZÆ ˆ`kGcÉGgi Dä¾j `†Ó¡v¯¦ DcÕ©vwcZ nGqGQ| DfqGÞGòB weG`wk kò‚i nvZ ˆ^GK
ˆ`kGK iÞv Kivi AvcÉvY ˆPÓ¡v PvjvGbv nGqGQ| nqGZv ˆm ˆPÓ¡vq mv^ÆKZv AvGmwb, ZGe wmivRDGóŒjv ˆhgb cjvwk cÉvãGY ˆnGi
wMGqI ivRavbx iÞvi ˆkl ˆPÓ¡v Pvjvb, ˆZgwb DóxcGK bZzb ˆKvGbv `myÅ ‰Gj ZvGK cÉwZnZ Kivi `†pcÉZÅq eÅÚ nGqGQ| ZvB ejv
hvq, ‘bZzb `myÅ AvGm hw` ˆ`k ˆ`e bv ZvGi’ eÚGeÅ ˆh ˆ`kGcÉGgi cwiPq AvGQ Zv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKI mgfvGe DcÕ©vwcZ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK ‰es DóxcGKi NUbveGZÆ ˆ`kGcÉGgi Dä¾j `†Ó¡v¯¦ DcÕ©vwcZ nGqGQ| DfqGÞGòB weG`wk
kò‚i nvZ ˆ^GK ˆ`kGK iÞv Kivi AvcÉvY ˆPÓ¡v PvjvGbv nGqGQ|
4
cÉk² 4 m¯¦vbZzjÅ QvMwk÷GK Kvjx ˆ`exi gw±`Gi ewj ˆ`Iqvq ˆkvKvZÆ AcYÆv ivRvi KvGQ wePvicÉv^Æx nq| m¯¦vbnviv
wfLvwiYxi `ytL ivRvGK ggÆvnZ KGi| wZwb ivGRÅ c÷ ewj e®¬ KGi ˆ`b| wK¯§ ivRvi ‰ AvG`k ˆgGb wbGZ cvGi bv
ivRcyGivwnZ iNcy wZ| ˆcŒiwnGZÅi `vwÁ¿KZv wbGq weG`Ëvn ˆNvlYv KGib wZwb| ivRvi AbyR bÞò ivqGK ivRÅGjvGf ek KGi
ivRvGK nZÅv KiGZ ivwR Kivb| ivRv nevi ÕG¼ µ² weGfvi bÞò ivqI iÚmÁ·KÆ övZ‡GcÉg fzGj wMGq ivRvGK nZÅvi lohG¯¨ ˆgGZ
IGV| [Kz. ˆev. 16]
K. cjvwki hy«¬ KZ mvGj msNwUZ nq? 1
L. “weËwUk wmsn fGq ˆjR àwUGq wbGjb, ‰ eo jävi K^v|”@ ˆK, ˆKb eGjGQ? 2
M. DóxcGKi iNycwZi mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BsGiRG`i mv`†kÅ ˆ`LvI| 3
N. “DóxcGKi bÞò ivGqi gGZv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi NGmwU ˆeMgI ÞgZvGjvfx|”@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
4 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K cjvwki hy«¬ 1757 mvGj msNwUZ nq|
L ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg `yGMÆ beve wmivRDGóŒjvi AvKÌgGYi gyGL BsGiRiv cvwjGq hvIqvq cÉGkv² Ú g¯¦eÅwU Kiv nGqGQ|
1706 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg `yGMÆ BsGiRiv bevGei webv AbygwZGZ mvgwiK kwÚ e†w«¬ KGi| ZvB beve IB `yMÆ AvKÌgY
KGib| BsGiR ŠmbÅiv bevGei ŠmbÅG`i AvKÌgGYi gyGL w`Gknviv nGq coGj KÅvG¶Ÿb wgbwPb, KvDw´Öjvi dvKjÅv´£ I gÅvwbsnvg
ˆbŒKvGhvGM `yMÆ ˆ^GK cvwjGq AvñiÞv KGib| ˆkl chÆvGq KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆKÑUbI MfbÆi ˆWÈGKi mvG^ civgGkÆi bvg KGi AvñiÞvG^Æ me
cÉwZæv fzGj `yMÆ ˆ^GK cvwjGq hvb| ZvB eÅãvG^Æ cÉGk²vÚ K^vwU ejv nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK beve ŠmbÅG`i AvKÌgGY BsGiRiv ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg `yMÆ ˆ^GK cvwjGq AvñiÞv KGib| ZvB
cÉGk²vÚ K^vwU ejv nGqGQ|
M loh¯¨ KGi, ivRvi mnGhvMxGK cÉGjvfb ˆ`wLGq weG`Ëvnx KGi ˆZvjvi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi iNycwZi mGã ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’
bvUGKi BsGiRG`i mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK BsGiRiv eÅemvi bvGg evsjvi gvbylGK ˆkvlY Kiv ÷i‚ KGi| beve wmivRDGóŒjv ‰i cÉwZweavb KiGZ ˆPÓ¡v
KGib| BsGiRiv KvGR evav ˆcGq beveGKB ÞgZv ˆ^GK AcmviGYi ˆPÓ¡v Pvjvq| Zviv bevGei mnGhvMx I Avñxq wgiRvdi, NGmwU
ˆeMg, RMrGkV, ivq`yjÆfGK cÉGjvfb ˆ`wLGq nvZ KGi ˆbq| dGj BsGiR I wgiRvdiG`i ˆhŒ^ lohG¯¨ bevGei civRq NGU|
‰gbwK jWÆ KÑvBGfi wbG`ÆGk wgiGbi mnGhvwMZvq ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM beveGK nZÅv KGi|
DóxcGKi iNycwZ BsGiRG`i gGZv ‰KB iKg PwiGòi AwaKvix| iNycwZ ivRcyGivwnZ nGqI c÷ewj e®¬ Kiv msKÌv¯¦ ivRvi AvG`k
ˆgGb wbGZ cvGibwb| ˆcŒiwnGZÅi `vwÁ¿KZv wbGq weG`Ëvn ˆNvlYv KGib wZwb; ˆhgb weG`Ëvn ˆNvlYv KGiwQj beve wmivRDGóŒjvi wKQy
clÆ`mn BsGiRiv| DóxcGK iNycwZ ivRvi AbyR bÞò ivqGK ivRÅGjvGf ek KGi ivRvGK nZÅv KiGZ ivwR Kivb| wVK ‰gwbfvGe
BsGiRiv wgiRvdiGK ivRÅGjvGf ek KGiwQj| ‰KB iKg PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å ^vKvq iNycwZi mGã BsGiRiv mv`†kÅcƒYÆ nGq DGVGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi iNycwZ BsGiRG`i gGZv ‰KB iKg N†YÅ PwiGòi AwaKvix| DóxcGK ivRvi AbyR bÞò ivqGK iNycwZ
ivRÅGjvGf ek KGi ivRvGK nZÅv KiGZ ivwR Kivb| wVK ‰gwbfvGe BsGiRiv wgiRvdiGK ivRÅGjvGf ek KGiwQj|
N ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉGk² DGÍÏwLZ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK NGmwU ˆeMg ‰KRb wek¼vmNvZK, Õ¼v^Æci, ˆjvfx bvix Pwiò| AG^Æi cÉGjvfGb whwb wbGRi cyòmg
wmivRDGóŒjvi ÞwZ KiGZ wcQcv nbwb| wbGRi ˆevGbi ˆQGji wei‚G«¬ lohG¯¨ BsGiR, wgiRvdi, RMrGkV cÉgyGLi mGã nvZ
wgwjGqGQb| memgq gGbcÉvGY wmivGRi a»sm Kvgbv KGiGQb wZwb|
DóxcGKi bÞò ivq NGmwU ˆeMGgi gGZv Õ¼v^vÆ ®¬, ˆjvfx ‰es wek¼vmNvZK Pwiò| ivRvi Avcb fvB nIqv mGî½I wZwb iNycwZi
ˆ`LvGbv ivRÅjvGfi cÉGjvfGb fzGjGQb| NGmwU ˆeMgI fzGjwQGjb AG^Æi cÉGjvfGb| dGj ivRv nIqvi Õ¼Gµ² weGfvi bÞò ivqI
mÁ·KÆ övZ‡GcÉg fzGj wMGq ivRvGK nZÅvi lohG¯¨ ˆgGZ IGVb|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcK DfqGÞGò NGmwU ˆeMg I bÞò ivq DfGqB Õ¼v^Æv®¬, ˆjvfx ‰es wek¼vmNvZK| `yRbB wbGRi
ˆjvGfi cÉGjvfGb g™²| Avevi wbGRi myweavi RbÅ Zuviv ‰Kv¯¦ AvcbRbGK nZÅv KiGZI wcQcv bb| ZuvG`i ‰B Õ¼v^Æv®¬ KcU
gvbwmKZvi wbwiGL DóxcGKi bÞò ivGqi gGZv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi NGmwU ˆeMgI ÞgZvGjvfx|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcK DfqGÞGò NGmwU ˆeMg I bÞò ivq DfGqB Õ¼v^Æv®¬, ˆjvfx ‰es wek¼vmNvZK| wbGRi
myweavi RbÅ Zuviv ‰Kv¯¦ AvcbRbGK nZÅv KiGZI wcQcv bb| ZvG`i ‰B Õ¼v^Æv®¬ KcU gvbwmKZvi wbwiGL@ cÉGk²vÚ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
5
cÉk²5 XvKv ˆRjvi wbPz ‰jvKvi Rjvf„wgàGjv f„wg`myÅG`i KeGj cGo KÌgvMZ wbwøn× nGq hvGœQ| w`Gbi ci w`b gvwU ˆdGj
fivU Kiv nGœQ Hme Rjvkq| dGj XvKvi cÉvK‡wZK ˆmŒ±`hÆ ˆhgb jyµ¦ nGœQ, ˆZgwb bÓ¡ nGœQ cwiGeGki fvimvgÅ| mGPZb bvMwiK
mgvR ˆRvivGjv cÉwZev` RvwbGq AvmGQ `xNÆw`b aGi| gvbee®¬b, AeÕ©vb agÆNUmn bvbv KgÆmƒwP cvjb KGiGQ Zviv| wK¯§
f„wg`myÅG`i ZrciZv e®¬ nq bv wKQyGZB| [Kz. ˆev. 16]
K. KjKvZv ˆ^GK Zvov ˆLGq ˆWÈK `jejmn ˆKvb RvnvGR AvkÉq MnÉ Y KGi? 1
L. “mevB wgGj Avgiv evsjvGK wewKÌ KGi w`wœQ bv ˆZv?”@ DwÚwU ˆK, ˆKb KGiGQ? 2
M. DóxcGKi mGPZb bvMwiK mgvGRi mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wmivRDGóŒjvi mv`†kÅ ˆ`LvI| 3
N. “ˆcÉÞvcU wf®² nGjI DóxcGKi f„wg`myÅG`i ‰es ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BsGiRG`i gGbvfve ‰K I Awf®²|”@
weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
5 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K KjKvZv ˆ^GK Zvov ˆLGq MfbÆi ˆWÈK `jejmn ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg RvnvGR AvkÉq MnÉ Y KGib|
L KÑvBGfi `wjGj Õ¼vÞi w`GZ wMGq wgiRvdi wbGRi gGbi kâv cÉKvk KGi ‰ K^v eGjwQj|
bevGei wei‚G«¬ lohG¯¨ BsGiRG`i mGã nvZ ˆgjvq wgiRvdimn bevGei cvwil`eGMÆi ˆek KGqKRb| lohG¯¨i RbÅ wbGRG`i
gGaÅ mgGSvZvi `wjj ŠZwi KGib jWÆ KÑvBf| KÑvBf ‰ `wjGj mB KiGZ ejGj wgiRvdi Dw«¼™² nq| Zvi gGb nq, wbGRG`i
Õ¼vG^Æi RbÅ ˆ`Gki P„ov¯¦ ÞwZ mvab KiGQ bv ˆZv Zviv? cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwUGZ wgiRvdGii ˆm AvkâvB dzGU DGVGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: KÑvBGfi `wjGj Õ¼vÞi w`GZ wMGq BZÕ¦Z wgiRvdi wbGRi gGbi kâv cÉKvk KGi cÉGk²vÚ K^v eGjwQj|
M ˆ`Gki cÉwZ fvGjvevmv ‰es A‹ea `Lj`vwiGZ½i weGivwaZvi ˆÞGò DóxcGKi mGPZb bvMwiK mgvGRi mGã ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’
bvUGKi wmivRDGóŒjv PwiGòi mv`†kÅ we`Ågvb|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv ‰KRb cÉK‡Z ˆ`kGcÉgx ˆbZv| wZwb ˆ`Gki gvbyGli RbÅ memgq fveGZb| wZwb ˆ`Gki
gvbyGli fvGjvi RbÅ wbijm ˆPÓ¡v KGi ˆMGQb| Zuvi kvmbvgGj BsGiRiv eÅemvi bvGg ‰G`kxq gvbyGli Ici ˆkvlY kyi‚ KGi|
wmivRDGóŒjv ‰B ˆkvlGYi weGivwaZv KGib| wZwb ˆ`k ˆ^GK BsGiRG`i DrLvZ KiGZ ˆPÓ¡v KGib| wK¯§ ‰G`kxq wKQy loh¯¨Kvixi
KviGY Zv KiGZ wZwb evievi eÅ^Æ nb|
DóxcGKi mGPZb bvMwiK mgvGRi evÕe¦ Zv AGbKUv ‰KB iKg| XvKv ˆRjvi wbPz ‰jvKvi Rjvf„wgàGjv f„wg`myÅG`i KeGj cGo
KÌgvMZ wbwøn× nGq hvGœQ| mGPZb bvMwiK mgvR ˆRvivGjv cÉwZev` RvwbGq AvmGQ `xNÆw`b ˆ^GK| wK¯§ ZvivI wmivRDGóŒjvi gGZv
evievi eÅ^Æ nGœQ| wKQyGZB e®¬ nGœQ bv f„wg`myÅG`i ZrciZv| eÕZ§ mGPZb bvMwiK ˆh KvR KiGQ Zv Õ¼G`kGcÉGg DäxweZ nGqB
KiGQ| ‰gb Õ¼G`kGcÉGgi cwiPq ˆgGj beve wmivRDGóŒjv PwiGò| Avi ‰ w`K ˆ^GKB DóxcGKi mGPZb bvMwiK mgvGRi mGã
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv PwiòwU mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ˆ`Gki cÉwZ fvGjvevmv ‰es A‹ea `Lj`viGZ½i weGivwaZvi ˆÞGò DóxcGKi mGPZb bvMwiK mgvGRi mGã
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv PwiGòi mv`†kÅ we`Ågvb|
N ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BsGiR ‰es DóxcGKi f„wg`myÅ DfGqB `Lj`vwi gvbwmKZvmÁ·®²; hw`I DóxcK ‰es ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’
bvUGKi cwiwÕ©wZ wf®²|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆcÉÞvcGU AvGQ 1757 mvGji cjvwki hy«¬ ‰es ˆmB h«y ¬GK wNGi MGo IVv ivRbxwZ| BsGiRiv ‰LvGb
wbcyY loh¯¨Kvix| beve wmivRDGóŒjv ZvG`i eÅemvi bvGg PvjvGbv jy¥¤b ˆkvlYGK e®¬ KiGZ Pvb| AbÅw`GK, BsGiRiv Pvq
evsjvi kvmbÞgZv wbGRG`i KivqGî AvbGZ| eÕ§Z Zviv `Lj`vwi gvbwmKZvi AwaKvix|
DóxcGKi f„wg`myÅivI `Lj`vwi gvbwmKZvi AwaKvix| ZGe DóxcGKi ˆcÉÞvcU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK ˆ^GK wf®²| ‰LvGb
ivRbxwZ gyLÅ bq, gyLÅ f„wg `Lj| ‰RbÅ ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, XvKv ˆRjvi wbPz ‰jvKvi Rjvf„wgàGjv f„wg`myÅG`i KeGj cGo KÌgvMZ
wbwøn× nGq hvGœQ| ZeyI ˆKvGbvfvGe ‰me `Lj`viG`i ^vgvGbv hvGœQ bv|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆcÉÞvcU ˆ`k `Lj Avi DóxcGKi ˆcÉÞvcU f„wg `Lj| ‰ KvR `ywUGZ h^vKÌGg wjµ¦ BsGiR I f„wg`myÅiv|
ˆcÉÞvcGUi wf®²Zv mGî½I BsGiR I f„wg`myÅiv A‹ea `Lj`vwii gvbwmKZvi w`K ˆ^GK mv`†kÅcƒYÆ| ‰iv mevB Õ¼v^Æv®¬ ‰es K„U
PwiGòi AwaKvix| ZvB ˆcÉÞvcU wf®² nGjI DóxcGKi f„wg`myÅG`i ‰es ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BsGiRG`i gGbvfve ‰K I Awf®²|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆcÉÞvcU ˆ`k `Lj Avi DóxcGKi ˆcÉÞvcU f„wg `Lj| ˆcÉÞvcGUi wf®Z² v mGîI½ BsGiR I
f„wg`myÅiv A‹ea `Lj`vwii gvbwmKZvi w`K ˆ^GK mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
6
cÉk² 6 gaygZx b`xGZ ˆRGM DGVGQ PvG±`i Pi| cwjgq DeÆi ˆm f„wg| ˆ`LGj ˆh KvGiviB ˆPvL UvUvq| g¯§ wgqvI ‰i evBGi
bq| wK¯§ ‰jvKvi cÉej cÉZvckvjx Rwg`vGii mGã joGe ˆK? g¯§ wgqv ZvB ˆMvcGb nvZ ˆgjvq Rwg`vGii ævwZ fvB MRbex
ˆPŒayixi mGã| Zvi mnvqZvq g¯§ wgqv ‰es Zvi jvwVqvj evwnbx PiwU `Lj KGi ˆbq| ‰evi g¯§ wgqvi bZzb PGii `vwqZ½ ˆbIqvi
cvjv| ˆm MRbex ˆPŒayixi DcwÕ©wZ I ˆ`vqv Qvov PvG±`i PGii `vwqZ½ MÉnY KiGZ AcviMZv cÉKvk KGi| ‰fvGeB b`xi eyGK
ˆRGM IVv bZzb Pi wPiKvGji RbÅ Rwg`vGii nvZQvov nGq hvq| [h. ˆev.; wm. ˆev. 16]
K. wmivRDGóŒjvi k¼÷Gii bvg Kx? 1
L. “Avgvi bvwjk AvR Avgvi wbGRi wei‚G«¬|”@ eywSGq `vI| 2
M. DóxcGKi g¯§ wgqvi mGã ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi PwiGòi Zjz bv KGiv| 3
N. “DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆe`bven cwiYwZi LíwPò|”@ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
6 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K beve wmivRDGóŒjvi k¼÷Gii bvg gynÁÃ` B`wiP Luv|
L cÉRvG`i `yGfvÆ GMi RbÅ AbÅ KvDGK ˆ`vlvGivc bv KGi Avñ™Ïvwb cÉKvk KiGZ wMGq beve wmivRDGóŒjv ‰K^v eGjGQb|
DrcxwoZ eÅwÚGK `ievGi WvKvi cƒGeÆ beve Zuvi cvwil`G`i ˆWGK ZuvG`i wbR wbR `vwqZ½ cybivq ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`b| ‰GZ Am¯§Ó¡
nGq wgiRvdi beveGK cÉk² KGi, wZwb ZvG`i mG±`n KiGQb wK bv? wK¯§ beve ˆKvGbv AwfGhvM RvbvGZ Pvb bv| evsjvi cÉRvG`i
myL-Õ¼vœQ±`Å weavb bv KiGZ cvivq wbGRGKB Acivax AvLÅv ˆ`b wZwb| Avi ‰ cÉmGãB wZwb wbGRi wei‚G«¬ bvwjGki K^v eGjb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: cÉRvG`i myL-Õ¼vœQ±`Å weavb KiGZ bv cvivi AbyGkvPbvq beve wmivRDGóŒjv cÉGk²vÚ g¯¦eÅwU KGi nZvkv cÉKvk KGib|
M PKÌv¯¦ KGi KZ‡ÆZ½ jvGfi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi g¯§ wgqv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi PwiòwUi mGã Zzjbxq|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi ‰KRb KcU I DœPvKv›Þx eÅwÚ| wmivRDGóŒjvi ˆmbvcwZ nIqv mGî½I Zuvi AvMÉn wmsnvmGb
emv| wK¯§ BsGiRG`i mnGhvwMZv Qvov Zv mÁe¿ bq| ‰KviGY wZwb BsGiRG`i mGã nvZ wgwjGq bevGei wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGib| dGj
wgiRvdGii KgÆKvGí eÕ§Z Õ¼v^ÆciZv, KcUZv I wek¼vmNvZKZvB wPwn×Z nq|
DóxcGKi g¯§ wgqv gaygZx b`xGZ ˆRGM IVv PvG±`i Pi `Lj KiGZ Pvq| Zvi cG^i evav Rwg`vi| ‰ KviGY wgiRvdi ˆhgb loh¯¨
I wek¼vmNvZKZvi c^ ˆeGQ ˆbb, ˆZgwb g¯§ wgqvI wek¼vmNvZKZvi c^ ˆeGQ ˆbq| Rwg`vGii fvB MRbex ˆPŒayixi mGã loh¯¨ KGi
ˆm PiwU `Lj KGi ˆbq| PGii `vwqZ½ MÉnGYi ˆÞGòI g¯§ wgqv wgiRvdGii gGZv bvUKxqZvi AvkÉq ˆbq| ˆm MRbex ˆPŒayixi
DcwÕ©wZ I ˆ`vqv Qvov PvG±`i PGii `vwqZ½ MÉnY KiGZ AcviMZv cÉKvk KGi| A^Ævr wgiRvdGii gGZv g¯§ wgqvI ‰KRb Õ¼v^Æci,
wek¼vmNvZK I KcU eÅwÚ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi BsGiGRi mGã loh¯¨ KGi hyG«¬ bevGei civRq wbwøZ KGib| Avevi wmsnvmGb
AwfGlGKi w`b KÑvBGfi DcwÕ©wZ Qvov wmsnvmGbi `vwqZ½ MÉnGY AcviMZv cÉKvk KGib| PGii `vwqZ½ MÉnGYi ˆÞGòI g¯§ wgqv
wgiRvdGii gGZv bvUKxqZvi AvkÉq ˆbq|
N DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mgMÉ wPòGK cÉKvk KGi bv; ‰wU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆe`bven cwiYwZi LíwPò gvò|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUKwU 1757 mvGji cjvwki hyG«¬i cUf„wgGZ iwPZ| ‰ bvUGK KxfvGe mnGhvMxG`i wek¼vmNvZKZvi KviGY beve
wmivRDGóŒjv civwRZ nb Zv ewYÆZ nGqGQ| civwRZ beveGK KvivMvGi ew±` AeÕ©vq b†ksmfvGe nZÅv Kivi KvwnwbI wPwòZ nGqGQ
‰ bvUGK|
DóxcGKi g¯§ wgqv ‰K KcU I wek¼vmNvZK Pwiò| ˆm gaygZx b`xGZ ˆRGM IVv PvG±`i Pi `Lj Kivi RbÅ Rwg`vGii mvG^
wek¼vmNvZKZv KGi| bvUGKI bevGei mvG^ Zuvi AgvZÅ I AvcbRbG`i wek¼vmNvZKZvi wPò dzGU DGVGQ| bvUKwUGZ wgiRvdi,
NGmwU ˆeMg, RMrGkVG`i loh¯¨ ‰es BsGiRG`i myGhvMm®¬vbx gvbwmKZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| dGj bevGei g†ZzÅ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’
bvUGKi gyLÅ welq bq| bvUKwU eÕ§Z ‰KwU HwZnvwmK NUbvi Škw͸K AvLÅvb| wK¯§ DóxcGKi cUf„wg ‰Z weÕ‡¦Z bq| KvwnwbGZ
NUbvwPò Lye ˆewk bq| MÉvgxY ‰KRb gvbyl KxfvGe loh¯¨ KGi Pi `Lj KGi wbj, DóxcGK ZvB cÉavb weGePÅ| hw`I wgiRvdi I
g¯§ wgqv PvwiwòK w`K ˆ^GK ‰KB iKg|
DchÆyÚ AvGjvPbvq Avgiv ˆ`Ljvg, ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK ˆhLvGb ‰KUv weÕ¦‡Z cUf„wg iGqGQ ˆmLvGb g¯§ wgqvi KvwnwbGZ ˆZgb
weÕ‡¦Z welq A¯f¦ zÆÚ nqwb| wek¼vmNvZKZv, Õ¼v^ÆciZv I KcUZvi wPò ^vKv mGî½I DóxcKwU ZvB ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ‰KwU
LwíZ w`KGK DG¯ÃvPb KGi| mvweÆK w`K weGePbvq ZvB ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ejv hvq, cÉGk² DwÍÏwLZ g¯e¦ ÅwU
h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUKwU eÕZ§ ‰KwU HwZnvwmK NUbvi Škw͸K AvLÅvb| wK¯§ DóxcGKi cUf„wg ‰Z weÕ‡¦Z bq|
wek¼vmNvZKZv, Õ¼v^ÆciZv I KcUZvi wPò ^vKv mGî½I DóxcKwU ZvB ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ‰KwU LwíZ w`KGK DG¯ÃvPb KGi|
7
cÉk²7 1971 mvGji 25 gvPÆ, cvwKÕ¦vwb evwnbx MYnZÅv ÷i‚ KiGj Awemsevw`Z ˆbZv eãe®¬y ˆkL gywReyi ingvb 26 gvPÆ cÉ^g
cÉnGi Õ¼vaxbZvi ˆNvlYv ˆ`b| ÷i‚ nq gywÚhy«¬| ZLb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvGeK MfbÆi ˆgvbvGqg Luv evOvwj nGqI Õ¼G`k I Õ¼RvwZi mvG^
wek¼vmNvZKZv KGib| Zvi mvG^ bvbv AcZrciZvq hyÚ nq ‰ ˆ`Gki wKQy `vjvj-ˆ`vmi| ˆgvbvGqg Luv I Zvi mnGhvMx KzjvãviG`i
cÉZÅÞ I cGivÞ mnGhvwMZvq nvbv`vi evwnbx jvL jvL ˆ`kGcÉwgK evOvwjGK nZÅv KGi| [P. ˆev. 16]
K. ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK KqwU Aâ iGqGQ? 1
L. divwmiv WvKvZ Avi BsGiRiv AwZkq mäb eÅwÚ, ˆKgb?@DwÚwUGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
M. DóxcGKi ˆgvbvGqg Luv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ‰KwU ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ PwiGòi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q| PwiòwU Kvi ‰es
ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. Zzwg wK gGb KGiv DóxcGK ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi welqeÕ§i cÉwZdjb NGUGQ? hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
7 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK PviwU Aâ iGqGQ|
L divwmiv Avi BsGiRiv ‰G`Gk ‰GmGQ gƒjZ evwYRÅ Kivi bvGg Aeva jy¥¤b KiGZ, ˆKD mäb eÅwÚ bb, ZvG`i jÞÅ
Awf®², wmivRDGóŒjv ‰K^vB ˆevSvGZ ˆPGqGQb|
BsGiRiv beve wmivRDGóŒjvi wbGla mGî½I ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg `yGMÆi wbgÆvY KvR PvwjGq hvq| BsGiRG`i ‰B wbqg ewnfƃZ KgÆKvGí
Þzº¬ nGq beve ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg `yMÆ `Lj KGi ˆbb ‰es IqvUm I njIGqjGK ew±` KGib| ew±`G`i KvGQ bevGei wbG`Æk AgvGbÅi
KviY RvbGZ PvBGj njIGqj Rvbvq, Zviv divwmG`i KvQ ˆ^GK AvñiÞvi RbÅ `yMÆ wbgÆvY KiwQj| njIGqGji ‰ K^vi ˆcÉwÞGZ
beve KUvÞ KGi cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwU KGiGQb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: divwmiv Avi BsGiRiv ‰G`Gk ‰GmGQ gƒjZ evwYRÅ Kivi bvGg Aeva jy¥¤b KiGZ, ˆKD mäb eÅwÚ bb, ZvG`i jÞÅ
Awf®², wmivRDGóŒjv ‰K^vB ˆevSvGZ ˆPGqGQb|
M ˆ`kG`Ëvn I wek¼vmNvZKZvi KviGY DóxcGKi ˆgvbvGqg Luv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi PwiGòi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wgiRvdi wbGRi Õ¼v^Æ nvwmGji RGbÅ ˆ`kG`Ëvnx KvR KGi| ˆm I Zvi AbyMZ wKQy ˆjvK Õ¼vG^Æi RbÅ
BsGiRG`i mvG^ nvZ ˆgjvq| Zviv beve wmivRDGóŒjvi mvG^ wek¼vmNvZKZv KGi cjvwki hGy «¬ wbwÓ˜q ^vGK| dGj bevGei
civRGqi gaÅ w`Gq ˆ`k BsGiR kvmbvaxb nq|
DóxcGKi ˆgvbvGqg Luv evOvwj nGqI ˆ`Gki gvbyGli wei‚G«¬ ˆh KvR KGiGQb Zv ˆ`kG`ËvwnZvgƒjK| eãe®¬y Õ¼vaxbZv ˆNvlYv Kiv
mGî½I Õ¼G`k I Õ¼RvwZi mvG^ wek¼vmNvZKZv KGib| Zuvi mvG^ bvbv AcZrciZvq hÚy nq ‰G`Gki wKQy `vjvj ˆ`vmi| ˆgvbvGqg
Luvi gGZv ˆ`kG`ËvnxG`i cÉZÅÞ I cGivÞ mnGhvwMZvq nvbv`vi evwnbx AmsLÅ ˆ`kGcgÉ x evOvwjGK nZÅv KGi| A^Ævr ˆgvbvGqg LuvI
wgiRvdGii gGZv ˆ`k I RvwZi mGã wek¼vmNvZKZv KGiGQb| wZwb wgiRvdGii gGZv ˆ`kG`Ëvnxi cwiPq w`Gq evOvwj nGqI
evOvwj wbaGb mnGhvwMZv KGiGQb| ‰ KviGYB ˆgvbvGqg Luv PwiòwU wgiRvdi PwiòwUGK gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ Õ¼v^Æv®¬ wgiRvdi I ˆgvbvGqg Luv ˆ`Gki wecGÞ weG`wk `Lj`viG`i mvG^ AvZuvZ KGi ˆ`k I ˆ`Gki gvbyGli mGã
wek¼vmNvZKZv KGiGQb| ‰ KviGYB DóxcGKi ˆgvbvGqg Luv PwiòwU wgiRvdi PwiòwUGK gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
N nuÅv, Avwg gGb Kwi DóxcGK ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi welqeÕ§i AvswkK cÉwZdjb NGUGQ|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ ‰KwU HwZnvwmK bvUK| 1757 mvGji cjvwk hyG«¬i cUf„wgGZ ˆjLv ‰ bvUGKi ‰Kw`GK AvGQ ˆ`kGcÉg,
AbÅw`GK AvGQ loh¯¨, ˆ`kG`ËvwnZv, wek¼vmNvZKZv| wmivRDGóŒjv ˆ`Gki cÉwZ, ˆ`Gki RbMGYi cÉwZ ˆh ggZ½Geva ˆ`wLGqGQb
Zv Abe`Å| ZGe bvUGK weËwUk ˆewbqvG`i ‰G`Gki kvmbÞgZv MÉnY ‰ bvUGKi ‰K ài‚Zc½ ƒYÆ cÉmã| mGã AvGQ wgiRvdi,
RMrGkV, ivq`yjÆf, DwgPuv`, NGmwU ˆeMGgi Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx I ˆ`kG`Ëvnx AvPiY|
DóxcGK ‰Kw`GK AvGQ ˆ`kGcÉg AbÅw`GK AvGQ ˆ`kG`Ëvn I wek¼vmNvZKZv| eãe®¬yi Õ¼vaxbZv ˆNvlYvi gvGS Zuvi cÉej
ˆ`kGcÉGgi cwiPq ˆgGj| AbÅw`GK ˆgvbvGqg Luv evOvwj nGqI Õ¼G`k I Õ¼RvwZi mGã wek¼vmNvZKZv KGib| Zvi ‰ N†YÅ
AvPiGYi `i‚b ‰G`Gki AmsLÅ gvbylGK `yGfÆvM ˆcvnvGZ nq|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcGKi AvGjvPbvq Avgiv ˆ`Ljvg, DfqGÞGò ˆ`kGcÉGgi mGã ˆ`kG`ËvwnZv I wek¼vmNvZKZvi «¼±«¼
ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| wK¯§ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK lohG¯¨i i…cGiLv ‰es cjvwk hGy «¬i ˆh weÕ¦‡Z eYÆbv AvGQ, DóxcGK mswÞµ¦
cwimGi ˆZgbwU mÁ¿e nqwb| hw`I DóxcGKi NUbveGZÆi gGaÅ gƒj welqeÕ§i AvswkK cÉwZdjb NGUGQ wbtmG±`Gn|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcK ‰es ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK ˆ`kGcÉGgi mGã ˆ`kG`ËvwnZv I wek¼vmNvZKZvi «¼±«¼ ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| hw`I
DóxcGKi NUbveGZÆi gGaÅ gƒj welqeÕ§i AvswkK cÉwZdjb NGUGQ gvò|
8
cÉk²8 1971 mvGj evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv hyG«¬i mgq ‰ ˆ`Gki wKQy Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gvbyl cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi mvG^ ˆhvM w`Gq ˆ`Gki
cÉPzi ÞqÞwZ KGiGQ| ZvG`i ‰KRb ˆmvenvb gy´Öx| gvbeZvweGivax AcivGa Zvi wei‚G«¬ gvgjv nq| gvgjvi mvÞx `wei eGjb, ‰B
ˆmvenvb gy´ÖxB cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxGK ZvG`i MÉvGg AvGb ‰es ˆm Zvi fvBGK àwj KGi nZÅv KGi| [e. ˆev. 16]
K. wmivRDGóŒjvi nZÅvKvixi bvg Kx? 1
L. “NGii ˆjvK Awek¼vmx nGj evBGii ˆjvGKi cGÞ meB mÁ¿e|”@ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
M. DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆKvb PwiGòi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ?@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. “DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi Pwiò ˆhb ‰KB mƒGò Mvu ^v”@ DwÚwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4
8 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K wmivRDGóŒjvi nZÅvKvixi bvg ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM|
L cÉGkv² Ú g¯¦eÅwU «¼viv beve wmivRDGóŒjvi AgvZÅeGMÆi wek¼vmNvZKZvi w`KwU ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
BsGiRG`i mGã hGy «¬ ivR AgvZÅMY beve wmivRDGóŒjvi KZZ‡Æ ½ iÞvq Rxeb DrmMÆ KiGeb eGj cweò Mɯ© wbGq kc^
KGiwQGjb| wK¯§ beveGK civwRZ KiGZ ˆMvcGb AGbGKB loh¯¨ KGiwQGjb BsGiRG`i mvG^, hv ZvG`i KgÆKvGí cÉKvk
ˆcGqGQ| AgvZÅeGMÆi ‰B wek¼vmNvZKZvi w`KwU cÉGkv² Ú g¯¦GeÅ cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: NGii ˆjvK wek¼vmNvZKZv KiGj evBGii gvbyl mnGRB ZvG`i nxbÕ¼v^Æ PwiZv^Æ KiGZ cvGi| ‰ welqwU ˆevSvGZ cÉGkv² Ú
g¯¦eÅwU Kiv nGqGQ|
M ŠewkÓ¡ÅMZ w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi PwiòwUi mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wgiRvdi wek¼vmNvZK, Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx, ˆ`kG`Ëvnx I KcU PwiGòi AwaKvix| bevGei wmcvnmvjvi nIqv mGî½I ˆm
memgq bevGei cZb cÉZÅvkv KGiGQ| ‰ KviGY ˆm BsGiRG`i mGã lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nGq bevGei P„ov¯¦ civRq wbwøZ KGiGQ| ‰GZ
wgiRvdGii ˆ`kG`Ëvnx ŠewkGÓ¡Åi cwiPq ˆgGj| bevGei wek¼vGmi gƒjÅ ˆm ˆ`qwb| ˆKviAvb QuyGq cÉwZæv KGiI ˆm K^v bv ˆiGL P„ov¯¦
KcUZvi cwiPq w`GqGQ| ‰gbwK huvi AaxGb ˆm ˆmbvevwnbxi cÉavb wQj ˆmB beve wmivRDGóŒjvGKB ew±` KGiGQ|
DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdGii gGZvB ˆ`kG`Ëvnx, wek¼vmNvZK ‰es Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx eÅwÚGZ½i AwaKvix|
cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi mvG^ ˆhvM w`Gq ˆm ˆ`Gki cÉPzi ÞqÞwZ KGiGQ| gvbeZvweGivax AcivGaI ˆm hÚy | Zvi gvgjvi mvÞx
`weGii `vwe Abyhvqx Avgiv Zvi AcKgÆ mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cvwi| ‰B ˆmvenvb gy´ÖxB cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxGK ZuvG`i MÉvGg AvGb ‰es
`weGii fvBGK àwj KGi nZÅv KGi| eÕ§Z ŠewkÓ¡ÅMZ w`K ˆ^GK ˆmvnevb gy´Öx ˆhb wgiRvdGiiB cÉwZweÁ¼| ˆmw`K weGePbvq
DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdGii mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wgiRvdGii gGZv wek¼vmNvZK Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx ˆ`kG`Ëvnx, KcU I AvñNvZx DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx
PwiòwU| ‰me w`K weGePbvq DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdGii mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
N ˆ`kG`Ëvn, wek¼vmNvZKZv, Õ¼v^ÆciZv ‰es gvbeZvweGivax KgÆKvGíi cwiGcÉwÞGZ wgiRvdi ‰es DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx
‰KB mƒGò Mvu ^v|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wgiRvdGii KgÆKví ˆ^GK Avgiv ZvGK ˆ`kG`Ëvnx, wek¼vmNvZK, Õ¼v^Æci eÅwÚ wnGmGe wPwn×Z KiGZ cvwi|
wbGRi Õ¼vG^Æi RbÅ ˆm ˆ`kevmx I bevGei mGã wek¼vmNvZKZv KGiGQ| ˆ`kG`Ëvnx wgiRvdi BsGiRG`i mGã nvZ wgwjGqGQ|
cjvwki hGy «¬ ZviB wek¼vmNvZKZvi KviGY evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZvi mƒhÆ AÕ¦wgZ nq| Zvi ‰B KgÆKví wbtmG±`Gn BwZnvGmi ‰K N†wYZ
AaÅvq|
DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´Öx ˆ`kG`Ëvnx, wek¼vmNvZK, Õ¼v^cÆ i I gvbeZvweGivax KGgÆ wbGqvwRZ| cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxGK w`Gq ˆm
ˆ`Gki cÉPzi ÞwZ KwiGqGQ| AmsLÅ gvbeZvweGivax KgÆKvGí ˆm wjµ¦ nGqGQ| ‰gbwK mvaviY gvbylGK nZÅv KiGZ w«¼avw®¼Z
nqwb| Zvi ‰ N†YÅ KgKÆ ví ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdGii wek¼vmNvZKZvi w`KwUGKB ZzGj aGi|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcGK Avgiv wgiRvdi I ˆmvenvb gy´Öx bvgK `yB KzLÅvZ Acivaxi KgÆKví mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ cvwi|
Zviv DfGqB ˆ`kG`Ëvnx, wek¼vmNvZK, Õ¼v^Æci ‰es AgvbweK eÅwÚGZ½i AwaKvix| Zviv DfGqB KzLÅvZ PwiGòi aviK| ZvB
DóxcK I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi AvGjvGK ejGZ cvwi, wgiRvdi I ˆmvenvb gy´Öx ˆhb ‰KB mƒGò Mvu ^v|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK wgiRvdGii wek¼vmNvZKZvi KviGY evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZvi mƒhÆ AÕ¦ hvq| DóxcGKi ˆmvenvb gy´ÖxI
cvwKÕ¦vwbG`i mGã nvZ wgwjGq ‰G`Gki gvbyGli mvG^ wekv¼ mNvZKZv KGiGQ| dGj Zviv DfGqB ‰KB PvwiwòK ŠewkGÓ¡Åi aviK|
9
cixÞvq Kgb ˆcGZ AviI cGÉ k²vîi
cÉk²9 ingZcyi BDwbqGbi ˆPqvigÅvb Ave`ym mvîvi mvGne mäb eÅwÚ| Zvi ˆPqvigÅvb ^vKv AeÕ©vq ˆKvGbv AbÅvq myGhvM
cvIqv hvGe bv eySGZ ˆcGi ‰jvKvi wKQy myweavev`x ˆjvK I BDwbqGbi ˆgÁ¼viiv ˆPqvigÅvGbi wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ ÷i‚ KGi| Ave`ym mvîvi
mKGji loh¯¨ eySGZ cvGib| ‰Kw`b mKjGK ˆWGK wZwb ZvG`i weGivwaZvi K^v RvbGZ Pvb ‰es mevBGK Þgv KGi ˆ`Iqvi K^v
eGjb| wK¯§ ZvG`i loh¯¨ ˆ^Gg ^vGK bv| mvgvbÅ eÅwÚÕ¼v^Æ PwiZv^Æ KiGZ Zviv DGV cGo ˆjGM hvq|
K. njIGqj ˆKvb nvmcvZvGji nvZzGo mvRÆb wQj? 1
L. ‘Nyl ˆLGq ˆLGq Nyl K^vUvi A^ÆB e`Gj ˆMGQ Avcbvi KvGQ’@ ˆWÈK mÁ·GKÆ gvwUÆGbi ‰B g¯¦GeÅi KviY Kx? 2
M. DóxcGKi Ave`my mvîvi mvGnGei Pwiò KxfvGe ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK dzGU IVv wmivGRi PwiòGK aviY KGiGQ, Zv
eYÆbv KGiv| 3
N. ‘DóxcGK dzGU IVv eÅwÚMZ Õ¼v^Æwmw«¬i KvgbvB ‰G`Gk BsGiRG`i nvZGK kwÚkvjx KGiwQj’@ g¯¦eÅwU DóxcK
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK AejÁ¼Gb weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
9 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K njIGqj MvBm nvmvZvGji nvZzGo mvRÆb wQj|
L ˆWÈK Nyl LvIqvi K^v AÕ¼xKvi KiGj gvwUÆb ZvGK eGjwQj Nyl ˆLGq ˆLGq Nyl K^vUvi A^ÆB e`Gj ˆMGQ Zuvi KvGQ|
KjKvZv ˆ^GK Zvov ˆLGq BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆWÈK-wKjcÅvwUÇK ‰es ZvG`i `jej ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg RvnvGR AvkÉq wbGqwQj|
mevB wgGj kjvcivgkÆ Kiv AeÕ©vq nÅvwi `vwe KGi ˆh ˆm ÷ayB ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆeZbGfvMx, NylGNvi bq| ˆmB gynƒGZÆ ˆWÈKI eGj
ˆh ˆmI Nyl Lvq bv| ZLb ˆWÈGKi ‰B wg^ÅvPviGK eÅã KGi gvwUÆb eGjwQj Nyl ˆLGq ˆLGq ˆWÈGKi KvGQ Nyl K^vi A^ÆB e`Gj
ˆMGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ˆWKÈ Nyl LvIqvi K^v AÕ¼xKvi KiGj gvwUÆb ZvGK eGjwQj Nyl ˆLGq ˆLGq Nly K^vUvi A^ÆB e`Gj ˆMGQ Zuvi KvGQ|
M gvbweK àYvewjGZ AbbÅ nIqvi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi Ave`my mvîvi mvGnGei Pwiò wmivRDGóŒjv bvUGKi wmivR PwiGòi
cÉwZwbwa|
AvGjvPÅ bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv gvbexq àYvewjGZ wQGjb AbbÅ| wZwb wÕ©icÉwZæ, `†pwPî, mnvbyf„wZkxj, ˆ`kGcÉwgK I
exi wQGjb| wZwb evievi `yRÆbGK Þgv KGi w`GqGQb| R¯Ãf„wgi Õ¼v^Æ webÓ¡ KGiGQ ‰gb eÅwÚGKI evievi wek¼vm KGiGQb mij
gGb|
DóxcGKi ˆPqvigÅvb Ave`ym mvîvi ‰KRb mÁÃvbxq eÅwÚ| AbÅvGqi mvG^ Avcmnxb wZwb| Zuvi mÁÃvbnvwb Kivi RbÅ ‰jvKvi
wKQy myweavev`x ˆjvK Zuvi wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGiGQb| wK¯§ wZwb ‰ K^v RvbGZ ˆcGiI AcivaxG`i Þgv KGi ˆ`b| AvGjvPÅ
bvUGKi beve wmivRI wQGjb D`vi I wek¼vmx| Zuvi gnî½B Zuvi wecG`i KviY nGqwQj| cÉvmv` loh¯¨KvixG`i ˆRGbI wZwb
ZvG`i Þgv KGi ˆ`b| wZwb gvbexq àYvewjGZ `vM ˆKGU AvGQb gvbyGli gGb| ‰w`KwUB ciÕ·Gii mvG^ mv`†kÅ wbgÆvY KGi|
DîGii mvieÕ§: gvbweK àYvewjGZ AbbÅ nIqvi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi Ave`ym mvîvi mvGnGei Pwiò wmivRDGóŒjv bvUGKi wmivR
PwiGòi cÉwZwbwa|
N DóxcGKi gGZv eÅwÚÕ¼v^Æ PwiZv^Æ Kivi cÉeYZvB beve wmivRDGóŒjvi cZb Z½ivw®¼Z KGi BsGiRG`i AvwacZÅ cÉwZÓ¤v
KGiwQj|
AvGjvPÅ bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv D`vi I wek¼vmx wQGjb| Zuvi ‰B àYB ZuvGK wec`MÉÕ¦ KGi| wek¼vmNvZKZvi wkKvi nGq
evsjvi gvbyGli nvGZ g†ZzÅeiY KGib|
DóxcGKi Ave`ym mvîviI ‰KRb `qvevb mäb eÅwÚ| Zuvi wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGi ‰jvKvi wKQy myweavev`x eÅwÚeMÆ| ‰K^v
RvbGZ ˆcGiI wZwb loh¯¨KvixG`i wbtkZÆ Þgv KGib| wK¯§ Õ¼v^Æci myweavev`xiv wbZÅbZzb lohG¯¨ ˆgGZ IGV|
DóxcGKi Ave`ym mvîvi I bvUGKi beve wmivR DfGqB lohG¯¨i wkKvi| Þz`Ë Õ¼v^ÆGK jvjb KiGZ wMGq wKQy eÅwÚ BsGiRG`i
KvGQ evsjvGK bvggvò gƒGjÅ wewKÌ KGi ˆ`q| bevGei mvgGb cÉwZæv KiGjI Zviv evsjvi kò‚cGÞi mvG^ nvZ ˆgjvq| gƒjZ
wbGRG`i Õ¼v^Æwmw«¬ KiGZ wMGq Zviv ‰ AbÅvqKGgÆ cÉe†î nq| ˆ`Gki gvbyGli ‰gb Õ¼v^ÆB BsGiRG`i nvZGK kwÚkvjx KGiwQj,
‰G`Gki gvbylGK ˆkvlY Kivi c^ evZGj w`GqwQj| ZvB DóxcK I bvUK AejÁ¼Gb ejv hvq, cÉGk²vÚ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi gGZv eÅwÚÕ¼v^Æ PwiZv^Æ Kivi cÉeYZvB beve wmivRDGóŒjvi cZb Z½ivw®¼Z KGi BsGiRG`i AvwacZÅ
cÉwZÓ¤v KGiwQj|
10
cÉk²10 nvmvb ˆPŒayix ‰KwU ivGÓ¡Çi ciivÓ¡Çg¯¨x| cÉwZGewk ivGÓ¡Çi cÉwZGewk ivGÓ¡Çi mGã bvbv cÉmGã hy«¬-weMÉn ˆjGMB AvGQ|
hyG«¬ cÉwZGewk ivÓ¡Ç evi evi civwRZ nGq wf®² c^ ˆeGQ wbGjv| ciivÓ¡Çg¯¨x nvmvb ˆPŒayixGK ˆgvUv AGâi UvKv w`Gq ˆMvcb loh¯¨
KiGjv Zviv| Dfq ivGÓ¡Çi AvbyÓ¤wbK ŠeVGK wbR ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^Æ Rjvéwj w`Gq nvmvb ˆPŒayix PzwÚ Õ¼vÞi KiGjv|
K. ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi 1g AGâi 2q `†kÅ KZ ZvwiGLi NUbv? 1
L. hZ eo gyL bq ZZ eo K^v ˆK, KvGK eGjGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi nvmvb ˆPŒayix I wgiRvdGii ZzjbvgƒjK AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cUf„wg AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4
10 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi 1g AGâi 2q `†kÅ 13 RyjvBGqi NUbv|
L BsGiR cGÞi ŠmwbK Iqvwj Lvb BsGiRG`i h«y ¬ e®¬ KGi beve ŠmGbÅi KvGQ AvñmgcÆGYi civgkÆ w`Gj ˆKUÑ b evOvwjGK
Kvcyi‚l AvLÅv w`Gq Iqvwj LvbGK ‰ K^v eGjwQGjb|
beve ŠmbÅiv ˆdvUÆ DBwjqvg `yMÆ AvKÌgY KiGj BsGiR ŠmbÅiv AvZâMÉÕ¦ nGq cGo| bevGei mvnmx ŠmwbKiv `yGMÆi KvQvKvwQ ‰Gm
hvq| ‰gZveÕ©vq BsGiRG`i ˆeZbGfvMx evOvwj ŠmwbK Iqvwj Lvb BsGiR ˆmbvcwZ ˆKÑUbGK hy«¬ e®¬ KGi beve ˆmbvG`i KvGQ
AvñmgcÆY KiGZ eGj, bBGj mKGji cÉvY hvGe eGj AwfgZ ˆcvlY KGi| ZLb BsGiR ˆmbvcwZ ˆKÑUb Þz«¬ nGq eGj, Kvcyi‚l
evOvwji K^vq hy«¬ e®¬ nGe bv| Iqvwj Lvb eGj, evOvwj Kvcyi‚l ‰ K^v ejGeb bv mvGne| BsGiRG`i nGq hy«¬ KiwQ ˆKvÁ·vwbi
UvKvi RbÅ, Zv eGj evOvwj Kvcyi‚l bq| hy«¬ e®¬ bv KiGj beve ŠmbÅ ‰Þzwb Zvi cÉvY ˆbGe| ‰ K^vi RevGe wÞµ¦ ˆKÑUb ZvGK
eGj, hZ eGov gyL bq, ZZ eGov K^v|
DîGii mvieÕ§: BsGiR cGÞi ŠmwbK Iqvwj Lvb BsGiRG`i hy«¬ e®¬ KGi beve ŠmGbÅi KvGQ AvñmgcÆGYi civgkÆ w`Gj ˆKÑUb
evOvwjGK Kvcyi‚l AvLÅv w`Gq Iqvwj LvbGK ‰ K^v eGjwQGjb|
M DóxcGKi nvmvb ˆPŒayix I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi DfGq Õ¼v^Æv®¬ I wek¼vmNvZKZvq mgKÞ|
Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx gvbyl ˆh ˆKvb gynƒGZÆ ˆ`k I RvwZi ÞwZ mvab KiGZ cvGi| Zviv ˆ`Gki ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cG` ˆ^GKI AG^Æi ˆjvGf ˆ`k-RvwZi
Õ¼v^Æ Rjvéwj w`GZ KvcÆYÅ KGi bv| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi I DóxcGKi nvmvb ˆPŒayix ˆZgwb ˆjvfx I KzwUj Pwiò|
DóxcGKi nvmvb ˆPŒayix ‰KwU ivGÓ¡Çi ciivÓ¡Çg¯¨x nGqI ivGÓ¡Çi wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGi| cvk¼ÆeZÆx ivÓ¡Ç evi evi Zvi ˆ`Gki mvG^ hyG«¬
civwRZ nGq wf®² c^ ˆeGQ ˆbq| nvmvb ˆPŒayixGK ˆgvUv AGâi UvKv w`Gq Zviv ˆMvcb lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nq| nvmvb ˆPŒayix UvKvi wewbgq
wbGRi ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^Æ wemRÆb ˆ`q ‰es ˆMvcb PzwÚGZ Õ¼vÞi KGi| ˆm ˆhb BwZnvGmi N†wYZ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wek¼vmNvZK
wgiRvdGiiB ˆhvMÅ Dîimƒix| evsjvi beve wmivRDGóŒiv wgiRvdiGK cÉavb ˆmbvcwZi `vwqZ½ w`GqwQGjb| wK¯§ wgiRvdi beve
nIqvi ˆjvGf ˆ`Gki kò‚ BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mvG^ AuvZvZ KGi| ZvG`i mvG^ ˆMvcb ŠeVK KGi beveGK gmb` ˆ^GK AcmviGYi
wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| ˆmB ˆgvZvGeK BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mGã wgiRvdi I Zvi KzPKÌx gnGji ‰KwU PzwÚ nq| wgiRvdi ˆmB PzwÚGZ mB
KGi evsjv I evsjvi RbMGYi mvG^ wek¼vmNvZKZv KGi| DóxcGKi nvmvb ˆPŒayixI wgiRvdGii gGZv ˆ`Gki Õ¼vG^Æi ˆPGq eÅwÚ
Õ¼v^ÆGK cÉvavbÅ w`Gq Õ¼G`Gki ÞwZ KGiGQ| ˆm wnGmGe wgiRvdi I nvmvb ˆPŒayix ‰GK AGbÅi cÉwZweÁ¼ ejv mgxPxb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi nvmvb ˆPŒayix I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdi DfGq Õ¼v^Æv®¬ I wek¼vmNvZKZvq mgKÞ|
N DóxcGKi gGZv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cUf„wgI weG`wk kò‚G`i mvG^ ˆ`kxq loh¯¨KvixG`i bxjbKkvq ˆ`Gki `y`Ækvi
wPGò DrmvwiZ|
‰KwU ˆ`Gki meGPGq eo ÞwZmvab mÁ¿e nq ZLbB hLb ˆ`Gki Afů¦Gii ˆKD Õ¼G`kweGivax PKÌvG¯¦ wjµ¦ ^vGK| ‰gb KzPKÌx
Pwiò ˆ`Gki hZUv ÞwZ KiGZ mÞg nq Zv AbÅ KvGiv «¼viv mÁ¿e nq bv| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcGKi cUf„wgGZ ˆmB
cÉgvYB DcÕ©vcb Kiv nGqGQ|
DóxcGKi nvmvb ˆPŒayix Zvi ivGÓ¡Çi ciivÓ¡Çg¯¨x| dGj Zvi mGã AbÅ ivGÓ¡Çi mÁ·KÆ ^vKvUvB Õ¼vfvweK| wZwb wbR ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^Æ iÞv I
D®²wZGZ AbÅ ˆ`Gki mvG^ mymÁ·KÆ eRvq ivLGeb ‰UvB Zvi `vwqZ½| wK¯§ wZwb hw` AG^Æi ˆjvGf kò‚ ivGÓ¡Çi mGã ˆMvcb loh¯¨
KGib ZGe Zv nGe ˆ`Gki RbÅ fqven ÞwZi KviY| nvmvb ˆPŒayix ˆm KvRwUB KGiGQb| ˆh ˆ`Gki mGã Zvi ˆ`Gki hy«¬-weMÉn
ˆjGMB ^vGK ˆm ˆ`Gki mvG^ wZwb PzwÚ Õ¼vÞi KGiGQb ˆ`Gki wei‚G«¬| ˆgvUv AGâi UvKvi wewbgGq ˆ`kGK ˆhb wewKÌ KGi w`Gjb|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wgiRvdiGK beve evsjvi cÉavb ˆmbvcwZi `vwqZ½ w`GqwQGjb| beve ZvGK `vwqZ½ w`Gq wbwøG¯¦ ^vKGeb ‰UvB
wQj Õ¼vfvweK| wK¯§ wgiRvdi bevGei ivRmfvq ˆ^GK, ˆ`Gki mKj myGhvM-myweav ˆfvM KGiI ˆ`Gki wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGi| BÕ¡-
Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mvG^ AuvZvZ KGi beveGK ÞgZvPzÅZ KiGZ ˆm mnvqZv KGi| BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb evsjvq eÅemv KiGZ ‰Gm ‰
ˆ`Gki wbixn gvbyGli Dci AZÅvPvi-wbhÆvZb PvjvGZv| beve wmivR ZvG`i ‰gb KgÆKvGíi wei‚G«¬ ˆmvœPvi wQGjb| bevGei ‰gb
Abo AeÕ©vGb BsGiRiv ZvGK wmsnvmbPzÅZ Kivi cwiK͸bv KGi| Avi ‰ cwiK͸bvq gxiRvdGii ˆbZ‡GZ½ bevGei wKQy Õ¼v^ÆvG®¼lx
AvgZÅeMÆ ˆhvM ˆ`b| gxiRvdi BsGiRG`i mvG^ ˆMvcb PzwÚ KGi wbGR cieZÆx beve nIqvi myGhvM ˆbB| cjvwki hyG«¬ weivU ŠmbÅ
evwnbxGK ˆm hy«¬ bv KwiGq `uvo KGi ivGL| ‰GZ beve wmivGRi cZb nq ‰es wZwb wbgÆgfvGe wbnZ nb| bvUKwUi gƒj ˆcÉÞvcU
BsGiRG`i mvG^ wgiRvdi MsG`i loh¯¨ I evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv fzjyw¥¤Z nIqv| DóxcGKi ˆcÉÞvcUI AvGjvPÅ bvUGKi gGZv weG`wk kò‚i
mvG^ ˆ`Gki Afů¦ixY kò‚i ˆhvMmvRm I Õ¼G`Gki Õ¼v^Æ wemRÆGb Ave«¬|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi gGZv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cUfw„ gI weG`wk kò‚G`i mvG^ ˆ`kxq loh¯¨KvixG`i bxjbKkvq ˆ`Gki
`y`Ækvi wPGò DrmvwiZ|
11
cÉk² 11 cvK ˆmbvG`i c`GjnbB bvwK
Avñnviv wKQy ivRvKvi bZRvby nGq hvq
KzuGRvi gGZvb nuvGU| ‰B ˆivM gvbyGli nq!
AwaK‡Z ˆ`Gk ˆ`Gk, jvjmv bvgvq ‰B eÅvwa|
cÉvYxiv ‰w`K ˆ^GK gvbyGli ˆPGq ˆewk LuvwU|
K. ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi hewbKv DGîvjGbi Õ©vbwU ˆKv^vq? 1
L. ‘A®¬KvGii duvKv `ievGi eGm ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv jvf ˆbB beve’@ ˆK, KvGK, ˆKvb cÉmGã eGjGQ? 2
M. DóxcGKi ivRvKviG`i mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi KvG`i wgj mgwaK? 3
N. ‘AwaK‡Z ˆ`Gk ˆ`Gk jvjmv bvgvq ‰ eÅvwa|’ DóxcGKi ‰ Ask w`Gq bevGei eÅwÚZ½nxb AgvZÅG`i KxfvGe gƒjÅvqb
KiGe? 4
11 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi hewbKv DGîvjGbi Õ©vbwU nGœQ RvdiMGéi KGq`Lvbv|
L A®¬KvGii duvKv `ievGi eGm ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv jvf ˆbB beve’@ ‰wU bevGei Õ¨x beveGK civRGqi cieZÆx c`GÞc MÉnY
Kivi cÉmGã eGjGQb|
cjvwki hGy «¬ bevGei ˆmbvcwZ wgiRvdimn AbÅG`i wek¼vmNvZKZvq wZwb civwRZ nb| nZvk, Amnvq beve ‰Kv `ievGi
eGm ^vGKb| ZLb Zuvi Õ¨x jyrdv ZvGK DÚ K^vwU eGjb| bevGei Õ¨x eGjb, civwRZ nGq eGm ^vKGj PjGe bv eis weG`ËvnxG`i
kvwÕ¦ ˆ`Iqvi eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nGe|
DîGii mvieÕ§: A®¬KvGii duvKv `ievGi eGm ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv jvf ˆbB beve’@ ‰wU bevGei Õ¨x beveGK civRGqi cieZÆx c`GÞc
MÉnY Kivi cÉmGã eGjGQb|
M DóxcGKi ivRvKviG`i mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cjvwki hyG«¬ wekv¼ mNvZK PwiòàGjvi wgj mgvwaK|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK beve wmivRDGóŒjvi AwaKvsk mfvm` I ˆmbvcwZ bevGei wei‚G«¬ lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nq| Zviv A^Æ I
ÞgZvi ˆjvGf bevGei mvG^ wek¼vmNvZKZv KGi| wgiRvdi, ivReÍÏf, RMrGkV cÉgyL wbGRi Õ¼v^Æ iÞvi RbÅ bevGei wei‚G«¬
AeÕ©vb ˆbq|
DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ivRvKviiv cwøg cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKGMvÓ¤xi mnPi nGq DGVwQj| ZvB 1971 mvGj hLb evsjvG`Gki meÆÕ¦Gii
gvbyl Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ meÆvñK cÉGPÓ¡v PvjvwœQj ZLb Zviv MYkò‚i f„wgKvq Avwef„ÆZ nq| ‰iv eÅwÚÕ¼v^ÆGK cÉvavbÅ w`Gq ˆ`Gki
wei‚G«¬ lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nq| ‰B ivRvKvi ˆkÉwY cjvwki hyG«¬ wek¼vmNvZKG`i Õ¼i…cGKB dzwUGq ZzGjGQ| ZvB ejv hvq, DóxcGKi
ivRvKviG`i mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi wek¼vmNvZK AgvZÅG`i wgj mgwaK|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi ivRvKviG`i mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cjvwki hyG«¬ wek¼vmNvZK PwiòàGjvi wgj mgvwaK|
N ˆjvf-jvjmvi KviGY ˆ`Gk ˆ`Gk gvbyl Zvi wbR f„wgi mvG^ wek¼vmNvZKZv KGi Avi ‰ welqwU DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ jvBGb
‰es bevGei eÅwÚZ½nxb AgvZÅG`i gGaÅ ˆ`Lv hvq|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK beve wmivRDGóŒjv wQGjb mvnmx ‰K ˆ`kGcwÉ gK| g†ZzÅi AvM chƯ¦ wZwb evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv evRq ivLvi
eÅvcvGi `†p cÉwZæ wQGjb| wK¯§ Zuvi KwZcq AgvZÅ I Avñxqiv wQj wek¼vmNvZK| Zviv wbGRG`i Õ¼v^Æ D«¬vi Kivi RbÅ
wfbG`kx ˆewbqvG`i mvG^ nvZ ˆgjvq| evsjvGK bvggvò gƒGjÅ Zviv wewKGq w`GqwQj|
DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ AskwUGZ wek¼vmNvZKG`i Pwiò wPòvqY Kiv nGqGQ| Zviv Õ¼vG^Æi cÉGqvRGb ˆ`kG`ËvwnZvi AvkÉq ˆbq|
ˆhLvGb weG`wk kwÚ ˆKvGbv ˆ`k AwaK‡Z KGi ZLb wKQy myweavev`x ˆjvK ZvG`i mvG^ nvZ ˆgjvq| Zviv ˆ`Gki mvG^ nvZ
wgwjGq wbGRi ˆ`Gki gvbyGli ÞwZ KGi| DóxcGK Kwe ‰ AwfgZ cÉKvk KGiGQb|
DóxcK I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK Õ¼v^Æv®¬ ˆ`kG`ËvnxG`i Pwiò ewYÆZ nGqGQ| ‰iv loh¯¨ KGi ˆ`Gki RbÅ wbGew`Z cÉvY eÅwÚG`i
nZÅv KGi| bevGei eÅwÚZ½nxb AgvZÅG`i gGaÅI ‰ cÉeYZv ˆ`LGZ cvIqv hvq| Zviv weG`wk gnGji mvG^ nvZ wgwjGq ˆ`Gki
wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGi| ˆjvf-jvjmvi ekeZÆx nGq Zviv beveGK ÞgZvPzÅZ KGi ‰es nZÅv KGi| myZivs Avgiv ˆ`LGZ cvB,
DóxcGKi AvGjvPÅ AskwUi gvaÅGg bevGei eÅwÚZ½nxb AgvZÅG`i Pwiò gƒjÅvqb Kiv mÁ¿e|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ˆjvf-jvjmvi KviGY ˆ`Gk ˆ`Gk gvbyl Zvi wbR f„wgi mvG^ wek¼vmNvZKZv KGi Avi ‰ welqwU DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ
jvBGb ‰es bevGei eÅwÚZ½nxb AgvZÅG`i gGaÅ ˆ`Lv hvq|
12
cÉk² 12 mÁ·` I ÞgZv `yGUvi cÉwZB fxlY ˆjvfx ivRxe ˆPŒayix| cÉfve-cÉwZcwî e†w«¬i jGÞÅ myeÆYcyi MÉvGg ‰GKi ci ‰K
Rwg `Lj KGi wk͸KviLvbv Õ©vcb KGiGQb| ‰RbÅ cÉGqvRGb wZwb Amnvq MÉvgevmxi Ici wbÓ¤zi nGq IGVb, KLGbv A^ÆGjvf
ˆ`wLGq wbGRi KvR KwiGq ˆbb| Zvi ‰B KgÆKvGíi ZxeË cÉwZev` Rvbvq myeYÆcyGii MÉvg cÉavb ˆmwjg Lvb| wK¯§ fwelÅr Õ¼v^Æ
jvGfi Avkvq MÉvGgi `yB-wZb Rb Amvay eÅwÚ ivRxe ˆPŒayixi mGã ˆhvM ˆ`q| dGj ˆmwjg Lvb I Zvi ‰KwbÓ¤ mnGhvMxivI
ˆkl iÞv KiGZ cvGi bv| myeYÆcyGii KZ‡ÆZ½ PGj hvq ivRxe ˆPŒayixi KvGQ| [XvKv wmwU KGjR]
K. KvGK AvwjbMGii ˆ`Iqvb wbhÚy Kiv nGqGQ? 1
L. ‘Avgiv ‰gb wKQy Kijvg hv BwZnvm nGe’@ DwÚwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi ivRxe ˆPŒayixi KgKÆ vGíi mGã BsGiRG`i BÕ¡-Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mv`†kÅ ˆKv^vq Zv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. ˆcÉÞvcU wf®² nGjI myeYÆcyGii KZ‡ÆZ½ cwieZÆb I evsjvi civRq ‰B mƒGò Mvu^v@ DwÚwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi
AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
12 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K gvwbKPvu`GK AvwjbMGii ˆ`Iqvb wbhyÚ Kiv nGqGQ|
L ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK BsGiR ˆmbvcwZ ievUÆ KÑvBf ‰ DwÚwU KGiGQb|
beve wmivRDGóŒjvGK wmsnvmbPzÅZ KGi evsjvi wmsnvmb Kivqî KiGZ Pvq wek¼vmNvZGKi `j| ZvB wbR wbR msKxYÆ Õ¼v^ÆGK evÕ¦Ge
i…c`vb Kivi RbÅ Zviv BsGiRG`i mvG^ ‰KwU N†YÅ PzwÚ KGi| ‰ NUbvi gvaÅGgB cvKfviZ DcgnvG`Gk BsGiRG`i `xNÆ kvmGbi
exR ˆivwcZ nq| PzwÚcGò ‰K ‰K KGi RMrGkV, wgiRvdi, ivReÍÏf mevB Õ¼vÞi ˆ`b| ‰B PzwÚi gvaÅGg evsjvi civaxbZvi c^
myMg nq | ‰ mb`B kò‚G`i weRq evZÆv ˆNvlYv KGi 1757 mvGj 23ˆk Ryb HwZnvwmK cjvwki cÉv¯G¦ i|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK BsGiR ˆmbvcwZ ievUÆ KÑvBf ‰ DwÚwU KGiGQb|
M loh¯¨ KGi bevGei ˆmbvcwZGK cÉGjvfb ˆ`wLGq ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦i Kivi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi ivwRe ˆPŒayixi mGã
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BsGiRG`i mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK BsGiRiv eÅemvi bvGg evsjvi gvbylGK ˆkvlY Kiv ÷i‚ KGi| beve wmivRDGóŒjv ‰i cÉwZweavb Kivi
ˆPÓ¡v KiGZ wMGq BsGiRG`i evavi mÁÃyLxb nb| Zviv bevGei ˆmbvcwZ I Avñxq wgiRvdi, NGmwU ˆeMg, RMrGkV,
ivq`yjfÆGK cÉGjvfb ˆ`wLGq nvZ KGi ˆbq| dGj BsGiR I wgiRvdiG`i cÉvmv`-lohG¯¨ bevGei civRq NGU| ‰gbwK jWÆ
KÑvBGfi wbG`ÆGk wgiGbi mnGhvwMZvq ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM beveGK nZÅv KGi|
DóxcGKi ivRxe ˆPŒayix BsGiRG`i gGZv ‰KB PwiGòi AwaKvix| ÞgZvi ˆjvGf ˆh ˆKvGbv KvR KiGZ Zvi w«¼av nq bv|
Amnvq ˆjvKRGbi Ici wbhÆvZb KGi mÁ·wî MÉvm KGi| ivRxGei ‰gb KgÆKvGí myeYÆcyGii MÉvgcÉavb ˆmwjg Lvb cÉwZev`
KiGj Zvi ˆcQGb ˆjwjGq ˆ`q wKQy Amvay eÅwÚG`i| MÉvGgi KZ‡ÆZ½ PGj hvq, ivRxe ˆPŒayixi nvGZ| AvGjvPÅ bvUGKi BsGiRiv
eÅemvi bvGg ‰G`Gki KZ‡ÆZ½ wQwbGq wbGqwQj| ‰KB iKg PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å ^vKvq BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mvG^ DóxcGKi ivRxe
ˆPŒayixi KgÆKvGíi mv`†kÅ wbwYÆZ nq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: loh¯¨ KGi bevGei ˆmbvcwZGK cÉGjvfb ˆ`wLGq ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦i Kivi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi ivwRe ˆPŒaiy xi mGã
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BsGiRG`i mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
N AbÅvqfvGe ÞgZv `Lj KGi KZZ‡Æ ½ cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆÞGò DóxcK ‰es ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi evÕ¦eZv mgagÆx|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BsGiR ˆewbqviv ‰ ˆ`Gk ‰GmwQj evwYGRÅi DGóGkÅ| evsjv AçGji cYÅ`ËGeÅi eÅvcK Pvwn`v wQj
mgMÉ BDGivGc| weGkl KGi BsjÅvG´£| BsGiRiv cieZxÆGZ ‰G`Gki ivRbxwZGZ wbGRG`i AvwacZÅ weÕ¦vi KGi|
DóxcGKi ivRxe ˆPŒayix ÞgZvGjvfx ‰KwU Pwiò| AbÅvqfvGe K„UGKŒkGj mÁ·` nvZvGbv Zvi DGókÅ| ‰RbÅ nZ`wi`Ë
RbMYGK VKvGZI Zvi w«¼av nq bv| myeYÆcyi MÉvGgi KZ‡ÆZ½ jvGfi RbÅ wZwb ˆPÓ¡v PvjvGj ˆmwjg Lvb ZvGK euvav cÉ`vb KGib|
wK¯§ ivRxe ˆPŒayix wKQy Amvay eÅwÚG`i AG^Æi ˆjvf ˆ`wLGq Zvi KvhwÆ mw«¬ KGib|
DóxcGKi ivRxe ˆPŒayix ‰es ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi BÕ¡-Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb AbÅvqfvGe KZ‡ÆZ½ niY KGiwQj| ZvG`i ‰gb
KgÆKvGí evav cÉ`vb KGiwQj DóxcGKi ˆmwjg Lvb ‰es bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv| DGókÅ wmw«¬i RbÅ Zviv nvZ
wgwjGqwQj NwbÓ¤ mnGhvMxG`i mvG^| dGj ˆjvGfi ekeZÆx nGq wek¼vmNvZKZvi c^ ˆeGQ ˆbq Zviv| bvUGKi AgvZÅiv bevGei
mvG^ ˆ`kGK iÞv Kivi cÉwZæv KiGjI Zviv wek¼vmNZKZvi cwiPq ˆ`q| dGj evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv LeÆ nq, civRq NGU bevGei|
DóxcGK ˆZgwb myeYÆcyGii KZZ‡Æ ½ PGj hvq ˆjvfx ivRxe ˆPŒayixi nvGZ| DóxcK I bvUGKi ˆcÞvcU wf®² Z^vwc gƒj cwiYwZ
‰KB| ZvB mvweÆK w`K weGePbvq ejv hvq, cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: AbÅvqfvGe ÞgZv `Lj KGi KZ‡ÆZ½ cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆÞGò DóxcK ‰es ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi evÕ¦eZv mgagxÆ |
13
cÉk² 13 `yB ˆQGj AvGgwiKv PGj hvIqvi ci ivnvZ ˆPŒayix RvGq`GK m¯¦vb ˆÕG² n àjkvGbi evwoGZ AvkÉq w`GqGQ ˆhb ˆm Zvi
Õ¨x I ZvGK e†«¬ eqGm ˆ`LvGkvbv KiGZ cvGi| RvGq` ‰Kw`b ivnvZ ˆPŒayixi mÁ·wîi ˆjvGf ZuvGK nZÅv KGi| ˆQGj RvbGZ
ˆcGi ˆ`Gk ‰Gm RvGq`GK ˆRGj cyGi ˆ`q|
K. evsjvi BwZnvGm ˆK KÑvBGfi Mvav eGj cwiwPZ? 1
L. ‘cvewjGKi gGb ˆUii RvwMGq ivLGZ cvivUvB kvmb ÞgZvi MÉvbvBW dvDG´£kb’@ DwÚwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi RvGq` ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆKvb PwiGòi mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ@ ‰ mv`†GkÅi KviY eYÆbv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆe`bven cwiYwZi LíwPò’@ ‰ cÉmGã ˆZvgvi AwfgZ `vI| 4
13 bÁ¼i cÉGk²i Dîi
K evsjvi BwZnvGm wgiRvdi KÑvBGfi Mvav eGj cwiwPZ|
L ÞgZv KzwÞMZ KGi ivLGZ RbmvaviGYi gGb fq RvwMGq ivLvi welqwU cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ KÑvBGfi AvGjvPÅ DwÚGZ|
wgiRvdGii wmsnvmGb emvi ci Lei AvGm wmivRDGóŒjv cvjvGbvi cG^ wgi KvGkGgi ŠmbÅG`i nvGZ aiv cGoGQ| ‰ mgq
KÑvBf wgiRvdiGK civgkÆ ˆ`q wmivRDGóŒjvGK g†ZÅz `í w`GZ| gywkÆ`vevG`i ivRc^ w`Gq ˆUGbwnuPGo wbGq hvIqvi cG^
mvaviY ˆjvKRb Zuvi gyGL ^y^y w`Gj wgiRvdGii ÞgZvGK mevB fq cvGe| gƒjZ ‰LvGb ÞgZv KzwÞMZ KiGZ RbmvaviGYi
gGb fq RvwMGq ˆ`qvi welqwU ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ÞgZv KzwÞMZ KGi ivLGZ RbmvaviGYi gGb fq RvwMGq ivLvi welqwU cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ KÑvBGfi AvGjvPÅ DwÚGZ|
M DóxcGKi RvGq` ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM ‰i mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM ‰KRb K‡ZN³ eÅwÚ I Lywb| cjvwki hyG«¬ ˆkvPbxq civRGqi ci beve wmivRDGóŒjv Õ¨x-KbÅvmn cvUbvi DGóGkÅ
hLb cvwjGq hvwœQGjb ZLb wZwb aiv cGob| MYweGÞvGfi Avkâvq KÑvBf `Ë‚Z wmivRGK nZÅv KiGZ Pvq| wgiGbi Avn»vGb
wmivRGK nZÅv KiGZ ivwR nq A^ÆGjvfx wbÓ¤zi ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM| A^P wmivGRi wcZv Abv^ ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMGK m¯v¦ b ˆÕG² n gvbyl
KGiwQGjb| ˆm K^v fzGj wMGq AG^Æi ˆjvGf ˆm AZů¦ wbÓ¤zifvGe wcwUGq I QywiKvNvGZ nZÅv KGi beve wmivRDGóŒjvGK|
DóxcGKi RvGq` ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeGMi gGZv A^ÆGjvfx wbÓ¤zi I K‡ZN³| `yB ˆQGj AvGgwiKv PGj hvIqvi ci ivnvZ ˆPŒayix RvGq`GK
m¯¦vbGÕ²Gn àjkvGbi evwoGZ AvkÉq w`GqGQb| wK¯§ RvGq` ‰Kw`b mÁ·wîi ˆjvGf ivnvZ ˆPŒayixGK nZÅv KGi| ‰LvGb RvGqG`i
A^ÆGjvjyc K‡ZN³ Pwiò cÉKvk cvq| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMGK wmivGRi wcZv m¯¦vbGÕG² n gvbyl KiGjI me fzGj
ˆm AG^Æi ˆjvGf wmivRGK nZÅv KGi| A^ÆGjvjycZv I K‡ZN³Zvi KviGY DóxcGKi RvGq` I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆgvnvÁÃw`
ˆeM PwiGòi mv`†kÅ AvGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ DóxcGKi RvGq` ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM ‰i mGã mv`†kÅcƒYÆ|
N “DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆe`bven cwiYwZi LíwPò|@ K^vwU HwZnvwmK NUbvi evÕ¦eZvq ˆhŒwÚK|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ ‰KwU BwZnvm wbfÆi bvUK| BsGiRG`i K„UGKŒkj, cÉvmv` loh¯¨ I wgiRvdGii wek¼vmNvZKZvi ‰K Ki‚Y wPò
bvUGK DGV ‰GmGQ| cjvwki hGy «¬ beve wmivRDGóŒjvi Ki‚Y cwiYwZ ‰es ˆkl chƯ¦ ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM KZ‡ÆK beve b†ksmfvGe
Lyb nIqvi NUbvwU AZů¦ ˆe`bv`vqK|
DóxcGKi RvGq` ivnvZ ˆPŒayixGK nZÅv KGi ‰KwU ˆe`bven cwiwÕ©wZ m†wÓ¡ KGi| ivnvZ ˆPŒayixi `yB ˆQGj AvGgwiKv PGj
ˆMGj wZwb RvGq`GK m¯¦vbGÕG² n jvjb KiGZ ^vGKb| wK¯§ AG^Æi ˆjvGf cGo RvGq` ivnvZ ˆPŒayixGK Lyb KGi| ˆQGj RvbGZ
ˆcGi ˆ`Gk ‰Gm RvGq`GK ˆRGj cyGi ˆ`q|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK DcKvix AvkÉq`vZv wgRÆv RGqbywób Abv^ ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMGK Av`i-hGð gvbyl KGiwQGjb| wK¯§ Zv fzGj
K‡ZN³ ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM ZuviB cyò wmivRGK nZÅv KGi| DóxcGKI ˆKej AvkÉq`vZvGK nZÅv Kivi K‡ZN³ gvbwmKZv cÉKvk
ˆcGqGQ| ZvB ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK cÉvmv` loh¯¨, BsGiRG`i K„UGKŒkj BZÅvw` welq ^vKGjI DóxcGK ÷ay wmivRDGóŒjvi
Ki‚Y cwiYwZ I ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeGMi K‡ZN³Zv cKÉ vk ˆcGqGQ| ZvB cÉGk² DwÍÏwLZ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ “DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆe`bven cwiYwZi LíwPò|@ K^vwU HwZnvwmK NUbvi evÕ¦eZvq ˆhŒwÚK|
14
cÉk² 14 Avwg RbZvi ˆbZv, Avwg RbZvi m†wÓ¡| ZLb ˆ^GK Avwg gGb Kwi, Avwg BwZnvmGK MoGZ cvwi, fvOGZ cvwi, i‚LGZ
cvwi| ZvGK WvBGb-euvGq ˆNvivGZ cvwi| ˆbZvi PwiGòI Avñwek¼vGmi AvekÅKZv AvGQ| wK¯§ Awek¼vGmi AvwaKÅ AvñÁ¼wiZv
cwiYZ nGq ZvGK mgMÉ mgvR I ivÓ¡ÇRxeGbi RbÅ ÞwZKi KGi ˆZvGj|
K. fMevbGMvjv ˆ^GK wmivRGK ˆKv^vq wbGq Avmv nGœQ? 1
L. ‘Avwg eis beveGK wek¼vm KiGZ cvwi’@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
M. DóxcGKi ˆbZv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆKvb PwiGòi cÉZxK? wbi…cY Ki| 3
N. ‘DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆK±`Êxq PwiGòi K^v ÕÃiY KwiGq w`GqGQ gvò, mvgwMÉKZv bq|’@ DwÚwU weGkÏlY
Ki| 4
14 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K fMevbGMvjv ˆ^GK wmivRGK gywkÆ`vevG` wbGq Avmv nGœQ|
L beve wmivRDGóŒjvi mGã wgiRvdGii wek¼vmNvZKZvi KviGY ievUÆ KÑvBf DÚ g¯¦eÅwU KGiGQb|
wgiRvdi wQj beve wmivRDGóŒjvi cÉavb ˆmbvcwZ| ˆm wbR Õ¼vG^Æi RbÅ beve I ˆ`Gki wei‚G«¬ Mfxi lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nq|
wgiRvdGii ‰ aiGbi N†wYZ KGgÆ ievUÆ KÑvBf wgiRvdGii DGóGkÅ eGjGQb, ‘Avwg eis beveGK wek¼vm KiGZ cvwi wK¯§
ˆZvgvGK bq|’
DîGii mvieÕ:§ beve wmivRDGóŒjvi mGã wgiRvdGii wek¼vmNvZKZvi KviGY ievUÆ KÑvBf DÚ g¯¦eÅwU KGiGQb|
M DóxcGKi ˆbZv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv PwiGòi cÉZxK|
‰KRb `Þ ˆbZv RvwZGK myL I mgw† «¬i cG^ wbGq ˆhGZ cvGib| ‰KRb `†pGPZv I Avñwekv¼ mx ˆbZvB cvGib mKj msKU
ˆgvKvwejv KGi RvwZGK Avkvi AvGjv ˆ`LvGZ| ZGe ˆbZvi AnsKvix gGbvfve ‰es Avñwek¼vGmi AvwaKÅ RvwZGK wechÆGqi
w`K ˆVGj w`GZ cvGi|
DóxcGK ‰K AvñAnsKvix ˆbZvi cwiPq dzGU DGVGQ| wbGRi RbwcÉqZv ‰es mÞgZvi Dci iGqGQ Zvi AMva Avñwek¼vm|
Zvi fvlÅgGZ, ˆm RbZvi ˆbZv, wekvj RbZv ZviB m†wÓ¡| AZ‰e ˆm PvBGj BwZnvmGK MoGZ cvGi, fvOGZ cvGi, i‚LGZ
cvGi| ZvGK WvBGb-evuGq ˆNvivGZ cvGi| ‰gb D«¬Z AvPiY ‰es AZÅwaK Avñ wek¼vm Avgiv beve wmivRDGóŒjvi PwiGò
ˆ`LGZ cvB| AgvZÅG`i cÉwZ wQj Zvi AMva wek¼vm| ZvQvov cjvwki hGy «¬ BsGiRG`i ŠmbÅ msLÅv AGcÞv bevGei ŠmbÅ msLÅv
AGbK wQj| ZvB beve ‰ hyG«¬ RGqi eÅvcvGi AGbK ˆewk Avñwek¼vmx wQGjb| A^P Õ¼xq AgvZÅ I ˆmbvcwZG`i
wek¼vmNvZKZvi KviGY wZwb civwRZ nb| DóxcGKi ˆbZvI Zvi Avñwek¼vGmi AvwaGKÅi KviGY mgvR I ivGÓ¡Çi RbÅ ÞwZKi
nGq DGVb| ZvB DóxcGKi ˆbZvGK wmivRDGóŒjvi cÉZxK ejv hvq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi ˆbZv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi beve wmivRDGóŒjv PwiGòi cÉZxK|
N DóxcKwU “wmivRDGóŒjv” bvUGKi ˆK±`Êxq Pwiò wmivRDGóŒjvi K^v ÕÃiY KwiGq w`GjI Zv bvUGKi mvgwMÉK w`KGK
cÉKvk KiGZ cvGiwb|
“wmivRDGóŒjv” bvUGK evsjvi ˆkl Õ¼vaxb beve wmivGRi RxeGbi Ki‚Y cwiYwZi Kvwnwb Avi BwZnvGmi bvbv cÉmã Õ©vb
ˆcGqGQ| DóxcGK ˆKej beve wmivRDGóŒjvi AwaK Avñwek¼vGmi w`KwU dzGU DGVGQ|
DóxcGK ‰gb ‰K ˆbZvi K^v ejv nGqGQ ˆh AwaK Avñwek¼vmx| wbGRGK wZwb RbZvi ˆbZv ‰es RbZvi mÉÓ¡v wnGmGe `vwe
KGib| Zvi J«¬ZÅcƒYÆ msjvGc Zvi AvñAnsKvix gGbvfvGei cwiPq cvIqv hvq| ˆbZvi PwiGò Avñwek¼vGmi AvekÅKZv
iGqGQ| wK¯§ Avñwek¼vGmi AvwaKÅ AvñcwiPGq cwiYZ nGq ZvGK mgMÉ mgvR I ivÓ¡ÇRxeGbi RbÅ ÞwZMÉÕ¦ KGi ˆZvGj| ‰KB
iKg Avñwek¼vGmi AvwaKÅ ˆ`LGZ cvB Avgiv wmivGRi PwiGò| kvmb ÞgZvq AwawÓ¤Z nIqvi ci wZwb wewf®² `dZGii KvhÆvw`
‰es wnmve wbKvGki LyuwU-bvwU welqàGjv chÆGeÞY ÷i‚ KGib| dGj Õ¼vG^Æ AvNvZ jvMvq Zvi AGbK AgvZÅ Zvi wei‚«¬vPviY
KGi| A^P wmivR eiveiB Zvi AgZÅ I RbMGYi cwÉ Z AvÕ©vkxj wQGjb|
AvGjvPÅ bvUGK ‰es DóxcGK ˆbZvi Avñwek¼vGmi AvwaKÅ ˆm RvwZi RbÅ ÞwZKi ‰es wechÆÕ¦ AeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ KiGZ cvGi ˆmB
welqwU ZzGj aiv nGqGQ| cjvwki hGy «¬ beve RGqi eÅvcvGi AwaK Avñwek¼vmx wQGjb| Avi ‰UvB Zvi cZbGK Z½ivw®¼Z
KGiGQ| DóxcGK ‰ welqwU AvmGjI AGbK wKQyB AcÉKvwkZ iGqGQ| AvGjvPÅ bvUGK BsGiR I ewMÆG`i jy¥¤b i‚LGZ bevGei
msMÉvg, jovB I lohG¯¨i KviGY ew±` bevGei Ki‚Y g†ZzÅ, ˆ`kGcÉwgK ˆmbvcwZG`i AvñZÅvM cÉf‡wZ welq dzGU DGVGQ| wK¯§
DóxcGK ‰àGjv cÉKvk cvqwb| ZvB Avgiv ejGZ cvwi, DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi weGkl ‰KwU w`K dzwUGq ZzjGjI
mvgwMÉK fveGK cÉKvk KGiwb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcKwU “wmivRDGóŒjv” bvUGKi ˆK±`Êxq Pwiò wmivRDGóŒjvi K^v ÕÃiY KwiGq w`GjI Zv bvUGKi mvgwMKÉ
w`KGK cÉKvk KiGZ cvGiwb|
15
cÉk² 15 AvdMvwbÕ¦vb ˆ^GK ZvGjevb miKvGii cZGbi ci gvwKÆb g`G` nvwg` KviRvBGqi ˆbZG‡ Z½ ‰KwU bZzb miKvi MwVZ
nq| bvGg Õ¼Z¯¨ miKvi MVb KiGjI KviRvB miKvi wQj hÚy ivGÓ¡Çi AbyMZ ‰KwU ZuvGe`vi miKvi| AvdMvwbÕ¦vGbi mewKQy
PGj gvwKÆb miKvGii A`†kÅ Bkvivq, ‰LvGb KviRvBGqi wKQyB Kivi wQj bv|
K. ‘wmivGRi cZb ˆK bv Pvq’@ DwÚwU Kvi? 1
L. njIGqj A®¬K„c nZÅv Kvwnwb ˆKb evwbGqwQGjb? eywSGq ˆjGLv| 2
M. DóxcGKi KviRvBGqi kvmGbi mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆh w`KwUi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ, ˆm mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGKi A`†kÅ Bkviv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ‰KwU weG`wk RvwZGK ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q|@ g¯¦eÅwU weGkÏlY KGiv|4
15 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘wmivGRi cZb ˆK bv Pvq’@ DwÚwU NGmwU ˆeMGgi|
L wg^Åv eGj AwZiwéZ KGi AmZÅ I AbÅvGqi AvkÉq wbGq beve wmivRDGóŒjvGK ‰es Zuvi kvmbvgjGK KjwâZ Kivi RbÅ
njIGqj A®¬K„c nZÅv Kvwnwb evwbGqwQGjb|
WvÚvwi cvm KGi njIGqj ˆKvÁ·vwbi PvKwi wbGq fviZeGlÆ PGj AvGmb| A‹eafvGe wecyj A^-Æ Hk¼hÆ jvGfi Avkvq wZwb
wmwfj mvwfÆGm PvKwi ˆbb| wbGRi Õ¼v^Æ iÞvi ZvwMG` njIGqj A®¬K„c nZÅv Kvwnwb evwbGqwQGjb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: wg^Åv eGj AwZiwéZ KGi AmZÅ I AbÅvGqi AvkÉq wbGq beve wmivRDGóŒjvGK ‰es Zuvi kvmbvgjGK KjwâZ
Kivi RbÅ njIGqj A®¬K„c nZÅv Kvwnwb evwbGqwQGjb|
M DóxcGKi KviRvBGqi kvmGbi mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK ewYÆZ gxi RvdGii kvmGbi w`KwUi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
beve wmivRDGóŒjvGK wmsnvmbPzÅZ KGi evsjvi wmsnvmb Kivqî KGi weËwUk miKvi| gxi RvdiGK ZLb wmsnvmGb emvq jWÆ
KÑvBf| wmsnvmGb emvi ci gxi Rvdi bvggvò beve nq| wK¯§ gƒj ÞgZv ^vGK KÑvBGfi nvGZ|
DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ NUbv ˆ^GK RvbGZ cvwi, AvdMvwbÕ¦vb ˆ^GK ZvGjevb miKvGii cZGbi ci gvwKÆb g`G` nvwg` KviRvBGqi
ˆbZG‡ Z½ bZzb miKvi MwVZ nq| wK¯§ KviRvB wQGjb bvggvò kvmK| gƒj ÞgZv wQj gvwKÆb miKvGii nvGZ| KviRvB miKvi
wQj hÚy ivGÓ¡Çi AbyMZ ‰KwU ZuvGe`vi miKvi| ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKI ˆ`wL cƒeÆ cÉwZkÉ‚wZ Abyhvqx wmivRDGóŒjvi cZGbi ci
gxi Rvdi ÞgZvq AwawÓ¤Z nq| nvwg` KviRvBGqi gGZv gxi RvdiI wQj bvggvò miKvi| me KjKvwV bvoZ jWÆ KÑvBGfi
miKvi| bvggvò ÞgZv w`Gq gƒj ÞgZv wQj weËwUkG`i nvGZ| ‰ w`KwUB DóxcGKi mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mv`†kÅ wbgÆvY
KGi|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi KviRvBGqi kvmGbi mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK ewYÆZ gxi RvdGii kvmGbi w`KwUi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
N DóxcGKi A`†kÅ Bkviv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi weG`wk RvwZ A^Ævr weËwUkG`i ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q|
evwYGRÅi AvKlÆGYB BDGivcxqiv `xNÆKvj cƒGeÆ fviGZ AvGm ‰es KÌgk ‰G`Gki ivRbxwZGZ Zviv ZvG`i AvwacZÅ weÕ¦vGi
mGPÓ¡ nq| gyNj mgËvU RvnvãxGii AbygwZKÌGgB BsjÅvG´£i BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb fviZeGlÆ evwYRÅ KzwV Õ©vcb KGi| axGi axGi
QGj-eGj ˆKŒkGj Zviv fviZeGlÆi ÞgZv `Lj KiGZ ^vGK|
DóxcGK AvdMvwbÕ¦vGbi KviRvB miKvGii K^v eÅÚ nGqGQ| ZvGjevb miKvGii cZGbi ci gvwKÆb g`G` nvwg` KviRvBGqi
ˆbZG‡ Z½ bZzb miKvi MwVZ nq| wK¯§ DÚ miKvi wQj cyZzj miKvi| gƒj ÞgZv wQj hÚy ivGÓ¡Çi miKvGii nvGZ| mewKQy wbq¯¨Y
KiZ hyÚivÓ¡Çxq miKvi|
DóxcK I ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK A`†kÅ Bkviv wQj gƒjZ `yB weG`wk kwÚi nvGZ| ‰KwU nGjv hÚy ivÓ¡Çxq miKvi, AbÅwU BÕ¡
Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb| ÞgZvi wmsnvmGb bvggvò kvmK ewmGq gƒj ÞgZv wbq¯¨Y KiZ Zviv| evwYRÅ Kivi myevG` axGi axGi Zviv
ˆ`Gki ivRbxwZGZ nÕ¦GÞc KiGZ ^vGK| lohG¯¨i gvaÅGg ÞgZv `Lj KGi ˆ`Gki gvbylGK wbq¯¨Y Kivi mgÕ¦ AwaKvi eZÆvq
ZvG`i nvGZ| BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb evwYGRÅi DGóGkÅ AvwjMGii mw®¬ KiGjI Zviv mw®¬i kZÆ fã KGi| DóxcGKi hÚy ivÓ¡Çxq
miKviI BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi gGZvB N†YÅ AvPiY KGiGQ| fvGjvgvbywli ˆLvjGm cÉGek KiGjI BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb I
DóxcGKi hyÚivGÓ¡Çi miKvGii DGókÅ Awf®²| cÉZviYvi gGaÅ w`Gq Õ¼v^Æwmw«¬ I A^ÆjvfB wQj ZvG`i gƒj DGóGkÅ| ZvB ‰ K^v
mZÅ ˆh DóxcGKi A`†kÅ Bkviv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ‰KwU weG`wk RvwZGK ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ DóxcGKi A`†kÅ Bkviv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi weG`wk RvwZ A^Ævr weËwUkG`i ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q|
16
cÉk² 16 MZ eQi ZziGÕ• NGU ˆMGQ ‰KwU eÅ^Æ ˆmbv AfzÅïvb| AwfGhvM iGqGQ, ZziGÕ• ˆmbvevwnbxi ‰KwU wec^Mvgx Ask
hyÚivGÓ¡Ç wbeÆvwmZ ‰KRb weGivax ˆbZvi cGivÞ ˆbZG‡ Z½ ‰B AfzÅïvb NUvGbvi loh¯¨ KGi| ZGe AfzÅïvb ˆPÓ¡vKvGj weG`Gk
AeKvkhvcbKvix ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ wfwWI evZÆvi gvaÅGg ˆ`k ‰es ˆ`Gki MYZ¯¨ iÞvi Avn»vb RvbvGj RbMYB ivÕ¦vq ˆbGg ˆmB
AfzÅïvbGK mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe eÅ^Æ KGi ˆ`q|
K. AvBGb ˆUÇUvGii kvwÕ¦ Kx? 1
L. gxi Rvdi wmsnvmGbi nvZj aGi `uvwoGq ^vGK ˆKb? 2
M. DóxcGK AvGjvwPZ eÅ^Æ ˆmbv AfzÅïvGbi lohG¯¨i welqwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cÉvmv` lohG¯¨i mGã KxfvGe
mvgémÅcƒYÆ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. “RbMY wmivRDGóŒjvi cvGk ‰Gm `uvovGj cÉvmv` loh¯¨ aƒwjmvr nGq evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv AÞzY² ^vKZ”@
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUK I DóxcGKi AvGjvGK g¯¦eÅwUi mZÅZv hvPvB KGiv| 4
16 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K AvBGb ˆUÇUvGii kvwÕ¦ g†ZÅz |
L K‡ZæZvÕ¼i…c KÑvBGfi nvZ aGi wmsnvmGb emvi AvK›Þvq gxi Rvdi gmbG`i cvGk `uvwoGq ^vGK|
ievUÆ KÑvBGfi mvG^ ‰KvñZv ˆcvlY KGi bevGei wei‚G«¬ loh¯¨ KGi gxi Rvdi mdj nGqwQj| bevGei civRq NUGj
AeavwiZfvGe gxi Rvdi evsjvi gmbG` emGe| wK¯§ ˆm gmbG`i nvZj aGi `uvwoGq ^vGK| KviY gxi Rvdi gmb` jvGfi
RbÅ K‡ZæZv cKÉ vk KGi KÑvBGfi nvZ aGi gmbG` emvi AwfcvÉ q MnÉ Y KGi|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ K‡ZæZvÕ¼i…c KÑvBGfi nvZ aGi wmsnvmGb emvi AvK›Þvq gxi Rvdi gmbG`i cvGk `uvwoGq ^vGK|
M DóxcGK ˆmbvevwnbx «v¼ iv ˆ`kweGivax lohG¯¨i mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cÉvmv` lohG¯¨i mv`†kÅ iGqGQ|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK DwgPuv`, RMrGkV, gxi Rvdi, NGmwU ˆeMg wQj ivRcÉvmvG`i ˆjvK| Zviv ˆKD ŠmwbK wQj Avevi ˆKD
cÉvmvG`i KgÆPvix wQj| Zviv bevGei mvgËvGRÅ cÉwZcvwjZ nGqI beveGK ÞgZvPzÅZ Kivi nxb PKÌvG¯¦ wjµ¦ nq|
DóxcGK ˆmbv AfzÅïvbwU DwÍÏwLZ lohG¯¨iB kvwgj| ˆmbvevwnbx DóxcGK ˆ`kwUi iÞK| wK¯§ Zviv weG`Gk AeÕ©vbiZ ‰K
ˆbZvi mvG^ nvZ wgwjGq ivÓ¡ÇcaÉ vbGK ÞgZvPzÅZ Kivi lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nq| Zviv AfzÅïvb NwUGq ˆ`Gki ÞgZv `LGji ˆPÓ¡v KGi|
ˆ`Gki iÞK nGq loh¯¨ Kivi ‰ `†Ó¡v¯¦ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆ`kG`ËvwnG`i KgÆKvíGKB ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q| A^Ævr Dfq
loh¯¨ ‰KB ˆcÉÞvcU I DGóGk msNwUZ nq| DóxcGKi loh¯¨wU cƒYÆZv bv ˆcGjI DGókÅMZ w`K w`Gq gxi RvdiG`i mvG^
mvgémÅcƒYÆ| myZivs DóxcGK loh¯¨wU AvGjvPÅ bvUGK cÉvmv` lohG¯¨i mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ DóxcGK ˆmbvevwnbx «¼viv ˆ`kweGivax lohG¯¨i mvG^ ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi cÉvmv` lohG¯¨i mv`k† Å iGqGQ|
N RbMY wmivRDGóŒjvi cvGk `uvwoGq cÉwZev`x nGq DVGj cÉvmv` loh¯¨ aƒwjmvr nGq evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv AÞYz ² ^vKZ|
beve wmivRDGóŒjv mvg¯¦ beve ˆ^GK RbZvi kwÚGZ RvMÉZ nGq ˆ`kGcÉwgK ˆbZvq cwiYZ nGqwQGjb| RbZv wmivRGK mg^Æb
KiGjI Zviv hy«¬ RvbZ bv| Zviv bevGei cvGk `uvwoGq hGy «¬ AskMÉnY bv KGi gywkÆ`vev` ˆQGo AbÅò PGj hvq|
DóxcGK RbZv ‰GÞGò wecixZ wPò dzwUGq ZzGjGQ| Zviv ivÓ¡ÇcÉavbGK iÞvi RbÅ ivÕ¦vq ˆbGgGQ| ˆ`Gki mgMÉ RbZv
ˆRvoe«¬ nGq loh¯¨KvixG`i civwRZ KGiGQ| ‰GZ ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ ˆhgb iÞv ˆcGqGQb ˆZgwb ivÓ¡ÇI Avm®² Pig wek†›Lj
cwiwÕ©wZi mÁÃyLxb nIqvi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv ˆcGqGQ| ‰GZ cÉgvwYZ nGqGQ cÉwZev`x RbZvi KvGQ wKQy KywUj PwiGòi gvbyGli
PKÌv¯¦ wUKGZ cvGi bv|
DóxcGK ˆh cÉwZev`gLy i RbZv ˆ`Lv hvq, Zv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK cÉGqvRb wQj| bvUGK wbw`ÆÓ¡ wKQy gvbyl cÉwZev` bv KGi
hw` mgMÉ RbZv ˆRGM DVZ ZvnGj JcwbGewkK kwÚ evsjvq kvmb KvGqg KiGZ cviZ bv| AÞzY² ^vKZ evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv|
myZivs cÉGk² DwÍÏwLZ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ RbMY wmivRDGóŒjvi cvGk `uvwoGq cÉwZev`x nGq DVGj cÉvmv` loh¯¨ aƒwjmvr nGq evsjvi Õ¼vaxbZv AÞzY² ^vKZ|
17
cÉk² 17 ‰Kevi we`vq ˆ` gv,
NyGi Avwm|
Igv nvwm nvwm ciGev dvwu m
ˆ`LGe RMrevmx|
‰fvGe weµÏex Þzw`ivg ˆ`Gki RbÅ mvbG±` wbGRi cÉvY wewjGq w`Gjb| Zvui ‰B AvñZÅvM bZzb ‰K BwZnvm m†wÓ¡ Kij|
K. gvwbK Pvu` ˆKvb esGk R¯ÃMÉnY KGib? 1
L. muvGdÌ wmivGRi cGÞ h«y ¬ KGiGQb ˆKb? 2
M. DóxcGKi Þzw`ivGgi mGã ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆKvb exGii cÉwZwjwc dzGU DGVGQ? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3
N. “cÉK‡Z ˆ`kGcÉwgGKiv wbGRi cÉvGYi ˆPGq ˆ`kGK AGbK eo gGb KGi|” DóxcK I wmivRDGóŒjv bvUGKi AvGjvGK
eÚeÅwUi h^v^ÆZv cÉgvY Ki| 4
17 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K gvwbK Pvu` ˆNvl esGk R¯ÃMÉnY KGib
L muvGdÌ wQGjb dÌvG´Öi Awaevmx Avi dÌvG´Öi mvG^ ZLb BsjÅvG´£i «¼±«¼ ˆeuGawQj| ZvB cjvwki hGy «¬ mvGdÌ BsjÅvG´£i wei‚«¬
kwÚ wmivR ‰i cGÞ hy«¬ KGiGQb|
kò‚i kò‚ e®¬yGZ cwiYZ nq| muvGdiÌ kò‚ nj BsjÅv´£ Avi BsjÅv´£ Z^v weËwUkiv wmivGRi kò‚| ZvB muvGdÌ cjvwki hGy «¬
wmivGRi cGÞ h«y ¬ KGiwQGjb|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ muvGdÌ wQGjb dÌvG´Öi Awaevmx Avi dÌvG´Öi mvG^ ZLb BsjÅvG´£i «¼±«¼ ˆeuGawQj| ZvB cjvwki hyG«¬ mvGdÌ BsjÅvG´£i
wei‚«¬ kwÚ wmivR ‰i cGÞ hy«¬ KGiGQb|
M DóxcGKi Þzw`ivGgi mGã “wmivRDGóŒjv” bvUGKi ˆmbvcwZ wgig`vÆ Gbi cÉwZwjwc dzGU DGVGQ|
wgig`Ævb wQGjb beve wmiRDGóŒjvi AZů¦ wek¼Õ¦ ˆmbvcwZ| wZwb ‰KRb cÉK‡Z ˆ`kGcÉwgK I mvnmx exi wQGjb| wZwb wbGRi
RxeGbi wewbgGq nGjI ˆ`kGK kò‚gyÚ KiGZ ˆPGqwQGjb| DóxcGKi Þzw`ivgI Rxeb evwR ˆiGL weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ AvG±`vjb
MGo ˆZvGjb|
DóxcGKi Þzw`ivg weËwUk kvmGbi wei‚G«¬ i‚GL `vuovb| wZwb Rxeb evwR ˆiGL wewUÇkG`i a»sm Kivi RbÅ nvGZ AÕ¨ ZzGj ˆbb|
wK¯§ ‰K chÆvGq wZwb aiv cGob ‰es weËwUk miKvi ZvGK dvwu mGZ SzwjGq g†ZÅz `í ˆ`q| Þzw`ivGgi gGZv mvnwmKZv I
ˆ`kGcÉGgi cwiPq cvIqv hvq ˆmbvcwZ wgig`ÆvGbi PwiGò| cjvwki hGy «¬ AwaKvsk ˆmbvcwZ I AgvZÅMY bevGei mvG^
wek¼vmNvZKZv KiGjI wgig`vÆ b Zvi bxwZ I Av`GkÆi c^ ˆ^GK wePzÅZ nbwb| cjvwki hGy «¬ bevGei civRq wbwøZ ˆRGbI
wZwb Avg†ZÅz bevGei cGÞ h«y ¬ KGi ˆMGQb| ˆ`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv iÞvi RbÅ wZwb cÉvYcÉY ˆPÓ¡v KGib| ‰K chÆvGq ˆMvjvi AvNvGZ
wZwb g†ZzÅeiY KGib| DóxcGKi we͸ex Þzw`ivgI ˆ`Gki RbÅ wbGRi cÉvY wewjGq ˆ`b| ‰GÞGò Þzw`ivg ‰es gxi g`vÆ bGK
ciÕ·Gii cÉwZwjwc ev cÉwZœQwe ejv hvq|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ DóxcGKi Þzw`ivGgi mGã “wmivRDGóŒjv” bvUGKi ˆmbvcwZ wgig`ÆvGbi cÉwZwjwc dzGU DGVGQ|
N ‰KRb cÉK‡Z ˆ`kGcÉwgGKi KvGQ Zvi cÉvGYi ˆPGqI ˆ`Gki gvbyGli ài‚Z½ AGbK ˆewk|
ˆ`kGcÉg gvbyGli mnvRvZ cÉe†wî| ˆ`kGcÉGg D«¼y«¬ gvbyl wbGRi RxeGbi ˆPGqI Zvi ˆ`kGK ˆewk fvjevGmb| ˆ`Gki RbÅ
wbGRi Rxeb wewjGq w`GZI Zviv Kz´¤vGeva KGib bv|
DóxcGK weËwUk kvmGbi bvMcvk ˆ^GK ˆ`kGK gyÚ KiGZ we͸ex Þzw`ivGgi gnvb AvñZÅvGMi wPò dzGU DGVGQ| weËwUk
kvmKG`i AZÅvPvGi fviZevmx AwZÓ¤ nGq IGV| ˆ`kGK weËwUk AckwÚi ˆkvlGYi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv Kivi RbÅ Þzw`ivg nvGZ AÕ¨
ZzGj ˆbb| wewf®² Õ©vGb weËwUk KgÆKZvÆ G`i AvKgÌ Y KGi miKviGK wechÆÕ¦ KGi ˆZvGjb| wK¯§ ‰Kmgq Þzw`ivg aiv cGob|
ˆ`kG`ËvwnZv ‰es weËwUk KgÆKZvÆ G`i nZÅv ˆPÓ¡vi AcivGa ZvGK dvuwm ˆ`Iqv nq| we͸ex Þzw`ivg ˆ`Gki gvbylGK civaxbZvi
k†›Lj ˆ^GK gyÚ Kivi RbÅB wbGRi Rxeb wewjGq w`GqGQb|
‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK Avgiv ˆ`wL wgig`Ævb, ˆgvnbjvj, bvivb wmsn ˆ`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv iÞvi RbÅ cÉvY w`GqGQb| ˆ`kGK Zviv
MfxifvGe fvjGeGmwQGjb eGjB ˆ`Gki RbÅ AKvZGi wbGRi Rxeb wewjGq w`GZ ˆcGiGQb| DóxcGKi Þzw`ivGgi gvGSI
Avgiv cÉej ˆ`kGcÉg ˆ`LGZ cvq| ZvB DóxcGK ‰es AvGjvPÅ bvUGKi AvGjvGK ejv hvq ˆh, cÉK‡Z ˆ`kGcÉwgKiv wbGRi cÉvGYi
ˆPGq ˆ`kGK AGbK eo gGb KGi|
DîGii mvieÕ:§ ‰KRb cKÉ ‡Z ˆ`kGcÉwgGKi KvGQ Zvi cÉvGYi ˆPGqI ˆ`Gki gvbyGli ài‚Z½ AGbK ˆewk|
18
m†Rbkxj cÉk²eÅvsK
Dîi msGKZmn cÉk² M. DóxcGKi jxbv PwiòwU bvUGKi ˆKvb PwiòGK gGb
cÉk² 18 “ewMÆ ‰Gjv LvRbv wbGZ KwiGq ˆ`q? ˆZvgvi DîGii cGÞ PwiòwUi
gvij gvbyl KZ|
cyoj kni, cyoj kÅvgj cÉvmwãKZv hywÚ w`Gq cÉgvY KGiv| 3
MÉvg ˆh kZ kZ|
nvbv`vGii mGã ˆRvGi N. AvRI mgvGRi ˆjvKRb N†YvfGi ˆm NUbv DœPviY
jGo gywÚGmbv,
ZvG`i K^v ˆ`Gki gvbyl KGi@ DóxcK I bvUK AejÁ¼Gb ˆZvgvi gZvgZ
KLGbv fzjGe bv|”
`vI| 4
K. ievUÆ KÑvBf KvGK ˆmiv wekv¼ mNvZK eGjGQb?
L. wmivR ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMGK AZxGZi w`GK ˆPGq ˆ`LGZ 19 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
eGjwQGjb ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| K wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi ‘mgKvj’ cwòKvi mÁ·v`K wQGjb|
M. ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mGã DóxcGKi mv`†kÅ
A (mƒò: ˆiŒ`Ë ˆjGL Rq: kvgmyi ivngvb)
wbYÆq KGiv|
N. “DóxcKwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi Líi…Gci L gvbylGK cybivq HKÅe«¬ KGi BsGiR I ZvG`i ˆ`vmiG`1i
aviK”@g¯¦eÅwUi h^v^ÆZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| wei‚G«¬ jovBGq D«¼y«¬ KiGZ ˆMGj AGbGKi cvwjGq hvIq2v
18 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi cÉmGã beve cÉGk²vÚ K^vwU eGjb| A
A
K ievUÆ KÑvBf DwgPuv`GK ˆmiv wek¼vmNvZK eGjGQb| A
L K‡ZæZvi LvwZGi nGjI ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM ˆhb beve cjvkxi hyG«¬ civwRZ nGq beve wmivRDGóŒjv ivRavbxGZ wdG3i
wmivRDGóŒjvi NvZK nGq bv IGV Zv AbyaveGbi RbÅ beve ‰Gm cybivq ŠmbÅ msMÉn KGi weËwUkG`i wei‚G«¬ jovB PvwjGq
ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMGK AZxGZi w`GK ˆPGq ˆ`LGZ eGjwQGjb | A hvIqvi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| wK¯§ w`GK w`GK ivGRÅi `vwqZ½cÉv4µ¦
wmivRDGóŒjvi Ave»v-AvÁÃv cyòGÕ²Gn ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMGK jvjb- AGbGKi cvjvGbvi K^v QwoGq cGo| ‰ Lei bevGei KvGQ ‰Gj
cvjb KGiGQb| ˆmB ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMB wmivRDGóŒjvGK nZÅv nZvkvMÉÕ¦ gvbylGK Avkvw®¼Z KiGZ wZwb exiGZ½i K^v eGjb| ‰
KiGZ D`ÅZ nq| ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeGMi KvQ ˆ^GK ‰ AvPiY cÉmGãB cjvZKG`i Kvcyi‚l AvLÅv w`Gq wZwb cÉGk²vÚ K^vwU
AcÉZÅvwkZ| ‰ aiGbi ˆbgKnvivwg LyeB cxov`vqK| ZvB beve eGjb|
wmivRDGóŒjv ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeMGK AZxGZi w`GK ˆPGq ˆfGewPG¯¦
KvR KiGZ ejvi gvaÅGg ˆm ˆhb Zvi NvZK bv nq Zv ˆevSvGZ mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
ˆPGqGQb|
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGk²i DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe
mycvi wUcm&: cÉGqvM I DœPZi `ÞZvi cÉGk²i DîGii
RGbÅ Abyi…c ˆh cÉGki² DîiwU Rvbv ^vKGZ nGe M ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeM PwiòwU eÅvLÅv
M ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGK ewYÆZ ˆ`kGcÉwgK gywÚGmbvi ˆ`kG`Ëvnx KGiv|
AvMÉvmx AckwÚi mvG^ jovBGqi w`KwU eÅvLÅv KGiv|
N ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi mvgwMÉKZv weGkÏlY KGiv| N ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi ˆgvnvÁÃw` ˆeGMi N†YÅ KgÆKví
weGkÏlY KGiv|
cÉk² 19 géyi ingvb wbtm¯¦vb| géyGii BœQvq Õ¨xi
ˆQvGUvGevGbi ˆgGq jxbvGK m¯¦vbGÕG² n jvjb-cvjb KGi ‰es AbykxjGbi RbÅ AviI cÉk²
wkwÞZ KGi cÉwZwÓ¤Z KGib géyi `Á·wZ| weGqI ˆ`b ‰K
AvBbRxexi mGã| weGqi ciciB jxbvi AvPiGY cwieZÆb cÉk² 20 Bgivb Pvi eQi aGi ˆmwjg ˆPŒayixi mvG^ KvR
ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| Lvjv-LvjyGK gv-evev ævb KiGjI mÁ·wî nvivGbvi
fGq Õ©vei-AÕ©vei mewKQy wjGL w`GZ PvcvPvwc KiGZ ^vGK| KGi| KvGRi `ÞZv I wek¼vmGhvMÅZvq Lywk nGq ˆmwjg mvGne
cvjK evev-gv ivwR bv nIqvq fvivGU ˆjvK w`Gq Lyb KGi géyi
`Á·wZGK| AvRI mgvGRi ˆjvKRb N†YvfGi ˆm NUbv DœPviY BgivbGK evwoi mKj KvGRi `vwqZ½ AcÆY KGib| BgivbI
KGi| A
gvwjGKi cÉwZ AvbyMZÅ cÉKvk ‰es `vwqZ½kxjZvi RbÅ me
K. wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi ˆKvb cwòKvi mÁ·v`K wQGjb? 1
L. ‘fxi‚ cÉZviGKi `j wPiKvjB cvjvq’@ DwÚwU eywSGq mgq Zvi mdimãx nq| nVvr KGi evRvGi hvevi cG^ ‰K`j
`vI| 2 m¯¨vmx ˆmwjg mvGneGK AvKÌgY KiGj Bgivb ZvG`i wei‚G«¬
i‚GL `uvovq| ‰GZ Þzº¬ nGq m¯¨vmxiv ZvGK nZÅv KGi| g†ZzÅi
AvGM Bgivb ÷ay ˆmwjg mvGneGK eGj, ‘wbGR gGiI hw`
AvcbvGK euvPvGZ cvwi ZvnGjB Avgvi Rxeb abÅ|’ A
K. wmivRDGóŒjvGK nZÅv KGiwQj ˆK? 1
L. ‘Zvi beve nIqvUvB Avgvi gÕ¦ ÞwZ’@ DwÚwUi
ZvrchÆ ˆjGLv| 2
M. DóxcGKi Bgivb PwiòwU ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi
ˆKvb PwiGòi cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGK m¯¨vmxG`i f„wgKv ‘wmivRDGóŒjv’ bvUGKi
AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask 1
jvjmvjy
Šmq` IqvjxDÍÏvn& [1922@1971]
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉGkv² îi
cÉk² 1 gvwbK eG±`ÅvcvaÅvGqi ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ DcbÅvGm c«ÂvcvGoi ˆRGj I gvwSG`i RxebmsMÉvGgi wPò dzGU DGVGQ| ZvG`i
‰Kgvò AejÁ¼b, myL-`ytGLi mv^x c«Âvb`x| RxebmsMÉvgx ‰me ˆRGjG`i gGaÅ KzGei I Zvi mãxG`i RxebvPiY wbGq AvewZÆZ
nGqGQ DcbÅvGmi Kvwnwb| ŠewPòÅnxb ‰KGNGq ZvG`i Rxeb| abéGqi ˆbŒKvq gvQ aGi KzGei I MGYk| gvwjK wnGmGe abéq
ˆbq AGaÆK Avi KzGei I MGYk cvq evwK AGaÆK| ‰Qvov gvGQi msLÅv Kg ˆ`wLGq abéq ZvG`i VKvq| me eyGSI Zviv ˆKvGbv
cÉwZev` KiGZ cvGi bv| ‰B AeÕ©v meÆò, me ˆbŒKvq| kZ kZ ˆbŒKvq kZ kZ KzGei I MGYk kÉg w`Gq gvQ aGi| ‰Kmgq
KzGeiB Kvwnwbi cÉvYGKG±`Ê ‰Gm `uvovq| ˆm-B c«ÂvcvGoi mKj ˆRGj-gvwSG`i cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi| ZvB “c«Âvb`xi gvwS”
bvgKiGYi gaÅ w`Gq JcbÅvwmK Zvi Rxeb-mZÅGKB cwÉ ZÓ¤v w`GqGQ| [Kz. ˆev. 16]
K. “giv gvbyl wR±`v nq KÅvgGb?”@ DwÚwU Kvi? 1
L. ‘mævGb bv RvbGjI Zviv ‰Kvëv, c^ ZvG`i ‰K’@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi abéGqi mvG^ ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` PwiGòi Zzjbv KGiv| 3
N. “DcbÅvGmi bvgKiGYi w`K ˆ^GK ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ Awf®² ˆPZbvi Abymvix”@ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
1 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘giv gvbyl’ wR±`v nq KÅvgGb?@ DwÚwU gwRG`i|
L cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwUGZ gne»ZbMGii `yB cÉfvekvjx eÅwÚ gwR` I LvGjK eÅvcvixi Õ¼vG^Æi KviGY ‰KwòZ nIqvi welqwU ZzGj
aiv nGqGQ|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gne»ZbMi MÉvGgi `yB cÉfvekvjx eÅwÚ gwR` Avi LvGjK eÅvcvix| LvGjK eÅvcvix weÕ¦i RwgRgvi AwaKvix
‰es MÉvGgi gvZe»i| AbÅw`GK, gwR` nGjv ˆgv`vGœQi cxGii gvRvGii LvG`g| LvGjK eÅvcvix mÁ·wî I ÞgZvi ˆRvGi RbMGYi
Ici cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi| Avi gwR` gvbGy li agÆwek¼vmGK cuywR KGi wbGRi cÉfve e†w«¬ KGi| DfGqi DGókÅ ‰KB, Zv nGjv mgvGRi
gvbylGK cÉZviYv I ˆkvlY KGi wbGRG`i Õ¼v^Æ nvwmj Kiv| cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwUGZ ‰ welqwUB DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwUGZ ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` Avi LvGjK eÅvcvixi gvbylGK cÉZviYv I ˆkvlY KGi wbGRG`i Õ¼v^Æ
nvwmj Kivi DGóGkÅi K^v ejv nGqGQ|
M cÉZviYv I Õ¼v^ÆciZvi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi abéGqi mvG^ ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` PwiòwU Zjz bxq|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm gwR` PwiGò cÉZviYv I Õ¼v^ÆciZvi wPò dzGU DGVGQ| ˆm MÉvGgi mnR-mij gvbylG`i agÆxq Abyf„wZGK cwyu R
KGi wbGRi AvGLi ˆMvQvGZ eÅwZeÅÕ¦ nGq IGV| gwR` gne»ZbMGi cyivZb KeiwUGK ˆh ˆgv`vGœQi cxGii gvRvi wnGmGe cÉPvi
KGiGQ, Zv wbQK cÉZviYv Qvov Avi wKQy bq| ‰ Qvov gwR` LvGjK eÅvcvix, AvGgbv, ZvGni-KvG`Gii evc, AvØvGmi mGã
cÉZviYvgƒjK AvPiY KGiGQ| ‰gbwK wRwKi KiGZ KiGZ gwRG`i ævb nvivGbvi welqwUI wbQK cÉZviYv Qvov Avi wKQy bq|
gwR` Zvi Pjvi cG^, msMÉvGgi cG^, wbR Õ¼vG^Æi wei‚G«¬ hv wKQy evav ˆcGqGQ ZvGKB wbtGkl KGiGQ|
DóxcGK ewYÆZ abéGqi ˆbŒKvq gvQ aGi KzGei I MGYk| gvwjK wnGmGe abéq ˆbq AGaÆK Avi KzGei I MGYk cvq evwK
AGaÆK| ‰ Qvov gvGQi msLÅv Kg ˆ`wLGqI abéq ZvG`i VKvq| me eyGSI MGYk I KzGei ˆKvGbv cÉwZev` KiGZ cvGi bv| A^Ævr
abéq ‰KwU cÉZviK I Õ¼v^Æci Pwiò| ‰w`K ˆ^GK abéGqi mGã gwR` PwiòwU Zzjbxq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm gwR` PwiGò cÉZviYv I Õ¼v^ÆciZvi wPò dzGU DGVGQ| DóxcGKi abéqI ‰KwU cÉZviK I
Õ¼v^Æci Pwiò| ‰w`K ˆ^GK abéGqi mGã gwR` PwiòwU Zzjbxq|
N eÚeÅ I Kvwnwbi ˆK±`Êxq welq Abyhvqx iPbvi bvgKiGYi w`K ˆ^GK ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm ‰KB ˆPZbvi
AbymiY Kiv nGqGQ|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm cxikvwmZ MÉvgxY mgvRevÕ¦eZvi wPò DG¯ÃvwPZ nGqGQ| DcbÅvGmi ˆK±`Êxq Pwiò gwR`| ˆm ‰KRb gvRvi
eÅemvqx| gvRviwU wbwgÆZ nGqGQ ‰KwU mvaviY cyivZb KeiGK jvj iGOi mvjy Kvco «¼viv Ave†Z KGi| ‰B gvRvi I jvjmvjyi
ˆgvoGKi AvovGj gwR` mgvGR wbGRi cÉfve eRvq ivLGZ mg^Æ nq| gwRG`i hveZxq kwÚi Drm jvjmvjyGZ Ave†Z gvRviwU|
ZvB ‰LvGb ‘jvjmvjy’ bvgwU ‰KwU cÉZxKx ZvrchÆ enb KGi|
DóxcGK ewYÆZ gvwbK eG±`ÅvcvaÅvGqi ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ DcbÅvGm c«ÂvcvGoi ˆRGj I gvwSG`i RxebmsMÉvGgi wPò dzGU DGVGQ| ZvG`i
‰Kgvò AejÁ¼b myL-`ytGLi mv^x c«Âv b`x| RxebmsMÉvgx ˆRGjG`i mGã KzGeGii Rxeb-wPò DG¯ÃvwPZ nGqGQ DcbÅvmwUGZ| ‰Kmgq
KzGeiB Kvwnwbi ˆKG±`Ê PGj AvGm| ZGe ˆm ‰KB mGã eÅwÚ KzGei ‰es c«Âv b`xi kZ kZ gvwSi cÉwZwbwa| ZvB ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’
bvgKiGYi gaÅ w`Gq JcbÅvwmK KzGeGii Rxeb-mZÅGKB cÉwZÓ¤v KGiGQb| ‰GÞGòI bvgKiGY cÉZxKx eÅébv eÅen†Z nGqGQ|
‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ DcbÅvm ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvm DfqGÞGò ZrKvjxb mgvR-mZÅGK DG¯ÃvPb Kiv nGqGQ| ‰es DfqGÞGòB
ˆK±`Êxq welqwUGK bvgKiGY eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ; hw`I Zv nGqGQ cÉZxKx eÅébvq| ˆmw`K weGePbvq DcbÅvGmi bvgKiGYi w`K
ˆ^GK ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ Awf®² ˆPZbvi Abymvix|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ DcbÅvm ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvm DfqGÞGò ˆK±`Êxq welqwUGK bvgKiGY eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ; hw`I Zv
nGqGQ cÉZxKx eÅébvq| ˆmw`K weGePbvq DcbÅvGmi bvgKiGYi w`K ˆ^GK ‘c«Âvb`xi gvwS’ ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ Awf®² ˆPZbvi Abymvix|
2
cÉk²2 DîivçjGK AGbGKB eGjb, ‘evGnigyÍÏyK’| ˆmB ‘evGnigyÍÏyGKi’ AGbK Õ©vbB wd-eQi wZÕ¦v-eËþcyGòi fqvj fvOGbi
KeGj cGo| ‰B fvObKewjZ M†nnxb gbmyi wgqv mcwievGi PGj hvb my`ƒi `wÞGYi «¼xcvçGj| ˆmLvGb ˆflR wPwKrmGKi ˆckvq
Zuvi A͸w`GbB mybvg nq| RwUj ˆivMxi AvMgb NUGj mivmwi nvmcvZvGj wMGq D®²Z wPwKrmv ˆbIqvi civgkÆ ˆ`b| DcvRÆGbi
cqmvq «x¼ cvçGj wkÞvi AvGjv QovGbvi RGbÅ Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤vi K^vI fvGeb| [P. ˆev. 16]
K. ‘jvjmvjy’ KZ mvGj cÉKvwkZ nq? 1
L. ‘ˆLv`vi ‰GjGg eyK fGi bv Zjvq ˆcU kƒbÅ eGj’@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi weowÁ¼Z Rxeb ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi Kvi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q? AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3
N. “DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi D«¼vÕ§ RxeGbi mvG^ DcbÅvGmi gwR` PwiGòi Šemv`†kÅB AwaK”@ gZvgZmn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
2 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvmwU 1948 mvGj cKÉ vwkZ nq|
L Þzavi AmnÅ h¯¨Yvi KvGQ agÆxq Abyf„wZ wdGK nGq hvq@ cÉGkv² Ú DwÚwUGZ ‰ K^vB ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
gvbyl Õ¼fveZ aGgÆi cÉwZ AbyiÚ| wK¯§ Rxe wnGmGe Zvi LvevGii Pvwn`vB AMÉMYÅ| hvG`i Rwg DeÆi bq, hvG`i dmj AwZe†wÓ¡
ev Abve†wÓ¡GZ bÓ¡ nGq ˆMGQ, ZvG`i A¯¦Gi hZB ˆLv`vfxwZ ^vKzK Avi hZB agÆxq we`Åv ^vKzK, Þzavi KvZiZvi KvGQ ‰Kmgq
me gƒjÅnxb gGb nq| cÉGk²vÚ DwÚwU ‰ mZÅGKB cÉKvk KGiGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘ˆLv`vi ‰GjGg eyK fGi bv Zjvq ˆcU kƒbÅ eGj’@ DwÚwU «¼viv Þzavi wbgÆg h¯¨YvGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
M DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi weowÁZ¼ Rxeb ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwRG`i K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm gwRG`i R¯ÃÕ©vb kmÅnxb, Rbeüj ‰KwU ‰jvKv| ZvB fvGMÅi AG®¼lGY ˆm ˆewiGq cGo ‰es ‰KchÆvGq
gne»ZbMi MÉvGg ‰Gm gvRvi eÅemv ÷i‚ KGi| DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi RxebI ‰gbB weoÁ¼bvcƒYÆ| DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqv
evsjvG`Gki DîivçGji Awaevmx| wZÕ¦v-eËþcGy òi fqsKi fvOGb meÆÕ¼ nvivb wZwb| M†nnxb AeÕ©vq ZuvGK mcwievGi PGj
ˆhGZ nq my`ƒi `wÞGYi «¼xcvçGj| ˆmLvGb wMGq ˆflR wPwKrmGKi ˆckv ˆeGQ wbGq ÷i‚ nq Zuvi RxebmsMÉvg| ‘jvjmvjy’
DcbÅvGmi gwR`I ‰gbB weowÁZ¼ RxeGbi AwaKvix|
DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi gGZv gwR`GKI RxebaviGYi ZvwMG` D«¼vÕ§ Rxeb MÉnY KiGZ nq| MvGiv cvnvo ‰jvKvq ˆm AwZevwnZ
KGi Zvi weowÁ¼Z RxeGbi w«¼Zxq ceÆ| Zvici gwR` AveviI fvGMÅi m®¬vGb ˆei nq| gne»ZbMi MÉvGg ÷i‚ nq Zvi
RxebmsMÉvGgi AvGiKwU ceÆ| ‰LvGb cyiGbv ‰KwU KeiGK ˆgv`vGœQi cxGii Kei wnGmGe DGÍÏL KGi gwR` gvRvi eÅemv ÷i‚
KGi| DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvGKI gwRG`i gGZv weoÁ¼bv ˆcvnvGZ nGqGQ| ‰w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi weowÁ¼Z Rxeb
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` PwiGòi K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi weowÁ¼Z Rxeb ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwRG`i K^v gGb KwiGq ˆ`q|
N weowÁ¼Z I D«¼vÕ§ RxeGbi AwaKvix nIqv mGî½I ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwRG`i D«¼vÕ§ Rxeb ‰es DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi
weowÁ¼Z RxeGbi gGaÅ AGbK Awgj iGqGQ|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` I DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqv `yRbB weowÁ¼Z RxeGbi AwaKvix| `yRbB wbGRi emZwfUv ZÅvM KGi
nGqGQ evÕ§nxb| gwR` evÕ§nxb nGqGQ LvG`Åi AfvGe Avi gbmyi wgqv evÕ§nxb nGqGQb b`xfvOGbi KviGY| `yRbB PGj wMGqGQb
wbGRi evÕ§wfUv ˆ^GK eü`ƒGi| ‰w`K ˆ^GK `yRGbi gGaÅ wgj ^vKGjI AwgjI AvGQ hG^Ó¡|
DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqv RxweKvi ZvwMG` ˆckv wnmvGe ˆeGQ wbGqGQb ˆflR wPwKrmv| AbÅw`GK ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm gwR` Zvi
D«¼vÕ§ RxeGb ˆckv wnGmGe ˆeGQ wbGqGQ gvRvi eÅemv| gwRG`i gvRvi eÅemvq AvGQ fívwg Avi wg^Åv| AbÅw`GK gbmyi wgqv
ˆeGQ wbGqGQb ˆmevgƒjK ˆckv| Avevi gwR` ˆhLvGb cÉMwZweGivax, gbmyi wgqv ˆmLvGb cÉMwZcw¯©|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` Õ¼v^Æv®¬, fí I wg^Åvev`x| AcwiwPZ gvbyGli KeiGK ˆgv`vGœQi cxGii Kei eGj cwiwPwZ KGi gvRvi
eÅemv ÷i‚ KGiGQ ˆm| ˆKvGbv agÆxq ˆPZbv bq, eis wbGRi wUGK ^vKvi welqB gwRG`i KvGQ ài‚Z½ ˆcGqGQ| AbÅw`GK D«¼vÕ§
RxeGbI DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqv mr Rxebhvcb KGiGQb| gvbylGK wZwb ˆflR wPwKrmv w`Gq RbwcÉq nGqGQb| RwUj ˆivMxGK wZwb
nvmcvZvGji wPwKrmv wbGZ eGjb| ‰gbwK MÉvGg Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤vi K^vI ˆfGeGQb| Õ¼v^Æci, fí gwRG`i wecixGZ gbmyi wgqv
‰KRb mr I cÉMwZkxj eÅwÚ| ‰ KviGY ejv hvq, DóxcGKi gbmyi wgqvi D«¼vÕ§ RxeGbi mvG^ DcbÅvGmi gwR` PwiGòi
Šemv`†kÅB ˆewk|
DîGii mvieÕ§: gwRG`i gvRvi eÅemvq AvGQ fívwg Avi wg^Åv| AbÅw`GK gbmyi wgqv ˆeGQ wbGqGQb ˆmevgƒjK ˆckv| ‰ KviGY
ejv hvq, gbmyi wgqvi D«¼vÕ§ RxeGbi mvG^ gwR` PwiGòi Šemv`†kÅB ˆewk|
3
cÉk² 3 gaÅhGy M evsjvi gymwjg bvixmgvR AGbKUvB wcwQGq wQj| wkÞv MÉnGYi myGhvM ˆZv Zviv ˆcZB bv, eis PviG`qvGj
ew±` Rxeb KvUvGZ nGZv| aGgÆi bvGg AaGgÆi ˆemvwZ PvjvGbv nGZv ZvG`i Ici| cyi‚lZvw¯¨K mgvGR meÆ`vB bvixiv wQj
AeGnjvi cvò| wbZv¯¦B üKzg cvjb I NiKbÅv Qvov ZvG`i Avi ˆKvGbv AwaKvi wQj bv| [P. ˆev. 16]
K. MvGiv cvnvo gayciy Mo ˆ^GK KZw`Gbi c^? 1
L. gwR` KxfvGe w`Gbi ci w`b Zvi Avñwek¼vm wdGi cvq? 2
M. “DóxcGKi ewYÆZ welqàGjv iwngvi gGaÅ we`Ågvb”@ g¯¦eÅwUi cGÞ I wecGÞ gZvgZ `vI| 3
N. DóxcGKi ewYÆZ welqàGjv Qvov ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm bvix Aegvbbvi Avi Kx Kx wPò cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ? 4
3 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K MvGiv cvnvo gayciy Mo ˆ^GK wZb w`Gbi c^|
L gvZe»i ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi MÉvGgi mKj chÆvGqi gvbyGli Ici gwRG`i cÉfve ŠZwi nIqvq ˆm w`Gbi ci w`b Avñwek¼vm wdGi cvq|
w`Gb w`Gb gwRG`i cÉfve-cÉwZcwî evGo, mGã mGã mÁÃvbI| ‰gbwK MuvGqi gvZe»iI gwRG`i K^vi Ici K^v eGj bv|
gvRvGii gyLcvò wnGmGe gwRG`i K^v mevB mvMÉGn ˆkvGb| gwRG`i civgGkÆ gvbyl gvGV KvR KiGZ wMGqI Mvb KGi bv| gvbyl
ˆLv`vGK fq KiGZ ÷i‚ KGi| gwR`I ‰me ˆPGqwQj| ZvB w`Gb w`Gb gwR` Avñwek¼vm wdGi cvq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: gvZe»i ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi MÉvGgi mKj chÆvGqi gvbyGli Ici gwRG`i cÉfve ŠZwi nIqvq ˆm w`Gbi ci w`b Avñwek¼vm wdGi
cvq|
M ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvm I DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ejv hvq, ‘DóxcGKi ewYÆZ welqàGjv iwngvi gGaÅ we`Ågvb’@ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi iwngv PwiGòi gGaÅ gaÅhyGMi bvixi RxebevÕ¦eZvi Qvc jÞYxq| iwngv myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi AwaKvix, wK¯§ ˆm Vv´£v ‰es
agÆfxi‚ gvbyl| Õ¼vgx gwRG`i cÉwZ Zvi AMva mÁÃvb, kÉ«¬v I fq| Õ¼vgxi cÉwZ AvbyMZÅ ‰es cÉ^vgGZv Rxebhvòv Zvi AbÅZg ŠewkÓ¡Å|
DóxcGK gaÅhGy Mi gymwjg bvixi RxebwPò DG¯ÃvwPZ nGqGQ| ˆm hGy M ævGb I KGgÆ gymwjg bvixiv AGbK wcwQGq wQj| eÕ§Z
ZvG`i ˆZgb ˆKvGbv Õ¼vaxbZv wQj bv| aGgÆi bvGg ZvG`i Ici bvbv wbhÆvZb PvjvGbv nGZv| ZvG`i evÕ¦eZv ‰gbB wQj ˆh
wbZv¯¦B üKzg cvjb I NiK®²v Qvov AbÅ mKj welGq ZvG`i ˆKvGbv AwaKvi wQj bv ejGjB PGj| Avi ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi
iwngvi PwiGòI IB ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv jÞ Kiv hvq|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi iwngv ‰KRb agÆfxi‚ gvbyl| ZvB ˆm Zvi Õ¼vgx gwR`GK AZů¦ fq cvq| kxYÆ gvbylwUi ˆcQGb gvGQi wcGVi gGZv
gvRviwUi e†nr Qvqv ˆ`GL ˆm| ˆm ˆLv`vGK fq cvq, gvRviGK fq cvq, Õ¼vgx gwR`GKI fq cvq| eÕ§Z Zvi RxeGb gaÅhyGMi bvixG`i
gGZvB ˆKvGbv Õ¼vaxbZv ˆbB| Õ¼vgxi msmvGi NiK®²vi KvRB Zvi RMr| ZvB ejv hvq, DóxcGK ewYÆZ welqàGjv iwngvi gGaÅ we`Ågvb|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi iwngv PwiGòi gGaÅ gaÅhyGMi bvixi RxebevÕ¦eZvi Qvc jÞYxq| eÕ§Z Zvi RxeGb gaÅhyGMi
bvixG`i gGZvB ˆKvGbv Õ¼vaxbZv ˆbB| ZvB ejv hvq, DóxcGK ewYÆZ welqàGjv iwngvi gGaÅ we`Ågvb|
N ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvm ‰es DóxcGK bvixi AegvbbvKi AeÕ©vi wPò ^vKGjI ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm ‰gb wKQy bvix Aegvbbvi
wPò Avgiv cvB, hv DóxcGK ˆbB|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmI DóxcGKi bvixi weoÁ¼bvi wPGòi cÉwZdjb ˆ`wL| ‰Qvov AviI NUbv DcbÅvGm AvGQ, hv DóxcGK AbycwÕ©Z|
ˆhgb DcbÅvGm AvGgbv I nvmywbi gvGqi cÉwZ gwRG`i ˆjvjyc`†wÓ¡ cyi‚lZvw¯¨K mgvGR bvix AegƒjÅvqGbi AvGiKwU fqsKi w`K|
DóxcGK gaÅhyGM bvixi AeÕ©vi K^v ewYÆZ nGqGQ| ˆm hyGM bvixiv wkÞvMÉnGYi myGhvM ˆcZ bv| PviG`qvGj ew±` Rxeb
KvUvGZ nGZv| bvix wQj AeGnjvi cvò| wbZv¯¦B üKzg cvjb I NiK®²v Qvov AbÅ welGq ZvG`i ˆKvGbv AwaKvi wQj bv|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi KvwnwbwPGòI bvixG`i ‰i…c AeÕ©vi w`KwU jÞYxq|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm gwR` AZů¦ aƒZÆ I iÞYkxj ‰KwU Pwiò| ˆh bvixGK jvjmvi eÕ§ ‰es cyi‚Gli AbyMvgx wnGmGeB ˆ`LGZ
Pvq| Zvi RxebwPGòI ‰ gvbwmKZvi cÉwZdjb ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰ KviGYB cÉ^g Õ¨x iwngv ^vKGZI w«¼Zxq Õ¨x wnGmGe ˆm RwgjvGK weGq
KGiGQ, Zvi Ici bvbv wbhvÆ Zb PvwjGqGQ| ‰gbwK wbiciva AvGgbv weweGK LvGjK eÅvcvix ZvjvK w`GqGQ| AbÅw`GK ZvGni-
KvG`Gii evc wbGRi ˆgGqi MvGq nvZ ZzGjGQ| eÕ§Z ‰ mKj bvix wbhvÆ ZGbi wPò Avgiv DcbÅvGm cvB, wK¯§ DóxcGK Zv
AbycwÕ©Z| ˆmGÞGò cÉGk²vÚ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvm ‰es DóxcGK bvixi AegvbbvKi AeÕ©vi wPò ^vKGjI ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm ‰gb wKQy bvix
Aegvbbvi wPò Avgiv cvB, hv DóxcGK `k† Ågvb bq|
4
cÉk²4 iZbcyi MÉvGgi ˆZvZv wgqv AGbKUv mnR-mij cÉK‡wZi| wcZvi ˆiGL hvIqv RwgRgv iÞv ‰es mgvGRi cÉ^vMZ gvZe»wi
Kivi `vwqZ½ ZvGKB cvjb KiGZ nq| ‰ KvGR ˆm PZzi ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vGii mnGhvwMZv ˆbq| iZbcyi MÉvGgi ˆjvGKiv ‰Lb ˆgÁ¼viGKB
fq cvq| gvZe»i ejGZ Zviv ˆgÁ¼viGKB ˆevGS, cÉGqvRGb Zviv ˆgÁ¼vGii civgkÆ MÉnY KGi| ‰Kmgq ˆgÁ¼vGii KzcivgGkÆ ˆZvZv wgqv
Zvi AGbK wcÉq emZevwo I evMvbevwo ˆgÁ¼vGii wbKU weKÌq KGi Amnvq nGq cGo|
K. Kvi DwÚwU `yB w`GK KvGU? [h. ˆev.; wm. ˆev. 16]
1
L. “eÅvcviUv ˆNvov wWwOGq Nvm LvIqvi gGZv|”@ eywSGq `vI| 2
M. DóxcGKi ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vGii mvG^ gwR` PwiGòi wgj I Awgj ˆ`LvI| 3
N. “DóxcGKi ˆZvZv wgqv ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi LvGjK eÅvcvix `yRGbiB cwiYwZ ˆe`bven|”@ wePvi KGiv| 4
4 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K gwRG`i DwÚwU `yB w`GK KvGU|
L gwR`GK ev` w`Gq AvIqvjcyGii cxGii KvQ ˆ^GK cvwbcov Avbvi RGbÅ LvGjK eÅvcvixi wbG`Æk cÉmGã ajv wgTv ‰ K^v
ˆfGeGQ|
Õ¨x AvGgbv wewei AvKv›Þv cƒiGYi RGbÅ LvGjK eÅvcvix ajv wgTvGK wbG`Æk ˆ`q| ajv wgTvi KvQ ˆ^GK gwR` ˆm K^v RvbGZ
ˆcGi ˆiGM hvq| eDGqi LvwZGi eÅvcvix gwRG`i wbG`ÆGki eiGLjvd KGi VK-cxGii KvGQ ˆjvK cvVvGe covcvwb Avbvi RGbÅ,
ˆmUv gwRG`i cQ±`mB bq| ZvB ajv wgTviI gGb nq, eÅvcvix ˆh KvR KGiGQ ˆmUv ˆNvov wWwOGq Nvm LvIqvi gGZv|
DîGii mvieÕ§: gwR`GK ev` w`Gq AvIqvjcyGii cxGii KvQ ˆ^GK cvwbcov Avbvi RGbÅ LvGjK eÅvcvixi wbG`Æk cÉmGã ajv wgTv
‰ K^v ˆfGeGQ|
M PvZzhÆ I KcUZvi w`K ˆ^GK ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwRG`i mGã DóxcGKi ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vGii wgj ^vKGjI agÆmswkÏÓ¡ welGq
ZvG`i gGaÅ Awgj eZÆgvb|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm gwR` PwiGò PvZzhÆ I KcUZv dzGU DGVGQ| gne»ZbMi MÉvGg ˆm AvM¯§K nGjI wbGRi PvZzGhÆ ˆm gvZe»i
LvGjK eÅvcvixi AvÕ©vfvRb nGqGQ| gne»ZbMGii gvbyGli wePvGi hw`I LvGjK eÅvcvixi gyL ˆ^GK wm«¬v¯¦ AvGm, Zey ˆm
wm«¬v¯¦ eÕ§Z gwRG`i| LvGjK eÅvcvix gwRG`i Ici wbfÆi KGi| gwR` ˆmB AvÕ©vGK KvGR jvwMGq KÌgk LvGjK eÅvcvixi
RxebGK wec®² KGi ˆZvGj| ZvGK w`Gq ˆRvi KGi AvGgbv weweGK ZvjvK ˆ`Iqvq|
DóxcGKi ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vGii Ici fimv KGi ˆZvZv wgqv| wK¯§ ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vi KÌgk gvZe»i nGq IGV| PvZzhÆ I KcUZvi AvkÉq
wbGq ˆZvZv wgqvGK meÆÕ¼v¯¦ KGi| ˆZvZv wgqvGK Zvi wbGRi mÁ·wî ˆgÁ¼vGii KvGQ ˆePGZ evaÅ KGi| ‰UvB gwR` I ˆKve»v`
ˆgÁ¼vGii cÉavb wgj| ZGe agÆmswkÏÓ¡ welGq ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vGii mGã gwRG`i Awgj eZÆgvb| ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vi VK I cÉZviK nGjI
agÆGK ˆm wbGRi AvGLi ˆMvQvGbvi KvGR eÅenvi KGi bv| cÞv¯¦Gi gwRG`i cÉavb nvwZqvi Zvi gvRvi eÅemv| gvRvi I gvbyGli
agÆxq Abyf„wZi welqwUGK h^vh^fvGe wbGRi cÉGqvRGb eÅenvi KGi| agÆGK nvwZqvi wnGmGe eÅenvi KGiB ˆm gne»ZbMGii
gvbyGli Ici wbGRi KZ‡ÆZ½ AvGivc KGiGQ| ‰ w`KwUGZ ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vGii mGã gwRG`i Awgj jwÞZ nq|
DîGii mvieÕ§: PvZzhÆ I KcUZvi w`K ˆ^GK ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwRG`i mGã DóxcGKi ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vGii wgj ^vKGjI agÆmswkÏÓ¡
welGq ZvG`i gGaÅ Awgj eZÆgvb|
N “DóxcGKi ˆZvZv wgqv ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi LvGjK eÅvcvix `yRGbiB cwiYwZ ˆe`bven”@ DóxcK I ‘jvjmvjy’
DcbÅvGmi AvGjvGK g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
LvGjK eÅvcvix gne»ZbMi MÉvGgi gvZe»i| cÉf„Z mnvq-mÁ·wîi AwaKvix| gne»ZbMi MÉvGg gwR` cÉ^Gg Zvi evwoGZ IGV|
gwRG`i gvRvi cÉwZÓ¤vq LvGjK eÅvcvixi mg^Æb I mvnvhÅ weGklfvGe DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| ‰gbwK gwR` gne»ZbMGi ˆh cÉfve weÕ¦vi
KGiGQ ZvGZ LvGjK eÅvcvixi mvnvhÅ I Ae`vb Kg bq| wK¯§ ˆkl ch¯Æ ¦ LvGjK eÅvcvixI gwRG`i K„UGKŒkGji KvGQ chÆ`y Õ¦ nq|
aGgÆi ˆ`vnvB w`Gq LvGjK eÅvcvixGK Zvi Õ¨x AvGgbv ˆ^GK wewœQ®² KGiGQ gwR`| DcbÅvGmi ˆkGl ˆ`wL, LvGjK eÅvcvix Rxeb
mÁ·GKÆ nZvkvMÉÕ¦|
DóxcGKi ˆZvZv wgqvI AGbKUv ‰KB iKg cwiwÕ©wZi wkKvi| ˆm Zvi gvZe»wii mnGhvMx wnGmGe ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼viGK MÉnY
KGi| wK¯§ PvZzhÆ I KcUZvi gvaÅGg ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼viB ‰Kmgq gvZe»Gi cwiYZ nq| ‰gbwK ‰KchÆvGq ˆgÁ¼vGii KzcivgGkÆ
ˆZvZv wgqv Zvi wcÉq emZevwo I evMvbevwo ˆgÁ¼vGii wbKU weKÌq KGi Amnvq nGq cGo|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvm ‰es DóxcGK LvGjK eÅvcvix I ˆZvZv wgqv cÉ^g chvÆ Gq AeÕ©vmÁ·®² eÅwÚ| MÉvGgi gvZe»i Zviv| ZGe Zviv
`yRbB hvG`iGK mnGhvwMZv KGiwQj ˆmB gwR` LvGjK eÅvcvixGK ‰es ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vi ˆZvZv wgqvGK chy`Æ Õ¦ I wiÚ KGiGQ| ZvB
DóxcGKi ˆZvZv wgqv ‰es ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi LvGjK eÅvcvixi cwiYwZ nGjv, `yRbB ZvG`i mnGhvMxG`i wek¼vm KGi VGKGQ|
cwiYwZGZ ˆZvZv wgqv ˆhgb meÆÕ¼ nvwiGq wbtÕ¼ nGqGQ, ˆZgwb DcbÅvGmi LvGjK eÅvcvixI nvwiGqGQ Zvi `xNÆw`Gbi Rxebmwãbx
cÉ^g Õ¨xGK| ˆmw`K weGePbvq cÉGk²vÚ g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvm ‰es DóxcGK LvGjK eÅvcvix I ˆZvZv wgqv AeÕ©vmÁ·®² eÅwÚ| ZGe Zviv `yRbB hvG`iGK
mnGhvwMZv KGiwQj ˆmB gwR` LvGjK eÅvcvixGK ‰es ˆKve»v` ˆgÁ¼vi ˆZvZv wgqvGK chÆy`Õ¦ I wiÚ KGiGQ| ˆmw`K weGePbvq cÉGkv² Ú
g¯¦eÅwU h^v^Æ|
5
cÉk² 5 AeÕ©vc®² K‡lK Rwgi Dwób Zvi ˆQGjGK WvÚvi evbvGbvi BœQvq knGi coGZ cvVvq| ˆkl chƯ¦ Zvi ˆQGj dvnv`
WvÚvwi cvm KGi evevi Avkv cƒiY KGi| dvnvG`i BœQv, MÉvGgi Amnvq I `yÕ© ˆivMxG`i wPwKrmvGmev w`Gq myÕ© KGi ˆZvjv
‰es ZvweR-KeR, Svo-dzuK cÉf‡wZ A®¬wek¼vm I KzmsÕ•vi nGZ MÉvgevmxGK gyÚ Kiv| wK¯§ MÉvGgi gmwRG`i Bgvg dGZn Avjx
eÅvcviUv wVK cQ±` KGib bv| dvnvG`i evevI Pvb bv, ˆQGj MÉvGg emevm Ki‚K| ZGe Wv. dvnv` ˆhGKvGbv gƒGjÅ Zvi BœQv
cƒiGY `†pcÉZÅqx| [wm. ˆev. 16]
K. ZvGni-KvG`Gii ˆQvU fvB Kx nGZ Pvq? 1
L. ‘‰Lb ˆm SGoi gyGL DGo Pjv cvZv bq, mœQjZvq wkKo Mvov e†Þ’@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. DóxcGKi dvnv` PwiGòi mGã ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi ˆKvb Pwiò, KxfvGe Zzjbxq? 3
N. “DóxcGKi dGZn Avjx ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` PwiGòi AvswkK cwÉ ZwbwaZ½ KGi”@ ˆZvgvi gZ cÉKvk KGiv| 4
5 bÁ¼i cÉGki² Dîi
K ZvGni-KvG`Gii ˆQvU fvB ˆKivqv bvGqi (fvovq PGj ‰gb ˆbŒKv) gvwS nGZ Pvq|
L cÉGk²vÚ K^vwUi gvaÅGg gwRG`i RxeGbi AZxZ cwiwÕ©wZi mGã eZÆgvb cwiwÕ©wZi cv^ÆKÅ ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` gmwRG` hvIqvi cG^ Zvi AZxZ RxeGbi K^v gGb cGo hvq| `k ev evGiv eQi AvGM ‰K wbtÕ¦º¬
kÉveGYi `ycyGi ˆm gne»ZbMi MÉvGg cÉGek KGiwQj| ZLb ˆm wQj fvMÅvG®¼lx I `yÕ© ‰KRb gvbyl| wK¯§ AvR ˆm ˆRvZ-Rwg,
mÁÃvb-cÉwZcwîi gvwjK| eQiàGjv fvGjvB ˆKGUGQ Zvi; nqGZv fwelÅGZI ‰gbB KvUGe| ZvB wbGRi eZÆgvb AeÕ©v mÁ·GKÆ
ˆevSvGZB gwR` cÉGkv² Ú K^vwU ˆfGeGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: cÉGk²vÚ K^vwUi gvaÅGg gwRG`i RxeGbi AZxZ cwiwÕ©wZi mGã eZÆgvb cwiwÕ©wZi cv^ÆKÅ ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
M MÉvgxY gvbyGli KjÅvGY KvR Kivi AvKv›Þvi w`K ˆ^GK DóxcGKi dvnv` PwiGòi mGã ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi AvØvm
PwiòwU Zzjbxq|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi AvØvm KwigMé Õ•zGj covGkvbv KGiGQ| ˆm gne»ZbMi MvÉ Gg Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ AvMÉnx| wkÞvi gvaÅGg
gvbylGK mGPZb KGi ˆZvjvB Zvi DGókÅ| wK¯§ wbGRi Õ¼vG^Æv«¬vi nGe bv ˆfGe AvØvGmi Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤vq weGivwaZv KGi fícxi
gwR`| gwRG`i weGivwaZvi KviGY AvØvm Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ eÅ^Æ nGqGQ| wK¯§ gvbyGli KjÅvY Kvgbvq ˆm gwRG`i Õ•zGji
cwieGZÆ gmwR` cwÉ ZÓ¤vi wm«¬vG¯¦i cÉwZev` KGiGQ|
DóxcGKi dvnvG`i BœQv MÉvGgi Amnvq I `yÕ© ˆivMxG`i wPwKrmvGmev w`Gq myÕ© KGi ˆZvjv| ZvweR-KeR, Svo-duyK cÉf‡wZ
A®¬wek¼vm ˆ^GK ˆm gvbylGK gyÚ KiGZ Pvq| ‰ welGq Zvi weGivwaZv KGi gmwRG`i Bgvg dGZn Avjx| ‰gbwK Zvi evevI
Pvq, ˆm MÉvg ˆ^GK PGj hvK| wK¯§ ‰GZ ˆm `Gg hvq bv, eis `†pGPZv dvnv` ˆhGKvGbv gƒGjÅ MÉvgevmxi KjÅvGY e«¬cwiKi|
ZvB ejv hvq, DóxcGKi dvnvG`i gGZv AvGjvPÅ DcbÅvGmi AvØvmI RbGmevgƒjK KvR KiGZ wMGq weGivwaZvi gyGLvgywL nq,
hv ZvG`iGK ‰K KGi ZzGjGQ|
DîGii mvieÕ§: DóxcGKi gwiqGgi m¯¦vbKvgbv AZ‡µ¦ ^vKGjI DcbÅvGmi iwngvi gvZ‡n†`q gwRG`i w«¼Zxq Õ¨x Rwgjvi mvw®G² aÅ
wKQyUv cwiZ‡wµ¦ jvf KGiGQ|
N cÉMwZweGivax AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK DóxcGKi gmwRG`i Bgvg dGZn Avjxi ˆh cwiPq Avgiv cvB Zv ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGm wPwòZ
gwR` PwiGòi ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ w`KGK DG¯ÃvPb KGi|
‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwRG`i gvGS dGZn Avjxi gGZv cÉMwZ weGivwaZv jÞ Kiv hvq| gwR` wbGRi Õ¼vG^Æi K^v ˆfGe AvØvGmi
Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤vi gGZv BwZevPK DG`ÅvM i‚GL ˆ`q| Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤v nGe wK bv ˆm-welqK mfvq ˆm Õ•zGji welqwUGK bvKP KGi
cvKv gmwR` wbgÆvGYi RGbÅ gvbylGK D«¼y«¬ KGi|
DóxcGKi dGZn Avjx ‰KRb gmwRG`i Bgvg| ˆmI ‰KRb cÉMwZweGivax gvbyl| dvnvG`i wPwKrmvGmev ˆ`Iqvi gGZv
RbGmevgƒjK KvRGK ˆm fvGjv ˆPvGL ˆ`GL bv| ˆm Pvq, ZvweR-KeR, Svo-dzuK cÉf‡wZGZ gvbyGli wek¼vm ^vKzK| dGZn Avjxi
‰i…c gGbvfvGei w`KwU ‘jvjmvjy’ DcbÅvGmi gwR` PwiGòi gvGSI weGklfvGe cwijwÞZ nq|
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