Proceeding Department of Cultural Anthropology ISBI Bandung

THE APPLICATION OF MISE EN SCENE IN GUNDALA FILM

I Komang Arba Wirawan 1, Nyoman Lia Susanthi 2, Made Rai Budaya Bumiarta 3
1,2,3 Television and Film Program Study, Faculty of Arts and Design,
Indonesian Arts Institute of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

The Indonesian action films has achieved a historical record in 2019. The superhero film, Gun-
dala (2019), becomes a new record in Indonesian cinema that can compete with America’s
Hollywood superhero film, which dominates Indonesian cinema. The movie was inspired by a
legend of the local spiritual figure Ki Ageng Selo which was believed to catch lightning. Hence,
the name Gundala was taken from the word gundolo, which means lightning. Gundala is a
character created by comic artist Hasmi (1969). Gundala has succeeded to be a counter-dis-
course of the Hollywood film. With an exciting back-and-forth plot, conflict created by Joko
Anwar as the director and scriptwriter. The primary data for this research was the Gundala
film. The film was analyzed with the theory of counter-discourse (Foucault), and the theory of
Mise En Scene film (Roland Barthes) to describe the visual aspects. The research method was
a descriptive qualitative analysis of the Gundala forming elements and structures to subvert
the dominant discourse of Hollywood superhero films. This research is expected that comics
which contains local wisdom can be explored as a source of the superhero genre film creation.
Hollywood’s dominance of national films can be minimized by increasing the quality of the In-
donesian superhero film genre.

Keywords: Mise En Scene, Gundala Film, superhero, Indonesian cinema

Abstrak

Film laga Indonesia mencatat rekor sejarah di tahun 2019. Film superhero Gundala (2019) bisa
menjadi rekor dan wacana untuk menyaingi film superhero Amerika Hollywood yang mendom-
inasi perfilman Indonesia. Terinspirasi dari sosok spiritual Ki Ageng Selo. Menurut legenda,
Ki Ageng Selo dipercaya dapat menangkap kilat. Oleh karena itu, nama Gundala diambil dari
kata gundolo yang berarti kilat. Gundala adalah karakter yang diciptakan oleh komikus Hasmi
(1969). Gundala berhasil menjadi counter-discourse film Hollywood. Dengan alur maju mun-
dur yang seru, konflik diciptakan oleh Joko Anwar sebagai sutradara dan penulis naskah. Data
primer untuk penelitian ini adalah film Gundala. Film ini dianalisis dengan teori counter-dis-
course (Foucault), dan teori film Mise En Scene (Roland Barthes) untuk menggambarkan as-
pek visualnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif terhadap
unsur dan struktur pembentuk Gundala untuk menumbangkan wacana dominan film superhero
Hollywood. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan komik atau kearifan lokal dapat digali sebagai
salah satu sumber penciptaan film bergenre superhero. Dominasi film nasional Hollywood bisa
diminimalisir dengan meningkatkan kualitas film bergenre superhero Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Mise En Scene, Film Gundala, superhero, film Indonesia

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INTRODUCTION Gundala film (2019), comes as a form of
There are several studies related to su- new cultural expression in the indonesian cin-
ema universe. Gundala is an Indonesian su-
perhero films, Aulia (2017), Lukman (2020), perhero film based on local wisdom. Gundala
Rachmat (2020), reviewing the representation is also a cultural strategy in the field of cinema
of superhero costumes in the film “Gundala” compared to other superhero films. Superhero
and the success of “The Avengers”. Advanc- Gundala comes with a uniqueness by explor-
es in digital technology of superhero movies ing the myths of local wisdom. The potential
are accelerating in the pattern of production, to explore the mythical wealth of the archi-
distribution of consumption and dominance of pelago for film production is still not widely
films in the world (Ferninaindis et al., 2020). done. Myths, novels, comics and oral literacy
There are several studies related to superhero of the archipelago are sources of local wisdom
films, Aulia (2017), Lukman (2020), Rachmat are still wide open to be created and explored.
(2020), reviewing the representation of super- One of the myths “Gundolo” (Javanese) or
hero costumes in the film “Gundala” and the Gundala is a character created by comic Harya
success of “The Avengers”. Advances in digi- Suraminata (Hasmi) in 1969. He was inspired
tal technology of superhero movies are accel- by the spiritual figures and ancestors of the
erating in the pattern of production, distribu- kings of the Mataram Sultanate, Ki Ageng
tion of consumption and dominance of films Selo. In his legendary history, Ki Ageng Selo
in the world (Ferninaindis et al., 2020). The is believed to be able to catch lightning. The
dominance of Hollywood superhero films in name Gundala is taken from the word gundolo
the world became the highest-grossing films which means lightning.
such as captain America: Civil War. Mar-
vel-Disney (2016) grossed $15 trillion, with a Gundala movie legend with good mise en
production cost of $3 trillion. This data shows scene application can be side by side with Hol-
the dominance of Hollywood films with a lywood superhero movies. Gundala film dis-
large audience so that it earns up to five times sected three structures; first one small part of
the revenue. This dominance shows quali- a long series of images (shot), second; A short
ty Hollywood film production dominates the segment of the entire story that shows a con-
world cinema market, including Indonesia. tinuous action bound by space, time, content
The film audience in Indonesia is more in- (story), theme, character, or motif (schene) is
terested in menoton foreign films, especially a scene generally consisting of several inter-
Hollywood productions. When a pandemic hit connected shots. Third; A large segment that
the world moviegoers turned to paid platforms shows a complete event. One sequence gener-
like Netflix, and Video, as a medium to satisfy ally consists of several interconnected scenes,
audiences in private spaces. (sequences).

Hope film works that can host in their own Gundala’s film was analyzed with the film
country are explored which is sourced from theory mise en scene (Roland Barthes) to de-
comics by the nation’s children. The applica- scribe the visual aspects in the frame. Depic-
tion of Mise En Scene in the film Gundala, tions of acting, lighting, setting, and costume
this country needs pariot aired in 2019 to be that strengthen the visual character in the
evidence of the work of the nation’s children. frame.

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METHOD dala, computer, internet, (YouTube) flatform
One of the important components in con- steraming Netflix.

ducting research requires the right methodol- RESULT AND DISCUSSION
ogy so that it makes it easier for the research Gundala is an original superhero created
team to conduct the process of collecting data,
lysing and presenting the results of data anal- by Harya Suraminata, known as Hasmi. First
ysis. The methodology used in this study is: present in a comic entitled Gundala Putera Pe-
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), CDA is tir in 1969, the era in which Indonesian com-
used to dissect the counter discourse on gun- ics first succeeded in their own country. Until
dala films to provide a critical and scientific 1982, there were 23 Gundala comics that were
analysis of how the dominance of super hero successfully published, the entire character
holywood films produced by Marvel and DC. was inspired by the ancestors of the Mataram
kingdom named Ki Ageng Sela. In addition to
In accordance with the background of Gundala, Hasmi also created the characters of
the research, this research is designed based Prince Mlaar, Sembrani, Merpati, Aquanus, as
on the purpose of the research, namely to an- well as Maza and Jin Katurbi. Gundala’s cos-
swer the formulation of the problem posed. tume is inspired by the character The Flash,
Explicitly the purpose of the study is to ana- by Garderner Fox-DC Comics.
lyze the discourse of the match and Mise En
Scene in the film Gundala. This research uses Figure 1. RA Kosasih (Hasmi), creator of
qualitative methods. Qualitative research is Gundala Film adaptation gundala son of light-
naturalistic or natural inquiry research, eth- ning (1969) and Gundala: This country needs
nography, symbolic interactionist, in-insider
perspective, ethnometodelogy, the Chicago patriots (2019).
school, phenomenologist, case study, inter- (Source: https://www.kompas.com/tren/
pretive, ecological, and descriptive (Moleong, read/2019/08/29/152734165/mengenal-harya-has-
2017:2). Theoretically this research will be mi-suraminata-komikus-di-balik-gundala-putra-pe-
studied using the theory of counter discourse
(Foucault) and the film theory Mise en Scene tir?page=all)
(Roland Barthes) applied ecletically.
Actually Raden Ahmad Kosasih or RA
This research mechanism is designed Kosasih was the first person to introduce this
based on research objects and goal oriented genre in comics with the title Sri Asih in 1954,
of research objectives designed and imple- this character will later be raised in the film
mented systematically. The research location by Bumilangit. Followed by comic John Lo
in Denpasar by analyzing gundala films that with the characters Roxar, Putri Bintang and
aired netflik flatform streaming service. This Garuda Putih. Komikus Taguan Hardjo who
type of research data is qualitative and quan- created the Captain Yani Saga, the presence
titative. Methods of data collection with ob-
servation and documentation techniques. The
subject of the study was the film Gundala air-
ing on flatform streaming services Netflix and
Youtube. This research instrument film Gun-

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of Gundala Putera Petir comics in 1969 raised Figure 2. Joko Anwar, Sutradara Gundala,
a new generation of nusantara comics. There- (Source: Sumber: https://www.instagram.com/p/
fore RA Kosasih is referred to as the father of
Indonesian Comics and Hasmi was given the CRDzNlUh03u/?utm_medium=copy_link).
nickname as “Stan Lee of Indonesia.
“Apakah saya bersenang dalam berkreasi dan
The journey to Film Gundala in 2018 was eksplorasi…ya…saya membuat film tidak
formed by a company PT. Screenplay Bu- mau berada di zone nyaman. Kadang-kadang
milangit Production (SBP) Gundala in Bu- kita sebagai pembuat film.. satu karya kita kel-
milangit Cinematic Universe has similarity uar, dan itu kuat dan berhasil…bisa dikatakan
to Storm in Marvel Cinematic Universe and berhasil…penonton memberikan kita label…
The Flash in DC Cinematic Universe (Saptan- Misalnya, kita bikin film nasionalis atau reli-
to & Dewi, 2020). Gundala in the Bumilangit gi. Ketika film itu diterima oleh orang banyak,
Cinematic Universe has similarities to Storm penonton akan mencap kita sebagai pembuat
in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and The film yang nasionalis atau pembuat film relegi.
Flash in the DC Cinematic Universe. Collab- Kalau misalnya saya sebagai kreator seni….
orators: Ideosource Entertament, Legacy Pic- nyaman dengan label yang diberikan mas-
tures, The other Bumilangit movies such as yarakat..saya akan stay di situ…dan untuk
Sri Asih, Godam, and Tira, Si Buta dari Gua perfilman nasional khazanahnya juga tidak
Hantu, Patriot Taruna, Mandala dan Patriot. akan berkembang. Padahal khasanah film
In 2019, Bumilangit launched its first super- yang berkembang dan eksloratif dibutuhkan
hero title Gundala: This country needs patriots suasana penonton tetap mau menonton film
directed by Joko Anwar. The main character Indonesia”
of Gundala is Abimana Arysatya. Gundala is
a sancaka he gets his power from lightning The above statement of Joko Anwar as a
strikes. Unlike the comics and films Gundala director does not want to be comfortable in
son of Lightning (1981), the main character thezone, only stamped as a certain film pro-
is a scientist, in the film Gundala (2019) is a duction only, it takes exploratory treasures
security guard. Gundala (2019): This country so that Indonesian audiences want to watch
needs patriots to have three main enemies, Indonesian films. This statement can be said
namely Ghazul, Pengkor, and Ki Wilawuk. as a counter discourse / counter discourse to
Pengkor presents as Gundala’s great enemy the production of Hollywood super hero films
in the successful 2019 film as a hegemony circulating in Indonesian cinemas. Gundala
of Hollywood superhero movies or coloring movies can subvert the dominant discourse
native Indonesian superhero films. Here is an of Hollywood superheroes, especially Marvel
interview obtained on director Joko Anwar’s and DC comics two of the world’s great comic
Instagram account related to gundala produc- publicists.
tion: The country needs patriots (2019), stat-
ing that making a film does not want to be in a
comfortable zone, as stated below;

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CONCLUSION audience inevitably presented to an offer that
Gundala: Negeri Ini Butuh Patriot (2019) gundala character is the protagonist in this
film.
Is a film made by Joko Anwar, which is based
on the character created by Comic Hasmi in This expectation is not excessive, because
the 70s. Currently the license of this charac- in the framework of the audience’s imagina-
ter IP is owned by Bumilangit Intertainment, tion, with references, Gundala is a superhe-
which simultaneously acquires hundreds of ro who is able to defeat evil, as previously
IP native Indonesian superhero characters. rubbed from Hasmi Comics. The jargon of
Gundala film is planned as a prototype of the this country needs Patriots seems to reinforce
presence of the hero Bum Langit as a cine- that. While watching the film, the audience
matic universe or universe as in the world has was treated to a childhood scene of Gundala
known the Marvel Cinematic universe and who, although different from hasmi’s version,
DC Universe. was able to give the audience sympathy sug-
gestions to gundala, the son of a defender of
As a prototype, Gundala (although it will justice, a labor rights fighter who was killed
be related to sequels, prequels, or later se- by a capital.
ries), is, however, a single film that will be
the starting point for future productions. So it Gundala, if in this film becomes the Pro-
is interesting to look at this film as a unit of tagonist, he is faced with a very powerful
film that can be a counter hegemony / counter antagonist as well, namely Pengkor. Antago-
discourse (Foucault), Hollywood superhero nist, of course, the character who spread the
films, especially Marver and DC comics. protagonist’s purpose (Egri: 113) After be-
ing abandoned by his parents, Sancaka, gun-
When we see this film in a single story, dala’s little name, lives on. Not told how he
of course we are talking in a narrative dimen- lived in the land, in the end he worked as a
sion. This dimension is important because in security guard who then dealt with market
it we will talk about the character, the conflict thugs who disturbed people who lived in his
that hit him, the desired purpose of the charac- boarding house. In this conflict, Gundala on
ter to escape the snare of his conflict and also one occasion, who despite previously shown
talk about the universe or Mise En Scene from symptoms, suddenly had the strength caused
gundala characters. by lightning strikes. With his strength Gun-
dala was finally able to dispel market thugs
Character is the unity of form in which the who disturbed his environment. An event that
embodiment of fission, social mentality, psy- is accidental and in no way related to the prob-
chology involved with actions in pursuit of lems and purposes of life or the obsession of
goals that eventually manifest in the expected, Gundala, which in this film, after the gray sto-
(Letwin: 50). The embodiment of the charac- ry of his childhood, Sancaka grows into a man
ter in the film is displayed in the duality of who has no purpose.
the protagonist (Gundala) and the antagonist
(Pengkor). In the case with this market thug there is a
contact with Pengkor. A politician who has a
In general, the story is moved by a charac- dark past, and has a psychiatric disorder who
ter told by the storyteller. This so-called pro- wants everyone to experience the bad past he
tagonist (Egri, n.d.) is central to the story. In
the film Gundala, as the title of this film, the

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has ever experienced. It is in this part that this could be an entertainer amid the rush of Hol-
paradok appears. lywood superhero movies. Superhero Gun-
dala can become a master in his own country
The story of Pengkor’s past is told no less of course with the improvement of the story
detailed with Sancaka’s childhood. On cer- of the childhood films Sancaka and Pengkor.
tain sides, it can be said that the suffering is When assessed holistically, Gundala is an In-
very deep, and even like the Joker character in donesian superhero who is trying to integrate
the Joker movie. Audience sympathy for him into Western culture (Lukman et al., 2020).
may also show up. In many scenes, the actor
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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

THE BIOPHILIC DESIGN CONCEPT WITH BALINESE IDENTITY
ON BUILDINGS IN BALI

I Putu Udiyana Wasista, Ni Luh Kadek Resi Kerdiati
Department of Interior Design, Faculty of Fine Arts and Design,

Denpasar Institute of the Arts
[email protected]

Abstract

The aims of this research are to preserve and develop traditional Balinese arts through design,
such as barong kedingkling, legong tombol dance, and gringsing woven fabrics. There are some
issues such as preserving local values in traditional Balinese medicine plants known as taru
pramana. Moreover, it is also urge to the implementation of the Bali Province Regulation No. 5
of 2005, about local identities attached on buildings in Bali. In addition, there are the needs of
green areas during pandemic to prevent fatigue and stressfull. These issues were summarized
into a biophilic design with Balinese identity. This research is used as learning media, cultural
preservation, the use of limited areas as green areas, and the development of aesthetic compo-
nents in buildings. The research employs design thinking method. The result shows that bio-
philic design with Balinese identity is applied in government and commercial buildings, either
as facades or aesthetic components in their interior designs. Some plants which were used in
the biophilic design were taken from the taru pramana lontar. The vertical spaces on the facade
and interior are changed into green areas with biophilic design technology.

Keywords: biophilic design, Balinese identity, traditional values, buildings.

INTRODUCTION and gringsing cloth motif (see Fitnline, 2019;
Cultural dynamics can change tradition- Ruspawati, 2020; Titib, 2003). For example,
gringsing cloth motif was only known by Ten-
al artistic values. Changing in the way of ganan people in Pegringsingan Village. Thus,
thinking between generations and dialogue the strategy was needed to educate the society
with foreign cultures became one of the caus- in order to aware with the presence of the arts.
es (Djuhara, 2014). Rigid traditional values In this research and design, some traditional
would gradually be discarded. Therefore, arts would be elaborated and combined with
these traditional values should be be explored several problems.
and reprocessed with a new look which fol-
lowed the trend. Although the form changed The traditional values in traditional medi-
the value of knowledge remained sustainable. cine systems were also in crisis. For instance,
taru pramana used plants as traditional medi-
Some new art forms must be discovered cine. The cause was Balinese people had less
and displayed. This art was created because understanding and knowledge about types
heritage crisis was rarely performed. The of traditional medicinal plants (Suryadarma,
purpose was to educate the society about 2005). Gradually, this intellectual heritage be-
traditional Balinese arts which were gradu- came in crisis.
ally neglected by the time. The arts include
legong tombol dance, barong kedingkling,

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The COVID-19 pandemic which spread such urbanization phenomenon is the shrink-
all over the world brought many problems. age, deterioration, and disappearance of tradi-
All aspects of life were paralyzed, the econ- tional small urban green spaces in Denpasar,
omy became worse, and society activities Bali. Focusing on telajakan, a strip of tradi-
were limited. This condition created stress tional green space between the wall of a hous-
and anxiety in society (Bueno-Notivol et al., ing compound and a ditch/pedestrian path in
2021; CNN Indonesia, 2020; Ettman et al., a roadside, the study aims 1. The existence of
2020; Hasanah, Fitri, Supardi, & PH, 2020). the concept of a biophilic approach in Bali-
Therefore, it was necessary to reduce stress nese traditional values was also a reason for
and anxiety during the pandemic. this research and design. The purpose was to
explore these traditional values and expressed
Those phenomena became the back- them in a new way through biophilic design.
ground of this research and design. It required
the strategy to connect all the phenomena by During pandemic, the protocols of social
using biophilic approach. This method em- distancing become a challenge in accessing
ployed the correlation between humans and green open spaces. The society needed green
nature. Because humans had a strong affec- open spaces to relieve fatigue, stress, and anx-
tion for nature (Kellert, Heerwagen, & Mador, iety (Elsadek, Liu, & Lian, 2019). Neverthe-
2008). This relationship built a positive mood less, biophilic designs offered green space on
in humans. Having a positive mood would limited area through modern innovation. Al-
help people calmer and more positive dealing though the land was limited, the biophilic de-
with problems (Forgas & Bower, 1987). The sign could be used anywhere. In other hands,
relationship between humans and nature had a biophilic designs were showed artistically on
positive effect on mental state. This relation- the artwork of specific social identity.
ship was showed in a man-made building as
a biophilic design. The mental condition be- The lack of knowledge about Balinese
comes calmer and able to face life positively in traditional medicines, the situation of people
natural atmosphere (Soderlund, 2019). Thus, experiencing stress during a pandemic, and
the implementation of the biophilic approach the exploration of traditional biophilic values
is very suitable to overcome the fatigue and such as natah and telajakan, were the reasons
stress experienced by the community during for this research and design. The biophilic de-
the pandemic. sign that would be made was a bridge to facil-
itate those phenomenon. However, the urgen-
Balinese people also inherited biophilic cy of designing public spaces interior in this
values from generation to generation. For ex- research and development, it would make the
ample, the concept of pecaruan (Balinese rit- biophilic design was used as aesthetic element
ual), telajakan, and natah in residential areas in its architecture and interior. This aesthetic
(Kato, Hishiyama, Anak Agung Ketut Dar- element was applied in many buildings. This
madi, & Dewa Ngurah Suprapta, 2017; Kato, research and development caused biophilic
Hishiyama, Darmadi, Dwijendra, & Suprapta, design model can be applied both indoors and
2019)Indonesia is undergoing rapid land use outdoors.
changes due to heavy development pressure
and its fast growing urban population. One According to Bali Province Government
Regulation No. 5 of 2005, regarding the build-

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 151
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

ing with Balinese characteristics, biophilic de- In this stage, the abstract ideas were showed
signs would be inserted with Balinese cultural in visuals through conceptualizing and visual
signs to enhance local identity. The symbols storming. Implementation was a stage of using
of Balinese culture were taken from old Ba- the idea in the final visual form, such as 3D im-
linese art for example barong kedingkling, ages and development drawings. This research
legong tombol dance, and some gringsing was applied in the samples of governmental
weaving motifs. All of them were created as and commercial buildings. In the building, the
artwork in the building. Beside following the biophilic design would be used as decoration
regulation, these symbols were intended for on the facade and interior.
education and learning to introduce the arts.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Revitalization was needed to build up re- A. Literature Review
lationship between humans and nature in Ba- 1. Balinese Art as Aesthetic Elements
linese society. The purpose was to educate
Balinese people about understanding medic- Figures Biophilic Design with Balinese
inal plants that were getting rare, as well as to Identity
advertise biophilic designs. The society could Balinese art, which was appointed as a fig-
see Balinese heritage as biophilic designs in ure of aesthetic elements, was an art that had
architecture and interiors. Then, it was showed been neglected by cultural changing. These
in buildings which used biophilic design with arts were gandrung, barong kedingkling, but-
Balinese identity. ton legong dance, and several gringsing weav-
ing motifs. These arts could be combined as
Based on the descriptions, the advantage of planting media in biophilic designs for indoor
this research and design were as follows: 1) Ex- and outdoor. Through the existence of those
ploring old Balinese art and implementing in arts, the society could learn and knew more
visual aspect through artwork in building and about it. Thus, the figure of the aesthetic ele-
interior spaces; 2) Exploring Balinese tradition- ments could be used as a media of learning to
al values relateed to plants, such as taru pra- preserve Balinese culture. The following was
mana plants used as a component of biophilic a discussion of each of these arts.
design artwork; 3) Contributing in developing The legong tombol dance was one of the
a biophilic design in a minimal space and re- Balinese arts that had been lost. I Wayan Rindi
duce stress; 4) Developing the implementation (late) created this dance in the 1950s. In the
of Region Regulation No. 5 of 2005, regarding past, this dance was developed in Banyuatis
building in Bali with local identity. Village, Buleleng Regency. This dance was
accompanied by the concept of gong kebyar
music. This dance was danced by two dancers,
METHOD so it was also known as twin legong. Because
there was no successor, the development of
This research and development used design this dance lost its way. However, this dance
thinking method which was divided into 3 stag- was reconstructed by Ida Ayu Wimba Rus-
es such as inspiration, ideation, and implemen- pawati based on the memories of the dancers
tation (Ambrose & Harris, 2010; IDEO.org, and musicians who were still alive (Ruspawa-
2015). Inspiration was a stage to find, analyze, ti, 2016, 2020).
and plan the problems/phenomena. Ideation
was a stage to synthesize and think about ideas.

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Barong kedingkiling was also called bar- biophilia which was popularized by Edward
ong blasblasan. The shape was similar to the O. Wilson in 1980 (Wilson, 2003). This term
Ramayana wayang wong and was sacred. On was taken from a term previously used by
Galungan and Kuningan ceremony, this bar- Erich Fromm to describe the human love for
ong dance surrounded the village (ngelawang) nature (Gunderson, 2014; Soderlund, 2019;
accompanied by gamelan batel or bebarongan Terrapin Bright Green, 2012).
(Titib, 2003). This barong form was devel-
oped in the Klungkung, Gianyar and Bangli According to the book “The Economics of
regions (Tanggahan Tengah, 2017). Due to the Biophilia” (2012, p. 5), humans had a biologi-
limited developing area, few Balinese people cal need to relate nature on a physical, mental,
knew about this barong. and social level. These relationships also con-
tributed human wealthy, personal, productivi-
Gringsing fabric was a woven fabric de- ty, and social relationships. The stressful mind
veloped in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, would be directed to get positive vibes for
Karangasem Regency. This cloth was sacred emotional and mindful development through
for the people in the area. It was believed biophilic.
that this cloth was a protector from harm
and disease. The manufacturing process was Furthermore, this approach was imple-
not easy and took several years or even de- mented into a man-made process called bio-
cades. Its manufacture used natural materials philic design (Browning, Ryan, & Clancy,
and double tied weaving techniques (Utami, 2014). The biophilic design was one of the
2014). The gringsing fabric had several types designs with a sustainable approach. Accord-
of decorative patterns, such as: gringsing en- ing to Berkebile, Fox, & Hartley (2008), the
jekan siap, gringsing pepare, gringsing ba- biophilic design provided a new language in
tun tuung, gringsing cicempaka, gringsing interpreting environmental construction as
cemplong, gringsing sidan pegat, gringsing well as opened the change to have creativity.
sanan empeg, gringsing wayang kebo, grings-
ing wayang putri, gringsing patlikur isi, and 3. The Advantages of Nature for Humans
gringsing lubeng fabrics (Hauser-Schaublin Nature gave many advantages to human
& Nabholz-Kartaschoff, 2012). This became
rare because it could only be done by Tenga- health (Bratman, Hamilton, & Daily, 2012).
nan people in Pegringsingan Village. In ad- Other studies had also proven these benefits.
dition, the long duration of production made For instance, connecting with nature could
this fabric was very exclusive. This exclusiv- help postoperative healing, relieving stress,
ity also reduced the interest of young genera- establishing positive mood, improving cogni-
tion to make the clothes. tive and academic abilities, reducing the risk
of vascular disease, and helping to reduce the
2. Definition of Biophilic and Biophilic effects of ADHD (Beatley, 2011; Bratman et
Design al., 2012; Chang & Chen, 2005; Fagerholm et
Biophilic came from two words. Bio al., 2020; Keniger, Gaston, Irvine, & Fuller,
2013).
meant nature and philia meant love. The term
biophilic come from the psychological term Then Kellert et al. (2008), mentioned an-
other benefit of connecting with nature. Con-
necting with nature reduced social and health

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IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

problems, reduce stress and increase produc- nations of gods. Suryadarma (2005), stated in
tivity through natural lighting, improve mem- his research the knowledge of taru pramana
ory and concentration, improve the quality of began to decrease. It was proven that from
children hood development, and improve the 163 medicinal plants, people only knew 65-
quality of interpersonal relationships in soci- 96 species. The people needed to protect and
ety. inherited the values ​i​n this Taru Pramana text.
Many plants in taru pramana were increas-
Based on research conducted by Park, ingly rare because they ignored it.
Tsunetsugu, Kasetani, Kagawa, & Miyazaki
(2010), when humans walked in nature, their 5. Biophilic Design Strategy in Architec-
pulse rate and salivary cortisol production ture and Interior
decreased. The pulse rate and the production Biophilic design brought several goals
of salivary cortisol were related to the human
condition when experiencing stress. The high- in system development between humans and
er the pulse rate and the production of salivary nature, namely: 1) Nature and buildings must
cortisol, it indicated that humans were experi- be closely related; 2) Residential energy con-
encing stress and vice versa. It was conclud- sumption must be managed properly; 3) Con-
ed that the nature helped humans to relieve struction must understand the advantages of
the stress. Humans also became calmer and the natural surroundings. Then, this advan-
had a positive mood. A positive mood would tage must be utilized optimally in residential
help him to be calmer in dealing with existing areas. 4) Reducing the bad impacts of climate
problems. change (Almusaed, 2011). The sustainable re-
lationship should be concerned between hu-
4. Lack of Knowledge about Taru Pramana mans, buildings, and nature.
In traditional Balinese medicine there
The application of the strategy could
was a method of treatment using plants called be seen in the creation of green walls/verti-
taru pramana. Taru Pramana was a tradition- cal gardens and green facades. This method
al Balinese medicine text that told about Mpu could be used in limited space in the dwelling
Kuturan’s dialogue with plants. According to if there was no outside garden. Sometimes a
Dharma & Jayawangsa (2020, pp. 56–57), the green wall/vertical garden could be used as a
taru pramana text had function of preserving green facade in a building. The advantages of
the environment, prospering the community, green façade were pleasing to the eye and re-
and being religious as the medical function. ducing stress for those who see it (Elsadek et
The function of protecting the environment al., 2019; Reis, Reis, & Nascimento, 2020). A
could be seen by keeping and maintaining the green wall/vertical garden could also be ap-
plants written in the taru pramana text. By plied to the interior of the room in order to
making herbal compound which could be sold increase the affection between the community
with the knowledge from taru pramana texts, and nature. Therefore, even though they were
the function of community welfare could be indoors, they felt close to nature (Browning et
displayed. Balinese belief in some plants had al., 2014). Here were some images.
a religious function because Balinese people
believed that these plants were gifts or incar-

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

Figure 1. Green Wall/Vertical Garden in Interior ny with technology. Thus, cultural preserva-
(Source : Tosic, 2017) tion and education did not become something
old-fashioned and outdated.
Figure 2. Indoor Green Wall
(Source : Pacheco, 2012) The survey was conducted in the Denpas-
ar, Badung, and Gianyar areas. The reasons of
Figure 3. Green Facade selected location as follows: 1) Denpasar, the
(Source : Bogaczewicz, 2018) capital city of Bali Province, is considered as
the face of Balinese identity. The goal was to
B. Design Process implement the artwork biophilic design with
1. Case Identity (Inspiration Stage) Balinese identity. Then, the design develop-
ment would reflect a new way of preserving
In this research and design, the cases se- cultural identity. Thus, other districts could
lected were the governmental offices and the learn the application of the design; 2) Badung,
commercial buildings. The goal was to inspire one of the regencies in Bali, has many private
the form of Balinese identity under Regional modern building developments. Based on the
Regulation No. 5 in 2005, concerning the use observation, private modern building did not
of materials and Balinese identity in build- show the characteristics of Balinese identi-
ings. The use of governmental and commer- ty. It had been stated in Regional Regulation
cial buildings represented the implementation that buildings must have a Balinese identity;
of the Regional Regulation in new and inno- 3) The selection of cases in Gianyar Regency
vative ways. Thus, the Balinese identity could also has the same reasons as in Badung Re-
remain as well as having a modern look. On gency.
the other hand, it also gave the information to
the society that the culture can be in harmo- Some places were chosen as cases accord-
ing to the result of survey in Denpasar, Ba-
dung and Gianyar areas. Based on biophilic
design, the cases were divided into two such
as biophilic design on the facade and biophilic
design on the interior. The facade cases would
be applied to the artwork such as South Kuta
District Office and The Orange cake shop
at Denpasar. The South Kuta district office
was chosen to show the application of art-
work biophilic design in a limited space on
the facade of government building. Moreover,
the purpose was to show a different way of
Balinese identity besides using local mate-
rials and ornaments. Although The Orange
cake shop used bricks and some Balinese roof
ornaments, it still showed lack of Balinese
identity in commercial buildings. A new ap-
pearance of identity would be able to attract

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 155
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

the customers to come. Besides, the customers
would know Balinese culture through façade
which showed local arts. On interior design,
the selected locations were Ubud Post Office
and Visesa Ubud. The reasons were the same
as the previous façade design.

Figure 7. Visesa Ubud Lobby
(Source : Survey Documentation, 2021)

Figure 4. South Kuta district Office Building The application of the biophilic design
(Source : Survey Documentation, 2021) with Balinese identity would provide various
new ideas in implementing Regional Regula-
tion No. 5 of 2005. It also helped to educate
Balinese local values ​t​o the public or visitors.
Thus, the introduction of Balinese local val-
ues ​t​hrough biophilic design played important
role in education and preserve Balinese cul-
ture for the future.

Figure 5. The Orange Cake Shop 2. The Identification of Plants Based on
(Source : Survey Documentation, 2021) Balinese Local Values which are Imple-
mented in Biophilic Design with Bali-
Figure 6. Denpasar Post Office nese Identity
(Source : Survey Documentation, 2021) According to Manso & Castro-Gomes

(2015), climbing plants were generally used
as green walls or green facades. This type
of plant has two types, namely: 1) Climbing
plants that are always green throughout the
year (evergreen) and 2) Climbing plants that
fall within a certain time. The second type of
plant requires replanting. This plant made the
maintenance of green walls and green facades
more difficult.

For the commonly used plants are ground
cover plants for Rockwool modules. For
the tray module, we usually use herbaceous
plants. The reason is to suit with the criteria
for biophilic plants, plants on lontar taru pra-
mana and ethnobotanical plants (local Ba-

PROCEEDING THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL 156
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

linese ceremony) will be selected which are design, such as pancarsona, bun pepe, bun-
climbing plants, ground covers, and shrubs. gan teleng, kangkang yuyu, gandola, kasegse-
gan, mica, myana cemeng, sedah/ base, bale-
Based on a literature taken from the go and mountain clover. Here are the pictures
article by Arsana (2019), several types of that will be applied in the biophilic design.
plants were collected from the script taru pra-
mana that were suitable to be applied to the

Table 1. Plants from Taru pramana for Biophilic Module

Num Name Figure Efficacy

1 Pancarsona The advantage of
2 (Merremia pancarsona leaves in
Mammosa) lontar taru pramana
3 is to eliminate nausea
(Source : William, 2021) (ngenyeb). The
4 leaves are yellow and
used as herbal medi-
cine (loloh) (Arsana,
2019).

Bun pepe Bun pepe in lontar
(Sarcostemma taru pramana is
Esculentum) used as a medicine
for diarrhea (muntah
mising). The parts
used as medicine are
the leaves and bark
of the tree (babakan).
It can be made into
herbal medicine
(loloh) or (boreh)
(Arsana, 2019).

(Source : Royal Botanic Garden, n.d.)

Bungan teleng Teleng/telang (a
(Clitoria Ter- flower) in lontar taru
natea L) pramana is used
as a medicine for
(Source : Priya, Balakrishnan, Kiruthika pain, anxiety, and
Lakshmi, Aruna, & Ravindran, 2014) some psychosomatic
disorders (tiwang
sasab ten eling ring
raga). The part used
for treatment is the
leaves. The method
is sprayed (sembur)
all over the body
(Arsana, 2019).

Kangkang Kangkang yuyu or
Yuyu (Cyclea commonly known as
Barbata) grass is for treating
nausea, fever, and
indigestion. The
way to consume is
processing the leaves
into a drink (Arsana,
2019).

(Source : Herbaldok, 2021)

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 157
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

5 Gandola In lontar taru pra-

(Basella Rubra mana, the gandola is

Linn.) used as a medicine

for vomiting until

blood vomiting. The

way to consume is

using the leaves and

(Source : Rumah Sehat Herba Holistik, 2019) make it as herbal
medicine (loloh)

(Arsana, 2019).

6 Kasegsegan Kasegsegan, also
known as krokot/
(Portulaca gelang, is a flow-
Oleracea) ering ground cover
plant. In lontar taru
(Source : Alves, 2021) pramana, this plant
is used as headache
medicine. The part
used is the shoots
of the leaf, which
is then processed
into tutuh (gurah).
Gurah is one of the
traditional medical
techniques of inject-
ing liquid medicine
through the nose (Ar-
sana, 2019).

7 Mica (Piper In lontar taru pra-
mana, mica/pepper
Nigrum L) plants can be used to
treat headaches. The
part used is the leaf
by spraying it into
the head (sembur)
(Arsana, 2019).

8 Myana cemeng (Source : Isnaini, 2017) The myana cemeng
(Source : Nusadaily.com, 2020) plant in lontar taru
(Coleus Scutel- (Source : Purba & Paengkoum, 2019) pramana is used as
larioides) a fever medicine.
The part used is the
9 Sedah/Base leaves. These leaves
are used as a paste
(Piper Betle L.) (boreh) and herbal
medicine (loloh)
(Arsana, 2019).

Sedah/base/betel
plants in lontar taru
pramana are used as
medicine for fainting
and unconsciousness.
The part used is the
young leaves and
then used as herbal
medicine (loloh)
(Arsana, 2019).

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10 Semanggi In lontar taru
pramana, mountain
gunung / clover is used to treat
mountain skin diseases such
clover (Hydro- as sores and itching.
cotyle Sibthor- The leaves are used
pioides Lam) as a paste (boreh)
and applied to the af-
(Source : Royal Botanic Garden, n.d.-a) fected area (Arsana,
2019).

The plants mentioned above will be used
in the biophilic module. Thefore, these plants
can be known by the society as part of Bali-
nese local values.

3. Sketching and Visual Storming Figure 9. Legong Tombol Biophilic Module
The definition of a sketch according to (Source : Research Team, 2021)

Olofsson & Sjölén (2006) was an unfinished The object of inspiration from the idea
rough picture. This rough picture was an out- sketch was the pattern on the back of the lotus
line of the mind. The word sketch came from leaf and the movement of the legong tombol
the Italian term schizo which originally came dancer. These two inspirational objects were
from the Greek skhedios. The meaning of assembled and put together to create a biomi-
these two terms about a sketch was a picture metic/bionic form with Balinese identity. Bio-
without the need for completion or speaking mimetic/bionic was a design that was taken
without completion. from biological forms. To create more natural
and organic shape accordance with the bio-
In the process of designing, sketching was philic theme, the research team combined the
the language of the designer itself. Sketches pattern behind the lotus leaf with the Legong
provided the designer with the fastest way tombol dance. The sketch of the idea can be
to visualize problem-solving, instead of just shown in Figure 9. Besides the beauty, it had
going through textual doodles. Through the also several pragmatic considerations in its
sketch, the designer saw the problem as a real application. The pragmatic consideration was
visual form in 2D or 3D. Thus, the designer to create a facade design which can circulate
felt the design and explore it more thoroughly. light and air. That’s why some parts of the leaf
The following was a sketch of ideas made by were left with holes without a planting mod-
researcher team. ule. The purpose was to channel natural light
and air in the building.
Figure 8. Lotus Leaves and
LegongTombol Dance

(Source : Amaral, 2019 and Greatnesia, 2021)

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 159
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

Another idea was combining tradition-
al art of barong kedingkling with tree bark.
The idea was the same to provide a gap air and
natural light enter the building. The following
was a sketch of the exploration idea.

Figure 10. Barong Kedingkling Biophilic Module Figure 13. Sketch Idea From Lubeng
(Source : Research Team, 2021) and Cemplong Motif

For the interior design, the explora- (Source : Research Team, 2021)
tion of Balinese identity was done by explor-
ing the motifs of the gringsing weaving. The 4. Implementation
explored motifs as interior aesthetic elements The implementation stage was the stage
were lubeng and cemplong motifs. This mo-
tifs were used as an aesthetic element that where the previous idea sketch was showed
functions to insulate space and place plants. in 3D, to obtain a more realistic visual. The
following picture showed the process of im-
plementing the idea into a 3D concept.

a) Legong Tombol Module Implemen-
tation

Figure 11. Lubeng Motif Figure 14. Legong Tombol Module
(Source : Hauser-Schaublin & Nabholz-Karta- Implementation

schoff, 2012) (Source : Research Team, 2021)

Figure 12. Cemplong Motif Figure 15. Legong Tombol Module
(Source : Hauser-Schaublin & Nabholz-Karta- Implementation

schoff, 2012) (Source : Research Team, 2021)

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Figure 14 showed the biomimetic form c) Cemplong Motif Module Implemen-
of the combination legong tombol dance tation
movements and the pattern on the back of
the lotus leaf was used as a double skin fa- Figure 17. Cemplong Motif Module
cade (DSF). Parts of the dancer’s face were Implementation
unplanted, to allow their identity can be seen.
The plants used in the DSF were combination (Source : Research Team, 2021)
of myana cemeng, gandola, mountain clover,
base, sedah, bun pepe, and kangkang yuyu. By
putting it as DSF, the biophilic design module
can be applied in vertical spaces. Thus, the
area of green space can be broadened.

This module was applied in South Kuta
District Office to provide alternative appli-
cation of Bali Province Regulation No. 5 of
2005 in a creative and modern way.

b) Barong Kedingkling Modules Imple-
mentation

Figure 18. Cemplong Motif Module
Implementation

(Source : Research Team, 2021)

Figure 16. Barong Kedingkling Module The interior of the Post Office in Figures
Implementation 16 and 17 showed biophilic module with Ba-
linese identity was applied to fill the empty
(Source : Research Team, 2021) area in the void. The exploration of cemplong
motif on gringsing cloth was used as a source
Figure 15 showed barong kedingkling of inspiration for its shape. Thus, the vertical
module was planted with myana cemeng, spaces could be used and gave the beauty in
base, and sedah plants. The combination of space. It was accordance with the purpose
mica and kangkang yuyu was planted in the of design and development process to create
background. The metaphor of the tree bark, green areas in limited spaces.
kasegsegan and gandola were planted on each
side. The concept was the same as biophilic In addition, the visitors could enjoy green
design module in South Kuta District Office. atmosphere to relieve stress while doing bor-
The biophilic module of barong kedingkling ing activities such as waiting. One of the ben-
was placed vertically to provide an alternative efits of biophilic was to relieve stress and ten-
of green space in a limited area. sion (Kellert et al., 2008). This advantage was
very suitable to be applied in waiting rooms or
spaces with high activity circulation.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 161
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

d) Lubeng Motif Module Implementa- CONCLUSION
tion In developing biophilic concept with Bali-

Figure 19. Lubeng Motif Module Implementation nese identity, it was influenced by traditional
Balinese arts like barong kedingkling, legong
(Source : Research Team, 2021) tombol dance, as well as gringsing fabric mo-
tif. This traditional art form was combined
Figure 20. Lubeng Motif Module Implementation with biomimetic forms such as lotus leaf de-
(Source : Research Team, 2021) signs and tree bark. This combination was
intended to develop designs close to nature
In Lobby Visesa Resort Ubud, the lubeng according to biophilic concept goals. The
motif which was created as a space partition plants in biophilic design component required
was planted base, teleng flowers, kangkang Balinese local values from taru pramana lon-
yuyu, and sedah. It was caused the plants tar. The results of the biophilic design could
grown very lush. A lush atmosphere was very be put into vertical areas to cover the space.
important in space or interior because it could Therefore, the biophilic component could be
increase intimacy with nature as the main pur- put on limited spaces as an aesthetic aspect of
pose of biophilic design. By using biophilic de- exterior or even interior decoration.
sign and technology, narrow space with lack of
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BUILDING CHILDREN’S CHARACTER
THROUGH TRADITIONAL GAMES

Luki Lutvia1, Arleti M Apin2
Institut Teknologi Harapan Bangsa
[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Traditional Indonesian games have been forgotten due to the impact of high technology. Chil-
dren of new generations in big cities rarely play old classic games. This can cause extinction
of Indonesian traditional games which are replaced by modern gadgets. If these conditions
continue then there will be no longer a game that is identified as a traditional local game. The
company that offers toys and all products that use high technology has rigorously handled their
products to this so-called “digital children”. It seems that people have turned into consumptive
individuals where they can just buy anything they want with the tip of their fingers. Online ac-
tivities in this pandemic situation have become parents’ excuse for their children to overcome
their boredom. The government needs to address this issue and start to raise and bring up the
most original culture back to our society especially children, not only for one specific ethnicity
but nationwide. This article uses descriptive qualitative method to attempt higher awareness of
the future generation in terms of intelligence, culture, and behavior through traditional games.

Keywords: traditional games, children, intelligence, behavior, awareness

INTRODUCTION We are all forced to live our lives differently
In this post-postmodern era, there are few and voluntarily adjust to new conditions. Most
activities are carried out from home, includ-
developments that we need to be concerned ing teaching and learning activities that must
about when it comes to children’s conduct. be done online. This activity has a significant
Most of their activities have been centered impact on children at the elementary school
indoors that could affect their social life in level. Children that do a lot of movement im-
terms of communicating and fun physical ac- prove their health conditions, including play-
tivities with friends. This condition is due to ing activities (Anggita, 2018).
the change of lifestyles. Most families today
live-in small residences with no sufficient area In this pandemic, children are obligated
for children to play. According to research, to do their learning process through their gad-
children’s activities have been hugely de- gets such as laptops or cell phones which is an
creased especially since the pandemic that has uncommon thing to do or to the least, never
been going on for almost two years. It also has have been. Thus, the time spent on this learn-
changed everyone’s lifestyle, physically and ing process is mostly done in a sitting position
mentally. facing the monitor screen. This shows lack
of physical activity and exercise. Soon after
During this pandemic, Government reg- studying, they will do other activities, playing,
ulations prohibit residents from leaving their which ironically also uses electronic devices.
homes and avoiding crowds (Syofian,2021).

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

The term “play” for children today is not are then analyzed from several scientific an-
physically moving their body such as running, gles, games, local wisdom values, education,
jumping, playing kites, or riding bicycles and psychology, health, intelligence, and behav-
other games that require body movement any- ior. This is a condition that cannot be separat-
more. Keep in mind that exercise is very good ed from one another.
for children’s physical health, one of which
is maintaining body weight (Syofian, 2021). RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Playing for children today is using electronic Engklek / Sondah Educational Games as
devices, in the form of games or spectacles. an Alternative for Children’s Activities
All of these activities are accessed through the
media of technological devices. The amount “Engklek” is the name of the game, a
of time they spend sitting facing the screen of regional language of West Java, Sundanese
their device, tablet, or laptop is countless. This meaning “jumping with one leg” or then
will adversely affect the health of the eyes, sometimes called “Sondah” which is quite
bones, muscles, and brain. There are concerns popular in some areas. This game is one of
about the adverse effects on the health of fu- the traditional games that are well-known
ture generations online, both mentally and throughout the archipelago in Java, Sumatra,
physically. Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and other areas. This
game is thought to have existed since Roman
Comparing children of the current gen- times but with a different name “Hopscotch”
eration with those of the generation born in and with slightly different rules. Wikipedia In-
the 1960s or 1970s is indeed not a complete donesia explains that the game comes from the
benchmark, because changes and develop- word Zondag-Maandag taken from the Dutch
ments that occur in all aspects of life are un- language in the era of colonialism introduced
avoidable. But if some cultural aspects can to the Indonesian people. Engklek or Sondah
be maintained then parents can pass it on to is a game performed by two or more people.
children so that way the aim of preserving The more players involved, the more fun the
“culture” and providing benefits can still be game will be. A player has to jump over a
implemented. square with one leg. Commonly, traditional
games are played in groups, the atmosphere
METHOD is vivacious and uplifting. Children interact
This study was structured using a descrip- with each other directly (Wijayanti, 20140).
Because, in addition to prioritizing the shared
tive qualitative method, describing the mean- joy factor, this game also has a deeper purpose
ing contained in a traditional game. The data in deepening interaction skills between play-
collected comes from a literature study that ers (interpersonal potential).
raises issues related to education and its activ-
ities. This includes research that has been car- The rule is the player must first draw plots
ried out to reveal the problems faced during or squares on the ground or cement floor using
the pandemic. Especially problems related to chalk so that a ‘grid’ is arranged. A total of
children’s education, because this poses a big 7 plots are drawn vertically and 3 plots hor-
problem in carrying out the learning process. izontally are placed at the ends like the letter
Data from the articles that have been collected T. The depiction of the arrangement of these

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 169
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

plots can be different in each area. Each player helps develop healthy attitudes about main-
needs a chip made of tile or can also use a flat taining an active lifestyle as an adult.
stone. How the game works is that each child
take turns throwing the chip to the nearest For this reason, it is better to introduce
square, i.e., square number 1 and starts jump- traditional games to children from an early
ing over the tile with the chip on to square 2. age and this is certainly inseparable from the
Next, continue until he returns to the first tile role of the closest people around the family,
to pick up the chip, and so on until the first parents. The first who teaches children is their
player fails and is replaced with the next play- parents who have psychological ties and clos-
er. A player fails when the chip he/she throws er emotional relationships with each other.
lands right on the line, or players fail to jump At school, a teacher plays an important role
without touching the line or perhaps fall due in shaping one’s personality (Sumaryanta,
to loss of balance. If there is a player who 2019).
fails, then he must give up and give a turn to
the next player. CONCLUSION
Physical games in Engklek are proven to
Judging from the scientific side, this activ-
ity trains aspects of child development in the bring extraordinary results for physical and
form of exercises, which is: mental development in children. Open space
which is an obstacle due to the minimal-sized
• Patience residential pattern is not a reason to avoid this
• Mutual respect for others activity. Public open space is one area that can
• Wait for each turn to play be utilized by the public or even the govern-
• To be honest ment in this case.
• Have a healthy competitive attitude
• Can work in groups Parents need to encourage motivation in
• Can socialize with various other indi- their children to be more physically active
outside the home. Reducing the use of gad-
vidual characters. gets and other electronic devices to the ex-
• Concentration tent of primary needs. Adequate supervision
• Improve bone and muscle health of parents in using the device not to access
• Happy, cheerful sites that are not for them, or excessive time.
• Physically and mentally healthy. Strict rules from parents need to be held for
children, especially when using sophisticated
Playing outdoors also has a good influence devices to avoid dependence or addiction so
on health and also trains children to care more that their emotions can be more directed to-
about their environment. Several studies on wards healthy relationships with their families
child development say that playing in open (Rachmat1,2021).
spaces can improve motor skills, body mass
index, overall health, and muscle strength. It would be beneficial if the government can
Spending active time outdoors as a child is support by including traditional games in local
also important for lifelong health. Children content for elementary schools. This portion of
who are active in their early years generally group physical activity has many benefits, indi-
continue to be more active as they get older. rectly nourishing students and increasing their
Encouraging outdoor play in young children learning ability of main subjects.

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

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demic Achievement: Do Intellectual Hu-
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relationship between creative thinking
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sistensi Permainan Tradisional Sebagai
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Muhammad Syofian1*, N. G. (2021). Kajian
Literatur: Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ONLINE LEARNING IN
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA
DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Mohamad Sajili
Faculty of Economics and Business Paramadina University

[email protected]

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of life and has affected all sectors. This new
order is commonly referred to as the new normal era. One of the sectors affected is the Higher
Education sector. Changes occurred in the implementation of the Higher Education Tri Dhar-
ma activities, namely teaching and learning activities, research and community service, which
make some changes in the method of implementation of activities. This study uses a qualita-
tive descriptive method that describes the implementation of online learning with the object of
research at Paramadina University. Methods of collecting data use interviews, observations,
literature studies and survey methods. The current barriers to higher education are technolog-
ical imbalances, limited competence of educators in the use of learning applications, limited
resources such as internet quotas, and other supporting facilities that can support the imple-
mentation of online learning. The challenge for universities is to be able to design and imple-
ment innovative learning processes so that students can achieve learning outcomes that include
aspects of attitudes, knowledge, and skills in an optimal and always relevant manner.

Keywords: Challenges, Opportunities, Online Learning, New Normal Era, Covid-19 Pandemic

INTRODUCTION ers, and students. The readiness of all com-
Changes in the strategy for the spread of ponents of the academic community in facing
changes in learning from face to face to dis-
Covid-19, which have not shown any signs of tance learning requires an adaptation process
ending, certainly have an impact on various and immediately adapts and applies it in the
aspects of life, one of which is the education learning process in order to achieve the goals
aspect. Universities are also one of the educa- that have been set previously.
tional institutions affected by the COVID-19
pandemic. The tri dharma of higher educa- The readiness of educational institutions
tion is forced to be able to change, adapt, and to carry out online learning is a problem in it-
transform. Therefore, teaching and learning self, this is because online learning during the
activities have changed since the issuance of pandemic is carried out without planning. The
Circular Letter from the Minister of Education availability of technological devices owned by
and Culture Number 36962/MPK.A/HK/2020 educational institutions to support the learning
dated March 17, 2020. Learning is carried out process, the ability of educators and education
online as an effort to prevent the development staff to use technology, the ability of students
and spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. to use technology, the limitations of techno-
logical devices owned by students, internet
Unplanned learning requires the readiness
of both institutions, implementers and lectur-

PROCEEDING THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL 172
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

access that is not stable at home, or cost con- line learning interests. Furthermore, the re-
straints due to learning methods done online search data were analyzed using descriptive
will certainly affect the quality of learning. quantitative analysis of the percentage tech-
nique directly from the google form.
Changes have an impact on the technical
aspects of learning. The technical aspect is re- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
lated to the efforts of lecturers and students to Online Learning Challenge
immediately recognize, study and implement
online learning media such as google meet, Based on the results of a survey via goo-
e-learning, zoom meeting and other alterna- gle form conducted since September 13, 2021,
tives. As the spearhead and frontline during some data were obtained regarding some of
teaching and learning activities, educators the obstacles experienced by students in par-
must still be able to create an active, inno- ticipating in online learning.
vative, creative, effective, fun and efficient
learning atmosphere, and contain transfer of The survey population is all active stu-
knowledge and transfer of value values. dents who are undergoing the lecture process,
totaling 50 people. However, in the field, only
Paying attention to various facts and un- 40 students filled out the questionnaire con-
avoidable problems related to the implemen- sisting of 35% male and 65% female. The
tation of online learning in the midst of the distribution of respondents consisted of 42%
covid-19 pandemic in the new normal as de- from semester IV, 15% from semester III,
scribed previously. So this study aims to de- and 15% from semester II, and the remaining
scribe the opportunities and challenges in on- 28% from other semesters. Based on the ques-
line learning in universities. tionnaire data, information was obtained that
100% of students carried out the online learn-
METHOD ing process in the 2020/2021 even semester.
This research uses descriptive qualitative
Figure 1. Online Learning Constraints
research. This type of descriptive research is (Source: Results of Survey to Students 2021)
based on objectives, which aims to provide
descriptive, descriptions of facts, character- The next questionnaire item shows that
istics, and the relationship between the phe- students are more interested in learning of-
nomena studied including the relationship be- fline, namely learning in class face-to-face
tween activities, attitudes, views, and ongoing compared to online learning at home. It can
processes. and the effects of a phenomenon, be seen based on the questionnaire data ob-
or to determine the frequency distribution tained that 55% choose to study in class (of-
of a symptom, there is a certain relationship fline), 25% online synchronously, and 20%
between a symptom and other symptoms (Si- asynchronous independently.
laen, 2013).

Collecting data using a questionnaire
method through the google form given to re-
spondents. This research questionnaire con-
sists of two groups of questions that represent
aspects of online learning constraints and on-

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 173
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

Figure. 2 Comparison of Online and Offline are three main skills in the 21st century, name-
Classroom Interests ly the ability to think critically and problem
solving (expert thinking), communication and
(Source: Results of Survey to Students 2021) collaboration (complex communicating), and
creativity and innovation (applied imagina-
Some of the obstacles that occur in the tion and invention) (Trilling & Fadel, 2009).
implementation of online learning based on Therefore, learning in higher education must
perceptions faced by students ranging from be able to explore and optimize the potential
infrastructure, inaccessible networks in some of students. Third, the challenge to realize an
areas, some lecturers are not ready with on- independent campus. Independent campus is
line materials, and some students do not have a program launched by the Minister of Edu-
learning tools and the high cost to buy quota. cation and Culture of the Republic of Indo-
nesia as an effort to produce graduates who
Online Learning Challenges in College are tough, relevant to the needs of the times,
Universities are responsible for producing and ready to become leaders who have a high
national spirit. Independent campus learning
graduates who have qualifications equiva- is oriented to develop creativity, capacity, per-
lent to the Indonesian National Qualifications sonality, and student needs.
Framework (KKNI), develop curricula that
are adaptive to the challenges of education College Opportunities During the Covid-19
at all times, and are able to accommodate Pandemic
conditions not only in the present but also
for the future. There are three challenges of The use of technology during this pandem-
higher education in this new normal era. First, ic has become a trend and model in the world
the challenge to realize education 4.0 is ed- of national and international education, so that
ucation that is formulated to prepare for the the implementation of the learning process
fulfillment of workforce needs in this era of can run while still guided by the established
technological disruption. Universities must curriculum. The implementation of learning
be able to answer this challenge, by produc- carried out online cannot be separated from
ing graduates who are able to work and even supporting facilities such as computers, lap-
be able to create new jobs in the era of the tops, androids, internet networks so that they
industrial revolution 4.0. Second, the chal- can access materials and information anytime
lenge is to produce graduates who have the and anywhere.
key skills needed in the 21st century. There
a. Technology Use Transformation
The use of technology makes it a must for

the world of education to carry out a digital
transformation. Improved technology systems
provide many benefits to universities, apart
from being a medium of learning at this time,
universities can also be used to evaluate new
digital-based curricula, apply online atten-

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

dance, academic management, and conduct d. Opening Parallel Student Special Class
tracer studies. In addition, the opportunity for The opportunity for universities to be able
the campus as a quality information technol-
ogy-based tertiary institution can enable uni- to hold distance lectures can also be used as
versities to rise in rank, so that they can com- an opportunity for students who live far from
pete with other private universities. the campus environment. Online learning can
also open opportunities for prospective stu-
b. HR Quality Improvement dents who are employees to continue their
The pandemic is forcing educators and studies by providing special classes for em-
ployees, because they have limited time to be
the entire academic community who are still on campus.
stumped on learning technology to be able to
adapt to new habits of online learning. The From the analysis of the challenges and
creativity of educators is more motivated to opportunities of higher education in the period
present the material in an interesting way. and post-covid-19 pandemic above, it is hoped
Some educators make learning videos so that that it can be used as an evaluation material
students can be more interested in learning for the effectiveness of online learning. So
materials, and easily understand them. Of that it will get the right formulation to be able
course, it can also increase students’ learning to achieve the desired quality of learning and
motivation because videos are known to be in accordance with the demands of the current
one of the spectacles of the millennial gener- era that utilizes technological advances.
ation.
CONCLUSION
c. Learning Method Transformation The challenges faced by universities during
A learning method that combines inter-
the COVID-19 pandemic with the application
net-based learning and face-to-face learning of online distance learning have made univer-
that has been commonly done by educators sities to continue to improve their quality both
today. This method that mixes technology and in terms of their human resources and in terms
traditional learning is known as blended learn- of facilities. The use of technology is one of
ing. This method is believed to have several ad- the keys to the success of the implementation
vantages such as allowing adjustment of study of online learning today. The COVID-19 pan-
hours because it is done at home, increasing demic gave rise to several technology-based
the interest and motivation of students because educational innovations, and were able to
learning is not monotonous, it can be done in create learning methods that could be used in
one particular place, but can be done at home times of crisis such as in this new normal era.
or on campus. In addition, it is more accurate in For this reason, opportunities for universities
delivering information because it uses the help in the period and post-pandemic include, a) as
of learning technology. This learning method is opportunities to increase the transformation
proven to improve the quality of learning out- of the use of learning technology, b) oppor-
comes while saving costs. tunities to improve the quality of their human
resources both from lecturers, education staff,
and students so that they can understand the
use of technology today. this, c) opportunities

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 175
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

for transformation of learning methods that Tohir, M. (2020). Buku Panduan Merdeka Be-
can increase student learning motivation so lajar-Kampus Merdeka.
that they are not bored because with a different
system by combining face-to-face meetings in Sopiansyah, D., & Masruroh, S. (2022).
class with online meetings, d) opportunities Konsep dan Implementasi Kurikulum
for higher education to open special classes MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus
for employees who want to continue to under- Merdeka).  Reslaj: Religion Education
graduate level without being hindered by the Social Laa Roiba Journal, 4(1), 34-41.
conditions of distance and learning time.
Syaharuddin, S. (2020). Pembelajaran Masa
REFERENCES Pandemi: Dari Konvensional Ke Dar-
Abbas, E. W., Handy, M. R. N., Shaleh, R. ing. Pembelajaran Masa Pandemi: Dari
Konvensional Ke Daring.
M., & Hadi, N. T. F. W. (2020). Ecotour-
ism of Martapura River Banjarmasin as Tohir, M. (2020). Buku Panduan Merdeka Be-
a Learning Resources on Social Stud- lajar-Kampus Merdeka.
ies.  The Innovation of Social Studies
Journal, 1(2), 111-119.
Indrawati, B. (2020). Tantangan dan Peluang
Pendidikan Tinggi Dalam Masa dan Pas-
ca Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Kajian Il-
miah, 1(1), 39-48.
Jamilah, J. (2020). Guru profesional di era
new normal: Review peluang dan tan-
tangan dalam pembelajaran daring. Pre-
miere Educandum: Jurnal Pendidikan
Dasar Dan Pembelajaran,  10(2), 238-
247.
Ningsih, S. (2020). Persepsi Mahasiswa Ter-
hadap Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa
Pandemi Covid-19. JINOTEP (Jurnal
Inovasi Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran):
Kajian Dan Riset Dalam Teknologi Pem-
belajaran, 7(2), 124-132.
Nuryatin, S. (2020). Adaptasi metode pembe-
lajaran melalui e-learning untuk mengh-
adapi era new normal.
Puspitorini, F. (2020). Strategi Pembelajaran
Di Perguruan Tinggi Pada Masa Pandemi
Covid-19.  Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah,  1(1),
99-106.

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

CHILDREN CHARACTER BUILDING BY USING
TRADITIONAL SUNDANESE GAMES

Muhammad Ridzki S, Sriati Dwiatmini
Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia (ISBI) Bandung

[email protected]

Abstract

In the past, traditional games, among Sundanese communities, were created to fill children’s
time before gadgets or digital games take over the children’s time. Building character occurs
when traditional games and every movement or behaviour of the traditional games are played.
By using qualitative research methods, this research found that traditional game can be used
as a learning media for building characters of children, in which every movement in the game
has a meaning and make children have strong characters. Various types of traditional games
are played by more than 2 people, and the principles in traditional games is that the more the
players are, they can be enjoyed more. Indeed, nowadays, there are obstacles that affect the
sustainability of traditional games, including 1) lack of knowledge among children about the
traditional games, 2) the less numbers of play grounds, and 3) the difficulty in availability of
instruments/equipments to play the traditional games. Therefore, it is very necessary to educate
children about Kaulinan Barudak (traditional games) to sustain and maintain this traditional
culture.

Keywords: character building, traditional games, children

INTRODUCTION games to children today so that the culture
Kaulinan barudak or a traditional games does not disappear. If this traditional game
does not passed on to the next generation, it
among the Sundanese community which has might result to disappear in the future. Now-
been practiced for a long time, has a mean- adays, children prefer modern games such as
ing in their movements and activities. Kauli- online games that do not require much time
nan barudak or traditional children’s games to prepare. Unlike traditional games which
nowadays are getting rarely played and chil- require time to prepare the playing ground,
dren are not interested to play it, because of the playing instruments and the players. Ac-
online games which much more interested for cording to Imansah (2019), there are 3 reasons
children. Even, since aged 3 years children that make traditional games do not interested,
have played online games, In fact, this situa- namely the playing area, playing instruments,
tion gradually marginalised traditional games and the readiness of the player members which
which actually contain a lot of meanings and are difficult to regulate. These three things are
character building. The traditional games or dominant factors that make traditional games
kaulinan barudak in practice contains a lot
of moral values such as cooperation, helping have begun to be forgotten.
each other, sharing, and trusting each other The Hong community is a community fo-
(Danasasmita, 2001: 100)
cused on preserving traditional games. It is
It is important to introduce traditional located in Bandung, West Java, and there are

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

2,600 traditional games that have been docu- Review Literature
mented by the Hong community, to preserve Nia Dewi Mayakania (2013: 444 - 454)
these games even though there are no more
people playing them. in her article examines character building
in Kaulinan Barudak singing, that believed
Character building is currently being containing many values, ranging from musi-
carried out with various media, it can also cal elements and the language used is instill-
be through videos, cartoons, video games or ing good characters. The author’s research is
even those that have been implemented since more focused on researching character build-
ancient times, namely through kaulinan baru- ing through body movements in traditional
dak. Kaulinan barudak is a traditional game games, not paying attention to aspects of sing-
originating from the Sundanese community, ing, language or musical elements, focusing
it can also be referred to as fun games (Eti on gestures in the game. In Kaulinan Barudak,
Mulyati, 2008: 75). As stated by Afiati (2012: these movements are adapted and applied to
16) character building is the process of trans- some Sundanese proverbs which is a novelty
ferring the values of life to be developed by a in the research.
person to internalize them and become good
behaviour. Character building must be passed Zaenal Mukarom (2018: 2-16) researched
down to the next generation which can use the traditional game named sorodot gaplok.
various media to convey it. Daryanto and The results of his research show that there are
Suryatri (2013: 121) explain that education a lot of moral messages contained in the game,
since ancient times has been applied through every movement symbolizes something called
various media, kaulinan barudak has actually character education. His research also states
been used as a medium to provide character that the traditional game of sorodot gaplok has
building, but by emphasizing that character a role to build good character. The difference
building is to transform the values of life and with the author’s research is in using differ-
characters so that humans can be noble before ent types of games, the author will examine
God, the environment and others. Character 2 kinds of games, namely on perepet jengkol
building is prioritized and is usually applied to and oray-orayan.
children from an early age, because it is very
necessary to be given the character building Zubaedi (2011: 3-9) stated that character
that is formed from an early age. education has 3 functions. First, it functions as
a potential explorer for everyone to see what
Character building is found in movements, potential a person has. Second, it functions as a
rules of the game, singing and other aspects means of improving and strengthening the role
that exist in Kaulinan Barudak. This Kaulinan of the family, the environment or the surround-
Barudak can be used as a medium for charac- ing community. Third, it functions as a filter
ter building, as stated by Zaini Alif that when that we can use to filter external culture wheth-
we play Kaulinan Barudak, we can’t instil er it is not appropriate or not. This research
characters. When playing Kaulinan Barudak, helps the author in determining or applying the
it doesn’t mean that we just play games, yet character education in the Kaulinan Barudak.
there are many different values that can be ap-
plied in our lives. Lahpan (2015: 31-41) discusses the sym-
bols in Islamic music performances and ex-
amines what these symbols have meanings in

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 179
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

society. Geert’s theory of symbolic interpreta- ondary sources. Primary sources are obtained
tion used to explain the meanings. In this re- when direct research in the field research,
search, the author uses the theory of symbolic while secondary data is obtained from previ-
interpretivism to analyse the movement sym- ous studies and books to complete the refer-
bols on the kaulinan barudak which contain ences.
character education.
The method of data collection is also car-
Arofah Aini Laila (2017: 1 - 9) examines ried out by informal interviews, to make the
Javanese beliefs in Ersta Andantino’s Wuni interviewees are more realx in answering
novel using the symbolic interpretation theo- questions.
ry proposed by Geertz in her studies. The re-
search from Arofah is used as a reference for Field observations were carried out in the
the author in analyzing a phenomenon using Hong community, Bandung, where a lot of
the theory of symbolic interpretivism, and to children play kaulinan barudak in the Hong
analyze the movements in Kaulinan barudak community area.
in the form of movement symbols.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Research Methods 1. Symbol of Body Movements in Kaulinan
This research is a qualitative descriptive Barudak Oray-Orayan

research because the data to be collected and This traditional game oray-orayan has of-
processed in this study are in the form of ten been played by Sundanese children since
words, not numbers. In addition, this study long time ago. In this game there are several
is intended to describe or describe existing aspects, namely body movements, singing,
phenomena regarding character education in language and musical instruments. In this
Kaulinan Barudak. study, we will focus on aspects of body move-
ments.
This research is conducted with the ethic
and emic perspective, to interpret further on The body movements in the game of oray-
the data which conducted by participant ob- orayan consists of several people holding on
servation. to each other’s shoulders and marching back-
wards lengthwise like snakes. The players
Endraswara (2003: 34) suggests about will sing a particular song for this game. Ac-
ethics and emic that: cording to Cecep 03 August 2021 (Hong com-
munity administrator), this oray-orayan game
“The term ethics is usually applied in sci- in each player holds each other’s shoulders
ence that requires observation, but emic symbolizes a collaboration between players.
can be applied so as to produce a subjective/ The author interpret the movement symbols
objective description. In short, ethics/emic is using symbolic interpretivism and finds that
actually the basis of research that seeks to un- the movements made by the children interpret
derstand human behaviour. The behaviour is a symbol of cooperation, especially when the
full of meaning, because in it there are various players grip each other’s shoulders and follow
symbols.” the movement of the person who is the snake’s
head, all players follow the movements and
To obtain data, the authors use 2 kinds grooves determined by the head snake until fi-
of sources, namely primary sources and sec-

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

nally one of the players will be caught and do who are disturbing because they are often an-
the challenge given. The symbol of movement gry or easy cry.
in this game has a lot of interpretations of co-
hesiveness and teamwork. In this game of perepet jengkol, players
must be able to play without choosing who
In a Sundanese proverb, this game is ap- they want to play with because all players
plicable for the proverb “Ka cai jadi saleuwi, are randomly selected through hompimpa.
ka darat jadi salogak” which means being to- Hompimpa Alaium Gambreng comes from
gether and maintaining commitments. In this the Sanskrit language which means “From
game the players must be together so they are God back to god, let’s play” with the imple-
not easily caught and must be able to “Gede mentation of hompimpa means all players
Hate” which means being steadfast in accept- must be able to accept whatever the decision
ing defeat when we are caught, as players also and whatever the result, the most important
don’t have the nature of “Belikan” meaning thing is that all players must be able to play.
irritable, easily angry, and sensitive if you are
in a losing position. This becomes a character education, chil-
dren who play perepet jengkol are indirectly
2. Symbol of Body Movements in Kaulinan instilled in the good characters to be able to
Barudak Perepet Jengkol work together, to be consistent, and hard work.

This traditional game of perepet jengkol CONCLUSION
is usually played by 4 people, the purpose of Traditional games are rarely played today,
this game is to lock each other’s feet and body
movements to the rhythm of music and sing- in fact, in traditional games there are a lot of
ing, while playing the game the four players character education, that can be used as a me-
must work together to keep their feet locked dium to instil character education, that can be
and survive as long as possible. taught both outside school or inside school.
During outside school, when children are in
The symbol of interlocking foot move- playing time, usually it can be easier to instil
ments interprets the Sundanese proverb “Sa- characters while playing. This method has
cangreud pageuh, sagolek pangkek” which been widely used and the results are quite ef-
means consistent in cooperating and consis- fective.
tent in helping each other. If you pay attention
to other movements, the players must main- The oray-orayan game interprets a char-
tain balance with each other and must be able acter education that are instilled include co-
to communicate well between players in order operation, following the rules when playing,
to maintain balance between players. and being able to instil a big-hearted character
(able to accept the situation in any situation).
Before the game starts there will be a
hompimpa (a way to determine who won and The game of perepet jengkol instils good
lost by using the palm of the hand) to choose characters to work together so that during the
who will play first. And, like in other games, game it can run smoothly and last as long as
we must not have the nature of “Belikan” or possible. The next character is good commu-
do not accept when not selected, usually chil- nication, in which playing perepet jengkol
dren who “Belikan” are considered as players trains communication between players so that
they can cooperate with each other when the
players play the game.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 181
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

REFERENCE
Afiati, L. N., (2012). Kajian struktur, konteks

pertunjukan, dan fungsi dalam kakawi-
han kaulinan barudak lembur pada mas-
yarakat sunda serta model pelestarian.
(Tesis), Bandung: Universitas Pendi-
dikan Indonesia.
Darmawan, Ma’mur Danasasmita., & Wawan.
( 2015). Rumpon Paribasa Sunda. Band-
ung: Penerbit Yrama Widya.
Daryanto dan Suryatri. (2013). Implementasi
Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah. Band-
ung: Gava Media.
Eti Mulyati. (2013) Kaulinan Barudak se-
bagai Sumber Penciptaan Tari Anak-
anak di Kabupaten Sumedang . (Jurnal
panggung) Vol. 23
Neneng Y. Khozanatu Lahpan (2014) Pro-
ducing Appropriation: Negotiating Is-
lam-Sunda in Terebang Sejak. (Interna-
tional Journal of Nusantara Islam) Vol.2
No.2
Nia Maya Kania (2013) Internalisasi Nilai-
nilai Pendidikan Karakter melalui Ka-
kawihan Kaulinan Barudak Buhun di
Komunitas Hong Bandung. (Jurnal Pang-
gung) Vol. 3 No.2

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

THE COLLABORATIVE ROLE OF PARENTS IN EDUCATION
IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL LEARNING

Muhammad Shidiq
Institus Seni Budaya Indonesia (ISBI) Bandung
Jalan Buah Batu No. 212, Cijagra, Kec. Lengkong, Kota Bandung, 40265

[email protected]

Abstract

The era of digitalization has begun with a little coercion from the Covid-19 pandemic. Educa-
tion practitioners must be able to adapt the situation to the educational needs of the younger
generations. In practice, nowadays the role of parents is very crucial in the midst of this digital
learning. This is because distance learning requires students to get learning at home. Thus,
automatically the role of parents is needed at least to fulfill the function of the supervisory role
of students. The method used in this article is a qualitative method based on interview data
from teachers and parents of students as individuals who play a role in online learning. From
observations based on data, it can be concluded that the collaborative role of parents in dis-
tance learning is one element that cannot be missed to maximize distance learning. The reason
is, with the role of parents in learning, students become more active and focused in receiving
learning process.

Keywords: Digital Learning, Collaborative Role, Parents

INTRODUCTION Figure 1. Zoom and Google Meet Logos
Education is a primary human need to live (source: Google, accssesed on
20th September 2021)
and adapt to circumstances. In practice, educa-
tion will also adapt to the human condition at Indonesia is not lagging behind on the
a certain time. For example, today’s education progress of online learning. Many devel-
(both system and practice) must adapt to the opments have been made by the Indonesian
human condition in the midst of the COVID-19 people to develop this distance learning tech-
pandemic. One of the educational practices nology. Starting from learning to use appli-
that is being intensively developed is distance cations that are not related to education such
learning utilizing internet technology. as Zoom and GoogleMeet, to starting to use
existing websites to carry out online learning
Learning using internet technology (online practices, for example Emodo. Not to men-
learning) has actually been developed even tion, several parties in Indonesia have started
before this pandemic. However, with the pres- to develop their own educational websites to
ence of the covid-19 virus, humans are forced
to develop online learning even faster. The
reason is, humans still cannot determine how
long this pandemic will last while education is
a need that must continue to be met as well as
the needs of clothing, food, and housing.

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accommodate learning in Indonesia with the that “Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar untuk
applicable curriculum in this country, for ex- menyiapkan peserta didik melalui kegiatan
ample the Skaci application. bimbingan, pengajaran, dan/atau latihan
bagi peranannya di masa yang akan datang”
Figure 2. Edmodo and SKACI Logos (Education is a conscious effort to prepare
(source: Google, accssesed on students through guidance, teaching, and/or
20th September 2021) training activities for their roles in the future).
Of course, based on the law it is stated that ed-
Unfortunately, these technological devel- ucation consists of three important activities,
opments have somewhat forgotten the fact namely guidance, teaching, and training with
that learning is not only about delivering ma- the aim of preparing students for their lives in
terial from educators to students. There are the future. Therefore, it can be observed that
other factors that make classroom learning online learning only includes learning and
an education. These factors are socialization practice points, while mentoring is not fully
factors between humans and other humans. It covered by this online learning.
is true if you see that online learning is very
reliable for carrying out learning, but unfortu- The practice of learning in the classroom
nately the function of education in this type of (offline) certainly fulfills the mentoring func-
learning has not been fully fulfilled. tion because basically educators in the class-
room always monitor and supervise students
Education seen from the concept is a guid- in learning. This relates to the development,
ing activity carried out by educators to stu- attitudes, acceptance of the students them-
dents. Rasyidin (2014, p. 17) states that “pen- selves, to determining the best method that can
didikan adalah rangkaian kegiatan-kegiatan be applied in the classroom with certain char-
manusia tertuju terhadap manusia muda se- acteristics. While online learning, students
bagai sesama secara bertanggungjawab, da- will follow their respective learning activities
lam situasi pergaulan dan kebersamaan, tem- without being fully supervised by educators.
pat upaya memengaruhi dilakukan dengan
penghargaan dan pendekatan pribadi” (edu- Based on this point of view, the author
cation is a series of human activities aimed at finds that there is a very urgent need for prob-
young humans as responsible fellows, in so- lem solving from online learning. The reason
cial and togetherness situations, where efforts is, the function of guidance (and supervision)
to influence are carried out with respect and a in an education is a crucial function. Just
personal approach). Based on this statement, imagine if learning is done without supervi-
it can be concluded that education is not only sion because educators and students are not in
an activity of transferring knowledge from the same room. There is a high possibility that
educators to students. Educational activities students do not focus on learning, especially
are more than just delivery but also include students at the basic education level.
guiding and guiding students. Moreover, in
UU SISDIKNAS pasal 1, 1989 it is stated Therefore, it is better to start an effort to
find ways to fulfill these mentoring activities
through online learning. One way that can be
used is to work with parents at home. The role
of parents will be indispensable in guiding
students as long as educators cannot fulfill it
in online learning.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 185
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

What is expected from the collaborative “metode penelitian kualitatif adalah metode
role of parents is to increase supervision and penelitian yang di gunakan untuk meneli-
guidance for students during online learning. ti pada kondisi objek yang alamiah, dimana
Thus, online learning carried out at home can peneliti adalah instrumen kunci, teknik peng-
also be carried out optimally even though the umpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi
educator does not directly guide and supervise (gabungan), analisis data bersifat induktif
students. dimana hasil penelitian lebih menekankan
makna dari pada generalisasi” (qualitative
The main purpose of this paper is to high- research methods are research methods used
light the role of these parents in online learn- to examine the condition of natural objects,
ing. The main thing is the role of parents to where the researcher is the key instrument,
fulfill the function of guiding and supervising data collection techniques are carried out by
students in participating in online learning. It triangulation (combined), data analysis is
is this point of view that the author will reveal inductive where research results emphasize
because from a technological point of view, meaning rather than generalization).
it seems that there are already many develop-
ers who are carrying out projects to achieve Therefore, the researchers considered this
effective and efficient education during this method suitable for revealing the truth of the
pandemic. phenomenon about the collaborative role of
parents in online learning for students.
METHOD
The method in this study is to use a de- The object of observation is educators
and students who are randomly selected from
scriptive qualitative method in which I Made various schools and from three different lev-
Wirartha (2006, p. 155) states that “metode els. The levels of education are Elementa-
analisis deskriptif kualitatif adalah menganal- ry School (SD), Junior High School (SMP),
isis, menggambarkan, dan meringkas berb- and Senior High School (SMA). In addition
agai kondisi, situasi dari berbagai data yang to being the object of observation, educators
dikumpulkan berupa hasil wawacara atau are also interviewees given to determine the
pengamatan mengenai masalah yang diteli- effectiveness, constraints, and whether or not
ti yang terjadi di lapangan” (the method of the role of parents in student learning is good.
qualitative descriptive analysis is to analyze,
describe, and summarize various conditions, In addition to educators, the researcher
situations from various data collected in the also gave interviews to parents of students
form of interviews or observations regarding from three different levels (elementary, ju-
researched problems that occur in the field). In nior high, and high school) about things about
other words, this study utilizes researcher ob- online learning. In addition, interviews were
servations and interviews from various sourc- also directed to find out the obstacles experi-
es as research data. Furthermore, the data that enced by students in online learning (beyond
has been obtained is described theoretically to technical constraints). Thus, the data taken
reveal the researcher’s hypothesis regarding came from three different sources, namely the
the benefits of the collaborative role of par- observations of researchers, educators, and
ents on the effectiveness of online learning. In parents of students. These three data sources
addition, Sugiyono (2012, p.1) states that

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were taken to fulfill the triangulation needed that this application can be used for learning,
to conclude the qualitative data hypothesis. but that does not mean it is in accordance with
Based on what was conveyed by Moleong the needs of the class, especially in the curric-
(2010, p. 330) triangulation is a data validi- ulum in Indonesia.
ty checking technique that utilizes something
other than the data for checking purposes or as Technological development became even
a comparison against the data. more rapid when the pandemic began. De-
velopers are competing to develop ways,
RESULT AND DISCUSSION methods, and technologies to accommodate
Departing from the need for human ad- distance learning due to health protocols.
However, here, it seems that how to accom-
aptation to the disaster of the Covid-19 virus modate learning from the point of view of
pandemic, every area of l​​ife has at least un- education itself is not highlighted. Before go-
dergone changes and adjustments. The educa- ing any further, it is necessary to distinguish
tion sector is no exception. Previously, due to between education and learning/teaching in
advances in communication technology (in- meaning and practice.
ternet), humans began to try to develop every-
thing based on the internet. Starting from buy- The teacher is a profession that is assigned
ing and selling transactions to transportation. to an educator (that’s why this village is called
One of those affected by this development is an educator. In other words, his job is to edu-
the world of education. cate. Education itself has a fairly broad mean-
ing. In the UU SISDIKNAS pasal 1, 1989 it
Long before online education was forced is stated that “Pendidikan adalah usaha sa-
to develop, humans had actually tried to de- dar untuk menyiapkan peserta didik melalui
velop distance education technology. Many kegiatan bimbingan, pengajaran, dan/atau
applications are created to perform such ac- latihan bagi peranannya di masa yang akan
tivities. Examples are the Edmodo application datang” (Education is a conscious effort to
for external works and Skaci for local works. prepare students through guidance, teach-
There are many other similar applications that ing, and/or training activities for their future
can be used as examples. However, the de- roles). Based on the law, education includes
velopers of these applications are considered three main activities, namely guidance, teach-
at a leisurely pace that tends to be slow. The ing, and training. It can be concluded that ed-
reason is, until before the pandemic began, ucation is declared as an activity that is truly
the development of this technology was still truly educating if it includes these three activ-
limited to social media-based applications ities. In Undang-undang  No 20 Tahun 2003
that could accommodate written distance ed- tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, pasal 1
ucation. No development has been made for states that:
online learning with the virtual face-to-face
concept. Although it has now been widely de- “Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan ter-
veloped, at first distance learning only relied encana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar
on applications that were actually developed dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik
more for distance meetings. Examples are secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirin-
Zoom and GoogleMeet applications. It is true ya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keag-
amaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, ke-

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IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

cerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan commodate the full function of education. If
yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa we talk about learning with the understanding
dan negara”. (Education is a conscious and of conveying information from educators to
planned effort to create a learning atmosphere students, of course this has been realized. But
and learning process so that students actively once again education is not only about this.
develop their potential to have religious spir-
itual strength, self-control, personality, intel- All of this previously was not a sarcastic
ligence, noble character, and skills needed by statement or an allegation but should be used
themselves, society, nation and state). as a starting point for education practitioners
to start paying attention to education during
The question that arises based on this de- the pandemic in terms of fulfilling the goals
scription is, can online learning cover it all? It of education itself. Starting from the need
can be concluded that teaching and education for data analysis and needs and the creation
are not the same thing. Teaching is part of ed- of solutions to this problem. The technology
ucational practice. Education itself has a fairly point of view will run and develop according
broad meaning, namely activities to educate to needs if these needs have been identified
and develop the potential of students from a and solutions are found.
spiritual point of view, self-control, person-
ality, intelligence, noble character, and skills. The results of the qualitative research
Meanwhile, teaching activities only cover part that the researchers conducted through ob-
of educational practice, namely conveying servations (interviews, observations, and data
knowledge or providing new information car- search through questionnaires) to parents of
ried out by educators to students. Learning is students, educators, and students from various
not an activity that aims to develop students. levels, the researchers found that the role of
parents held a crucial key in the practice of
The question that arises based on this de- online learning.
scription is, can online learning cover it all? It
can be concluded that teaching and education It is known previously, the role of educa-
are not the same thing. Teaching is part of ed- tors in education in schools (offline) is very
ucational practice. Education itself has a fairly large. Moreover, the term “second parent/at
broad meaning, namely activities to educate school” has become a common term known
and develop the potential of students from a to many parties. Likewise, the duties of ed-
spiritual point of view, self-control, person- ucators in schools are like substitute parents
ality, intelligence, noble character, and skills. while at school. The task of educators is not
Meanwhile, teaching activities only cover part only to provide information and knowledge
of educational practice, namely conveying but also to pay attention to the development
knowledge or providing new information car- of students directly and guide students to
ried out by educators to students. Learning is gain new skills or knowledge. More than that,
not an activity that aims to develop students. Rochmawati (2018) in her journal states that:

Therefore, during the pandemic, education “Guru harus mempunyai kepribadian yang
in Indonesia certainly does not meet the crite- baik, terutama harus menanamkan kejujuran
ria. This is because online learning cannot ac- kepada dirinya sendiri, sehingga nantinya
aspek keteladanan ini akan ditiru oleh anak
didik. Dengan demikian, kompetensi kepriba-

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dian merupakan hal yang sangat vital untuk Based on this statement, it can be under-
dimiliki dan dimatangkan oleh guru, agar lined that educators carry out the task of guid-
nantinya pada saat diterapkan kepada anak ing students (students) towards maturity. This
didik akan mampu dilaksanakan dengan bai- is like a parent’s duty to their children to take
koleh anak didik”. (Teachers must have good them, prepare them, and of course guide them
personalities, especially they must instill hon- to face real life when they grow up. In other
esty in themselves, so that later this exempla- words, educators and parents have the same
ry aspect will be imitated by students. Thus, role and are equally important only in differ-
personality competence is a very vital thing to ent places and contexts. Parents will carry out
be owned and matured by the teacher, so that their duties when students are out of school
later when it is applied to students it will be while teachers (educators) will carry out their
able to be implemented properly by students). roles in the school environment. More specif-
ically, Minsih and Galih (2018, p. 20) state
It can be concluded that, to become an that:
educator (teacher) requires certain competen-
cies so that the function of mentoring students “Kegiatan guru didalam kelas meliputi dua
can be fulfilled. This statement reinforces that hal pokok, yaitu mengajar dan mengelola
educators are not only tasked with providing kelas. Kegiatan mengajar dimaksudkan se-
knowledge in the form of information to stu- cara langsung menggiatkan siswa mencapai
dents, but also must be able to guide students tujuan-tujuan. Kegiatan mengelola kelas ber-
like parents at home. This statement is rein- maksud menciptakan dan mempertahankan
forced by Sadulloh who defines educators as suasana (kondisi) kelas agar kegiatan menga-
follows: jar itu dapat berlangsung secara efektif dan
efisien”. (Teacher activities in the classroom
“Pendidik adalah orang yang membimbing include two main things, namely teaching and
anak, agar si anak tersebut bisa menuju ke managing the class. Teaching activities are in-
arah kedewasaan dalam pelaksanaannya da- tended to directly activate students to achieve
lam keluarga maupun di luar lembaga kelu- goals. Classroom management activities aim
arga. Sebaliknya anak didik merupakan pi- to create and maintain a class atmosphere
hak yang dibantu oleh pendidik selain tidak (condition) so that teaching activities can take
berdaya, namun dia memiliki potansi tertentu place effectively and efficiently).
untuk berkembang. Karena memiliki memiliki
potensi itulah, pendidik berusaha mengem- Associated with the phenomenon of on-
bangkannya secara optimal”. (Educators are line learning today, of course, educators can-
people who guide children, so that the child not fully carry out the tasks that are supposed
can lead to maturity in its implementation to be carried out by them. This is because the
within the family and outside the family insti- supervisor’s role can only be done if educa-
tution. On the other hand, students are parties tors and students experience direct contact
who are assisted by educators besides being with each other. Online learning is only able
helpless, but they have certain potentials to to accommodate the transfer of knowledge
develop. Because it has that potential, educa- from educators to students.
tors try to develop it optimally) (2017, p. 127).
It is at this point that the role of parents be-

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 189
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

comes very crucial in the context of students’ elementary school (SD) students. At the mid-
school learning. The role of guiding and su- dle and upper levels it also occurs with differ-
pervising cannot be ignored just because ent contexts but with the same effect, namely
learning can take place online. The transfer of diverting students’ learning concentration.
knowledge from educators and students can
not fully be said to be an educational activi- The next most striking challenge is when
ty without guidance and supervision. Because parents have to work. This happens to parents
in online learning educators cannot fulfill that of students who both work. In normal learn-
role, the only ones here who can fulfill this ing in the classroom, working parents not only
role are parents. send their children to school to be prepared
to become strong individuals for real-world
1. Parental Challenges in Online Learning challenges but also as a place where children
Carrying out the role of parents for chil- are entrusted with their existence. However,
when online learning was forced to do, some
dren who take part in online learning is certain- parents (who worked) were confused about it.
ly not an easy thing. Many issues are growing This will be easier when the parent has a third
about how the role of parents becomes very party (eg a nanny) at home. However, not all
large for the continuity of children’s education parents have this. In other words, parents also
during this online learning period. At a certain have to choose between these two equally im-
point, many have just realized how the role of portant roles. There are also those who choose
educators in the classroom turns out to have to run both at the same time. For those who
special skills and training so that not everyone choose this, it will certainly be a challenge for
is able to carry it out. them to balance their concentration between
carrying out their work and controlling their
Departing from these issues, of course children’s online learning process.
now parents face new challenges in guiding
their own children in the online learning pro- 2. The Big Role of Parents in Online Learning
cess. From the data obtained by the research- So far, it’s clear how big the role of par-
er, there are indications that the main issue in
this role is how to control students to stay fo- ents in online learning is. Without the role of
cused on learning. parents, online learning will not run optimally
both for the process and for the absorption of
Saturation is something that is always students to the lessons given.
inherent in the learning process both in the
classroom (offline) and even more so at home However, on this issue, the maximum role
(online). Learning in the classroom is carried of parents itself is an obstacle. The maximum
out with a lot of attention to the climate and at- role of parents in children’s online learning
mosphere so that students as much as possible has not yet found its highest point. The reason
always concentrate on their learning. Com- is, online learning which seems forced (due
pared to learning at home, the situation is not to the influence of the pandemic) makes all
always certain. There are many temptations elements of education have to adapt quickly.
in the home environment that might break the However, no matter how fast, adaptation will
concentration of students in participating in take time. During the learning time that has
online learning. This is not only the case for taken place, the role of parents is still not op-

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timal because not all parents of students are Basically, the data obtained from the re-
parents who supervise their children 24 hours spondents’ parents illustrate that the role of
at home. Many of the parents of students have parents is very crucial so that online learning
jobs to support their household life. Thus, can be carried out optimally. Because with-
their role cannot simply be transferred to chil- out supervision, not all students can control
dren’s learning, which they previously trusted their motivation and focus on learning. There
entirely to the school environment. Although should be a little encouragement from par-
in theory parents also play a role in children’s ents so that students are able to stay focused
education, the way online learning changes in learning. In addition, the role of parents is
this portion of the role. also related to learning motivation and the
absorption of students into learning. It seems
The school can try to increase the maxi- that students at the elementary level still need
mum level of parents in their children’s online direct direction and explanation from their
learning. This can be done by socializing and closest people to understand learning. In the
forming a learning system that makes parents context of learning in the classroom, of course
have an active role in the learning. However, this will be done by educators who will be a
to cover all parents who have diverse work place to ask questions and focus on students
backgrounds, it seems that it takes a long time understanding the material. However, in the
to create the learning system. context of online learning, the role is entirely
held by parents as the only people who may be
3. The Influence of Parents’ Collaborative there when students are doing online learning.
Roles in Online Learning
4. Building the Collaborative Role of Par-
Based on the data collection carried out, ents in Online Learning
it was concluded that with the supervision
and active role of parents in online learn- The role of parents in students’ online
ing, a prominent effect was seen compared learning is very crucial. It is undeniable,
to students’ online learning without the role however, that parents are key holders in the
of parents. Field observations illustrate how continuity of education during this pandemic.
students always experience problems in their Without the role of parents, learning activities
focus and consistency in participating in on- are only in the form of delivering knowledge
line learning. Respondents from the educator from educators to students without any guar-
group stated that the role of parents in online antee of turning these students into superior
learning was very influential on students’ human resources and ready to face real life.
learning motivation. Thus, the absorption of
knowledge itself will not run optimally. More- Therefore, there needs to be awareness
over, for students at a more elementary level of parents and educational institutions in car-
(SD), there are times when a re-explanation rying out online learning. There needs to be
is needed from parents to explain the material cooperation so that parents become more ac-
or tasks given by the educator. Some respon- tive in supervising the teaching and learning
dents also indicated that without the role of process of students. Such cooperation needs
parents, students cannot manage their time, so to be built strong and based on active com-
that students sometimes lag behind the lesson munication between parents and educational
time that has been determined.