Proceeding Department of Cultural Anthropology ISBI Bandung

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 91
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

4. Copywriting The following is the design result of the
Likewise, media designers also tell sto- Museum SMB II picture book which can be
ries. These stories are largely visual, attracting described as follows:
interest with structure, colour, and flair. The
media designer attempts to weave their nar- 1) Character Design
rative through a series of ideals and end goals This picture book is equipped with illus-
that are either dictated to them or determined trations of the characters Cek Bagus and Cek
by them. In working with copywriters, visual Ayu, as the mascots of the Museum SMB II,
design can be elevated with greater meaning and Aki from the past, which guide the read-
(Ahern and Best, 2020). The copywriting in ers to read every piece of information listed
this picture book was tailored for elementa- on the picture book pages. On the front and
ry school students, with popular words like, back covers, Cek Bagus, Cek Ayu and Aki like
“Yuk” or local words like nickname “Cek” traveling in the passage of time that leads the
and “Dik” for the main characters. The invit- readers to an adventure to the past Sriwijaya
ing words also applied in the title : “Yuk Ber- and Palembang.
petualang di Museum” which means “Let’s
Go To The Museum.”

5. Layout Figure 4. Characters in Museum SMB II Picture
Layout is an arrangement of elements book cover (Aki, Cek Bagus & Cek Ayu)
that make up a meaningful message, to help (Source : Yuk Berpetualang ke Museum!
the designer create visualizations by orga- Picture book)
nizing mechanical and symbolic functions.
(Soewardikoen, 2015). Physically, the layout 2) Prototype of Picture Book Design
is a design that indicates the location of the
information media components, in this case This picture book is planned to be printed in
a picture book, the communication is some-
what more effective. The grid arrangement in 20 cm x 25 cm in 36 pages, printed on 120 gsm
this picture book uses one column using radial
balance centred in the middle, and the same glossy art paper material. For the future plan,
margin between bottom-top, left-right so that
visual elements look balanced and remain in- this picture book can also be connected digitally
formative.
and read on a smartphone for easy access.

8. Media Concept and The Children Book
Prototype

The main media concept in this design is
a printed picture book, which can also be ac-
cessed digitally. This picture book is 20 cm x
25 cm in 36 pages, printed on 120 gsm glossy
art paper material.

PROCEEDING THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL 92
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

Figure 5. Preview of Picture Book Design “Yuk dan Ilustrasi Pada Buku Cergam Anak’,
Berpetualang ke Museum!” Jurnal Seni dan Reka Rancang: Jurnal
Ilmiah Magister Desain, 1(1), pp. 63–82.
(Source : “Yuk Berpetualang ke Museum!” doi: 10.25105/jsrr.v1i1.3878.
Picture book) Hladíková, H. (2014) ‘Children’s Book Il-
lustrations: Visual Language of Picture
CONCLUSION Books.’, CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre
Museum needs to provide an educational for Research and Interdisciplinary Study,
pp. 19–31. Available at: https://www.
media as a bridge that facilitates the students’ praguecollege.cz/hubfs/Docs/Bulletin/
need for historical, cultural and artistic expe- crisbulletin_2014_01_web_v3.pdf.
rience. Educational media in the form of a pic- Kartaatmadja, H. (2015) ‘Studi Ilustrasi Karak-
ture book, can help students feel the experi- ter Anak Indonesia Untuk Rekomendasi
ence of visiting the Museum Sultan Mahmud Pembuatan Buku Cergam Anak’, Prosid-
Badaruddin II, also learn about the history of ing Seminar Nasional Cendekiawan, II,
the past. In the further research, it is hoped pp. 145–159. Available at: http://www.
that the features offered by this picture book trijurnal.lemlit.trisakti.ac.id/index.php/
are not only limited to introducing the profile semnas/article/view/129.
and collection of the Museum SMB II, but McCannon, D., Thonton, S. and Williams, Y.
also offering various educational games and (2008) The Encyclopedia of Writing and
media explorations that can make the experi- Illustrating Children’s Book : From Cre-
ence of introducing the Museum SMB II more ating Characters To Developing Stories,
enjoyable. A Step-By-Step Guide To Making Mag-
ical Picture Books. Edited by L. Dalby.
REFERENCES Philadephia: Running Press.
Apsari, D. and Guna Putra, W. T. (2021) ‘Me- Mudayana, A. A., Wiboeo, M. and Gusnita,
E. (2018) ‘Pelatihan Perancangan Media
mahami Ekspresi Emosional Melalui Ba- Promosi Kesehatan Kepada Siswa Sma
hasa Visual Dalam Buku Cergam Anak Muhammadiyah Di Wilayah Kabupat-
“Little Grey”’, Desain Komunikasi Visu- en Kebumen’, Jurnal Pemberdayaan:
al, Manajemen Desain dan Periklanan Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada
(Demandia), 6(1), p. 1. doi: 10.25124/ Masyarakat, 1(2), p. 481. doi: 10.12928/
demandia.v6i1.2743. jp.v1i2.339.
Hanisha, F., Djalari, Y. A. and Hutama, K. O.D, O. (2014) ‘Relevance of Educational
(2018) ‘Bahasa Visual , Gambar Anak, Media and Multimedia Technology for
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tion (IOSRJRME), 4(2), pp. 48–51. doi:
10.9790/7388-04214851.

Puspitarini, Y. D. and Hanif, M. (2019) ‘Us-

ing Learning Media to Increase Learning

Motivation in Elementary School’, Ana-

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 93
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

tolian Journal of Education, 4(2), pp.
53–60. doi: 10.29333/aje.2019.426a.
Radeta, M. et al. (2017) ‘Gaming Versus
Storytelling: Understanding Children’s
Interactive Experiences in a Museum
Setting’, Lecture Notes in Computer Sci-
ence (including subseries Lecture Notes
in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture
Notes in Bioinformatics), 10690 LNCS,
pp. 163–178. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-
71027-3_14.
Rini, M. and Harahab, N. (2018) ‘The Influ-
ence of Endorser in Social Media Toward
Consumer Decision Making with AISAS
Model (Attention, Interest, Search, Ac-
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of FIisheries and Marine Journal, 6(1).
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sofim.2018.006.01.10.
Salam, S. (2017) Seni Ilustrasi : Esensi - Sang
Ilustrator - Lintasan - Penilaian. Makas-
sar: Badan Penerbit UNM Universitas
Negeri Makassar.
Sugiyono (2018) Metode Penelitian Kuanti-
tatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Al-
fabeta.

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

GADOD WEAVING TRADITION IN NUNUK BARU VILLAGE,
MAJALENGKA REGENCY, WEST JAVA

Djuniwarti1, Yupi Sundari2, Annisa Arum Mayang3
Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Indonesia has varied of traditional cloth. Almost every ethnic group has a variety of traditional
cloth with its own uniqueness. The uniqueness can be seen in the motifs drawn in the cloth. Al-
though the use of traditional cloth in fashion products is increasing, there are some varieties of
weaving traditional cloth that are not widely known to the public, one of which is Gadod weav-
ing from Majalengka. There are some reports written explaining that the weaving is threatened
with extinction, but there has been no anthropological study of the Gadod weaving motif in the
weaving tradition in Majalengka. Thus, this research needs to be carried out to introduce and
promote the Gadod weaving tradition and strive to preserve the weaving tradition in Majaleng-
ka. Qualitative descriptive research with field study and documentary methods will be used in
this study.

Keywords: motif, symbol, gadod weaving, weaving tradition

Abstrak

Indonesia memiliki banyak kain tradisional. Hampir setiap suku memiliki berbagai kain tra-
disional dengan keunikan tersendiri. Keunikannya bisa dilihat pada motif yang digambar. Mes-
ki penggunaan kain tradisional dalam produk fashion semakin meningkat, ada banyak varietas
tenun kain tradisional yang tidak banyak dikenal masyarakat, salah satunya tenun Gadod dari
Majalengka. Ada banyak laporan yang menulis bahwa tenun terancam punah, tetapi belum
ada studi antropologis tentang motif tenun Gadod dalam tradisi tenun di Majalengka. Dengan
demikian, penelitian ini perlu segera dilakukan untuk memperkenalkan dan mempromosikan tr-
adisi tenun Gadod dan berusaha melestarikan tradisi tenun di Majalengka. Penelitian deskriptif
kualitatif dengan studi lapangan dan metode dokumenter akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini.

Kata kunci: motif, simbol, tenun gadod, tradisi tenun

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INTRODUCTION 3. Visiting Nunuk Baru Village, Maja Dis-
The Indonesian archipelago is not only trict, Majalengka Regency as the center of
Gadod weaving, to see weaving activities
blessed with a very enchanting landscape but Through these observations, it can be seen
also has various cultures from each region.
One of the cultural treasures that can be seen the condition of the tradition and the making
from the cultural heritage left by our ancestors of gadod weaving in Nunuk Baru Village.
is our traditional cloth. Each region in Indone-
sia has a different variety of traditional cloth, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
both in terms of motifs, patterns, and colors, Nunuk Baru Village
the archipelago literature in each region in In-
donesia is different from one another. Nunuk Baru is a village in the Maja
sub-district, Majalengka, West Java. The word
The famous West Java weaving is woven Nunuk comes from the word “camuuk” which
fabric from Majalaya and Garut, but there is means silence. Since 2019 Nunuk Baru Vil-
one area in West Java that turns out to pro- lage has been appointed as a tourism village
duce woven fabric, namely Majalengka, pre- in Majalengka Regency because it is consid-
cisely in the village of Nunuk Baru they called ered to have a lot of natural potentials that can
it Tenun Gadod (Gadod Weaving). There are be used as ecotourism so that the environment
only 2 weavers left in Nunuk Baru Village, is being maintained. The local wisdom that is
and because of it This research needs to be still preserved today includes the manufacture
done immediately to support the preservation of traditional woven fabrics from generation
of the weaving tradition in the Majalengka to next generation. The types of weaving fab-
area. rics that are being produced are Gadod Weav-
ing which is used as boeh rarang (white fabric
METHOD that is used by Muslims to covered dead bod-
This study uses a qualitative descriptive ies before they’re being buried), Shawl/Kar-
embong, and woven clothes.
analysis method. This approach is a research
procedure that produces descriptive data in Gadod Weaving Tradition in Nunuk Village
the form of written or oral data from the ob- Weaving material
served person or behavior. Field studies were
conducted to obtain real developments re- The gadod woven material is cotton (Gos-
garding the location and resources to support sypium spp). The people of Nunuk Baru Vil-
the gadod weaving tradition. lage believe that the first to introduce rice
and cotton plants were their ancestors named
Observations are carried out directly by: Barajakasungga (Langensari). This figure is
1. Visiting the Department of Tourism and believed to be the first person to introduce ag-
riculture in Majalengka Regency, especially
Culture of Majalengka Regency to get in Nunuk Baru Village. Rice is grown as food,
data on exhibitions or activities related to while cotton is grown as clothing (some-
gadod weaving. thing to wear). During the Japanese colonial
2. Visiting the residence of the young gen- era when at that time most Indonesians had
eration of gadod weaving conservation- difficulty finding clothes because the clothes
ists to see the preservation of the weaving
preservation that has been carried out.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 97
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

were transported to Japan. People from other process of removing cotton from the seeds and
regions used leaves, leather, and even sacks spinning the cotton into yarn. 2) Ngalawayan,
as body coverings, but for the Nunuk people, is done by the weaver to calculate how many
there was no shortage of clothes because they threads will be used in making weaving. 3)
had processed honje cotton into clothes. The Ngadarihan, the process of cooking yarn with
tradition of weaving from cotton is what is starch. 4) Mihane or the process of tightening
called Gadod woven fabric until now. the warp threads. 5) Nyeksrek is the process of
arranging the warps and starting to weave. 6)
The Loom Nyurupkeun, the process of inserting each pair
The looms that are used by the people in of threads between two serrated suri which
is carried out near the hapit stem. 7) Nga-
Nunuk Baru Village are made of teak wood, liarkeun, the process of spreading the warp.
jackfruit wood, tram wood, areca nut, and and 8) Ninun or weaving.
bamboo. Equipment used before weaving the
shape of the loom is as shown in the picture. The process of making 60 x 400 cm wide
cloth takes a long time. The amount of time
Figure 1. The Loom needed to make the fabric: malet (4 days),
(Source: researcher collection) ngalawayan (1 day), mihane boeh rarang (2
days) or mihane karembong salur (3-4 days),
nyeksrek (1 day), nyurupkeun (1 day), nga-
liarkeun (1 day), and weaving boeh rarang (4
days), karembong with salur motifs (7 days,
even more depending on the motif). The total
time required to weave boeh rarang is 2 weeks
and karembong salur is at least 3 weeks if it
is done continuously from morning (09.00)
to afternoon (15.00) with a break of 1 hour
(12.00-13.00). Tensile weaving on boeh ra-
rang takes a faster time. The manufacture of
karembong channel takes longer because it
uses colored threads.

Figure 2. The Loom Illustration Gadod Weaving
(Source: Adapted from Jasperpringadie, 1912) There are two Gadod weaving products,

Caption: a. Totojer; b. Pancuh; Boeh Rarang, or what we call the shroud, and
c. Unjar/dadampar; d. Gedogan; e. Totogan; Karembong. The motif on the boeh rarang is
f. Galeger; g. Titihan; h. Limbuhan; Jingjingan only one, which is plain white without being
terdiri dari i. Galeger dan j. Gun; k. Barera; given any color, the color follows the color of
l. Suri; m. Hapit; n. Caor; o. Tali caor; p. Roro- the cotton used. While Karembong has three
motifs.
gan; q. Taropong; r. Kanteh
Once upon a time, the location of Nunuk
Weaving Process Village was very far and difficult to reach be-
The weaving process in Nunuk Baru vil- cause there were no vehicles so residents who

lage is carried out in eight steps. 1) Malet, the

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wanted to buy factory-made shrouds had to children prefer to do other jobs or work out-
go to the city with a trip that took about one side the village. The inheritance process has
day. From this condition, the Gadod woven is been attempted to be carried out by providing
used as a shroud if a villager dies. For Boeh training for the younger generation, including
rarang, the gadod weaving maker never gives young mothers aged 20-35, high school teen-
any color to the fabric. The color is just plain agers to 5th graders in the hope that they will
and natural. From the past until now the cloth still know about weaving culture, but many
is considered sacred by the people of Nunuk obstacles are faced, one of which is economic
Baru Village. affairs.

Figure 3. Boeh Rarang CONCLUSION
(Source: researcher documentation, 2021) The gadod weaving tradition cannot be
The gadod woven cloth is not only used
as a shroud but also used as a cloth to carry said to be extinct because until now the weav-
babies or other items, this cloth is named Kar- ing process is still ongoing even though it is
embong Gadod. carried out on a small scale by the remaining
weavers. The gadod weaving in Nunuk Baru
Figure 4. Nunuk Baru villagers use karembong Village is made with a carrying loom. Pre-
(Source: researcher documentation, 2021) serving gadod weaving is a must but this pres-
ervation requires hard work from all parties,
Gadod Weaving Regeneration Process both government and private. For example,
There are only 2 weavers who still survive the supply of cotton raw materials that is not
small can involve Perhutani as a provider of
making gadod weaving. Mak Suniah and Mak cotton plantation land; rejuvenation of looms
Maya. The inheritance of weaving both verti- can involve parties related to woodworking;
cally and horizontally does not occur in Nu- the inheritance of the weaver generation can
nuk Baru Village. This can be seen from the involve the field of education which makes
very large gap between the weavers and their weaving an extracurricular at school, etc.
heirs. Weaver children and weaver grand-
The weaving tradition that has been car-
ried out from generation to generation by the
elderly weavers in Nunuk Baru Village is al-
ready attached. The weaving process is done
with sincerity and patience to produce a woven
cloth. The simple looms used and the length
of time they were made were not a complaint,
the most important thing for them was that a
beautiful piece of cloth was produced. Vari-
ous counseling from various institutions have
even been carried out to give birth to the next
generation of weavers, but they still persist
with the weaving process that has been passed
down from generation to generation. This is
what makes gadod weaving production diffi-

cult to convert into massive weaving products.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 99
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

REFERENCES
Affendi, Yusuf. (1995). Panduan Tradisi dan

Daya Cipta dalam Tenunan Indonesia.
Jakarta: Perum Percetakan Negara Re-
publik Indonesia
Gratha, B. dan J. Achjadi. (2016). Tradisi
Tenun Ikat Nusantara. Jakarta: Bab Pub-
lishing Indonesia.
J.E. Jasper, Pringadie. 2017. Tenun. Jakarta:
Dewan Kerajinan Nasional.
Maxwell, Robyn. (2003). Textiles of South-
east Asia Tradition, Trade and Transfor-
mation. Singapore: Periplus
Musman, Asti. (2015). Lurik – Pesona, Rag-
am, dan Filosofi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit
Andi

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

IDENTITY OF THE JEMBER:
DISCOURSE AND ITS EFFECTS

 

Fahma Filbarkah Aziz1, Imam Setyobudi2, Sriati Dwiatmini3
Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract
 
The research problem formulated in this study is why the pendalungan discourse was repeated-
ly surfaced and how is the influence of power/knowledge from the other side of this discourse.
This study seeks to unfold the essence of power/knowledge in forming the identity of the people
of Jember through the pendalungan discourse as well as to provide an elaboration of the result-
ed effect from the discourse. The theoretical implication of this study would be the development
of anthropological studies concerning the identity and influence of pendalungan, particularly
on the formation of identity through power/knowledge discourse theory. As for the practical
implication, the outcome of this study could serve as a form of valid recommendation both
for the people and government in pursuing the development of the identity of Jember people.
Drawing upon artists, academics, and historians as the informants of the study, this study uses
a qualitative approach as the main method with the literature review and interview as data col-
lection techniques. A number of variables involved within this study are identity, imagination,
and multiculturalism. The result of the study reveals that identity is not something born from a
harmonious and balanced situation, rather, from an atmosphere that is full of struggles, con-
testation, clashes, conflicts of arguments and discourse, frictions between parties, dynamics,
as well as productivity. Thus, this study concludes that identity is not something that is fixed or
rigid, but flexible and diverse.

Keywords: channeling, jemberan, imagination, identity, discourse
 

INTRODUCTION must be ready to be placed in all regions of
This research comes from the personal ex- Indonesia. In 1992, the father was assigned to
jember regency, East Java. Parents have three
perience of writers who have a unique cultur- children born in different areas. In 1997, the
al background in one family and live in areas author was born in Jember.
that have diverse cultures. The father is some-
one who comes from the Sundanese tribes and During his 19 years living in Jember, the
since birth settled in Bandung with grandpar- author only knew and interacted with people
ents who are descendants of the Indigenous with Javanese and Madurese cultural back-
Sundanese people. On the contrary, with the grounds, so consider there are only two cul-
mother who is a descendant of the mixture tures are the local culture of the people of
between betawi and Javanese (Purwodadi). Jember regency. In fact, there are also other
In 1989, the two tied the knot with marital tribes that live in Jember such as, Arabs, Chi-
status. Father who is a Civil Servant, during nese, and Osing who also settled in Jember.
the New Order government of civil servants In 2016, the author continued his education to

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a higher level and was accepted at one of the (2006) about descriptive of society in general
universities in Bandung. It is not uncommon in geososio-cultural. Rahman (2015) conduct-
for other students to ask questions about the ed research on the forms of speech on Jem-
distinctive culture of where we come from. ber T-shirts: peroculars, lobsi, and the mixing
The author answers the regional origin of of codes and code transfer. Anggraeni (2017)
Kabuppaten Jember and gets confused about examined about fatic communication in main-
the indigenous culture of the Jember people. taining social continuity in speech events
It turns out that not only writers who experi- that help in the inter-ethnic communication
ence anxiety about the real identity of jember process in Jember Regency. Another study
people. Wiedyana (2018) examined the form of per-
formance and the existence of can macanan
January 18, 2020, there is a seminar themed kadduk as a pendalungan art in Jember Re-
Pendalungan is us,at that time the author was gency. Sair’s research (2019) on the commu-
returning home from Bandung. Embahasan nity in Sumberpakem Village of Jember Re-
in the seminar is a concern experienced by gency has a strong ethics and social narrative
the people of Jember about its cultural iden- on how to maintain unity and unity. Koeso-
tity. In the seminar, it was also explained as mawati (2016) also conducted research on de-
the identity of jember residents. This concept termining the specific character of the com-
of funding has similarities with the concept munity as a potential social cohesion and to
of melting pot in the United States, which know the concept of urban space integration
unites several ethnic groups. Etymologically of the community of the community. Roesfandi
the word pendalungan comes from the basic (2018) conducted research on the distribution
form of Javanese dhalung which means “big of marriages between Javanese and Madu-
pot” (Prawiroatmodjo, 1985: 100; in Sutarto, rese ethnicities, as well as their descendants
2006). in Jember Regency. Satrio (2019) conducted
a study on the relationship between cultural
This is a socio-cultural problem of Jem- transmission conducted by the community in
ber residents in everyday life. When in the relation to social identity in Jember Regency
new area, it is not uncommon to experience and Lumajang Regency.
confusion in answering the question of cul-
tural identity of Jember Regency. Basically, From previous research, no one has dis-
Jember residents have diverse backgrounds, cussed the Imagination of The Jember About
so Jember is known for its multicultural iden- Their Identity in the study of the discourse of
tity. From there came the term of dissing as the settlement through discussion forums and
the cultural identity of the people of Jember. writings by the community of donors. There-
This phenomenon is very interesting to make fore, this study developed previous research
research material. with a different theoretical foundation than
before, namely the practice of power / knowl-
Research on the distribution of which, edge.
Among others, Raharjo (2006) has examined
about Jember’s Pendalungan in the context Therefore, this study intends to explain
of hybridization culture discourse and mul- the formation of identity with its process in
ticultural orchestra in a large pot by talking the form of discourse of deposition as the
about dissing on a broader scale. Sutarto

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 103
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

identity of the Jember people, also explaining from journal writings, books, results of pro-
about the impact caused by the discourse of ceedings related to the concept of deposition.
the pendalungan. This research is expected to
contribute to research that explains the cultur-  
al identity of a society and is expected to be a RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
source of reference for future research.
The spread of tribes in Jember Regency is
  divided into several regions. Diverse ethnic
METHOD groups in Jember Regency, there are dominant
and minor camps. There are several ethnic
This research is qualitative descriptive re- groups, namely javanese, Madurese, Chinese,
search, because the data obtained is words / Osing, Sundanese, and Arab tribes. Starting
writing and not a number. This research is in- from the immigrants who worked in the Jem-
tended to describe the phenomenon that exists ber Regency area during the colonial period,
in gested the imagination of people jember to causing a change in ethnic order in Jember.
their identity in relation to the discourse of Aside from the colonial period, many people
the pendalungan and its effects. This meth- also migrated and settled in Jember Regency.
od is more sensitive and more able to adjust Therefore, jember is known as a multiethnic
to many sharpening influences together with or multicultural area.
the value patterns faced (Moleong, 2016: 10).
Similar to other descriptive studies, this study The dominant ethnic groups in Kabuppaten
was made systematically, accurately and fac- Jember are Java and Madura which are clearly
tually about the nature and facts in the popula- divided administratively in the northern and
tion of a particular area, the covered area that southern regions. The northern to eastern re-
is the city of Jember. gion is predominantly inhabited by madurese
tribes, some Javanese and Osing tribes, while
Research is done by collecting documents the south to west region is inhabited by most
and data about the imagination of his identity Javanese tribes. The area of Kacreaten Jember
in the discourse of the discussion and writing. scattered tribes tends to be more balanced so
The data sources obtained in this study are that it can mix into one.
primary and secondary data sources.
Pendalungan comes from two syllables
Primary data sources in this study includ- namely medal and lungo both words have the
ed interview data from community members same meaning that goes, naming the penda-
who understand about the distribution. In ad- lungan itself comes from the javanese popula-
dition, data from discussion forums that the tion living in the East Java region, because of
author went directly to. As for the subject in the presence of immigrants from the Madura
this study, the community of funding as the region. Migrants from Madura are migrants
main subject that spreads the understanding who move from Madura to Java, and jember
of the discourse of the pendalungan. As well is one of the places that are made as nomadic
as the author taking other supporting subjects areas.
from groups that oppose the discourse of the
pendalungan so as to produce the effect of the  
discourse of the discourse. A. Pendalungan

In addition to primary data sources there Historically through three stages in its for-
are also secondary or supporting data derived mation as an identity. The three stages are, be-
fore the plantation era, the plantation era, and

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the post-plantation era. Of the three stages in printed t-shirts that say dingest,then sold and
the colonial colonial era, people are required sold hard, then worn by the community lay-
to do forced labor which results in the form of er, ranging from young people to high-rank-
the results of planting, and in one area there ing district officials. So that the community
are many workers, especially from the Mad- of Pendalungan Paguyuban is known among
ura region. the community as a cultural community that
brings new things to cover all ethnicities in
Intense contact with various groups of Jember Regency.
people from other cultures, as well as added
to the environment or natural circumstances According to Mr. Ilham “this communi-
in which the community group lives can en- ty holds creative-economic activities in or-
courage a difference. In general, the people der to help the sanggar-sanggar in creation.
who stretch from Pasuruan to Jember have the The community also conducts training in the
same basis. However, with the distribution of arts, theater, dancing, and so on. In his train-
regions there are differences about socio-cul- ing involves many sanggar to participate and
tural differences between one another. all sanggar are under the coordination of this
community” (interview October 2, 2020).
Jember regency which belongs to the
horseshoe region is very likely to occur the Therefore, the Jember Community of Pen-
process of mixing cultures. Either directly dalungan made many movements through its
through interethnic marriage, or indirectly activities to introduce the culture of pendun-
causing mutual influence from cultural ele- gan to the wider community, especially in
ments. Jember Regency. The delivery of the culture
of funding has been coordinated through this
The use of the word dissusion in Jember community, not only jember people can learn
has long been known. However, in 2016 sud- it, even people from neighboring areas can
denly the funding became a byword among also learn, both in terms of art and general
the community. Moreover, the Regent of Jem- knowledge. This led to a dynamic or conver-
ber, Dr. Hj. Faida, MMR., declared Jember as sation about the cultural identity of Jember
a city of settlement. The development of de- Regency with the tagline Jember City Penda-
velopment is not only a mixture between two lungan. The identity discourse of the penda-
dominant cultures, but there is also a share of lungan occurs and is widely discussed.
other cultures.
In the development of the discourse of
Jember’s pendalungan is also support- the identity of the pendalungan as the cultural
ed by the Jember Community of Settlement identity of Jember Regency. The spread of this
which was formed on May 2, 2016. This com- discourse is carried out through discussion fo-
munity was established before the Regent’s rums, seminars, art performances to festivals
declaration, which was initiated by artists, related to the pendalungan. As a form of iden-
academics, and people who care about the de- tity recognition to the people of Jember, as
velopment of regional culture. This communi- well as the acceptance of funding as the cul-
ty carries the identity of jember that became tural identity of the Jember community. The
city branding in 2016 which has been inaugu- festival, which has been held since its decla-
rated by the Regent. ration in 2016, is held every year thereafter.

In its development this community has

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 105
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

With this cultural festival, it can increase tour- through the academic path that the workshop
ism appeal for Jember Regency, especially the is carried out as a means of learning for high
cultural sector. school students. Pendalungan Festival is held
every year, initially the scale of the festival
Not only artists and the government par- is held on a district scale and in recent years
ticipated in the festival, but there were also the festival is called to the sub-district scale.
students who participated in celebrating it. In the scope of subdistrict at the festival of
Arts displayed in the festival such as can-ma- cultural arts that is held in a day in one place
canan kadhu’,patrol music, dances, reyog po- there are at least three sub-districts.
norogo, and fashion performances. In addition
to the pendalungan festival there is also a Pen- January 2020 the literary srawung com-
dalungan Night Show event, the Pendalungan munity in collaboration with BAKORWIL
Culinary Festival. Jember held a seminar event themed “we
are funding”. At that time, the seminar activ-
Figure 1. Regent’s Speech at the Night Show ity discussed the cultural identity of Jember
(source: PEMKAB Jember 2017)  Regency, namely the pendalungan. Seminars
attended by teachers, lecturers, students, stu-
The identity of the donor is often discussed dents, and general participants. The discus-
by the media of the period which is one of the sion of the discourse of kutural identity is one
sources of dissemination to the community. of the introductions of young people and ac-
The spread of the identity of the donor is also ademics to get to know their own culture. In
addition to the delivery of funding through an
event, there is another context that is done by
spreading through writing that has been stud-
ied and examined by academics from Jember
State University.

Even today the discourse of the identity of
the pendalungan is still a conversation among
academics, which is discussed using certain
theories or criticizing it on the pretext that, the
discourse of the concept of recycling is still
raw and less convincing so that it gives rise to
the effects of the discourse.

 
B. The Effects of The Discourse of Penda-
lungan

The discourse of the identity of the pen-
dalungan raises the impact in the form of a
counter-discourse about the cultural identity
of the Jember community. Jember Arts Coun-
cil Community which is a counterpoint to
Jember Community. Carrying the concept of

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

jemberan as the identity of the people of Jem- The effect of the power / knowledge of
ber Regency. the discourse of the identity of the donor can
cause misunderstandings among academics.
The first Pendalungan Cultural Festival in Therefore, the spread of the discourse of diss-
April 2016 continues into the following years. concency as a criticized identity does not have
It cannot be denied, many get criticism about a strong foundation so that there are also those
the introduction of a culture of dissing carried who interpret the pendalungan as a new tribe.
out by the government. Criticism that arises Jemberan as a freer or open identity for the
from academics and artists who participate in variety of cultures that apply in Jember Re-
the revelation of the cultural identity of Jem- gency. Therefore the use of jemberan dialect
ber Regency. is more widely known than the dialect of the
channeling. But basically the two things are
One of the effects of the existence of a the same, just different mentions for the peo-
cultural arts show is the bustle of debate on ple involved in his group.
social media. There are some who say that the
pendalunganis the identity of Jember Regen-  
cy, because the Regent and Disparbud have C. Power /knowledge of the discourse of the
declared it as a cultural identity. There are Pendalungan
also those who say that jemberan is more ap-
propriately said as a cultural perspective, not There are some academics, artists, and
an identity but to read the complexity of the literary activists presenting and rolling out
culture that exists in Jember Regency. the discourse of pendalungan as a imagined
identity that is at least as a representation of
The Night Show is part of a discursive the multikultral face of the people of Jember
operation to normalize the identity of the do- Regency. Merintah participated by encourag-
nor in the midst of the plural jember regency ing massive discourse on the distribution as
community and not all receive embedding in the identity of the jember multicultural money
order to negotiate the economic and political community.
interests of certain groups in the name of the
promotion of culture and small and medi- The use of the term channeling is quite
um-sized industries. unique as a Javanese vocabulary uptake word,
the merger between krama base (smooth)
The appearance of jemberan is not known with basa ngoko (coarse). Scaa concept of
when exactly, but many people agree about understanding and definition of disbursion ap-
the concept of jemberan. The concept of jem- proaching the concept of melting pot (smelt-
beran is a concept carried from a dialectic ing) in English. The revelation of funding as
that is typical with Javanese madura accent a hybrid culture is a tactic to link local issues
or vice versa. This support coincides with the to contemporary contemporary issues, and of
inauguration of Jember City Pendalungan. course, it is a blurring or disguise against the
The concept of Jemberan is virtualized by the involvement of local governments.
hashtag jemberan through social media such
as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and others. Jember Regency Regional Government
The existence of a dispute about the concept urgently needs an identity that can tell the
criticized is considered a counterpoint to the signs of characteristics and peculiarities fol-
concept of new culture as identity. lowing the specificity of the region. This in-

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 107
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

terest is the same as the interests of other local and racial areas that live as residents of Jem-
governments because of its estuary on the po- ber Regency. The problem arises that, ideas
tential of cultural tourism that offers the val- and ideas are not only one, but many parties
ue of cultural authenticity. Representation on who have a sense of concern not only a group
art forms and labels. So, the local government of parties. Not all groups share the same views
encourages a number of regional arts practi- as the government and the government. Jem-
tioners, academics, and intellectuals to bring ber Regency becomes a container for various
up the concept of cultural identity that can be parties who feel they have a common interest
a hardpoint of various ethnicities and races because of a sense of concern for where he
who live as Jember residents produce Java- lives. So it’s no wonder different opinions re-
nese discourse.. spond to each other’s discourse.

Various activities labeled funding are The dynamics of pewacanaan clash with
held, supported, and encouraged by the local each other in the struggle to find the con-
government. Official forums, ranging from struction of the identity as a Jember. Search
discussions, research, book publishing and through revelation, whether agreed or not,
various scientific articles, even up to festivals then power / knowledge becomes productive.
held labeled pedalungan. Thus, the discourse The author of the term Barthes is an open text
of funding can be rolling and circulating wide- that does not kill texts and other discourses,
ly as well as spread to sub-districts in Jember but rather does the livelihood and presence of
Regency. new and different texts and discourses contin-
uously. Thus, the construction process about
D. Jember’s Struggle to Find His Identity the identity of the Jember people is an unfin-
Identity is basically a post-modern build- ished project and takes place dynamically ac-
cording to Foucault’s basic assumptions to be
ing is something that is supple and fluid. Jem- productive.
ber residents who come from various ethnic
backgrounds who have a desire to find a com- The clash between the claims about the
mon identity that is in the mind as a imagined identity imagined by various powers / knowl-
community. Therefore, self-identity and cul- edge mirror that power / knowledge is produc-
ture is not a thing that already exists and jad, tive gives birth to other powers / knowledge,
but an unfinished process. Self-identity and other discourses. Identity is not born of a situ-
culture are long struggle of various elements ation of harmony and balance, but a struggle,
of community groups struggle with each oth- contestation, clash, argument and discourse,
er, struggle, and struggle through various rev- friction, dynamic, and productive.
elations of a particular cultural identity.
 
The community is said to be an imagine CONCLUSION
community because a community is unlikely
to know all its citizens, it is impossible to see Basically the people of Jember Regency
each other, or hear from each other. But they have diverse backgrounds, so there is a con-
have the same picture or shadow of their com- cern about the identity of jember residents.
munity (Anderson, 2008). Therefore, a discourse is born that carries that
the pendalungan is the identity of Jember Re-
Jember Regency includes multicultural gency. Not only that, this discourse is support-

PROCEEDING THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL 108
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

ed by the government, especially the tourism tion to Media Text Analysis. Yogyakarta:
office to introduce Jember City Pendalungan. LKiS.
Thus, the distribution of the discourse of the Eska Wiedyana, N. S. (2018, July 1). THE
identity of the pendalungan is done through EXISTENCE OF CAN MACANAN
various efforts, one of which is the Pendalun- KADDU’ SHOW PAGUYUBAN BIN-
gan Cultural Festival which is held annually TANG TIMUR IN JEMBER REGEN-
initiated by the Community of Pendalungan.. CY. Greget (pp. 56-70). Surakarta: ISI
Surakarta.
The resulting effect from the other side of Foucault, M. (2002). Power/Knowledge:
the discourse of the pendant is the discourse of Power/Knowledge Discourse. Yogyakar-
jemberan presented by the Jember Arts Coun- ta: Cultural Landscape.
cil. The long struggle over the cultural identi- Hun, K. Y. (2012). Nationalism and Com-
ty of Jember Regency led to a clash that oc- munity Are Imagined in the Novels of
curred through various revelations to imagine Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The 2nd In-
the consignment of himself into an identity. ternational Conference On Indonesian
Therefore, identity is a supple and fluid. Studies: Maritime Culture And Local
Wisdom (pp. 60-70). Depok: University
  of Indonesia.
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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

THE ROLE OF YOUTH VOLUNTEERS
IN PROMOTING COVID-19 VACCINE

Faraz Tesalonica Sinaga1; Samantha Yasmine V.K.2; Febi Fauziah Ahmad3
Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia (ISBI) Bandung

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Indonesia intends to speed Covid-19 vaccinations, although there is significant pushback from
diverse organizations for different reasons. It is necessary to make a strategy and the partici-
pation of diverse parties to promote this vaccination campaign. This research is a qualitative
research with data collection methods using interviews and various library sources to strength-
en the data obtained. The approach used in data analysis is hermeneutics, which has three
elements: description, verstehen (understanding), and interpretation. Volunteer health workers
from Jakarta’s Wisma Atlet, Parahyangan University, and Muhammadiyah Bandung University
participated in the study. The results suggest that young volunteers play a vital role in promot-
ing the Covid-19 vaccination campaign through their different media channels.

Keywords: Youth Volunteers, Promotion strategies, Covid-19 Vaccine

Abstrak

Indonesia terus mempercepat program vaksinasi Covid-19, meskipun banyak pertentangan dari
berbagai kelompok dengan berbagai alasan. Diperlukan strategi dan keterlibatan banyak pi-
hak untuk mempromosikan program vaksinasi ini. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian kualita-
tif dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara serta menggunakan berbagai sumber
pustaka untuk menguatkan data yang diperoleh. Informan penelitian ini adalah relawan tenaga
kesehatan di wisma atlet Jakarta, di Universitas Parahyangan, dan Universitas Muhammadiyah
Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para relawan muda berperan penting dalam
membantu mempromosikan program vaksinasi Covid-19 lewat berbagai platform media yang
mereka miliki.

Kata kunci: Relawan muda, Strategi promosi, Vaksin Covid-19

INTRODUCTION disease formation is driven by vaccines.
The vaccination program is a program The main purpose of the vaccination pro-

carried out by the government to provide vac- gram is to break the chain of disease transmis-
cines to increase a person’s immunity to a dis- sion and stop the spread of existing outbreaks.
ease. The vaccine itself is a biological product Another goal is to bring about a situation where
that contains substances produced by antigens most people are immune to a disease, this situ-
that have been processed in such a way that it ation is commonly referred to as “Herd Immu-
is safe if given to the human body. Vaccines nity” or “group immunity. The WHO decree
are different from drugs, immunity to avoid declaring a Covid-19 global health emergency

PROCEEDING THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL 112
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

makes the Indonesian government implement Another cause that allegedly inhibits the
the Covid-19 vaccination program as one of acceleration of vaccination programs can be
the most likely ways to stop the chain of trans- accepted by the public, namely the govern-
mission and spread of the virus. ment’s submission of the vaccine program it-
self. The government’s campaign to the public
However, the facts in the field interfere the is still one-way, namely with public commu-
main purpose of the vaccine program in Indo- nication, where this public communication be-
nesia. The government’s efforts to deal with tween the messenger and the recipient tends to
the Covid-19 pandemic are not fully smooth be less or limited (Tasnim, 2020). Then there
and acceptable to the public. The opposition is needs a promotion strategy that is closer
attitude and opinion carried out by people and easier to understand by the community.
who do not agree with the Covid-19 vaccine
is significantly increased. It is undeniable that To achieve this purpose, the government
many groups refuse vaccination for a variety needs to promote the Covid-19 vaccination
of reasons, ranging from health problems to program through various media, one of them
being affected by hoax news. This is triggered is the vaccine volunteers from young peo-
because each community has a different back- ple who have strong immunity and a healthy
ground and has their perception and is sup- body, and those who close to the digital me-
ported also by the development of the internet dia, especially social media. This can help to
and the advancement of information that pro- promote the Covid-19 vaccination that reach
vides convenience in accessing information. out more audiences from various circles and
can straighten out hoaxes that are widely cir-
High public activity in accessing the infor- culated on social media. Besides, to invite
mation on social media that is ultimately able to the general public to involve in vaccinatione,
change a person’s beliefs and way of thinking. young volunteers are also expected to explain
Many fake news or hoaxes are found on social the benefits of vaccination programs and the
media about the Covid-19 vaccination program impact after the vaccine, so the general public
that can be easily accessed by the public. The are not easily incited by hoaxes.
Ministry of Communication and Information
(Kominfo) (www.kominfo.go.id, 2021) ex- METHOD
plained that during January-August 2021 there The research methods used in this research
was 4,355 spread of hoax issues on various so-
cial media communities. This also strengthened are qualitative, which focus to understands the
the reason people believed they would not vac- symptoms, events, facts, and realities that oc-
cinate because they were consumed by hoaxes cur. The main focus of this study was to find
or fake news. The spread of hoaxes is increas- out how the role of youth in helping the vacci-
ingly in line with the holding of vaccination nation promotion through various platforms.
programs in Indonesia since January, triggered The main object of this research is the young
also by the number of irresponsible people with volunteers of health workers who work in
bad intentions. The spread of misinformation three areas where vaccinations were conduct-
through various channels can have a major im- ed, with the research location located at Wis-
pact on the reception of the Covid-19 vaccine ma Atlet Jakarta, Parahyangan University, and
(Lushington, 2020). Muhammadiyah University Bandung.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 113
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

Data collection techniques include inter- 1. The Vaccine promotion by Volunteers at
views and using various library sources to The Athlete’s Home
strengthen the data obtained. 1) The study of
literature on journals, books, articles, and oth- The first informant is M a health worker
er reading sources relevant to what the author who volunteers for the Covid-19 task force
describes as the basis for parsing concepts, serves at the Covid Wisma Atlet Emergency
theories, symptoms, and events, 2) Research Hospital who acts as a General Practitioner.
uses semi-structured interview methods to the The informant stated that as a health worker
informants. one of the right steps to promote Covid-19
vaccination is to spread information on social
RESULT AND DISCUSSION media such as spreading information about
The Covid-19 vaccination program cer- the implementation of mass vaccinations,
seminars on the importance of vaccination,
tainly involves many communities, especially the benefits of vaccination, to fight hoaxes
health workers and the public who volunteer circulating in the wider community related to
for vaccination activities. Health workers and vaccination. This is based on the understand-
volunteers have a very important role in the ing that health workers are people who have a
promotion of Covid-19 vaccination. Covid-19 qualified capacity to talk about matters related
vaccination promotion is part of promkes to health and also health workers have a stra-
(promosi kesehatan). Health promotion itself tegic role in promotion and prevention.
is seen as a strategic step that can be the main
focus in preventing or minimizing a person’s To succeed the vaccination program, the
chances of contracting certain disease out- first step carried out as a health worker who is
breaks. Promoting Covid-19 vaccination is also a volunteer of the Covid-19 task force is
the right step for the dissemination of infor- to educate directly to the closest environment,
mation and to educate people about the pre- such as family, relatives, and friends. Accord-
vention and handling of Covid-19. ing to him, volunteering for the Covid-19 task
force has many benefits such as experience,
The Indonesian government announced knowledge, learning to understand ordinary
that there are seven types of Covid-19 vac- people, and to get incentives from the govern-
cines used in Indonesia, including Sinovac ment. As a health worker, the main motiva-
vaccine from China, Astra Zeneca vaccine tion to volunteer for the Covid-19 task force
from the UK, Pfizer vaccine from Germany, is to help deal with Covid-19 cases with better
Moderna vaccine from America, Novavax safety guarantees. The Covid-19 vaccination
vaccine from America, Sinopharm vaccine is that the invasion of vaccination in Indonesia
from the United Arab Emirates, and vaccine can be increased and spread widely so that the
PT. Bio Farma. This was poured in the Decree whole community can get vaccinated which
of the Minister of Health Number HK.01.07 / help to create herd.
Menkes / 12758 / 2020 on the Determination
of Vaccine Types for the Implementation of 2. The Vaccine Promotion by Volunteers at
Covid-19 Vaccination. Parahyangan University Bandung

In March 2021, Parahyangan Catholic
University (UNPAR) Bandung held a vac-

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

cination program in collaboration with The tion carried out by health workers to screen
Health Body of Bandung City, Ciumbuleuit participants who have a history of comorbid
Health Center, Santo Borromeus Hospital, diseases where this action determines the next
and UNPAR clinic to organize a mass vac- step, whether the participant can be vacci-
cination program for the general public in nated or not. 3) Observation: is the stage of
Bandung City, where the Covid-19 vaccina- rerecording using Pcare, this section is done
tion center is located at the UNPAR campus, after participants get a vaccine shot. This data
Jalan Ciumbuleuit No. 94. This mass vaccina- collection process is to ensure participants get
tion is part of Tri Dharma of Higher Education a certificate as evidence that they have been
duty with the main goal is to reduce Covid-19 vaccinated.
transmission and reduce the death rate in the
Covid-19 cases, and support the acceleration Besides having a mandatory task, being
of vaccination in The Greater Bandung area. a young volunteer also has an unwritten task
The implementation of this vaccination pro- that plays a role in promoting or spreading the
gram involves volunteers ranging from health UNPAR vaccination program. When an insti-
workers to UNPAR students to optimize the tution conducts a program which the purpose
program. is to target the general public, of course, it
needs to be promoted widely across diverse
Our informant is a student majoring in D3 communities.
Management Company at Parahyangan Cath-
olic University (UNPAR) Bandung, Mariana Regarding this, the volunteers, are con-
Agustina Gultom 20 years old. Volunteering sidered to have a strategic role in the vac-
in the field of health is something a new for cine promotion, especially its role as a media
Mariana Agustina. She concerned to contrib- channeling information closer to the commu-
ute to build herd immunity of the communi- nity. In most cases, the vaccine promotion by
ty. Being a young volunteer in the Covid-19 young volunteers bears positive results, this is
issues is something unfamiliar among young because young volunteers are mostly skilled
people in Indonesia, where health and even in using social media and reach out various
mental threats will be faced and expose to the circles and communities. When young volun-
big risks when carrying out volunteer duties, teers begin to promote the program, they can
namely the opportunity to be exposed to the channel information in more extensive ways
Covid-19 virus. However, as Mariana Agusti- so the community is not only get information
na explained, her concern for the Covid-19 on vaccination programs but also they get in-
pandemic is greater than her worries to be ex- formed on Covid-19 in depth.
posed by the virus.
Based on Mariana Agustina’s explana-
There are three tasks to be done for a vol- tion, the promotion was conducted through
unteer in the vaccine process. The three stag- volunteers’ social media. Social media was
es consist of; 1) Registration: data collection chosen because it is considered effective, ac-
of participants using health Pcare and Google cessible, and have wide reach of audiences.
Sheet, 2) Flow: which regulates the flow of By which social media platforms has been
vaccine participants’ activities from registra- used widely to spread various information on
tion to screening stage. Screening is an ac- Covid-19. Instagram to WhatsApp became
the main media to reach out many vaccine

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 115
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

participants, judging from the number of In- educating the community in the specific area
stagram users in July 2021 of 91.77 million with direct visit every week until the all com-
users and WhatsApp amounting to 2 billion munity members get vaccinated.
users. The data indicates that in general, most
people have both social media accounts. But In addition to that, there are also younger
before reaching out to the wider community cadres working for schools, which the task is
young volunteers were asked to promote this almost the same where they get an education
program to their closest environtments such as first from FORMASI volunteers then educate
family, relatives, and fellow UNPAR students. others. Their target is a peer group in the des-
Spreading information through WhatsApp tination school. For people outside the city of
groups becomes an option to reach the closest Bandung can get education through its social
people because there is a group chat feature media account, in Instagram @Formasi.bdg.
which is used widely among family mem-
bers and different communities in Indonesia. The purpose of this group is to educate
Meanwhile Instagram, Storygram was select- wider communities about Covid-19 and its
ed as the main media. vaccination, then ultimately it is expected that
the community will join Covid-19 vaccine.
3. The Vaccine Promotion by Volunteers in
Bandung Community Sani Nurohmah as a volunteer of this
community also explained that her motiva-
The informant is an active student of the tion to become a volunteer is get more people
final semester at the University of Muham- vaccinated. This is also her concerns to spread
madiyah Bandung with a major in psychol- empathy among human beings in the current
ogy named Sani Nurohmah aged 23 years. conditions. Sani hopes that the more people
Sani has a penchant that moves her heart to get vaccinated and the sooner pandemic will
join the Covid-19 vaccination volunteers at be gone. Although being a volunteer takes
the Pandemic Conscious Community Forum most of her time, Sani could feel satisfied and
(FORMASI) or Risk Communication and more meaningful life.
Community Engagement (RCCE) where this
community moves to educate the general pub- Sani also hopes that this vaccine promo-
lic about Covid-19 and vaccination. tion program could held in all regions of In-
donesia, especially remote areas so the public
In FORMASI community, Sani Nurohmah knowledge about Covid-19 and its vaccina-
became a media and development team. The tion are well received. Sani’s also gave some
task this team is to be a promoter of vaccina- opinion that the government should not only
tion and also to counsel the community, espe- concern about health protocols and vaccina-
cially in the area of city of Bandung regarding tion but also to those who are affected by pan-
Covid-19 and its vaccination program. There demics seriously and they cannot just stay at
are 10 sub-districts in the city of Bandung that home yet need to find something to fullfil their
are selected to be visited and given direct edu- basic needs.
cation about Covid-19 and vaccinations. From
each sub-district has a trained representative. 4. Young Volunteers and their roles in ac-
The task of this young cadre is almost the celeratinge vaccination programs
same as the FORMASI volunteers, namely
Young volunteers have a important role in
promoting vaccination programs in the DKI Ja-
karta area and Bandung. These two major cities
involve and empower young volunteers to play

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a role in promoting vaccination programs to the received a dose of Covid-19 vaccination are
communities. The strategic role of young vol- not solely free of the virus. The balance be-
unteers is considered as a medium of informa- tween vaccine promotion and health protocols
tion distribution that is closer to the community would be perfect for reducing the spread of
which is promotive and preventive. the virus, the development of the severity of
disease symptoms, and the chance of trans-
Vaccination promotion by involving young mission to others.
volunteers is one of a series of promotion ac-
tivities in the field of health. A series of promo- It is important that apart from promoting
tions were held by spreading information about vaccination it is also important to provide as-
vaccinations both on personal and community sistance related to vaccination information so
social media accounts. These promotion strate- that people have no difficulty in finding a place
gies are selected as social media consider more for vaccines. The education about the effects
accessible and have a big impact. The social of vaccination what actions should be taken
media chosen is also diverse ranging from the if experiencing side effects after vaccination,
Instagram and WhatsApp applications. Anoth- also reminding about the application of health
er strategies in exploring the role of young vol- protocols after the vaccine should be touted.
unteers, is in preventive action which include There are still many who are not following to
prevention against health problems/diseases. health protocols because they feel they have
The goal is to educate the nearest environment received a dose of vaccination.
first and then reach the wider community. The
education covid-19 promotion is provided CONCLUSION
in the form of information about vaccination The presence of volunteers in handling
such as the implementation of vaccinations,
the importance of vaccination, and the benefits Covid-19 cases has a considerable impact,
of vaccination. This is an effort of prevention especially in the implementation of vaccina-
against hoaxes that are widespread among the tion programs. The volunteers not only helped
communities especially through social media, with technical vaccinations and eased the
and this prevention to add people’s insights work of medical personnel, they also help the
about vaccination. government in educating the general public
related to Covid-19 vaccination. This has give
It can be seen that the strategic role of impact that more people believe and want to
young volunteers as explained above is aimed receive a dose of vaccine. In addition to that,
at getting more people to get vaccinated so many public places and public transportation
herd immunity or group immunity can be that require vaccination for visitors and pas-
achieved. It has been succesfully done so far. sengers. The role of volunteers who promote
vaccination programs is significant. People
Educational efforts to the public between who were initially afraid and hesitant to be
vaccination and health protocols must be bal- vaccinated are now convinced because vol-
anced. Adherence to health protocols such unteers who participate in socializing vacci-
as keeping a mask on, keeping a distance nation programs, especially young volunteers
from the crowd, and diligently hand washing who have healthy bodies and more skilled in
should also be done even though the individu- using technology make this promotion could
al has been vaccinated. Individuals who have reach more audiences.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 117
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

REFERENCES
Dewi, S. A. E. (2021). Komunikasi Publik

Terkait Vaksinasi Covid 19. HEALTH
CARE : JURNAL KESEHATAN, 10(1).
Lushington, G. H. (2020). Perspective on the
COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak. Com-
binatorial Chemistry & High Through-
put Screening, 23(2), 90–91.
Nugrahaeni, D. K., Mauliku, N. E., Budiman,
B., Irianto, G., & Novilla, A. (2021). Par-
tisipasi Dalam Pencegahan Dan Penang-
gulangan Covid-19. Jurnal Kreativitas
Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (Pkm),
4(4), 941–953.
Tasnim. (2021). Persepsi masyarakat tentang
vaksin COVID-19 di wilayah provinsi
Sulawesi Tenggara. Yayasan Kita Menu-
lis (Vol. 58).
Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor
Hk.01.07/Menkes/12758/2020 Tahun
2020 tentang Penetapan Jenis Vaksin
Untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Corona
Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Website
www.kominfo.go.id accesed on 15 September

2021

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TYPOGRAPHY IN “MAYOUTFIT” ADS AS A COMMUNICATION
STRATEGY TO ATTRACT COMSUMERS IN PANDEMIC TIMES

Hanin Annisa Nuradni
Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

[email protected]

Abstract

The development of information and communication technology has skyrocketed, mainly the
use of internet. This has changes traditional ways of communication into modern one. The in-
ternet is a communication tool that can disseminate information and one of them is used as an
online business medium. Online business is used by merchants to sell their products including
through social media. The data of research is Mayoutfit fashion advertisement posts on the ins-
tagram platform. This research is focused on the study of color and typography contained in ad-
vertising posts as a form of communication strategy to attract consumers’ interest. The method
used is qualitative research and with the theory of semiotics to analyse visual communication
and integrated marketing communication. The results of the study show that the meaning of
images and typography on Mayoutfit instagram ad posts as a form of communication strategy.
This research is useful to add a reference to the study of visual communication design science.

Keywords: Advertisement, Communication Strategy, Integrated Marketing Communication, Vi-
sual Communication Semiotics

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah berkembang begitu pesat, salah sa-
tunya dengan terciptanya internet. Hal inilah yang mengubah komunikasi tradisional menjadi
modern. Dengan demikian, internet merupakan alat komunikasi yang dapat menyebarkan infor-
masi dan salah satunya digunakan sebagai media bisnis online. Bisnis online merupakan bisnis
yang banyak dilakukan oleh produsen untuk menjual produknya melalui media sosial. Data
penelitian ini berupa postingan iklan fashion Mayoutfit di platform instagram. Penelitian ini
difokuskan pada kajian warna dan tipografi yang terdapat pada postingan iklan sebagai bentuk
strategi komunikasi untuk menarik minat konsumen. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian
kualitatif dan diuji dengan teori analisis semiotika komunikasi visual dan integrated market-
ing communication (IMC). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pemaknaan gambar dan tulisan
pada postingan iklan instagram Mayoutfit sebagai bentuk strategi komunikasi. Penelitian ini
bermanfaat untuk menambah referensi kajian ilmu desain komunikasi visual.

Kata kunci: Iklan, Integrated Marketing Communication, Semiotika Komunikasi Visual,
Strategi Komunikasi

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SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

INTRODUCTION out the world, including Indonesia. Therefore,
Information and communication technolo- the government has implemented a policy of
implementing Community Activity Restric-
gy (ICT) in the millennial era has experienced tions (PPKM) and physical distancing which
very rapid development towards convenience aims to avoid the possibility of transmitting
for humans. The rapid development of tech- the Covid-19 virus.
nology has made the internet the main com-
munication tool. Of course, this is the back- This has resulted in a drastic change in
ground of communication from traditional to the world economy. These changes led to the
modern and all-digital. The development of shift from traditional face-to-face trading to
the use of the internet as a means of commu- online business trading. Even in Indonesia,
nication is becoming increasing rapid, but the online business has increased, which is pre-
internet is not only a communication medi- dicted to grow 33.2% from 2020 which previ-
um, but also an information media and mar- ously reached Rp253 trillion to Rp337 trillion
keting media. Even with the increasing rapid (Kominfo, 2021).
development, the internet can be accessed via
smartphones. Growth in the online sales system is cur-
rently carried out through social media. Be-
Based on the results of the KOMINFO cause the use of social media can advance com-
(Ministry of Communication and Informa- panies that introduce innovation and services to
tion) survey, internet users since 2018-2020 customers by providing convenience and com-
in Indonesia have increased from 73.7% to fort in making purchase transactions. Because
64.8%. When combined with the figures from basically, social media is a medium that can be
the projections of the Central Statistics Agen- done for activities by communicating through
cy (BPS) the population in Indonesia in 2019 public media. Apart from being a communica-
was 266,911,900 million, so that internet us- tion medium, social media can provide actual
ers in Indonesia are estimated at 196.7 million information, build relationships quickly and
(Kominfo, 2020). Meanwhile, based on data widely, and one of them is as an online busi-
from Internet World Stats throughout the peri- ness medium. Social media as a platform that is
od 2000-2020, it shows the growth of internet widely used as an online business media easily,
users worldwide reaching 8.560% of the total quickly, and widely, one of which is the Insta-
internet users worldwide (Miniwatts Market- gram platform. According to We Are Social in
ing Group, 2019). 2020, Instagram users in Indonesia show a fig-
ure of 79% of the total population of 272.1 mil-
Indonesia is ranked fourth out of the top 20 lion with the percentage of female Instagram
countries with the highest number of internet users being 50.8%.
users. With a very large internet penetration
and the rapid increase in internet infrastruc- Instagram is an image-based social media
ture in Indonesia, triggering the development that can be shared via photos and videos on-
of an online sales system or the usual online line. Instagram has the advantage that it can
business. However, it is known that the Coro- be used to find information, provide recom-
na virus originating from the city of Wuhan, mendations for vacation spots, and can in-
China at the end of December 2019 caused the teract between users. Even lately Instagram
COVID-19 disease to spread rapidly through- is effective as a means to do business online.

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 121
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

Doing business online through this platform METHOD
can be said to be easy because only by sharing A research conducted is a way to describe,
photos or videos of the products to be mar-
keted. One of the Instagram users who market find, and test the truth through scientific meth-
Mayoutfit products is the Mayoutfit owner. In ods. The scientific method is a close series
its marketing, Mayoutfit uses advertisements systematically to organize knowledge about
that focus on images that are equipped with phenomena that exist in society. In this study,
captions. In general, the images are photos of the method used by the researcher is a quali-
teenagers wearing Mayoutfit products. The tative approach. According to (Abidin, 2015)
photos are accompanied by a caption in the qualitative research methods are observations
form of promotion. However, this research made in the field to collect data, with a nat-
will focus on the study of color and typogra- ural human setting as the main instrument.
phy in visual design only. Several studies that The purpose of qualitative research is to un-
focus on the study of color and typography derstand a social phenomenon of the problem
have been carried out by (John, 2017) entitled or the underlying factors. In understanding a
“Analysis of Semiotics of the Logo of Rumah phenomenon, data collection techniques are
Makan Patinku”, showing the results that the needed. Data collection techniques are the
study of the logo of “Rumah Makan Patinku” first step in research with the aim of obtaining
through denotative and connotative meanings data. The technique in this research is done
can determine the vision and mission that you by observation. the data used in this study are
want to achieve. conveyed by the owner, but Mayoutfit posts.
for people who see it can demonstrate another
meaning. Another study conducted by (Indika, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
2017) entitled “Instagram Social Media as a Mayoutfit ad posts were researched using
Promotional Tool to Increase Consumer Buy-
ing Interest”, shows the results that promoting the visual communication semiotic method.
products or services carried out through Insta- Semiotics is the study of signs and knowing
gram is very important because uploads that how humans can interpret things. Semiotics of
are packaged creatively are one of the factors visual communication is focused on the ‘com-
which is quite important in attracting the at- munication’ function, which is to convey a
tention of consumers. message from the sender to the receiver based
on certain rules. However, visual communi-
Based on previous research, the aim was cation semiotics does not only focus on the
to identify that using visual design commu- ‘communication’ function but on the ‘signifi-
nication elements is an important factor for cation’ function, namely the function to con-
packaging the meaning contained in posts ad- vey concepts, message content, or meaning
vertised through Instagram which were stud- (Tinarbuko, 2009).
ied with color theory and typography. Then
studied with the theory of integrated market- In semiotics, visual communication has vi-
ing communication as a form of communica- sual elements, namely line, field, color, shape,
tion strategy. texture, and space. However, along with the
development of semiotics, visual communica-
tion has non-visual elements, such as writing,
sound, or verbal language. Of these elements

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are usually found in advertisements. Adver- ages, colors, and language or writing which
tising has the main function of delivering are the main elements to rely on. Therefore,
messages, although it also has a significance displaying creative advertisements is a major
function. According to advertising semiotics component in influencing consumers.
experts, such as Gillian Dyer, Torben Vester-
gaard, and Judith Williamson, advertising has With some of the elements above, the ad-
sign elements in the form of the object being vertisement enters the semiotic form of visu-
advertised, context can be in the form of an al communication. As, visual communication
environment, person, or other creature that semiotics processes graphic design elements,
gives meaning to the object, text in the form one of which consists of color and writing or
of writing that can strengthen the meaning, typography in order to convey messages visu-
sound, and language of speech. However, for ally to the target audience. Because indirectly
the elements of sound and spoken language, the design of visual communication is relat-
it is usually done in advertisements that are ed to the appearance or meaning that can be
broadcast on television. perceived by many people, both in terms of
thoughts and feelings.
It is known that advertising has a specific
purpose, namely promoting the superiority of The researcher uses elements in visual
products or services to consumers, influencing communication semiotics, which emphasizes
consumers to buy advertised products or ser- the visual and non-visual properties. For el-
vices, reminding consumers to remember the ements that are visual, one of them is color.
company’s products or services, and forming However, along with developments in visual
awareness of a new product or service. From communication design, it implies non-visual
this goal, it is to increase consumer response elements, in the form of typoraphy. Of these
to the company’s offerings which will later two elements are usually found in advertise-
earn sales profits in the long term. ments. Advertising has a main function in
direct communication that can convey mes-
To attract consumers with large and wide- sages. In this case, visual communication se-
ly spread sales can be done through adver- miotics processes graphic design elements,
tising. However, to attract consumers with a one of which consists of color and writing or
large enough number requires creativity as ef- typography in order to convey messages visu-
fectively as possible in order to get a positive ally to the target audience. In addition, visual
impression. In making advertisements to be communication is a design of communication
creative and attractive, professional workers facilities that are visible.
are needed who have creativity in processing
advertisements, such as message planning, Figure 1. Postingan Iklan Produk Mayoutfit
media planning to how to convey the mes- Sumber. Instagram Mayoutfit
sage. It certainly has a special section that
designs creativity such as copy writers, script
writers, and art directors such as art directors
or visualizers.

According to (Habsari, 2016) advertising
holds strength in visual elements, namely im-

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 123
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

1. Color romance. In addition, pink usually indicates
Color theory was developed by Alberti in the color of feminism. Brown is a natural
color that can evoke a sense of strength and
1935 and followed by Leonardo da Vinci in give the impression of security, warmth, and
1940. However, color theory received serious comfort. The color white, depicts a clean and
attention after being developed by the original simple impression. Finally, on a background
physicist Sir Isaac Newton through his writ- with a light salmon color (salm) it has a re-
ings ‘Optics’ in 1704. Initially color theory laxed meaning, because the color is classified
only had basic colors, namely red, yellow, and as a light color. Of the several colors used in
blue. However, in the 19th century German the post, it is a perception to convey the intent
and British experts began to find that a good of the owner of the Mayoutfit product, that the
basic color was actually red, green, and blue advertised product is a product that is suitable
which could be developed for color combina- for use by women.
tions (Nugroho, 2008).
2. Typography
Color is an important element in a work Typography is an important element used
that makes it perfect in its visual essence.
Color has a meaning other than being able to to support the process of delivering verbal and
change the taste, can affect the perspective, visual messages. Because in advertising not
and build an atmosphere or comfort for ev- only images or colors, but typography is very
eryone who sees it. Because basically color is important in the process of delivering infor-
the quality of light that is reflected from an mation on a product or service. It even has a
object to the human eye. This causes the color purpose as a process of presenting messages
cones on the retina to react, thus allowing in- from the communicator to the communicant
dications of the object being viewed to change (target target). Typography gives an emotional
human perception. impression to someone and provides conve-
nience and in advertising can help someone to
Color has a subjective nature, because col- better recognize the brand.
or has a strong relationship with every indi-
vidual who sees it. The use of the right color With the advancement of digital technol-
is an important element in touching the sensi- ogy, typography includes determining the
tivity of the sense of sight so that it can influ- shape of the letters, the size of the letters, as
ence a person’s feelings and interests. In ad- well as the technique of arranging letters into
dition, color has a role to attract attention and words or sentences that are suitable for the
strengthen the meaning of the message con- characteristics of the delivery of the message.
veyed. Using soft colors can convey a calm, Typography that has been arranged is a basic
soft, and romantic impression. Meanwhile, element in forming a visual communication
the use of strong colors conveys a dynamic design display. This certainly gives an en-
impression and tends to be lively. Visually, chanting impression.
color is also an important role in the design
of visual communication, because color has In visual communication, a series of ty-
power for humans or other creatures who see. pography is not only readable, but also needs
to display letters (words or sentences) that
The color used by the model in the post are pleasing to the eye and make the read-
consists of pink which is related to love and

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er understand the content of messages con- and coordinating communication channels to
veyed through visual communication media. convey clear and decisive messages about the
Therefore, the existence of typography in company and its products to consumers” (Pra-
the design of visual communication design bela, 2016). Meanwhile, according to Four
is very important. Because, determining the As (the American Association of Advertising
right typography requires size, color, or shape Agency), IMC is “a planning concept of mar-
that can strengthen the content of the verbal keting communication that examines the stra-
message of visual communication design. In tegic role in forms of communication, such
Social Communication quoted by Bebe Indah as advertising, direct response, sales promo-
Miryam, there are factors that can encourage tion, and public relations” (Sulaksana, 2007).
the ease or failure of conveying verbal mes- It aims to attract communication messages
sages contained in visual communication de- through integration.
signs, including: (1) the background, namely
the basic colors and textures used. Because the Integrated Marketing Communication
text is the main element of a verbal message has five elements, namely advertising, sales
which will be seen more clearly if the color promotion, personal selling, public relations,
of the letters and the background is quite con- and direct marketing. However, the Mayoutfit
trasting. (2) the font size used. The standard product uses two elements, namely advertis-
size for writing ranges from 6 to 10 points, ing and public relations.
depending on how much space is available, a. Advertising, the efficient use of advertis-
how much or how little text is presented, and
adjusts the letter members you want to show. ing is a long-term form of a product and
(3) the space between letters, words, or the reaches a wide range of consumers. Be-
distance between lines of sentences. And (4) cause the purpose of the advertisement is
subjective factors, such as reading distance or to introduce, invite and influence consum-
lighting capacity when reading. er attitudes to buy a product or service.
Advertising is done through social media
Therefore, the researcher looked at the such as Instagram.
typography in Mayoutfit ad posts that used b. Public relations, a form of marketing with
the Times New Roman font in the sentence programs to promote and/or protect the
“Fresh Collection”. it gives serious but not image of the company and its products.
rigid meaning. In fact, the use of typographic Mayoutfit products promote or protect
colors matches the background color. In addi- product image by posting advertisements
tion, typography is important in Mayoutfit ad on social media.
posts, because the typography used in the post
gives its own meaning by placing the position Marketing success depends on product
of the layout. improvement as well as stimuli. Understand-
ing stimuli here as a form of physical com-
3. Integrated Marketing Communication munication in the form of visual, or verbal
Integrated marketing communication or in order to influence consumer response. To
influence consumer behavior, of course, there
known as Integrated Marketing Communi- are two types of stimuli, namely marketing
cation (IMC) is “the process of integrating stimuli and environmental stimuli. However,

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 125
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

here it is limited to marketing stimuli. Market- for use by women. Meanwhile, typography is
ing stimulation is a form of physical commu- an important factor as a verbal message deliv-
nication with the aim of influencing consumer ery. So the posts advertised through Instagram
behavior. Marketing stimuli are divided into are also a fairly important part in attracting
two, namely primary (intrinsic) stimuli in the consumer interest in Mayoutfit products.
form of content, packaging, and product char-
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ELEMENTS OF LOCAL TRADITIONAL MUSIC
IN INDONESIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC

Hendrik Leonard Simanjuntak1, Kartini Ruth Maduma Manalu2,
Lono Lastoro Simatupang3, Viktor Ganap4, Nyak Ina Raseuki5

1Performing Arts and Fine Arts Studies, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University
Music Arts Study Program, Faculty of Language and Arts, University of HKBP Nommensen

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
2Performing Arts and Fine Arts Studies, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University
Music Arts Study Program, Faculty of Language and Arts, University of HKBP Nommensen

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
3Performing Arts and Fine Arts Studies, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University

Email: [email protected]
4Faculty of Performing Arts, Yogyakarta Indonesian Institute of the Arts

Email: [email protected]
5Graduate School of the Jakarta Art Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

We often hear the term ‘classical music’ in the context of learning the art of music, both in for-
mal and non-formal education. However, we do not realize that classical music has expanded
its meaning from time to time. The orientation is not only on the Classical period such as the
works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Even the works of the Renaissance, Baroque, Ro-
mantic, and Modern periods fall into the category of ‘classical music’. The expansion of the
meaning of ‘classical music’ encourages the emerge of new works embedded with the national
identity, that has a different characteristic from the previous works. Novelty in musical com-
position can be obtained when composers approach the cultural realm, by utilizing various
musical elements sourced from local or country traditions and then rearranging them in new
media. This study focuses on examining various elements of local traditional music used by
Indonesian composers in creating their works. Considering the use of elements of local tradi-
tional music become an inseparable part of the composers’ creativity. Therefore, the approach
of musicology, identity, and creativity becomes an inseparable part in compiling the theory in
composing the art works.

Keywords: Local Tradition, Composition, Identity, Classical Music

INTRODUCTION for some people to think that the creativity
Sometimes the creativity of composers of the composers of this model actually de-
stroys the musical tradition because they tend
who combine traditional music with mod- to make changes to the previous forms of
ern music is often considered destructive or traditional music. But on the other hand, the
in other words as a ‘way’ to change existing creativity of composers who are able to use
traditional music and adapt it to the taste of various elements of existing musical tradi-
‘modern music’. This view cannot be said to tions to become the main composition mate-
be right or wrong, but it depends on the posi- rial in producing new works is considered a
tion we choose to determine it. It is possible

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necessity. The resulting works can provide a Batak ceremonies. In addition, according to
phenomenology of certain traditional music Sopandu Manurung “there has been an expan-
in different contexts. In addition, their work is sion in the Toba Batak flute scale from five
an intermediary that brings traditional music tones to diatonic”; and (2) The same thing also
closer to society in a broad context. That is, happened in the Karo community where the
the owner of traditional music can not only be presence of the keyboard instrument was well
played and enjoyed by the people themselves, received, until a new term emerged, namely
but the wider community in different cultural “the Karo kibot drum or Karo keyboard” as
trajectories can appreciate traditional music a part that shows how the Karo people con-
by playing, interpreting, and appreciating it. sider this musical instrument to be parallel to
the previous Karo traditional music. Rahma
Traditional and ‘modern’ (contemporary (2011: 131) in his research states that “key-
music) are music that both live and develop boards have gradually replaced the position of
in their supporting communities, and they are Karo traditional music accompanying the per-
equally vulnerable to change. This statement is forming arts gendang guro-guro aron”.
in line with Lloyd (1969: 173) who considers
“folk traditions are not like ‘constant marbles’ Changes that occur in the gondang hasa-
but like plants that are strong but sensitive to pi and gendang lima sedalenan show that a
climate change.” In this case, change can be ‘tradition’ is prone to change, both in terms of
interpreted in several categories, namely; (1) instrumentation, presentation, and repertoire.
changes that occur due to the composer’s cre- The good acceptance of the Toba and Karo
ative efforts and work; (2) changes that occur Batak people towards this change has encour-
due to internal factors; and (3) changes occur aged the occurrence of gondangnization or
due to external factors. Changes in tradition- kibotnization, meaning that every repertoire
al music according to Elbourne (1975: 182) outside the drum or gondang repertoire be-
are “tendable due to the acculturation process, comes synonymous with tradition. Therefore,
where certain cultures have an influence on ‘traditional’ music is not interpreted in a ‘stan-
other cultures. People who live together influ- dard’ form that cannot be changed. Smith’s
ence each other and tend to become similar (2001) statement about ‘traditional’ which
through assimilation. An area with little con- always implies something old, from the past,
tact between groups tends to have a variety of and not in accordance with the times may be
styles; one where great musical contact tends only one view in a particular context. The two
to have a more unified style.” examples above have shown how folk songs
and keyboard instrumentation became part of
The following examples give us an idea of​​ the tradition, and this continues to this day.
how changes in traditional music occurred in
the Toba and Karo Batak communities. (1) The In another context, western traditional
gondang hasapi repertoire in the Toba Batak music has also changed. We know various
music tradition has adopted various reper- periods in the history of western music such
toires beyond the existing repertoire. Regional as Medieval, Baroque, Classical, and Mod-
music from the Toba Batak was adapted as the ern music. The difference between western
gondang sabangun repertoire. This repertoire and non-western classical music lies in the
later became an inherent part of various Toba transformation system of music education.

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Western classical music emerged as a form of METHOD
‘high’ culture that belonged to certain social The method used in this study is a quali-
groups with relevant educational backgrounds
and had access to classical music education. tative method with a musicological approach
Williams (1989:36) explains how classical and considers the composer’s creative work
music is transmitted, received, the process of and its relationship to the cultural realm. This
determining meaning and values is obtained study seeks to ‘’define’’ various elements of
in the education system. local music that are adapted and then trans-
formed in the context of Indonesian classical
The western classical music education sys- music. The analysis of several piano and vocal
tem is self-opening which has allowed wide works taken as the object of research is an im-
access for all people from various regions or portant part in order to examine the placement,
countries to learn it. They then have the op- development, and even expansion that may be
portunity to learn various musical instruments presented by the composer through a creative
piano, violin, violin, cello, contrabass, flute, approach. The relationship between various
harp, piccolo, clarinet, etc.; listening to var- aspects is also the subject of the author’s at-
ious types of music; and watch musical per- tention to see their relationship in one musi-
formances and recitals in concert halls. This cal composition. Melody, harmony, scales,
condition then changed the meaning of ‘clas- textures, intervals, timbre, tempo, and rhythm
sical music’ from the concept of western clas- are interrelated entities that form a musical
sical music to ‘classical music’ in the context composition. The inclusion of local music el-
of ‘the same culture’. Therefore, the mention ements in the context of Indonesian classical
of Indonesian classical music in this study is music certainly provides an expansion in mu-
more about the goal of ‘equalization’ of ‘the sical aesthetics. To support this research, the
same culture’. author also conducted various literature stud-
ies sourced from articles, reference books,
Couldry (2000) argues that societies work and other research results. These sources have
with cultural complexity as promoting cultur- provided a lot of information as well as input
al diversity. In this context, the author sees that helped the author in positioning this re-
that Indonesian classical music composers search. Interviews with resource persons were
who live in a complex cultural realm partici- also taken by the author to obtain important
pate in raising and promoting Indonesian cul- information that could complement the exist-
tural diversity through their piano and vocal ing information and at the same time become
music compositions. The composer’s creative a means to discuss the background and philos-
work makes them the center and the agents of ophy of creating Indonesian classical music.
change who are in control of creating the iden-
tity of Indonesian classical music. Therefore, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
the focus of this study is to examine how In- Indonesian classical music has received
donesian classical music composers maintain
local Indonesian traditional music materials good appreciation from the people of Indone-
in new media? How do Indonesian composers sia and abroad. This can be seen from the var-
utilize various musical elements from differ- ious performances of piano and vocal works
ent cultures into one mutually supportive part? by Indonesian composers that have been car-

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ried out. In this study, the author reviews sev- dition, the collaboration of composers and
eral performances held in the last two years musicians, with various outside parties is also
as a part to see how the space and existence taken in order to realize the organization of
of Indonesian classical music has filled pub- the show. Music events with online or hybrid
lic spaces. Another discussion is the study concepts that combine offline and online con-
of several piano and vocal works as part of cert experiences are a step forward to accom-
researching how composers utilize local mu- modate various stakeholders. Some examples
sical elements as the main part in compos- of musical performances with this concept ap-
ing great musical works full of Indonesian proach are: (1) Synchronize Fest 2020 in col-
identity. This identity becomes a marker that laboration with a private television station to
distinguishes it from similar works from oth- hold a show on November 14, 2020; (2) Pram-
er countries. One of the four musical norms banan Jazz 2020, a jazz music festival held
proposed by Harty (1924:328) is “regarding online from the Prambanan Temple complex,
the emotional qualities of music that give it Yogyakarta on October 31 to November 1,
value, and the nobler the emotion evoked, the 2020; (3) The Sing at Home Concert, held on
greater the music”. This is an important point 29 March – 7 April 2020, presents musical per-
where Indonesian composers have considered formances and raises funds for those affected
and choose a different approach in composing by the Covid-19 pandemic. The concert was
vocal and piano musical works enlivened by Mikha Angele, Petra Sihombing,
DJ Winky Wiryawan, Yovie Widianto, Arsy,
Indonesian Classical Music Performance Rendy Pandugo, Dipha Barus and others; (4)
Various musical performances held in the Djakarta Warehouse Project (DWP) Virtual
2020, an annual dance music festival that is
past two years are dominated by online per- always anticipated as a year-end event, held
formances. This happened as a result of the online on 19-20 December 2020. Performers
impact of Covid-19 which was detected at the for DWPV include Martin Garrix, Vini Vici,
end of 2019 in China. The spread of the virus Regard, STMPD RCRDS Presents Julian Jor-
is so fast and widespread. For the first time dan & Justin Mylo, Valentino Khan, Anton X
on March 2, 2020, Indonesia officially an- Hogi, Atsy X Billy Tanner, BJONES, DJ Ten,
nounced two cases of positive patients infect- Hezkia, RAMENGVRL, Ridwan G, Trilions,
ed with the Covid-19 virus. (Pranita, 2020) Yaksa, Yasmin, Armin Van Buuren, Yellow
Starting from March 2020 until now (October Claw, Brennan Heart, CURBI, Dipha Barus
2021) the Indonesian government has imple- feat. Indies, Kallula, Monica Karina & Na-
mented various social restrictions in various din Amizah, Hayden James, What So Not, 22
aspects of social life, such as; online learn- Bullets, Bubi & Fungfung, Devarra, Fun on A
ing and working from home in the context of Weekend, JOYO, Patricia Schuldtz, Preachja
preventing and spreading the coronavirus-19 Crew, W.W. and others. (Andikara, 2020)
(Surat Edaran Mendikbud, 2020), including
the arts and musical performances. The implementation of Indonesian clas-
sical music has also experienced adjustments
Adjustments in musical performances be- due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
gan to be made by utilizing various media or Several composers and musicians organize
platforms that were already available. In ad-

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virtual performances that are well-packaged Sukarlan. In particular, the composer raised a
and interesting. Ananda Sukarlan’s first vir- specific theme “B. J. Habibie”, describes how
tual concert on May 28, 2020 was held in this figure has inspired and encouraged him to
collaboration with the Director General of promote Indonesian music by presenting new
Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. This compositions and providing opportunities for
concert was a challenge for Ananda Sukarlan young pianists or musicians who have musical
because the concept of on-line performances skills to participate in performing the works
was very different from offline concerts as he he composes. Efforts made by composers in
usually does so far. One of the advantages of introducing ‘new’ and ‘strong’ music with the
organizing this on-line show is the presence character of Indonesian musical identity are by
of an audience that is not limited by space continuously producing new works; perform
or region. Therefore, audiences from various it at home and abroad; and facilitating pianists
countries with different cultures and languag- and vocal soloists to take part in competitions.
es c​​ an watch the show together even though in The new works produced are the works of 34
different spaces and times. Ananda Sukarlan Rapsodia Nusantara which are based on ele-
said “on-line concerts must still be commu- ments of Indonesian musicals and folk songs
nicative with other cultures because music is from Sabang to Merauke. Rapsodia Nusan-
a universal language. In addition, the current tara is specially designed with vistuoso tech-
concert program shows a very strong sense of nique and is recommended for closing recitals
Indonesianness.” (Pao, 2020) and music concerts. Also, Ananda Sukarlan’s
vocal music works are based on poems by In-
The first repertoire selection entitled Vari- donesian poets. The composer’s various tech-
ation on “Ibu Pertiwi” is a work based on a pa- niques and creativity are beautifully presented
triotic song. (Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, in the five volumes of Tembang Puitik.
2020) The meaning of the song Mother Earth,
composed by Ismail Marzuki, is full of na- One of the efforts to popularize his works
tional and archipelago personifications. The widely for the wider community is by collabo-
composer creatively divided the theme of the rating with the Ministry of Education and Cul-
song into two parts. This is done as part of the ture of the Republic of Indonesia. This collab-
composer’s creativity to anticipate themes that oration provides a great space in introducing
are too long, causing ‘boredness’. Maintain- Ananda Sukarlan’s works and prepares young
ing continuity in the general form of variation Indonesian musicians to be pushed forward to
that takes short material as has been done by take a leading position in demonstrating their
Mozart in the work 12 Variations on ‘Ah, vous expertise in playing the works composed by
dirai-je maman, K.265/300e with a theme of Ananda Sukarlan. Some of the activities that
16 bars in a 2/4 duplet meter (Mozart, 2005) resulted from this collaboration were musical
and Paganini on 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, performances that raised the wealth and glory
Op.1 with a theme of 12 bars in 2/4 duplet me- of the archipelago. This activity is well pack-
ter (Berkley and Paganini, 1986). aged and prioritizes collaboration between
composers and young Indonesian musicians.
The Virtual Tribute to BJ Habibie con- The inaugural concert of the series “Tour
cert which was held on June 25, 2020 was the Rapsodia Nusantara” at the historic site of the
second virtual concert conducted by Ananda

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archipelago was held on 27 September 2020 Gumpung Muaro Jambi Temple. Coinciding
with the theme “Prambanan A Twilight Tryst with Indonesia’s National Mother’s Day, this
Ananda” where Ananda Sukarlan as pianist program is a tribute to mothers and women in
and composer; Mariska Setiawan as soloist general. Muaro Jambi in East Sumatra used to
soprano; Widhawan Aryo Praditha as tenor be the capital of the oldest kingdom in Indo-
soloist; Sulistya as flute and Nedy Benedict as nesia dating back to the 7th to 13th centuries.
oboe. (Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, 2020) Jambi is also the center of Buddhism in Asia,
Ananda Sukarlan raised the Javanese philoso- where religious leaders from countries such as
phy of Urip Iku Urup which means life is a India, China and Nepal come to deepen their
flame. Life must illuminate, and we must in- knowledge here. (Director General of Cul-
spire others. The Prambanan temple complex ture, 2020) According to Agus Widiatmoko,
is also adjacent to the Sewu temple where in “formerly the Gumpung Muaro Jambi Temple
the 9th century Buddhists and Hindus lived was a place for monks and pandits to study
peacefully. This picture must be a picture of philosophy about Buddhism which is usual-
society in Indonesia forever. ly devoted to the Monastery, and also a place
of worship called Setia Gara. From the 7th to
Majapahit “The Birth of Nusantara” is the 13th centuries AD, Srivijaya became a center
second concert in the “Rapsodia Nusantara of education comparable to Nalanda in India”.
Tour” series which was held on October 20, (Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, 2020)
2020. This concert was held at Brahu Tem-
ple which is located in the Trowulan archae- In addition to organizing online concerts,
ological site area, built during the 14th cen- online piano and vocal competitions are two
tury Majapahit era. The Majapahit kingdom activities that have been carried out in 2020
for 200 years covered most of Indonesia, so and 2021. The competition is a means to in-
the Majapahit kingdom was the largest king- troduce works to the wider community as well
dom in Indonesia at that time. The Majapahit as provide opportunities for young Indonesian
Kingdom had a big vision “Majapahit become musicians to appear in prestigious national
so advanced politically, economically, and of events. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the
course culturally. According to Ananda Su- Ananda Sukarlan 2020 Piano Competition was
karlan, “music at that time was certainly very held online without compromising on quality,
developed and at that time we still used pen- and the invited judges were; Anthony Hartono
tatonic scales. The pentatonic scale is actual- (Winner of the Ananda Sukarlan Award 2014)
ly still used in many parts of the world. One and Christine Utomo who have a worldwide
of my works is entitled Passacaglia which is track record as pinis. This competition was at-
arranged in semitone, whole tone, third and tended by 104 participants and received full
other semitone intervals. So, you can hear support from the Ministry of Education and
this Passacaglia which is the basis of a lot of Culture of the Republic of Indonesia by pro-
gamelan music because it has ostinato which viding registration fees for each participant
means repeating bass line.” (Direktorat Jen- who participated. This is done as a form of ob-
deral Kebudayaan, 2020) taining superior human resources in the field
of art and establishing the identity of classical
The next concert was the “December di music in Indonesia. The main winner received
Sriwijaya” concert which took place at the

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a scholarship for a summer course to France above, but on the other hand, Indonesian clas-
sponsored by the Institut Francais d’Indone- sical music emphasizes the emergence of the
sie and the other winners were empowered to mainstream composition of works that have
increase the resilience of Indonesian culture an Indonesian identity.
through cultural diplomacy. The Ananda Su-
karlan Poetry Online Competition has been The mainstream of music composition has
held in 2021 followed by 30 participants with opened a wide space for Indonesian compos-
a jury team consisting of Ananda Sukarlan as ers to treat and develop their creative ideas.
composer; Dody Soetanto as baritone; and Various music originating from the realm of
Mariska Setiawan as soprano. This competi- Indonesian culture is a major part for them in
tion aims to map young talents in the classical forming works that have musical character.
vocal field, ensure the sustainability of Indo- The realm of culture is a ‘paradise’ or inspi-
nesian classical vocal music, and provide op- ration for Indonesian composers to explore
portunities for collaboration with Indonesian various ideas. The introduction of Indonesian
musician maestro. Ananda Sukarlan’s online composers to the realm of their own culture
poetry competition is supported by the Kop- well, opens up the possibility of carrying out
erasi Industri Kreatif Indonesia (KIKI), along various syntheses of musical elements spread
with other creative industry players. across the archipelago. This is certainly in
line with Small’s (1980) thinking about “A
Elements of Local Traditional Music fish who is not aware of water, because he
As explained in the introductory section, knows nothing about other media”. If we ap-
ply Small’s thinking in the context of a com-
the traditional music owned by various re- poser, then a composer who is not aware of
gions in the archipelago cannot be separated his cultural realm tends to follow the media
from various influences, both from outside that has existed before, even though he him-
and from within. In this context, elements of self grows and develops in a different medi-
local traditional music involve various musi- um. Therefore, composers who worked in
cals originating from one particular area, both previous media tend to repeat or produce sim-
in their ‘original’ state and in ‘adjustments’ ilar works from their predecessors. No matter
which are then adapted by composers in new how sophisticated the current composers are
media, namely; Indonesian classical music. in managing compositions based on tonality
or diatonic scales, they are still under the in-
The term Indonesian classical music may fluence of previous composers.
be a definition that is still not ‘established’ so
that various meanings of the term are very Experimental practice on various idioms
possible. The view of the ‘rebirth’ of the clas- of Indonesian music and regional music for
sical music style of the 1750-1820 centuries the preparation of musical works for piano and
in different contexts is acceptable. However, a vocals. This idiom of Indonesian musicals and
view that expands the scope of classical music regional music is the main source for building
from the baroque repertoire to the early mod- new works that have an Indonesian character.
ern period is also acceptable in today’s con- Indonesian idioms and regional music have
text. The use of the term Indonesian classical different expressive powers, both in terms of
music in this study may include the two views harmony, texture, melody, and rhythm. The

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composer’s creativity is the main aspect in the This scheme in Kama’s work becomes: Db-
preparation of the work so that the composi- F-Gb-Bb-Cb-Db; F-Gb-Bb-Cb-Db-F; Gb-Bb-
tion of the music composed can be accepted Cb-Db-F-Gb; Bb-Cb-Db-F-Gb-Bb; and Cb-
by the wider community, appreciated, and ful- Db-F-Gb-Bb-Cb.
fills the pianistic and vocalization aspects.
In addition, the harmony produced by this
Creativity in composition is certainly scheme is unique because of its approach to
influenced by various factors, such as: ed- the composition of the harmony of western
ucational background; musical experience; music traditions. Therefore, we do not find
mastery of compositional techniques; un- any correlation or strength of traditional har-
derstand the character of Indonesian idioms mony progression as harmony functions in the
and regional music; and the ability to bring context of western music. If we refer to the
‘added value’ or ‘novelty’ from the previous traditional harmony approach, the pentatonic
form. Therefore, creativity is not understood scheme used in Kama’s work produces two
as an activity of ‘imitating’ certain idioms or chords, namely; subdominant and submediant
melodies, but most importantly the ability of chords. However, in the rotation system this
the composer to expand the existing ‘wall’ or is not absolute, because the position has chan-
concept of composition. The idioms of the ar- ged (as a reverse chord). Kama is composed
chipelago and the melodies of folk songs are of 3 rotations of the pentatonic scheme, thus
important aspects to build national identity likely prompting the composer to assign the
and also the identity of the composers them- key signature of 2 mol (Bb) to this work.
selves. This view is in line with the opinion
of Csikszentmihalyi (1999) about the birth of This composition is based on the Malayu
new works (which in this case are piano and Ilham poem entitled Kama. This poem is an
vocal compositions) due to the interaction expression of losing hope; lonely in solitude;
process between composers and the cultural confusion in the meaning of life; and the deep
realm. sadness of parting with the family. The period
of serving his sentence in a Bangkok prison
Kama became a place to produce inspiring poetry
Kama is a vocal composition with piano works. The ’real’ joy may not be as enjoyable
as it used to be, but the moment of joy for him
accompaniment arranged based on the use of was enough to see the spider with all its activ-
Indonesian materials, namely the pentaton- ities in the cell. This is expressed in his poem,
ic scale as the basis for developing melody, entitled Spider’s Ballad.
harmony, and texture. Associated with the
rhythm and function of the instrument in the Figure 1. Kama text based on
gamelan is manifested by the composer in two Malayu Ilham poetry
different rhythms in the key of G and key of F
(beer 11-35). Of all the works of Ananda Su- (Source: Tembang Puitik Vol 1; Sukarlan, 2007)
karlan, Kama is the only work that is entire-
ly done with the development of archipelago
materials. The basic pentatonic scheme used
is 1-3-4-6-b7 and then and its derivatives.

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O Ale Alogo without any pause or bridge at bar 25 further
O Ale Alogo is a collaborative work of emphasizes that the logo position is unpre-
dictable. Alogo was free to move through the
Cornel Simanjuntak and Binsar Sitompul. high mountains towards the huta na dao (dis-
This work is arranged in two sides, namely; tant villages). The composer uses a phrasering
(1) Cornel maintains the use of five tones as with a regular pattern along 8 bars. This pat-
the basis for composing vocal melodies that tern is divided into two small phrases. Dra-
can be associated with the Toba Batak penta- matic elements actually and suddenly appear
tonic scales and the use of local language lyr- at 25-40, with modulation in the key of Bb (up
ics. This arrangement is almost similar to that 3m from the key of G major) which implies a
of Dewantara and Poetro who composed their fairly high melodic interval jump, namely, 7m
works using the concept of Javanese gamelan from the G to F note. The repetition of mate-
gendhing; and (2) Binsar Sitompul chose dia- rial A in position the higher interval is the em-
tonic scales as material in the preparation of phasis that describes how the composer wants
accompaniment on the piano with a romantic his message to be conveyed.
compositional concept approach.
Figure 2. Analysis of the use of pentatonic
O Ale Alogo is a new compositional con- and diatonic scales
cept in vocal music, combining the concepts of (Source: Author)
traditional Toba Batak music and western mu-
sic in the work of O Ale Alogo which has cut off Kamadjaja
the characteristics of Toba Batak music. This Kamadjaja is a compositional work in-
is due to the diatonic arrangement of the pia-
no accompaniment, and eliminating rhythmic spired by the puppet story of Batara Kamajaya
variations and tone repetitions in the process who has a wife named Kamaratih. Kamajaya
of composing the work. Whereas the rhythmic and Kamaratih are a picture of a harmonious
part and the repetition pattern of notes are two family in Javanese society. Kamadjaja’s work
important things that characterize or ’heart’ tra- depicts the romance of Kamajaya and Ka-
ditional Toba Batak music. Therefore, if these maratih as a pair of lovers who love each other
two parts are omitted then what happens is the and become a symbol of handsomeness and
blurring of the identity of Toba Batak music. beauty by the Javanese. For example, the tra-
O Ale Alogo is composed at a moderate and dition of seven months pregnant in Javanese
continuous tempo (andante sostenuto) as part
of supporting the metaphors of alogo (wind)
and dolok (mountains) surrounding Lake Toba.
In this context, Cornel Simanjuntak places the
logo as a medium to convey his message to his
lover.

To support this metaphor, the composer
chose to use a homophonic texture comple-
mented by chromatic harmony movement to
add dramatization to the erratic movement of
the logo. The modulation that occurs suddenly

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usually includes images of Kamajaya and Ka- of hope that their child when born will be as
maratih on young coconuts as a complement beautiful as Kamaratih or as handsome as Ka-
to the ceremony. Such a tradition is a symbol majaya.

Table 1. Indonesian identity in Kamadjaja

Indonesian Identity Elaboration Description

cm

fm

cm

AbM

(Source: Author)

Kamadjaja’s work uses free form, part A that move slowly up and down to support
is arranged monophonically which describes the melody depicting the beauty of Kamara-
the lives of Kamajaya and Kamaratih walking tih’s figure. In bars 22-41 in section C there
together both when the state of life is in happi- is a hidden modulation where Mochtar Em-
ness and vice versa is manifested in bars 1-4. but doesn’t change the tonality or keeps us-
The melody and accompaniment are arranged ing the 4b key, but the composer chooses to
in the keys of G and F monophonically and change some of the notes needed. The 42-50
these two sounds move up and down simulta- bar is a D section where the composer returns
neously. To strengthen this character, the com- to using octave intervals on the melody with
poser then re-voiced the material for 1-4 bars syncopated rhythms, and tonality in Bb minor.
up in quart intervals on 5-8 bars. Measures 50-60 are part of the repetition of
measures 9-18 in part A.

Figure 3. Modulation analysis on D section Rapsodia Nusantara No. 1
(Source: Author) Rapsodia Nusantara No. 1 is the first com-

Part B is composed with the melody in oc- position designed by a composer based on
taves depicting the dashing figure of Kama- an Indonesian folk song. This work is com-
jaya and the accompaniment of broken chords plex in terms of virtuoso piano technique and
composition. Rapsodia Nusantara No. 1 was
prepared using inversion, retrograde, tonali-
ty and polymeric techniques. Elaboration of
Indonesian musical material has been played
by composers since the beginning of the bar,
namely in the form of fragmentation of the

“SOCIAL CHANGES, CULTURAL RESILIENCE, AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 137
IN THE POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF INDONESIA”

melody and rhythm of the song ”Jali-Jali”. 50 with an Alla Marcia Funebre tempo and
The fragmentation of the melody and rhythm using 4/4, and 6/4 polymers. For the first time
is placed on the up beat in beat 2, this is dif- the composer used the entire melody of the
ferent from the song ”Jali-Jali” which starts song “Kicir-Kicir by making some adjust-
from the first beat. Although this work is put ments to the aspects of melody, rhythm, ac-
in a neutral starting mark or understood in C companiment and harmony. The 24-31 bars
major tonality, the composer actually started are arranged in Bb major tonality with octave
this work from 5 flats (Db). accompaniment that moves according to scale
intervals. Entering 33-50 bars, the composer
Figure 4. Fragmentation of the melody elaborated the melody of the song “Jali-Jali”
and rhythm of ”Jali-Jali” with a multi-tonality approach where in one
bar there are two different tonality if we refer
(Source: Rapdosia Nusantara No 1-5; to the original melody of the song “Jali-Jali”.
Sukarlan, 2011) This is interesting to analyze and then we can
use as part of the technique of composing new
This pattern is voiced again at measures 3-4 works. Key changes that occur so quickly, of-
in a different key, namely Db to Ab7(b5). Mea- ten obscure the original melody. For example,
sures 5-9 are sequential repetitions of the previ- in measures 33-34 the composer uses Bb or la
ous pattern. The fragmentation of the song “Ki- and Ab tones or sol tones which are included
cir-Kicir” is voiced starting from the 12-16 bar, in the Db major tonality. But on the beat of the
starting with parallel octaves and parallel quints 33 bar, it immediately changes to the key of C
arranged in descending order until the melody major. The composer did not choose the F or
enters the F# tone (the mi note in the key of D mi notes of Db major, but the E or mi notes of
major). Melody and rhythm are augmented and C major. For bar 34, the composer again made
minuted, harmonic changes that move quickly changes to the tonality in Bb major, mi [D], re
have implications for the blurring of the tonali- [C] and la [G] notes. This change in tonality
ty used (such as the use of Schoenberg’s inver- takes place along the 33-50 bar.
sion and retrograde).
Figure 5. Analysis of the composition technique
Structure of Rapsodia Nusantara No. 1 of the ”Kicir-Kicir” motif
using free forms. Part A is measured in 1-23 (Source: Author)
at a moderate tempo and using 4/4, 6/4, 4/4,
and 6/4 polymers. The melodic and rhythmic Part C is 51-68 with a maestoso tempo and
fragmentation of the song “Jali-Jali” in bars uses a 4/4, 2/4, and 6/4 polymer. The compos-
1-9, 21-22 and the song “Kicir-Kicir” in bars er re-elaborated the melody of the song “Ki-
10-20 are used interchangeably. Part B is 24-

PROCEEDING THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL 138
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

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PROCEEDING THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL 140
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the Music

Arts Study Program, Faculty of Language and
Arts, University of HKBP Nommensen and
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research,
and Technology for encouraging and support-
ing this research.