Unit-1 Indian Education Thoughts Raghavendra Bommannavar Ph.D. Asst. Professor, RVTC
Unit-I: Indian Education Thoughts • Vedic Period: Curriculum, Teacher-Pupil Relationship and Institutionalization of Education, Takshashila University. • Buddhist Period: Institutionalization of Education : Monasteries and Open Accessibility, Nalanda Monastery. • Medieval Period: Concept of Education, Demand for Education and Organization of Education, Rise of Muktabas And Madrasa- Their Salient Features, • British Period- Woods Dispatch, Hunter Education Commission and Sargent Committee reports. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 2
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The main characteristics of Vedic education can be briefly enumerated as follows: 1. Knowledge 2. Aims of Education 3. Methods of Instruction 4. Medium of Instruction 5. The “Upanayana” rituals 6. Celibacy or Brahmacharya 7. Alms System 8. Status and service of the teacher 9. Practicability 10. Education for the individual 11. Duration of Education 12. Curriculum 13. Equal opportunities to all 14. Simple Living & High Thinking 15. Academic Freedom 16. High place to Indian culture 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 33
.Duration of Education • In the house of the teacher, the student was required to obtain education up to the age of 24, after which he was expected to enter domestic life students were divided into three categories: a) These obtaining education up to the age of 24 – Vasu b) These obtaining education up to the age of 36 – Rudra c) These obtaining education up to the age of 48.- Auditya. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 34
FORMS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS • There were six types of major institutions of education during vedic period. They were Gurukulas. Vedic tolls. Charan, Parishad , Charak , Parivrajakacharya and Sammelan. Let us discuss them. 1. Gurukulas • Gurukulas were the dwelling houses of gurus situated in natural surroundings away from noise and bustle of cities. Parents sent their wards at the age of five years to nine years according to their castes after celebrating their Upanayan Sanskar. Pupils lived under the roof of their guru called ‗antevasin‘ under the direct supervision of their Guru. The Chhandogya Upanishad described, such pupils as ‗Acharya Kulavasin‘. It was compulsory for these Acharya Kularasins to live with the guru throughout the period of education, leading life of celibacy 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 35
Contd…. 2. Parishads Parishads were bigger educational institutions where several teachers used to teach different subjects. This may be compared to a college parishad in Upanishads, has been used for a conference of learned men, assembled for deliberations upon philosophical problems. Later on the ‗Parishads‘ were set up at the places where learned men lived in good number and gradually these institutions became permanent centres of imparting knowledge. In the words of Dr. R. K. Mukherjee, ‗Parishad‘ correspondences to University of students belonging to different colleges. 3. Sammelan Sammelan literally means getting together for a particular purpose. In this type of educational institutions scholars gathered at one place for learned discussions and competitions generally on the invitation of the king. Scholars were appropriately rewarded. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 36
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