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Characteristics of Buddhist Education 1. The Core of Buddha’s Teaching 2. The Goal of Buddha’s Teaching 3. Admission in Monastery 4. Pabbajja 5. Upasampada 6. Duration of Education 7. Curriculum 8. Methods of Teaching 9. Women Education 10. Qualities and Responsibilities of Teacher 11. Daily routine of the students 12. Boarding and lodging of the students 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 62
13. Ashtanga Marga The word Samma means 'proper', 'whole', 'thorough', 'integral', 'complete', and 'perfect' – 1. Samma-Ditthi — Complete or Perfect Vision 2. Samma-Sankappa — Perfected Emotion or Aspiration, 3. Samma-Vaca — Perfected or whole Speech 4. Samma-Kammanta — Integral Action. 5. Samma-Ajiva — Proper Livelihood. 6. Samma-Vayama — Complete or Full Effort, Energy or Vitality. 7. Samma-Sati — Complete or Thorough Awareness. 8. Samma-Samadhi — Full, Integral or Holistic Samadhi. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 63
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14. Four Nobel Truthsi. All life knows suffering.. ii. The cause of suffering is ignorance and clinging. iii. There is a way to end suffering. iv. This is the way to end suffering: 14. Rules for Samanera— i. Not to kill any living being ii. Not to accept anything given to him. iii. Live free from the impurity of character. iv. Not to tell lie v. Not to take food at improper time vi. Not to use luxurious things 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 65
Methods of Teaching 1. Verbal Education 2. Discussion 3. Evidences 4. Prominences 5. Tours 6. Conferences 7. Meditation 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 66
Merits 1. Well organized centers- Buddhist education was imparted in well organized centers, monasteries and Vihara which were fit places for the purpose. 2. Cosmopolitan-Buddhist education was free from communal narrowness. 3. Simple and austere-Bhikshus led a life of austerity and simplicity. 4. Total development- Buddhist education laid much emphasis on the physical mental and spiritual development of the students. 5. Disciplined Life- both the teachers and students led disciplined life. 6. Ideal student teacher relationship. 7. International importance- Buddhist education helped to gain international importance it also developed cultural exchange between India and other countries of the world. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 67
Demerits 1. Buddhist education could not give the proper attention to the occupational, industrial and technical education. 2. It gave severe blow to the social development because it devided family ties. Leaving their family life Buddha Bhikshus devoted their whole lives to sangh and Buddhism. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 68
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Concept of Education: Medieval Period • During the Muslim period education received a great patronage of state. The Muslim rulers established many Maktabs, Madarsas, libraries etc., and patronized many scholars. They also granted scholarships to many students. • Muslim rulers promoted urban education by endowing libraries and literary societies. They also founded primary schools (maktabs) in which students learned reading, writing, and basic Islamic prayers, and secondary schools (madrasas) to teach advanced language skills, Koranic exegesis, prophetic traditions, Islamic law (shari a), and related subjects. Often attached to mosques, Islamic schools were open to the poor but were gender segregated, often only for boys. • Muslim girls of affluent families studied at home, if they received any education beyond learning to recite the Koran. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 79
Concept of Education: Medieval Period • From the beginning of the Mughal empire in India in 1526 until the end of Mughal political presence in 1848, Persian was the court language, and elite boys could attend Persian schools to learn literature, history, ethics, law, administration, and court protocol. Subjects such as medicine, mathematics, and logic also formed an important part of the curriculum in centers for Islamic learning. • More intimate settings for the spread of ideas were the retreats (khanqah) of famous Sufis (Muslims who professed mystic doctrines). These new educational models did not necessarily displace older ones, although state patronage patterns shifted. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 80
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WOOD’S DESPATCH OF 1854 Wood‘s Despatch is a very important educational document and holds a unique place in the history of Indian education. It placed the responsibility of education of the Indian people fully on the Company and stated quite explicitly that it must never be neglected. The Despatch gave new direction to education in India and in a way this direction has its clear impact on today‘s education in the country. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 97
HISTORICAL EVENTS LEADING TO THE DESPATCH • It is known that the Charter of the East India Company had to be renewed after every twenty years. In 1833 while renewing the Charter Act the British Parliament increased the sum of money to one million per year from the one lakh to be spent on education in India. • When the time for renewal came in 1853, education in India had come to suffer numerous problems. The directors of the Company decided to lay down a definite policy for education in India. Therefore, it became necessary to make a comprehensive survey of the entire field of education. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 98
RECOMMENDATIONS OF WOOD’S DESPATCH a. To impart Western knowledge and information about the western culture to the Indians b. To educate the natives of India so that a class of public servants could be created c. To promote intellectual development and also raise the moral character of the young generation d. To develop practical and vocational skills of the Indians people so that more and more articles could be produced and also to create a good market for consumption of those goods. e. Department of Education f. Expansion of Mass Education g. Establishment of Universities h. Training of Teachers i. Professional Development j. Introduction of network of Graded Schools all over India: 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 99
MERITS OF WOOD’S DESPATCH • Wood‘s Despatch started a new era in Indian education system by clearly defining objectives of education. • It made the Government realise the importance of education for the people and presented a comprehensive scheme of education embracing primary, secondary and higher education. • It recommended the creation of a separate Department of Public Instruction in five provinces and appointment of a Director to head the Department. • The principle of Downward Filtration Theory was discarded by the Wood‘s Despatch and it encouraged the promotion of mass education. It recommended the establishment of indigenous schools. 7/27/2023 Dr RB, RVTC, IASE 100