Mero Nepali Class 3

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ISBN: 978-999-33-717-9-3

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t, d sf] x“' <

14 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

ltdLn] lrGof} xf]nf, d kfgL x'“ .

d cj:yfcg;' f/ lr;f,] tftf,] gl' gnf] cflb ljleGg ¿kdf
kl/jtg{ xg' ;S5' . d hd/] a/km klg aG5' . lxdfndf d
lr;f] xG' 5' . lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ x'b“ } ;d'b|df k'Ubf d/] f]
lr;fk] g 36b\ } hfG5 .

;db' a| f6 d/] f] hGd xG' 5 . ;db' | egs] f] kfgL g} kfgL ePsf]
7fp“ xf] . ltdLx¿dWo] t s;n} ] klg b]vs] f 5g} f} xfn] f .
;db' |df d Psbd} gl' gnf] xG' 5' . d ;db' |df ku' ]sf j]nf
ltdLn] dnfO{ lkpg xb“' }g .

ltdLnfO{ yfxf xf]nf, 3fd tftf] x'G5 . 3fdn] ubf{ ;db' |df
d klg tfT5' . tftk] l5 d xns' f] xG' 5' / afkm eP/ p85\ ' .
d afkm eP/ dflydfly cfsfzlt/ kU' 5' .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 15

afkm ag/] dfly ku' ]kl5 d lr;f] xG' 5' . clg Pp6} l9sf]
h:tf] aG5' . Tolt jn] f dnfO{ ;an} ] afbn eG5g\ . afbn
agk] l5 d slxNo} PSnf] lx8“ \lbg“ . d cfkm" h:t} c¿
afbnnfO{ klg ;fy lnG5' . d cfsfzdf rf/}lt/ 3'D5' .
clg ´g´\ g\ dfly hfG5' . dflydfly uPkl5 ´g´\ g\ lr;f]
x“b' } hfG5' . lr;f] xb“' } uPkl5 d ux|f“} xG' 5' . uxf| “} eP/
cfsfzdf 8N' bf8'Nb} d yfls;S5' . To;kl5 d lr;f] xG' 5'
/ jiffs{ f] ¿k lnP/ k[YjLdf a;{G5' . Tolt jn] f ltdL ‘kfgL
k¥of’] eGb} 5ftf cf]9\5f} .

dn} ] jiffs{ f] ¿k lnPkl5
kY[ jL ;S' vf xg' kfpb“ g} .
gbLgfnf, Ogf/, kfv] /L
;a}df d el/G5' . d ltd|f]
wf/faf6 klg cfp5“ ' . gbL
ag/] d ;db' d| } ldNg
k'U5' . d ;d'bd| f klg
a;G{ 5' . ;db' |af6} d
lg:sG5' / km] l/ ;db' d| }
ldnk] l5 d/] f] nfdf] ofqf
;lsG5 . d km] l/ oxL ofqf
bf]xf¥] ofp5“ ' .

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
!= of] kf7sf cgR' 5b] tfs] L ;a} ljBfyLn{ fO{ kfnk} fnf] k9g\ nufpgx' f;] \ .
@= ljleGg cgR' 5b] af6 kZ| g agfO{ ;fw] /] pQ/ eGg nufpgx' f;] \ .

16 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ k9 M

/fd|f] leGg ;db' | rsf{] ux|f}“ kY[ jL ofqf

@= tn lbOPsf cy;{ u“ ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

-s_ gbL ldl;P/ ags] f] kfgLsf]

7n" f] efu† ;fu/ ++++++++++++++++++

-v_ a9L gg' ePsf] ++++++++++++++++++

-u_ wj' fs“ f ¿kdf dflylt/ p8s] f ++++++++++++++++++
;–;fgf kfgLsf s0f

-3_ kfgL a;g{ ] sfd ++++++++++++++++++

-ª_ uNg,' yfSg' ++++++++++++++++++

-r_ Ps 7fpa“ f6 csf{] 6f9fsf] ++++++++++++++++++
7fpd“ f hfg] sfd

#= 7Ls a7] Ls 56' o\ fpm M

-s_ kfgL h:tf] ef8“ fdf /fVof] To:t} ¿k/ªsf] xG' 5 .

-v_ ;d'bs| f] kfgL ul' nof] xG' 5 . 17
-u_ kfgL dflg;nfO{ vfg dfq rflxG5 .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

-3_ kfgL afkm eP/ lxdfndf kU' 5 .

-ª_ afbn lr;f] eP/ kfgL k5{ .

$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ kfgL ss] ] sfdsf nflu cfjZos k5{ <
-v_ kfgLsf] ¿k/ª s:tf] xG' 5 <
-u_ kfgLsf] hGd sxfa“ f6 xG' 5 <
-3_ ;db' | egs] f] s] xf] <
-ª_ afkm s;/L aG5 <
-r_ kfgL s;/L k5{ <

%= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' kf/L ;f/ M g8Lgfnf

la¿jf ?k g"lgnf]

;dG' b/ lklyj{ L kof]{ cfjZo]Stf

^= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 ldNg] jfSo agfO{ nv] M

d x'G5' .
xfdL
ltdL ;v' L xG' 5f“} .
ltdLx¿ v;' L
pm xG' 5f} .

pgLx¿ xG' 5 .

x'G5g\ .

18 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

&= pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M

pbfx/0f M
kfgL M ;kmf kfgL lkpgk' 5{ .

lr;f] tftf] cUnf] g'lgnf] :jflbnf]

*= tnsf k|Zgsf af/d] f 5nkmn u/ M

-s_ leGgleGg cj:yfdf kfgL ss] ] aGbf] /x5] <
-v_ kfgL gePsf] eP s] xG' Yof] xfn] f <

(= tnsf] lrq x/] / j0fg{ u/ M

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 19

kf7 $ lstfa

– l;l4r/0f >i] 7

lstfa ltdf| ] u0' fsf] avfg
s] ug{ ;Sy“] d 5' x} chfg
;w}“ gdfgLsg slQ emsf]{
lbG5f} atfOs{ g 1fg csf{]

syf sxfgL Oltxf; gfgf
lj1fg cf} 1fg gof“ k/' fgf
Pss] 5nª{ ª\ u/L dnfO{
;Dk0" f{ lbG5f} ltdL g} atfO{ .

;fR“ r} ltdLleq ;ah} gfsf]
ltd|f] 5 b/af/ ;w}“ vn' f Tof]
/fv/] ;t1\ fg 7n" f] esf/L
af8“ g\ ] ltdL g} pksf/ ef/L .

dgi' osf] hLjgdfu{ vf;
bv] fOlbG5f} gagL xtf;
k9/] /fd|f al9of lstfa
d u5{' c1fg ;a} ;vfk .

20 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ k9 / nv] M

slQ Oltxf; 5nª{ ª\ ;Dk0" f{ dg'io hLjgdfu{

@= dflysf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 . u0' f
#= afs;af6 ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fp“ e/ M Oltxf;

gfgf chfg c1fg ;vfk
al9of emsf{] xtf; Pss]

-s_ ljz]iftf = u'0f

-v_ ghfGg] = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-u_ lbSbf/ = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-3_ lats] f s/' fsf] j0fg{ = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-ª_ Pp6f Pp6f = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-r_ lg/fz = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-5_ c;n = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-h_ 1fgsf] sdL = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-´_ ;a} l;Wofpg] sfd = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-`_ w]/} y/L, ljleGg = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 21

$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ 1fg sn] ] lbG5 <
-v_ lstfan] sg' sg' ljifosf] 1fg lbG5 <
-u_ lstfasf u0' f ss] ] xg' \ <
-3_ c1fg s;/L ;vfk xG' 5 <

%= tnsf x/km k9/] ltdL s] a‰' 5f,} nv] M

/fv/] ;t1\ fg 7n" f] esf/L
af8“ g\ ] ltdL g} pksf/ ef/L

^= pN6f] cy{ cfpg] u/L tnsf zAbsf] hf8] f ldnfpm M

-s_ u'0f aGb

-v_ 1fg k'/fgf]

-u_ gof“ bf]if

-3_ ;fr“ f] 3l6of

-ª_ ldq e'm6f]

-r_ vn' f c1fg

-5_ al9of zq'

22 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

&= vfnL 7fpd“ f 56' s] f x/km n]v M

dgi' osf] hLjgdfu{ vf;

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

k9/] /fdf| al9of lstfa

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

*= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

u'0f emsf{] Oltxf; 5nª{ ª\ c1fg

(= lstfa k9g\ fn] ss] ] kmfObf xG' 5g,\ sIffdf ;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn
u/ .

!)= ltdf| ] emfn] fdf ePsf lstfasf] gfd nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

!!= tnsf cfwf/df ltdLn] k9g\ ] lstfasf] j0fg{ u/ .
gfd M
nv] s M

k|sfzs M
dg k/s] f] kf7 M

kf7 dg kg{] sf/0f M

dg gk/]sf] kf7 M

kf7 dg gkg{] sf/0f M

lzIf0f lgbz{] g M
lzIfs ;fyL ¤ oL ab“' fsf cfwf/df sIff # sf] gk] fnL lstfasf] j0fg{ tof/ ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 23

kf7 % cgf}7f] k/LIff

w/] } klxn] Pshgf u?' lyP .
pgn] cfÇgf rn] frn] Lx¿sf]
k/LIff lng] ljrf/ u/] . pgn]
rn] frn] Lx¿nfO{ cfÇgf jl/kl/
/fv/] eg], ægfgL xf] ¤ d Hofb}
j4[ / sdhf/] eO;s“] . ca
ltdLx¿n] wgdfn / vfgs] /' f
NofP/ dnfO{ dbt ug'{k5{ .Æ
;an} ] eg,] æxf], xfdLn] u?' nfO{
dbt ugk{' 5{ .Æ t/ Pshgf
r]nfn] u'?nfO{ eGof], æu?' ¤ of]
sfd t ;lhnf] 5g} . oxfs“ f
dflg;x¿ dgsf/L 5g} g\ .
pgLx¿n] xfdf| ] dbt ubg{} g\ .Æ

24 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

u'?n] eg,] ægfgL xf] ¤ d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ dfUg hfcf] eg]sf]
xfO] g . dn} ] t ;f]Wb} g;fw] L Nofcf] egs] f] dfq x“' . Tof]
sfd d cfk“m} ug{ ;lSbg“ . To;n} ] ltdLx¿;u“ dbt dfus] f]
x“' . s] ltdLx¿ dnfO{ dbt ug{ ;S5f} <Æ

;an} ] Ps} :j/df eg,] æxfdL dbt u5f“{} . xfdLn] s] ugk{' 5,{
a? Tof] atfpgx' f;] \ g u?' .Æ

u?' n] eg,] æs;n} ] klg gbV] g] 7fpd“ f uP/ nS' g" . Toxf“
sg' } wgL dfG5] cfp5“ ls eg/] sl' //xg" . wgL dfG5]
cfpgl] alQs} la:tf/} s;n} ] gbV] g] u/L p;sf wgdfn
vf:] g" . t/ p;nfO{ sg' } ks| f/sf] bM' v glbg" .Æ

;a} rn] f u?' sf] cf1f dfGg tof/ eP .

t/ Pshgf rn] L eg] 6fpsf]
lgx/' fP/ al;/xL . u?' n] cln
7n" f] :j/n] p;nfO{ eg,]
æltdLnfO{ s] eof] < ltdL dn} ]
egs] f] sfd ug{ tof/ 5g} f} <Æ

To; rn] Ln] egL, æu?' , dnfO{
Ifdf ug'x{ f];\ . d tkfO“n{ ] eg]
h:tf] ug{ ;lSbg“ .Æ

ælsg / < ltdLnfO{ s] eof,] dnfO{ 25

;a} atfpm .Æ u?' n] eg] .

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

rn] L hjfkm lbO,{ æu?' ¤ s;n} ] gbV] g] 7fp“df uP/ rfg] {"
eg/] tkfO“{n] xfdLnfO{ cx|fpge' of] . of] sfd t x'g} ;Sb}g .
sf]xL gePsf] 7fp“df klg dgn] bl] v/x]sf] xG' 5 . To;n} ] a?
d dfUg hfG5' t/ rfg] { hfGg“ . dn} ] rf/] “] eg] dgnfO{ t
yfxf x'G5 lg . To;n} ] d cfkm" nfO{ 5Ng ;lSbg“ .Æ
r]nLsf] o:tf] s/' f ;g' ]/ u?' sf] dv' pHofnf] eof] . pgL
v';Ln] ubub eP / eg,] æcflv/ Pshgfn] t dn} ] k9fPsf]
s'/f ae' m] sf] /x5] ¤Æ
u'?sf] s/' f ;g' /] c¿ ;a} rn] fn] 6fpsf] lgx/' fP .
pgLx¿n] ug{ gxg' ] sfd slxNo} gug{] c7f6] u/] .

26 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ k9 M

j4[ k/LIff Ifdf b'Mv O{Zj/ cx|fpg' et' 'Ss

@= dflysf] syf kfnk} fnf] k9/] ;g' fpm .

#= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{
k/LIff ;xof]u
j4[ eujfg\
dbt hfr“
O{Zj/ tsf{pg'
5Ng' a9" f]

$= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

sdhf]/ dgsf/L cf1f cx|fpg'

-s_ sx] L ug{ g;Sg,] lgwf{] M + + + + + + + +

-v_ lbg, vfg, ;xofu] ug{ ;Sg] dg ePsf] M + + + + + + +
-u_ cfkm" eGbf ;fgfnfO{ lbOg] cfbz] M + + + + + + + +

-3_ o;f] u/ eg/] nufpg' M + + + + + + + +

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 27

%= /fdf| cIf/ kf//] sfkLdf ;f/ M

rn] Lsf] o:tf] s/' f ;g' ]/ u?' sf] dv' pHofnf] eof] . pgL
v';Ln] ubub eP / eg,] æcflv/ Pshgfn] t dn} ]
k9fPsf] s'/f a'e]msf] /x5] .Æ

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ o;/L g} ljBfyLn{ fO{ kf7sf c¿ cz+ sf] klg cgn' v] g u/fpgx' f;] \ /
pgLx¿sf] nv] gsf] dN" ofªs\ g u/L /fdf| ] nV] gn] fO{ :ofaf;L lbP/, tfnL ahfO{
kz| ;+ f u//] jf cGo tl/sfn] k/' :st[ u/L /fdf| ] / z4' nV] g kf| T] ;fxg ugx{' f;] \ .

^= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ u?' n] rn] fx¿;“u s] dbt dfu] <

-v_ u?' n] egs] f] sfd ug{ sfs] f] tof/ eP <

-u_ Pp6L rn] Ln] u?' n] nufPsf] sfd ug{ lsg dflgg <

-3_ u?' lsg v;' L eP <

-ª_ u?' n] nufPsf] sfd ug{ tof/ ePsf rn] fx¿n]
lsg 6fpsf] lgx¥' ofP <

&= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

lgx'/fpg' rfg] {' dfUg' hfGg' vf]:g' ns' fpg' ;f]Wg'

pbfx/0f M

lgx/' fpg' M p;n] 6fpsf] lgx/' fof] .

28 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

*= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 ldNg] jfSox¿ agfP/ nv] M

aa' f
cfdf cfO{ .
d 3/ cfP“ .
efO cfof] .
alxgL cfpg'eof] .

(= dflysf] syf k9/] tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ jm| d ldnfP/ ;f/ M

-s_ d tkfOn“{ ] egh] :tf] ug{ ;lStg“ .
-v_ u?' sf] s/' f ;g' /] c¿ ;a} rn] fx¿n] 6fpsf] lgx/' fP .
-u_ dflg;x¿ dgsf/L 5g} g\ .
-3_ pgn] cfÇgf rn] fx¿sf] k/LIff lng] ljrf/ u/] .
-ª_ d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ dfUg hfcf] egs] f] xf]Og .

!)= tnsf k|Zgx¿af/] ;fyL;u“ 5nkmn u/ M

-s_ u?' n] ‘c¿sf] wgdfn / ?lkof“ vf:] g’" eg/] lsg
egs] f xfn] fg\ <
-v_ ltdLnfO{ efs] nfus] f] 5 . ltdL;u“ vfgs] '/f, k;} f

sx] L 5g} . ca, ltdL s] u5f{} <

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff # 29

kf7 ^ xf6ahf/

-bO' h{ gf ljBfyL{ ljBfnosf] rf/} df a;/] xf6sf af/d] f s/' f
ub}{ 5g\ ._
/fdhgd M ltdL slxNo} xf6 uPsL 5\of} <
lzNkf M uPsL t 5,' t/ Ps k6s dfq .
/fdhgd M ltd|f] ufp“df s'g af/ xf6 nfU5 <
lzNkf M lalxaf/ nfU5 lg .
/fdhgd M xfdLsxf“ t zlgaf/ kf] nfU5 .

30 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

lzNkf M ltdf| ] 3/af6 ;fdfg lsGg sf] hfG5 lg <
/fdhgd M
lzNkf M ls a'af ls cfdf hfg'x'G5 .
/fdhgd M
xfdf| ] 3/af6 rflx“ ls aa' f ls bfO hfgx' G' 5 .
lzNkf M
ltdf| lt/ nfUg] xf6df ss] ] kfOG5g\ x“ < xfdf| ]
/fdhgd M xf6df t yk' }| s/' f kfOG5g\ . kmnkm" n, rfdn,
lzNkf M df;,' nu' fsk8f, ;n] /f6] L cflb yk' }| lrh
/fdhgd M kfOG5g\ .

lzNkf M xfdf| ] xf6df klg To:t} t xf] lg ¤ vfg]s'/f,
/fdhgd M n'ufsk8f, kmnkm" n cflb kfOG5g\ . clg
lzNkf M Pp6f s/' f lg ¤

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # s] s'/f <

xfdf| ] dfjnL ufp“df t ;fd] af/ xf6 nfU5
Sof/] ¤

xf6 t 7fp“ 7fpd“ f km/s km/s lbg nfU5 .
xfdf| lt/ nfUg] xf6nfO{ rflx“ zlgaf/] xf6
eG5g\ .

xfd|f] t lalxaf/] xf6 xf] .

af/cg;' f/ xf6sf gfd xG' 5g\ . sg' }
dªu\ naf/] / sg' } aw' af/] xf6 xG' 5 .

ca cfpb“ f] zlgaf/ ltdL klg xf6 hfG5f} ls <

31

/fdhgd M hfg] ljrf/ 5 . clxn] kmnkm" n kfOg] jn] f
lzNkf M 5 . Psbd ul' nof kmnk"mn lsGg kfOG5 .

/fdhgd M d/] f] klg hfg] ljrf/ 5 . cGteGbf xf6df
;fdfg ;:tf] kfOG5 . slxns] fxL“ t xfd|flt/
lzNkf M nfUg] xf6df klg cfpg] u/ g .
/fdhgd M
lzNkf M ltdLn] ltd|flt/ nfUg] xf6sf af/]df
atfOlbof} . wGojfb 5 ¤ d km' ;b{ ldnfP/
cfpn“ f lg .

ltdLnfO{ wGojfb ¤

ca sIffdf hfcf“} x} t ¤

xG' 5 .

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ k9/] ;g' fpm M

slxNo} 5\of} d'Vo yk' }|
km' ;b{
dª\unaf/ ;:tf]

@= /fdhgd / lzNkf eP/ dflysf] ;j+ fb k9/] ;g' fpm .

#= tn lbOPsf cy;{ u“ ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

-s_ vf; lbgdf nfUg] ahf/ = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

32 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

-v_ yf/] } dfn] sf] = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
-u_ aw' af/ nfUg] xf6 = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
-3_ sfd gePsf] jn] f = + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

$= tn lbOPsf ;ft af/nfO{ jm| d ldnfP/ ;f/ M

-s_ lalxaf/
-v_ zlgaf/
-u_ cfOtaf/
-3_ dªu\ naf/
-ª_ zj' |maf/
-r_ aw' af/
-5_ ;f]daf/

%= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ b]pm M
-s_ /fdhgd / lzNkfsf 3/af6 sfs] f] ;fdfg lsGg hfG5g\ <

-v_ /fdhgd / lzNkf sxf“ nfUg] xf6df kfOg] s/' fsf]
56' \6f56' 6\ } ;r" L agfpg .

-u_ dflg;x¿ lsg xf6 hfG5g\ <

^= tnsf] syf /fd/| L k9 / / pQ/ bp] m M

/flt sg' } ufpd“ f xfQL cfP5 . s/] fsf yfdx¿ klg

pvn] 5] . laxfg ufpn“ x] ¿n] xfQLn] u/s] f] gfS] ;fgL

bv] ]5g\ . pgLx¿n] xfQL bv] ]sf /xg] 5g\ . pgLx¿n]

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff # 33

/ftdf s] cfPsf] lyof,] yfxf kfPg5g\ . ufpn“ x] ¿n]
dl' vofnfO{ af]nfP/ xfQLsf kfOnf bv] fP5g\ . pgLx¿n]
æolt 7n" f kfOnf ePsf] hgfj/ s] xg' ;S5 <Æ egL
dl' vof;u“ ;fw] 5] g\ . dl' vofn] klg xfQL bv] s] f] /xg] 5 .
p;n] uwf dfq bv] s] f] /x5] . tk} lg p;n] elgxfn5] ,
æuwfsf kfOnf lg ¤Æ

ufpn“ n] ] klg uwf t bv] s] f lyP . pgLx¿n] ;fw] 5] g,\
æuwfsf klg oqf kfOnf xG' 5g\ t <Æ

æuwfn] v'6\6fdf hft“ f] af“w]/ cfPsf] lyof] lg ¤Æ
d'lvofn] bv] e] “}m u/L pQ/ lbP5 .

-s_ dl' vofn] lbPsf] pQ/ ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfUof] <
5nkmn u/ .

-v_ o; syfsf] zLifs{ s] /fVg ;lsG5 <

&= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 ldNg] jfSox¿ agfP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

lbbL

lbbLx¿ ljBfno hfG5f} .
d v]tdf hfG5' .
xfdL hflG5g\ .
ltdLx¿ hfG5g\ .
s6] f] hfG5 .
s6] fx¿ hfG5f“} .
v]tfnf]

v]tfnfx¿

34 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

*= tnsf] ;+jfb k/" f u/ M

;fl] kmof M gd:sf/, sfsf ¤
wj'| M gd:t] gfgL, stf lx8“ s] L lg ¤
;fl] kmof M + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
wj'| M cfh xf6 nfUg] lbg xf] / <
;fl] kmof M + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
wj'| M xf6af6 ss] ] lsg/] Nofp5“ \of} t <
;fl] kmof M + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
wj'| M dnfO{ klg ;k' f/L NofObp] m x} ¤ d k;} f lbG5' .
;fl] kmof M + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
wj'| M ltdL sltv]/ kmlsG{ 5\of} lg <
;f]lkmof M+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

(= dflysf] ;j+ fb k/" f u/]kl5 ;fl] kmof / w|'j ag/] k9 .
!)= ltdL 3'ds] f] xf6ahf/ jf d]nfdf ltdLn] s]s] b]v]sf 5f} <

cfkm" n] bv] ]sf s'/f l;nl;nf ldnfP/ kfr“ jfSodf nv] .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff # 35

kf7 & v]tLjfn

– kf/;dl0f kw| fg

kl/>dL 5' d x“' vt] Ljfn
d]/f] 5 ;fdfGo / gd| rfn
dnfO{ 7"nf] 3/ rflxb“ g}
dL7f s'/fdf klg nfe] 5}g

laxfg rf8“ } xn uf?] gf/L
hft] L vgL vt] u/L tof/L
ux“' / hf}, wfg, ds} pdf/L
k¥' ofp5“ ' cGg hxfgnfO{

;DklQsf] nfe] dnfO{ 5}g
wgL x'gfn] ;v' kfOb“ }g
yf/] } gxg' \ hGt' / cGg, kfgL
latf;] \ ;bf hLjg 9S' s dfgL

xnf,] hj' f, uf?] / vt] af/L
/flvlbP OZ{ j/n] dnfO{
u/]/ pBfu] sdfO{ cGg
latfp5“ ' hLjg eO{ k;| Gg

36 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M

kl/>dL gd| uf]? ;DklQ

hGt' 9S' s pBf]u 37

@= dflysf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 .

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ ae' m] / k9 M

kl/>dL ldlxgt] L

v]tLjfn ls;fg

gd| g/d, zfGt

xn uf?] hf8] L uf?]

gf/L gf/]/

hxfg kl/jf/

;bf ;w“}

pBf]u Ond

k;| Gg v;' L

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

$= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

v]tLjfn rfn nf]e tof/L

hxfg ;'v xnf] h'jf

%= tnsf vfnL 7fpd“ f sljtfsf ldNg] zAb e/L ;f/ M

;DklQsf] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + kfOb“ g}
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hGt' + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
latf;] \ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hLjg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + dfgL

^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ vt] Ljfnsf] rfn s:tf] 5 <
-v_ vt] LjfnnfO{ s] rflxb“ }g <
-u_ s;/L vt] Ljfnn] hxfgnfO{ cGg k¥' ofp5“ <
-3_ vt] Ljfn s;/L hLjg latfpg rfxG5 <
-ª_ vt] Ljfnn] s] u//] cGg sdfp5“ <

&= tnsf vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNg] zAb e/ M d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff #

xfdL ltdLx¿ pgLx¿

-s_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + k|;Gg eO{ afR5f“} .

38

dn} ] p;n] tn“} ]
-v_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + uf?] gf/“] .

xfdLn] ltdLn] p;n]
-u_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ;DklQsf] nfe] u¥of} .

d t“ Tof]
-3_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + dL7f s/' fdf nfe] ulbg{ “ .

xfdL pgLx¿ ltdLx¿

-ª_ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + v]t hfT] 5g\ .

*= pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf h:tf zAb agfpm M

pbfx/0f M gfg{' = -s_ gf5{ -v_ gf¥of]

pdfg'{ dfGg' /fVg' sdfpg' latfpg'

(= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]v M k/L>dL

7"nf] laxfg wgL yf]/}

!)= lsg wgL xg' fn] ;v' kfOb“ g} elgPsf] xf] < 39
sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff #

!!= tnsf vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ sljtf agfpm /
;a}nfO{ ;'gfpm M
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x“' d clg 5' ljgd| l;sf? x/f? h'emf?
nV] 5' / k95\ ' lg 5G' 5' + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + kGw gd| rGb|
sfkL snd 5g\ bO' { + + + + + + + + + + + + + d/] f kft xft bf“t
;fx;, lzIff + + + + + + + + + d/] f cfdfafa' bfh'efO lbg/ft

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ o; cEof;df ljBfyLn{ ] h:tf sljtf agfP klg ;a} sljtf ;g' /] pgLx¿sf]
sNkgf u//] l;Sg] IfdtfnfO{ kf| T] ;fxg ugx{' f;] \ .

!@= tnsf] sf7] ]kbaf6 r/f / hgfj/sf gfd vfh] /] nv] .
k d' g' / ef n'
/] af v|f s' s' /
jf g / v' vf u}
3 e“ h' /f 3f] 8f
8f“ u] /] d' / uf
km] /f nL ;f n O{

40 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff #

kf7 * gof“ jifs{ f] pkxf/

hfkfgsf] sg' } ufpd“ f bO' {hgf a9" fa9" L a:y] . pgLx¿ ul/a
lyP t/ lgs} bofn' lyP . pgLx¿ Pscsf{nfO{ va' } dfof
uy{] .

gof“ jifs{ f] klxnf] lbg lyof] . l5ds] df ‘dfr] L’ s'6]sf]
cfjfh ;l' gb“ } lyof] . dfr] L egs] f] hfkfgL efiffdf eftaf6
agfOg] Ps k|sf/sf] ld7fO{ xf] . a9" Ln] a"9fnfO{ egL, æP
a9" f ¤ xfdL klg gof“ jif{ dgfpg] xfO] g <Æ

a9" fn] eGof,] ædgfpg' t kg{] xf] t/ xfdLl;t k;} f 5g} . v,}
s;/L gof“ jif{ dgfpg] <Æ

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff # 41

Psl5g ljrf/ ul/;sk] l5 km] l/ a9" fn] eGof,] æxfdL;u“
ePsf] bfp/f afs] ]/ d ;x/ hfG5' . Tof] ar] s] f] k;} fn] d
rfdn / ld7fO{ lsg/] Nofpn“ f clg gof“ jif{ dgfcf“n} f .Æ
bfp/fsf] ef/L afs] ]/ a9" f] ;x/lt/ nfUof] . ;x/df gof“
jifs{ f nflu ;fdfg lsGg] / a]Rg] dflg;x¿sf] 7"nf] 3O' r“ f]
lyof] . t/ To; a9" fsf] bfp/f lsGg sfx] L cfPgg\ . p;n]
lg/fz eP/ 3/ kmsg{ ] ;/' ;f/ u¥of] .
æd/] L a9" LnfO{ ;fx}| g/dfOnf] xg' ] eof] . s7} ¤ lar/L ¤ gof“
jif{ dgfpg] p;sf] sqf] wfs] f] lyof] ¤Æ a9" f] dgdf s/' f
v]nfpb“ } 3/lt/ nfu] .
af6fdf Pshgf dflg;;“u a"9fsf] hDsfe6] eof] . Tof]
dflg; 5j\ fnLsf 6fk] L aR] g lx“8]sf] /x5] . p;n] a"9fnfO{
;fW] of,] æP, bfO ¤ slt k;} fsf] bfp/f aR] ge' of] t <Æ

42 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

a9" fn] dl;gf] :j/df eGof], æs] bfp/f aR] g' lg ¤ Ps
k;} fsf] klg aR] g ;lsPg . a? tkfOn+{ ] rflx“ sltcf6] f 6fk] L
a]Rge' of] lg <Æ

æd/] f] klg p:t} t xf] lg ¤ Pp6f klg a]Rg ;lsPg .Æ To;
dflg;n] a"9f;“u k:| tfj /fVb} eGof,] æP, bfO ¤ xfdL
Pscsfs{ f] ;fdfg ;f6f“} g, xG' g .Æ

a9" fnfO{ p;sf] s/' f dg k¥of] . pgLx¿n] cf–cfÇgf] ;fdfg
;f6f;f6 u/] . clg bj' }hgf cfÇgf] af6f] nfu] . ;fe“ m
l5lKkb“ } lyof] . lr;f] a9g\ yfn]sf] lyof] . lxp“ klg kg{
nfus] f] lyof] .

a9" fn] af6fdf ‘lhhfp] ;fdf’sf dl" tx{ ¿ n:s/} plePsf] bV] of] .
hfkfgL efiffdf lhhfp] ;fdf egs] f xfdf| Clifd'lg h:t}
xg' \ . a"9fn] lhhfp] ;fdfx¿nfO{ gd:sf/ u¥of] .

p;n] dl" ts{ f 6fpsfdflysf] lxp“ kl' 5lbof] . p;n] dgdg}
eGof,] ælar/f lhhfp] ;fdfx¿nfO{ slt hf8f] xb'“ f] xf] ¤Æ

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff # 43

p;n] cl3 bfp/f;u“ ;f6s] f 6fk] L tL dl" ts{ f 6fpsfdf
nufOlbof] . 6fk] L hDdf 5cf6] f lyP . Pp6f 6f]kL k'ug] .
p;n] cfkm" n] nufPsf] unaGbL km' sfn/] ;ftf“} dl" ts{ f]
6fpsfdf afl“ wlbof] . To;kl5 pm cfÇgf] af6f] nfUof] .

3/ ku' ]kl5 p;n] ;a} s/' f a9" LnfO{ atfof] . a"9Ln] egL,
æltdLn] c;fWo} /fdf| ] sfd u/5] f} . dnfO{ ;fx}« v;' L nfUof] .Æ

tL bofn' a9" fa9" Ln] gof“ jifs{ f] Tof] /ftdf clt ;fwf/0f
vfgf vfP t/ klg pgLx¿n] To;d} f ;Gtfi] f u/] .

a9" fa9" L d:t lgbf| df lyP . /ft rsdGg lyof] . /flt Pp6f

cfZroh{ gs 36gf 36o\ f] . lhhfp] ;fdfsf ;ftc} f6] f dl" tx{ ¿

lx8“ \g yfn] . ltgLx¿ cfu“ gdf cfOku' ] . a9" fnfO{ klg

cfu“ gdf s] v:of] h:tf] nfUof] . d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff #

44

a"9fn] æP a9" L, p7\ . aflx/ s] v:of] ¤Æ eGb} a"9LnfO{ klg

p7fof] . pgLx¿sf bn} fcufl8 k;} f, rfdn, df5f, df;,'

kmnk"mn cflbsf] y'kf| ] lyof] . lhhfp] ;fdfx¿n] bofn'

a"9fa9" LnfO{ gof“ jifs{ f] pkxf/ 5f8]/ uPsf lyP .

bj' }hgfn] la:tf/} 9fs] f vfn] ]/ lrofP . lhhfp] ;fdfsf

d"ltx{ ¿ kms/{] uPsf] pgLx¿n] bv] ] . pgLx¿n] tL

lhhfp] ;fdfx¿nfO{ k/a} f6 gd:sf/ u/L wGojfb lbP .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff # 45